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High performance Acrylic Dispersions for Masonry and Wood Coatings
Harald Petri , Ulrich Désor , Dr. Matthias Junk
ASEFAPI, 5th November 2015 © Celanese
Agenda
► Polymer Dispersions – Basic Knowledge
► Homogeneous Acrylic Dispersions
► Advanced Polymerization Technologies
‒ Core/Shell -Technology
‒ New Gradual Composition (GC) –Technology from Celanese
► Application Test Results
► Summary
2 © Celanese High performance Acrylic Dispersions
Water Homogeneous Medium
Polymer Particle Heterogeneous Medium
Synonym
Polymer-Dispersion
Polymer Colloid
Latex
„Polymer-Emulsion“
What is a Polymer Emulsion ?
( in fact : Polymer Dispersion )
A polymer dispersion consists of very small polymer particles
distributed in the homogeneous phase water
3 © Celanese High performance Acrylic Dispersions
Structure of a polymer particle
Colloidal Properties
Polymer Properties
A polymer particle is composed of a „polymer core“ and a
colloidal „shell“ which has a strong impact on workability
- chemical composition - glass transition temperature (Tg) - degree of crosslinking - molecular weight
- emulsifier, type, amount - number of sphere charges - number of charges in serum
4 © Celanese High performance Acrylic Dispersions
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Phase I Evaporation of water
Phase II Deformation of particles
Phase III Coalescence
Phase IV Interdiffusion of polymer chains
Proper film
formation only
occurs if ambient
temperature is
above MFFT !
Proper film formation needed to obtain a robust polymer film
© Celanese High performance Acrylic Dispersions
Film formation
The Minimum Film Formation Temperature ( MFFT ) is the lowest
temperature required to obtain a polymer film without any defects.
MFFT can vary from 0°C ( freezing water ) to 100°C ( boiling water )
! 6
Temperature Gradient
MFFT 0°C
18°C
>20°C
MFFT – Bench
0°C 20°C
© Celanese High performance Acrylic Dispersions
Film formation Minimum Film Formation Temperature ( MFTT )
Plastic Coatings Masonry Coatings EWC
( Pure Acrylic ; Tg = 98°C ) ( Pure Acrylic ; Tg = 23°C ) ( Pure Acrylic ; Tg = -30°C )
Fibre Cement Coatings Masonry Coatings
( Pure Acrylic ; Tg = 48°C ) - low emission - ( Pure Acrylic; Tg = 6°C )
100 oC 25 oC -100 oC
stiff and briddle leather-like tacky
Polymer hardness Glass Transition Temperature ( Tg )
7
below Tg : Polymer chains like
uncooked Spaghetti ( rigid )
above Tg : Polymer chains like
cooked Spaghetti ( flexible )
Tg of Polymer Film
© Celanese High performance Acrylic Dispersions
MFFT correlates with Tg in many cases, but is not the same.
Tg ≈ MFFT for hydrophobic polymers ( e.g. Styrene/Acrylic ).
MFFT can be lowered by adding suitable solvents and/or coalescing agents.
For hydrophilic polymers ( e.g. VAE ) water can act as coalescing agent ( Hydroplastification ).
Heterogeneous dispersions could have more than one Tg whereas every dispersions has only one MFFT.
MFF
T (°
C)
Tg (°C)
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34
Styrene-Acrylic
VAE
Tg = MFFT
8
Correlation between MFFT and Tg
© Celanese High performance Acrylic Dispersions
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Lowering of MFFT by
adding suitable
coalescent agents
‘hard’
Dispersion
‘soft’
Dispersion Storage
Application
Production
Addition of
coalescent
agents
Hard Polymer Film
Soft Polymer Film
time
MFFT /Tg
[ °C ]
0
10
20
30
40
Drying typical ambient
temperature
Film Forming Process of homogenous
Polymer Dispersions ( „soft “ vs. „hard“ )
Evaporation of
coalescent
agents
9 © Celanese High performance Acrylic Dispersions
Combining opposing properties
Film forming without any addition of
coalescent agents requires a “soft”
polymer dispersion and thereby a
relative soft polymer film hardness.
Low Glass Transition
Temperature (Tg)
To achieve a better polymer hard-
ness ( low blocking ) especially at
high temperatures “hard” polymer
dispersions are required.
High Glass Transition
Temperature (Tg)
Optimizing the balance between Soft Polymer Phase
( low Tg ) and Hard Polymer Phase ( high Tg ).
Soft phase enables the film forming at lower
temperatures and reduced demand of coalescing
agents whereas the high Tg phase improves film
hardness and block resistance.
Advanced Polymerization Technologies – Best of both worlds
10 © Celanese
?
High performance Acrylic Dispersions
Further optimization of the polymer
film properties
Cross-Cut Test
Improvement of adhesion on
critical substrates e.g. old alkyd
paints…
Improvement of durability e.g.
chemical resistance, stain
resistance …
11 © Celanese
Cross-linking Wet adhesion
High performance Acrylic Dispersions
Polymer Morphology
Low MFFT / Tg
- required to achieve a proper film
forming at low temperatures without
adding suitable coalescent agents.
High Tg
- for applications where a hard, no
blocking polymer film is required.
Cross-Linking
- improvement of mechanical and
chemical durability.
Wet adhesion
- optimized adhesion properties on
critical substrates.
Summary : Optimization tools
Monomer Composition Functionality
Advanced Polymer Dispersions
- high performance dispersion with
optimized balance between film formation
( MFFT ) and polymer hardness.
12 © Celanese High performance Acrylic Dispersions
13
Mowilith® Homogeneous Acrylic Dispersions Product guide Masonry Coatings
© Celanese High performance Acrylic Dispersions
LDM
7281
LDM
7709
LDM
7714
LDM
7719
LDM
7978
Nano
9420
Solids [ % ] 50 46 50 50 60 45
pH-Value 7,5 8,5 8,5 8,5 6,0 8,5
Viscosity [ mPas ] 2000 110 2000 4000 1500 55
MFFT [ °C ] ca. 13 ca. 1 ca. 15 ca. 0 ca. 0 ca. 6
Tg [ °C ] ca. 30 ca. 6 ca. 21 ca. 10 ca. - 30 ca. 18
Functionality ? no no yes yes yes no
Suggested
Applications
Exterior
Paints
Plasters
Textured
Coatings
Exterior
Paints
Plasters
Textured
Coatings
Masonry
Coatings
House
Paints
Concrete
Coatings
Masonry
Coatings
House
Paints
Elast Wall
Coatings
( EWC )
Nano
Hybrid
Paints
Binders based on homogeneous polymerization
14
Mowilith® Homogeneous Acrylic Dispersions Product guide Wood Coatings & Gloss Paints
© Celanese High performance Acrylic Dispersions
LDM
7714
LDM
7719
LDM
7724
LDM
7774
Solids [ % ] 50 50 46 45
pH-Value 8,5 8,5 8,9 8,5
Viscosity [ mPas ] 2000 4000 7000 300
MFFT [ °C ] ca. 15 ca. 0 ca. 10 ca. 15
Tg [ °C ] ca. 21 ca. 10 ca. 23 ca. 25
Functionality ? yes yes yes yes
Suggested
Applications
Weather
protection
wood paints
Wood Stains
Weather
protection
wood paints
Wood Stains
Gloss / Trim
Paints
Wood Stains
Gloss / Trim
Paints
Binders based on homogeneous polymerization
© Celanese 15
Advanced Polymerization Technologies
How to combine opposed mechanical properties in one binder
High performance Acrylic Dispersions
Heterogeneous
Polymerization
Core-Shell
Particle
Particle with GC-
Technology
Celanese new Gradual Composition
( GC) - Technology
Core-Shell Particle Particle with GC Technology
16
► Defined phases of hard and soft parts
► Abrupt phase boundaries (breaking
point)
► Gradual change from hard to soft
polymer fraction
Two defined Tg
Temperature (°C)
Hea
t flow
(m
W)
broad Tg-range
Temperature (°C)
Hea
t flow
(m
W)
© Celanese High performance Acrylic Dispersions
Advanced Polymerization Technologies Core-Shell vs. GC Technology
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
Homogeneous emulsion Heterogeneous emulsion
Elo
ng
ati
on
at
bre
ak
[ %
]
Blo
ck
ing
[ g
/6.5
cm
2 ]
50% MMA : 50 % BuA
phase 1: 20% MMA : 80 % BuA
phase 2: 80 % MMA : 20% BuA
phase 1 : phase 2 = 1 : 1
Tg2 = 80°C
Tg1 = -18°C
Tg =22°C
Blocking and Elongation of homogeneous and heterogeneous
dispersion with same total monomer ratio ( 50% MMA / 50% BuA )
Advanced Polymerization Technologies Impact of morphology
© Celanese High performance Acrylic Dispersions 17
( Core-Shell )
18
► Excellent balance between
blocking resistance and
elongation at break/elasticity
► Equipped with a broad
property profile to meet
market needs in gloss paints,
lacquers and trim paints area
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 1000 2000 3000El
on
gati
on
at
bre
ak (
%)
Blocking (50°C)
Dispersions with
GC-Technology
Core-Shell
Dispersions
LDM 7510
Advanced Polymerization Technologies New Gradual Composition (GC) - Technology
Mowilith® LDM 7510 is providing a unique balance between hardness
and elasticity enabled through the new GC-Technology
© Celanese High performance Acrylic Dispersions
► Linear relation between blocking resistance
and elongation at break with different Core-
Shell-Grades
► Either good blocking resistance or good
elongation at break
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Key advantages
► High gloss
► MFFT=0°C
► Styrene-free
► Excellent elasticity and at the same time highly
block resistant
► Excellent chemical and solvent resistance with
great wet adhesion (self crosslinking)
► Good outdoor durability – so far results are in line
with expectations
Advanced Polymerization Technologies New Gradual Composition (GC) - Technology
Mowilith® LDM 7510 : Unification of most important properties for
application in gloss paints, lacquers and trim paints
© Celanese High performance Acrylic Dispersions
Gloss after 7 days of drying ( pigmented gloss paint – white )
20
54 53 54 50 54
77 77 78 78 78 78 82
107 104 98
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Glo
ss u
nits
20° 60° Haze
sf = solvent-free formulation
sc = solvent-containing formulation
Application test results
© Celanese High performance Acrylic Dispersions
Blocking after 1 day of drying at RT
(in white pigmented gloss paint)
Elongation at break after 28 days of
drying (in white pigmented gloss paint)
21
510
4500 5000 5000 5000
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
39 37
151
74
110
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Drying: 1d at room temperature
Loading: 1 hour at 50 °C with 2kg/6,25 cm²
Application test results
© Celanese High performance Acrylic Dispersions
Mowilith® LDM 7510 : Excellent elongation at break / elasticity and at
the same time highly block resistant
Dry film resistance ( pigmented gloss paint – white )
22
Dispersion Recipe Scratch Alcohol Coffee
1d 7d
1d 7d 1d 7d 5 min 30 min 5 min 30 min
LDM 7510 sf L6045 FI 3 2 4 2 3 4 2 3
core/shell 1 sf L6045 FI 3 2 6 6 3 4 2 3
core/shell 2 sf L6045 FI 3 2 6 6 3 4 2 3
core/shell 3 sc L6003 FAI 4 2 2 2 1 2 1 2
homogeneous sc L6003 FAI 6 5 6 6 1 3 1 2
sf = solvent-free formulation
sc = solvent-containing formulation
Rating:
1: good
6: worse
Application test results
© Celanese High performance Acrylic Dispersions
Mowilith® LDM 7510 : Convincing dry film resistance performance,
even in solvent-free formulations
23
Mowilith® heterogeneous Acrylic Dispersions Product guide Wood Coatings & Gloss Paints
© Celanese High performance Acrylic Dispersions
LDM
7411
LDM
7416
LDM
7451
LDM
7461
LDM
7510
Polymer
Morphology
Core Shell Core Shell Core Shell Core Shell Gradual
Composition
Solids [ % ] 50 50 47 46 48
pH-Value 8,5 8,5 8,5 7,5 8,5
Viscosity [ mPas ] 2500 2500 4500 1500 3250
MFFT [ °C ] ca. 1 ca. 0 ca. 8 ca. 24 ca. 0
Tg [ °C ] ca. -10 / 50 ca. -3 / 85 ca. 13 / 65 ca. 28 / 100 -
Functionality ? yes yes yes yes yes
Suggested
Applications
Wood
Stains
Gloss/Trim
Paints
Corrosion
Protection
Wood
Stains
Joinery
Coatings
Gloss/Trim
Paints
Wood
Stains
Furniture &
Parguet
Coatings
Gloss/Trim
Paints
( low VOC )
Summary
► Acrylic Dispersions are perfect alternatives to solvent-based binders to reduce the
VOC content of coatings while remaining the desired properties and application
performance.
► Acrylic Dispersions have a strong reputation regarding versatility, UV-resistance and
durability on various substrates including mineral, wood and metal.
► Mowilith® Acrylic Dispersions with homogeneous particle morphology enables the
formulation of high performance coatings with long term durability. Through the
further optimization of wet adhesion properties the coatings properties improved as
well, especially on wood.
► Mowilith® Acrylic Dispersions based on Core-Shell Technology offer excellent block
resistance in high gloss formulations at low pvc. Furthermore they provide excellent
properties in wood stain applications. ( e.g. early block resistance )
► Mowilith® LDM 7510 based on the new Gradual Composition (GC) - Technology
represents the next generation of Acrylic Dispersion with optimized and excellent
balance between high block resistance and elasticity. It’s the perfect binder for low
emission gloss paints and coatings applications in the professional and DIY segment.
24 © Celanese High performance Acrylic Dispersions
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Disclaimer
© 2015 Celanese or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
This publication was printed based on Celanese’s
present state of knowledge, and Celanese undertakes
no obligation to update it. Because conditions of
product use are outside Celanese’s control, Celanese
makes no warranties, express or implied, and assumes
no liability in connection with any use of this
information. Nothing herein is intended as a license to
operate under or a recommendation to infringe any
patents.
Celanese®, registered C-ball design and all other
trademarks herein with ®, TM, SM, unless otherwise
noted, are trademarks of Celanese or its affiliates.
Contact Information
Europe
Celanese
Industriepark Höchst
65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
celanese.com/emulsion-polymers
© Celanese High performance Acrylic Dispersions
Thank you for your attention