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Page 1: Himalaya and Northern Plain - WiFiStudy.com · • The Himalaya consists of three parallel ranges in its longitudinal extent. A number of valleys lie between these ranges. • The

Himalaya and Northern Plain

Page 2: Himalaya and Northern Plain - WiFiStudy.com · • The Himalaya consists of three parallel ranges in its longitudinal extent. A number of valleys lie between these ranges. • The

Major Physiological DivisionsThe physical features of India can be grouped under the following physiographic divisions(1) The Himalayan Mountains(2) The Northern Plains(3) The Peninsular Plateau(4) The Indian Desert(5) The Coastal Plains(6) The IslandsThe Himalayan MountainsThe Himalayas, geologically young and structurally fold mountains stretch over the northern borders of India.

प्रमुख भौतिक प्रभाग

भारि की भौतिक तिशेषिाओं को

तिम्नतितखि भौतिक तिभाजिों के अंिगगि

िगीकृि ककया जा सकिा है

(१) तहमािय पिगि

(२) उत्तरी मैदाि

(३) प्रायद्वीपीय पठार

(४) भारिीय रेतगस्िाि

(५) िटीय मैदाि

(६) द्वीप

तहमािय पिगि

तहमािय, भूगभीय रूप से युिा और

संरचिात्मक रूप से मोड़िे िािे पहाड़

भारि की उत्तरी सीमाओं पर फैिे हुए हैं।

Page 3: Himalaya and Northern Plain - WiFiStudy.com · • The Himalaya consists of three parallel ranges in its longitudinal extent. A number of valleys lie between these ranges. • The
Page 4: Himalaya and Northern Plain - WiFiStudy.com · • The Himalaya consists of three parallel ranges in its longitudinal extent. A number of valleys lie between these ranges. • The

• These mountain ranges run in a west-east direction from the Indus to the Brahmaputra.

• The Himalayas represent the loftiest and one of the most rugged mountain barriers of the world.

• They form an arc, which covers a distance of about 2,400 Km. Their width varies from 400 Km in Kashmir to 150 Km in Arunachal Pradesh.

• The altitudinal variations are greater in the eastern half than those in the western half.

• ये पिगि श्रेतियााँ ससंधु से ब्रह्मपुत्र िकपतिम-पूिग कदशा में चििी हैं।

• तहमािय दतुिया के सबसे ऊबड़-खाबड़ पहाड़ी बाधाओं में से एक ह।ै

• िे एक चाप बिािे हैं, जो िगभग 2,400 ककिोमीटर की दरूी िय करिा ह।ै इिकी चौड़ाई कश्मीर में 400 ककिोमीटर से िेकर अरुिाचि प्रदशे में 150 ककिोमीटर िक ह।ै

• पूिी आधे भाग की िुििा में पूिी अधाांश में तितिधिा अतधक ह।ै

Page 5: Himalaya and Northern Plain - WiFiStudy.com · • The Himalaya consists of three parallel ranges in its longitudinal extent. A number of valleys lie between these ranges. • The

• The Himalaya consists of three parallel ranges in its longitudinal extent. A number of valleys lie between these ranges.

• The northern most range is known as the Great or Inner Himalayas or the ‘Himadri.

• It is the most continuous range consisting of the loftiest peaks with an average height of 6,000 metres. It contains all the prominent Himalayan peaks.

• The folds of Great Himalayas are asymmetrical in nature.

• The core of this part of Himalayas is composed of granite.

• तहमािय अपिी अिुदरै्धयग सीमा में िीि

समािांिर पिगिमािा के होिे हैं। इि

श्रेतियों के बीच कई घाटटयााँ पड़ी हैं।

• उत्तरी सबसे बड़ी सीमा को महाि या

भीिरी तहमािय या तहमाद्री के रूप में

जािा जािा ह।ै

• यह 6,000 मीटर की औसि ऊंचाई के

साथ सबसे ऊंची चोटटयों से युक्त सबसे

तिरंिर सीमा ह।ै इसमें सभी प्रमुख

तहमािय की चोटटयााँ शातमि हैं।

• महाि तहमािय की िहें प्रकृति में तिषम

हैं।

• तहमािय के इस भाग का मुख्य भाग

ग्रेिाइट से बिा ह।ै

Page 6: Himalaya and Northern Plain - WiFiStudy.com · • The Himalaya consists of three parallel ranges in its longitudinal extent. A number of valleys lie between these ranges. • The
Page 7: Himalaya and Northern Plain - WiFiStudy.com · • The Himalaya consists of three parallel ranges in its longitudinal extent. A number of valleys lie between these ranges. • The
Page 8: Himalaya and Northern Plain - WiFiStudy.com · • The Himalaya consists of three parallel ranges in its longitudinal extent. A number of valleys lie between these ranges. • The

• The range lying to the south of the Himadri forms the most rugged mountain system and is known as Himachal or lesser Himalaya.

• The ranges are mainly composed of highly compressed and altered rocks. The altitude varies between 3,700 and 4,500 metres and the average width is of 50 Km.

• While the Pir Panjal range forms the longest and the most important range, the Dhaula Dhar and the Mahabharatranges are also prominent ones.

• तहमाद्री के दतिि में पड़ी सीमा सबसे

अतधक ऊबड़-खाबड़ पहाड़ी प्रिािी

बिािी ह ैऔर इसे तहमाचि या तिम्न

तहमािय के िाम से जािा जािा ह।ै

• पिगिमािा मुख्य रूप से अत्यतधक

संकुतचि और पटरिर्िगि चट्टािों से बिी

होिी हैं। ऊाँ चाई 3,700 से 4,500 मीटर

के बीच होिी ह ैऔर औसि चौड़ाई 50

ककिोमीटर होिी ह।ै

• जबकक पीर पंजाि श्रेिी सबसे िंबी और

सबसे महत्िपूिग सीमा बिािी ह,ै धौिा

धार और महाभारि पिगि भी प्रमुख हैं।

Page 9: Himalaya and Northern Plain - WiFiStudy.com · • The Himalaya consists of three parallel ranges in its longitudinal extent. A number of valleys lie between these ranges. • The

• This range consists of the famous valley of Kashmir, the Kangra and Kullu Valley in Himachal Pradesh.

• This region is well known for its hill stations.

• The outer most range of the Himalayas is called the Shiwaliks. They extend over a width of 10-50 Km and have an altitude varying between 900 and 1100 metres.

• The longitudinal valley lying between lesser Himalaya and the Shiwaliks are known as Duns. Dehra Dun, Kotli Dun and Patli Dun are some of the well-known Duns.

• इस श्रेिी में कश्मीर की प्रतसद्ध घाटी, तहमाचि प्रदशे की कांगड़ा और कुल्िू घाटी शातमि हैं।

• यह िेत्र अपिे तहि स्टेशिों के तिए जािा जािा ह।ै

• तहमािय की सबसे बाहरी सीमा को तशिातिक कहा जािा ह।ै िे 10-50ककमी की चौड़ाई में तिस्िार करिे हैं और 900 और 1100 मीटर के बीच की ऊाँ चाई होिी ह।ै

• कम तहमािय और तशिातिकों के बीच तस्थि अिुदरै्धयग घाटी को दनू्स के िाम से जािा जािा ह।ै दहेरा दिू, कोटिी दिू और पटिी दिू कुछ प्रतसद्ध दिू हैं।

Page 10: Himalaya and Northern Plain - WiFiStudy.com · • The Himalaya consists of three parallel ranges in its longitudinal extent. A number of valleys lie between these ranges. • The
Page 11: Himalaya and Northern Plain - WiFiStudy.com · • The Himalaya consists of three parallel ranges in its longitudinal extent. A number of valleys lie between these ranges. • The

• The part of Himalayas lying between Indus and Satluj has been traditionally known as Punjab Himalaya but it is also known regionally as Kashmir and Himachal Himalaya from west to east respectively.

• The part of the Himalayas lying between Satluj and Kali rivers is known as Kumaon Himalayas. The Kali and Tista rivers demarcate the Nepal Himalayas and the part lying between Tistaand Dihang rivers is known as Assam Himalayas.

• स िंधु और तलुज के बीच स्थितसिमालय के सिसे्स को पारिंपररकरूप े पिंजाब सिमालय के रूप मेंजाना जाता िै, लेसकन इ े के्षत्रीयरूप े कश्मीर और सिमाचलसिमालय के रूप में क्रमशः पसिम ेपूर्व में भी जाना जाता िै।

• तलुज और काली नसियोिं के बीचस्थित सिमालय के सिसे्स को कुमाऊिंसिमालय के नाम े जाना जाता िै।काली और सतस्ता नसियााँ नेपालसिमालय का ीमािंकन करती िैं औरसतस्ता और सििािंग नसियोिं के बीचका सिस्सा अ म सिमालय के रूपमें जाना जाता िै।

Page 12: Himalaya and Northern Plain - WiFiStudy.com · • The Himalaya consists of three parallel ranges in its longitudinal extent. A number of valleys lie between these ranges. • The

The Northern Plain

• The northern plain has been formed by the interplay of the three major river systems, namely– the Indus, the Ganga and the Brahmaputra along with their tributaries.

• This plain is formed of alluvial soil. The deposition of alluvium in a vast basin lying at the foothills of the Himalaya over millions of years, formed this fertile plain.

• The plain being about 2400 Km long and 240 to 320 Km broad, is a densely populated physiographic division.

उत्तरी मैिान

• उत्तरी मैिान का सनमावण तीन प्रमुखनिी प्रणासलयोिं, अिावत् स िंधु, गिंगाऔर ब्रह्मपुत्र की िायक नसियोिं के ाि- ाि हुआ िै।

• यि मैिान जलोढ़ समट्टी े बना िै।लाखोिं र्र्षों े सिमालय की तलिटीमें पडे एक सर्शाल बेस न में जलोढ़का जमार् इ उपजाऊ मैिान कासनमावण करता िै।

• लगभग 2400 सकलोमीटर लिंबा और240 े 320 सकलोमीटर चौडा यिमैिान घनी आबािी र्ाला शारीररकसर्भाजन िै।

Page 13: Himalaya and Northern Plain - WiFiStudy.com · • The Himalaya consists of three parallel ranges in its longitudinal extent. A number of valleys lie between these ranges. • The

• The Northern Plain is broadly divided into three sections.

• The Western part of the Northern Plain is referred to as the Punjab Plains. Formed by the Indus and its tributaries.

• he larger part of this plain lies in Pakistan. The Indus and its tributaries–the Jhelum, theChenab, the Ravi, the Beas and the Satlujoriginate in the Himalaya. This section of the plain is dominated by the doabs.

• Doab’ is made up of two words-‘do’ meaning two and ‘ab’ meaning water. Similarly ‘Punjab’ is also made up two words- ‘Punj’ meaning five and ‘ab’ meaning water.

• उत्तरी मैिान को मोटे तौर पर तीनखिंडोिं में सर्भासजत सकया गया िै।

• उत्तरी मैिान के पसिमी भाग को पिंजाबमैिान किा जाता िै। स िंधु और उ की िायक नसियोिं द्वारा सनसमवत।

• र्ि इ मैिान का बडा सिस्सापासकस्तान में िै। स िंधु और उ की िायक नसियााँ-झेलम, चेंनब, रार्ी, ब्या और तलुज सिमालय में उत्पन्निोती िैं। मैिान के इ सिसे्स में िोआबका र्चवस्व िै।

• िोआब 'िो शब्ोिं े बना िै-' िो 'अिविो और' एब 'अिव जल। इ ी प्रकार‘पिंजाब’ भी िो शब्ोिं े बना िै- ‘पुिंज’ का अिव िै पााँच और ‘अब’ का अिवजल।

Page 14: Himalaya and Northern Plain - WiFiStudy.com · • The Himalaya consists of three parallel ranges in its longitudinal extent. A number of valleys lie between these ranges. • The

• The Ganga plain extends between Ghaggar and Teesta rivers. It is spread over the states of North India, Haryana, Delhi, U.P., Bihar, partly Jharkhand and West Bengal to its East, particularly in Assam lies the Brahmaputra plain.

• According to the variations in relief features, the Northern plains can be divided into four regions.

• The rivers, after descending from the mountains deposit pebbles in a narrow belt of about 8 to 16 km in width lying parallel to the slopes of the Shiwaliks. It is known as bhabar. All the streams disappear in this bhabar belt.

• गिंगा का मैिान घग्गर और तीस्तानसियोिं के बीच फैला हुआ िै। यि उत्तरभारत, िररयाणा, सिल्ली, यूपी, सबिार, आिंसशक रूप े झारखिंड और पसिमबिंगाल के राज्ोिं में फैला हुआ िै, सर्शेर्षकर अ म में ब्रह्मपुत्र का मैिानिै।

• राित ुसर्धाओिं में सभन्नता के अनु ार, उत्तरी मैिानोिं को चार के्षत्रोिं मेंसर्भासजत सकया जा कता िै।

• पिाडोिं े उतरने के बाि नसियााँसशर्ासलकोिं के ढलान के मानािंतरपडी लगभग 8 े 16 सकमी की िंकरीपट्टी में किं कड जमा करती िैं। इ ेभाबर के नाम े जाना जाता िै। इ भाबर बेल्ट में भी धाराएाँ गायब िोजाती िैं।

Page 15: Himalaya and Northern Plain - WiFiStudy.com · • The Himalaya consists of three parallel ranges in its longitudinal extent. A number of valleys lie between these ranges. • The

• South of this belt, the streams and rivers re-emerge and create a wet, swampy and marshy regionknown as terai.

• This was a thickly forested region full of wildlife.

• The largest part of the northern plain is formed of older alluvium. They lie above the flood plains of the rivers and present a terrace like feature. This part is known as bhangar.

• The soil in this region contains calcareous deposits locally known as kankar. The newer, younger deposits of the flood plains are called khadar.

• इ बेल्ट के िसक्षण में, नसियााँ सफर े उभरती िैं और तराई के रूप मेंएक गीली, िलिली और िलिलीके्षत्र बनाती िैं।

• यि र्न्यजीर्ोिं े भरा घना जिंगल िा।

• उत्तरी मैिान का ब े बडा सिस्सापुराने जलोढ़ े बना िै। रे् नसियोिं केबाढ़ के मैिानोिं के ऊपर स्थित िैंऔर एक छत जै ी ुसर्धा पेशकरते िैं। इ भाग को भािंगर केनाम े जाना जाता िै।

• इ के्षत्र की समट्टी में थिानीय रूप ेकचनार के रूप में जाना जाने र्ालाकैले्कररया जमा िोता िै। बाढ़ केमैिानोिं के नए, छोटे सनके्षपोिं कोखािर किा जाता िै।

Page 16: Himalaya and Northern Plain - WiFiStudy.com · • The Himalaya consists of three parallel ranges in its longitudinal extent. A number of valleys lie between these ranges. • The
Page 17: Himalaya and Northern Plain - WiFiStudy.com · • The Himalaya consists of three parallel ranges in its longitudinal extent. A number of valleys lie between these ranges. • The

A landmass bounded by sea on three sides is referred to as

Coast

Peninsula

Island

None of the above

मुद्र के सकनारे तीन तरफ े सघरेएक भू भाग को किा जाता िै

तट

प्रायद्वीप

द्वीप

इनमे े कोई भी निी िं

Page 18: Himalaya and Northern Plain - WiFiStudy.com · • The Himalaya consists of three parallel ranges in its longitudinal extent. A number of valleys lie between these ranges. • The

Mountain ranges in the eastern part of India forming its boundary with Myanmar are collectively called as

Himachal

Purvanchal

Uttarakhand

None of the above

म्ािंमार के ाि भारत के पूर्ी भाग मेंस्थित पर्वत श्रिंखलाओिं को ामूसिकरूप े किा जाता िै

सिमाचल

पूर्ाांचल

उत्तराखिंड

इनमे े कोई भी निी िं

Page 19: Himalaya and Northern Plain - WiFiStudy.com · • The Himalaya consists of three parallel ranges in its longitudinal extent. A number of valleys lie between these ranges. • The

Which of the following passes are located in Western Ghats?

Pal Ghat

Thal Ghat

Bhor Ghat

All of these

सनम्नसलस्खत में े कौन ा िराव पसिमीघाट में स्थित िै?

पाल घाट

िाल घाट

भोर घाट

ये भी

Page 20: Himalaya and Northern Plain - WiFiStudy.com · • The Himalaya consists of three parallel ranges in its longitudinal extent. A number of valleys lie between these ranges. • The

The area flooded by rivers almost every year is called?

Doab

Khadar

Banger

None

लगभग िर ाल नसियोिं द्वारा बाढ़ े िंसचत के्षत्र को किा जाता िै?

िोआब

खािर

बािंगर

कोई निी िं

Page 21: Himalaya and Northern Plain - WiFiStudy.com · • The Himalaya consists of three parallel ranges in its longitudinal extent. A number of valleys lie between these ranges. • The

The great Northern plains of India have been formed by which rivers?

Ganga

Indus

Brahmaputra

All of these

भारत के मिान उत्तरी मैिानोिं कासनमावण सकन नसियोिं द्वारा सकया गयािै?

गिंगा

स िंधु

ब्रह्मपुत्र

ये भी

Page 22: Himalaya and Northern Plain - WiFiStudy.com · • The Himalaya consists of three parallel ranges in its longitudinal extent. A number of valleys lie between these ranges. • The

What is the average height of The Greater Himalaya?

2000

3000

4000

6000

ि गे्रटर सिमालय की औ त ऊाँ चाईक्या िै?

2000

3000

4000

6000

Page 23: Himalaya and Northern Plain - WiFiStudy.com · • The Himalaya consists of three parallel ranges in its longitudinal extent. A number of valleys lie between these ranges. • The

The part of the Himalayas lying between Satluj and Kali rivers is known as?

Punjab Himalaya

Assam Himalaya

Nepal Himalaya

Kumaon Himalaya

तलुज और काली नसियोिं के बीचस्थित सिमालय के सिसे्स को सक नाम े जाना जाता िै?

पिंजाब सिमालय

अ म सिमालय

नेपाल सिमालय

कुमाऊाँ सिमालय

Page 24: Himalaya and Northern Plain - WiFiStudy.com · • The Himalaya consists of three parallel ranges in its longitudinal extent. A number of valleys lie between these ranges. • The

The famous valley of Kashmir lies in which Himalaya?

Trans Himalaya

Shivalik Himalaya

Himachal Himalaya

Himadri Himalaya

कश्मीर की प्रस द्ध घाटी सक सिमालय में स्थित िै?

ट्ािं सिमालय

सशर्ासलक सिमालय

सिमाचल सिमालय

सिमाद्री सिमालय

Page 25: Himalaya and Northern Plain - WiFiStudy.com · • The Himalaya consists of three parallel ranges in its longitudinal extent. A number of valleys lie between these ranges. • The

Which of the following mountain ranges form a dividing line between the Ganges Plain and the Deccan Plateau?

Aravalli

Vindhya

Satpura

Ajanta

सनम्नसलस्खत में े कौन ी पर्वतश्रिंखला गिंगा के मैिान और िक्कन केपठार के बीच एक सर्भाजन रेखाबनाती िै?

अरार्ली

सर्िंध्य

तपुडा

अजिंता

Page 26: Himalaya and Northern Plain - WiFiStudy.com · • The Himalaya consists of three parallel ranges in its longitudinal extent. A number of valleys lie between these ranges. • The

Which of the following is the correct order from North to South?

Bhabhar-Tarai-Aluvial plain

Tarai-Bhabhar-Alluvial plain

Alluvial plain-Tarai-Bhabhar

Alluvial plain-Bhabhar-Tarai

सनम्नसलस्खत में े कौन उत्तर े िसक्षणतक िी क्रम िै?

भाभर-तराई-जलोढ़ मैिान

तराई-भाभर-जलोढ़ मैिान

जलोढ़ मैिान-तराई-भाभर

जलोढ़ मैिान-भाभर-तराई

Page 27: Himalaya and Northern Plain - WiFiStudy.com · • The Himalaya consists of three parallel ranges in its longitudinal extent. A number of valleys lie between these ranges. • The