higher resolution, higher frame rate, and higher dynamic range in context

Mark Schubin, HPA Tech Retreat, 2014 February 20Mark Schubin, HPA Tech Retreat, 2014 February 20 11

Higher Resolution, Higher Frame Higher Resolution, Higher Frame Rate, and Higher Dynamic Range in Rate, and Higher Dynamic Range in

ContextContextMark Schubin, SchubinCafe.comMark Schubin, SchubinCafe.com

(expanded version on YouTube: UHD (expanded version on YouTube: UHD bang)bang)


Single-Camera “4K” ShootingSingle-Camera “4K” Shooting Lens MTF (no long-range Lens MTF (no long-range

zoom)zoom) Storage speed, capacity Storage speed, capacity Multiple benefits for HD outputMultiple benefits for HD output

reframing in postreframing in post image stabilization in postimage stabilization in post easier filteringeasier filtering

oversamplingoversampling possible single-sensor 3Dpossible single-sensor 3D

Increased sharpnessIncreased sharpness somewhatsomewhat

Desired HDDesired HD Skewed HD

Skewed HD

Resulting “HD”Resulting “HD”

4k4k

image stabilization or reframingimage stabilization or reframing

3D via side-by-side images on a 4K sensor3D via side-by-side images on a 4K sensor(e.g., Zepar lenses on Phantom 65)(e.g., Zepar lenses on Phantom 65)


HPA on “4K” - 2000 to 2014HPA on “4K” - 2000 to 2014 earlier DoDearlier DoD Lockheed-Lockheed-

Martin 3-CCDMartin 3-CCD (12Mpel (12Mpel

each)each) Dalsa OriginDalsa Origin Red OneRed One ARRIARRI D20/21 D20/21 The Girl with The Girl with

the Dragon the Dragon TattooTattoo

ARRIARRI


2013 Top Box-Office Movies2013 Top Box-Office Movies 1: 1: The Hunger Games: Catching FireThe Hunger Games: Catching Fire - film (which is - film (which is

“dead”)“dead”) 2: 2: Iron Man 3 - Iron Man 3 - ARRI AlexaARRI Alexa (and others) (and others) 3: 3: FrozenFrozen - animated - animated 4: 4: Despicable Me 2Despicable Me 2 - animated - animated 5: 5: Man of Steel Man of Steel - film (which is “dead”)- film (which is “dead”) 6: 6: Monsters University Monsters University - animated- animated 7: 7: Gravity Gravity - - ARRI AlexaARRI Alexa 8: 8: The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug - Red Epic- Red Epic 9: 9: Fast & Furious 6 Fast & Furious 6 - film (which is “dead”)- film (which is “dead”) 10: 10: Oz the Great and Powerful Oz the Great and Powerful - Red Epic- Red Epic

ARRI AlexaARRI Alexa28802880 x 1620 x 1620

--------------------------------------------

2880 < 3k2880 < 3k


Live on February 27 (next Thursday)Live on February 27 (next Thursday)


EBU at HPA 2013 - 56” ScreenEBU at HPA 2013 - 56” Screen

““4K”@60 fps = 8x uncompressed data rate of either 720p60 or 1080i304K”@60 fps = 8x uncompressed data rate of either 720p60 or 1080i30


EBU at IBC 2013EBU at IBC 2013 approx.approx.full-gradefull-gradeincreaseincreaseperperdoublingdoublingof frameof framerate forrate forchosenchosencontent:content:2x data 2x data per per gradegrade w/ “4k” w/ “4k” = 16x = 16x raterate


Source Material MattersSource Material Matters


HDRHDR

““A ‘4k’ display delivers the best HD you’ve ever A ‘4k’ display delivers the best HD you’ve ever seen”seen”

report on “The Great Debate”report on “The Great Debate”


HDRHDR

““A ‘4k’ display delivers the best HD you’ve ever A ‘4k’ display delivers the best HD you’ve ever seen” ARRI side-by-side Alexa demo HDR HD and seen” ARRI side-by-side Alexa demo HDR HD and 4K displays; quoted person agreed that HDR HD 4K displays; quoted person agreed that HDR HD looked betterlooked better

HDR can increase picture detail (reduced clipping)HDR can increase picture detail (reduced clipping) consumer TVs already have more DR than reference consumer TVs already have more DR than reference

monitorsmonitors Contrast contributes to “sharpness”Contrast contributes to “sharpness”

higher resolution can result in reduced contrasthigher resolution can result in reduced contrast


At Finer Detail Contrast Affects Sharpness At Finer Detail Contrast Affects Sharpness MoreMore

contr

as

contr

as

tt

resolutionresolution

““sharpness”sharpness”proportionalproportionalto area orto area orsquare ofsquare of

area underarea undercurvecurve


True HDR Even MoreTrue HDR Even More

contr

as

contr

as

tt

resolutionresolution


While We Await HDR Viewer Test While We Await HDR Viewer Test ResultsResults

photo byphoto byDeborahDeborahMcAdamsMcAdams


HDR Data Rate IncreaseHDR Data Rate Increase Theoretically: noneTheoretically: none

bit-depth simply determines bit-depth simply determines SNR (~ 6 dB/bit) when at least SNR (~ 6 dB/bit) when at least ½-LSB is noise½-LSB is noise

Practically: causes contouringPractically: causes contouring contouring halved per bitcontouring halved per bit contouring eliminated when contouring eliminated when ½-½-

LSB matches or less than noiseLSB matches or less than noise 12-bit over 10-bit = 0.2x rate12-bit over 10-bit = 0.2x rate No EBU data released yet, No EBU data released yet,

but, if only 0.5-grade, but, if only 0.5-grade, 0.4x/grade0.4x/grade

higher resolution, higher frame rate, and higher dynamic range in context

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