high performance cpr and resuscitation quality improvement
DESCRIPTION
This presentation was used to facilitate a discussion of the AHA CPR Quality Consensus Statement, CPR compliance vs. competency, key quality challenges, review of related science, the concept of “pit crew” CPR, and RQI tools and processes. Download the slides to enable video and other links. You will need to hover over video and other icons.TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: HIGH PERFORMANCE CPR and RESUSCITATION QUALITY IMPROVEMENT](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062300/554b50ecb4c905793d8b4794/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
WHAT IS HIGH PERFORMANCE CPR?IS IT REALLY WORTH THE TROUBLE?
PRESENTED BY: DAVID B. HILTZ
![Page 2: HIGH PERFORMANCE CPR and RESUSCITATION QUALITY IMPROVEMENT](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062300/554b50ecb4c905793d8b4794/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
THIS IS NOT AN AHA PRESENTATION.THIS IS NOT A RESUSCITATION ACADEMY
PRESENTATION.PRODUCTS SHOWN ARE NOT ENDORSED
BY THE PRESENTER, THE AHA, THE RESUSCITATION ACADEMY, OR KING COUNTY MEDIC ONE.
![Page 3: HIGH PERFORMANCE CPR and RESUSCITATION QUALITY IMPROVEMENT](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062300/554b50ecb4c905793d8b4794/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
INTRODUCTORY REMARKS
![Page 4: HIGH PERFORMANCE CPR and RESUSCITATION QUALITY IMPROVEMENT](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062300/554b50ecb4c905793d8b4794/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
OBJECTIVESCPR Quality Consensus Statement
Compliance vs. CompetencyKey Quality Challenges
Science ReviewConcept of Pit Crew CPRAHA Quality CPR eBook
Reaffirmation-Q&A
![Page 5: HIGH PERFORMANCE CPR and RESUSCITATION QUALITY IMPROVEMENT](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062300/554b50ecb4c905793d8b4794/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: HIGH PERFORMANCE CPR and RESUSCITATION QUALITY IMPROVEMENT](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062300/554b50ecb4c905793d8b4794/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
“Poor-quality CPR should be considered a preventable harm. In healthcare environments, variability in clinician performance has affected the ability to reduce healthcare associated complications, and a standardized approach has been advocated to improve outcomes and reduce preventable harms. The use of a systematic continuous quality improvement (CQI) approach has been shown to optimize outcomes in a number of urgent healthcare conditions.”
![Page 7: HIGH PERFORMANCE CPR and RESUSCITATION QUALITY IMPROVEMENT](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062300/554b50ecb4c905793d8b4794/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
“Despite this evidence, few healthcare organizations apply these techniques to cardiac arrest by consistently monitoring CPR quality and outcomes. As a result, there remains an unacceptable disparity in the quality of resuscitation care delivered, as well as the presence of significant opportunities to save more lives.”
![Page 8: HIGH PERFORMANCE CPR and RESUSCITATION QUALITY IMPROVEMENT](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062300/554b50ecb4c905793d8b4794/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
QUESTION FOR AUDIENCE:HOW MANY OF YOU PRACTICE CPR?
(OUTSIDE OF YOUR AHA CLASS)
![Page 9: HIGH PERFORMANCE CPR and RESUSCITATION QUALITY IMPROVEMENT](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062300/554b50ecb4c905793d8b4794/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
SOME CHOICE WORDS!
![Page 10: HIGH PERFORMANCE CPR and RESUSCITATION QUALITY IMPROVEMENT](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062300/554b50ecb4c905793d8b4794/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
WE CAN’T EXPECT TO WIN “RACES” WITHOUT MEANINGFUL PRACTICE
AND AN ONGOING ITERATIVE PROCESS OF MEASURING AND IMPROVING…
![Page 11: HIGH PERFORMANCE CPR and RESUSCITATION QUALITY IMPROVEMENT](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062300/554b50ecb4c905793d8b4794/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
BEGINNERS PERMIT
![Page 12: HIGH PERFORMANCE CPR and RESUSCITATION QUALITY IMPROVEMENT](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062300/554b50ecb4c905793d8b4794/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
DON’T THROW OUT THE BABY WITH THE BATH WATER!
YOUR STANDARDIZEDTRAINING IS IMPORTANT!
![Page 13: HIGH PERFORMANCE CPR and RESUSCITATION QUALITY IMPROVEMENT](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062300/554b50ecb4c905793d8b4794/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
TOO MANY PEOPLE ARE GOING HERETOO EARLY!
![Page 14: HIGH PERFORMANCE CPR and RESUSCITATION QUALITY IMPROVEMENT](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062300/554b50ecb4c905793d8b4794/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: HIGH PERFORMANCE CPR and RESUSCITATION QUALITY IMPROVEMENT](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062300/554b50ecb4c905793d8b4794/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
SURVIVAL IS theBENCHMARK forEMS PERFORMANCE
![Page 16: HIGH PERFORMANCE CPR and RESUSCITATION QUALITY IMPROVEMENT](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062300/554b50ecb4c905793d8b4794/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: HIGH PERFORMANCE CPR and RESUSCITATION QUALITY IMPROVEMENT](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062300/554b50ecb4c905793d8b4794/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
A QUICK REVIEWOF RELATED SCIENCE
![Page 18: HIGH PERFORMANCE CPR and RESUSCITATION QUALITY IMPROVEMENT](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062300/554b50ecb4c905793d8b4794/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
SystoleDiastole
DUTY CYCLE
![Page 19: HIGH PERFORMANCE CPR and RESUSCITATION QUALITY IMPROVEMENT](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062300/554b50ecb4c905793d8b4794/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: HIGH PERFORMANCE CPR and RESUSCITATION QUALITY IMPROVEMENT](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062300/554b50ecb4c905793d8b4794/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: HIGH PERFORMANCE CPR and RESUSCITATION QUALITY IMPROVEMENT](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062300/554b50ecb4c905793d8b4794/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
DELAYS AND INTERRUPTIONS KILL!
![Page 22: HIGH PERFORMANCE CPR and RESUSCITATION QUALITY IMPROVEMENT](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062300/554b50ecb4c905793d8b4794/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
DEATH BY HYPERVENTILATION
A COMMON EXPERIENCE IN CARDIAC ARREST
![Page 23: HIGH PERFORMANCE CPR and RESUSCITATION QUALITY IMPROVEMENT](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062300/554b50ecb4c905793d8b4794/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
TRANSITION TIME-NO FLOW-
FOR DEFIBRILLATION
![Page 24: HIGH PERFORMANCE CPR and RESUSCITATION QUALITY IMPROVEMENT](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062300/554b50ecb4c905793d8b4794/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
WATCH YOUR TRANSITION
FROM MANUAL TO
MECHANICAL CPR IF THESE DEVICES ARE
USED
![Page 25: HIGH PERFORMANCE CPR and RESUSCITATION QUALITY IMPROVEMENT](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062300/554b50ecb4c905793d8b4794/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
•Perceived performance does not always match observed performance.
•Aufderheide et al. showed that duty cycle, chest compression depth and complete recoil were performed significantly less well when directly observed than EMT perceptions of their performance.
•Wik et al. showed that chest compression rate and depth were both significantly below AHA guidelines by trained EMS providers, and no flow time (when there was neither a pulse nor CPR being given) was almost 50% in directly observed performance evaluations.
•The likelihood of ROSC increases significantly with higher mean chest compression rate (in a hospital study 75% of patients achieved ROSC with 90 or more chest compressions/minute compared to only 42% with 72 or fewer chest compressions/minute).
THE PAINFUL TRUTH
![Page 26: HIGH PERFORMANCE CPR and RESUSCITATION QUALITY IMPROVEMENT](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062300/554b50ecb4c905793d8b4794/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
REPORT CARD?
![Page 27: HIGH PERFORMANCE CPR and RESUSCITATION QUALITY IMPROVEMENT](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062300/554b50ecb4c905793d8b4794/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
HAVING QUALITY TIME ON THE CHESTIS ESSENTIAL
![Page 29: HIGH PERFORMANCE CPR and RESUSCITATION QUALITY IMPROVEMENT](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062300/554b50ecb4c905793d8b4794/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
TUNNEL VISION AND ALTERATIONS
IN SITUATIONAL AWARENESS DURING RESUSCITATION
![Page 30: HIGH PERFORMANCE CPR and RESUSCITATION QUALITY IMPROVEMENT](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062300/554b50ecb4c905793d8b4794/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Eastern Airlines 401 crashed into the Everglades in
December of 1972 as a result of the flight crew's failure
to recognize a deactivation of the autopilot during their
attempt to troubleshoot a malfunction of the landing
gear position indicator system (an indicator light).
Fatigue and poor crew resource management (CRM)
contributed to the accident.
EA 401 gradually lost altitude while the flight crew was
preoccupied and eventually crashed.
The effect of this crash on the airline industry continues
today and has resulted in the development of Crew
Resource Management (CRM). CRM is a technique that
requires air crews to divide the work in the cockpit
amongst available crew ensuring that someone
continues focusing on flying the plane while
troubleshooting continues.
![Page 31: HIGH PERFORMANCE CPR and RESUSCITATION QUALITY IMPROVEMENT](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062300/554b50ecb4c905793d8b4794/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
DO YOUR CARDIAC ARRESTSLOOK LIKE A BULL RUN IN MADRID?
![Page 32: HIGH PERFORMANCE CPR and RESUSCITATION QUALITY IMPROVEMENT](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062300/554b50ecb4c905793d8b4794/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
OR A WELL CHOREOGRAPHEDDANCE SCENE LIKE THIS?
![Page 33: HIGH PERFORMANCE CPR and RESUSCITATION QUALITY IMPROVEMENT](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062300/554b50ecb4c905793d8b4794/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
![Page 34: HIGH PERFORMANCE CPR and RESUSCITATION QUALITY IMPROVEMENT](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062300/554b50ecb4c905793d8b4794/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
“Quality CPR is a means to improve survival from cardiac arrest. Scientific studies demonstrate when CPR is performed according to guidelines, the chances of successful resuscitation increase substantially. Minimal breaks in compressions, full chest recoil, adequate compression depth, and adequate compression rate are all components of CPR that can increase survival from cardiac arrest. Together, these components combine to create high performance CPR (HP CPR)”
![Page 35: HIGH PERFORMANCE CPR and RESUSCITATION QUALITY IMPROVEMENT](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062300/554b50ecb4c905793d8b4794/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
DISCUSSION OF DRUGS WITH PROVEN BENEFIT FOR CARDIAC ARREST
WOW! THAT WAS QUICK!
![Page 36: HIGH PERFORMANCE CPR and RESUSCITATION QUALITY IMPROVEMENT](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062300/554b50ecb4c905793d8b4794/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
![Page 37: HIGH PERFORMANCE CPR and RESUSCITATION QUALITY IMPROVEMENT](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062300/554b50ecb4c905793d8b4794/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w32PUDL2lb8
![Page 38: HIGH PERFORMANCE CPR and RESUSCITATION QUALITY IMPROVEMENT](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062300/554b50ecb4c905793d8b4794/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Compress
> 2 inches
Minimize interruptions
Full recoil
Rate between 100 and 120/min
Improved survival
Switch compressors every 2 min. Hover hands
Prioritize compressions
C-A-B
Rapid rhythm analysis
Minimize pauses
Administer drugs
Intubation IV placement
EMT CPR Foundation
Paramedic Advanced Life
Support
![Page 39: HIGH PERFORMANCE CPR and RESUSCITATION QUALITY IMPROVEMENT](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062300/554b50ecb4c905793d8b4794/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
![Page 40: HIGH PERFORMANCE CPR and RESUSCITATION QUALITY IMPROVEMENT](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062300/554b50ecb4c905793d8b4794/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
•EMTs own CPR•Minimize interruptions in CPR at all times•Ensure proper depth of compressions (>2 inches)•Ensure full chest recoil/decompression•Ensure proper chest compression rate (100-120/min)•Rotate compressors every 2 minutes •Hover hands over chest during shock administration and be ready to compress as soon as patient is cleared•Intubate or place advanced airway with ongoing CPR•Place IV or IO with ongoing CPR•Coordination and teamwork between EMTs and paramedics
10 PRINCIPLES
![Page 41: HIGH PERFORMANCE CPR and RESUSCITATION QUALITY IMPROVEMENT](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062300/554b50ecb4c905793d8b4794/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
•C-A-B•Minimize interruptions in compressions•Compress at least 100/min•Allow complete chest wall recoil/decompression between compressions•Rhythm assessment every 2 minutes•Rotate compressors every 2 minutes•Hover over patient with hands ready during defibrillation so compressions can start immediately after the shock (or analysis) has occurred
ALWAYS TRUE!
![Page 42: HIGH PERFORMANCE CPR and RESUSCITATION QUALITY IMPROVEMENT](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062300/554b50ecb4c905793d8b4794/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
HOVERING
![Page 43: HIGH PERFORMANCE CPR and RESUSCITATION QUALITY IMPROVEMENT](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062300/554b50ecb4c905793d8b4794/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
BREAK TIME?DO WE NEED TO RUSH TO ADVANCED AIRWAYS?
![Page 44: HIGH PERFORMANCE CPR and RESUSCITATION QUALITY IMPROVEMENT](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062300/554b50ecb4c905793d8b4794/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
ARE WE BRINGING THE RIGHT EQUIPMENT
TO THE PATIENT?
![Page 45: HIGH PERFORMANCE CPR and RESUSCITATION QUALITY IMPROVEMENT](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062300/554b50ecb4c905793d8b4794/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
CPR DURINGTRANSPORT?
![Page 46: HIGH PERFORMANCE CPR and RESUSCITATION QUALITY IMPROVEMENT](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062300/554b50ecb4c905793d8b4794/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Pictures are for presentation purposes only. The American Heart Association does not endorse any particular products, models or manufacturers.
![Page 47: HIGH PERFORMANCE CPR and RESUSCITATION QUALITY IMPROVEMENT](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062300/554b50ecb4c905793d8b4794/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
EACH PERSON HAS AN ASSIGNED ROLE
AND PRACTICES AGAIN AND AGAIN!
![Page 48: HIGH PERFORMANCE CPR and RESUSCITATION QUALITY IMPROVEMENT](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062300/554b50ecb4c905793d8b4794/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
1
2
3
4
5
6
PIT CREW LEADERAIRWAY LEADERDEFIB-IV/IO-MEDSCPR CHIEFCPR DEPUTY CHIEF
*VARIABLE PLAYER
PRE-ASSIGNED ROLES
![Page 49: HIGH PERFORMANCE CPR and RESUSCITATION QUALITY IMPROVEMENT](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062300/554b50ecb4c905793d8b4794/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
1
3
24
56
BOSS
ACCESSMEDS
MONITOR
CPR 1
CPR 2
AIRWAYVENTILATION
AIRWAYASSISTANT
RESUSCITATIONPIT CREW MODEL
![Page 50: HIGH PERFORMANCE CPR and RESUSCITATION QUALITY IMPROVEMENT](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062300/554b50ecb4c905793d8b4794/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
FEEDBACK?
![Page 51: HIGH PERFORMANCE CPR and RESUSCITATION QUALITY IMPROVEMENT](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062300/554b50ecb4c905793d8b4794/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
PRACTICELIKEYOUPLAY
![Page 52: HIGH PERFORMANCE CPR and RESUSCITATION QUALITY IMPROVEMENT](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062300/554b50ecb4c905793d8b4794/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
LIVE DEMO OF AHA RQI TOOLS
![Page 53: HIGH PERFORMANCE CPR and RESUSCITATION QUALITY IMPROVEMENT](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062300/554b50ecb4c905793d8b4794/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
A continuous process evaluates and improves clinical care and generates new guidelines and therapy.
Meaney P et al. Circulation 2013;128:417-435
Copyright © American Heart Association
![Page 55: HIGH PERFORMANCE CPR and RESUSCITATION QUALITY IMPROVEMENT](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062300/554b50ecb4c905793d8b4794/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Illustration of proposed resuscitation “report cards.” Routine use of a brief tool to document resuscitation quality would assist debriefing efforts and quality improvement efforts for
hospital and emergency medical services systems.
Meaney P et al. Circulation 2013;128:417-435
Copyright © American Heart Association
![Page 56: HIGH PERFORMANCE CPR and RESUSCITATION QUALITY IMPROVEMENT](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062300/554b50ecb4c905793d8b4794/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
THIS IS WHERE IT IS AT
![Page 57: HIGH PERFORMANCE CPR and RESUSCITATION QUALITY IMPROVEMENT](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062300/554b50ecb4c905793d8b4794/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
CONTEXTUALIZETRAINING
![Page 58: HIGH PERFORMANCE CPR and RESUSCITATION QUALITY IMPROVEMENT](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062300/554b50ecb4c905793d8b4794/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
MEASURETIME
![Page 60: HIGH PERFORMANCE CPR and RESUSCITATION QUALITY IMPROVEMENT](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062300/554b50ecb4c905793d8b4794/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
USEINSTRUMENTED
MANIKINS
![Page 61: HIGH PERFORMANCE CPR and RESUSCITATION QUALITY IMPROVEMENT](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062300/554b50ecb4c905793d8b4794/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
FREQUENCY OF
PRACTICE
![Page 62: HIGH PERFORMANCE CPR and RESUSCITATION QUALITY IMPROVEMENT](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062300/554b50ecb4c905793d8b4794/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
eLearningCAN BUY TIME
FOR MORE PRACTICE
![Page 63: HIGH PERFORMANCE CPR and RESUSCITATION QUALITY IMPROVEMENT](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062300/554b50ecb4c905793d8b4794/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
NON-PUNITIVE QI
![Page 65: HIGH PERFORMANCE CPR and RESUSCITATION QUALITY IMPROVEMENT](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062300/554b50ecb4c905793d8b4794/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
![Page 66: HIGH PERFORMANCE CPR and RESUSCITATION QUALITY IMPROVEMENT](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062300/554b50ecb4c905793d8b4794/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
![Page 67: HIGH PERFORMANCE CPR and RESUSCITATION QUALITY IMPROVEMENT](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062300/554b50ecb4c905793d8b4794/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
"Eisenberg has done a remarkable job in articulating the steps to be taken for communities to improve survival from sudden cardiac arrest. Resuscitate! is a 'best in class' and one of a kind guide that provides inspiration as well as direction in translating resuscitation science into practice. It is essential for all those who seek to establish strategies to improve survival and quality of life for cardiac arrest victims whose hearts are 'too young to die.'" - David B. Hiltz, EMT-P Resuscitation Academy Alumni
![Page 68: HIGH PERFORMANCE CPR and RESUSCITATION QUALITY IMPROVEMENT](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062300/554b50ecb4c905793d8b4794/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
www.heart.org/cprquality
www.resuscitationacademy.org
![Page 69: HIGH PERFORMANCE CPR and RESUSCITATION QUALITY IMPROVEMENT](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062300/554b50ecb4c905793d8b4794/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
FINAL RECOMMENDATIONS
![Page 70: HIGH PERFORMANCE CPR and RESUSCITATION QUALITY IMPROVEMENT](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062300/554b50ecb4c905793d8b4794/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
QUESTIONS - ANSWERS