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TRANSCRIPT
1. NUMBER
The morphological category that expresses contrast involving countable quantities
Distinction between the singular (one) and the plural (more than one)
In others languages
In Nancowry (spoken in India’s Nicobarese Island ) : number is not market on nouns at all
example: sa’k no’t ’in ci’ej
”We spared the pig(s)
In Inuktitut: there are 3-way contrast involving singular, dual( 2 and only 2), plural ( more than two ):
Ex: iglu ’a house’
igluk ’two houses’
iglut ’three or more house’
2. NOUN CLASS
Some languages divide nouns into classes based on shared semantic and/or phonological
Gender Classification:
- In French , Italian, and Spanish : nouns
are either masculine or feminine.
-Some languages have extremely elaborate system of classification,- For instance:Noun classification in Swati
Prefix Example English Description
um(u) Um-fana boy persons
li Li-dvolo knee Body parts, fruit
S(i) Si-tja plate instrusments
Bu Bu-bi evil Abstract properties
Pha Pha-ndle outside location
Gender Ending
The form of the determiner varies depending on the class of noun
-Spanish use the definite ’el’ for
masculine nouns, ’la’ for for feminine
ones.
-French use ‘le’ for the masculine subclass, ‘la’ for the feminine subclass
Example:Russian gender ending
Noun English Ending Class
Dom
ulica
House
street
Q
-a
masculine
feminine
In English: there are no gender market at all noun
Nonetheless , the different pronouns( masculine he, feminine she , neuter it) that agree with them tell us that nouns English are divide into 3 gender
3. CASE: a category that encodes information about the syntactic role( subject, direct object, and so on) of a noun.
In many languages, the distinction are marked by inflectional affixes
- Case Form
nominative ev
Accusative ev-I
Dative ev-v
Genitive ev-in
Locative ev-de
Ablative ev-den
Turkish Case:
Some languagues make use of case to encode grammatical contrast:
- In Australian languages Yidin: the case making pattern group together:-
• The subject• Called:the
ergativeIntransitive
verb
• The director object
• Called: the Absolutive
Transitive verb
a)The man is cutting the tree.
subject
Verb phrase
Noun phraseDjugitree
VerbGundal
Is cutting
Noun phrase
Wagudja-nguMan