high performance elastomers

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High Performance Elastomers High Performance Sealing Technology Extensive range of top quality materials State-of-the-art test & development laboratories Customer & international specific approvals – including Norsok M-710 No-compromise policy for compound formulation & mixing FR25/90 (page 25) Now with NORSOK M-710 qualification

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G Extensive range of top quality materials G State-of-the-art test & development laboratories G Customer & international specific approvals – including Norsok M-710 G No-compromise policy for compound formulation & mixing High Performance Sealing Technology FR25/90 Now with (page 25) qualification

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Page 1: High performance elastomers

High Performance Elastomers

High Performance Sealing Technology

l Extensive range of top qualitymaterials

l State-of-the-art test & developmentlaboratories

l Customer & international specificapprovals – including Norsok M-710

l No-compromise policy forcompound formulation & mixing

FR25/90(page 25) Now with

NORSOKM-710

qualification

Page 2: High performance elastomers

High performance elastomers

For more details or a quotation, call your local contact shown on rear cover or listed at www.jameswalker.biz2

Introduction

James Walker’s high performanceelastomers are relied upon worldwideby customers who need top qualitymaterials that are validated and provento operate reliably:

l At extremes of temperature.l In chemically aggressive and

abrasive environments.l Under explosive decompression

(ED) conditions.l To tight performance specifications.l Where failure could have significant

safety, environmental or financialimplications.

Contents

P3 Elastomer development and productionNo-compromise philosophy

P4 Production facilitiesP5 Materials

Compounding; Nitrile NBR; Hydrogenated nitrile HNBRP6 Fluoroelastomer FKM; Tetrafluoroethylene/propylene FEPM;

Perfluoroelastomers FFKM;Elastomer/fabric/plastic/metal composites

P7 Basics of materials technologyHardness; Tensile strength; Elongation at break; Modulus; Tear strength;Compression set and Stress relaxation

P8 Fluid compatibility; Abrasion resistance P9 Air ageing; Wear; Low temperature behaviour; Low temperature testing

Industry test methods for elastomersP10 Explosive decompression

Materials developmentP11 Explosive decompression test procedures; AssessmentP12 High performance elastomer rangesP13 Chemical compatibility – basic guideP14 Material data sheets – for a selection of our ‘flagship’ grades

AF69/90P15 AF71/80P16 AF85/90P17 Chem-O-Lion® 180P18 Elast-O-Lion® 101P19 Elast-O-Lion® 180P20 Elast-O-Lion® 280P21 Elast-O-Lion® 380P22 Elast-O-Lion® 985P23 EP18/H/75P24 FR10/80P25 FR25/90P26 FR44/70P27 FR58/90P28 FR64/80P29 LR5781P30 LR5853/90P31 LR6316/75P32 NL56/70P33 NM86/80LFP34 PB80P35 Trademark acknowledgements

Information

We have a range of over 300 generaland high performance elastomers.These play a vital role in the safe andefficient operation of plant andequipment for numerous industrialsectors, including:

l Oil and gasl Defencel Aerospacel Marinel Metallurgicall Power generationl Chemical processing.

Applications range from oilfieldwellhead equipment to ejector seats inmilitary aircraft; nuclear flasks to hotsteel rolling mills; submarineperiscopes to the blade roots ofhydroelectric turbines.

In each case, a James Walker materialwas selected because it provides bestvalue in terms of performance, qualityand working life.

Critical inspection of elastomeric mouldingswith state-of-the-art optical measuring

system.

Seals manufactured with high performanceelastomers.

Page 3: High performance elastomers

James Walker in action

3For more details or a quotation, call your local contact shown on rear cover or listed at www.jameswalker.biz 3

Elastomer development andproduction

James Walker has worked at the forefrontof materials technology since the 1880s.We claim unrivalled experience in thedesign, development and manufacture ofa wide range of elastomers.

Natural rubber to syntheticsWhen the only generally availableelastomer was natural rubber, wesuccessfully optimised its mechanicalstrength and heat resistant properties.

The arrival of synthetic rubbers, such asnitrile (NBR) and polychloroprene (CR)enhanced performance to a degree –particularly in chemical resistance. Butmaximum service temperatures stillremained around 120°C (250°F).

It was not until the mid-1950s that the firsttruly high performance elastomers weredeveloped with the advent offluoroelastomers – the original typesbeing a dipolymer of vinylidene fluorideand chlorotrifluoroethylene. These weresoon followed by a new fluoroelastomer(FKM), a dipolymer of vinylidene fluorideand hexafluoropropylene.

Terpolymers and tetrapolymers were thendeveloped, providing increased chemicaland temperature resistance for extremesof fluid sealing duties.

Since that time, a wide range of otherelastomers including hydrogenated nitriles(HNBR), perfluoroelastomers (FFKM) andtetrafluoroethylene/propylene (FEPM)based elastomers have been introduced.

Constant developmentOur materials development programmescontinue unceasingly. The aim is to raiseperformance parameters and providereliable service in increasingly hostile anddemanding environments.

With unplanned downtime unacceptableto industry, it is of paramount importancethat customers can depend totally on theintegrity and reliability of our products.

To help us to meet these needs, in 2004we opened our new Materials TechnologyCentre at Cockermouth in Cumbria. Thiscontains one of the world’s mostadvanced elastomer research, test andprototyping facilities.

Elastomer productionOur Materials Technology Centre alsohouses our fully automated state-of-the-art internal mixer for the full-scaleprecision compounding of over 300elastomer grades.

Batches of compound are subjected torigorous testing and statistical processcontrol (SPC), before being convertedinto a final product using a variety of themost advanced manufacturing techniquescurrently available.

No-compromise philosophy

Each polymer type covered in this guidehas its distinct advantages in certainareas of application. With our expertise,we can compound these base polymersinto elastomers to cater for the vastmajority of applications.

We use only the highest quality rawmaterials, sourced from reputablesuppliers, to rigorous specifications andwith quality chain traceability.

These ingredients are carefullycompounded to give the optimumproperties that our customers require.

In our view, the elastomer componentwithin an assembly is usually the leastexpensive part: so why compromise onquality?

It is easy to dilute expensive, specialisedmaterials with cheaper ingredients tolower the cost of the final compound – orto add large quantities of process aids toease production. This is NOT ourpractice as it leads to impaired productperformance.

Seal manufacturing.

Elastomer processing at our Materials Technology Centre.

Page 4: High performance elastomers

Production facilities

For more details or a quotation, call your local contact shown on rear cover or listed at www.jameswalker.biz4

Our manufacturing plants for theproduction of high-precisionelastomeric components are amongstthe most advanced in the world.

In addition to moulding plants in theUK and USA, we have numerous otherproduction facilities sited around theglobe. Together, these enable us toprovide industries at all levels with topquality engineered solutions to theirfluid sealing problems and precisionmoulding requirements.

Our range of techniques and extensiveplant give us total flexibility ofmanufacture. This enables us to selectthe correct production route for each ofthe vastly different types, sizes andquantities of elastomeric components ourcustomers need.

In addition, with our Express Service, wecan meet the most urgent demands ofindustry on a worldwide basis – to helpbring equipment swiftly back on line.

In-house elastomeric production facilitiesinclude:

l Compression moulding up to 2.2m(87-inch) diameter in a single operation– with one of the biggest presses forprecision moulding in Europe.

l Vacuum moulding up to 2m (79-inch)diameter in a single operation.

l Special mould-joining technique forproducing elastomeric components tounlimited diameter.

l Injection moulding up to 500mm(20-inch) diameter.

l Transfer moulding.l Extrusion processes, for continuous

and batch production.l Elastomer impregnation of fabrics and

fibres for the production of specialisedcomposite materials.

l CNC centre for precision machining ofelastomers and engineering plastics.

l Rubber-to-metal bonding – with acidetch, phosphating and chemicalcleaning of metal surfaces to achieveoptimum bond strength.

State-of-the-art chemical treatment line prepares metal surfaces fortop quality rubber-to-metal bonding.

Compression moulding to 2.2m diameter.

Extrusion process.

Vacuum moulding to 2m diameter.

Page 5: High performance elastomers

Materials

5For more details or a quotation, call your local contact shown on rear cover or listed at www.jameswalker.biz 5

Materials

The description of materials in thissection is at a generic level. Forspecific details of James Walker’s‘flagship’ grades see pages 14 to 34.

It is important to recognise that a basepolymer can only be made into anengineering elastomer through theaddition of a multitude of compoundingchemicals. It is the nature andcombination of these chemicals thatultimately defines the characteristics ofan elastomer.

CompoundingWith our long experience ofcompounding – enhanced by our state-of-the-art Materials Technology Centre– we design, develop and produce allour high-performance elastomers in-house. We do not rely on third partiesfor any part of this process, andtherefore our quality chain is greatlysimplified.

Although many manufacturers basetheir compounds and seals on thesame generic polymer type, theresulting compounds and seals maynot offer optimised long-term sealing.

In excess of 20 classes ofcompounding ingredients currentlyexist. These range from reinforcingfillers, curatives, accelerators,protectants, bonding promoters,coupling agents and fire retardants,through to extenders and process aids– enabling an almost infinite variety ofgrades to be compounded.

Nitrile, NBR Nitrile rubber is the most widely usedindustrial elastomer. It provides good,general purpose, oil resistant materialsthat are less expensive than morecomplex high performance elastomers.

Nitrile grades are produced by theemulsion copolymerisation of butadieneand acrylonitrile. Commercially availablegrades of nitrile polymer – there arehundreds of them – differ from oneanother in three main respects:acrylonitrile content, polymerisationtemperature and Mooney viscosity.

The acrylonitrile content has by far themost profound effect on the properties ofvulcanised nitrile rubber, influencing suchcharacteristics as oil resistance and lowtemperature flexibility.

Hydrogenated nitrile, HNBR/HSNHydrogenated nitrile is derived fromconventional nitrile. It is produced by aprocess that hydrogenates theunsaturation (carbon double bonds) inthe butadiene unit of the polymer. Thesematerials have the excellent oil/fuelresistance of NBR elastomers, combinedwith superior mechanical properties,improved chemical resistance, betterweatherability, better thermal capabilityand outstanding abrasion resistance.

(Note: Although nitrile is not considered ahigh performance elastomer per se, it isincluded here because it is still the mostwidely used oil resistant elastomer.)

Advantages: Good aliphatic hydrocarbon oil/fuelresistance; resilience.

Limitations: Limited weathering resistance;modest temperature resistance.

Typical temperature range: –30°C to +120°C(–22°F to +250°F).

Notes: Main general purpose seal: LT gradesdown to –50°C (–58°F).

Nitrile (NBR)

Advantages: Good oil/fuel and chemicalresistance; good weathering resistance, excellentmechanical properties inc. TS, tear, modulus,E@B and abrasion; wide temperature range; canbe compounded for excellent ED resistance.

Limitations: Limited resistance to aromatics.

Typical temperature range: –40°C to +160°C, or+180°C in oil (–40°F to +320°F, or +356°F in oil).

Notes: Special grades can be sulphur cured fordynamic applications but Tmax falls.

Hydrogenated Nitrile (HNBR/HSN)

Page 6: High performance elastomers

Materials

For more details or a quotation, call your local contact shown on rear cover or listed at www.jameswalker.biz6

development; however, synergy betweenmonomer units has resulted in a veryuseful, if specialised material.

The compounds are capable of very highoperating temperatures in steam, butstiffen rapidly below 5°C (41°F), and arenot suited to high temperature cycling.They exhibit the best radiation resistanceof all elastomers.

Advantages: Excellent ozone/weatheringresistance; good heat resistance.

Limitations: Limited resistance to steam, hotwater, and other polar fluids.

Typical temperature range: –20°C to +230°C(–4°F to +446°F).

Notes: Properties vary significantly with type.LT grades work down to –30°C (–22°F).

Fluoroelastomer (FKM)e.g. Viton®, DyneonTM, Tecnoflon®

Advantages: Excellent ozone/weatheringresistance; good heat resistance; excellentresistance to steam and radiation; good overallchemical resistance.

Limitations: High compression set; high Tg;difficult to process.

Typical temperature range: +260°C (+500°F) insteam; other media +5°C to +200°C (+41°F to+392°F).

Notes: Poor extrusion resistance especially athigh temperatures.

Aflas® (FEPM)

Fluoroelastomer, FKM Fluoroelastomers offer excellentresistance to oils, fuels, mineral andsynthetic lubricants, aliphatic andaromatic hydrocarbons, many mineralacids and a vast range of other fluids.

Thermal and chemical resistance arefunctions of fluorine level and curesystem (although imprudentcompounding can make the bestelastomers mediocre).

There are a number of families offluoroelastomer containing two (di), three(ter), four (tetra) or five (penta) components.Special cure site monomers (CSM) can beincluded to enhance specific properties andsome grades have low temperatureenhancing monomers. Fluorine contentranges from 65% to over 70%.

There is also a special grade based onViton® ExtremeTM. This adds excellentresistance to highly caustic solutions andamines to the already wide chemicalcompatibilities of fluoroelastomers.

Advantages: Ultimate in terms of heat andchemical resistance.

Limitations: Modest mechanical propertiesespecially at elevated temperatures; veryexpensive.

Typical temperature range: Grades available forranges from –25°C ( –13°F) to +327°C (+620°F)

Advantages: Ultimate in terms of heat andchemical resistance.

Limitations: Modest mechanical propertiesespecially at elevated temperatures; veryexpensive.

Typical temperature range: Grades available forranges from –25°C ( –13°F) to +327°C (+620°F).

Perfluoroelastomer (FFKM)

Perfluoroelastomers, FFKM (eg, Kalrez®)These compounds contain fullyfluorinated polymer chains and henceoffer the ultimate performance ofelastomers when considering heat andchemical resistance.

Some grades are suitable for continuoususe at 327°C (620°F) with chemicalresistance being almost universal. However,the moderate mechanical propertiesdeteriorate rapidly at elevated temperature.

Elastomer/fabric/plastic/metalcompositesOur intimate knowledge of materialsscience enables us to design engineeredsolutions to fluid sealing problems usinga diverse range of elastomer-basedcomposites.

Elastomer proofed (solution-coated)fabrics offer the ideal material where highstrength flexible products are needed –typically to resist extrusion. Fabricsinclude cotton; glass; nylon; polyester;aramid and metallic – which are selectedaccording to mechanical, thermal andchemical operating conditions.

Engineering plastics, such as nylon,PTFE, PEEK™ or PEP, are used toenhance the chemical, mechanical orfrictional properties of an elastomericsealing product. This is achieved bysleeving or coating an elastomer item, orby incorporating specially designedplastic parts into a seal assembly.

For many high performance sealingapplications it is necessary for anelastomer to be bonded to a metalcomponent. James Walker has developedsophisticated techniques to achieve anintimate bond of very high strengthbetween the majority of availableelastomers and metal substrates.

Tetrafluoroethylene/propylenecopolymers, FEPM (eg, Aflas®)These are usually recognised by the tradename Aflas®, and have base polymers thatdiffer in viscosity and molecular weight.

The compounds have resistance to oils,lubricants and some fuels approaching thatof fluoroelastomer dipolymers. In addition,they exhibit excellent resistance to steam,amines, bases and hydrogen sulphide.

Fluorine content is around 56%, which mayappear a retrograde step in fluoroelastomer

Page 7: High performance elastomers

Basics of materials technology

7For more details or a quotation, call your local contact shown on rear cover or listed at www.jameswalker.biz 7

Elastomers are arguably the mostversatile of engineering materials. Theybehave very differently from plasticsand metals, particularly in the way theydeform and recover under load.

Unlike plastics and metals, elastomerscan undergo high tensile andcompressive strains and return to theiroriginal shape (virtually). This makesthem particularly useful in sealingapplications where there is the need to‘stretch fit’ sealing elements or forthem to undergo high strains duringuse.

(IRHD) and Shore A. These scales areequivalent except at high hardness (>95)and low hardness (<40).

Harder materials tend to resist flow moreeffectively, are more resistant to extrusion,and generally have lower coefficients offriction than softer ones. On the otherhand, soft elastomers conform more easilyand so give a faster sealing response.

Tensile strengthThis is a measure of the stress requiredto rupture a standard test piece. Tensilestrength is a useful quality control tool tomonitor inter-batch consistency.

It does not however give any indication ofextrusion resistance. Temperature has amarked effect on the strength propertiesof elastomers – whether tensile, tear orcompressive.

Room temperature testing rarely gives anaccurate indication of the strength atelevated temperature. For example, at100°C (212°F) some elastomers retain only10% of their room temperature strength.

Elongation at breakThis refers to the elongation (percentagestrain) measured at the point of rupture. Ahigh value is important if substantialstretching is required during fitting – andalso in applications where seals areenergised across relatively large gaps.

ModulusIn elastomer terminology this is defined asthe stress at a particular strain orelongation (in metals it is the ratio of stressand strain as this is a linear relationship).Modulus tends to increase with hardness,with higher modulus materials, in themain, being more resistant to deformationand extrusion – see following figure.

Tear strengthAs the name suggests this is a measure ofthe resistance of a material to tearing. Lowtear strength indicates that the elastomerwill be vulnerable to nicks and cracks thatcould propagate catastrophically.

High tear strength is important whenseals come into contact with sharp edgeson assembly. It is also a requirement ofexplosive decompression (ED) resistantmaterials.

Compression set and Stress relaxationIn any seal, at a constant temperature, amechanically loaded elastomer will exhibittime dependent relaxation.

If the seal is subsequently unloaded, theelastomer will recover towards its originalshape to an extent defined by chemicaland physical degradation. Suchrelaxation and recovery phenomena aredetermined primarily by the visco-elasticnature of elastomers and by the chemicalreactions that occur between the materialand the environment.

Compression set is widely used forassessing recovery. Standard methodsrequire a compressed sample to beexposed for a fixed time, at a fixedtemperature, and then allowed to recover(generally for 30 minutes) at roomtemperature.

Compression set is expressed as thepercentage of the original deformation notrecovered after this recovery period: 0%indicating full recovery, 100% indicating norecovery. It should be noted that manytypes of elastomer recover more quickly atelevated temperatures; therefore the test isused primarily as a quality control tool,although high compression set is notconducive to long term sealability.

Compression set is highest at theextremes of an elastomer’s operatingcapability – at high temperatures becauseof chemical degradation and at lowtemperatures because of physicalstiffening and ‘freezing’.

The direct measurement of stressrelaxation is more difficult, requiringsophisticated equipment and complextechniques, and as such it is not astandard test for elastomers.

Figure 1 – Volume expansion vs. temperature for various Elast-O-Lions

(reference volume of 1 at 73°F/23°C)

Stress, σ(MPa, psi)

Strain, ε (ratio or %)

Met

al

Elastomer

Slope = Young’s Modulus

Modulus = stress at any given strain

Tensile, elongation, modulus.

Material testing laboratory.

HardnessThe hardness of an elastomer ismeasured using an indenter that ispushed into the sample with a knownforce. The scale that measures hardnessis calibrated to 100 if no penetrationoccurs: eg, on a glass surface.

Two scales are in common use:International Rubber Hardness Degrees

Page 8: High performance elastomers

Basics of materials technology

For more details or a quotation, call your local contact shown on rear cover or listed at www.jameswalker.biz8

parameter; and δP, a dipole momentparameter. The interaction of complexfluids can be predicted by:

δ = VA δA + VB δB + VC δC …

where VA, VB, and VC are the volumefractions of fluid constituents A, B and C,and δA, δB and δC their individual solubilityparameters.

The effect of high volume swell is todegrade physical properties such astensile strength, modulus and tearstrength and to soften the elastomer. Thiscan lead to seal damage due to extrusionbetween metal parts, among other things.

In general, volume swells greater than20% have a negative effect, whilst lowerlevels of swell can benefit by increasingor maintaining sealing contact stress.

Occasionally, elastomer shrinkage isobserved which occurs as a result ofconstituents within the elastomer – suchas process aids, plasticisers andprotective systems – being leached out.This is rare, but can cause loss of sealinterference, increase of hardness,system contamination, and a reduction inthe ageing characteristics of the material.

ii) Chemical interaction: There are manychemical species which causedegradation to elastomeric compounds,by attacking either the polymer itself orcertain of the compounding ingredients.

The degradation as may be caused, forexample by water and amines, isirreversible. It is often seen as sealhardening or softening, increasedcompression set, cracking and, in themost extreme cases, dissolution. Suchdegradation is often highly dependent onexposure temperature both in terms ofthe reaction initiating in the first place andthen the rate at which the reactionproceeds.

Laboratory tests may not provide a trueindication of reaction potential orelastomer compatibility, particularly ifperformed at reduced temperatures orexposure times.

Abrasion resistanceAbrasion damage can occur because ofdynamic motion against an abrasivecounterface, or because the sealedenvironment is intrinsically abrasive andeither passes across or impinges uponthe seal.

Standard abrasion tests depend onproducing relative motion between arubber sample and an abrasive surface,pressed together by a predeterminedforce. Unfortunately, such test results donot correlate particularly well withapplication experience – or each other!

Machines in national standards include:

i) The Akron Machine (referred to in BSISO 4649), where a rubber disc isrotated so as to drive by its edge anabrasive wheel; the two being pressedtogether by a constant force. Theabrasive action is produced by tilting theplane of the disc relative to the wheel.

ii) The National Bureau of StandardsMachine (ASTM D1630), where a rubbertest block is pressed by constant forceagainst a rotating cylinder.

iii) The Conti Machine (DIN ISO 4649)which is similar to (ii) but the testblock is traversed slowly along thelength of the cylinder so as not to

Fluid compatibilityFluids affect elastomers in two ways:i) Physical interaction such as swellingii) Chemical interaction.

i) Physical interaction: The effects of thephysical interaction of fluids – andremember that elastomers are fluids – isnormally observed as the swelling of anelastomer through fluid absorption fromits environment. It is generally reversible.

The magnitude of the effect variesdepending on the environmental fluid, theelastomer and the temperature, and itreflects the readiness with which theelastomer and its surroundings mix (ie,the relative magnitudes of the solubilityparameters of the two components).

Solubility parameter (δ) is athermodynamic property that is related tothe energy of attraction betweenmolecules. Thus if a fluid has a solubilityparameter close to that of an elastomerthen attraction (and mixing potential) willbe high and high volume swell will result.

The level of volume swell will decrease asthe difference in solubility parametersbetween an elastomer and its environmentincreases. It might be useful to rememberthe chemist’s adage: ‘like swells like’. Fluidviscosity also has a significant effect.

Solubility parameter (δ) is defined as:

δ = (cohesive energy density)

which is a function of δH, a hydrogenbonding parameter; δD, a dispersion force

Valve stem rig.

P-Seal, Springsele®, Teesele® rig.

Page 9: High performance elastomers

Basics of materials technology

9For more details or a quotation, call your local contact shown on rear cover or listed at www.jameswalker.biz 9

pass repeatedly over the sameabrasive surface. This procedureavoids loss of ‘cutting power’ andclogging of the abrasive media withdetritus.

iv) The Pico Machine (ASTM D2228)which abrades by means of knives ofcontrolled geometry and sharpness.

It is sometimes wrongly believed that tensilestrength is related to abrasion resistanceand, whilst a high tensile strengthcompound can have good abrasionresistance, the converse can also be true.

Abrasion resistance is related more topolymer type and the nature/level ofcompounding ingredient used. Highmodulus and high tear strength can bebetter correlated to abrasion resistancebut the relationships are not definitive.

the characteristics of glass, includinghardness, stiffness and brittleness. In thisstate they do not behave in the readilydeformable manner usually associatedwith elastomers and, as such, are of littleuse as sealing materials.

As temperatures are raised, the segmentsof the polymer chain gain sufficientenergy to rotate and vibrate. At highenough temperatures full segmentalrotation is possible and the materialbehaves in the characteristic rubbery way.

For the purposes of this guide, the glasstransition temperature (Tg), which hasbeen defined in many ways, will beconsidered to be that temperature wherefull segmental movement becomesrestricted (ie, the onset of stiffening). Thisis also the temperature at which thecoefficient of thermal expansion starts tochange.

Above Tg, the motion of chain segments,characteristic of the rubbery state,requires more free volume than theatomic vibrations in the glassy state.(It should be noted that an intermediatestate exists, the ‘leathery phase’, wherefree volume reduces and the elastomerexhibits increasingly sluggish behaviouras brittleness is approached.)

According to conventional theory, the freevolume of an elastomer is constant at anyparticular temperature. This is whyrubber, for all intents and purposes, isconsidered to be incompressible (ie, thevolume of a piece of rubber will notchange regardless of any deformingforce, although the shape will change).

It is here that conventional theory breaksdown when considering high appliedpressures, because the free volume canbe reduced. This manifests itself as a Tg shift which, as a rule-of-thumb, is of theorder of 1°C for every 52bar (1.8°F per750psi) of applied pressure. There ishowever a pressure threshold where theintermolecular forces resist the tendencyto a free volume reduction. (This will notbe quantified here and the rule-of-thumbassumed to hold true for all pressures.)

Tg is often more practically measured bymonitoring torsion modulus or

temperature retraction, with decreasingtemperatures.

Low temperature testingTorsion modulus: Also known as theGehman test, this is used to measure thetorsion modulus by twisting a strip testpiece – at room temperature and severalreduced temperatures – to give a temperature-modulus curve. The result isoften quoted as the temperatures atwhich the modulus is two, five, ten or 50times the value at room temperature.

However, a more useful measure – asmentioned in BS903 Pt A13 – is thetemperature at which the modulusincreases to a predetermined value,normally 70MPa (10,153psi), whichcorresponds to the loss of technicallyuseful flexibility.

Temperature retraction: This test iscarried out by elongating a test specimenand freezing it in the elongated position.The specimen is then allowed to retractfreely whilst the temperature is slowlyraised at a uniform rate. The percentageretraction can be calculated at anytemperature from the data obtained.

In practice, the temperature correspondingto 30% retraction (TR30) roughly correlatesto the limit of useful flexibility.

Industry test methods forelastomers

Note: BS, ISO and DIN standards areundergoing a long process of integration andstandards are therefore liable to change.

StandardTest

ASTM ISO BS DIN

Abrasion D2228 4649 ISO 4649 ISO 46

Air ageing D573 188 ISO 188 53508

Compression set D395 815 903-A6 ISO 815

Density D792 2781 903-A1EN ISO1183-1

Elongation D412 37 ISO 37 53504

Effect of liquids D471 1817 ISO 1817 ISO 1817

Hardness, IRHD D1415 48 ISO 48 ISO 48

Hardness, Shore D2240 7619-1 53505

LT modulus D1053 1432 903-A13 53548

Modulus D412 37 ISO 37 53504

Stress relaxation D1646 3384 ISO 3384 ISO 3384

Tear strength D624 34-1 ISO 34-1 ISO 34-1

Temp retraction D1329 2921 ISO 2921

Tensile strength D412 37 ISO 37 53504

Air ageingExposure to forced air or oxygen richenvironments at elevated temperaturescan cause gradual loss of mechanicalproperties. Many of these changes occurat a molecular level and are irreversible.They include chain and/or crosslinkscission, crosslink formation andcrosslink translocation.

WearWear is a common form of failure indynamic applications, although it canoccur in static applications if pressurecycling causes the seal to move aroundin the groove. Wear is dependent on suchfactors as surface finish, lubrication,temperature and media.

Low temperature behaviourWhen elastomers are cooled tosufficiently low temperatures they exhibit

Rotary testing of elastomeric seals.

Page 10: High performance elastomers

Explosive decompression

For more details or a quotation, call your local contact shown on rear cover or listed at www.jameswalker.biz10

Although explosive decompression(ED) is a phenomenon generally foundin the oil and gas industry, it can beexperienced in any application wherethere is a rapid drop in gas pressure.

ED damage has been noted in sealingapplications ranging from paint gunsand fire extinguishers to marine sterngland seals and systems containingrefrigerants.

Explosive decompression damage isstructural failure in the form of blistering,internal cracking and splits caused whenthe gas pressure, to which the seal isexposed, is rapidly reduced from high tolow.

The elastomeric components of a systemare, to a greater or lesser extent,susceptible to the permeation anddiffusion of gases dissolving in theirsurface. With time, these components willbecome saturated with whatever gasesare in the system.

Under these conditions – as long as theinternal gas pressure of the elastomerremains at equilibrium with the ambientpressure – there is minimal damage, ifany, and no deterioration in performanceof the elastomeric component occurs(unless caused by other factors such aschemical or thermal degradation or byextrusion damage).

When the external gas pressure isremoved or pressure fluctuations occur,large pressure gradients are createdbetween the interior and the surface ofthe elastomeric component. Thispressure differential may be balanced bythe gas simply diffusing/permeating outof the elastomer, especially if any externalconstraints are not removed.

However, if the physical properties of theelastomeric compound cannot resistcrack and blister growth during thepermeation process, then structuralfailure is the inevitable result.

Explosive decompression damage canmanifest itself in various ways as shownin the photograph – anything frominternal splits that are not visible on thesurface of the seal to surface blisters,fractures and complete fragmentation.

Materials developmentIn order to overcome many of theproblems associated with high pressuregas systems, we have conductedintensive materials developmentprogrammes over the last 20 years.

We offer five standard grades of EDresistant elastomer, all of which havebeen extensively validated in-house.Theyare tested, approved and specified byoilfield operators and equipmentmanufacturers alike.

The formulation, mixing, quality control andprocessing of these compounds isrigorously controlled and today they arerated by many as the benchmarks bywhich all others are judged. Although eachof these compounds has a broad rangeof application capability, their particularfeatures are as follows:

l FR58/90 – A fluoroelastomer (FKM)with excellent chemical and thermalproperties, plus ED resistance inhydrocarbon applications. It isapproved and specified by many oilproducers and equipmentmanufacturers.

l FR25/90 – This fluoroelastomer (FKM)combines an improved lowtemperature capability with excellentthermal and chemical properties. It isED resistant in hydrocarbonapplications.

l Elast-O-Lion® 101 – An hydrogenatednitrile (HNBR) grade with highmechanical strength and wear resistantproperties. It has good resistance tomany oilfield chemicals including H2Sand amine corrosion inhibitors. It isresistant to explosive decompressionand is approved to many EDspecifications.

l Elast-O-Lion® 985 – This hydrogenatednitrile (HNBR) grade offers improved lowtemperature capacity, but with reducedmechanical properties and EDresistance compared to Elast-O-Lion101.

l AF69/90 – An Aflas® (FEPM) based EDresistant grade with excellent resistanceto oilfield media and steam.

Normal ‘O’ rings after explosivedecompression.

Page 11: High performance elastomers

Explosive decompression

11For more details or a quotation, call your local contact shown on rear cover or listed at www.jameswalker.biz 11

James Walker’s explosivedecompression test proceduresValidation testing requires carefulconsideration if the data generated are tobe used as an effective means ofpredicting a material or seal performanceor service life. Incorrect procedures cangive rise to false comparisons of materialsand lead to erroneous material and sealselection being made for an application.

The general procedure developed atJames Walker is as follows (using the testfixture shown in the photograph below):

Temperature: 100°C (212°F)Pressure: 138bar (2002psi)Media: CH4 (CO2, N2 or mixtures)Seal size: AS568-329 (or other)Groove fill: 83% (nominal)Compression: 14% (nominal)

i) Heat rig to test temperature.ii) Apply test pressure.iii) Soak seals at temperature and

pressure for minimum of 72 hours.iv) Decompress instantaneously.v) Repressurise; soak at temperature

and pressure for 1.5 hours.vi) Decompress instantaneously.vii) Repeat steps v) and vi) 18 further

times with a minimum of 1 hoursoaking (ie, 20 decompressions intotal) over a four day period,monitoring pressure/leakagethroughout.

viii) After final cycle purge with nitrogento evacuate remaining gas mixture.

ix) Soak seals at test temperature innitrogen for 24 hours.

AssessmentPressure/leakage is monitoredcontinuously throughout testing (viapressure gauges and OVA/sonic leakdetection). Each of the eight seals testedis visually examined externally and,additionally, cut into four sections wherethe seals are examined and rankedaccording to the following criteria:

0 = No internal cracks, holes or blistersof any size.

1 = Less than four internal cracks; eachshorter than 50% of cross section,with a total crack length less thanthe cross section.

2 = Less than six internal cracks; eachshorter than 50% of the crosssection, with a total crack length ofless than 2.5 times the cross section.

3 = Less than nine internal cracks, ofwhich a maximum of two cracks canhave a length between 50% and 80%of the cross section.

4 = More than eight cracks; or one ormore cracks longer than 80% of thecross section.

5 = One or more cracks through thecross section, or completeseparation of the seal into fragments.

The data obtained from these tests areused to compare and validatecommecially available compounds and asan aid to the development of new andimproved materials.

Close up of eight-flange test rig.

James Walker’s eight-flange explosivedecompression test rigs.

Page 12: High performance elastomers

High performance elastomer ranges

For more details or a quotation, call your local contact shown on rear cover or listed at www.jameswalker.biz12

Polymer Hardness *TemperatureRange designation description availability capability Property profile

IRHD °C (°F)

Fluoroelastomer

FR10/- - FKM di 50,60,70,80,90 –18 to +200 (0 to +392) General purpose, low compression set grades

FR17/- - FKM ter 65,75,80,90,95 –12 to +210 (+10 to +410) General purpose; improved fuel resistance to FR10/–

FR25/- - FKM tetra LT 70,80,90 –30 to +200 (–22 to +392) Low temperature grades; FR25/90 has excellent ED resistance

FR44/- - FKM di 50,60,70,80,90 –18 to +200 (0 to +392) General purpose; low compression set; green in colour

FR58/- - FKM ter 90,98 –12 to +210 (+10 to +410) Special ED resistant grades; many oilfield approvals

FR64/- - FKM di 70,80 –18 to +200 (0 to +392) Specially compounded for steam/water applications

FR66/- - FKM ter 80 –12 to +205 (+10 to +401) Developed for rotary seals with complex profiles; green

LR5781 FKM ter 75 –12 to +205 (+10 to +401) Developed for rotary seals with complex profiles

LR5853/- - FKM tetra 80,90 0 to +230 (+32 to +446) High fluorine content; excellent fluid resistance

LR6316/- - FKM tetra LT 75,90 –29 to +205 (–20 to +401) High fluorine content; low temperature grades

LR6410/- - FKM tetra 60,80 –1 to +205 (+30 to +401) High fluorine content; for complex profiles

Hydrogenated nitrile

Elast-O-Lion® 100 series Medium ACN 70,80,90 –25 to +160 (–13 to +320) E-O-L 101 is ED resistant grade operating to +180°C

Elast-O-Lion® 200 series High ACN 70,80,90 –10 to +150 (+14 to+302) Improved hydrocarbon resistance: E-O-L 201 has excellent ED resistance

Elast-O-Lion® 300 series Ultra high ACN 70,80,90 –5 to +150 (+23 to +302) Improved fuel and flex–fuel resistance: E-O-L 301 has excellent ED resistance

Elast-O-Lion® 800 series Medium ACN 60,70,80,90 –25 to +125 (–13 to +257) For large section mouldings and extruded profiles

Elast-O-Lion® 900 series Low ACN 55,65,75,85 –40 to +160 (–40 to +320) Special low temperature grades; E-O-L 985 is ED resistant

Aflas®

AF69/- - High MW 70,80,90 +5 to +205 (+41 to +401) AF69/90 is ED resistant; used only for simple profiles

AF71/- - Medium MW 70,80,90 +5 to +205 (+41 to +401) Low compression set grade for ‘O’ rings

AF85/- - Low MW 70,80,90 +5 to +205 (+41 to +401) General purpose; extrusion resistant

Perfluoroelastomer

Chem-O-Lion® Special 60,80 –10 to +205 (+14 to +401) Exceptional fluid resistance

Kalrez® See separate literature – available on request

Miscellaneous

NL56/- - “Low” ACN 50,70,80,90 –50 to +110 (–58 to +230) Very low temperature grades

NM86/- -LF “Medium” ACN 70,80,90 –29 to +120 (–20 to +248) Low friction grade

PB- - “Medium” ACN 60,70,80,90 –25 to +110 (–13 to +230) High quality general purpose nitrile

EP18/H/- - EPM 65,75 –40 to +120 (–40 to +248) Capable of +180°C in saturated steam

* Minimum operating temperatures stated relate to the onset of stiffening. Brittleness will occur at up to 22°C (40°F) below this point and in many casescapability is down to this temperature. High pressure causes an increase in stiffening temperature. If in doubt, please consult our Technical Services Team.

Elastomer compounds displaying these symbols (see material data sheets), are compliant with or where required, approved to the relevant specificationsand tests.

JAMES WALKERPDE 4/20/ED2004

NORSOKM-710

TOTALGS PW 142 03/01

SHELL DODEP02.01B.03.02

JAMES WALKERPDE 4/20/ED2004

NORSOKM-710

TOTALGS PW 142 03/01

SHELL DODEP02.01B.03.02

JAMES WALKERPDE 4/20/ED2004

NORSOKM-710

TOTALGS PW 142 03/01

SHELL DODEP02.01B.03.02

JAMES WALKERPDE 4/20/ED2004

NTOTALGS PW 142 03/01

S

Page 13: High performance elastomers

Key to suitability:

1 = Excellent2 = Good3 = Consult us4 = Do not use

Aldehydes (general) 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 2 2 2 2 2 3 1 3 3 1

Amines (general) 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 3

Crude oil 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 3 4

Diesel oil & fuel oil 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 2 1 2 3 4

Engine oils 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 4

Ethers 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 3 4 3

Ethanol 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Ethylene glycols 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Explosive 4 4 4 1 4 4 1 1 2 4 1 2 4 4 4 4 4decompression (ED)

Freon® 11 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 4 4 2 2 2 2 3 3 4

Freon® 12 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 1 1 1 2 1 1 3

Freon® 22 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 1 1 4 4 4 1 4 4 1

Freon® 113 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 4

Freon® 134A 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 2 2 2 1 2 2 1

Gear lubricants (general) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4

Hydrochloric acid, 20% 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 3 3 2

Hydraulic fluids HFD 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 4 4 4 1 4 4 2

Hydraulic fluids HFA 3 3 3 3 2 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 4

Hydraulic fluids HFC 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Hydraulic fluids(mineral oil) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 4

Jet fuels 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4

Ketones (eg, acetone) 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 3

Methanol (pure) 3 3 3 3 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Methanol (with 3% water) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4

Mineral oils (general) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 4

Natural gas 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4

Nitric acid, 65% 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 1 4 4 4

Petrol (unleaded) 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 3 4

Phosphate ester (aliphatic) 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 4 4 4 1 4 4 1

Phosphate ester (aromatic) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 4 4 4 1 4 4 2

Radiation 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 3 3 3 2 4 4 1

Silicone oils (general) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Sodium hydroxide (caustic),4 4 4 4 3 3 4 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 3 3 125%

Sodium hypochlorite, 2 2 2 2 3 3 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2(bleach), 20%

Steam 4 2 3 3 3 2 3 1 1 1 3 3 3 1 4 4 1

Sour oil and gas (5%) 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 2 2 3 2 3 4 4

Sweet oil and gas 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 3 4

Sulphuric acid, 20% 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 1 4 4 4

Toluene 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 4

Transmission fluid (general) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 4

Vegetable oils (general) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4

Water 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Xylene 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 4

13For more details or a quotation, call your local contact shown on rear cover or listed at www.jameswalker.biz 13

Chemical compatibility – basic guide

Note: Due to the complexity of making a material selection for any given duty, this chemical compatibility table is intended only as a very basic guide. A compound compatiblewith a chemical at room temperature may show considerable deterioration at a higher temperature. Likewise, two chemicals that have little effect individually may havesignificant effect when mixed together. We recommend you contact our Technical Services Team for definitive assessment of material compatibility in your application.

FR10

,FR

44ra

nges

FR64

/80

FR17

,FR

66,

LR57

81

FR58

/90

LR58

53,

LR64

10

LR63

16ra

nge

FR25

/90

AF6

9/90

AF8

5/90

AF7

1ra

nge

Ela

st-O

-Lio

n10

1,20

1,30

1

Ela

st-O

-Lio

n98

5

Ela

st-O

-Lio

n80

0ra

nge

Ch

em-O

-Li

on

180

PB

80,

NM

86/8

0LF

NL5

6/70

EP

18/H

/75

Page 14: High performance elastomers

Material data sheets

For more details or a quotation, call your local contact shown on rear cover or listed at www.jameswalker.biz14

AF69/90

General description: AF69/90 is an Aflas® based synthetic rubber, reinforced with carbon black and peroxide cured. It has goodexplosive decompression properties making it ideal for high pressure gas applications.

Chemical compatibility: AF69/90 has resistance to oils, lubricants and some fuels approaching that of fluoroelastomer dipolymers.In addition it exhibits excellent resistance to steam, amines, bases and hydrogen sulphide.

Temperature capability: +5°C (at atmospheric pressure) to +205°C (+41°F to +401°F).

Material data sheet Compound number 804 Revision: 4

Polymer type: FEPM 25/10/2005

Property Unit Value

Hardness IRHD 86Tensile strength (TS) MPa (psi) 23 (3336)Modulus @ 50% elongation MPa (psi) 12.6 (1827)Modulus @ 100% elongation MPa (psi) 21.4 (3104)Elongation at break (E @ B) % 115Low temperature torsion modulus T70 °C (°F) +5 (+41)Compression set: 24 hours @ 175°C (347°F) % 17Compression set: 24 hours @ 200°C (392°F) % 21

Air ageing: 70 hours @ 250°C (482°F)Change in hardness IRHD +2Change in TS % –11Change in E @ B % +5

Fluid immersion testing: Oil No 3 (IRM 903), 70 hours @ 150°C (302°F)Change in hardness IRHD –13Change in TS % –30Change in E @ B % +9Change in volume % +14

Fluid immersion testing: Methanol, 70 hours @ 40°C (104°F)Change in hardness IRHD –3Change in TS % –18Change in E @ B % –8Change in volume % +2

Fluid immersion testing: Water, 70 hours @ 100°C (212°F)Change in hardness IRHD +1Change in TS % –18Change in E @ B % –10Change in volume % +2

TYPICAL PROPERTIES

All tests carried out in accordance with BS standard test methods (see table on page 9).

JAMES WALKERPDE 4/20/ED2004

NORSOKM-710

TOTALGS PW 142 03/01

S

Page 15: High performance elastomers

Material data sheets

15For more details or a quotation, call your local contact shown on rear cover or listed at www.jameswalker.biz 15

AF71/80

General description: AF71/80 is an Aflas® based synthetic rubber, reinforced with carbon black and peroxide cured. AF71/80 is agood ‘O’ ring grade due to its relatively high resistance to compression set.

Chemical compatibility: AF71/80 exhibits resistance to oils, lubricants and some fuels approaching that of fluoroelastomerdipolymers. In addition it exhibits excellent resistance to steam, amines, bases and hydrogen sulphide.

Temperature capability: +5°C (at atmospheric pressure) to +205°C (+41°F to +401°F).

Material data sheet Compound number 807 Revision: 3

Polymer type: FEPM 07/10/05

Property Unit Value

Hardness IRHD 83Tensile strength (TS) MPa (psi) 20 (2248)Modulus @ 50% elongation MPa (psi) 7.8 (1131)Modulus @ 100% elongation MPa (psi) 16 (2321)Elongation at break (E @ B) % 130Low temperature torsion modulus, T70 °C (°F) +5 (+41)Compression set: 24 hours @ 175°C (347°F) % 17Compression set: 24 hours @ 200°C (392°F) % 18

Air ageing: 70 hours @ 250°C (482°F)Change in hardness IRHD +1Change in TS % –17Change in E @ B % +2

Fluid immersion testing: Oil No 3 (IRM 903), 70 hours @ 150°C (302°F)Change in hardness IRHD –9Change in TS % –13Change in E @ B % +7Change in volume % +14

Fluid immersion testing: Methanol, 70 hours @ 40°C (104°F)Change in hardness IRHD –3Change in TS % +7Change in E @ B % +11Change in volume % +1

Fluid immersion testing: Water, 70 hours @ 100°C (212°F)Change in hardness IRHD –2Change in TS % –3Change in E @ B % 1Change in volume % +2

TYPICAL PROPERTIES

All tests carried out in accordance with BS standard test methods (see table on page 9).

Page 16: High performance elastomers

Material data sheets

For more details or a quotation, call your local contact shown on rear cover or listed at www.jameswalker.biz16

AF85/90

General description: AF85/90 is an Aflas® based synthetic rubber, reinforced with carbon black and peroxide cured. AF85/90 is ageneral-purpose, extrusion resistant grade.

Chemical compatibility: AF85/90 exhibits resistance to oils, lubricants and some fuels approaching that of fluoroelastomerdipolymers. In addition it exhibits excellent resistance to steam, amines, bases and hydrogen sulphide.

Temperature capability: +5°C (at atmospheric pressure) to +205°C (+41°F to +400°F).

Material data sheet Compound number 814 Revision: 3

Polymer type: FEPM 27/07/2005

Property Unit Value

Hardness IRHD 91Tensile strength (TS) MPa (psi) 14 (2320)Modulus @ 25% elongation MPa (psi) 6.7 (972)Modulus @ 50% elongation MPa (psi) 10.1 (1465)Elongation at break (E @ B) % 90Low temperature torsion modulus T70 °C (°F) +5 (+41)Compression set: 24 hours @ 175°C (347°F) % 26Compression set: 24 hours @ 200°C (392°F) % 30

Air ageing: 70 hours @ 250°C (482°F)Change in hardness IRHD +1Change in TS % –20Change in E @ B % –16

Fluid immersion testing: Oil No 3 (IRM 903), 70 hours @ 150°C (302°F)Change in hardness IRHD –10Change in TS % –11Change in E @ B % –24Change in volume % +13

Fluid immersion testing: Methanol, 70 hours @ 40°C (104°F)Change in hardness IRHD –2Change in TS % –14Change in E @ B % +3Change in volume % +2

Fluid immersion testing: Water, 70 hours @ 100°C (212°F)Change in hardness IRHD –1Change in TS % –2Change in E @ B % +11Change in volume % +1

TYPICAL PROPERTIES

All tests carried out in accordance with BS standard test methods (see table on page 9).

Page 17: High performance elastomers

Material data sheets

17For more details or a quotation, call your local contact shown on rear cover or listed at www.jameswalker.biz 17

Chem-O-Lion® 180

General description: Chem-O-Lion® 180 is a special compound based on fluorinated polymer, reinforced with carbon black andperoxide cured. It has excellent chemical resistance.

Temperature capability: -10°C (at atmospheric pressure) to +200°C (+14°F to +392°F).

Material data sheet Compound number 790 Revision: 2

Polymer type: Fluorinated polymer 15/11/2004

Property Unit Value

Hardness IRHD 83Tensile strength (TS) MPa (psi) 15.2 (2205)Modulus @ 50% elongation MPa (psi) 4.0 (580)Modulus @ 100% elongation MPa (psi) 9.0 (1305)Elongation at break (E @ B) % 170Compression set: 24 hours @ 200°C (392°F) % 28

Air ageing: 70 hours @ 200°C (392°F)Change in hardness IRHD +2Change in TS % +10Change in E @ B % 0

Air ageing: 70 hours @ 250°C (482°F)Change in hardness IRHD –5Change in TS % –30Change in E @ B % +10

Fluid immersion testing: Liquid B, 70 hours @ 40°C (104°F)Change in hardness IRHD –7Change in TS % –20Change in E @ B % –10Change in volume % +8

Fluid immersion testing: Methanol, 70 hours @ 40°C (104°F)Change in hardness IRHD –2Change in TS % –15Change in E @ B % –25Change in volume % +0.9

Fluid immersion testing: MTBE, 70 hours @ 24°C (75°F)Change in hardness IRHD –8Change in volume % +15

Fluid immersion testing: MEK, 70 hours @ 24°C (75°F) Change in hardness IRHD –13Change in volume % +20

TYPICAL PROPERTIES

All tests carried out in accordance with BS standard test methods (see table on page 9).

Page 18: High performance elastomers

Material data sheets

For more details or a quotation, call your local contact shown on rear cover or listed at www.jameswalker.biz18

Elast-O-Lion® 101

General description: Elast-O-Lion® 101 is a hydrogenated acrylonitrile/butadiene-based synthetic rubber with nominally 36% ACN,reinforced with carbon black and peroxide cured. It has excellent explosive decompression resistance, making it ideal for high-pressure gas applications.

General properties: Elast-O-Lion 101 has the excellent oil/fuel resistance of conventional nitrile (NBR) elastomers, combined withsuperior mechanical properties, improved chemical resistance, better weatherability, better thermal capability and outstandingabrasion resistance.

Temperature capability: -25°C (at atmospheric pressure) to +160°C or +177°C intermittent (–13°F to +320°F, or +350°F intermittent)

Material data sheet Compound number 101 Revision: 3

Polymer type: HNBR 25/10/2005

Property Unit Value

Hardness IRHD 88Tensile strength (TS) MPa (psi) 32 (4641)Modulus @ 50% elongation MPa (psi) 7.4 (1073)Modulus @ 100% elongation MPa (psi) 14.1 (2045)Elongation at break (E @ B) % 220Low temperature torsion modulus T70 °C (°F) –25 (–13)Compression set: 24 hours @ 150°C (302°F) % 21Compression set: 70 hours @ 150°C (302°F) % 32Tear resistance kN/m 41

Air ageing: 70 hours @ 150°C (302°F)Change in hardness IRHD +3Change in TS % –10Change in E @ B % –16

Fluid immersion testing: Oil No 1 (ASTM No 1), 70 hours @ 150°C (302°F)Change in hardness IRHD –1Change in TS % –6Change in E @ B % –4Change in volume % +3

Fluid immersion testing: Oil No 3 (IRM 903), 70 hours @ 150°C (302°F)Change in hardness IRHD –12Change in TS % –6Change in E @ B % +7Change in volume % +18

Fluid immersion testing: Sweet gas [64%C1: 12%C2: 13%C3: 10%N2: 1%CO2], 48 hours @ 80°C (176°F) and 200bar (2901psi)Change in hardness IRHD –12Change in TS % +22Change in E @ B % –11Change in volume % +16

Fluid immersion testing: NACE-A, 5% in water, 28 days @ 80°C (176°F)Change in hardness IRHD –4Change in TS % –11Change in E @ B % 0Change in volume % +18

TYPICAL PROPERTIES

All tests carried out in accordance with BS standard test methods (see table on page 9).

JAMES WALKERPDE 4/20/ED2004

NORSOKM-710

TOTALGS PW 142 03/01

SHELL DODEP02.01B.03.02

JAMES WALKERPDE 4/20/ED2004

NTOTALGS PW 142 03/01

SJAMES WALKERPDE 4/20/ED2004

NORSOKM-710

TOTALGS PW 142 03/01

SHELL DODEP02.01B.03.02

JAMES WALKERPDE 4/20/ED2004

NORSOKM-710

TOTALGS PW 142 03/01

SHELL DODEP02.01B.03.02

Page 19: High performance elastomers

Material data sheets

19For more details or a quotation, call your local contact shown on rear cover or listed at www.jameswalker.biz 19

Elast-O-Lion® 180

General description: Elast-O-Lion® 180 is a hydrogenated acrylonitrile/butadiene-based synthetic rubber with nominal 36% ACN,reinforced with carbon black and peroxide cured.

General properties: Elast-O-Lion 180 has the excellent oil/fuel resistance of conventional nitrile (NBR) elastomers, combined withsuperior mechanical properties, improved chemical resistance, better weatherability, better thermal capability and outstandingabrasion resistance.

Temperature capability: -25°C (at atmospheric pressure) to +150°C (–13°F to +302°F).

Material data sheet Compound number 703 Revision: 4

Polymer type: HNBR 01/08/2005

Property Unit Value

Hardness IRHD 80Tensile strength (TS) MPa (psi) 30 (4351)Modulus @ 50% elongation MPa (psi) 3.3 (479)Modulus @ 100% elongation MPa (psi) 6.6 (957)Elongation at break (E @ B) % 290Low temperature torsion modulus, T70 °C (°F) –25 (–13)Compression set: 24 hours @ 150°C (302°F) % 22Compression set: 70 hours @ 150°C (302°F) % 39Tear resistance kN/m 42

Air ageing: 70 hours @ 150°C (302°F)Change in hardness IRHD +6Change in TS % 0Change in E @ B % –25

Fluid immersion testing: Oil No 1 (ASTM No 1), 70 hours @ 150°C (302°F)Change in hardness IRHD –3Change in TS % –9Change in E @ B % +4Change in volume % +4

Fluid immersion testing: Oil No 3 (IRM 903), 70 hours @ 150°C (302°F)Change in hardness IRHD –14Change in TS % –7Change in E @ B % +8Change in volume % +21

Fluid immersion testing: Water, 70 hours @ 100°C (212°F)Change in hardness IRHD –2Change in TS % –10Change in E @ B % +7Change in volume % +3

TYPICAL PROPERTIES

All tests carried out in accordance with BS standard test methods (see table on page 9).

Page 20: High performance elastomers

Material data sheets

For more details or a quotation, call your local contact shown on rear cover or listed at www.jameswalker.biz20

Elast-O-Lion® 280

General description: Elast-O-Lion® 280 is a hydrogenated acrylonitrile/butadiene-based synthetic rubber with nominal 45% ACN,reinforced with carbon black and peroxide cured.

General properties: Elast-O-Lion 280 has the excellent oil/fuel resistance of conventional nitrile (NBR) elastomers, combined withsuperior mechanical properties, improved chemical resistance, better weatherability, better thermal capability and outstandingabrasion resistance.

Temperature capability: -10°C (at atmospheric pressure) to +150°C (+14°F to +302°F).

Material data sheet Compound number 715 Revision: 3

Polymer type: HNBR 01/08/2005

Property Unit Value

Hardness IRHD 80Tensile strength (TS) MPa (psi) 30 (4351)Modulus @ 50% elongation MPa (psi) 3.6 (522)Modulus @ 100% elongation MPa (psi) 7.5 (1088)Elongation at break (E @ B) % 290Low temperature torsion modulus, T70 °C (°F) –10 (14)Compression set: 24 hours @ 150°C (302°F) % 26Compression set: 70 hours @ 150°C (302°F) % 34Tear resistance kN/m 46

Air ageing: 70 hours @ 150°C (302°F)Change in hardness IRHD +5Change in TS % +4Change in E @ B % –16

Fluid immersion testing: Oil No 1 (ASTM No 1), 70 hours @ 150°C (302°F)Change in hardness IRHD –1Change in TS % –4Change in E @ B % +2Change in volume % +2

Fluid immersion testing: Oil No 3 (IRM 903), 70 hours @ 150°C (302°F)Change in hardness IRHD –7Change in TS % –4Change in E @ B % –1Change in volume % +10

TYPICAL PROPERTIES

All tests carried out in accordance with BS standard test methods (see table on page 9).

Page 21: High performance elastomers

Material data sheets

21For more details or a quotation, call your local contact shown on rear cover or listed at www.jameswalker.biz 21

Elast-O-Lion® 380

General description: Elast-O-Lion® 380 is a hydrogenated acrylonitrile/butadiene-based synthetic rubber with nominally 50% ACN,reinforced with carbon black and peroxide cured.

General properties: Elast-O-Lion 380 has the excellent oil/fuel resistance of conventional nitrile (NBR) elastomers, combined withsuperior mechanical properties, improved chemical resistance, better weatherability, better thermal capability and outstandingabrasion resistance.

Temperature capability: -5°C (at atmospheric pressure) to +150°C (+23°F to +302°F).

Material data sheet Compound number 725 Revision: 3

Polymer type: HNBR 01/08/2005

Property Unit Value

Hardness IRHD 79Tensile strength (TS) MPa (psi) 31 (4496)Modulus @ 50% elongation MPa (psi) 2.8 (406)Modulus @ 100% elongation MPa (psi) 6 (870)Elongation at break (E @ B) % 300Low temperature torsion modulus,T70 °C (°F) –5 (23)Compression set: 24 hours @ 150°C (302°F) % 27Compression set: 70 hours @ 150°C (302°F) % 44Tear resistance kN/m 45

Air ageing: 70 hours @ 150°C (302°F)Change in hardness IRHD +6Change in TS % –3Change in E @ B % –30

Fluid immersion testing: Oil No 1 (ASTM No 1), 70 hours @ 150°C (302°F)Change in hardness IRHD +1Change in TS % +2Change in E @ B % –3Change in volume % –1

Fluid immersion testing: Oil No 3 (IRM 903), 70 hours @ 150°C (302°F)Change in hardness IRHD –4Change in TS % –15Change in E @ B % –16Change in volume % +8

Fluid immersion testing: Water, 70 hours @ 100°C (212°F)Change in hardness IRHD +1Change in TS % –2Change in E @ B % –4Change in volume % +1

TYPICAL PROPERTIES

All tests carried out in accordance with BS standard test methods (see table on page 9).

Page 22: High performance elastomers

Material data sheets

For more details or a quotation, call your local contact shown on rear cover or listed at www.jameswalker.biz22

Elast-O-Lion® 985

General description: Elast-O-Lion® 985 is a hydrogenated acrylonitrile/butadiene-based synthetic rubber with nominally 19% ACN,reinforced with carbon black and peroxide cured. It is specially compounded for low temperature capability combined with goodexplosive decompression resistance.

General properties: Elast-O-Lion 985 has similar oil/fuel resistance to low nitrile (NBR) elastomers, combined with superiormechanical properties, improved chemical resistance, better weatherability, better thermal capability and outstanding abrasionresistance.

Temperature capability: -40°C at (atmospheric pressure) to +150°C (–40°F to +302°F).

Material data sheet Compound number 754 Revision: 2

Polymer type: HNBR 01/08/2005

Property Unit Value

Hardness IRHD 86Tensile strength (TS) MPa (psi) 17 (2466)Modulus @ 50% elongation MPa (psi) 7.7 (1117)Modulus @ 100% elongation MPa (psi) 14.6 (2118)Elongation at break (E @ B) % 130Low temperature torsion modulus, T70 °C (°F) –40 (–40)Compression set: 24 hours @ 150°C (302°F) % 15Compression set: 70 hours @ 150°C (302°F) % 30Tear resistance kN/m 30

Air ageing: 70 hours @ 150°C (302°F)Change in hardness IRHD +3Change in TS % +1Change in E @ B % –11

Fluid immersion testing: Oil No 1 (ASTM No 1), 70 hours @ 150°C (302°F)Change in hardness IRHD –1Change in TS % –5Change in E @ B % –19Change in volume % +1

Fluid immersion testing: Oil No 3 (IRM 903), 70 hours @ 150°C (302°F)Change in hardness IRHD –24Change in TS % +7Change in E @ B % –12Change in volume % +30

Fluid immersion testing: Methanol, 70 hours @ 40°C (104°F)Change in hardness IRHD –10Change in TS % –20Change in E @ B % –16Change in volume % +8

TYPICAL PROPERTIES

All tests carried out in accordance with BS standard test methods (see table on page 9).

JAMES WALKERPDE 4/20/ED2004

NORSOKM-710

TOTALGS PW 142 03/01

S

Page 23: High performance elastomers

Material data sheets

23For more details or a quotation, call your local contact shown on rear cover or listed at www.jameswalker.biz 23

EP18/H/75

General description: EP18/H/75 is an ethylene/propylene dipolymer based synthetic rubber, reinforced with carbon black andperoxide cured.

General properties: EP18/H/75 is particularly suited to applications involving hot water and steam. The material is also suitable forcontact with a wide variety of media including dilute acids and alkalis, ketones, lower alcohols and silicone oils and greases. It isNOT suitable for use in hydrocarbons.

Temperature capability: -45°C (at atmospheric pressure) to +150°C, or +180°C in steam (–49°F to +302°F, or +356°F).

Material data sheet Compound number 607 Revision: 2

Polymer type: EPM 03/10/2005

Property Unit Value

Hardness IRHD 71Tensile strength (TS) MPa (psi) 16 (2320)Modulus @ 50% elongation MPa (psi) 2.4 (348)Modulus @ 100% elongation MPa (psi) 5.4 (783)Elongation at break (E @ B) % 270Low temperature torsion modulus T70 °C (°F) –45 (–49)Compression set: 24 hours @ 100°C (212°F) % 11Compression set: 70 hours @ 100°C (212°F) % 16Compression set: 24 hours @ 150°C (302°F) % 20

Air ageing: 70 hours @ 125°C (257°F)Change in hardness IRHD +2Change in TS % –5Change in E @ B % –1

Fluid immersion testing: Water, 70 hours @ 100°C (212°F)Change in hardness IRHD 0Change in TS % –5Change in E @ B % –4Change in volume % +1

Fluid immersion testing: Steam, 168 hours @ 150psig (185°C, 365°F)Change in hardness IRHD +3Change in TS % –19Change in E @ B % +4

TYPICAL PROPERTIES

All tests carried out in accordance with BS standard test methods (see table on page 9).

Page 24: High performance elastomers

Material data sheets

For more details or a quotation, call your local contact shown on rear cover or listed at www.jameswalker.biz24

FR10/80

General description: FR10/80 is a fluorocarbon dipolymer based synthetic rubber, reinforced with carbon black and bisphenolcured. A high quality general-purpose grade, it exhibits low compression set at elevated temperatures.

General properties: FR10/80 has good resistance to aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons, aryl phosphate ester fluids, ozone andatmospheric ageing.

Temperature capability: -18°C (at atmospheric pressure) to +200°C (0°F to +392°F).

Material data sheet Compound number 419 Revision: 3

Polymer type: FKM 08/12/2005

Property Unit Value

Hardness IRHD 81Tensile strength (TS) MPa (psi) 16 (2321)Modulus @ 50% elongation MPa (psi) 4 (580)Modulus @ 100% elongation MPa (psi) 8 (1160)Elongation at break (E @ B) % 190Low temperature torsion modulus, T70 °C (°F) –18 (0)Compression set: 24 hours @ 200°C (392°F) % 12Compression set: 336 hours @ 200°C (392°F) % 39

Air ageing: 70 hours @ 250°C (482°F)Change in hardness IRHD +1Change in TS % –9Change in E @ B % –4

Fluid immersion testing: Fuel C, 70 hours @ 23°C (74°F)Change in hardness IRHD –2Change in TS % –11Change in E @ B % +6Change in volume % +3

Fluid immersion testing: Liquid 101, 70 hours @ 200°C (392°F)Change in hardness IRHD –9Change in TS % –14Change in E @ B % +6Change in volume % +9

Fluid immersion testing: Oil No 3 (IRM 903), 70 hours @ 150°C (302°F)Change in hardness IRHD –1Change in TS % –15Change in E @ B % –1Change in volume % +2

TYPICAL PROPERTIES

All tests carried out in accordance with BS standard test methods (see table on page 9).

Page 25: High performance elastomers

25For more details or a quotation, call your local contact shown on rear cover or listed at www.jameswalker.biz 25

Material data sheets

FR25/90

General description FR25/90 is a fluorocarbon tetrapolymer based synthetic rubber, reinforced with carbon black and peroxide cured.

General properties: FR25/90 has excellent explosive decompression resistant properties, making it suitable for many high-pressuregas applications. It also has good low temperature capability.

Temperature capability: –30°C (at atmospheric pressure) to +200°C (–22°F to +392°F).

Material data sheet Compound number 428 Revision: 2

Polymer type: FKM 27/07/2005

Property Unit Value

Hardness IRHD 91Tensile strength (TS) MPa (psi) 20 (2901)Modulus @ 50% elongation MPa (psi) 6.5 (943)Modulus @ 100% elongation MPa (psi) 15.8 (2292)Elongation at break (E @ B) % 130Low temperature torsion modulus, T70 °C (°F) –30 (–22)Compression set: 24 hours @ 175°C (347°F) % 10Compression set: 24 hours @ 200°C (392°F) % 12

Air ageing: 70 hours @ 250°C (482°F)Change in hardness IRHD +1Change in TS % –10Change in E @ B % +12

Fluid immersion testing: Fuel C, 70 hours @ 23°C (74°F)Change in hardness IRHD –3Change in TS % –25Change in E @ B % –13Change in volume % +4

Fluid immersion testing: Oil No 3 (IRM 903), 70 hours @ 150°C (302°F)Change in hardness IRHD 0Change in TS % +4Change in E @ B % –3Change in volume % +2

Fluid immersion testing: Liquid 101, 168 hours @ 200°C (392°F)Change in hardness IRHD –9Change in TS % –37Change in E @ B % –5Change in volume % +7

TYPICAL PROPERTIES

All tests carried out in accordance with BS standard test methods (see table on page 9).

JAMES WALKERPDE 4/20/ED2004

NORSOKM-710

TOTALGS PW 142 03/01

SHELL DODEP02.01B.03.02

JAMES WALKERPDE 4/20/ED2004

NTOTALGS PW 142 03/01

SJAMES WALKERPDE 4/20/ED2004

NORSOKM-710

TOTALGS PW 142 03/01

SHELL DODEP02.01B.03.02

JAMES WALKERPDE 4/20/ED2004

NORSOKM-710

TOTALGS PW 142 03/01

SHELL DODEP02.01B.03.02

Page 26: High performance elastomers

Material data sheets

For more details or a quotation, call your local contact shown on rear cover or listed at www.jameswalker.biz26

FR44/70

General description: FR44/70 is a green fluorocarbon dipolymer based synthetic elastomer, reinforced with mineral filler andbisphenol cured.

General properties: FR44/70, compounded for low compression set, is an excellent grade for ‘O’ rings.

Temperature capability: –20°C (at atmospheric pressure) to +200°C (–4°F to +392°F).

Material data sheet Compound number 436 Revision: 2

Polymer type: FKM 28/07/2005

Property Unit Value

Hardness IRHD 69Tensile strength (TS) MPa (psi) 12 (1740)Modulus @ 50% elongation MPa (psi) 3.5 (508)Modulus @ 100% elongation MPa (psi) 7 (1015)Elongation at break (E @ B) % 220Low temperature torsion modulus, T70 °C (°F) –20 (–4)Compression set: 24 hours @ 175°C (347°F) % 10Compression set: 24 hours @ 200°C (392°F) % 11

Air ageing: 70 hours @ 250°C (482°F)Change in hardness IRHD +1Change in TS % 0Change in E @ B % –10

Fluid immersion testing: Fuel C, 70 hours @ 23°C (74°F)Change in hardness IRHD –2Change in TS % –32Change in E @ B % +22Change in volume % +4

Fluid immersion testing: Liquid 101, 70 hours @ 200°C (392°F)Change in hardness IRHD –8Change in TS % –23Change in E @ B % +12Change in volume % +10

Fluid immersion testing: Oil No 3 (IRM 903), 70 hours @ 150°C (302°F)Change in hardness IRHD –2Change in TS % –10Change in E @ B % +9Change in volume % +3

TYPICAL PROPERTIES

All tests carried out in accordance with BS standard test methods (see table on page 9).

Page 27: High performance elastomers

Material data sheets

27For more details or a quotation, call your local contact shown on rear cover or listed at www.jameswalker.biz 27

FR58/90

General description: FR58/90 is a fluorocarbon terpolymer based synthetic rubber, reinforced with carbon black and bisphenolcured.

General properties: FR58/90 has good explosive decompression resistant properties, making it suitable for many high-pressure gasapplications.

Temperature capability: -12°C (at atmospheric pressure) to +210°C (+10°F to +410°F).

Material data sheet Compound number 414 Revision: 2

Polymer type: FKM 28/07/2005

Property Unit Value

Hardness IRHD 89Tensile strength (TS) MPa (psi) 15 (2176)Modulus @ 50% elongation MPa (psi) 5.1 (740)Modulus @ 100% elongation MPa (psi) 8.5 (1233)Elongation at break (E @ B) % 190Low temperature torsion modulus, T70 °C (°F) –12 (10)Compression set: 24 hours @ 175°C (347°F) % 25Compression set: 24 hours @ 200°C (392°F) % 28

Air ageing: 70 hours @ 250°C (482°F)Change in hardness IRHD 0Change in TS % –7Change in E @ B % –11

Fluid immersion testing: Fuel C, 70 hours @ 23°C (74°F)Change in hardness IRHD 0Change in TS % –17Change in E @ B % +3Change in volume % +2

Fluid immersion testing: Liquid 101, 70 hours @ 200°C (392°F)Change in hardness IRHD –6Change in TS % –22Change in E @ B % +16Change in volume % +7

Fluid immersion testing: Oil No 3 (IRM 903), 70 hours @ 150°C (302°F)Change in hardness IRHD –1Change in TS % –10Change in E @ B % –7Change in volume % +3

Fluid immersion testing: Oil No 1 (ASTM No 1), 168 hours @ 150°C (302°F)Change in hardness IRHD +1Change in TS % +5Change in E @ B % 0Change in volume % –10

TYPICAL PROPERTIES

All tests carried out in accordance with BS standard test methods (see table on page 9).

JAMES WALKERPDE 4/20/ED2004

NTGS PW 142 03/01

SJAMES WALKERPDE 4/20/ED2004

NORSOKM-710

TOTALGS PW 142 03/01

SHELL DODEP02.01B.03.02

JAMES WALKERPDE 4/20/ED2004

NORSOKM-710

TOTALGS PW 142 03/01

SHELL DODEP02.01B.03.02

JAMES WALKERPDE 4/20/ED2004

NORSOKM-710

TOTALGS PW 142 03/01

SHELL DODEP02.01B.03.02

Page 28: High performance elastomers

Material data sheets

For more details or a quotation, call your local contact shown on rear cover or listed at www.jameswalker.biz28

FR64/80

General description: FR64/80 is a fluorocarbon dipolymer based synthetic rubber, reinforced with carbon black and litharge cured.

General properties: FR64/80 is compounded to offer improved performance in water, steam and mineral acid applications.

Temperature capability: -18°C (at atmospheric pressure) to +200°C (0°F to +392°F).

Material data sheet Compound number 447 Revision: 2

Polymer type: FKM 03/10/2005

Property Unit Value

Hardness IRHD 82Tensile strength (TS) MPa (psi) 13 (1885)Modulus @ 50% elongation MPa (psi) 4.3 (624)Modulus @ 100% elongation MPa (psi) 8.2 (1189)Elongation at break (E @ B) % 170Low temperature torsion modulus, T70 °C (°F) –18 (0)Compression set: 24 hours @ 175°C (347°F) % 17Compression set: 24 hours @ 200°C (392°F) % 19

Air ageing: 70 hours @ 250°C (482°F)Change in hardness IRHD 0Change in TS % –27Change in E @ B % –26

Fluid immersion testing: Water, 168 hours @ 98°C (210°F)Change in hardness IRHD +2Change in TS % –10Change in E @ B % +5Change in volume % +0.5

Fluid immersion testing: Sulphuric acid 98%, 336 hours @ 70°C (158°F)Change in hardness IRHD –1Change in volume % +5.5

Fluid immersion testing: Hydrochloric acid 37%, 336 hours @ 70°C (158°F)Change in hardness IRHD –1Change in volume % +3

TYPICAL PROPERTIES

All tests carried out in accordance with BS standard test methods (see table on page 9).

Page 29: High performance elastomers

Material data sheets

29For more details or a quotation, call your local contact shown on rear cover or listed at www.jameswalker.biz 29

LR5781

General description: LR5781 is a fluorocarbon terpolymer based synthetic rubber, reinforced with carbon black and bisphenol cured.

General properties: LR5781 is specially compounded to exhibit good hot tear resistance. It is designed for lip seal applications.

Temperature capability: -20°C (at atmospheric pressure) to +210°C (–4°F to +410°F).

Material data sheet Compound number 478 Revision: 1

Polymer type: FKM 28/07/2005

Property Unit Value

Hardness IRHD 76Tensile strength (TS) MPa (psi) 15 (2176)Modulus @ 50% elongation MPa (psi) 3 (435)Modulus @ 100% elongation MPa (psi) 5 (725)Elongation at break (E @ B) % 320Low temperature torsion modulus, T70 °C (°F) –20 (–4)Compression set: 24 hours @ 200°C (392°F) % 56

Air ageing: 70 hours @ 250°C (482°F)Change in hardness IRHD 0Change in TS % –11Change in E @ B % –19

Fluid immersion testing: Fuel C, 70 hours @ 23°C (74°F)Change in hardness IRHD –1Change in TS % –20Change in E @ B % –4Change in volume % +3

Fluid immersion testing: Liquid 101, 70 hours @ 200°C (392°F)Change in hardness IRHD –8Change in TS % –25Change in E @ B % +14Change in volume % +7

Fluid immersion testing: Oil No 3 (IRM 903), 70 hours @ 150°C (302°F)Change in hardness IRHD 0Change in TS % –11Change in E @ B % +4Change in volume % +2

TYPICAL PROPERTIES

All tests carried out in accordance with BS standard test methods (see table on page 9).

Page 30: High performance elastomers

Material data sheets

For more details or a quotation, call your local contact shown on rear cover or listed at www.jameswalker.biz30

LR5853/90

General description: LR5853/90 is a FKM tetrapolymer based synthetic rubber, reinforced with carbon black and peroxide cured.

General properties: LR5853/90, with its high fluorine content, has excellent fluid resistance.

Temperature capability: 0°C (at atmospheric pressure) to +230°C (+32°F to +446°F).

Material data sheet Compound number 480 Revision: 2

Polymer type: FKM 28/07/2005

Property Unit Value

Hardness IRHD 88Tensile strength (TS) MPa (psi) 13.7 (1987)Modulus @ 50% elongation MPa (psi) 5.2 (754)Modulus @ 100% elongation MPa (psi) 8.9 (1291)Elongation at break (E @ B) % 160Low temperature torsion modulus, T70 °C (°F) 0 (32)Compression set: 24 hours @ 175°C (347°F) % 32Compression set: 24 hours @ 200°C (392°F) % 38

Air ageing: 70 hours @ 250°C (482°F)Change in hardness IRHD +3Change in TS % –20Change in E @ B % –6

Fluid immersion testing: Fuel C, 70 hours @ 23°C (74°F)Change in hardness IRHD –1Change in TS % –10Change in E @ B % –1Change in volume % +2

Fluid immersion testing: Liquid 101, 70 hours @ 200°C (392°F)Change in hardness IRHD –8Change in TS % –27Change in E @ B % 0Change in volume % +5

Fluid immersion testing: Oil No 3 (IRM 903), 70 hours @ 150°C (302°F)Change in hardness IRHD –2Change in TS % +3Change in E @ B % 0Change in volume % +1

Fluid immersion testing: Methanol, 48 hours @ 40°C (104°F)Change in hardness IRHD –4Change in TS % –40Change in E @ B % +2.5Change in volume % –7

Fluid immersion testing: Methanol, 70 hours @ 40°C (104°F)Change in hardness IRHD –5Change in TS % –44Change in E @ B % +4Change in volume % –9

TYPICAL PROPERTIES

All tests carried out in accordance with BS standard test methods (see table on page 9).

Page 31: High performance elastomers

Material data sheets

31For more details or a quotation, call your local contact shown on rear cover or listed at www.jameswalker.biz 31

LR6316/75

General description: LR6316/75 is an FKM tetrapolymer based synthetic rubber, reinforced with carbon black and peroxide cured.

General properties: LR6316/75 is a low temperature grade, compounded for chemical resistance.

Temperature capability: -29°C (at atmospheric pressure) to +205°C (–20°F to +400°F).

Material data sheet Compound number 486 Revision: 1

Polymer type: FKM 25/06/2004

Property Unit Value

Hardness IRHD 75Tensile strength (TS) MPa (psi) 13.2 (1915)Modulus @ 50% elongation MPa (psi) 3.0 (435)Modulus @ 100% elongation MPa (psi) 6.1 (885)Elongation at break (E @ B) % 150Compression set: 24 hours @ 200°C (392°F) % 22

Air ageing: 168 hours @ 200°C (392°F)Change in hardness IRHD +1Change in TS % –4Change in E @ B % +10

Fluid immersion testing: Liquid B, 48 hours @ 40°C (104°F)Change in hardness IRHD –7Change in TS % –21Change in E @ B % –5Change in volume % +7

Fluid immersion testing: Methanol, 48 hours @ 40°C (104°F)Change in hardness IRHD –9Change in TS % –37Change in E @ B % –15Change in volume % +7

TYPICAL PROPERTIES

All tests carried out in accordance with BS standard test methods (see table on page 9).

Page 32: High performance elastomers

Material data sheets

For more details or a quotation, call your local contact shown on rear cover or listed at www.jameswalker.biz32

NL56/70

General description: NL56/70 is an acrylonitrile/butadiene based synthetic rubber with nominally 21% ACN, reinforced with carbonblack and sulphur cured.

General properties: NL56/70 is specially compounded for low temperature flexibility. It is suitable for use in contact with a widerange of media including mineral oils and water/glycol hydraulic fluids.

Temperature capability: -50°C (at atmospheric pressure) to +110°C (–58°F to +230°F).

Material data sheet Compound number 286 Revision: 2

Polymer type: NBR 01/08/2005

Property Unit Value

Hardness IRHD 68Tensile strength (TS) MPa (psi) 14 (2031)Modulus @ 50% elongation MPa (psi) 2.2 (319)Modulus @ 100% elongation MPa (psi) 5.4 (783)Elongation at break (E @ B) % 240Low temperature torsion modulus, T70 °C (°F) –50 (–58)Compression set: 24 hours @ 100°C (212°F) % 17

Air ageing: 70 hours @ 100°C (212°F)Change in hardness IRHD +5Change in TS % +1Change in E @ B % –25

Fluid immersion testing: Fuel A, 70 hours @ 23°C (74°F)Change in hardness IRHD –3Change in TS % –13Change in E @ B % –10Change in volume % +5

Fluid immersion testing: Oil No 1 (ASTM No 1), 70 hours @ 100°C (212°F)Change in hardness IRHD +7Change in TS % +2Change in E @ B % –13Change in volume % +7

Fluid immersion testing: Oil No 3 (IRM 903), 70 hours @ 100°C (212°F)Change in hardness IRHD –5Change in TS % +5Change in E @ B % –8Change in volume % +8

TYPICAL PROPERTIES

All tests carried out in accordance with BS standard test methods (see table on page 9).

Page 33: High performance elastomers

Material data sheets

33For more details or a quotation, call your local contact shown on rear cover or listed at www.jameswalker.biz 33

NM86/80LF

General description: NM86/80LF is an acrylonitrile/butadiene based synthetic rubber with nominally 36% ACN, reinforced withcarbon black and sulphur cured.

General properties: NM86/80LF is specially compounded to exhibit low friction properties.

Temperature capability: -30°C (at atmospheric pressure) to +110°C (–22°F to +230°F).

Material data sheet Compound number 371 Revision: 2

Polymer type: NBR 02/08/2005

Property Unit Value

Hardness IRHD 79Tensile strength (TS) MPa (psi) 18 (2611)Modulus at 50% elongation MPa (psi) 3.2 (464)Modulus at 100% elongation MPa (psi) 6.6 (957)Elongation at break (E @ B) % 340Low temperature torsion modulus, T70 °C (°F) –30 (–22)Compression set: 24 hours @ 100°C (212°F) % 16

Air ageing: 70 hours @ 100°C (212°F)Change in hardness IRHD +6Change in TS % –1Change in E @ B % –34

Fluid immersion testing: Fuel A, 70 hours @ 23°C (74°F)Change in hardness IRHD –3Change in TS % –6Change in E @ B % –12Change in volume % +2

Fluid immersion testing: Oil No 1 (ASTM No 1), 70 hours @ 100°C (212°F)Change in hardness IRHD +2Change in TS % –18Change in E @ B % –3Change in volume % –5

Fluid immersion testing: Oil No 3 (IRM 903), 70 hours @ 100°C (212°F)Change in hardness IRHD –4Change in TS % –6Change in E @ B % –18Change in volume % +5

TYPICAL PROPERTIES

All tests carried out in accordance with BS standard test methods (see table on page 9).

Page 34: High performance elastomers

Material data sheets

For more details or a quotation, call your local contact shown on rear cover or listed at www.jameswalker.biz34

PB80

General description: PB80 is an acrylonitrile/butadiene based synthetic rubber with nominally 36% ACN, reinforced with carbonblack and sulphur cured.

General properties: PB80 is specially compounded to give low compression set and low swell in mineral oils.

Temperature capability: -25°C (at atmospheric pressure) to +110°C (–13°F to +230°F).

Material data sheet Compound number 329 Revision: 2

Polymer type: NBR 24/10/2005

Property Unit Value

Hardness IRHD 80Tensile strength (TS) MPa (psi) 17 (2466)Modulus @ 50% elongation MPa (psi) 3.9 (566)Modulus @ 100% elongation MPa (psi) 8.6 (1247)Elongation at break (E @ B) % 260Low temperature torsion modulus, T70 °C (°F) –25 (–13)Compression set: 24 hours @ 100°C (212°F) % 10

Air ageing: 70 hours @ 100°C (212°F)Change in hardness IRHD +2Change in TS % +4Change in E @ B % –25

Fluid immersion testing: Fuel A, 70 hours @ 23°C (74°F)Change in hardness IRHD 0Change in TS % –3Change in E @ B % –9Change in volume % –2

Fluid immersion testing: Oil No 1 (ASTM No 1), 70 hours @ 100°C (212°F)Change in hardness IRHD +2Change in TS % +5Change in E @ B % –16Change in volume % –2

Fluid immersion testing: Oil No 3 (IRM 903), 70 hours @ 100°C (212°F)Change in hardness IRHD –5Change in TS % –10Change in E @ B % –17Change in volume % +6

TYPICAL PROPERTIES

All tests carried out in accordance with BS standard test methods (see table on page 9).

Page 35: High performance elastomers

High performance elastomers

35For more details or a quotation, call your local contact shown on rear cover or listed at www.jameswalker.biz 35

Trademark acknowledgements

James Walker acknowledges the following trademarks mentioned in this guide. All other names bearing the ® symbol aretrademarks of James Walker.

General information

Health warning: If PTFE or fluoroelastomer (eg, FKM, FFKM, FEPM) products are heated to elevated temperatures, fumes will be produced which maygive unpleasant effects, if inhaled. Whilst some fumes are emitted below 250°C from fluoroelastomers or below 300°C from PTFE, the effect at thesetemperatures is negligible. Care should be taken to avoid contaminating tobacco with particles of PTFE or fluoroelastomer, or with PTFE dispersion, whichmay remain on hands or clothing. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) are available on request.

Information in this publication and otherwise supplied to users is based on our general experience and is given in good faith, but because of factors whichare outside our knowledge and control and affect the use of products, no warranty is given or is to be implied with respect to such information.Specifications are subject to change without notice. Statements of operating limits quoted in this publication are not an indication that these values canbe applied simultaneously.

Elastomer compounds displaying these symbols (see material data sheets), are compliant with or where required, approved to the relevant specificationsand tests.

Trademark Company Description

Aflas® Asahi Glass FEPM copolymers

Dyneon™ 3M Dyneon Range of fluoroelastomers

Extreme™ DuPont Performance Elastomers Special grade of Viton®

Freon® DuPont Range of refrigerants

Kalrez® DuPont Performance Elastomers Range of perfluoroelastomers

PEEK™ Victrex Plc High temperature rigid thermoplastic

Tecnoflon® Solvay Solexis Range of fluoroelastomers

Viton® DuPont Performance Elastomers Range of fluoroelastomers

JAMES WALKERPDE 4/20/ED2004

NORSOKM-710

TOTALGS PW 142 03/01

SHELL DODEP02.01B.03.02

JAMES WALKERPDE 4/20/ED2004

NORSOKM-710

TOTALGS PW 142 03/01

SHELL DODEP02.01B.03.02

JAMES WALKERPDE 4/20/ED2004

NORSOKM-710

TOTALGS PW 142 03/01

SHELL DODEP02.01B.03.02

JAMES WALKERPDE 4/20/ED2004

NTOTALGS PW 142 03/01

S

Page 36: High performance elastomers

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James Walker FranceTel: +33 (0)437 497480Fax: +33 (0)437 497483Email: [email protected]

James Walker IbericaTel: +34 94 4470099Fax: +34 94 4471077Email: [email protected]

James Walker IrelandTel: +353 (0)21 432 3626Fax: +353 (0)21 432 3623Email: [email protected]

James Walker ItalianaTel: +39 02 257 8308Fax: +39 02 263 00487Email: [email protected]

James Walker Mfg (USA)Tel: +1 708 754 4020Fax: +1 708 754 4058Email: [email protected]

James Walker New ZealandTel: +64 (0)9 272 1599Fax: +64 (0)9 272 3061Email: [email protected]

James Walker NorgeTel: +47 22 706800Fax: +47 22 706801Email: [email protected]

James Walker Oil & Gas (USA)Tel: +1 281 875 0002Fax: +1 281 875 0188Email: [email protected]

James Walker SingaporeTel: +65 6777 9896Fax: +65 6777 6102Email: [email protected]

James Walker South Africa Tel: +27 (0)31 205 6251/2/3Fax: +27 (0)31 205 6266Email: [email protected]

James Walker Group companies