high tunnel raspberries
DESCRIPTION
Presentation of University of Minnesota High Tunnel Raspberry production research during 2009. Presented by Emily Hoover, Steve Poppe, Emily Tepe and Ron Branch at the 2009 Minnesota Statewide High Tunnel Conference in Alexandria, MN on Dec. 2-3, 2009.TRANSCRIPT
http://hightunnels.cfans.umn.edu/
High Tunnel
Raspberry Research
Morris, MNAlexandria, MN
Grand Rapids, MN
2009 Update
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High Tunnel Berries at theUniversity of Minnesota
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High Tunnel Berries at theUniversity of Minnesota
Individual donations
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The Tunnel
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Irrigation
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Netting
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PlantingMay 2008
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TheFirst Year
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TheFirst Year
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Trellising
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© 2009 Regents of the University of Minnesota
“…the raspberries produced from the high tunnel were absolutely phenomenal….”
“Some of the biggest I have ever seen.”
“…plump, sweet and tart!!!! Nice bright color…not bruised at all.”
“We loved the raspberries....”
-Joshua O’Brien, Executive ChefUniversity of Minnesota MorrisSodexo Campus Services
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Heat
OLD
NEW
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UM MorrisData
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FieldHeightCaroline 8/14/09
Autumn Britten8/14/09
3’4’
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High TunnelHeightCaroline 8/14/09
Autumn Britten8/14/09
6’ 5’
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22
39
47
24
5560
22
39
45
25
56
73
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
6/1/2009 7/1/2009 8/1/2009
Primocane Height Two Varieties in Field and High Tunnel
(inches)
Autumn Britten Field
Autumn Britten High Tunnel
Caroline Field
Caroline High Tunnel.
Inch
es
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40
106
58
99
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
8/5/2009 8/15/2009 8/25/2009 9/4/2009 9/14/2009 9/24/2009 10/4/2009 10/14/2009 10/24/2009
Poun
ds/
36 li
near
feet
of r
owCumulative Yield
Two Varieties in Field and High Tunnel(Pounds/36 linear foot of row)
Field, Autumn Britten
High Tunnel Autumn Britten
Field Caroline
High Tunnel Caroline
© 2009 Regents of the University of Minnesota
40
106
58
99
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Cumulative YieldTwo Varieties in Field and High Tunnel
(Pounds/36 linear feet of row)
Field, Autumn Britten
High Tunnel Autumn Britten
Field Caroline
High Tunnel CarolinePoun
ds/3
6 lin
ear
feet
of r
ow
© 2009 Regents of the University of Minnesota
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
8/12/2009 8/26/2009 9/9/2009 9/23/2009 10/7/2009
Oun
ces
Individual Berry Weight Two Varieties in Field and High Tunnel
(ounces)
High Tunnel Autumn Britten
Field, Autumn Britten
High Tunnel Caroline
Field Caroline
Average berry size in a 6 oz. Driscoll’s clamshell
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Cost of Construction: 30’ x 48’ High TunnelFarmTek Growers Supply 30’ x 48’ High Tunnel $2700.00
Hired labor to construct $1778.00
Thermostatically controlled roll-up sides $1600.00
Electrical $1200.00
Wood materials with door $800.00
Drip irrigation $160.00
Total Initial Costs $8238.00
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Potential Income from 30’ x 48’ High Tunnel in the Second Year (First Full Harvest Year)
106.32 pounds/36 feet of linear row x 3 rows per 30’x 48’ high tunnel
318.96 pounds
Number of 6oz. containers filled 850
Price per 6 oz. container $4.50
Total per 30’ x 48’ high tunnel in the second year (first full harvest year)
$3825.00
© 2009 Regents of the University of Minnesota
Potential Return on InvestmentPlanting Year 1/3 of full harvest potential $1275.00Second Year Full harvest $3825.00Third Year Full harvest $3825.00Total income after third year $8925.00
Return on initial investment of $8238.00 after third full year.
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Joan J at Alexandria, MN
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Spider Mites
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Spider Mites
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38
6063
43
70
61
40
60 62
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
"6/18/2009" "7/15/2009" "8/14/2009"
Primocane HeightJoan J at three spacings
(inches)
JoanJ_12
JoanJ_18
JoanJ_24
12”
spac
ing
12”
spac
ing
12”
spac
ing
18”
spac
ing
18”
spac
ing
18”
spac
ing
24”
spac
ing
24”
spac
ing
24”
spac
ing
Inch
es
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121
115
81
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
8/10 8/15 8/20 8/25 8/30 9/4 9/9 9/14 9/19 9/24 9/29
Poun
ds/3
6 fe
et o
f row
Cumulative YieldJoan J at three spacings
(pounds/36 feet of row)
12
18
24
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0.10
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
0.20
0.22
0.24
0.26
0.28
8/10 8/15 8/20 8/25 8/30 9/4 9/9 9/14 9/19 9/24 9/29
Oun
ces
Individual Berry WeightJoan J at three spacings
(ounces)
12
18
24
Average berry size in a 6 oz. Driscoll’s clamshell
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http://hightunnels.cfans.umn.edu/
High Tunnel Primocane-Fruiting Raspberry
Production at Grand Rapids-Year Two
Shengrui YaoDepartment of HorticultureNorth Central Research and Outreach Center
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Objectives:• Evaluate five primocane-fruiting raspberry
cultivars • Compare their performance in the high tunnel
with field planting• Monitor temperature changes in high tunnel
and potential winter damage• Monitor pest and disease problems in the
high tunnel • Disseminate the information to potential
growersSpecial thanks to Northeast Minnesota Sustainable Development Partnership for their support of this project
© 2009 Regents of the University of Minnesota
Tunnel management:
• Drip irrigation with 2 T-tapes/row• Fertigation for soil fertility management in
2009• Opening/closing tunnel sides to control tunnel
temperature• Many wild bumble bees and honey bees for
pollination occurred naturally in the area• Propane heater for frost protection
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Yield data• In 2008, total of 154 lb of berries were harvested from
our 21x48 ft high tunnel from August 5 to November 6.
• In 2009, total of 379 lb of berries were harvested from our 21x48 ft high tunnel which was equivalent to 16,000 lb/acre from August 5 to November 2.
• In 2009, 80 lb of berries were harvested from the field planting from August 12 to October 5.
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Yield (continued): Total Yields of high tunnel and field raspberries in 2008 and 2009
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
8/5 8/19 9/2 9/16 9/30 10/14 10/28Date
Yiel
d (lb
)
HT 08
HT 09
Field 09
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Fruit earliness:
0
100
200
300
400
500
8/5 8/19 9/2 9/16 9/30 10/14 10/28
Yiel
d (g
)
Date
Raspberry yield of five cultivars in high tunnel in 2009
A BlissA BrittenCarolineJoan JPolana
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Productivity (2009):
*This yield is the berry weight per plant of the “original planting” in 2008.
Cultivar Yield (lb) Yield (g)Autumn Bliss 3.2 b 1464 bAutumn Britten 3.9 ab 1790 abCaroline 5.0 a 2263 aJoan J 4.5 ab 2026 abPolana 4.8 a 2191 a
Row1 3.0 b 1349 bRow2 4.6 a 2108 aRow3 4.9 a 2216 aRow4 4.6 a 2093 a
Wt/berry (g) 2008 2009Autumn Bliss 3.7 3.3Autumn Britten 5.2x 4.2Caroline 4.1 4.2Joan J 4.9 4.6Polana 4.1 3.8
Average HT berry weight (g)
X Autumn Britten had double fruits in 2008 which made the average berry weight higher.
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Cultivars:• Autumn Bliss: small fruit, fewer canes, very thorny, mid
season.• Autumn Britten: nice fruit, fewer canes, mid season,
(double berries)• Caroline: most vigorous, lots of canes and branches, nice
flavor and fruits, very productive, moderate thorns, late cultivar
• Joan J: nice and big fruit, thornless, mid season cultivar• Polana: very early, short plants, small and glossy fruits,
moderate thornsBare root plants were planted in the high tunnel at May 9, and in the field on May 12, 2008
Hand thinned most of Caroline plots and some Joan J plots in mid May and early July, 2009.
© 2009 Regents of the University of Minnesota
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
12/1/2008 12/21/2008 1/10/2009 1/30/2009 2/19/2009 3/11/2009
Tem
pera
ture
(F)
Date
Temperature changes in and outside of raspberry high tunnel in winter of 2008/2009
Max outMin outMax inMin in
Air temperature changes in and outside of high tunnel during winter of 2008/2009
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Air temperature changes in and outside of raspberry high tunnel during
growing season of 2009
10
30
50
70
90
110
4/1 4/21 5/11 5/31 6/20 7/10 7/30 8/19 9/8 9/28 10/18
Tem
pera
ture
(F)
Date
Maximum and minimum temperature changes in and outside of raspberry high tunnel in 2009
Max inMin inMax outMin out
Heater effect
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Snow cover in winter No snow in winter
Dec 15, 2008
Growing points(5/15/09)
Autumn Bliss 9.5 cd
Autumn Britten 8.5 d
Caroline 25.7 a
Joan J 14.4 bc
Polana 17.8 b
Snow 17.2 a
No snow 13.1 b
High tunnel 5-19-09
Field 5-19-09
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Joan J
9-27-09Caroline
Joan J© 2009 Regents of the University of Minnesota
PolanaJoan J
Autumn Britten
Caroline
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• High tunnel: – Raspberry sawflies for both 2008 and 2009– Spider mites
• Appeared later in the season in 2008 without treatment;• Released parasitic mites and spot treated with insecticidal soap
in 2009
– Cane borer (one cane in 2008)– Crown gall (one plant in 2008)– No other disease pressure
• Field: only raspberry sawfly in 2008 and 2009
Raspberry Pests and Diseases at Grand Rapids
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What we learned in 2008 and 2009
• High tunnel primocane-fruiting raspberry is doable in MN even in northern MN
• Tissue culture plants are highly recommended• Cane thinning and early pinching may be necessary
for some vigorous cultivars• Limit N application if N was high in your high tunnels• Heat equipment is necessary for frost protection in
northern Minnesota
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