higher cortical functions and basis of language
DESCRIPTION
physioTRANSCRIPT
HIGHER CORTICAL FUNCTIONS and the
BASIS OF LANGUAGE Imelda D. Rivera, RMT, MD, FPSP
Department of Anatomy
College of Medicine
UERMMMCI
OBJECTIVES
• At the end of the study, the student should be
able to:
– Identify the lobes, gyri and sulci.
– Enumerate the subdivisions & regions of the cerebral
cortex.
– Describe the layers of the cortex.
– Differentiate the anatomical, functional and Brodmann
areas.
– Discuss the basis of language.
– Explain cerebral dominance.
– Differentiate common disorders of the cortex.
DIENCEPHALON
HYPOTHALAMUS
OPTIC CHIASM
TUBER
CINEREUM
MAMMILARY
BODY
INFERIOR
CHOROID PLEXUS
SUPERIOR
MEDIAL
THALAMUS
STRIA
MEDULLARIS
THALAMI
INFUNDIBULUM
Central sulcus of
Rolando
Lateral sulcus of
Sylvius
Parieto-
occipital sulcus
Calcarine
sulcus Anterior horizontal ramus
Anterior ascending ramus
Posterior ramus
FRONTAL
Opercular
Triangular
PRECENTRAL
SUPERIOR FRONTAL
MIDDLE FRONTAL
Orbital
INFERIOR FRONTAL
gyrus sulcus
PRECENTRAL
SUPERIOR FRONTAL
INFERIOR FRONTAL
STRAIGHT/GYRUS RECTUS
OLFACTORY SULCUS
ORBITAL GYRI
PARIETAL
POSTCENTRAL SUPERIOR LOBULE
INFERIOR LOBULE/ANGULAR
GYRUS SULCUS
POSTCENTRAL
INTRAPARIETAL
PRECUNEUS
PARACENTRAL LOBLE
SUPERIOR
MIDDLE
INFERIOR
TEMPORAL
SUPRAMARGINAL
GYRUS SULCI
SUPERIOR TEMPORAL
INFERIOR TEMPORAL
INSULA
TRANSVERSE/HESCHL
TEMPORAL
OCCIPITAL
CUNEUS
LINGUAL GYRUS
CALCARINE
SULCUS
LIMBIC
CINGULATE
PARAHIPPOCAMPAL
CINGULATE SULCUS
COLLATERAL SULCUS
LATERAL
OCCIPITOTEMPORAL
MEDIAL
OCCIPITOTEMPORAL
OCCIPITOTEMPORAL
SULCUS
RHINAL SULCUS
PUTAMEN
GLOBUS
PALLIDUS
CLAUSTRUM
CAUDATE NUCLEUS,
HEAD
FIBERS (WHITE MATTER)
• COMMISSURAL
• ASSOCIATION
• PROJECTION
Commissural Fibers
• Corpus callosum
• Anterior commissure
• Posteior commissure
• Commissure/Crura of the fornix
• Habenular
Association Fibers
• Short
– Arcuate loops
• Long
– Uncinate fasciculus
– Cingulum
– Superior longitudinal fasciculus
– Inferior longitudinal fasciculus
– Fronto-occipital fasciculus
Projection Fibers
• Internal capsule
• External capsule
• Corona radiata
• Optic radiations
What’s a good pick up line an axon terminal
can use on a dendrite?
“Let’s connect!”
Why are neuroanatomy classes the
smartest?
Because they have lots of brains.
CORTEX (GRAY MATTER)
• Cells
• Layers
• Functional areas
• Brodmann areas
• Pyramidal
• Stellate/Granule
• Fusiform
• Horizontal cells (of Cajal)
• Cells of Martinotti
Cells
Cortex
SUBDIVISIONS
• Neocortex
• Paleocortex
• Archicortex
REGIONS
• Isocortex
• Mesocortex
• Allocortex
• Corticoid areas
Functional Areas
Functional Areas
• Primary areas
• Association areas
–Unimodal
–Heteromodal
Brodmann Areas
DISORDERS OF CORTICAL NETWORKS
• AGNOSIAS
– Visual
– Tactile
– Auditory
• APRAXIAS
– Ideomotor
– Ideational
– Kinetic/Motor
– Gait
• APHASIAS
– Broca
– Wernicke
– Global
– Conduction
