hindi vyakaran by anwar parvez

8/3/2019 Hindi Vyakaran by Anwar Parvez

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Hkk"kk vkSj O;kdj.k

lkekftd k.kh gksus ds ukrs euq"; dks ijLij loZnk fopkj fofue; djuk iM+rk gSAdHkh og flj fgykus ;k ladsrksa ds ek/;e ls vius fopkjksa ;k Hkkoksa dks vfHkO;Dr dj nsrk

gS rks dHkh mls /ofu;ksa] 'kCnksa ,oa okD;ks a dk lgkjk ysuk iM+rk gSA bl dkj ;g ekf.krgS fd Hkk"kk gh ,d ek= ,slk lk/ku gS] ftlds ek/;e ls euq"; vius n; ds Hkko ,oa efLr"dds fopkj nwljs euq";ksa ds le{k dV dj ldrk gS vkSj bl dkj lekt esa ikjLifjd tqM+kodh fLFkfr curh gSA ;fn Hkk"kk dk pyu u gqvk gksrk rks cgqr laHko gS fd euq"; brukHkkSfrd] oSKkfud ,oa vkfRed fodkl Hkh ugha dj ikrkA Hkk"kk u gksrh rks ekuo vius lq[k&nq%[kdk bt+gkj Hkh ugha dj ldrkA Hkk"kk ds vHkko esa euq"; tkfr vius iwoZtksa ds vuqHkoksa lsykHk ugha mBk ldrhA

Hkk" k k 'kCn laLr ds ^Hk k " k ~ * l s O; qRiUu g SA ^Hk k " k ~ * /k kr q l s vFk Z/ofur gks rk gS&dV djukA ftl ek/;e ls ge vius eu ds Hkko ,oa efLr"d ds fopkjcksydj dV djrs gSa] mls ^Hkk"kk* laKk nh xbZ gSA Hkk"kk gh euq"; dh igpku gksrh gSA mldsO;kid Lo:i ds lEcU/k es a dgk tk ldrk gS fd& ^Hkk"kk og lk/ku gS ftlds ek/;e ls ge lksprs gSa vkSj vius Hkkoksa@fopkjksa dks O;Dr djrs gSaA^^

ifjorZu fr dk fu;e gSA le; ds lkFk&lkFk Hkk"kk es a Hkh ifjorZu vkrk jgrk gSAblh dkj.k laLr] ikfy] kr] viHkza'k vkfn vk;Z Hkk"kkvksa ds LFkku ij vkt fgUnh] jktLFkkuh]xqtjkrh] iatkch] flakh] caxyk] mfM+;k] vlfe;k] ejkBh vkfn vusd Hkk"kk, pfyr gSaA Hkkjrdh jktHkk"kk fgUnh Lohdkjh xbZ gSA

o.kZ fopkj

fdlh Hkk"kk ds O;kdj.k xzaFk es a bu rhu rok s a dh fo'ks"k ,oa vko';d :i lsppkZ@foospuk dh tkrh gSA1- o.kZ 2- 'kCn 3- okD;fgUnh fo'o dh lHkh Hkk"kkvksa esa lokZf/kd oSKkfud Hkk"kk gSA fgUnh esa 44 o.kZ gSa] ftUgsa

nks Hkkxksa esa ckaVk tk ldrk gS& Loj vkSj O;atuA

Loj %,slh /ofu;k ftudk mPpkj.k djus esa vU; fdlh /ofu dh lgk;rk dh vko';drk

ugha gksrh] mUgsa Loj dgrs gS aA Loj X;kjg gksrs gSa] v] vk] b] bZ] m] ] ,] ,s] vks] vkS] _AbUgsa nks Hkkxksa esa ckaVk tk ldrk gSA gz Lo ,oa nh?kZA


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2ftu Lojksa ds mPpkj.k esa vis{kkr de le; yxs] mUgsa gzLo Loj ,oa ftu Lojksa dks

cksyus esa vf/kd le; yxs mUgsa nh?kZ Loj dgrs gSaA bUgsa ek=k }kjk Hkh n'kkZ;k tkrk gSA ;snks Lojksa dks feyk dj curs gSa] vr% bUgsa la;qDr Loj Hkh dgk tkrk gSA

vk] bZ] ] ,] ,s] vks] vkS nh?kZ Loj gSaALojksa ds ek=k :i bl dkj gSa %

v & dksbZ ek=k ugha

vk & k b & f bZ & h

m & q & w , & s ,s & S vks & ks vkS & kS

_ & `

O;atu %tks /ofu;k Lojksa dh lgk;rk ls cksyh tkrh gSa] mUgsa O;atu dgrs gSaA tc ge d cksyrs

gSa rc mlesa d~ $ v feyk gksrk gSA bl dkj gj O;atu Loj dh lgk;rk ls gh cksyk tkrkgSA bUgsa ikp oxks rFkk Li'kZ] vUrLFk ,oa "e O;atuksa es a ckVk tk ldrk gSA

Li'kZ %

d oxZ & d~] [k~] x~] ?k~] ~p oxZ & p~] N~] t~] >~] ~V oxZ & V~] B~] M~]


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32- b] bZ] p oxZ] ;] 'k rkyq rkyO;3- _] V oxZ] j~] "k ew)kZ ew )ZU;4- y] r oxZ] y] l nUr nUR;5- m] ] i oxZ vks"B vks"B~;6- va] ] ] .k] u~] e~ ukfldk ukflD;7- , ,s daB rkyq daB & rkyO;8- vks] vkS daB vks"B dBks"B~;9- o nUr vks"B nUrks"B~;10- g Loj ;U= vfyftg~ok

vuqukfld /ofu;ksa ds mPpkj.k esa o.kZ fo'ks"k dk mPpkj.k LFkku ds lkFk&lkFk ukfldkdk Hkh ;ksx jgrk gSA vr% vuqukfld o.kks dk mPpkj.k LFkku ml oxZ dk mPpkj.k LFkkuvkSj ukfldk gksxkA

tSls va esa daB vkSj ukfldk nksuksa dk mi;ksx gksrk gS vr% bldk mPpkj.k LFkku daBukfldk gksxkA

mPpkj.k dh nf"V ls O;atuksa dks vkB Hkkxksa esa ckaVk tk ldrk gS%1- Li'khZ % ftu O;atuksa ds mPpkj.k esa QsQM+ksa ls NksM+h tkus okyh gok okX;a= ds

fdlh vo;o dk Li'kZ djrh gS vkSj fQj ckgj fudyrh gSA fuEufyf[kr O;atu Li'khZ gSa %d~ [k~ x~ ?k~ ( V~ B~ M~ ~A

4- ukflD; % ftuds mPpkj.k es a gok dk eq[k va'k ukd ls fudyrk gS ~] ~] .k~]u] e~A

5- ikf'Zod % ftuds mPpkj.k esa ftg~ok dk vxyk Hkkx elwM+s dks Nwrk gS vkSj ok;qik'oZ vkl&ikl ls fudy tkrh gS] os ikf'Z od gSa&

tSls & ^y~*A6- dfEir % ftu O;atuksa ds mPpkj.k esa ftg~ok dks nks rhu ckj daiu djuk iM+rk

gS] os dafir dgykrs gSaA tSls&^j*7- mfR{kIr % ftuds mPpkj.k esa ftg~ok dh uksd >Vds ls uhps fxjrh gS rks og mfR{kIr

Qsadk gqvk /ofu dgykrh gSA M~]


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4blds vfrfjDr Loj rfU=;ksa dh fLFkfr vkSj dEiu ds vk/kkj ij o.kks dks ?kks"k vkSj

v?kks"k Js.kh es a Hkh ckaVk tk ldrk gSA?kks"k % ?kks"k dk vFkZ gS ukn ;k xwatA ftu o.kks dk mPpkj.k djrs le; xwat Loj

ra= esa daiu gksrh gS] mUgsa ?kks"k o.kZ dgrs gS aA d oxZ] p oxZ vkfn lHkh oxks ds vfUre rhuo.kZ x~] ?k~] ~] t~] >~] ~ vkfn rFkk ;~ j~ y~ o~ g~ ?kks"k o.kZ dgykrs gSaA blds vfrfjDr lHkh Loj Hkh ?kks"k o.kZ gksrs gSaA budh dqy la[;k rhl gSA

v?kks"k % bu o.kks ds mPpkj.k esa k.kok;q es a dEiu ugha gksrk vr% dksbZ xwat u gksus ls;s v?kks"k o.kZ gksrs gSaA lHkh oxks ds igys vkSj nw ljs o.kZ d~ [k~ p~ N~ 'k~] "k~] l~] vkfn lHkh o.kZv?kks"k gSa] budh la[;k rs jg gSA

'okl ok;qds vk/kkj ij o.kks ds nks Hksn gS a % vYik.k vkSj egkk.kAvYik.k % ftu o.kks ds mPpkj.k esa 'okl ok;q de ek=k esa eq[k fooj ls ckgj fudyrh

gSA d oxZ p oxZ vkfn o.kks dk igyk] rhljk vkS j ikpok o.kZ d~] x~] ~] p~] t~] ~] V~]M~] .k~] r~] n~] u~] i~] c~] e~ vkfn rFkk ;~] j~] y~] o~ vkS j lHkh Loj vYik.k gSaA

egkizk.k % ftu o.kks ds mPpkj.k esa 'okl ok;q vf/kd ek=k esa eq[k fooj ls ckgjfudyrh gS] mUgs a egkizk.k /ofu;k dgrs gSaA izR;sd o.kZ dk nwljk vkSj pkSFkk o.kZ [k~] ?k~] N~]>~] B~]


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5x`ghr Loj & vkW kW [k+] t+] Q+A

fgUnh orZuh dk ekudhdj.k %1- la;qDr o.kZ %

[kM+h ikbZ okys O;atu % [kM+h ikbZ okys O;atuksa dk la;qDr :i [kM+h ikbZ dks gVkdjgh cuk;k tkuk pkfg, ( ;Fkk % [;kfr] yXu] fo?u] dPpk] NTtk] ux.;] dqkk] iF;] /ofu]U;kl] I;kl] fMCck] lH;] jE;] mYys[k] O;kl] 'yksd] jk"Vh;] ;{ek vkfnA2- foHkfDr fpg~u %

d fgUnh ds foHkfDr fpg~u lHkh dkj ds laKk 'kCnksa es a kfrifnd ls iFkd~ fy[ks

tk;(tSls & jke us] jke dks] jke ls vkfn rFkk L=h us] L=h dks] L=h ls vkfnAloZuke 'kCnksa esa ;s fpg~u kfrifnd ds lkFk feykdj fy[ks tk;(tSls & mlus] mldks] mllsA[k loZuke ds lkFk ;fn nks foHkfDr fpg~u gksa rks muesa ls igyk feykdj vkSj nw ljk

iFkd~ fy[kk tk; &tSls & mlds fy,] blesa lsA3- f;k in % la;q f;kvksa es a lHkh vaxhHkwr f;k, iFkd~&iFkd~ fy[kh tk;( tSls

& i


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6esa ;ksx vHkh"V gk sus ij vk dh ek=k ds ij v)Z pUnz kW dk ;ksx fd;k tk;A

tSls & dkWyst] MkWDVj] dkWijsfVo vkfnAfgUnh esa dqN 'kCn ,sls gSa ftuds nks&nks :i cjkcj py jgs gSaA fo}Rlekt esa nksuksa :iksa

dh ,d&lh ekU;rk gS ( tSls xjnu@xnZu] xjeh@xehZ] cjQ@cQZ] fcydqy@fcYdqy] ljnh@lnhZ]dqjlh@dqlhZ] Hkjrh@HkrhZ] Qqjlr@QqlZ r] cjnk'r@cnkZ'r] okfil@okil] vk[khj@vkf[kj]cjru@crZu] nksckjk@nqckjk] nwdku@nqdku vkfnAiwoZdkfyd R;; %

iwoZdkfyd R;; &dj* f;k ls feykdj fy[kk tk,% tSls feykdj] [kk&ihdj] i


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7

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'kCn&fopkj d

ifjHkk"kk % ,d ;k ,d ls vf/kd o.kksZa ls cus lkFkZd /ofu&lewg dks 'kCn dgrs gSaA'kCn ds Hksn % 'kCn dh mRifk ;k lzks r] jpuk ;k cukoV] ;ksx rFkk vFkZ ds vk/

kkj ij 'kCnksa ds fuEu Hksn fd;s tkrs gSa &1- mRifk ds vk/kkj ij

mRifk ,oa lzksr ds vk/kkj ij fgUnh Hkk"kk esa 'kCnksa dks fuEu 4 miHksnksa esa ckVk x;k gS&i rRle 'kCn %

fdlh Hkk"kk esa ;qDr mldh ewy Hkk"kk ds 'kCnks a dks rRle 'kCn dgrs gSaA fgUnh dh ewyHkk"kk laLr ds os 'kCn] tks fgUnh esa T;ksa ds R;ksa ;qDr gksrs gSa] mUgsa rRle 'kCn dgrs gSaA

tSls& vkfydk] viZ.k] vkez] m"V] d.kZ] xnZHk] {ks=Aii rn~Hko 'kCn %

mPpkj.k dh lqfo/kkuqlkj laLr ds os 'kCn] ftudk fgUnh esa :i ifjofrZr gks x;k] fgUnhes a rn~Hko 'kCn dgykrs gSaA tSls & pUnz ls pkn] vfXu ls vkx] ftg~ok ls ^thHk* vkfn cus'kCn rn~Hko 'kCn dgykrs gSaA

rRle&rn~Hko 'kCnksa dh lwph %

rRle rn~Hko rRle rn~Hko

vdk;Z vdkt vfXu vkx v{kj vPNj@vk[kj vxzorhZ vxkM+h v{kr vPNr v{k; vk[kk vf{k vk[k vP;qr vpw dvxz vkxs vKku vtku vxE; vxe vKkuh vutkuk v| vkt vU/kdkj v/ksjkvU/k v/ksjk vUu vukt vkfydk vVkjh vU;= vur vekoL;k vekol vew Y; veksyvuk;Z vukM+h ver vfe;@veh;vfEydk beyh viZ.k vjiu voxq.k vkSxq.k v"V vkBv"Vkn'k vBkjg vdZ vkd@vjd v)Z vk/kk vorkj vkSrkjvJq vklw vxz.kh vxkM+h


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8vxf.kr vufxur vkez vke vkeyd vkoyk vkns'k vk;l vkHkhj vghj vk[ksV vgsjvk;Z vkjt vkyL; vkyl vkfnR;okj brokj vkezpw.kZ vepw jvk'p;Z vpjt vk'kh"k vlhl vkf'ou vklkst vkJ; vkljk b{kq bZ[k bf"Vdk bZaVbZ";kZ bZ"kkZ bZIlk bPNk

mRlkg mNkg mTToy mtyk mikyEHk mykguk myw d mYyw m}Zru mcVu mPp pk


m"V V myw [ky vks[kyh mik/;k; vks>k mifj ij mPN~okl mlkl ,yk byk;ph ,d= bdV~Bk vks"B vksBvad vkd vaxqfy vxqjh

vapy vkpy vaxq"B vaxwBkdad.k daxu deZ dke dVq dM+ok dkZO; djro dYyksy dyksy diZV diM+k dikV fdokM+ dnyh dsykdifnZdk dkSM+h diw Zj diw jdTty dkty d.kZ dku d.Vd dkVk diksr dcw rjdrZjh dSaph dkL;dkj dlsjkdk"B dkB dk;Z dkt dkd dkx@dkSok dkfrZd dkfrd dkapu dapu dkl [kklh fdj.k fdju fdafpr dqNdhfrZ dhjfr dqekj dqvjdqDdj dqkk dqEHkdkj dqEgkjdqf{k dks[k dq"B dks


9/204

9xgu ?kuk xEHkhj xgjk


xzafFk xkB xehZ ?kke xk;d xoS;k xzke xko xzkeh.k xokj xzkgd xkgd xk= xkr xzh"e xehZxzhok xnZu xqEQu xw Fkukxqgk xqQk xq.k xqu

xksikyd Xoky xkse; xkscjxks/kwe xsgw xksLokeh xqlkbZxkSj xksjk xks xk;xfg.kh ?kjuh x) xh/k ?kV ?kM+k ?kfVdk ?kM+h ?kksVd ?kksM+k ?k`r ?kh ?k`.kk f?ku peZ pke peZdkj pekj pokd pdok poZ.k pckuk pUnz pkn pfUnzdk pknuh

prq"dks.k pkSdksj prqFkZ pkSFkk prqnZ'k pkSng prq"in pkSik;k p pkd pDdj papq pksapprqFkhZ pkSFk prqfo'k pkSchl prqfnZd pgqvksjfp=dkj fprsjk fpDd.k fpduk fp=d phrk pw .kZ pw u@pwjupS= pSr pkSj pksjN= Nkrk fNnz NsnNk;k Nkg

rRle rn~Hko rRle rn~Hko tUe tue T;s"B tsBT;ksfr tksfr@tksr tkekrk tekbZftg~ok thHk th.kZ >huk ta?kk tk?k r.Mqy rUnqy riLoh rilh rIr riu rkez rkEck fryd Vhdk rhFkZ rhjFk rh{.k rh[kk rqUn rksanrSy rsy Rofjr rqjUr


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10r.k frudk nf/k ngh nUr nkrnUr/kkou nkrqu nnzq nkn n.M M.Mk n{k nPNnf{k.k nkfguk nkg Mkg fn'kkUrj fnlkoj f}oj nsojnhi nh;k nhi'kykdk nh;klykbZnhikoyh nhokyh nqX/k nw /knqyZHk nw Ygk nqcZy nqcyk

nwokZ nw c nkSfg= nksfgrknf"V nhfB f}xq.k nw uk}kn'k ckjg f}iV nqikf}igjh nqigjh f}rh; nw tk/keZ /kje /kkw Zj /krw jk/kj.kh /kjrh /kwfy /kwfj /kwez /kqvk /kS;Z /khjt uXu uaxk u{k= u[kr uO; u;k u;u uSuuo ukS uez uje


udqy usoyk ukfjdsy ukfj;y ukfldk ukd ukfir ukbZfuiq.k fuiqu fuEc uhe funzk uhan fuEcqd uhacw fuf'k fufl fu"Bqj fuBqjuR; ukp iDo iDdk i{k ia[k in~e ine iFk iaFk ifdk ikVh i{kh iaNh i;d iyaxiDokUu idoku ijh{kk ij[k i'pkrki iNrkok ij'o% ijlksaiiZV ikiM+ iou ikSuijekFkZ ijekjFk i= ikk ij'kq Qjlk ik'k QUnk ik"kk.k ikgu ikn iSjfiIiy ihiy fiiklk I;kl fir firj ihr ihyk iqPN iw N iq"i iqgqi iq"dj iks[kj iq= iw r


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11iwoZ iw jc iw.kZ iw jkikS"k iw l ikS= iksrkiafDr iaxr f; fi;dV xV Losn ilhuk Lrj iRFkj frPNk;k ijNkbZi"B ihBQf.k Q.k QkYxqu Qkxqucf/kj cgjk cyhonZ cSycU/;k ck> cdZj cdjk

ckyqdk ckyw cqHkqf{kr Hkw[kk rRle rn~Hko rRle rn~Hko

HkDr Hkxr Hknz HkYyk HkYyqd Hkkyw Hkfxuh cfgu Hkkfxus; Hkkutk Hkknzin HkknkSafHk{kk Hkh[k Hkzej HkkSajk Hkzw HkkSa@HkkSag Hkzkr HkkbZedj exj ef{kdk eD[kh e'kd ePNj eLrd ekFkk

eRL; eNyh e;w j eksjey eSy e| en euq"; ekuql enksUek erokyk efgf"k HkSal edZVh edM+hekxZ ekjx ekl eghuk ef.kdkj ef.kgkj ekrqy ekek ekr ek@ekrk fe= ehr fe"VkUu feBkbZ eqDrk eksrheq"ky eqly eq[k eqges?k esg ekSfDrd eksrheR;q ekSr er?k ej?kV ;U=&eU= tUrj&eUrj ;equk tequk;K tx ;teku tteku ;fr trh ;Ru tru ;'kksnk tlksnk ;o tkS;|fi tnfi ;e te ;'k tl ;Kksiohr tus;qfDr tqxfr ;wFk tRFkk ;qok toku ;ksxh tksxhjTtq jLlh j{kk jk[kh jktiq= jktiw r jkf'k jkl


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12fjDr jhrk :nu jksuk


y{e.k y[ku y{k.k yPNu yTtk ykt y{k yk[k yoax ykSax yo.k [email protected] yqukbZ y{eh fyNeh ysiu yhiuk ykse'kk ykseM+hykSgdkj yqgkj ykSg yksgk

of.kd~ cfu;k oRl cPpk@cNM+k o/kw cgw oV cM+oj;k=k cjkr otzakx ctjaxopu cpu o"kkZ cjlkr o.kZ cju od cxqykok"i Hkki okuj cUnj ok.kh cSu fo"Vk chaV fookg C;kg fo|qr fctyh oh.kk chuk fodkj fcxkM+oa'k ckl oa'kh cklqjh

O;Fkk foFkk o`"kHk cSyo{k fcj[k@fcjN o`) cw


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13lR; lp lk{kh lk[kh lw= lw r lw ;Z lw jtlkSHkkX; lqgkx LoIu liuk Lo.kZdkj lqukj LFky Fky LdU/k da/k LFkku Fkku LrEHk [kEHkk Lusg usgLi'kZ ijl gfjr gjk gfjnzk gYnh gfLruh gfFkuh g"kZ gj[k

g gkV g.Mh gkMh gLrh gkFkh gLr gkFk gfj.k fgju gkL; glhfgUnksyk fg.Mksyk ghjd ghjk gksfydk gksyh{k.k fNu {kfr Nfr {kf=; [k=h {kkj [kkj {khj [khj {kh.k Nhu {ks= [ksr =;ksn'k rsjg

iii ns'kt 'kCn %

fdlh Hkk"kk es a pfyr os 'kCn] tks {ks=h; turk }kjk vko';drkuqlkj x


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14

vLirky] bathfu;j] ,Dl&js] ,ts.V] ,e-ih-] Dykl] DydZ] dysDVj] dkWih] dkj] dSejk] dsl]dksV] fdsV] xkMZ] pSd] Vk;j] V~;wc] Vsfyfotu] Vsyj] Vhpj] Vd] Mcy cSM] MkWDVj] MkQ~V]fuc] iksLVdkMZ] isu] IysVQkeZ] ikmMj] ik sfyax] ikfyZ;kesUV] iapj] fQYe] Qkby] QqVcky] cl]fcfYMax] cSad] cS.M] czq'k] cq''kVZ] cSMfe.Vu] ekLVj] eftLVsV] esEcj] ;wfuoflZVh] ;wuhQkeZ] jsfM;ks]jftLVj] jsy] jsMhesM] yhMjf'ki] ykVjh] okj.V] oksV] 'kVZ] lwV] flxuy] flyS.Mj] lhes.V] LdwVj]LoSVjA

[k vjch Hkk"kk ds 'kCn % vDy] vthc] vnkyr] vktkn] vkneh] bTtr] bykt]bUrtkj] buke] bLrhQk] vkSykn] deky] dCtk] dkuwu] dqlhZ] fdrkc] fdLer] dchyk] dher]xjhc] tukc] tylk] tokc] tqekZuk] ftyk] rglhy] rkdr] rkjh[k] rwQku] rjktw] rek'kk]nqfu;k] nQrj] nkSyr] urhtk] u'kk] udn] Qdhj] QSlyk] cgl] enn] eryc] fyQkQk] odhy]'krjat] 'kknh] lqcg] gyokbZ] fgEer] fglkc] gqDeA

x Qkjlh ds 'kCn % v[kckj] ve:n] vkjke] vkokjk] vkleku] vkfr'kckth] vkenuh]dej] dkjhxj] dehuk] dq'rh] [kjkc] [kpZ] [ktkuk] [kwu] [kq'd] xokg] xqCckjk] xqykc] tkuoj]tsc] txg] tehu] tysch] ru[okg] rckg] nthZ] nok] njoktk] nhokj] ued] usd] chekj]etnwj]eykbZ] ;kj] yxke] 'ks j] 'kjkc] lw[kk] lwn] lsj] lkSnkxj] lqYrku] lqYQkA

?k iqrZxkyh Hkk"kk ls % vpkj] vxLr] vkyfiu] vkyw] vk;k] vUukukl] bLikr] duLrj]dkjcu] deht] dejk] xeyk] xksHkh] xksnke] pkch] rkSfYer] uhyke] ihik] iknjh] fiLrkSy] Qhrk]cLrk] cVu] ckYVh] iihrk] I;kyk] irywu] est] ycknk] larjk] lkcquA

p rqdhZ ls % vkdk] mnw Z] ,yph] dkcw] [kk] dS aph] dkcw] dqdhZ] dyaxh] dkyhu] [katj][kkWa] pkd] fpd] pspd] pqxyh] pksxk] rexk] rek'kk] rksi] ck:n] ckcphZ] chch] csxe] cgknqj]eqxy] yk'kA

N QzSap Qzkalhlh ls % vaxz st] dktw] dkjrwl] dwiu] Vscqy] es;j] ek'kZy] ehuw] jsLVkWa]lwiA

t phuh ls % pk;] yhph] yksdkV] rwQkuA> Mp ls % rq#i] ce] fpfM+;k] fMyAV teZuh ls % ukRlh] ukthokn] fdaMj xkVZuAB tkikuh ls % fjDlk] lk;ksukjkAM frCcrh ls % ykek] MkMhA


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vuqlkj dksbZ fodkj mRiUu ugha gksrk vFkkZr~ bu 'kCnks a dk :i lnSo ogh cuk jgrk gSA ,sls'kCnksa dks vfodkjh ;k vO;; 'kCn dgrs gSaA vfodkjh 'kCnksa es a f;kfo'ks"k.k] lEcU/k & cks/ kd vO;;] leqPp; cks/kd vO;; rFkk foLe;kfncks/kd vO;; vkfn 'kCn vkrs gSaA

?k vFkZ ds vk/kkj ij % vFkZ ds vk/kkj ij 'kCnks a ds fuEu Hk sn fd, tkrs gSa&i ,dkFkhZ 'kCn % os 'kCn ftudk ;ksx k;% ,d gh vFkZ esa gksrk gS] ,dkFkhZ 'kCn

dgykrs gSaAtSls fnu] /kwi] yM+dk] igkM+] unhAii vusdkFkhZ 'kCn % os 'kCn] ftuds ,d ls vf/kd vFkZ gksrs gSa] rFkk mudk ;ksx

vyx&vyx vFkZ es a fd;k tk ldrk gSAtSls % vt] ver] dj] lkjax] gfj vkfn vusdkFkhZ 'kCn gSaAii i i;kZ;okph 'kCn %os 'kCn] ftudk vFkZ leku gksrk gSA vFkkZr~ ,d gh 'kCn ds

vusd lekukFkhZ 'kCn i;kZ;okph 'kCn dgykrs gSaAtSls lw;Z] Hkkuq] jfo] fnus'k] HkkLdj vkfn 'kCn lw;Z ds lekukFkhZ ;k i;kZ;okph 'kCn gSaAiv foykse 'kCn % os 'kCn tks ,d nwljs dk foijhr vFkZ nsrs gSa] mUgsa foykse ;k

foijhrkFkZd 'kCn dgrs gSaAtSls fnu&jkr] t;&ijkt;] vk'kk&fujk'kk] lq[k&nq%[kAv leksPpkfjr 'kCn ;k ;qXe 'kCn % os 'kCn ftudk mPpkj.k leku rhr gksrk

gS fdUrq vFkZ fcYdqy fHkUu gksrk gSA ,sls 'kCnksa dks leksPpkfjr 'kCn] ;qXe&'kCn ;k le:ih

fHkUukFkZd 'kCn dgrs gSaAtSls vuy&vfuy mPpkj.k es a leku gS fdUrq vuy dk vFkZ gS& vkx rFkk vfuy dk

vFkZ gS&gokAvi 'kCn lewg ds fy, ,d 'kCn % os 'kCn tks fdlh okD;] okD;ka'k ;k 'kCn

lewg ds fy, ,d 'kCn cu dj ;qDr gksrs gSa mUgs a 'kCn lewg ds fy, ;qDr ^,d 'kCn* dgrs gSaAtSls & ftldk dksbZ 'k=q u gks & vtkr'k=qAvii lekukFkZd rhr gksus okys fHkUukFkZd 'kCn % os 'kCn tks eksVs :i esa leku

vFkZ okys rhr gksrs gSa] fdUrq mues a vFkZ dk bruk lw{e vUrj gksrk gS fd mUgs a vyx&vyxlanHkZ esa gh ;qDr djuk iM+rk gSA tSls vL=&'kL=A ^vL=* 'kCn mu gfFk;kjksa ds fy, ;qDrgksrk gS] ftUgs a Qs ad dj okj fd;k tkrk gSA

tSls& rhj] ce] cUnwd] vkfn( tcfd 'kL= mu gfFk;kjksa dks dgrs gSa ftudk ;ksx ikl es a j[kdj gh fd;k tkrk gS tSls& ykBh] ryokj] pkdw] Hkkyk vkfnA

viii lewgokph 'kCn % os 'kCn tks fdlh ,d lewg dk cks/k djkrs gSa mUgsa lew gokph'kCn dgrs gSa tSls % xj ydM+h ;k iqLrdksa dk xqPNk pkfc;k ;k vaxwj dk fxjksg ekfQ;k;k Mkdqvks a dk] tksM+k tw rksa dk] galksa dk tRFkk ;kf=;ksa dk] lR;kxzfg;ksa dk] >q.M i'kqvksadk VqdM+h lsuk dh]


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18

3

'kCn&fopkj [k

v fodkjh 'kCn laKk %

ifjHkk"kk % fdlh k.kh] oLrq] LFkku] Hkko] voLFkk] xq.k ;k n'kk ds uke dks laKk dgrs gSaA

tSls vkyksd] iq Lrd] tks/kiqj] n;k] cpiu] feBkl] xjhch vkfnAdkj % laKk eq[;r% rhu dkj dh gks rh gS&1 O;fDrokpd laKk 2 tkfrokpd laKk 3 Hkkookpd laKk1 O;fDrokpd laKk % O;fDr fo'ks"k] oLrq fo'ks"k vFkok LFkku fo'ks"k ds uke dks

O;fDrokpd laKk dgrs gSaA tSls %O;fDr fo'ks"k % vfHk"ksd] xqatu] dfork] dkfeuh] yksds'kAoLrq fo'ks"k % jkek;.k] "kkia[kk] jhVke'khuALFkku fo'ks"k % t;iqj] xaxk] rktegy] fgeky;A2 tkfrokpd laKk % ftl laKk ls fdlh k.kh] oLrq vFkok LFkku dh tkfr ;k iwjs

oxZ dk cks/k gks rk gS] mls tkfrokpd laKk dgrs gSaA tSls &

k.kh % euq";] yM+dh] ?kksM+ k] eks j] lsuk] lHkkoLrq % iq Lrd] ia[kk] e'khu] nw/k] lkcqu] pknhLFkku % igkM+] unh] Hkou] 'kgj] xko] fo|ky;3 Hkkookpd laKk % fdlh Hkko] voLFkk] xq.k vFkok n'kk ds uke dks Hkkookpd laKk

dgrs gSaA tSls & lq[k] cpiu] lqUnjrkAfo'ks"k % dfri; fo}ku vaxzsth O;kdj.k dh udy djrs gq, fgUnh esa Hkh 1 leqnk;okpd

laKk rFkk 2 nzO;okpd laKk nks Hksn vkSj crkrs gSa fdUrq fgUnh esa mDr nksuksa Hksn tkfr&okpdlaKk ds vUrxZr vkrs gSaAHkkookpd laKk, cukuk %

tkfrokpd laKk] loZuke] fo'ks"k.k] f;k rFkk dqN vO;; inksa ds lkFk R;; ds esyls Hkkookpd laKk, curh gSaA ;Fkk &1- tkfrokpd laKk ls Hkkookpd laKk &v ^rk* R;; ds esy ls ekuo&ekuork] fe=&fe=rk] Hkq&Hkq rk] i'kq&i'kqrkvk Ro & i'kq&i'kqRo] euq";&euq";Ro] dfo&dfoRo] xq#&xq#RoAb iu & yM+dk&yM+diu] cPpk&cpiuAbZ v & f'k'kq&'kS'ko] xq#&xkSjo] foHkq&oSHkoAm b & HkDr&HkfDrA bZ & ukSdj&ukSdjh] pksj&pksjhA, vkik & cw


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192- loZuke ls Hkkookpd laKk %v Ro & viuk&viuRo] fut & futRo] Lo&LoRoAvk iu & viuk & viukiu] ijk;k&ijk;kiuAb dkj & vga & vgadkjAbZ Lo & loZ&loZLoA3- fo'ks"k.k ls Hkkookpd laKk %v vkbZ & lkQ&lQkbZ] vPNk&vPNkbZ] cqjk&cqjkbZAvk vkl&[kV~Vk&[kVkl] ehBk&feBklAb rk&mnkj&mnkjrk] ohj&ohjrk] ljy&ljyrkAbZ ; & e/kqj & ek/kq;Z] lqUnj&lkSUn;Z] LoLFk&LokLF;Am iu & [kV~Vk & [kkiu] ihyk&ihykiuA Ro & ohj & ohjRoA, bZ & yky & ykyhA4- f;k ls Hkko&okpd laKk %v v&[ksyuk&[ksy] ywVuk & ywV] thruk&thrAvk bZ&gluk&glh]b vkbZ&p


20/204

20O;fDr ds LFkku ij fd;k tkrk gS] mUgs a iq#"kokpd loZuke dgrs gSaA

iq#"kokpd loZuke rhu dkj ds gks rs gSa &i mke iq#"kokpd loZuke % os loZuke 'kCn ftudk ;ksx cksyus okyk O;fDr Lo;a

vius fy, djrk gSAtSls & eSa] ge] eq>s] es jk] gekjk] gesa vkfnAii e/;e iq#"kokpd loZuke % os loZuke 'kCn] tks lquus okys ds fy, ;qDr fd;s

tkrs gSaAtSls & rw] rqe] rq>s rqEgsa rs jk] vki] vkidk] vkidks vkfnA fgUnh esa vius ls cM+s ;k

vknj.kh; O;fDr ds fy, ^rqe* dh vis{kk ^vki* loZuke dk ;ksx fd;k tkrk gSAiii vU; iq#"kokpd loZuke % os loZuke] ftudk ;ksx cksyus rFkk lquus okys O;fDr

fdlh vU; O;fDr ds fy, ;qDr djrs gSaAtSls & og] os] mUgsa]mls] bls] mldk bldk vkfnA2- fu'p;okpd loZuke % os loZuke] tks fdlh fuf'pr O;fDr ;k oLrq dk cks/k djkrs

gSa] mUgs a fu'p;okpd loZuke dgrs gSaAtSls&;g] og] bl] ml] ;s] os vkfnA ^og vkidh ?kM+h gS*] okD; esa ^og* 'kCn fu'p;okpd

loZuke gSA blh dkj ^;g es jk ?kj gS* es a ^;g* 'kCnA3- vfu'p;okpd loZuke % os loZuke 'kCn] ftuls fdlh fuf'pr oLrq ;k O;fDr dk

cks/k ugha gksrk cfYd vfu'p; dh fLFkfr cuh jgrh gS] mUgsa vfu'p;okpd loZuke dgrs gSaA

tSls& dksbZ tk jgk gSA og dqN [kk jgk gSA fdlh us dgk FkkA okD;ksa esa ^dksbZ&]dqN]fdlh 'kCn vfu'p;okpd loZuke gSaA

4- 'uokpd loZuke % os loZuke] tks 'u dk cks/k djkrs gSa ;k okD; dks 'uokpdcuk nsrs gSa] mUgsa 'uokpd loZuke dgrs gSaA

tSls& dkSuxkuk xk jgh gS \ ogD;kyk;k \ fdldhiqLrd iM+h gS\ mDr okD;ksaesa dkSu] D;k] fdldh 'kCn 'uokpd loZuke gSaA

5- lEcU/kokpd loZuke % os loZuke] tks nks iFkd~&iFkd~ ckrksa ds Li"V lEcU/k dksO;Dr djrs gSa] mUgs a lEcU/kokpd loZuke dgrs gSaA

tSls& tks& og] tks&lks] ftldh&mldh] ftruk&mruk] vkfn lEcUk okpd loZuke gSAmnkgj.kkFkZ& tks i


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21vr% fo'ks"krk crykus okys 'kCn fo'ks"k.k dgykrs gSa ogha og ^fo'ks"k.k* in ftl laKk ;k

loZuke dh fo'ks"krk crykrk gS mls ^fo'ks";* dgrs gSaA mDr mnkgj.kksa esa vkdk'k] yM+dh] vkneh]iqLrds a vkfn 'kCn fo'ks"; dgyk;saxsA

dkj % fo'ks"k.k eq[;r% 5 dkj ds gksrs gSa &1- xq.kokpd fo'ks"k.k % os 'kCn] tks fdlh laKk ;k loZuke ds xq.k] nks"k] :i] jax]

vkdkj] LoHkko] n'kk vkfn dk cks/k djkrs gSa] mUgsa xq.kokpd fo'ks"k.k dgrs gSaA tSls& dkyk]iq jkuk] Hkyk] NksVk] ehBk] ns'kh] ikih] /kkfeZd vkfnA

2- la[;kokpd fo'ks"k.k % os fo'ks"k.k] tks fdlh laKk ;k loZuke dh fuf'pr] vfuf'prla[;k] e ;k x.kuk dk cks/k djkrs gSa mUgsa la[;kokpd fo'ks"k.k dgrs gSaA ;s Hkh nks dkjds gks rs gSa& ,d os tks fuf'pr la[;k dk cks/k djkrs gSa rFkk nwljs os tks vfuf'pr la[;kdk cks/k djkrs gSa tSls

i fuf'pr la[;k okpdv x.kukokpd & ,d] nks] rhuAvk eokpd & igyk] nwljkAb vkofkokpd & nqxquk] pkSxqukAn leqnk; okpd & nksuksa] rhuksa] pkjksa

ii vfu'p; la[;k okpd & dbZ] dqN] lc] cgq r] FkksM+sA3- ifjek.k okpd fo'ks"k.k % os fo'ks"k.k] tks fdlh inkFkZ dh fuf'pr ;k vfuf'pr

ek=k] ifjek.k] uki ;k rkSy vkfn dk cks/k djkrs gS] mUgsa ifjek.k okpd fo'ks"k.k dgrs gSaAblds Hkh nks miHksn fd, tk ldrs gSa ;Fkk &

i fuf'pr ifjek.k okpd % nks ehVj] ikp fdyks] lkr yhVjA

ii vfuf'pr ifjek.k okpd % FkksM+k] cgqr] de] T;knk] vfkd] tjk&lk] lc vkfnA

4- ladsrokpd fo'ks"k.k % os loZuke 'kCn] tks fo'ks"k.k ds :i esa fdlh laKk ;k loZukedh fo'ks"krk crkrs gS a] mUgsa ladsrokpd ;k lkoZukfed fo'ks"k.k dgrs gSaA tSls & i bl xsandks er QsadksA ii ml iqLrd dks i


22/204

22ii mkjkoLFkk % ftlesa nks laKk ;k loZuke dh rqyuk dh tkrh gSA

tSls&v'kksd jghe ls vPNk gSA ;k 'kkUr vfHk"ksd ls Js"Brj gSA

iii mkekoLFkk % ftlesa nks ls vf/kd laKk ;k loZukeks a dh rqyuk djds] ,d dkslcls vPNk ;k cq jk cryk;k tkrk gS ogk mkekoLFkk gks rh gSA

tSls & vdcj lcls vPNk gSA jft;k d{kkesa Js"Bke Nk=k gSA

voLFkk ifjorZu % ewykoLFkk ds 'kCnksa esa ^rj* rFkk re R;; yxk dj ;k 'kCn ds iwoZls vf/kd] ;k lcls vf/kd 'kCnksa dk ;ksx dj e'k% mkjkoLFkk ,oa mkekoLFkk esa ;qDrfd;k tkrk gS] tSls &

ewykoLFkk mkjkoLFkk mkekoLFkk mPp mPprj mPpre Js"B Js"Brj Js"Brerhoz rhozrj rhozrevPNk ls vPNk lcls vPNkpk ls vf/kd pk lcls pk

fo'ks"k.k dh jpuk %laKk] loZuke f;k rFkk vO;; 'kCnksa ds lkFk R;; ds esy ls fo'ks"k.k in cu tkrk gSAi laKk ls fo'ks"k.k cuuk % I;kj&I;kjk] lekt&lkekftd] iq"i&iqf"ir] Lo.kZ&Lof.kZe]

t;iqj&t;iqjh] /ku&/kuh] Hkkjr&Hkkjrh;] jax&jaxhyk] J)k&J)kyq] pkpk&ppsjk] fo"k&fo"kSyk]cqf)&cqf)eku] xq.k&xq.koku] nwj&nwjLFkA

ii loZuke ls fo'ks"k.k % ;g&,slk] tks&tSlk] eSa&esjk] rqe&rqEgkjk] og&oSlk] dkSu&dSlkAiii f;k ls fo'ks"k.k % Hkkxuk&HkxksM+ k] yM+uk&yM+kdw] yw Vuk&yqVsjkAiv vO;; ls fo'ks"k.k % vkxs&vxyk] ihNs&fiNyk] ckgj&ckgjh

f;kifjHkk"kk % os 'kCn] ftuds }kjk fdlh dk;Z dk djuk ;k gksuk ik;k tkrk gS] mUgsa f;k

in dgrs gSaA laLr es a f;k :i dks /kkrq dgrs gSa] fgUnh esa mUgha ds lkFk ^uk* yx tkrkgS tSls fy[k ls fy[kuk] gl ls glukA

dkj %deZ] ;ksx rFkk la jpuk ds vk/kkj ij f;k ds fofHkUu Hksn fd, tkrs gSa&1- deZ ds vk/kkj ij %deZ ds vk/kkj ij f;k ds eq[;r% nks Hksn fd, tkrs gSa i vdeZd f;k ii ldeZd

f;kAi vdeZd f;k % os f;k, ftuds lkFk deZ ;qDr ugha gksrk rFkk f;k dk Hkko

okD; ds ;qDr dkkZ ij iM+ rk gS] mls vdeZd f;k dgrs gSaAtSls& dqkk HkkSadrk gSA dfork glrh gSA Vhuk lksrh gSA cPpk jksrk gSA vkneh cSBk gSAii ldeZd f;k % os f;k,] ftudk Hkko okD; esa ;qDr dkkZ ij u iM+ dj deZ

ij iM+rk gSA vFkkZr~ okD; esa f;k ds lkFk deZ Hkh ;qDr gks] mUgsa ldeZd f;k dgrs gSaA


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23tSls& HkwisUnz nw/k ih jgk gSA uhrw [kkuk cuk jgh gSAldeZd f;k ds nks miHksn fd;s tkrs gSa &v ,d deZd f;k % tc okD; esa f;k ds lkFk ,d deZ ;qDr gks rks mls ,d

deZd f;k dgrs gSaA tSls& nq";Ur Hkkstu dj jgk gSAvk f}deZd f;k % tc okD; esa f;k ds lkFk nks deZ ;qDr gq, gksa rk s mls f}deZd

f;k dgrs gSaAtSls & v/;kid th Nk=ksa dks Hkwxksy i


24/204

24mDr okD;ksa es a ^gS* ^rFkk* ^nh* gS lgk;d f;k, gSaA3- dky ds vuqlkj % ftl dky esa dksbZ f;k gksrh gS] ml dky ds uke ds vk/kkj

ij f;k dk Hkh uke j[k nsrs gSaA vr% dky ds vuqlkj f;k rhu dkj dh gks rh gS %&i Hkwrdkfyd f;k % f;k dk og :i] ftlds }kjk chrs le; esa Hkw rdky esa dk;Z

ds lEiUu gksus dk cks/k gks rk gSAtSls & ljkst x;hA lyhe iq Lrd i


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25tSls & vo';] cgqr vPNkAvii fu"ks/kcks/kd f;k&fo'ks"k.k % os vO;; 'kCn] tks f;k ds fu"ks/k dks dV djrs gSaAtSls & u] ugha] erAviii 'u okpd f;k&fo'ks"k.k % os vO;; 'kCn] tks f;k ds iz'u dks dV djrs gSaAtSls & dgk] dcAix fu'p;cks/kd f;k&fo'ks"k.k % os vO;; 'kCn] tks f;k ds fu'p; dks dV djrs gSaAtSls & okLro esa] eq[;r%Ax vfu'p;cks/kd f;k&fo'ks"k.k % os vO;; 'kCn] tks f;k ds vfu'p; dks dV

djrs gSaAtSls & 'kk;n] laHkor%A f;k&fo'ks"k.k vkSj lEcU/k&cks/kd es a vUrj & vkxs] ihNs] uhps

vkfn 'kCn ,sls gSa tks f;k fo'ks"k.k Hkh gSa rFkk lEcUk cks/kd vO;; HkhA ;fn bu 'kCnksa dk ;ksx f;k dh fo'ks"krk dV djus ds fy, gksxk] rks os f;k fo'ks"k.k dgyk;saxs] fdUrq tcos laKk ;k loZuke dk lEcU/k okD; ds vU; 'kCnksa ds lkFk crk,xs] rc bUgs a lEcUk ck s/kdvO;; dgsaxsA

leqPp; cks/kd vO;; %os vO;; 'kCn] tks nks 'kCnksa] okD;ka'kks a ;k okD;ksa dks tksM+rs gSa] mUgsa leqPp; cks/kd vO;;

;k la;kstd 'kCn dgrs gSaAdkj % leqPp; cks/kd vO;; eq[;r% nks dkj ds gksrs gSaA i la;kstd ii foHkktdA

i la;kstd % os vO;; 'kCn] tks nks 'kCnksa] okD;k'kks a ;k okD;k sa dks tksM+rs gSaAtSls & vkSj] rFkk] ,oa] rks] tks] fQj] ;Fkk] ;fn] iqu%] blfy,] fd] ekuks vkfnAii foHkktd % os vO;; 'kCn] tks nks 'kCnksa] okD;ka'kksa ;k okD;ksa es a foHkktu dk

cks/k djkrs gSaAtSls & fdUrq] ijUrq] ij] ojuk] cfYd] vfirq] D;ksafd] ;k] pkgs] rkfd] ;|fi] vU;Fkk vkfnA

lEcU/k cks/kd vO;; %os vO;; 'kCn] tks fdlh laKk ;k loZuke 'kCn ds lkFk yxdj mldk lEcU/k okD;

esa ;qDr vU; 'kCn ls crkrs gSa] mUgsa lEcU/k cks/kd vO;; dgrs gSaAdkj % lEcU/k cks/kd vO;; fuEu 10 dkj ds gksrs gSa &

i dky okpd % igys] ihNs] mijkUr] vkxsAii LFkkuokpd % lkeus] Hkhrj] fudV] ;gkAii i fn'kkokpd % vklikl] vks j] ikj] rjQAiv lerkokpd % Hkkfr] leku] rqY;] ;ksxAv lk/kuokpd % }kjk] lgkjs] ek/;eAvi fo"k;okpd % fo"k;] Hkjksls] ckcr] ukeAvii fo#)okpd % foijhr] fo#)] f[kykQ] myVsAviii lax okpd % lkFk] lax] lgpjAix gsrq okpd % flok] fy,] dkj.k] okLrsAx rqyukokpd % vis{kk] vkxs] lkeusA


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26foLe;kfncks/kd vO;; %

os vO;; 'kCn] tks vk'p;Z] foLe;] 'kksd] ?k.kk] 'ka lk] lUurk] Hk; vkfn Hkkoksa dkcks/k djkrs gSa] mUgsa foLe;kfncks/kd vO;; dgrs gSaAdkj % mDrHkkoksa ds vuqlkj buds fuEu Hksn fd, tkrs gS a %&

i vk'p;Z cks/kd % D;k] vjs] vgks] gSa] lp] vksg] vksgks] ,saAii 'kksd cks/kd % mQ] vkg] gk;] gsjke] jke&jkeAii i g"kZ cks/kd % okg] /kU;] vgkAiv 'kalk cks/kd % 'kkck'k] okg] vfr lqUnjAv ks/k cks/kd % vjs] pqiA

vi Hk; cks/kd % gk;] cki jsAvii psrkouh cks/kd % [kcjnkj] cpks] lko/kkuAviii ?k`.kk cks/kd % fN% fN%] f/kDdkj] mQ~] /kr~] Fkw&FkwAix bPNk cks/kd % dk'k] gk;Ax lEcks/ku cks/kd % vth] gs] vjs] lqurs gksAxi vuqeksnu cks/kd % vPNk] gk] gk&gk] BhdAxii vk'khokZn cks/kd % 'kkck'k] thrs jgks] [kq'k jgksA

vH;kl 'u

1- fuEufyf[kr esa dkSuls 'kCn fodkjh ugha gksrss \

d f;k [k f;k fo'ks"k.kx fo'ks"k.k ?k loZuke

2- fuEufyf[kr esa fodkjh 'kCn gSa &d frfnu [k vkSjx jes'k ?k ds dkj.k

3- fuEu es a vfodkjh 'kCn gks rs gSa&d laKk [k loZukex f;k ?k lEcU/k cks/kd vO;;

4- fdl okD; esa f;k fo'ks"k.k dk ;ksx gqvk gS \d isM+ ij i{kh cSBk gSA [k xqatu xkuk xkrh gSaA

x 'kkUr /khjs&/khjs pyrk gSA ?k o"kkZ i= fy[krh gSA 5- fuEu 'kCnksa ls Hkkookpd laKk cukb;s

ekuo] yM+dk] cw


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27

4'kCn :ikUrj.k

ifjHkk"kk % fodkjh 'kCnksa laKk] loZuke] fo'ks"k.k] f;k esa fodkj mRiUu djus okys dkjdksadks fodkjd dgrs gSaA fyax] opu] dkjd] dky rFkk okP; ls 'kCn ds :i es a ifjorZu gksrk gSA

d fyax

fyax 'kCn dk vFkZ gksrk gS fp ;k igpkuA O;kdj.k ds vUrxZr fyax mls dgrs gSa] ftlds}kjk fdlh fodkjh 'kCn ds L=h ;k iq#"k tkfr dk gksus dk cks/k gks rk gSA

dkj % fgUnh Hkk"kk esa fyax nks dkj ds gksrs gSa &i iqfYyax ii L=h fyaxi iqfYyax % ftlds }kjk fdlh fodkjh 'kCn dh iq#"k tkfr dk cks/k gks rk gS] mls

iqfYyax dgrs gSaAtSls & xksfoUn] v/;kid] esjk] dkyk] tkrkAii L=hfyax % ftlds }kjk fdlh fodkjh 'kCn dh L=h tkfr dk cks/k gks rk gS] mls

L=hfyax dgrs gSaA

tSls & lhrk] v/;kfidk] es jh] dkyh] tkrhAfyax dh igpku % fyax dh igpku 'kCnksa ds O;ogkj ls gksrh gSA dqN 'kCn lnk iqfYayxjgrs gSa rks dqN 'kCn lnk L=hfyaxA dqN 'kCn ijEijk ds dkj.k iqfYayx ;k L=h fyax esa ;qDrgksrs gSaA1- iqfYyax laKk 'kCnksa dh igpku

i kf.kokpd iqfYyax laKk, % iq#"k] vkneh]euq";] yM+dk] 'ksj] phrk] gkFkh] dqkk]?kksM+k] cSy] cUnj] i'kq] [kjxks'k] xS.Mk] esa


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28vks nzoinkFkksZ a ds uke % rsy] ?kh] nw/k] 'kcZr] eD[ku] ikuh] viokn yLlh] pk;vkS le; lwpd uke % {k.k] lsd.M] feuV] ?k.Vk] fnu] lIrkg] i{k] ekg] viokn

jkr] lk;a] lU/;k] nksigj]d o.kZekyk ds o.kZ % Loj rFkk d ls g rd O;atu] viokn b] bZ] _[k leqnzksa ds uke % fgUn egklkxj] 'kkUr egklkxjx ewY;oku iRFkj] jRuksa ds uke % ghjk] iq[kjkt] uhye] iUuk] eksrh] ekf.kD;]

viokn ef.k] yky?k 'kjhj ds vaxks a ds uke % flj] cky] ukd] dku] nkr] xky] gkFk] iSj] vksaB]

eqg] viokn xnZu] thHk] vaxqyhp nsorkvksa ds uke % bUnz] ;e] o#.k] czk] fo".kq] egs'kN vkik] vko] vkok] vkj] v] vu] bZ;] ,jk] Ro] nku] iu] ;] [kkuk okyk vkfn R;;

;qDr 'kCnA ;Fkk & cq


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294- 'kCnkUr ^vk* dks ^b;k* es a cnydj

cw


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302- vkRek] cw n] nsg] ckgw] vkfn 'kCn la Lr esa iqfYyax gSa fdUrq fgUnh es a L=hfyaxA3- la Lr es a ^bek* R;kUrd 'kCn ;Fkk&efgek] xfjek] yf?kek] lhek] vkfn iqfYyax gksrs gSa

fdUrq fgUnh esa ;s rRle 'kCn gks rs gq, Hkh L=hfyax gSaA4- ^v* R;kUrd&t;] fot;] ijkt;] la Lr es a iqfYyax gksrs gSa fdUrq fgUnh esa L=hfyaxA5- r vkS j rf)r R;;ksa ls cus fo'ks"k.k ;k dr ZokP; 'kCn L=hfyax ;k iqfYyax 'kCn ds

lkFk ;Fkkor gh ;qDr gksrs gSaAtSls vkd"kZd n'; ;k ?kVukA nsnhI;eku & dk'k ;k T;ksfrA ifjfpr & iq#"k ;k efgykA/kkfeZd & laxBu ;k la LFkkA /keZK & iq#"k ;k ukjh

6- loZuke esa fyax ds vk/kkj ij dksbZ ifjorZu ugha gks rk gSA7- fuEu inokph 'kCnks a es a Hkh fyax ifjorZu ugha gksrkA

jk"Vifr] /kkueU=h] ea=h] MkDVj] eSustj] fafliyA

[k opulkekU;r% opu 'kCn dk ;ksx fdlh ds }kjk dgs x;s dFku vFkok fn;s x;s vk'oklu

ds vFkZ es a fd;k tkrk gS] fdUrq O;kdj.k es a opu dk vFkZ la[;k ls fy;k tkrk gSAog] ftlds }kjk fdlh fodkjh 'kCn dh la[;k dk cks/k gks rk gS] mls opu dgrs gSaAdkj % opu nks dkj ds gksrs gSaAi ,d opu ii cgqopu(i) ,dopu % fodkjh in ds ftl :i ls fdlh ,d la[;k dk cks/k gks rk gS] mls

,dopu dgrs gSaAtSls Hkjr] yM+dk] esjk] dkyk] tkrk gS vkfn fgUnh es a fuEu 'kCn lnSo ,d opu esa gh

;qDr gksrs gSaAlksuk] pknh] yksgk] LVhy] ikuh] nw/k] turk] vkx] vkdk'k] ?kh] lR;] >wB] feBkl] se]

eksg] lkeku] rk'k] lgk;rk] rsy] o"kkZ] ty] ks/k] {kek(ii) cgqopu % fodkjh in ds ftl :i ls fdlh dh ,d ls vfkd la[;k dk

cks/k gks rk gS] mls cgq opu dgrs gSaAtSls yM+ds] esjs] dkys] tkrs gSafgUnh esa fuEu 'kCn lnS o cgq opu es a gh ;qDr gksrs gSa ;Fkk &vklw] gk s'k] n'k Zu] gLrk{kj] k.k] HkkX;] vknj.kh;] O;fDr gsrq ;qDr 'kCn vki] nke]

lekpkj] cky] yksx] gks'k] gky&pkyA opu ifjorZu %

fgUnh O;kdj.kkuqlkj ,d opu 'kCnksa dks cgqopu es a ifjofrZr djus gsrq dfri; fu;eksadk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA ;Fkk &

1- 'kCnkar ^vk* dks ^,* esa cnydjdejk&dejs] yM+dk&yM+ds] cLrk&cLrs]csVk&csVs] iihrk&iihrs] jlxqYyk&jlxqYysA

2- 'kCnkUr ^v* dks ^,* esa cnydjiqLrd&iqLrdsa] nky&nkysa] jkg&jkgsa]


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31nhokj&nhokjsa] lM+d&lM+dsa] dye&dyesaA

3- 'kCnkUr esa vk;s ^vk* ds lkFk ^,* tksM+djckyk&ckyk,] dfork&dfork,] dFkk&dFkk,A

4- ^bZ* okys 'kCnksa ds vUr esa ^b;k* yxkdjnokbZ&nokb;k] yM+dh&yM+fd;k] lkM+h&lkfM+;k]unh&ufn;k] f[kM+dh&f[kM+fd;k] L=h&fL=;kA

5- L=hfyax 'kCn ds vUr esa vk, ^;k* dks ^;k* esa cnydj&fpfM+;k&fpfM+;k] fMfc;k&fMfc;k] xqfM+;k&xqfM+;k]

6- L=hfyax 'kCn ds vUr esa vk, ^m*] ^* ds lkFk ^,* yxkdjo/kw&o/k q, ] oLrq&oLrq,] cgw &cgq,A

7- b] bZ LojkUr okys 'kCnksa ds lkFk ^;ksa* yxkdj rFkk ^bZ* dh ek=k dks^b* esa cnydjtkfr&tkfr;ksa] jksVh&jksfV;ksa] vf/kdkjh&vf/kdkfj;ksa]ykBh&ykfB;ksa] unh&ufn;ksa] xkM+h&xkfM+;ksaA

8- ,dopu 'kCn ds lkFk] tu] x.k] oxZ] oUn] gj] e.My] ifj"kn~ vkfn yxkdjAxq#&xq#tu] v/;kid&v/;kidx.k]ys[kd&ys[kdoUn] ;qok&;qokoxZ]HkDr&HkDrtu] [ksrh&[ksfrgj] ea=h&efU= e.MyA

fo'ks"k %1- lEcks/ku 'kCnksa esa ^vksa* u yxk dj ^vks* dh ek=k gh yxkuh pkfg, ;Fkk & Hkkb;ks !

cguks ! fe=ks! cPpks ! lkfFk;ks!2- ikfjokfjd lEcU/kksa ds okpd vkdkjkUr ns'kt 'kCn Hkh cgqopu esa k;% ;Fkkor~ gh jgrs gSaA

tSls pkpk u fd pkps ekrk] nknk ckck] fdUrq Hkkutk] o Hkrhtk o lkyk ls Hkkuts]Hkrhts o lkys 'kCn curs gSaA

3- foHkfDr jfgr vkdkjkUr ls fHkUu iqfYyax 'kCn dHkh Hkh ifjofrZr ugha gksrsAtSls & ckyd] Qwy] vfrfFk] gkFkh] O;fDr] dfo] vkneh] laU;klh] lk/kq] i'kq] tUrq] Mkdw]mYyw] yM~Mw] jsfM;ks] QksVks] eks j] 'ks j] ifr] lkFkh] eks rh] xq#] 'k=q] Hkkyw] vkyw ] pkdw

4- fons'kh 'kCnksa ds fgUnh esa cgqopu fgUnh Hkk"kk ds O;kdj.k ds vuqlkj cuk, tkus pkfg,A

tSls Ldwy ls Ldwysa u fd Ldw Yl] dkxt ls dkxtksa u fd dkxtkrA5- Hkxoku ds fy, ;k fudVrk lwfpr djus ds fy, ^rw* dk ;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA tSls

gs bZ'oj! rw cM+k n;kyq gSA6- fuEu 'kCn lnS o ,d opu esa gh ;qDr gksrs gSaA

tSls& turk] o"kkZ] gok] vkx

x dkjdifjHkk"kk % ^dkjd* 'kCn dk 'kkfCnd vFkZ gksrk gS ^djusokyk* fdUrq O;kdj.k esa ;g ,d

ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCn gSA tc fdlh laKk ;k loZuke in dk lEcU/k okD; esa ;qDr vU; inksa]fo'ks"kdj f;k ds lkFk tkuk tkrk gS] mls dkjd dgrs gSaA


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32foHkfDr % dkjd dks dV djus ds fy, laKk ;k loZuke ds lkFk] tks fp yxk;k tkrk

gS] mls foHkfDr dgrs gSaA R;sd dkjd dk foHkfDr fp gksrk gS] fdUrq gj dkjd ds lkFkfoHkfDr fp dk ;ksx gks] ;g vko';d ugha gSA

dkj % fgUnh es a dkjd vkB dkj ds gksrs gSaA;Fkk & 1- dkkZ 2- deZ 3- dj.k 4- lEnku 5- viknku 6- lEcUk 7- vf/kdj.k 8- lEcks/

kuA1- dkkZ dkjd % us

laKk ;k loZuke dk og :i tks f;k dk;Z ds djus okys dk cks/k djkrk gS] vFkkZr~f;k ds djus okys dks dkkZ dkjd dgrs gSaA dkkZ dkjd dk foHkfDr fp ûs* gSA ûs* foHkfDrdk ;ksx dkkZ dkjd ds lkFk dsoy Hkwrdkfyd f;k gksus ij gksrk gSA vr% orZeku dky]Hkfo";r~dky rFkk f;k ds vdeZd gksus ij ûs* foHkfDr dk ;ksx ugha gksxkA

tSls vfHk"ksd iqLrd i


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33tc okD; esa fdlh laKk ;k loZuke dk vU; fdlh laKk ;k loZuke ls lEcU/k gks] ftlls

lEcU/k gks] mls lEcU/k dkjd dgrs gSaA blds foHkfDr fp dk] ds] dh] jk] jk] js] uk] us]uh vkfn gSaA

;Fk k vt; dh iqLrd xqe xbZA rqEgkjk p'ek ;gk j[kk gSAviuk dk;Z Lo;a djsaA

7- vf/kdj.k dkjd % esa] ij] is okD; es a ;qDr] laKk ;k loZuke ds ftl :i ls f;kds vk/kkj dk cks/k gksrk gS] mls vf/kdj.k dkjd dgrs gS aA blds foHkf fp esa] is] ij gSaA

i{kh vkdk'k esa mM+ jgs gSaAest ij iq Lrd iM+h gSA

8- lEcks/ku dkjd gs] vks] vjsokD; esa] tc fdlh laKk ;k loZuke dks iqdkjk ;k cqyk;k tkrk gS] vFkkZr~ ftls lEcksf/

kr fd;k tk;] mls lEcks/ku dkjd dgrs gSaA lEcksku dkjd ds foHkfDr fp gSa & gs] ^vks! vjs! lEcks/ku dkjd ds ckn lEcks/ku fp ( ;k vYi fojke ] yxk;k tkrk gSA tSls& gs Hkq! j{kk djksA vjs] eksgu ;gk vkvksA

fo'ks"k % loZuke es a dkjd lkr gh gksrs gSaA bldk ^lEck s/ku dkjd* ugha gks rk gSA

?k dkyO;kdj.k es a f;k ds gk sus okys le; dks dky dgrs gSaAdky rhu dkj ds gksrs gSaA1- Hkw rdky 2- orZeku dky 3- Hkfo";r~ dky1- Hkwrdky % okD; esa ;qDr f;k ds ftl :i ls chrs le; Hkwr esa f;k dk gksuk

ik;k tkrk gS vFkkZr~ f;k ds O;kikj dh lekfIr crykus okys :i dks Hkwrdky dgrs gSa&Hkw rdky ds 6 miHksn fd;s tkrs gSa &i lkekU;Hkwr % tc f;k ds O;kikj dh lekfIr lkekU; :i ls chrs gq, le;

esa gks rh gS] fdUrq blls ;g cks/k ugha gks rk fd f;k lekIr gq, FkksM+ h nsj gqbZ gS ;k vf/ kd ogk lkekU; Hkwr gks rk gSA

tSls dqlqe ?kj x;hA vfouk'k us xkuk xk;kA vdcj us iqLrd i


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34Hkwr gksrk gSA blesa kkrq f;k ds lkFk jgk gS] jgh gS] jgs gSa ;k ^rk Fkk] rh Fkh] rs Fks ] vkfnvkrs gSaA

gseUr iq Lrd i


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35,axs*] vkfn yxrs gSaA ;Fkk & yhyk u`R; fr;ksfxrk es a Hkkx ysxhA

ii lEHkkO; Hkfo";r~ % f;k ds ftl :i ls mlds Hkfo"; esa gksus dh laHkkouk dkirk pys] ogk lEHkkO; Hkfo";r~ dky gksrk gSA blesa f;k ds lkFk ^,] ,s] vks] *] dk ;ksxgksrk gSA

;Fkk dnkfpr~ vkt HkwisUnz vk,A os 'kk;n t;iqj tk,Aiii vkKkFkZ Hkfo";r~ % fdlh f;k O;kikj ds vkxkeh le; esa iw .kZ djus dh vkKk

dV djus okys :i dks vkKkFkZ Hkfo";r~ dky dgrs gSA bles a f;k ds lkFk ^b,xk* yxrk gSAtSls vki ogk vo'; tkb,xkA

p okP; okD; esa ;qDr f;k :i dkkZ] deZ ;k Hkko fdlds vuq lkj ;qDr gqvk gS] bldk

cks/k djkus okys dkjdksa dks okP; dgrs gSaAdkj %

okP; rhu dkj ds gksrs gSA1- dkZ okP; 2- deZokP; 3- HkkookP;1- dk`ZokP; % tc okD; es a ;qDr f;k dk lh/kk vkSj /kku lEcU/k dkkZ ls gksrk

gS] vFkkZr~ f;k ds fyax] opu dkkZ ds vuqlkj ;qDr gksrs gSa] mls dkZ okP; dgrs gSaAtSls i yM+dk nw/k ihrk gSA ii yM+fd;k nw/k ihrh gSaAFke okD; es a îhrk gSA* f;k dkkZ ^yM+dk* ds vuqlkj iqfYyax ,d opu dh gS tcfd

nwljs okD; esa îhrh gSaA* f;k dkkZ ^yM+fd;k* ds vuqlkj L=hfyax] cgq opu dh gSAfo'ks"k % vknjkFkZ ^vki* ds fy, f;k lnS o cgqopu esa gksrh gS tSls vki tk jgs gSaA2- deZokP; % tc okD; es a ;qDr f;k dk lh/kk lEcU/k okD; esa ;qDr deZ ls gksrk

gS vFkkZr~ f;k ds fyax] opu dkkZ ds vuqlkj u gksdj deZ ds vuqlkj gksrs gSa] mls deZokP;dgrs gSaA deZokP; lnSo ldeZd f;kvksa dk gh gksrk gS D;ksafd blesa ^deZ* dh /kkurk jgrh gSA

tSls i jke us pk; ihA ii lhrk us nw/k ih;kAmi;q ZDr Fke okD; es a f;k îh* L=hfyax ,d opu gS tks okD; esa ;qDr deZ ^pk;*

L=hfyax] ,dopu ds vuqlkj vk;h gSA f}rh; okD; esa ;qDr f;k îh;k* iqfYyax] ,dopuesa gS tks okD; es a ;qDr deZ ^nw/k* iqfYyax] ,dopu ds vuqlkj gSA

deZ okP; dh nks fLFkfr;k gks rh gSai dkkZ;qDr deZ okP; ii dkkZ jfgr deZokP;i dkkZ;qDr deZokP; % tc okD; esa dkkZ fo|eku gks rks og fr;Zd dkjd dh fLFkfr

esa gksxk vFkkZr~ dkkZ dkjd fp] foHkfDr ;qDr gksxk rFkk ,slh fLFkfr es a f;k chrs le;dh Hkw rdkfyd gksxhA

tSls ujsUnz us feBkbZ [kkbZA jksth us nw/k ih;kAii dkkZ jfgr deZokP; % dkkZ jfgr deZ okP; dh fLFkfr es a okD; es a ;qDr deZ

gh R;{k dkkZ ds :i esa ;qDr gksrk gSA ,s lh fLFkfr es a f;k la;qDr gks rh gSAtSls ,d vksj v/;;u gks jgk Fkk] nwljh vksj eSp py jgk FkkA tcfd f;k dh iw.kZrk

dh fLFkfr esa f;k in ds xBu es a vkA bZA , eq[;/kkrq esa u tqM+dj mlds rq jUr ckn esa


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36;qDr lgk;d /kkrq esa tqM+rs gSaA tS ls vUFksuh dh ?kM+ h pqjkyh xbZ pksj idM+ fy, x,A

3- HkkookP; % tc okD; esa ;qDr f;k u rks dkkZ ds vuqlkj gks rh gS] u deZ dsvuq lkj] cfYd vleFkZ rk ds Hkko ds lkFk ogk HkkookP; gks rk gSA

tSls vk[kksa es a nnZ ds dkj.k eq> ls i


37/204

371- mlds }kjk i= fy[kk tk,xkkA 1- og i= fy[ksxkA2- cPpksa }kjk fp= cuk, x,A 2- cPpks a us fp= cuk,A3- x/ks }kjk cks>k k


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38

5

in&ifjp;okD; esa ;qDr R;sd lkFkZd 'kCn dks in dgrs gSa rFkk mu 'kCnksa ds O;kdjf.kd ifjp;

dks in ifjp;& in O;k[;k ;k inkUo; dgrs gSaA in ifjp; es a ml 'kCn ds Hksn] miHksn]

fyax] opu] dkjd vkfn ds ifjp; ds lkFk] okD; esa ;qDr vU; inksa ds lkFk mlds lEcU?kdk Hkh mYys[k fd;k tkrk gSA

1- laKk 'kCn dk in ifjp; % fdlh Hkh laKk in ds in ifjp; gsrq fuEu 5 ckrsacrykuh gksrh gSa

i laKk dk dkj ii mldk fyax iii opu iv dkjd rFkk v ml 'kCn dk f;k ds lkFk lEcU/klaKk 'kCn dk f;k ds lkFk lEcU/k ^dkjd* ds vuqlkj tkuk tk ldrk gSAtSls & ;fn laKk 'kCn dkkZ dkjd gS rks fy[ksaxs veqd f;k dk dkkZ ;k ^djus okyk%*]

rFkk deZ dkjd gS rks mYys[k djsaxs veqd f;k dk ^deZ*! blh dkj dkjd ds vuqlkj mldkf;k ds lkFk lEcU/k cryk;k tk;sxkA

vfHk"ksd iq Lrd i


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39f;k dk dkkZA

3- fo'ks"k.k 'kCn dk in ifjp; % fdlh fo'ks"k.k 'kCn ds in ifjp; gsrq fuEu ckrksadk mYys[k djuk gksrk gS i fo'ks"k.k dk dkj ii voLFkk iii fyax iv opu rFkk vfo'ks"; o mlds lkFk lEcUkA

ohj jke us lc jk{klksa dk o/k dj fn;kAmDr okD; es a ôhj* rFkk ^lc* 'kCn fo'ks"k.k gSa] budk in ifjp; fuEukuqlkj gksxk & ohj % xq.kokpd fo'ks"k.k] ewykoLFkk] iqfYyax] ,dopu] ^jke* fo'ks"; ds xq.k dk cks/k

djkrk gSAlc % la[;kokpd fo'ks"k.k] ewykoLFkk] iqfYyax] cgq opu] ^jk{klksa* fo'ks"; dh la[;k dk

cks/k djkrk gSA4- f;k 'kCn dk in ifjp; % f;k ^'kCn* dk in ifjp; esa f;k dk dkj] fyax]

opu] okP;] dky rFkk okD; es a ;qDr vU; 'kCnks a ds lkFk lEcU/k dks cryk;k tkrk gSA jke us jko.k dks ck.k ls ekjkAmDr okD; es a êkjk* in f;k gSA bldk in ifjp; gksxk &ekjk % ldeZd f;k] iqfYyax] ,dopu] dkZokP;] Hkwrdky] êkjk* f;k dk dkkZ ^jke*]

deZ jko.k rFkk dj.k ck.kAvO;; ;k vfodkjh 'kCn dk in ifjp; % vO;; ;k vfodkjh 'kCn dk :i fyax]

opu] dkjd vkfn ls Hkkfor ugha gksrk] vr% buds in ifjp; esa dsoy vO;; 'kCn ds dkj]

mldh fo'ks"krk ;k lEcU/k gh cryk;k tkrk gS ;Fkk &5- f;k fo'ks"k.k dk in ifjp; % yM+ds ij [kM+s gSaAîj* 'kCn f;k fo'ks"k.k gS vr% in ifjp; gksxkij % LFkkuokpd f;k fo'ks"k.k] ^[kM+s gSa* f;k ds LFkku dk cksk djkrk gSA6- lEcU/kcks/kd vO;; dk in ifjp; % Hkkstu ds ckn foJke djuk pkfg,ALrqr okD; esa ^ds ckn* lEcU/k cks/kd vO;; gSA vr% bldk in ifjp; gksxk &ds ckn % lEcU/k cks/kd vO;;] tks Hkkstu laKk dk lEcU/k ^foJke* ds lkFk

tksM+rk gSA7- leqPp;cks/kd vO;; dk in ifjp; % rfIr vkSj xqatu tk jgh gSaALrqr okD; es a ^vkSj* 'kCn leqPp; cks/kd vO;; gS] bldk in ifjp; gksxk

vkSj % leqPp; cks/kd vO;;] la;kstd] rfIr rFkk xqatu nks laKk 'kCnksa dks tksM+rk gSA8- foLe;kfncks/kd vO;; dk in ifjp; % vjs ! ;g D;k gks x;k \vjs % foLe;kfn cks/kd vO;;] tks foLe; ds Hkko dk cks/k djkrk gSA


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40vH;kl 'u

1- în ifjp;* esa eq[;r% D;k djuk gks rk gS \d in dk HkkokFkZ crkuk[k in dk ljykFk Z crkukx 'kCn dk O;kdjf.kd ifjp; crkuk?k in ij fu;qfDr crkuk

2- laKk in ds in & ifjp; es a D;k ugha cryk;k tkrk \d laKk dk dkj [k fyaxx opu ?k dky

3- in dk dkj] fyax] opu] okP;] dky rFkk vU; 'kCnksa ds lkFk lEcU/k] fdl dsin ifjp; es a cryk;k tkrk gS \d loZuke [k f;k x fo'ks"k.k ?k laKk

4- în ifjp;* fdls dgrs gSa \5- ^loZuke* in ds in ifjp; es a fdu&fdu ckrks a dk mYys[k djuk gks rk gS \6- fuEu okD; esa ;qDr laKk inks a dk in ifjp; nhft, yksds'k fo|ky; tk,xkA7- js[kkafdr 'kCnks a dk in ifjp; nhft,

;g lqUnj iqLrd eq>s nksA8- okg ! D;k gh u;ukfHkjke n'; gS ! ôkg !* in dk in ifjp; nhft,A


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41

6

lfU/k

lfU/k %nks /ofu;ksa o.kksZa ds ijLij esy dks lfU/k dgrs gSaA vFkkZr~ tc nks 'kCn feyrs gSa rks

Fke 'kCn dh vfUre /ofu o.kZ rFkk feyus okys 'kCn dh Fke /ofu ds esy ls tks fodkjgksrk gS mls lfU/k dgrs gSaA /ofu;ksa ds esy esa Loj ds lkFk Loj jke$vorkj] Loj ds lkFkO;atu vk$Nknu] O;atu ds lkFk O;atu txr~$ukFk] O;atu ds lkFk Loj txr~$bZ'k] folxZds lkFk Loj eu%vuqdwy rFkk folxZ ds lkFk O;atu eu%$gj] dk esy gks ldrk gSA

dkj % lfU/k rhu dkj dh gks rh gS1- Loj lfU/k 2- O;atu lfU/k 3- folxZ lfU/k

1- Loj lfU/k %Loj ds lkFk Loj ds esy dks Loj lfU/k dgrs gSaA fgUnh es a Loj X;kjg gksrs gSaA ;Fkk&v]

vk] b] bZ] m] ] _] ,] ,s] vks] vkS rFkk O;atu k;% Loj dh lgk;rk ls cksys tkrs gSaA

tSls ^jke* esa ^e* es a ^v* Loj fufgr gSA ^jke$vorkj& esa ^e& dk ^v& rFkk vorkj ds ^v* Loj dk feyu gksdj lfU/k gksxhA

Loj lfU/k ikp dkj dh gksrh gS& i nh?kZ lfU/k ii xq.k lfUk iii of) lfU/k iv;.k lfU/k v v;kfn lfU/k

i nh?kZ lfU/k % v] b] m] y?kq ;k gzLo Loj gSa vkSj vk] bZ] xq# ;k nh?kZ LojA vr%v ;k vk ds lkFk v ;k vk ds esy ls ^vk*( ^b* ;k ^bZ* ds lkFk ^b* ;k bZ ds esy ls ^bZ* rFkk m ;k ds lkFk m ;k ds esy ls ^* curk gSA tSls %

v$v & vku;u $ vfHkjke u;ukfHkjke pj.k $ ver pj.kkerije $ vFkZ ijekFkZl $ vo/kku lko/kku

foPNsnjkekuqt jke $ vuqt xhrkatfy xhr $ vatfylw;kZLr lw ;Z $ vLr eqjkfj eqj $ vfj

v $ vk vk nso $ vky; nsoky; lR; $ vkxzg lR;kxzg jRu $ vkdj jRukdj dq 'k $ vklu dq'kklu


42/204

42foPNsn

Nk=kokl Nk= $ vkokl nsokuUn nso $ vkuUn nhik/kkj nhi $ vk/kkj kjEHk $ vkjEHk

vk $ v vklsuk $ v/;{k lsuk/;{k fo|k $ vFkhZ fo|kFkhZrFkk $ vfi rFkkfi ;qok $ voLFkk ;qokoLFkk

foPNsnd{kk/;kid d{kk $ v/;kid J)katfy J)k $ vatfylHkk/;{k lHkk $ v/;{k }kjdk/kh'k }kjdk $ v/kh'k

vk $ vk vkfo|k $ vky; fo|ky; egk $ vk'k; egk'k;rh{kk$vky; rh{kky; J)k $ vkyq J)kyq

foPNsnfpfdRlky; fpfdRlk $ vky;ikdka{kh ik $ vkdka{khek;kpj.k ek;k $ vkpj.k n;kuUn n;k $ vkuUn

b $ b bZ

jfo $ bUnz johUnz vfHk $ b"V vHkh"V foPNsn

fxjhUnz fxfj $ bUnz v/khu vf/k $ bu b $ bZ bZ

gfj $ bZ'k gjh'k ifj $ bZ{kk ijh{kk foPNsn

vHkhIlk vfHk $ bZIlk v/kh{kd vf/k $ bZ{kdbZ $ b bZ

egh $ bUnz eghUnz y{eh $ bPNk y{ehPNk foPNsn

Q.khUnz Q.kh $ bUnz JhUnq Jh $ bUnqbZ $ bZ bZ

ukjh $ bZ'oj ukjh'oj tkudh $ bZ'k tkudh'k foPNsn

jtuh'k jtuh $ bZ 'k unh'k unh $ bZ'k m $ m

Hkkuq $ mn; Hkkuw n; xq# $ mins'k xq:ins'kfoPNsn

y?kwkj y?kq $ mRrj dVw fDr dVq $ mfDr


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43 $

Hkw $ /oZ Hkw/oZHkw $ "ek Hkw"ek

foPNsnpewtkZ pew $ tkZlj;wfeZ lj;w $ feZ

ii xq.k lfU/k % v ;k vk ds lkFk b ;k bZ ds esy ls ^,* ] v ;k vk ds lkFkm ;k ds esy ls ^vks* ks rFkk v ;k vk ds lkFk _ ds esy ls ^vj* curk gS ;Fkk &

v $ b ,lqj $ bUnz lqjsUnzLo $ bPNk LosPNk

foPNsnusfr u $ bfr HkkjrsUnq Hkkjr $ bUnq

v $ bZ ,uj $ bZ'k ujs'kloZ $ bZ{k.k losZ{k.k

foPNsn

x.ks'k x.k $ bZ'k s{kk $ bZ{kk

vk $ b ,egk $ bUnz egsUnz;Fkk $bPNk ;FksPNk

foPNsnjktsUnz jktk $ bUnz;Fks"V ;Fkk $ b"V

vk $ bZ ,jkdk $ bZ'k jkds'k

}kjdk $bZ'k }kjds'kfoPNsn

jes'k jek $ bZ'kfefFkys'k fefFkyk $ bZ'k

v $ m vksij$midkj ijksidkj lw;Z $ mn; lw ;ksZn;

foPNsnksTToy $ mTToy


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44lksnkgj.k l $ mnkgj.k vUR;ksn; vUR; $ mn;

v $ vksty $ feZ tyksfeZuo $


45/204

45fo'oSdrk fo'o $ ,drk

v $ ,s ,sKku$,s'o;Z KkuS'o;ZLo$,sfPNd LoSfPNd

foPNsnerSD; er $ ,sD;nsoS'o;Z nso $ ,s'o;Z

vk $ , ,slnk $ ,o lnSoolq/kk $ ,o olq/kSo

foPNsnegS"k.kk egk$,"k.kk rFkSo rFkk $ ,o

vk $ ,s ,segk$,s'o;Z egS'o;Z

foPNsnxaxS'o;Z xaxk $ ,s'o;Z

v $ vks vkS

nw/k $ vksnu nw /kkSnuty $ vks?k tykS?k

foPNsnijekSt ije $ vkst?k`rkSnu ?kr $ vksnu

v $ vkS vkSou$vkS"k/k oukS"k/k ri$vkSnk;Z rikSnk;Z

foPNsnHkkokSfpR; Hkko $ vkSfpR;

HkkokSnk;Z Hkko $ vkSnk;Zvk $ vks vkS

egk $ vkst egkSt xaxk $ vks?k xaxkS?k

foPNsnegkStLoh egk $ vkstLoh

vk $ vkS vkSegk$vkS"k/k egkS"k/k ;Fkk$vkSfpR; ;FkkSfpR;


46/204

46foPNsn

egkSRlqD; egk $ vkSRlqD;egkSnk;Z egk $ vkSnk;Z

iv ;.k lfU/k % b ;k bZ ds lkFk buds vfrfjDr vU; fdlh Loj ds esy ij b ;k bZ ds LFkku ij ^;~* m ;k ds lkFk buds vfrfjDr vU; Loj ds esy ij m ;k ds LFkku ij ^o~* rFkk ^_* ds lkFk vU; fdlh Loj ds esy ij ^j~* cu tk;sxk rFkk feyus okys Loj dh ek=k ;~] o~] ^j~* es a yx tk;sxhA ;Fkk

vfr $ vf/kd vR;f/kdlq $ vkxr Lokxr fir $ vkKk fi=kKk

blesa foPNsn djrs le; ;] o rFkk ^j* ds iwoZ vk;s gyUr o.kZ es a e'k% b] bZ( m rFkk _ dh ek=k yxk nsaxs rFkk ;] o] j esa tks Loj gS ml Loj ds kjEHk ls fiNyk 'kCnfy[k nsaxs ;Fkk &

vR;kpkj vfr $ vkpkj vUoh{k.k vuq $ bZ{k.kek=uqefr ekr $ vuqefr

vH;klkFkZ vU; mnkgj.k nsf[k,&b $ v ;

vfr $ vYi vR;Yi vf/k $ v{k v/;{k

foPNsnxR;ojks/k xfr $ vojks/kO;ogkj fo $ vogkj ;|fi ;fn $ vfi

b $ vk ;k bfr $ vkfn bR;kfn ifj $ vkoj.k i;kZoj.k

foPNsn

vH;kxr vfHk $ vkxr O;k;ke fo $ vk;ke i;kZIr ifj $ vkIr

b $ m ;q vfHk $ mn; vH;qn;fr $ midkj R;qidkj

foPNsnjO;qn; jfo $ mn;mi;qZDr mifj $ mDr


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47b $ ;w

fu $ u U;w uvf/k $


48/204

48vuq $ ,"k.k vUos"k.k

foPNsnvUos"kh vuq $ ,"kh

$ vk ok o/kw $ vkxeu o/okxeu

foPNsnHokfn Hkw $ vkfn

_ $ v j ekr` $ vuqefr ek=uqefr

_ $ vk jk fir $ vkKk fi=kKk

_ $ b fj ekr` $ bPNk ekf=PNk

_ $ m # fir` $ mins'k fi=qins'k

uksV % r~ $ j ds esy ls ^rz* curk gSAiv v;kfn lfU/k

,] ,s] vks] vkS ds lkFk vU; fdlh Loj ds esy ij ^,* ds LFkku ij ^v;~*( ^,s* ds LFkku

ij ^vk;~*( vks ds LFkku ij ^vo~* rFkk ^vkS* ds LFkku ij ^vko~* cu tkrk gS rFkk feyus okys Loj dh ek=k ;~ rFkk ^o~* esa yx tkrh gSA tSls &

us $ vu u;u] xS $ vd xk;d iks $ vu iou] ikS $ vd ikod lfU/k foPNsn djrs le; /;ku j[kuk gS fd ;fn ^;* ds igys okys o.kZ es a ^v* dk Loj

gks rks mles a ^,* dh ek=k] vk dk Loj gks rks ^,s* dh ek=k rFkk ^o* ds igys okys o.kZ esa^v* dk Loj gks rks ^vks* dh ek=k rFkk ^vk* dk Loj gks rks ^vkS* dh ek=k yxk nsa rFkk ^;*,oa o esa tks Loj gS] mlls vxyk 'kCn cukysaA ;Fkk &

foy; foys $ v] fouk;d fouS $ vdifo= iks $ b=] Hkkoqd HkkS $ md

, $ v v;fous $ v fou;ps $ vu p;u

,s $ v vk;uS $ vd uk;d fo/kS $ bdk fo/kkf;dkxS $ bdk xkf;dk vks $ v vo Hkks $ vu Hkou vks $ b vfo gks $ b"; gfo";


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49vks $ , vos xks $ ,"k.kk xos"k.kkvkS $ v vko ikS $ vu ikou vkS $ b vkfo ukS $ bd ukfod vkS $ m vkoq HkkS $ md Hkkoqd

2- O;atu lfU/kO;atu lfU/k esa O;atu ds lkFk Loj ;k O;atu dk esy rFkk Loj ds lkFk O;atu dk esy

gksrk gSA

tSls fnd~ $ vEcjfnxEcj] lr~$tulTtu] vfHk$lsd vfHk"ksdA

O;atu lfU/k ds dfri; fu;e1- d~] p~] V~] r~] i~] ds lkFk fdlh Hkh Loj rFkk fdlh Hkh oxZ ds rhljs o pkSFks o.kZ

x] ?k] t] >] M]


50/204

50rr~ $ mijkUr rnqijkUr

foPNsnlnk'k; lr~ $ vk'k;rnuUrj rr~ $ vuUrjmn~?kkVu mr~ $ ?kkVu txnEck txr~ $ vEck

i~ dk c~vi~ $ n vCn

foPNsnvCt vi~ $ t

ii d~] p~] V~] r~] i~ ds lkFk fdlh Hkh ukfld o.kZ ] ] t] .k] u] e ds esyij d~ ds LFkku ij ~] p~ ds LFkku ij t~] V~ ds LFkku ij .k~] r~ ds LFkku ij u~ rFkk i~ds LFkku ij e~ cu tk;saxsA ;Fkk

d~ dk ~okd~ $ e; ok~e;fnd~ $ ukx fn~ukx

foPNsn

fn~e.My fnd~ $ e.Myk~eq[k kd~ $ eq[kV~ dk .k~

"kV~ $ ekl "k.ekl "kV~ $ ewfrZ "k.ew frZ

foPNsn"k.eq[k "kV~ $ eq[k"kk.ekfld "kV~ $ ekfld

r~ dk u~mr~ $ ufr mUufr

txr~ $ ukFk txUukFk mr~ $ ewyu mUew yu

foPNsntxUekrk txr~ $ ekrk mUuk;d mr~ $ uk;d fo}Ue.Myh fo}r~ $ e.Myh

i~ dk e~vi~ $ e; vEe;

iii e~ ds lkFk d ls e rd ds fdlh Hkh o.kZ ds esy ij ^e~* ds LFkku ij feyus


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51okys o.kZ dk vfUre ukfld o.kZ cu tk;sxkA vktdy ukfld o.kZ ds LFkku ij vuqLokj &

+

Hkh ekU; gks x;k gSA ;Fkke~ $ d [k x ?k

le~ $ dYi ladYi@l VUYile~ $ [;k la[;kle~ $ xe laxele~ $ ?k"kZ la ?k"kZ

foPNsnvyadkj vye~ $ dkj'kadj 'ke~ $ djlaxBu le~ $ xBu

vioknle~ $ dj.k laLdj.kle~ $ r laLrle~ $ dkj laLdkjle~ $ fr laLfr

e~ $ p] N] t] >] le~ $ p; la p;

fde~ $ fpr~ fdafprle~ $ thou la thou

foPNsnfdapu fde~ $ pueR;qat; eR;qe~ $ t;lapkyu le~ $ pkyu

e~ $ V] B] M]


52/204

52foPNsn

fo'oEHkj fo'oe~ $ HkjlEHkkouk le~ $ Hkkouk

iv e~ ds lkFk ;] j] y] o] 'k] "k] l] g esa ls fdlh Hkh o.kZ ds esy ij ^e~* ds LFkku ij vuq Lokj gh yxsxkA

le~ $ ;ksx la;ksxle~ $ jpuk lajpukle~ $ yXu layXule~ $ or~ laor~le~ $ 'k; la 'k;le~ $ gkj la gkj

foPNsnla;kstuk le~ $ ;kstuklafo/kku le~ $ fo/kku lalxZ le~ $ lxZla'ys"k.k le~ $ 'ys"k.k

v r~ ;k n~ ds lkFk p ;k N ds esy ij r~ ;k n~ ds LFkku ij p~ cu tk;sxkAmr~ $ pkj.k mPpkj.k

'kjr~ $ pUnz 'kjPpUnzmr~ $ fNUu mfPNUu

foPNsno`gPp;u ogr~ $ p;umPNsn mr~ $ Nsnfo|qPNVk fo|qr~ $ NVk

vi r~ ;k n~ ds lkFk t ;k > ds esy ij r~ ;k n~ ds LFkku ij t~ cu tk;sxk&

lr~ $ tu lTtu txr~ $ thou txTthou

ogr~ $ >adkj ogT>adkjfoPNsn

mTToy mr~ $ Toy ;koTthou ;kor~ $ thouegT>adkj egr~ $ >adkj

vii r~ ;k n~ ds lkFk V ;k B ds esy ij r~ ;k n~ ds LFkku ij V~ cu tk;sxk Arr~ $ Vhdk rhdk ogr~ $ Vhdk o`ghdk

viii r~ ;k n~ ds lkFk ^M* ;k < ds esy ij r~ ;k n~ ds LFkku ij ^M~* cu tk;sxk


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53mr~ $ M;u mM~M;uHkor~ $ Me: HkoM~Me:

ix r~ ;k n~ ds lkFk y ds esy ij r~ ;k n~ ds LFkku ij ^y~* cu tk;sxkAmr~ $ ykl mYykl rr~ $ yhu rYyhu fo|qr~ $ ys[kk fo|qYys[kk

foPNsnmYya?ku mr~ $ ya?kuHkxoYyhu Hkxor~ $ yhumYys[k mr~ $ ys[k

x r~ ;k n~ ds lkFk ^g* ds esy ij r~ ;k n~ ds LFkku ij n~ rFkk g ds LFkku ij/k cu tkrk gS tSls

mr~ $ gkj mn~ /kkj@m)kjmr~ $ r mn~/k`r@m)rin~ $ gfr i)fr

foPNsnrn~f/kr rr~ $ fgrmn~/kj.k mr~ $ gj.k

xi ^r~ ;k n~* ds lkFk ^'k* ds esy ij r~ ;k n~ ds LFkku ij ^p~* rFkk ^'k* ds LFkkuij ^N* cu tkrk gS

mr~ $ 'okl mPN~okl mr~ $ ka[ky mPNa[ky'kjr~ $ 'kf'k 'kjPNf'k

foPNsnmfPN"V mr~ $ f'k"V lPNkL= lr~ $ 'kkL=

xii fdlh Hkh Loj ds lkFk ^N* ds esy ij Loj rFkk ^N* ds chp ^p~* dk vkxeugks tkrk gS

vk $ Nknu vkPNknu vuq $ Nsn vuqPNsn'kkyk $ Nknu 'kkykPNknu Lo $ NUn LoPNUn

foPNsnifjPNsn ifj $ NsnfoPNsn fo $ Nsnr#PNk;k r# $ Nk;k ,dPN= ,d $ N=


54/204

54xiii v ;k vk ds vfrfjDr vU; fdlh Loj ds lkFk ^l* ds esy ij ^l* ds LFkku

ij ^"k* cu tk;sxkAfo $ le fo"ke vfHk $ flDr vfHkf"kDr vuq $ lax vuq"kax

foPNsnvfHk"ksd vfHk $ lsdlq"kqIr lq $ lqIrfu"ks/k fu $ ls/kfo"kkn fo $ lkn

vioknfo $ lxZ folxZvuq $ lkj vuqlkjfo $ ltZu foltZufo $ Lej.k foLej.k

xiv ;fn fdlh 'kCn es a dgh Hkh _] j ;k "k gks ,oa mlds lkFk feyus okys 'kCnesa dgha Hkh ^u* gks rFkk mu nksuksa ds chp dksbZ Hkh Loj] d] [k x] ?k] i] Q] c] Hk] e] ;] j] y] o esa ls dksbZ Hkh o.kZ gks rks lfU/k gksus ij ^u* ds LFkku ij ^.k* gks tk;sxkA

jke $ v;u jkek;.k ifj $ uke ifj.kke ukj $ v;u ukjk;.k

foPNsnlkj.k lkj $ u mkjk;.k mkj $ v;u e.e; er~ $ e;hM+kax.k hM+k $ vaxu

xv n~ ds lkFk d] [k] r] Fk] i] Q] 'k] "k] l] g ds esy ij n~ ds LFkku ij r~cu tkrk gS

laln~ $ lnL; lalRlnL;rn~ $ ij rRij ln~ $ dkj lRdkj

3- folxZ lfU/k folxZ % ds lkFk Loj ;k O;atu ds esy ij folxZ lfUk gks rh gSA ;Fkkfu% $ v{kj fuj{kj nq% $ vkRek nqjkRekfu% $ iki fu"iki

i folxZ ds lkFk p ;k N ds esy ij folxZ ds LFkku ij ^'k~* cu tkrk gS


55/204

55fu% $ p; fu'p;nq% $ pfj= nq'pfj=T;ksfr% $ p T;ksfr'pfu% $ Ny fu'Ny

foPNsnri'p;kZ ri% $ p;kZvUr'psruk vUr% $ ps rukgfj'pUnz gfj% $ pUnzvUr'p{kq vUr% $ p{kq

ii folxZ ds lkFk ^'k* ds esy ij folxZ ds LFkku ij Hkh ^'k~* cu tkrk gSAnq% $ 'kklu nq''kklu;'k% $ 'kjhj ;'k''kjhj fu% $ 'kqYd fu''kqYd

foPNsnfu''okl fu% $ 'okl prq''yksdh prq% $ 'yksdhfu''kad fu% $ 'kad

iii folxZ ds lkFk V] B ;k "k ds esy ij folxZ ds LFkku ij ^"k~* cu tkrk gS

/kuq% $ Vadkj /kuq"Vadkjprq% $ Vhdk prq"Vhdkprq% $ "kf"V prq""kf"V

iv ;fn folxZ ds igys okys o.kZ esa v ;k vk ds vfrfjDr vU; dksbZ Loj gks rFkkfolxZ ds lkFk feyus okys 'kCn dk Fke o.kZ d] [k] i] Q esa ls dksbZ Hkh gks rks folxZds LFkku ij ^"k~* cu tk;sxkA

fu% $ dyad fu"dyadnq% $ dj nq"djvkfo% $ dkj vkfo"dkj prq% $ iFk prq"iFk

fu% $ Qy fu"Qy foPNsn

fu"dke fu% $ dke fu";kstu fu% $ ;kstucfg"dkj cfg% $ dkj fu"diV fu% $ diV T;ksfr"d.k T;ksfr% $ d.k

v ;fn folxZ ds igys okys o.kZ esa v ;k vk dk Loj gks rFkk folxZ ds ckn d][k] i] Q gks rks lfU/k gksus ij folxZ Hkh T;ks a dk R;ks a cuk jgsxk ;Fkk


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56v/k% $ iru v/k % iru kr% $ dky kr % dky vUr % $ iqj vUr % iqj o; % e o; % e

foPNsnjt % d.k jt % $ d.k ri % iwr ri % $ iw ri; % iku i; % $ iku vUr % dj.k vUr % $ dj.k

vioknHkk % $ dj HkkLdj ue % $ dkj ueLdkj iqj % $ dkj iqjLdkjJs; % $ dj Js;Ldjcg % $ ifr cgLifriqj % $ r iqjLrfrj % $ dkj frjLdkj

vi folxZ ds lkFk r ;k Fk ds esy ij folxZ ds LFkku ij ^l~* cu tk;sxkA

vUr % $ ry vUrLry fu % $ rki fuLrki nq % $ rj nqLrjfu % $ rkj.k fuLrkj.k

foPNsnfuLrst fu% $ rstueLrs ue % $ rseuLrki eu % $ rki cfgLFky cfg % $ Fky

ii folxZ ds lkFk ^l* ds esy ij folxZ ds LFkku ij ^l~* cu tkrk gSA

fu % $ lUnsg fuLlUnsgnq % $ lkgl nqLlkglfu % $ LokFkZ fuLLokFkZnq % $ LoIu nqLLoIu

foPNsnfuLlarku fu % $ la rkunqLlk/; nq % $ lk/;euLlarki eu % $ la rkiiquLLej.k iqu % $ Lej.k


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57viii ;fn folxZ ds igys okys o.kZ es a ^b* o ^m* dk Loj gks rFkk folxZ ds ckn ^j*

gks rks lfU/k gksus ij folxZ dk rks yksi gks tk;sxk lkFk gh ^b* o ^m* dh ek=k ^bZ* o ^*dh gks tk;sxhA

fu % $ jl uhjl fu % $ jo uhjo fu % $ jksx uhjksxnq % $ jkt nw jkt

foPNsnuhjt fu % $ jt uhjUnz fu % $ jUnzp{kwjksx p{kq % $ jksxnwjE; nq % $ jE;

ix folxZ ds igys okys o.kZ es a ^v* dk Loj gks rFkk folxZ ds lkFk v ds vfrfjDrvU; fdlh Loj ds esy ij folxZ dk yksi gks tk;sxk rFkk vU; dksbZ ifjorZu ugha gksxkA

vr % $ ,o vr,o eu % $ mPNsn eumPNsni; % $ vkfn i;vkfn rr % $ ,o rr,o

x folxZ ds igys okys o.kZ es a ^v* dk Loj gks rFkk folxZ ds lkFk v] x] ?k] M]] >] t] M]


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58ds lkFk dksbZ Hkh Loj( x] ?k] M] t] >] ] M]


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594- fuEu es a O;atu lfU/k dk mnkgj.k gS&

d jkekorkj [k mTToy x ksTToy ?k uhjksx

5- fdl 'kCn esa folxZ lfU/k ugha gqbZ gS&d vUr'psruk [k vr,o x egksn; ?k nqjoLFkk

6- fuEu es a fdl 'kCn es a ^v$vvk* dk esy ugha gqvk gS \d ".kktqZu [k lko/kku x fo|kFkhZ ?k mkjkf/kdkj

7- ^mn~/k r* 'kCn dk lgh lfU/k foxzg gksxk&d mr~ $ r [k mn~ $ rx mr~ $ /k`r ?k mn~ $ /k`r

8- fuEu es a lgh lfU/k fdlesa gqbZ gS&d ;'k%$nk;'kksnk [k ln$,olnSox eu%$gjeugj ?k mr~$'oklmPNokl

9- xq.k lfU/k dh ifjHkk"kk nhft,A10- bZ $ bZ bZ curk gS] nks mnkgj.k nhft,A11- okd~ $ e; ok~e;

O;atu lfU/k ds mDr fu;e dk mYys[k dhft,A12- fuEu 'kCnks a dk lfU/k foPNsn dhft,&

Hkkoqd] egf"kZ] ijksidkj] Hkkuwn;] vUoh{k.k]mUufr] fnxEcj] gfj'pUnz] ukfod] vH;qn;A

13- fuEu 'kCnksa dh lfU/k dhft,&vfr $ vf/kd] ,d $ ,d] nso $ _f"k vfHk $ lsd] ifj $ Nsn] jt% $ d.k Hkk% $ dj] mr~ $ ys[k] mr~ $ ka[kyA

14- Loj] O;atu ,oa folxZ lfU/k dks iFkd dhft,Ae.e;] fujhg] egf"kZ] rf)r] U;wu] fouk;d] mn~?kkVu]

jO;qn;] ;|fi] lnSo] fi=kKk] rUoaxh] uhjl] kr%dky] fo"keA


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60

7

leklifjHkk"kk %

^lekl* 'kCn dk 'kkfCnd vFkZ gksrk gS ^NksVk&:i*A vr% tc nks ;k nks ls vf/kd 'kCn

in vius chp dh foHkfDr;ksa dk yksi dj tks NksVk :i cukrs gSa] mls lekl] lkekfld'kCn ;k leLr in dgrs gSaA tSls ^jlksbZ ds fy, ?kj* 'kCnksa esa ls ^ds fy,* foHkfDr dk yksidjus ij u;k 'kCn cuk ^jlksbZ ?kj*] tks ,d lkekfld 'kCn gSA

fdlh leLr in ;k lkekfld 'kCn dks mlds fofHkUu inks a ,oa foHkfDr lfgr i`Fkd~ djusdh f;k dks lekl dk foxzg dgrs gSa tSls fo|ky; fo|k ds fy, vky;] ekrk&firkekrkvkS j firkAdkj %

lekl N% dkj ds gksrs gSa&1- vO;;hHkko lekl] 2- rRiq#"k lekl3- }U} lekl 4- cgqcz hfg lekl5- f}xq lekl 5- deZ /kkj; lekl

1- vO;;hHkko lekl %vO;;hHkko lekl esa k;%i igyk in /kku gks rk gSAii igyk in ;k iwjk in vO;; gksrk gSA os 'kCn tks fyax] opu] dkjd] dky ds

vuqlkj ugha cnyrs] mUgsa vO;; dgrs gSaiii ;fn ,d 'kCn dh iqujkofk gks vkSj nksuksa 'kCn feydj vO;; dh rjg ;qDr

gks] ogk Hkh vO;;hHkko lekl gks rk gSAiv la Lr ds milxZ ;qDr in Hkh vO;;hHko lekl gksrs gSa&

;Fkk'kfDr 'kfDr ds vuqlkjA;Fkk'kh?kz ftruk 'kh?kz gks;Fkke e ds vuqlkj;Fkkfof/k fof/k ds vuqlkj;Fkkolj volj ds vuqlkj;FksPNk bPNk ds vuqlkjfrfnu R;sd fnuA fnu&fnuA gj fnuR;sd gj ,dA ,d&,dA fr ,d R;{k vf{k ds vkxs


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61?kj&?kj R;sd ?kjA gj ?kjA fdlh Hkh ?kj dks u NksM+djgkFkksa&gkFk ,d gkFk ls nwljs gkFk rdA gkFk gh gkFk esajkrksa&jkr jkr gh jkr esachpksa&chp Bhd chp esalkQ&lkQ lkQ ds ckn lkQA fcYdqy lkQ vkej.k ejus rdA ej.ki;ZUrvkleqnz leqnzi;ZUrHkjisV isV Hkjdjvuqdwy tSlk dwy gS oSlk;koTthou thoui;ZUrfufoZokn fcuk fookn dsnj vly vly esackdk;nk dk;ns ds vuqlkj

2- rRiq#"k lekl %i rRiq#"k lekl esa nw ljk in ij in /kku gksrk gS vFkkZr~ foHkfDr dk fyax] opu

nwljs in ds vuqlkj gks rk gSAii bldk foxzg djus ij dkkZ o lEcks/ku dh foHkfDr;ksa us] gs] vks] vjs ds vfrfjDr

fdlh Hkh dkjd dh foHkfDr ;qDr gksrh gS rFkk foHkfDr;ksa ds vuqlkj gh blds miHksn gksrs

gSaA tSls &d deZ rRiq#"k dks".kkiZ.k ".k dks viZ.kus= lq[kn us=ksa dks lq[knou&xeu ou dks xeutsc drjk tsc dks drjus okykkIrksnd mnd dks kIr[k dj.k rRiq#"k ls@ds }kjkbZ'oj&nk bZ'oj ls nkgLr&fyf[kr gLr gkFk ls fyf[kr

rqylhr rqylh }kjk jfprn;knzZ n;k ls vknzZjRu tfM+r jRuksa ls tfM+rx lEnku rRiq#"k ds fy,

gou&lkexzh gou ds fy, lkexzhfo|ky; fo|k ds fy, vky;xq#&nf{k.kk xq# ds fy, nf{k.kkcfy&i'kq cfy ds fy, i'kq

?k viknku rRiq#"k ls i`Fkd~


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62_.k&eqDr _.k ls eqDrinP;qr in ls P;qrekxZ Hkz"V ekxZ ls Hkz"V/keZ&foeq[k /keZ ls foeq[kns'k&fudkyk ns'k ls fudkyk

p lEcU/k rRiq#"k dk] ds] dhefU=&ifj"kn~ efU=;ks a dh ifj"kn~se&lkxj se dk lkxjjktekrk jktk dh ekrk vepwj vke dk pw .kZjkepfjr jke dk pfjr

N vf/kdj.k rRiq#"k esa] is] ijouokl ou esa okl thon;k thoks a ij n;k/;ku&eXu /;ku esa eXu ?kqM+lokj ?kksM+s ij lokj ?k`rkUu ?kh es a iDdk vUudfo iqaxo dfo;ksa esa Js"B

3- }U} lekli }U} lekl esa nksuks a in /kku gksrs gSaAii nksuks a in k;% ,d nwljs ds foykse gksrs gSa] lnSo ughaAiii bldk foxzg djus ij ^vkS j*] vFkok ^;k* dk ;ksx gks rk gSA

ekrk&firk ekrk vkSj firk nky&jksVh nky vkSj jksVh iki&iq.; iki ;k iq.;@iki vkSj iq.;vUu&ty vUu vkSj ty tyok;q ty vkSj ok;qQy&Qwy Qy vkSj Qw y

Hkyk&cqjk Hkyk ;k cqjk #i;k&iSlk #i;k vkSj iSlkviuk&ijk;k viuk ;k ijk;k uhy&yksfgr uhyk vkS j yksfgr yky/kekZ/keZ /keZ ;k v/keZlqjklqj lqj ;k vlqj@lqj vkSj vlqj'khrks".k 'khr ;k m".k ;'kki;'k ;'k ;k vi;'k 'khrkri 'khr ;k vkri


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63'kL=kL= 'kL= vkSj vL=".kktqZu ".k vkSj vtqZu

4- cgqczhfg lekli cgqcz hfg lekl esa dksbZ Hkh in /kku ugha gksrkAii bles a ;qDr inksa ds lkekU; vFkZ dh vis{kk vU; vFkZ dh /kkurk jgrh gSAiii bldk foxzg djus ij ^okyk] gS] tks] ftldk] ftldh] ftlds] og vkfn

vkrs gSaAxtkuu xt dk vkuu gS ftldk og x.ks'kf=us= rhu us= gSa ftlds og f'koprqHkqZt pkj Hkqtk, gSa ftldh og fo".kq"kMkuu "kV~ N% vkuu gSa ftlds og dkfrZds;n'kkuu n'k vkuu gSa ftlds og jko.k?ku';ke ?ku tS lk ';ke gS tks og ".kihrkEcj ihr vEcj gSa ftlds og fo".kqpUnzpwM+ pUnz pwM+ ij gS ftlds ogfxfj/kj fxfj dks /kkj.k djus okyk gS tks ogeqjkfj eqj dk vfj gS tks ogvk'kqrks"k vk'kq 'kh?kz lUu gks rk gS tks og

uhyyksfgr uhyk gS ygw ftldk ogotzikf.k otz gS ikf.k es a ftlds oglqxzho lqUnj gS xz hok ftldh oge/kqlwnu e/kq dks ekjus okyk gS tks ogvktkuqckgq tkuqvksa ?kqVuksa rd ckgq, gS a ftldh oguhyd.B uhyk d.B gS ftldk ogegknso nsorkvksa esa egku~ gS tks oge;wjokgu e;w j gS okgu ftldk ogdeyu;u dey ds leku u;u gSa ftlds ogdudVk dVs gq, dku gS ftlds og

tyt ty esa tUeus okyk gS tks og deyokYehfd oYehd ls mRiUu gS tks ogfnxEcj fn'kk, gh gSa ftldk vEcj ,s lk ogdq'kkxzcqf) dq'k ds vxzHkkx ds leku cqf) gS ftldh ogeUn cqf) eUn gS cqf) ftldh ogftrsfUnz; thr yh gS a bfUnz;k ftlus ogpUnzeq[kh pUnzek ds leku eq[kokyh gS tks ogv"Vk/;k;h v"V v/;k;ks a dh iqLrd gS tks og


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645- f}xq lekl

i f}xq lekl esa k;% iwoZin la[;kokpd gksrk gS rks dHkh&dHkh ijin Hkh la[;kokpdns[kk tk ldrk gSA

ii f}xq lekl es a ;qDr la[;k fdlh lewg dk cks/k djkrh gS vU; vFkZ dk ugha] tSlkfd cgqcz hfg lekl es a ns[kk gSA

iii bldk foxzg djus ij ^lewg* ;k ^lekgkj* 'kCn ;qDr gks rk gSAnksjkgk nks jkgks a dk lekgkji{k}; nks i{kksa dk lewglEiknd }; nks lEikndksa dk lewgf=Hkqt rhu Hkqtkvksa dk lekgkjf=yksd ;k f=yksdh rhu yksdksa dk lekgkjf=jRu rhu jRuksa dk lewgladyu&=; rhu dk lekgkj Hkqou&=; rhu Hkqouksa dk lekgkjpkSeklk@prqekZl pkj eklks a dk lekgkjprqHkqZt pkj Hkqtkvksa dk lekgkj js[kh; vkfrprqoZ.kZ pkj o.kks dk lekgkjiapke`r ikp ve rksa dk lekgkj

iapik= ikp ik=ksa dk lekgkjiapoVh ikp oVks a dk lekgkj"kM~Hkqt "kV~ N% Hkqtkvksa dk lekgkjlIrkg lIr vgks a lkr fnuksa dk lekgkjlrlbZ lkr lkS dk lekgkj lIr'krh lIr 'krdksa dk lekgkjlIrf"kZ lkr _f"k;ksa dk lewgv"V&flf) vkB flf);ks a dk lekgkjuojRu ukS jRuks a dk lewguojk= ukS jkf=;ks a dk lekgkj

n'kd n'k dk lekgkj 'krd lkS dk lekgkj 'krkCnh 'kr lkS vCnksa o"kksZa dk lekgkj

6- deZ/kkj; lekli deZ/kkj; lekl es a ,d in fo'ks"k.k gks rk gS rks nwljk in fo'ks";Aii blesa dgha dgha mies; mieku dk lEcU/k gksrk gS rFkk foxzg djus ij ^:ih*

'kCn ;qDr gks rk gS &iq#"kkske iq#"k tks mkeuhydey uhyk tks dey


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65egkiq#"k egku~ gS tks iq#"k?ku&';ke ?ku tSlk ';ke ihrkEcj ihr gS tks vEcjegf"kZ egku~ gS tks _f"kujk/ke v/ke gS tks ujv/kejk vk/kk gS tks ejkjDrkEcj jDr ds jax dk yky tks vEcjdqefr dqfRlr tks efrdqiq= dqfRlr tks iq=nq"deZ nw f"kr gS tks deZpje&lhek pje gS tks lhekyky&fepZ yky gS tks fepZ".k&i{k ".k dkyk gS tks i{keUn&cqf) eUn tks cqf)'kqHkkxeu 'kqHk gS tks vkxeuuhyksRiy uhyk gS tks mRiyex u;u ex ds leku u;upUnz eq[k pUnz tSlk eq[k

jktf"kZ tks jktk Hkh gS vkSj _f"k Hkhujflag tks uj Hkh gS vkSj flag Hkh eq[k&pUnz eq[k :ih pUnzekopuker opu:ih ver Hko&lkxj Hko :ih lkxj pj.k&dey pj.k :ih deyks/kkfXu ks/k :ih vfXupj.kkjfoUn pj.k :ih vjfoUnfo|k&/ku fo|k:ih /ku

vH;kl 'u

1- lekl fdrus dkj ds gks rs gSa \d pkj [k N%x vkB ?k ikp

2- fuEu esa ls lekl dk dkj ugha gS&d vO;;hHkko [k cgqczhfg x }U} ?k vfodkjh

3- fuEufyf[kr es a ^vO;;hHko* lekl gS \d jktiq= [k uhydey x gkFkksa&gkFk ?k yEcksnj


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664- ^dj.k rRiq#"k* lekl dk mnkgj.k gS&

d rqylhr [k inP;qr x iapker ?k _.k&eqDr

5- ^n'kkuu* es a dkSulk lekl gS \d f}xq [k }U}x cgqczhfg ?k deZ /kkj;

6- ^dgk pys rqe jke uke dk ihrkEcj ru ij MkysA*js[kkafdr 'kCn esa dkSulk lekl gS\d cgqczhfg [k rRiq#"kx vO;;hHko ?k deZ/kkj;

7- fdl lekl esa ^fo'ks"k.k&fo'ks";* ;k mies;&mieku* dk lEcU/k gks rk gS \d deZ/kkj; lekl [k vO;;hHko lekl x rRiq#"k lekl ?k }U} lekl

8- }U} lekl fdlesa ugha gS \d /kekZ/keZ [k ?kj&?kj x #i;k&iSlk ?k nky&jksVh

9- lekl fdls dgrs gSa \10- lekl ds dkjksa dk ukeksYys[k dhft,A

11- vO;;hHkko lekl ds y{k.k crkb;sA12- fuEu lkekfld inks a dk foxzg dhft,A

f=us=] ;Fkk'kfDr] jkrksa&jkr] jkepfjr] cSyxkM+h] lqjklqj]prqHkq Zt] pikf.k] egf"kZ] HkjisV] f=yksdh] efU=ifj"kn~] ngh&cM+kA

13- fuEufyf[kr dk lekl dhft,AukSjkf=;ks a dk lewg] bPNk ds vuqlkj ] 'khr vkSj vkrigkFk ls fy[kk gqvk] eqj dk gS vfj tks ] pkj ekl dk lekgkjfo|k:ih /ku] ikp ik=ksa dk lekgkj]N% vkuu gSa ftlds og A

14- fuEu lkekfld 'kCnksa dk foxzg nks dkj ls gksdj nks fHkUu leklks a dk cks/k djkrs gSaA

foxzg dj ukeksYys[k dhft,AihrkEcj] prqHkqZt] ?ku&';ke] uhy&yksfgr]iq#"kkske] ;qf/kf"Bj] txUukFk] v"Vk/;k;hA


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67

8

milxZifjHkk"kk %

os 'kCnka'k tks fdlh ewy 'kCn ds iwoZ esa yxdj u;s 'kCn dk fuekZ.k djrs gSa vFkkZr~ u;s

vFkZ dk cks/k djkrs gSa] mUgsa milxZ dgrs gSaA ;s 'kCnka'k gksus ds dkj.k oSls budk LorU=:ils viuk dksbZ ego ugha gksrk fdUrq 'kCn ds iwoZ laf'y"V voLFkk esa yxdj ml 'kCn fo'ks"kds vFkZ es a ifjorZu yk nsrs gSaA tSls ^gkj* ,d 'kCn gS] blds lkFk 'kCnka'k ;qDr gksus ijdbZ u;s 'kCn curs gSa ;Fkk vkgkj Hkkstu] migkj HksaV gkj pksV fogkj Hkze.k] ifjgkjR;kxuk] frgkj }kjiky lagkj ekjuk] m)kj eks{k vkfnA vr% ^gkj* 'kCn ds lkFk ;qDre'k% vk] mi] ] fo] ifj] fr] le~] mr~ 'kCnka'k milxZ dh Js.kh es a vkrs gSaA

dkj % fgUnh esa milxZ rhu dkj ds gksrs gSa&i la Lr ds milxZii fgUnh ds milxZiii fons'kh milxZ

i laLr ds milxZlaLr esa milxZ dh la[;k 22 gksrh gSA ;s milxZ fgUnh esa Hkh ;qDr gksrs gSa blfy,

bUgsa la Lr ds milxZ dgrs gSaA

milxZ vFkZ milxZ;qDr 'kCn

1- vfr vf/kd@ijs vfr'k;] vfre.k] vfrof"V] vfr'kh?kzvR;Ur] vR;f/kd] vR;kpkj] vrhfUnz;vR;qfDr] vR;qke] vR;ko';d] vrho

2- vf/k /kku@Js"B vf/kdj.k] vf/kfu;e] vf/kuk;d vf/kdkj] vf/kekl] vf/kifr] vf/krv/;{k] v/kh{k.k] v/;kns'k] v/khuv/;;u] v/kh{kd] v/;kRe] v/;kid

3- vuq ihNs@leku vuqdj.k] vuqdwy] vuqpj] vuqt]vuq'kklu] vuq:i] vuqjkx] vuqe]vuqukn] vuqHko] vuq'kalk] vUo;]vUoh{k.k] vUos"k.k] vuqPNsn] vuwfnr

4- vi cqjk@foijhr vidkj] vieku] vi;'k] vi'kCnvidhfrZ] vijk/k] viO;;] vigj.k]


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68vid"kZ] vi'kdqu] vis{kk

5- vfHk ikl@lkeus vfHkuo] vfHku;] vfHkoknu] vfHkeku]vfHkHkk"k.k] vfHk;ksx] vfHkHkw r] vfHkHkkodvH;qn;] vfHk"ksd] vH;FkhZ] vHkh"VvH;Urj] vHkhIlk] vH;kl

6- vo cqjk@ghu voxq.k] voufr] vo/kkj.k] voKk]voxfr] vorkj] volj] vodk'k]voyksdu] vo'ks"k] vorj.k

7- vk rd@ls vktUe] vkgkj] vk;kr] vkri]vkthou] vkxkj] vkxe] vkeksnvk'kadk] vkj{k.k] vkej.k] vkxeuvkd"kZ.k] vkckyo)] vk?kkr

8- mr~ ij@Js"B mRiUu] mRifk] mRihM+u] mRdaBkmRd"kZ] mke] mR"V] mn;]mUur] mYys[k] m)kj] mPN~oklmTToy] mPpkj.k] mPNa[ky] mn~xe

9- mi ikl@lgk;d midkj] miou] miuke] mipkj]migkj] milxZ] mieU=h] mi;ksx]

miHkksx] miHksn] mi;qDr] miHkksxmis{kk] mikf/k] mik/;{k

10- nqj~ dfBu@cqjk@foijhr nqjk'kk] nqjkxzg] nqjkpkj] nqjoLFkk]nq#i;ksx] nqjfHklaf/k] nqxqZ.k] nqnZ'kknq?kZVuk] nqHkkZouk] nq#g

11- nql~ cqjk@foijhr@dfBu nqf'pUr] nq''kklu] nq"dj] nq"deZ]nqLlkgl] nqLlk/;]

12- fu fcuk@fo'ks"k fuMj] fuxe] fuokl] funku]fugRFk] fucU/k] funs'kd] fudj]fuokj.k] U;wu] U;k;] U;kl]

fu"ks/k] fuf"k)13- fuj~ fcuk@ckgj fujijk/k] fujkdkj] fujkgkj]

fuj{kj] fujknj] fujgadkj] fujkfe"k]futZj] fu/kZu] fu;kZr] funksZ"k]fujoyEc] uhjksx] uhjl] fujhg] fujh{k.k

14- ful~ fcuk@ckgj fu'p;] fu'Ny] fu"dke] fu"deZfu"iki] fu"Qy] fuLrst] fuLlUnsg

15- vkxs@vf/kd nku] cy] ;ksx] pkj] lkj]gkj] ;Ru] Hkatu] ikS=] kjEHk]


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69ksTToy] s r] kpk;Z] k;kstd] kFkhZ

16- ijk foijhr@ihNs@vf/kd ijkt;] ijkHko] ijkdze] ijke'kZ]ijkorZu] ijkfo|k] ijkdk"Bk

17- ifj pkjksa vksj@ikl ifjek] ifjokj] ifjiw .kZ] ifjektZu]ifjgkj] ifje.k] ifjHkze.k] ifj/kku]ifjgkl] ifjJe] ifjorZu] ijh{kk]i;kZIr] i;ZVu] ifj.kke] ifjek.k]i;kZoj.k] ifjPNsn] i;ZUr

18- fr R;sd@foijhr frfnu] R;sd] frdwy] frfgalk]fr:i] fr/ofu] frfuf/k] rh{kk]R;qkj] R;k'kk] rhfr

19- fo fo'ks"k@fHkUu fot;] foKku] fons'k] fo;ksx] fouk'k]foi{k] foy;] fogkj] fo[;kr] fo/kku]O;ogkj] O;FkZ] O;k;ke] O;atu] O;kf/k] O;lu] O;wg

20- lq vPNk@ljy lqxU/k] lqxfr] lqcks/k] lq;'k] lqeu]lqyHk] lq'khy] lqvolj] Lokxr] LoYi] lwfDr

21- le~ vPNh rjg@iw .kZ 'kq) ladYi] lap;] lUrks"k] laxBu] lapkj]layXu] la;ksx] lagkj] la'k;] laj{kk

22- vu~ ugha@cqjk vuUr] vukfn] vus d] vukgwr]vuqi;ksxh] vukxr] vfu"V] vuhgvuqi;qDr] vuqie] vuqfpr] vuU;

mi;q ZDr milxksZa ds vfrfjDr laLr ds fuEu milxZ Hkh fgUnh esa ;qDr gksrs gSa &1- vUrj~ & vUrxZr] vUrjkRek] vUr/kkZu] vUrnZ'kk

vUrjkZ"Vh;] vUrfj{k] vUrnsZ'kh;2- iquj~ & iqutZUe] iqujkxeu] iqu#n;] iqufoZokg iquewZY;kadu] iqutkZxj.k3- knqj & knqHkkZ o] knqHkwZr4- iwoZ & iw oZt] iw okZxzg] iw okZ)Z] iw okZ] iwokZuqeku

5- kd~ & kDdFku] kDdyu] kxSfrgkfld] kXns ork] k~eq[k] kDdeZ6- iqjl~ & iqjLdkj] iqj'pj.k] iqjLr7- cfgj~ & cfgjkxr] cfgtkZ r] cfgHkkZ o] cfgjax] cfgxZeu8- cfgl~ & cfg"dkj] cfg"r 9- vkRe & vkRedFkk] vkRe?kkr] vkRecy] vkRepfjr] vkReKku10- lg & lgikBh] lgdehZ] lgksnj] lg;ksxh lgkuqHkwfr] lgpj11- Lo & LorU=] Lons'k] LojkT;] Lok/khu] Lojfpr] LofufeZr] LokFkZ12- iqjk & iq jkru] iq jkro] iq jkiFk] iqjk.k] iqjko'ks"k13- Lo;a & Lo;aHkw] Lo;a oj] Lo;als od] Lo;aikf.k] Lo;afl)


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7014- vkfol~ & vkfo"dkj] vkfo"r15- vkfoj~ & vkfoHkkZ o] vkfoHkwZr16- krj~ & kr% dky] kr% oUnuk] kr% Lej.kh;17- bfr & bfrJh] bfrgkl] bR;kfn] bfrok18- vye~ & vyadj.k] vyar] vyadkj19- frjl~ & frjLdkj] frjLr 20- rr~ & rYyhu] rUe;] rf)r] rnuUrj] rRdky] rRle] rn~Hko] rnzwi21- vek & vekoL;k] vekR;22- lr~ & lRdeZ] lRdkj] ln~xfr] lTtu] lPpfj=] ln~/keZ] lnkpkj

(ii) fgUnh ds milxZ

1- vu & ugha vui


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71cgqfookg] cgqla[;d] cgwi;ksxh

19- vki & Lo;a vkidkt] vkichrh] vkidgh] vkilquh20- ukuk & fofo/k ukukdkj] ukuk:i] ukuktkfr] ukukfodkj21- d & cqjk diwr] dyad] dBksj22- le & leku lery] len'khZ] ledks.k] led{k]

ledkyhu] leprqHkqZt] lexz

iii fons'kh milxZfgUnh Hkk"kk es a vU; Hkk"kkvksa ds 'kCn Hkh ;qDr gksrs gSa Qyr% muds milxksZa dks fgUnh

esa fons'kh milxZ dh laKk nh tkrh gSA1- cs jfgr cs?kj] cs oQk] csnnZ] cs le>] cs otg] csg;k] csfglkc2- nj esa njvly] njckj] nj[kkLr] njgdhdr] njE;ku3- ck lfgr ckbTtr] ckeqyk;tk] ckvnc] ckdk;nk4- de vYi devDy] demez] detksj] de le>] dec[r5- yk ijs@fcuk ykbykt] ykokfjl] ykijokg] ykirk] yktokc6- uk ugha ukilUn] ukdke] ukckfyx] uktk;t]

ukyk;d] ukjkt] uknku7- gj R;sd gjne] gjoDr] gjjkst] gjgky gj eqdke] gj ?kM+h8- [kq'k Js"B [kq'kuqek] [kq'kgky] [kq'kcw] [kq'k[kcjh [kq'kfetkt9- cn cqjk cncw ] cnpyu] cnek'k] cnfetkt]

cnuke] cnfdLer10- lj eq[;@/kku ljiap] ljnkj] ljrkt] ljdkj11- c lfgr c[kw ch] crkSj] c'krZ] cnkSyr12- fcyk fcuk fcykdlw j] fcykotg] fcykdkuwu13- cs'k vR;f/kd cs'k dherh] cs'k dher14- usd Hkyk usdjkg] usduke] usdfny] usduh;r15- ,su Bhd ,suoDr] ,sutxg] ,su ekSds16- ge lkFk gejkt] gene] georu] gelQj] gennZ

17- vy fuf'pr vyxjt] vyfonk] vyckk] vycsrk 18- xSj jfgr fHkUu xSj gkftj] xS jenZ] xSj okftc19- gSM eq[k gSMekLVj] gSM vkWfQl] gSMckW;20- gkQ vk/kk gkQdeht] gkQfVdV] gkQisUV] gkQ'kVZ21- lc mi lc jftLVkj] lcdesVh] lc bULisDVj22- dks lfgr dks&vkijsfVo] dks&vkijs'ku] dks&,twds'ku


72/204

72vH;kl 'u

1- fuEu fyf[kr es a fdl esa ^vu~* milxZ dk ;ksx gqvk gS \d vuqpj [k vuqtx vuqi;ksx ?k vuqxkeh

2- fuEufyf[kr es a dkSu&lk 'kCn milxZ ;qDr ugha gS \d HkjisV [k frfnu x v/;{k ?k jlksbZ?kj

3- ^gkj* es a ^vk* milxZ yxus ij ^vkgkj* curk gS ftldk vFkZ gS HkkstuA ^gkj* esa

dkSulk milxZ yxk;sa fd mldk vFkZ ^NksM+uk* cu tk;sxkAd mi [k fo x fr ?k ifj

4- ^mUuhl* 'kCn esa milxZ ,oa ewy 'kCn dk iFkd~ :i gksxk&d mr~ $ uhl [k mu vkS j chlx mu~ $ chl ?k mu vkSj bZl

5- ^nq"deZ* 'kCn esa fdl milxZ dk ;ksx gqvk gS \d nq"k~ [k nql~x nq% ?k nq'k~

6- laLr esa eq[;r% milxZ ekus x;s gSad chl [k ckbZl x vkjg ?k rhl

7- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa esa milxZ ,oa ewy 'kCn dks iFkd~ dhft,&vuUr] vyadkj] kr% dky] fu'p;] m)kj] ijh{kk] ksTToy]kxSfrgkfld] Lokxr] vUoh{k.k] vuqi;ksx] uhjksx] ladYi] ukfLrd] ifjPNsnA

8- milxZ fdls dgrs gSa\ blds dkj crkb;sA9- fdUgha pkj ^fgUnh* ds milxksZ a dk mYys[k dj muds nks&nks mnkgj.k dhft,A10- fons'kh milxZ fdls dgrs gSa\ fdUgha pkj dk mYys[k dhft,A11- milxZ yxkdj R;sd ds nks&nks 'kCn cukb;s&

v] vfr] vu] v/k] mu] [kq'k] pkS] nqj~] nql~] fuj~]ijk] ifj] fr] cn] yk] le~] ge] knqj~A


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73

9

R;;

ifjHkk"kk %os 'kCnka'k tks fdlh 'kCn ds vUr es a yxdj ml 'kCn ds vFkZ esa ifjorZu dj nsrs gSa]

vFkkZ r~ u;s vFkZ dk cks/k djkrs gSa] mUgs a R;; dgrs gSaA tSls &lekt $ bd lkekftd lqxU/k $ br lqxfU/krHkwyuk $ vDdM+ HkqyDdM+ehBk $ vkl feBkl

vr% R;; yxus ij 'kCn ,oa 'kCnka'k es a lfU/k ugha gksrh cfYd 'kCn ds vfUre o.kZ esafeyus okys R;; ds Loj dh ek=k yx tk;sxh] O;atu gksus ij og ;Fkkor jgrk gS tSls

yksgk $ vkj yqgkjukVd $ dkj ukVddkj

dkj %fgUnh es a R;; eq[;r % nks dkj ds gks rs gSa&i nUr R;; ii rf)r R;;

1- nUr R;; %os R;; tks /kkrqvksa vFkkZr~ f;k in ds ewy :i ds lkFk yxdj u;s 'kCn dk fuekZ.k

djrs gS a nUr ;k r izR;; dgykrs gSaA fgUnh f;kvksa es a vfUre o.kZ ^uk* dk yksidj 'ks"k'kCn ds lkFk R;; dk ;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA nUr ;k r R;; 5 dkj ds gksrs gSa&

i dkZ okpd % os R;; tks dkkZ okpd 'kCn cukrs gSa tSls&vd ys[kd] uk;d] xk;d] ikBdvDdM+ HkqyDdM+] ?kqeDdM+] fi;DdM+] dqnDdM+

vkd rSjkd] yM+kdvkyw >xM+kywvkdw yM+kdwvkM+h f[kykM+h b;y vfM+;y] efj;y,jk yqVsjk] clsjk,s;k xoS;k]vksM+k HkxksM+k rk nkrk]


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74okyk iw yk >wyuk >kMw >kM+uku csyu csyukuh drjuh drjuk

iv Hkkookpd os R;; tks f;k ls Hkkookpd laKk dk fuekZ.k djrs gSaAv ekj] yw V] rksy] ys[kvk iwtk vkbZ yM+ kbZ] dVkbZ] p


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75i dk`Zokpd rf)r R;; & os R;; tks fdlh laKk] loZuke ;k fo'ks"k.k 'kCn

ds lkFk tqM+dj dkkZokpd 'kCn dk fuekZ.k djrs gSaA&vkj yqgkj] lqukjb;k jfl;k bZ rsyh,jk ?klsjk

ii Hkkookpd rf)r R;; &os R;; tks laKk] loZuke ;k fo'ks"k.k ds lkFk tqM+djHkkookpd laKk cukrs gSaA

vkbZ cqjkbZvkik cq


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76; nSR;] vkfnR;bZ tkudh] eSfFkyh] nzksinh] xka/kkjh

v urkokpd rf)r R;; & laKk] loZuke ;k fo'ks"k.k ds lkFk ;qDr gksdj;s muds y?kqrk lwpd 'kCnksa dk fuekZ.k djrs gSaA

b;k [kfV;k] yqfV;k] fMfc;k bZ e.Myh] Vksdjh] igkM+ h] ?k.Vhvksyk [kVksyk] laiksyk

vi L=hcks/kd rf)r R;; % os R;; tks laKk] loZuke ;k fo'ks"k.k ds lkFk yxdjmuds L=hfyax dk cks/k djkrs gSA

vk lqrk] Nk=k] vuqtkvkbu Bdqjkbu] eqaf'k;kbuvkuh nsojkuh] lsBkuh] ukSdjkuhbu ckf?ku] ekfyu uh 'ksjuh] eksjuh

mnwZ ds R;;fgUnh dh mnkjrk ds dkj.k mnwZ ds dfri; R;; fgUnh esa Hkh ;qDr gksus yxs gSaA tSls

xj tknw xj] ckthxj] dkjhxj] lkSnkxjph vQheph] rcyph] ckcjph] rksiph

ukd 'keZukd] nnZukdnkj nqdkunkj] ekynkj] fgLlsnkj] Fkkusnkjvkckn vgenkckn] bykgkckn] gSnjkcknbUnk ifjUnk] ckf'kUnk] 'kfeZUnk] pqfuUnk b'k Qjekb'k] iSnkb'k] jaft'kbLrku dfczLrku] rqfdZLrku] vQxkfuLrku[kksj gjke[kksj] ?kwl[kks j] tek[kks j] fj'or[kksjxkg bZnxkg] canjxkg] njxkg] vkjkexkgxkj ennxkj] ;knxkj] jkstxkj] xqukgxkjxhj jkgxhj] tgkxhj

xh nhokuxh] rktxh] lknxh xhjh dqyhxhjh] eqa'khxhjhuohl uD'kkuohl] vthZuohlukek vdcjukek] lqygukek] bdjkjukekcUn gfFk;kjcUn] utjcUn] eksgjcUnckt u'ksckt] pkyckt] nxkckt eUn vdyeUn] t:jrean] ,sglkueanlkt ftYnlkt] ?kM+ hlkt] tkylkt

fo'ks"k % dbZ ckj R;; yxus ij ewy'kCn ds vkfn e/; ;k vUr esa ;qDr Lojksa esa


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77ifjorZu gks tkrk gSA tSls

bd lekt&lkekftd] bfrgkl&,sfrgkfld]uhfr&uSfrd] iqjk.k&ikSjkf.kd] Hkwxksy&HkkSxksfyd] yksd&ykSfdd

; e/kqj&ek/kq;Z] fnfr&nSR;] lqUnj&lkSUn;Z]'kwj&'kkS;Z

b n'kjFk&nk'kjfFk] lqfe=k&lkSfef= ,; xaxk&xkaxs;] dqUrh&dkSUrs;vkbu Bkdqj]&Bdqjkbu] eqa'kh&eqaf'k;kbubuh gkFkh&gfFkuh ,jk pkpk&ppsjk] ywVuk&yqVsjkvkbZ lkQ&lQkbZ] ehBk&feBkbZ] cksuk&cqokbZvDdM+ Hkw yuk&HkqyDdM+] ihuk&fi;DdM+vkjh iw tuk&iqtkjh] Hkh[k&fHk[kkjhVk dkyk&dyw Vkvko [khapuk&f[kapko] ?kweuk&?kqekovkl ehBk&feBkl vkik cw


78/204

78vH;kl 'u

1- ^iq jk.k* es a ^bd* R;; yxus ij lgh 'kCn :i gksxk&d iqjkf.kd [k ikSjkf.kd x iqjk.ksd ?k iksjkf.kd

2- fdl 'kCn es a lgh R;; dk ;ksx ugha gqvk gS \d HkqyDdM+ [k Bkdqjkbux LokHkkfod ?k fHk[kkjh

3- fuEu esa ls nUr R;; ;qDr gqvk gS \

d p


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79

10

vFkZ fopkj

1- i;kZ;okph 'kCnHkk"kk esa 'kCn vk Sj vFkZ nksuks a dk viuk fof'k"V LFkku ,oa ego gSA ,d vFkZ ds |ksru

gsrq ,d 'kCn fo'ks"k gksrk gS] ijarq Hkk"kk&;ksx dh nf"V ls ml ,d gh 'kCn dk vusd ckj;ksx mfpr rhr ugha gksrkA ,slh ifjfLFkfr es a fufgrkFkZ dh vfHkO;fDr gsrq mlh ds lekuvFkZ rhfr djkus okys vU; 'kCn dk ;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA ,sls lekukFkhZ 'kCn gh i;kZ;okph'kCn dgykrs gSaA viuh Hkk"kk&'kSyh dks Hkfo".kq cukus ,oa ,d gh 'kCn dh vusd ckj vkofkdks jksdus gsrq i;kZ;okph 'kCnksa dk ;ksx fd;k tkrk gSAvfXu % vkx] vuy] ikod] ngu] of] 'kkuqAvfrfFk % vH;kxr] ikgqu] esgeku] vkxUrqdA

ve`r % lq/kk] lkse] ih;w"k] veh] vfe;] lqjHkksx] nsoHkksxAvieku % vuknj] voKk] vogsyuk] voeku] frjLdkjAvyadkj % vkHkw"k.k] Hkw"k.k] foHkw"k.k] xguk] tsojAv'o % ?kksM+ k] g;] gfj] ?kksVd] ckft] lSU/ko] rqjaxAvlqj % nuqt] nSR;] nkuo] jk{kl] repj] fu'kkpj] jtuhpjvgadkj % xoZ] niZ] naHk] ?ke.M] en] ekuAva/kdkj % re] rel] frfej] rfelz] va/ksjk] vaf/k;kjkAvkdk'k % uHk] xxu] vEcj] vUrfj{k] vuUr] O;kse] 'kwU;Avk[k % us=] u;u] p{kq] ykspu] nx] vf{kAbPNk % vkdka{kk] vfHkyk"kk] dkeuk] pkg] fyIlk] ykylkAbUnz % lqjs'k] lqjifr] nsojkt] es?kjkt] 'k] 'kphifr] nsosUnzAmiou % ckx] cxhpk] m|ku] okfVdk] xqy'kuAdp % cky] ds'k] dqUry] fpdqj] vyd] jkse] f'kjks:gAd.B % xz hok] xnZu] xyk] f'kjks/kjkAdiM+k % iV] phj] olu] vEcj] oL=] nqdwy] ifj/kkuAdcwrj % diksr] jDrykspu] ikjkor] dyjo] gkfjyAdey % tyt] iadt] ljkst] vjfoUn] jktho] 'krny] iq.Mjhd] bUnhojAdku % d.kZ] Jo.k] Jk s r] JqfriqVAdkenso % enu] eukst] vuax] dke] jfrifr] iq"i/kUok] eUeFkA


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80fdukjk % rhj] dwy] dxkj] rVAfdj.k % dj] va'kq] jf'e] ejhfp] e;w[k] HkkAdhfkZ % ;'k] flf)A[kx % i{kh] f}t] fogx] uHkpj] v.Mt] 'kdqfu] i[ks:Ax.ks'k % fouk;d] xtkuu] yEcksnj] x.kifr] ,dnUrAxq# % f'k{kd] vkpk;Z] mik/;k;Ax`g % ?kj] xsg] lnu] fudsru] Hkou] vky;] eafnjApUnzek % bUnq] lkse] 'kf'k] fo/kq] lq/kka'kq] fgeka'kqApj.k % iS j] ikn] ix] in] ikoApknuh % pfUnzdk] dkSeqnh] T;ksRLuk] pUnzejhfp] mft;kjh] pUnzHkk] tqUgkbZAtxr~ % lalkj] fo'o] tx] txrh] Hko] nqfu;k] yksd] HkqouAty % okfj] vEcq] rks;] uhj] lfyy] thou] i;AthHk % jluk] jlKk] ftg~ok] jfldk] ok.kh] okpk] tckuAT;ksfr % vkHkk] Nfo] |qfr] nhfIr] Hkk] Hkk] #fp] jks fpAr#oj % o{k] isM+] nzqe] r#] foVi] :a[k] ikniAryokj % vfl] ik.k] djoky] [kM~x] pUnzgklArkykc % tyk'k;] lj] rM+ kx] ljks oj] iq"djArhj % 'kj] ck.k] fof'k[k] f'kyheq[k] vuh] lk;dA

nf/k % ngh] xks jl] ek] rAnkr % n'ku] jnu] jn] f}t] nUr] eq[k[kqjAnkl % lsod] vuqpj] pkdj] HkR;] fdadj] ifjpkjdAfnu % fnol] okj] oklj] v] fnokAnhu % xjhc] nfjnz] jad] vfdapu] fu/kZu] dadkyAnhid % nhi] nh;k] nhiAnqxkZ % p.Mh] pkeq.Mk] dY;k.kh] dkfydk] HkokuhAnw/k % nqX/k] i;] {khj] xkSjl] LrU;Ansork % ns o] vtj] vej] lq j] focq/kAnsg % dk;k] ru] 'kjhj] oiq] xkrA

nzO; % /ku] vFkZ] fok] lEink] nkSyr] oLrq] inkFkZA/ku % nzO;] fok] vFkZ] lEifk] iw ath] jkf'k] eqnzkA/kuq"k % pki] deku] dksn.M] ljklu] fiukd] lkjaxAunh % lfjrk] rfVuh] rjafxuh] vkixk] 'kSytk] fu>Zfj.khAuko % ukSdk] rj.kh] ouokgu] ty;ku] iksr] uS;k] rjhAiRFkj % ik"kk.k] Lrj] miy] ikgu] f'kyk[k.MAikk % ny] iYyo] i.kZ] nz qeny] fdly;] iku] i=Aifr % dka r] bZ'k] Lokeh] Hkjrkj] oYyHk] k.ks'k] ukFkAiFk % ckV] ekxZ] jkg] iaFk] jkLrk] exA


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fctyh % fo|qr] piyk] papyk] rfMr] lkSnkfeuh] nkfeuhAcqf) % /kh] es/kk] efr] Kk] euh"kkAHkkbZ % cU/kq] lgksnj] Hkz krk] HkS;k] rkr] lxHkkZ] ltkrkAHkkSajk % Hkzej] e/kqdj] e/kqi] vfy] "kV~in] HkaxAeD[ku % uouhr] ek[ku] nf/klkj] ykSuhAeuq"; % uj] ekuo] tu] euqt] ekuq"k] eR;Z] vknehAegknso % f'ko] 'kaHkq] 'kadj] i'kqifr] f=us=] gj] uhydaBAekrk % ek]

hindi vyakaran by anwar parvez

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