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ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use 26Jun / 1Jul 2020 Slide 1 ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use High thRoughput Optical Network ESA HydRON Team European Space Agency, ESA-ESTEC INDUSTRY DAY, 26Jun / 1Jul 2020 - BELGIUM

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Page 1: High thRoughput Optical Network€¦ · Capacity in space. Extend terrestrial Fiber Networks seamlessly by “Fibrein the Sky”. Introduction to HydRON HydRON High thRoughput Optical

ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use 26Jun / 1Jul 2020 Slide 1ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use

High thRoughput Optical NetworkESA HydRON Team

European Space Agency, ESA-ESTEC

INDUSTRY DAY, 26Jun / 1Jul 2020 - BELGIUM

Page 2: High thRoughput Optical Network€¦ · Capacity in space. Extend terrestrial Fiber Networks seamlessly by “Fibrein the Sky”. Introduction to HydRON HydRON High thRoughput Optical

ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use 26Jun / 1Jul 2020 Slide 2

AgendaØ Introduction to the HydRON MissionØ Envisioned usage: User Categories, HUGØ Demonstration System and Technology DemonstratorsØ Status of the HydRON Project Preparations Ø Critical technology developments and HydRON-TD’s elementsØ Conclusions, Discussions / Q&A SessionØ Annexes:

ü Annex I - Overview of the Member States Industrial Capability

ü Annex II - Industry Day: Industrial Input Template

Page 3: High thRoughput Optical Network€¦ · Capacity in space. Extend terrestrial Fiber Networks seamlessly by “Fibrein the Sky”. Introduction to HydRON HydRON High thRoughput Optical

ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use 26Jun / 1Jul 2020 Slide 3

AgendaØ Introduction to the HydRON MissionØ Envisioned usage: User Categories, HUGØ Demonstration System and Technology Demonstrators

Ø Status of the HydRON Project Preparations Ø Critical technology developments and HydRON-TD’s elementsØ Conclusions, Discussions / Q&A SessionØ Annexes:

ü Annex I - Overview of the Member States Industrial Capability

ü Annex II - Industry Day: Industrial Input Template

Page 4: High thRoughput Optical Network€¦ · Capacity in space. Extend terrestrial Fiber Networks seamlessly by “Fibrein the Sky”. Introduction to HydRON HydRON High thRoughput Optical

ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use 26Jun / 1Jul 2020 Slide 4

VisionDevelop the world first (all) Optical

Transport Network at Terabit Capacity in space.

Extend terrestrial Fiber Networks seamlessly by “Fibre in the Sky”.

Introduction to HydRONHydRON

High thRoughputOptical Network

MISSION STATEMENT: Develop and validate “Fibre in the Sky” technology integrated into terrestrial networks

at Terabit capacity by 2025-2026 timeframe.

Page 5: High thRoughput Optical Network€¦ · Capacity in space. Extend terrestrial Fiber Networks seamlessly by “Fibrein the Sky”. Introduction to HydRON HydRON High thRoughput Optical

ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use 26Jun / 1Jul 2020 Slide 5

HydRON Project ObjectivesØ To define the full E2E architecture of the visionary HydRON Mission

(HydRON-M) that meets the needs of its identified potential users on the medium/long-term.

Ø To define and implement a HydRON Demonstration System (HydRON-DS) that allows the demonstration and validation of the essential technologies by European and Canadian industries by 2025-2026.

ü Terabit Space-Ground links and Space-Space linksü High speed optical / electrical switchingü Collection and distribution of end user data

ü Terabit Optical Transport Network in Spaceü Seamless integration into terrestrial networks

Page 6: High thRoughput Optical Network€¦ · Capacity in space. Extend terrestrial Fiber Networks seamlessly by “Fibrein the Sky”. Introduction to HydRON HydRON High thRoughput Optical

ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use 26Jun / 1Jul 2020 Slide 6

Seamless Integration into Terrestrial NetworksØ In todays terrestrial Fibre Networks Satellites are

ü just bridging the “last mile”, when no fibre is available

ü not an integral part of the network architecture

ü difficult to patch in on-demand

ü not configurable by the network

ü have no routing capabilities

Ø In todays space architectures, no network capabilities really exist. Interconnection of different layers (GEO,LEO, HAPS, Terrestrial) are seen as a future concept.

Satellites are not YET an integral part of terrestrial network architecture

Only Optical Communications will provide the required high data volume and high volume switching capabilities!

3D-Network Concept = Fibre everywhere!

Page 7: High thRoughput Optical Network€¦ · Capacity in space. Extend terrestrial Fiber Networks seamlessly by “Fibrein the Sky”. Introduction to HydRON HydRON High thRoughput Optical

ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use 26Jun / 1Jul 2020 Slide 7

AgendaØ Introduction to the HydRON MissionØ Envisioned usage: User Categories, HUGØ Demonstration System and Technology DemonstratorsØ Status of the HydRON Project Preparations Ø Critical technology developments and HydRON-TD’s elementsØ Conclusions, Discussions / Q&A SessionØ Annexes:

ü Annex I - Overview of the Member States Industrial Capability

ü Annex II - Industry Day: Industrial Input Template

Page 8: High thRoughput Optical Network€¦ · Capacity in space. Extend terrestrial Fiber Networks seamlessly by “Fibrein the Sky”. Introduction to HydRON HydRON High thRoughput Optical

ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use 26Jun / 1Jul 2020 Slide 8

HydRON User Categories Telecom Satellite Operators connecting their fleet to the Network

Terrestrial Network Operators

expanding their terrestrial network with the Fibre in the Sky to route traffic

Private Network Users establishing highly secure connections via the Fibre in the Sky to avoiding terrestrial infrastructures

Satellite / Airborne Users connecting their own satellites/UAVs/aircrafts to the network

Page 9: High thRoughput Optical Network€¦ · Capacity in space. Extend terrestrial Fiber Networks seamlessly by “Fibrein the Sky”. Introduction to HydRON HydRON High thRoughput Optical

ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use 26Jun / 1Jul 2020 Slide 9

16 Members and growing

Members of the HydRON User Group (HUG)

Page 10: High thRoughput Optical Network€¦ · Capacity in space. Extend terrestrial Fiber Networks seamlessly by “Fibrein the Sky”. Introduction to HydRON HydRON High thRoughput Optical

ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use 26Jun / 1Jul 2020 Slide 10

AgendaØ Introduction to the HydRON MissionØ Envisioned usage: User Categories, HUGØ Demonstration System and Technology Demonstrators

Ø Status of the HydRON Project Preparations Ø Critical technology developments and HydRON-TD’s elementsØ Conclusions, Discussions / Q&A SessionØ Annexes:

ü Annex I - Overview of the Member States Industrial Capability

ü Annex II - Industry Day: Industrial Input Template

Page 11: High thRoughput Optical Network€¦ · Capacity in space. Extend terrestrial Fiber Networks seamlessly by “Fibrein the Sky”. Introduction to HydRON HydRON High thRoughput Optical

ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use 26Jun / 1Jul 2020 Slide 11

Introduction to HydRON Project

HydRON Mission HydRON Demonstration System

HydRON Technology Demonstrators (HydRON-TD#i)

HydRON-TD#1GEO

HydRON-TD#2LEO LEO

Limited resourceswill require…

…to define a representative demonstration of a 3D Network…

…by GEO, LEO and Network Integration

Network Integration

HydRON Project

Page 12: High thRoughput Optical Network€¦ · Capacity in space. Extend terrestrial Fiber Networks seamlessly by “Fibrein the Sky”. Introduction to HydRON HydRON High thRoughput Optical

ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use 26Jun / 1Jul 2020 Slide 12

HydRON Project: Development Logic

Ø Technology DevelopmentsØ System Level/End-to-End Concept

ü based on representative GEO&LEO implementation

ü demonstrate full capabilities of optical technologies by • integration to a fully functional HydRON payload• integration to terrestrial networks

Ø Flight/Demo opportunities for European/Canadian Industryü build-up industrial capacity

ü create competitive advantage for upcoming market

Ø Demonstrate maturity to end users to lower market barriers

HydRON Technology

Demonstrators (HydRON-TD#i)

HydRON-TD#1

GEO

Network

Integration

HydRON Project

HydRON Demonstration

System

HydRON-TD#2

LEO

Page 13: High thRoughput Optical Network€¦ · Capacity in space. Extend terrestrial Fiber Networks seamlessly by “Fibrein the Sky”. Introduction to HydRON HydRON High thRoughput Optical

ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use 26Jun / 1Jul 2020 Slide 13

HydRON Project: System Elements

Competitive Advantages for Industry to demonstrateü Space Segment with GEO and LEO

• Multiple Designs of Optical Communication Terminals for opt. ISLs and opt. feeder links

• Multiple Designs of On-board Switching Concepts• Demonstrating interfaces to the Users (e.g. RF) payload.

ü Ground Segment• Multiple Designs of Optical Ground Stations (OGSs).• Multiple Interface concepts to the terrestrial high capacity

network (Points of Presence)• Developments for HydRON Operation Centre (air-space

control, weather forecasts, coordinating and controlling all ground and space assets).

ü Network Segment/Management• Development of elements to ensure a seamlessly integration

into the terrestrial network • 3D-network routing concepts of the data.

Page 14: High thRoughput Optical Network€¦ · Capacity in space. Extend terrestrial Fiber Networks seamlessly by “Fibrein the Sky”. Introduction to HydRON HydRON High thRoughput Optical

ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use 26Jun / 1Jul 2020 Slide 14

HydRON Demonstrator Concept

Digital Transparent Processor(e.g. FWD)

PD

ADC

LS

DAC

RF RX front end- RX antenna

- LNA- Frequency

downconversion

RF TX front end- Frequency up

conversion-RF HPA-OMUX

-TX antenna

Bidirectional100 Gbps- 10 WDM Ch- 10 Gbps/Ch

Bidirectional100 Gbps- 10 WDM Ch- 10 Gbps/Ch

WDM LCT- Optical head

- Terminal control electronics

- Optical HPA- Optical LNA

WDM LCT- Optical head

- Terminal control electronics

- Optical HPA- Optical LNA

MUX

DEMUX

DEMUX

MUX

OSM

X

100 Gbps- 10 WDM Ch- 10 Gbps/Ch

100 Gbps- 10 WDM Ch- 10 Gbps/Ch

100 Gbps- 10 WDM Ch- 10 Gbps/Ch

100 Gbps- 10 WDM Ch- 10 Gbps/Ch

Optical Signal

Bidirectional Optical Signal

Radiofrequency Signal

Network Part

Application / Service Part

For the HydRON-Demo, the (Customer/User) RF mission will still implement its RF feeder link

Page 15: High thRoughput Optical Network€¦ · Capacity in space. Extend terrestrial Fiber Networks seamlessly by “Fibrein the Sky”. Introduction to HydRON HydRON High thRoughput Optical

ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use 26Jun / 1Jul 2020 Slide 15

Bidirectional OISL 100 Gbps - 10 WDM Ch- 10 Gbps/Ch

Digital Transparent Processor(e.g. FWD)

PD

ADC

LS

DAC

RF RX front end- RX antenna

- LNA- Frequency

downconvers ion

RF TX f ront end- Frequency up

conversion-RF HPA-OMUX

-TX antenna

WDM LCT- Optical head

- Terminal control electronics

- Optical HPA- Optical LNA

WDM LCT- Optical head

- Terminal control electronics

- Optical HPA- Optical LNA

MUX

DEMUX

DEMUX

MUX

OSM

X

100 Gbps- 10 WDM Ch- 10 Gbps/Ch

100 Gbps- 10 WDM Ch- 10 Gbps/Ch

100 Gbps- 10 WDM Ch- 10 Gbps/Ch

100 Gbps- 10 WDM Ch- 10 Gbps/Ch

GEO satellite(hosting HydRON-TD#1)

Digital Transparent Processor(e.g. FWD)

PD

ADC

LS

DAC

RF RX front end- RX antenna

- LNA- Frequency

downconversion

RF TX front end- Frequency up

conversion-RF HPA-OMUX

-TX antenna

WDM LCT- Optical head

- Terminal control electronics

- Optical HPA- Optical LNA

WDM LCT- Optical head

- Terminal control electronics

- Optical HPA- Optical LNA

MUX

DEMUX

DEMUX

MUX

OSM

X

100 Gbps- 10 WDM Ch- 10 Gbps/Ch

100 Gbps- 10 WDM Ch- 10 Gbps/Ch

100 Gbps- 10 WDM Ch- 10 Gbps/Ch

100 Gbps- 10 WDM Ch- 10 Gbps/Ch

LEO satellite(hosting HydRON-TD#2)

Weather monitoring

User dataBidirectional OFL 100 Gbps - 10 WDM Ch- 10 Gbps/Ch

User dataBidirectional OFL 100 Gbps - 10 WDM Ch- 10 Gbps/Ch

Cloud

Cloud

Active Optical

LinkActive Optical

Link

InterruptedOptical

Link

InterruptedOptical

Link

HydRON Control Center

Optical Feeder Link Control Center

Site Diversity Control Center

HydRON-TD#i Payload Control Center

Customer Control Center 1

Customer Control Center 2

POP

POP

POP

POP

POPTerrestrial Network

Control Center

S/C TM/TCPL TM/TC

Satellite Ground Segment (GEO)

RF mission

RF user link

S/C TM/TCPL TM/TC

Satellite Ground Segment (LEO)

RF mission

RF user link

HydRON Operations Center

HydRON Demonstration SystemAll elements of the HydRON-TD#1 and HydRON-TD#2 in combination with

additional (non-HydRONelements)

Page 16: High thRoughput Optical Network€¦ · Capacity in space. Extend terrestrial Fiber Networks seamlessly by “Fibrein the Sky”. Introduction to HydRON HydRON High thRoughput Optical

ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use 26Jun / 1Jul 2020 Slide 16

Bidirectional OISL 100 Gbps - 10 WDM Ch- 10 Gbps/Ch

Digital Transparent Processor(e.g. FWD)

PD

ADC

LS

DAC

RF RX front end- RX antenna

- LNA- Frequency

downconvers ion

RF TX f ront end- Frequency up

conversion-RF HPA-OMUX

-TX antenna

WDM LCT- Optical head

- Terminal control electronics

- Optical HPA- Optical LNA

WDM LCT- Optical head

- Terminal control electronics

- Optical HPA- Optical LNA

MUX

DEMUX

DEMUX

MUX

OSM

X

100 Gbps- 10 WDM Ch- 10 Gbps/Ch

100 Gbps- 10 WDM Ch- 10 Gbps/Ch

100 Gbps- 10 WDM Ch- 10 Gbps/Ch

100 Gbps- 10 WDM Ch- 10 Gbps/Ch

GEO satellite(hosting HydRON-TD#1)

Digital Transparent Processor(e.g. FWD)

PD

ADC

LS

DAC

RF RX front end- RX antenna

- LNA- Frequency

downconversion

RF TX front end- Frequency up

conversion-RF HPA-OMUX

-TX antenna

WDM LCT- Optical head

- Terminal control electronics

- Optical HPA- Optical LNA

WDM LCT- Optical head

- Terminal control electronics

- Optical HPA- Optical LNA

MUX

DEMUX

DEMUX

MUX

OSM

X

100 Gbps- 10 WDM Ch- 10 Gbps/Ch

100 Gbps- 10 WDM Ch- 10 Gbps/Ch

100 Gbps- 10 WDM Ch- 10 Gbps/Ch

100 Gbps- 10 WDM Ch- 10 Gbps/Ch

LEO satellite(hosting HydRON-TD#2)

Weather monitoring

User dataBidirectional OFL 100 Gbps - 10 WDM Ch- 10 Gbps/Ch

User dataBidirectional OFL 100 Gbps - 10 WDM Ch- 10 Gbps/Ch

Cloud

Cloud

Active Optical

LinkActive Optical

Link

InterruptedOptical

Link

InterruptedOptical

Link

HydRON Control Center

Optical Feeder Link Control Center

Site Diversity Control Center

HydRON-TD#i Payload Control Center

HydRON Operations Center

HydRON Demonstration System

Elements of HydRONTD#1 and TD#2

(space and ground segments)

Page 17: High thRoughput Optical Network€¦ · Capacity in space. Extend terrestrial Fiber Networks seamlessly by “Fibrein the Sky”. Introduction to HydRON HydRON High thRoughput Optical

ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use 26Jun / 1Jul 2020 Slide 17

Digital Transparent Processor(e.g. FWD)

PD

ADC

LS

DAC

RF RX front end- RX antenna

- LNA- Frequency

downconversion

RF TX front end- Frequency up

conversion-RF HPA-OMUX

-TX antenna

WDM LCT- Optical head

- Terminal control electronics

- Optical HPA- Optical LNA

WDM LCT- Optical head

- Terminal control electronics

- Optical HPA- Optical LNA

MUX

DEMUX

DEMUX

MUX

OSM

X

100 Gbps- 10 WDM Ch- 10 Gbps/Ch

100 Gbps- 10 WDM Ch- 10 Gbps/Ch

100 Gbps- 10 WDM Ch- 10 Gbps/Ch

100 Gbps- 10 WDM Ch- 10 Gbps/Ch

GEO satellite(hosting HydRON-TD#1)

Weather monitoring

User dataBidirectional OFL 100 Gbps - 10 WDM Ch- 10 Gbps/Ch

Cloud

Active Optical

Link

InterruptedOptical

Link

HydRON Control Center

Customer Control Center 1

POP

POP

POP

POP

POPTerrestrial Network

Control Center

S/C TM/TCPL TM/TC

Satellite Ground Segment (GEO)

RF mission

RF user link

Optical Feeder Link Control Center

Site Diversity Control Center

HydRON-TD#i Payload Control Center

HydRON Operations Center

HydRON Technology Demonstrators: HydRON-TD#1

All elements of the HydRON-TD#1 in

combination with additional (non-HydRON elements)

Page 18: High thRoughput Optical Network€¦ · Capacity in space. Extend terrestrial Fiber Networks seamlessly by “Fibrein the Sky”. Introduction to HydRON HydRON High thRoughput Optical

ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use 26Jun / 1Jul 2020 Slide 18

Digital Transparent Processor(e.g. FWD)

PD

ADC

LS

DAC

RF RX front end- RX antenna

- LNA- Frequency

downconversion

RF TX front end- Frequency up

conversion-RF HPA-OMUX

-TX antenna

WDM LCT- Optical head

- Terminal control electronics

- Optical HPA- Optical LNA

WDM LCT- Optical head

- Terminal control electronics

- Optical HPA- Optical LNA

MUX

DEMUX

DEMUX

MUX

OSM

X

100 Gbps- 10 WDM Ch- 10 Gbps/Ch

100 Gbps- 10 WDM Ch- 10 Gbps/Ch

100 Gbps- 10 WDM Ch- 10 Gbps/Ch

100 Gbps- 10 WDM Ch- 10 Gbps/Ch

GEO satellite(hosting HydRON-TD#1)

Weather monitoring

User dataBidirectional OFL 100 Gbps - 10 WDM Ch- 10 Gbps/Ch

Cloud

Active Optical

Link

InterruptedOptical

Link

HydRON Control Center

Optical Feeder Link Control Center

Site Diversity Control Center

HydRON-TD#i Payload Control Center

HydRON Operations Center

HydRON Technology Demonstrators: HydRON-TD#1

Elements of HydRON-TD#1

(space and ground segments)

Page 19: High thRoughput Optical Network€¦ · Capacity in space. Extend terrestrial Fiber Networks seamlessly by “Fibrein the Sky”. Introduction to HydRON HydRON High thRoughput Optical

ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use 26Jun / 1Jul 2020 Slide 19

WDM LPOA

(Low Power Optical

Amplifier)Optical

Crossconnect

WDM GEO LCT

- Optical head- Terminal

control electronics

RX Optoelectronics

- Photodetectors

RX Data Electronics- Deserializer /

Decoder

TX Data Electronics

- Serializer / Coder

TX Optoelectronics

- Lasers- Modulators

WDM HPOA

(High Power Optical

Amplifier)

WDM LPOA

(Low Power Optical

Amplifier)WDM GEO

LCT- Optical head

- Terminal control

electronicsWDM HPOA(High Power

Optical Amplifier)

Customer’s Payload by Operator

RX Payload Interface

Electronics

TX Payload Interface

Electronics

Optical reconfigurable Wideband Repeater

- Optical frequency conversion- Optical amplification

- O/E conversion

Bidirectional 100 Gbps - 10 WDM Ch- 10 Gbps/Ch

WDM DeMux

WDMMux

WDM DeMux

WDMMux

...

HydRON Control Center

Terrestrial Network

Optical Ground Station (fixed / transportable)

HydRON sat(s) in GEO or LEO

Bidirectional 100 Gbps - 10 WDM Ch- 10 Gbps/Ch

= HydRON TD#1 Elements

Optical Ground Station (fixed / transportable)

= Customer’s Elements

HydRON Technology Demonstrators: HydRON-TD#1

Page 20: High thRoughput Optical Network€¦ · Capacity in space. Extend terrestrial Fiber Networks seamlessly by “Fibrein the Sky”. Introduction to HydRON HydRON High thRoughput Optical

ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use 26Jun / 1Jul 2020 Slide 20

Digital Transparent Processor(e.g. FWD)

PD

ADC

LS

DAC

RF RX front end- RX antenna

- LNA- Frequency

downconversion

RF TX front end- Frequency up

conversion-RF HPA-OMUX

-TX antenna

WDM LCT- Optical head

- Terminal control electronics

- Optical HPA- Optical LNA

WDM LCT- Optical head

- Terminal control electronics

- Optical HPA- Optical LNA

MUX

DEMUX

DEMUX

MUX

OSM

X

100 Gbps- 10 WDM Ch- 10 Gbps/Ch

100 Gbps- 10 WDM Ch- 10 Gbps/Ch

100 Gbps- 10 WDM Ch- 10 Gbps/Ch

100 Gbps- 10 WDM Ch- 10 Gbps/Ch

LEO satellite(hosting HydRON-TD#2)

Weather monitoringUser dataBidirectional OFL 100 Gbps - 10 WDM Ch- 10 Gbps/Ch

Cloud

Active Optical

Link

InterruptedOptical

Link

HydRON Control Center

Customer Control Center 2

POP

POP

POP

POP

POPTerrestrial Network

Control Center

S/C TM/TCPL TM/TC

Satellite Ground Segment (LEO)

RF mission

RF user link

Optical Feeder Link Control Center

Site Diversity Control Center

HydRON-TD#i Payload Control Center

HydRON Operations Center

HydRON Technology Demonstrators: HydRON-TD#2

All elements of the HydRON-TD#2 in

combination with additional (non-HydRON elements)

Page 21: High thRoughput Optical Network€¦ · Capacity in space. Extend terrestrial Fiber Networks seamlessly by “Fibrein the Sky”. Introduction to HydRON HydRON High thRoughput Optical

ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use 26Jun / 1Jul 2020 Slide 21

Digital Transparent Processor(e.g. FWD)

PD

ADC

LS

DAC

RF RX front end- RX antenna

- LNA- Frequency

downconversion

RF TX front end- Frequency up

conversion-RF HPA-OMUX

-TX antenna

WDM LCT- Optical head

- Terminal control electronics

- Optical HPA- Optical LNA

WDM LCT- Optical head

- Terminal control electronics

- Optical HPA- Optical LNA

MUX

DEMUX

DEMUX

MUX

OSM

X

100 Gbps- 10 WDM Ch- 10 Gbps/Ch

100 Gbps- 10 WDM Ch- 10 Gbps/Ch

100 Gbps- 10 WDM Ch- 10 Gbps/Ch

100 Gbps- 10 WDM Ch- 10 Gbps/Ch

LEO satellite(hosting HydRON-TD#2)

Weather monitoringUser dataBidirectional OFL 100 Gbps - 10 WDM Ch- 10 Gbps/Ch

Cloud

Active Optical

Link

InterruptedOptical

Link

HydRON Control Center

Digital Transparent Processor(e.g. FWD)

PD

ADC

LS

DAC

RF RX front end- RX antenna

- LNA- Frequency

downconversion

RF TX front end- Frequency up

conversion-RF HPA-OMUX

-TX antenna

WDM LCT- Optical head

- Terminal control electronics

- Optical HPA- Optical LNA

WDM LCT- Optical head

- Terminal control electronics

- Optical HPA- Optical LNA

MUX

DEMUX

DEMUX

MUX

OSM

X

100 Gbps- 10 WDM Ch- 10 Gbps/Ch

100 Gbps- 10 WDM Ch- 10 Gbps/Ch

100 Gbps- 10 WDM Ch- 10 Gbps/Ch

100 Gbps- 10 WDM Ch- 10 Gbps/Ch

LEO satellite(hosting HydRON-TD#2)

Optical Feeder Link Control Center

Site Diversity Control Center

HydRON-TD#i Payload Control Center

HydRON Operations Center

HydRON Technology Demonstrators: HydRON-TD#2

Elements of HydRON-TD#2

(space and ground segments)

Page 22: High thRoughput Optical Network€¦ · Capacity in space. Extend terrestrial Fiber Networks seamlessly by “Fibrein the Sky”. Introduction to HydRON HydRON High thRoughput Optical

ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use 26Jun / 1Jul 2020 Slide 22

Optical Crossconnect

WDM LEO Constellation

Optical Terminal

RX Optoelectronics

- Photodetectors

RX Data Electronics- Deserializer /

Decoder

TX Data Electronics

- Serializer / Coder

TX Optoelectronics

- Lasers- Modulators

WDM LPOA

(Low Power Optical

Amplifier)

WDM LEO compact

LCT- Optical head

- Terminal control

electronicsWDM HPOA(High Power

Optical Amplifier)

Customer’s Payload by Operator

TX Payload Interface

Electronics

Bidirectional 100 Gbps - 10 WDM Ch- 10 Gbps/Ch

WDM DeMux

WDMMux

HydRON Control Center

Terrestrial Network

Optical Ground Station (fixed / transportable)

Constellation sat(s) in LEO

Bidirectional ~10 Gbps

= HydRON TD#1 Elements

Optical Ground Station (fixed / transportable)

WDM LPOA

(Low Power Optical

Amplifier)

WDM LEO LCT- Optical head

- Terminal control electronics

WDM HPOA

(High Power Optical

Amplifier)

WDM DeMux

WDMMux

Bidirectional 100 Gbps - 10 WDM Ch- 10 Gbps/Ch

HydRON sat(s) in GEO

= HydRON TD#2 Elements

WDM LEO Constellation

Optical Terminal

WDM LEO Constellation

Optical Terminal

LEO Constellation RX / TX Data & Interface Electronics

LEO Constellation RX / TX Data & Interface Electronics

LEO Constellation RX / TX Data & Interface Electronics

Constellation sat(s) in LEO

Bidirectional ~10 Gbps

Constellation sat(s) in LEO

Constellation sat(s) in LEO

RX Payload Interface

Electronics

...

Bidirectional ~10 Gbps

Bidirectional ~10 Gbps

= Customer’s Elements

HydRON Technology Demonstrators: HydRON-TD#2

Page 23: High thRoughput Optical Network€¦ · Capacity in space. Extend terrestrial Fiber Networks seamlessly by “Fibrein the Sky”. Introduction to HydRON HydRON High thRoughput Optical

ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use 26Jun / 1Jul 2020 Slide 23

AgendaØ Introduction to the HydRON MissionØ Envisioned usage: User Categories, HUGØ Demonstration System and Technology Demonstrators

Ø Status of the HydRON Project Preparations Ø Critical technology developments and HydRON-TD’s elementsØ Conclusions, Discussions / Q&A SessionØ Annexes:

ü Annex I - Overview of the Member States Industrial Capability

ü Annex II - Industry Day: Industrial Input Template

Page 24: High thRoughput Optical Network€¦ · Capacity in space. Extend terrestrial Fiber Networks seamlessly by “Fibrein the Sky”. Introduction to HydRON HydRON High thRoughput Optical

ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use 26Jun / 1Jul 2020 Slide 24

HydRON Project Status

Ø ESA initiated project work is well under way: ü Overall System Architecture work in defining Mission Requirements

ü Phase A work with 2 consortia progressing ü Bi-lateral discussions with primes, satellite operators and terrestrial operators

ü Bi-lateral discussions with National Delegations and Industry to define their roles.

Ø HydRON User Group (HUG) exchange is fundamental in the preparation of the User Requirements, the Use Cases and the Demo Testing requirements.Participants are Satellite Operators, Satellite and Payload Primes, Terrestrial Network Operators and Service Providers, and ESA Experts.

Page 25: High thRoughput Optical Network€¦ · Capacity in space. Extend terrestrial Fiber Networks seamlessly by “Fibrein the Sky”. Introduction to HydRON HydRON High thRoughput Optical

ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use 26Jun / 1Jul 2020 Slide 25

HydRON Project Plan: Schedule

Page 26: High thRoughput Optical Network€¦ · Capacity in space. Extend terrestrial Fiber Networks seamlessly by “Fibrein the Sky”. Introduction to HydRON HydRON High thRoughput Optical

ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use 26Jun / 1Jul 2020 Slide 26

HydRON Project Plan: Initiated Activities

Title Contractor Startdate

End date

HydRON Mission Phase A Study

2x contracts led by ADS (Germany) and TAS (Italy)

Dec 19 Q4-20-Q1-21

HyDRON Network Deployment Technology Roadmap

2x contracts with Fokus(Germany) and Bristol University (UK)

Sep 19 Q3-20

HydRON Mission assessment

N/A, (internal) ESA working group

Jul 18 Q4-20

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ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use 26Jun / 1Jul 2020 Slide 27

HydRON Project Plan: Activities under preparation

Title Contractor Startdate

End date

HydRON Mission Phase B1,Demonstration System Phase A/B1 and Technology Demonstrator(s) Phase A/B1 Study

TBD Q1-21 Q4-21

HydRON Demonstration System Phase B2 Study

TBD Q4-21 Q2-22

HydRON Technology Demonstrators #iPhase B2 Study

TBD Q4-21 Q4-22Q1-23

Critical technology developments (e.g., HydRON Simulator Testbed)

TBD Q1-21Q2-21

Q1-23

HydRON Demonstration System and Technology Demonstrators #iassessment

N/A, (internal) ESA working group

Q4-20 Q1-21

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HydRON Project Plan: Overall schedule

ESA internal &Sys Activities

Critical developments

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HydRON Project Plan: Activities under preparation>> ESA & Sys activities

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AgendaØ Introduction to the HydRON MissionØ Envisioned usage: User Categories, HUGØ Demonstration System and Technology DemonstratorsØ Status of the HydRON Project Preparations Ø Critical technology developments and HydRON-TD’s elementsØ Conclusions, Discussions / Q&A SessionØ Annexes:

ü Annex I - Overview of the Member States Industrial Capability

ü Annex II - Industry Day: Industrial Input Template

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ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use 26Jun / 1Jul 2020 Slide 31

TRL of HydRON-TD#i elements - SpaceCurrent TRL

Space Qualified In / Availability in (Year)

Potential Suppliers

100Gbps WDM GEO Laser Comm. Terminal

4 2022 TESAT (D), ADS (F), TAS-CH (CH), TNO (NL)

100Gbps WDM LEO Laser Comm. Terminal

4 2022 TESAT (D), Mynaric (D), Hensoldt-ZEISS (D), ADS (F), TAS-CH (CH), TNO (NL)

~10Gbps WDM LEO compact Laser Comm. Terminal

4-5 2021TESAT (D), Mynaric (D), Hensoldt-ZEISS (D), ADS (F), TAS-CH (CH), Space

Inventor (DK), TNO (NL), mBryonics (IRL), Honeywell (CND)

High-Power Optical Amplifier2 (1064nm)2 (1550nm)

2022 IPG (US), Fibertek (US), MPB (CND), CILAS (F), Keopsys (F), G&H (UK)

Low-Power Optical Amplifier4 (1064nm)6 (1550nm)

2021 IPG (US), Fibertek (US), MPB (CND), CILAS (F), Keopsys (F), G&H (UK)

2 (1064nm)3 (1550nm)

2021Sodern (F), Kylia (F), G&H (UK), BerlinerGlas (D), Jenoptik (D), Optics Balzers

(D), IMEC (B), OFS Fitel (D), VTT (FIN), SwissOptic (CH)

4 2022 Sodern / Polatis (F/UK), Sercalo (CH)

4 2021Kylia (F), iXBlue (F), Finisar (US), LITEF (D), Eagleyard (D), Innolume (D), U2T

(D), TESAT (D), BerlinerGlas (D), FBH (D), IMEC (B), aXenic (UK), G&H (UK)

4 2022AIT (A), MDA (CND), ADS (D), TESAT (D), TAS (F), ADS (F), LEO Space Photonics

(GR), TAS (I), RUAG (CH), ADS (UK), SSTL (UK)

3 2022Antwerp Space (B), MDA (CND), ADS (D), TESAT (D), TAS (F), ADS (F), TAS (I),

SatixFy (UK), ADS (UK)

4/6 2022 TAS (F), ADS (F), DAS Photonics (E), TAS (I), ADS (UK)

Space Segment

WDM Laser Comm. Terminal

Optical Amplifier

Optical Multiplexing / De-multiplexing

Optical Switch Matrix

TX/RX Optoelectronics

TX/RX Data Electronics

Interface Electronics

Optical Wideband Repeater

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ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use 26Jun / 1Jul 2020 Slide 32

TRL of HydRON-TD#i elements - Ground

Current TRLSpace Qualified In / Availability in (Year)

Potential Suppliers

Medium 2022Synopta (CH), Mynaric (D), DLR (D), TNO (NL), Xenics (B), Reuniwatt (F),

Miratlas (F), KSAT (NO)

Low 2022Synopta (CH), Mynaric (D), DLR (D), TNO (NL), Honeywell (CND), Xenics (B),

Reuniwatt (F), Miratlas (F), KSAT (NO)

Low 2023 ADS (D), DLR (D), ADS (F), TAS (F), TAS (I), Telespazio (I)

Medium 2022Ciena (CND), ADVA (D), Deutsche Telekom (D), Vodafone (D), Telefonica (E) ,

Orange (F), Nokia (F), Open Fibre (I), Vodafone (UK)

Ground Segment

WDM Optical Feeder Station & equipment

WDM compact Optical Feeder Station & equipment

HydRON Network Control Center

Terrestrial fibre network & equipment

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ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use 26Jun / 1Jul 2020 Slide 33

HydRON critical technology developments1. System developments

• HydRON Simulator Testbed• Optical technologies for next generation high

throughput optical inter-satellite links

2. Payload developments• WDM Laser Sources at 1064nm• High-Power Optical Multiplexer at 1064nm• High-Power Optical Multiplexer at 1550nm• WDM GEO Laser Communication Terminal• WDM High-Power Optical Amplifier at 1064nm• WDM High-Power Optical Amplifier at 1550nm• WDM LEO Laser Communication Terminal • GEO Optical Switch Matrix 25x25• Space assessment of high-data rate Data Electronics

for GEO environment• Broadband low-mass & low-consumption Demodulator

• Space assessment of high-data rate Data Electronics for LEO environment

• WDM LEO compact Laser Communication Terminal

• LEO Optical Switch Matrix 25x25• Broadband low-mass & low-consumption

Modulator

3. Ground developments• reliable GEO Optical Feeder Link

demonstration• reliable LEO Optical Feeder Link

demonstration• Aircraft detection system for Optical

Ground Stations• Turbulence monitoring equipment

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HydRON critical technology developments

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HydRON critical technology developments

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ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use 26Jun / 1Jul 2020 Slide 36

HydRON critical technology developments

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ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use 26Jun / 1Jul 2020 Slide 37

HydRON critical technology developments

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ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use 26Jun / 1Jul 2020 Slide 38

HydRON critical technology developments vsHydRON-TD#1 elements

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ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use 26Jun / 1Jul 2020 Slide 39

HydRON critical technology developments vsHydRON-TD#2 elements

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ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use 26Jun / 1Jul 2020 Slide 40

HydRON: Activities under preparation>> Critical developments

Page 41: High thRoughput Optical Network€¦ · Capacity in space. Extend terrestrial Fiber Networks seamlessly by “Fibrein the Sky”. Introduction to HydRON HydRON High thRoughput Optical

ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use 26Jun / 1Jul 2020 Slide 41

AgendaØ Introduction to the HydRON MissionØ Envisioned usage: User Categories, HUGØ Demonstration System and Technology DemonstratorsØ Status of the HydRON Project Preparations Ø Critical technology developments and HydRON-TD’s elementsØ Conclusions, Discussions / Q&A SessionØ Annexes:

ü Annex I - Overview of the Member States Industrial Capability

ü Annex II - Industry Day: Industrial Input Template

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ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use 26Jun / 1Jul 2020 Slide 42

• Why HydRON?• How my industry will

benefit?• What do I gain by

investing?

HydRON is the first programme on optical communications to combine all aspects of • 3D Network architecture (space/terrestrial)

• pre-operational demonstration • industrial capacity buildingto provide a competitive advantage for Europe and Canada.

Conclusions

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ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use 26Jun / 1Jul 2020 Slide 43

Way forward with HydRON

Ø Unique opportunities for your industry to prepare for an upcoming market.

Ø Only limited investments by Operators on the horizon.

Ø ESA initiated project will allow for multiple implementations to maximize industrial participation.

Ø HydRON is about your industry - new pre-developments can be organized to better suit your needs.

Ø Participation in HydRON is essential to:ü have as many industrial

stakeholders join the “club”.

ü start time critical developments as soon as possible.

ü allow early selection on flight opportunities and join forces with “interested parties”.

Ø ESA can offer targeted support to your company in close coordination with your ESA delegation.

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ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use 26Jun / 1Jul 2020 Slide 44

Conclusions

HydRON offers opportunities for your Industry

HydRON great potential as integrated space/ground network infrastructure is of

interest for both individual investors and institutional market

HydRON technical & programmatic challenges require a quick start

Discussions / Q&A

Page 45: High thRoughput Optical Network€¦ · Capacity in space. Extend terrestrial Fiber Networks seamlessly by “Fibrein the Sky”. Introduction to HydRON HydRON High thRoughput Optical

ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use 26Jun / 1Jul 2020 Slide 45

Contacts

C. Vasko

S. Mezzasoma

Harald HauschildtSPL Manager

[email protected]

J. Perdigues

W. El-Dali

M. Politano

Page 46: High thRoughput Optical Network€¦ · Capacity in space. Extend terrestrial Fiber Networks seamlessly by “Fibrein the Sky”. Introduction to HydRON HydRON High thRoughput Optical

ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use 26Jun / 1Jul 2020 Slide 46

AgendaØ Introduction to the HydRON MissionØ Envisioned usage: User Categories, HUGØ Demonstration System and Technology Demonstrators

Ø Status of the HydRON Project Preparations Ø Critical technology developments and HydRON-TD’s elementsØ Discussions / Q&A SessionØ Annexes:

ü Annex I - Overview of the Member States Industrial Capability

ü Annex II - Industry Day: Industrial Input Template

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ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use 26Jun / 1Jul 2020 Slide 47

Annex I

Overview of the Member States Industrial Capability

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ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use 26Jun / 1Jul 2020 Slide 48

Austria BelgiumCzech

RepublicDenmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Luxemburg Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Spain Sweden Switzerland

United Kingdom

Slovenia Canada

100Gbps WDM GEO Laser Comm. Terminal ü ü ü ü

Optical Amplifier ü ü ü üOptical Multiplexing /

De-multiplexing ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü üOptical Switch Matrix ü ü ü

TX/RX Optoelectronics ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü üTX/RX Data Electronics ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü

Interface Electronics ü TBC ü ü TBC ü ü ü üOptical Wideband

Repeater ü ü ü ü ü ü üWDM Optical Feeder Station & equipment ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü

HydRON Network Control Center ü TBC ü ü ü TBC ü ü ü ü

GEO Satellite platform ü ü ü ü ü ü üTerrestrial fibre

network & equipment ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü

HydRON-TD#1 Elements

Overview MS Industrial Capabilities

Elements of HydRON-TD#1(space and ground segments)

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ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use 26Jun / 1Jul 2020 Slide 49

Austria BelgiumCzech

RepublicDenmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Luxemburg Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Spain Sweden Switzerland

United Kingdom

Slovenia Canada

100Gbps WDM LEO Laser Comm. Terminal ü ü ü ü

~10Gbps WDM LEO compact Laser Comm. Terminal ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü

Optical Amplifier ü ü ü ü üOptical Multiplexing / De-

multiplexing ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü üOptical Switch Matrix ü ü üTX/RX Optoelectronics ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü üTX/RX Data Electronics ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü üInterface Electronics ü TBC ü ü TBC ü ü ü ü

Mobile WDM Optical Feeder Station & equipment ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü

LEO Satellite platform ü ü ü ü ü ü ü

HydRON-TD#2Elements

Overview MS Industrial Capabilities

Elements of HydRON-TD#2(space and ground segments)

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MS Industrial Capabilities

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MS Industrial CapabilitiesPotential candidates might include the following Industrial Partners:

..but more candidates are welcome

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ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use 26Jun / 1Jul 2020 Slide 52

Annex II

Industry Day: Industrial Input Template

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ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use 26Jun / 1Jul 2020 Slide 53

Industry input

As perspective industrial partners you can express here your interest towards:

• specific technologies

• specific element of the HydRON-TD#1 and #2

So please cross your areas of competence/interest and describe your heritage.

HydRON might be the right framework to exploit your capabilities and further develop

the ESA HydRON Team is ready to support you and further iterate.

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ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use 26Jun / 1Jul 2020 Slide 54

Industry interest: Critical technology developments

HydRON critical technnology developments

HydRON Simulator test-bench

Optical technologies

for next generation

high throughput

optical inter-

satellite links

WDM Laser Sources at 1064nm

High-Power Optical

Multiplexer at 1064nm

High-Power Optical

Multiplexer at 1550nm

WDM GEO Laser

Communication Terminal

WDM High-Power Optical

Amplifier at 1064nm

WDM High-Power Optical

Amplifier at 1550nm

WDM LEO Laser

Communication Terminal

GEO Optical Switch Matrix 25x25

Space assessment of high-data rate Data Electronics

for GEO environment

Broadband low-mass &

low-consumption Demodulator

Space assessment of high-data rate Data Electronics

for LEO environment

WDM LEO compact

Laser Communication Terminal

LEO Optical Switch Matrix 25x25

Broadband low-mass &

low-consumption Modulator

reliable GEO OFL

demonstration

reliable LEO OFL

demonstration

Aircraft detection system for

Optical Ground Stations

Turbulence monitoring equipment

Competence/interest

Heritage

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ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use 26Jun / 1Jul 2020 Slide 55

Industry interest: HydRON-TD’s elements

Competence/interest Heritage

HydRON TD#2 -Elements

100Gbps WDM LEO Laser Comm.

Terminal

~10Gbps WDM LEO compact Laser Comm.

Terminal

Optical Amplifier

Optical Multiplexing /

De-multiplexing

Optical Switch Matrix

TX/RX Optoelectronics

TX/RX Data Electronics

Interface Electronics

Transportable WDM Optical

Feeder Station & equipment

LEO Satellite platform

Competence/interest Heritage

HydRON TD#1 - Elements

100Gbps WDM GEO Laser Comm. Terminal

Optical Amplifier

Optical Multiplexing / De-multiplexing

Optical Switch Matrix

TX/RX Optoelectronics

TX/RX Data Electronics

Interface Electronics

Optical Wideband Repeater

WDM Optical Feeder Station & equipment

HydRON Network Control Center

GEO Satellite platform

Terrestrial fibre network & equipment

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ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use 26Jun / 1Jul 2020 Slide 56

HydRON key Elements: Space, HydRON-TD#1

WDM LPOA

(Low Power Optical

Amplifier)Optical

Crossconnect

WDM GEO LCT

- Optical head- Terminal

control electronics

RX Optoelectronics

- Photodetectors

RX Data Electronics- Deserializer /

Decoder

TX Data Electronics

- Serializer / Coder

TX Optoelectronics

- Lasers- Modulators

WDM HPOA

(High Power Optical

Amplifier)

WDM LPOA

(Low Power Optical

Amplifier)WDM GEO

LCT- Optical head

- Terminal control

electronicsWDM HPOA(High Power

Optical Amplifier)

Customer’s Payload by Operator

RX Payload Interface

Electronics

TX Payload Interface

Electronics

Optical reconfigurable Wideband Repeater

- Optical frequency conversion- Optical amplification

- O/E conversion

Bidirectional 100 Gbps - 10 WDM Ch- 10 Gbps/Ch

WDM DeMux

WDMMux

WDM DeMux

WDMMux

...

HydRON Network Control

Center

Terrestrial Network

Optical Ground Station (fixed / transportable)

HydRON sat(s) in GEO or LEO

Bidirectional 100 Gbps - 10 WDM Ch- 10 Gbps/Ch

= HydRON TD#1 Elements

Optical Ground Station (fixed / transportable)

= Customer’s Elements

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ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use 26Jun / 1Jul 2020 Slide 57

HydRON key Elements: Space, HydRON-TD#2

Optical Crossconnect

WDM LEO Constellation

Optical Terminal

RX Optoelectronics

- Photodetectors

RX Data Electronics- Deserializer /

Decoder

TX Data Electronics

- Serializer / Coder

TX Optoelectronics

- Lasers- Modulators

WDM LPOA

(Low Power Optical

Amplifier)

WDM LEO compact

LCT- Optical head

- Terminal control

electronicsWDM HPOA(High Power

Optical Amplifier)

Customer’s Payload by Operator

TX Payload Interface

Electronics

Bidirectional 100 Gbps - 10 WDM Ch- 10 Gbps/Ch

WDM DeMux

WDMMux

HydRON Network Control

Center

Terrestrial Network

Optical Ground Station (fixed / transportable)

Constellation sat(s) in LEO

Bidirectional ~10 Gbps

= HydRON TD#1 Elements

Optical Ground Station (fixed / transportable)

WDM LPOA

(Low Power Optical

Amplifier)

WDM LEO LCT- Optical head

- Terminal control electronics

WDM HPOA

(High Power Optical

Amplifier)

WDM DeMux

WDMMux

Bidirectional 100 Gbps - 10 WDM Ch- 10 Gbps/Ch

HydRON sat(s) in GEO

= HydRON TD#2 Elements

WDM LEO Constellation

Optical Terminal

WDM LEO Constellation

Optical Terminal

LEO Constellation RX / TX Data & Interface Electronics

LEO Constellation RX / TX Data & Interface Electronics

LEO Constellation RX / TX Data & Interface Electronics

Constellation sat(s) in LEO

Bidirectional ~10 Gbps

Constellation sat(s) in LEO

Constellation sat(s) in LEO

RX Payload Interface

Electronics

...

Bidirectional ~10 Gbps

Bidirectional ~10 Gbps

= Customer’s Elements

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ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use 26Jun / 1Jul 2020 Slide 58

Contacts

C. Vasko

S. Mezzasoma

Harald HauschildtSPL Manager

[email protected]

J. Perdigues

W. El-Dali

M. Politano