highway maintenance and rehabilitation
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Highway Maintenance andRehabilitationHighway Maintenance andRehabilitation
_____________________________________
Highway Engineering
_____________________________________
Highway Engineering
Espinosa, E.Espinosa, E.
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A. Highway MaintenanCE
- the preservation and keeping of each type of
roadway, roadside, structures and facilities as nearly as
possible in its original condition as constructed or as
subsequently improved the operation of highway facilities
and services to provide satisfactory and safe
transportation.
-- AAH!"
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Objectives
#. Highway programs and activities are measured by the
amount of e$penditures for construction of new
facilities and reconstruction of e$isting structure with the
aim of keeping up with the traffic demand.
%. &aintenan'E has its own role( by giving priority to local,
rural ) urban facilities particularly the paving )
rehabilitation after the contruction has been completed.
*. &aintenan'E is focused on the DO BETTERMENT
PROJECTS.
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Categories of MaintenanCE :
Road Surface
Shoulder and Aroach
!ridge
"raffic Services
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Road Surface MaintenanCE
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MaintenanCE Oerations re#uires:
#. +or Gravel Roads, blading and periodic reshaping or
resurfacing is a routine for periodic maintenan'E
activity.
%. +or Surface Treatment of low type bituminous
pavement, maintenan'E could be patching, seal coating,
remi$ing and relaying.
*. +or Slick s!"alt Surface# roughening, burning or non
skid seal is required.
. +or Concrete Road# maintenan'E could be removal
and replacement or filling of damaged areas.
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Shoulder and Aroach
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MaintenanCE of Shoulder and Aroach:
#. Sod S"oulders should be removed andperiodically bladed down to the roadway elevation to
avoid entrapment of water in the travelled way.
%. Grass prevent soulder erosion.
*. Gravel and Eart" shoulder should be maintained
by blading under favorable weather conditions.
. Ruttin$ and Settin$ the shoulder should be
corrected at once by reconstruction or re- surfacing.
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Roadside
Conditions
$ngenious Machine %sed
&rainage
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Conditions for the MaintenanCE of Roadside:
#. f the roadside is full of /A, mo%in$
closer to the shoulder is the answer.
%. f the roadside has dry /A considered as
fire ha0ard, &urnin$ or !lo%in$ is the
solution.
*. f bushes cover the back-slope, trimmin$ is
necessary to maintain clearance and sight
distance.
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$ngenious Machine %sed:
a. Mec"anical Sod Cutter
b. Com&ined Seed ' (ertili)er S!reader
c. Po%er Mo%ers
d. Porta&le Grass Cutter
e. Bus" Mo%er
f. Bus" C"o!!er
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$ngenious Machine %sed:
a.&echanical od 'utter
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$ngenious Machine %sed:
b. 'ombined eed ) +ertili0er preader
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$ngenious Machine %sed:
c. 1ower &owers
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$ngenious Machine %sed:
d. 1ortable rass 'utter
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$ngenious Machine %sed:
e. 2ush &ower
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$ngenious Machine %sed:
f. 2ush 'hopper
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&rainage
' !he means of removing surplus water orliquid waste
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&rainage MaintenanCE:
#. Cleanin$of ditches, culvert, drop inlets and
catch basins to accomodate free flow of water.
%. Removal of sediments, branches and other
debris gathered at trash racks, culvert and structure
entrances.
*. Re!air of eroded channels and dikes.
. /iprap and bank !rotection to prevent
recurrence
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!ridge
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!ridge MaintenanCE: (
#. +or steel &rid$e structure, the routinemaintenance calls for cleaning by sandblasting,
flame or other means of repainting.
%. 'leaning and re-sealing of deck *oints that are
e$truded or filled with dirt.
*. /epair of drainage "andrails.
. /e-surfacing of rough or slicky deck surface.
3. 'orrect serious scour around the!ier ' a&utments.
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!ridge MaintenanCE: )
4. &ost bridges maintenance is considered s!eciali)ed%ork.
5. 'oncrete &rid$e decks normally deteriorate due to
deicing salts.
6. 'orrection is to remove the concret, clean the steel and
apply new materials such as!ol+mer concrete.
7. ometimes, seal-out overlay of as!"alt materials are
used as protective covering.
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!ridge MaintenanCE: *
#8. 'heck the &rid$e deckdeterioration by(
a. Applying waterproof membranes.
b. Applying late$ modified concrete.
c. mpregnating the deck with polymers.
d. 1assing electric current through reinforcing
steel.
##. f decks are dismantled, an epo$y coated reinforcing
steel may be used.
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"raffic Services
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"raffic Services
Maintenance oerations of highway includes thetraffic services li+e :
tripping is a continuing functions
/epair of road signs &aintenance of street and highway light and signals.
'oping up w9 emergencies.
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!. Rehabilitation
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,ave-ent Rehabilitation
- is an activity primarily to provide good riding and
skid resistance or to improve the structural effectiveness
of the pavement.
- :resurfacing, restoration and rehabilitation work,
restoring the original safe usable condition w9o addition to
the original capacity;
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Objectives :
Source : AASH"O
#. !o improve the smoothness of the road
surface.
%. !o e$tend the pavement life.
*. !o improve the skid resistance of the road.
. !o construct the sections with poor
foundations.
3. !o improve the drainage facilities.
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"he Efficiency of highway syste- could be
rated by :
#. ufficiency ratings.
%. Accident data.
*. kid tests.
. &aintenance report.
3. 1ublic comments and suggestions.
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Others :
a. /esurfacing
b. /estoration and /ehabilitation
c. 1avement &aintenance
d. ?efinition of terms
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Resurfacing
t is the addition of pavement layer over the e$istingroadway or bridge deck surface to provide additional
capacity.
@ote (
!he additional re-surface pavement should not be less than
%8 mm in thickness.
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Restoration Rehabilitation
!his includes (
#. /eplacement of defective oints.
%. /epair of spalled oints.
*. ubstantial pavement work
. /eworking or strenthening of sub-base.
3. /ecycling e$isting materials to improve their
structural integrity.
4. Adding under drains
5. mproving houlders
6. /emoving ) replacing deteriorated materials.
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,ave-ent MaintenanCE
!his refers to actions that are corrective or
preventive.
/econstruction - refers to the removal of e$isting
pavement and replacing them w9 a new pavement and under
course.
"verlays - could be either by 1ortland cement or Asphalt
concrete laid on an e$isting pavement.
/ecycling B means repeated use of e$isting materials
working on asphalt materials, portland cement or lime.
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/ecycling
enerally, recycling contribute to the stabili0ation of cost
conservation due to inadequate material resources and reducton
of energy requirements.
,A/EME0" REC1C2$03 is categori0e into (
#. !he type of materials to be used.
%. !he 1rocedure to be employed.
*. !he strucutural benefit to be gained.
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/ecycling
/ecycling procedures are as follows (
#> urface /ecycling
%> n place urface and 2ase /ecycling
*> 'entral 1lant /ecycling
,2EASE4 2E" ME E5,2A$0
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&efinition of "ERMS
Surface Roughness
- defined as irregularities in the pavement surface that
adversely affect the riding quality.
Surface &istress
- any indication of unfavorable pavement
performance or signs of impending failure, or any
unsatisfactory performance is a sort of failure
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Any type of distress that may be observed
includes any one of the ff (
a> 6racture associated with load and non-load
cracking.
b> &istortion is a permanent deformation of
faulting
c> &isintegration such as spalling, ravelling and
other failure of the pavement.
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SOME ,O$0"S "O REMEM!ER 77
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+or each &istress "ye4 the corresponding
damage, severity and locations are specified. All data
are gathered and indicated in the survey form as guide.
n case of Surface &eflection4 measurement in the
changes of the pavement surface level between the
loaded and unloaded segment is the basis for
rehabilitation design strategy.
?istress observations could be of static deflection,
steady state of deflection or by the impact load
response as determined by the ?ynaflect and +alling
=eight ?eflection respectively.
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C/+A'E +/'!"@ is determined from gathered
data identifying a pavement section having a low
coefficient of friction. !here are equipment available to
determine the skid number. t is measured a locked
wheel trailer or by the Daw
&ode !railer where the wheels are skewed in
accordance with the direction of !/AEF ...
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"HA08S M%CH6OR "HE "$ME
A0& E66OR"
for 2$S"E0$03999 .
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