his to genesis of ovarian malignant mixed me so dermal tumours

4
doi:10.1136/jcp.43.4.287 1990;43;287-290 J. Clin. Pathol. T J Clarke mesodermal tumours. Histogenesis of ovarian malignant mixed  http://jcp.bmj.com/cgi/content/abstract/43/4/287 Updated information and services can be found at: These include: Rapid responses  http://jcp.bmj.com/cgi/eletter-submit/43/4/287 You can respond to this article at: service Email alerting the top right corner of the article Receive free email alerts when new articles cite this article - sign up in the box at  Notes http://journals.bmj.com/cgi/reprintform To order reprints of this article go to: http://journals.bmj.com/subscriptions/ go to: Journal of Clinical Pathology To subscribe to on 29 December 2008  jcp.bmj.com Downloaded from 

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Page 1: His to Genesis of Ovarian Malignant Mixed Me So Dermal Tumours

8/6/2019 His to Genesis of Ovarian Malignant Mixed Me So Dermal Tumours

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doi:10.1136/jcp.43.4.287

1990;43;287-290J. Clin. Pathol.T J Clarkemesodermal tumours.Histogenesis of ovarian malignant mixed

 http://jcp.bmj.com/cgi/content/abstract/43/4/287

Updated information and services can be found at:

These include: 

Rapid responses http://jcp.bmj.com/cgi/eletter-submit/43/4/287

You can respond to this article at:

service

Email alerting

the top right corner of the article

Receive free email alerts when new articles cite this article - sign up in the box at

 Notes

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go to:Journal of Clinical Pathology To subscribe to

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J C l i n P a t h o l 1 9 9 0 ; 4 3 : 2 8 7 - 2 9 0

H i s t o g e n e s i s o f o v a r i a n m a l i g n a n t m i x e d

m e s o d e r m a l tumours

T J C l a r k e

A b s t r a c t

The h i s t o g e n e s i s o f o v a r i a n m a l i g n a n t

mixed mesodermal t u m o u r s , w h i c h

i n c l u d e s t h e c o n c e p t o f m e t a p l a s t i c c a r -

c i n o m a , i s c o n t r o v e r s i a l . Four s u c h

tumours were examined f o r e v i d e n c e o f

m e t a p l a s t i c t r a n s i t i o n from carcinoma t o

sarcoma u s i n g morphology a n d r e t i c u l i n

s t a i n s . C o n s e c u t i v e s e c t i o n s were s t a i n e d

i m m u n o h i s t o c h e m i c a l l y u s i n g c y t o -

k e r a t i n and v i m e n t i n t o d e t e r m i n e

w h e t h e r c e l l s a t t h e i n t e r f a c e b e t w e e nc a r c i n o m a and sarcoma e x p r e s s e d b o t h

c y t o k e r a t i n a nd v i m e n t i n . T h e r e was no

e v i d e n c e o f m o r p h o l o g i c a l , a r c h i t e c t u r a l ,

o r i m m u n o h i s t o c h e m i c a l t r a n s i t i o n s

from carcinoma t o sarcoma i n t h e f o u r

tumours s t u d i e d . T h i s s u g g e s t s t h a t

o v a r i a n m a l i g n a n t mixed mesodermaltumours a r e n o t m e t a p l a s t i c c a r c i n o m a s

b u t a r e composed o f h i s t o g e n e t i c a l l y d i f -f e r e n t e l e m e n t s .

Department o fH i s t o p a t h o l o g y ,D e r r i f o r d H o s p i t a l ,PlymouthT J C l a r k e

C o r r e s p o n d e n c e t o :Dr T J C l a r k e , A r e a

D e p a r t m e n t o f P a t h o l o g y ,R o y a l Devon a n d E x e t e r

H o s p i t a l , E x e t e r EX 2 5DY

A c c e p t e d f o r p u b l i c a t i o n1 9 O c t o b e r 1 9 8 9

O v a r i a n m a l i g n a n t m i x e d m e s o d e r m a l tumours

a re rare n e o p l a s m s t h a t a r i s e t y p i c a l l y i nn u l l i p a r o u s , p o s t m e n o p a u s a l women.1

R e c e n t l y t h e y h a v e b e e n r e f e r r e d t o as "mixed

M u l l e r i a n tumours o f h i g h g r a d e m a l i g n a n c y "

or as " c a r c i n o s a r c o m a s " . The p r o g n o s i s i s

b l e a k a n d most p a t i e n t s d i e w i t h i n 1 2 months o f

p r e s e n t a t i o n . 2 3 5 T h e o r i e s c o n c e r n i n g t h e h i s -t o g e n e s i s o f m a l i g n a n t m i x e d m e s o d e r m a l

tumours o f t h e f e m a l e g e n i t a l t r a c t h a v e b e e n

d e s c r i b e d as " a matter o f a r t r a t h e r t h a n o f

s c i e n c e " . 6 The same t h e o r e t i c a l p r o b l e m s c o n-

c e r n i n g h i s t o g e n e s i s are e n c o u n t e r e d w i t h

" c a r c i n o s a r c o m a s " a t o t h e r s i t e s s u c h as

b r e a s t , ' l u n g , 8 9 c o l o n , ' 0 a n d u r i n a r y b l a d d e r . " 1 2

I t h a s b e e n s u g g e s t e d t h a t o v a r i a n m a l i g n a n tmixed m e s o d e r m a l tumours are " m e t a p l a s t i c

c a r c i n o m a s " i n w h i c h t h e sarcomatous com-

ponent ( h o m o l o g o u s a n d h e t e r o l o g o u s ) a r i s e sd i r e c t l y f r o m t h e c a r c i n o m a t o u s c o m p o n e n t

( u s u a l l y g l a n d u l a r i n t y p e ) . The concept o f

m e t a p l a s t i c c a r c i n o m a s d i f f e r s f r o m t h a t o f

c a r c i n o s a r c o m a s , w h i c h a re r e g a r d e d a s

h e t e r o g e n e o u s tumours o f c o m b i n a t i o n , com-

p o s i t i o n , or c o l l i s i o n i n t y p e . ' 3 T h i s s t u d y was

u n d e r t a k e n t o i n v e s t i g a t e w h e t h e r t h e r e were

m o r p h o l o g i c a l , c y t o a r c h i t e c t u r a l , a n d

i m m u n o h i s t o c h e m i c c a l t r a n s i t i o n s f r o m c a r-

c i n o m a t o sarcoma i n o v a r i a n m a l i g n a n t mixed

m e s o d e r m a l tumours.

MethodsS e c t i o n s o f f o r m a l i n f i x e d , p a r a f f i n wax

2 8 7

e m b e d d e d t u m o u r t i s s u e w e r e c u t a t 4 i m a n d

s t a i n e d w i t h h a e m a t o x y l i n a n d e o s i n , p e r i o d i ca c i d S c h i f f ( P A S ) b e f o r e a n d a f t e r d i a s t a s et r e a t m e n t , C a l d w e l l a n d R a n n i e ' s r e t i c u l i n

s t a i n , a n d p h o s p h o t u n g s t i c a c i d h a e m a t o x y l i n

( P T A H ) . S e q u e n t i a l s e c t i o n s were s t a i n e d b y

t h e i n d i r e c t i m m u n o p e r o x i d a s e t e c h n i q u e

u s i n g m o n o c l o n a l a n t i b o d i e s d i r e c t e d a g a i n s tc y t o k e r a t i n (PKK1 w h i c h r e a c t s w i t h l o w

m o l e c u l a r w e i g h t c y t o k e r a t i n s o f 4 4 , 4 6 , 5 2 a n d

5 4 k i l o d a l t o n s ) , v i m e n t i n , a - l - a n t i t r y p s i n a n d

m y o g l o b i n . A p p r o p r i a t e p o s i t i v e a n d n e g a t i v ec o n t r o l s , w i t h o m i s s i o n o f s p e c i f i c a n t i s e r a i n

t h e l a t t e r , w e r e p e r f o r m e d . H a e m a t o x y l i n a n d

e o s i n s t a i n e d s e c t i o n s were e x a m i n e d f o r

s e c o n d a r y f l u o r e s c e n c e u s i n g a L e i t z D i a l u x

2 0 E S m i c r o s c o p e a n d m e r c u r y v a p o u r l i g h ts o u r c e e p i f l u o r e s c e n c e .

F o u r p a t i e n t s , a g e d 6 8 , 7 1 , 7 2 a n d 7 3 p r e s e n -

t e d w i t h a b d o m i n a l d i s t e n s i o n a n d d i s c o m f o r t

a n d w e r e f o u n d t o h a v e a n o v a r i a n m a l i g n a n t

m i x e d m e s o d e r m a l tumour o f a t l e a s t FIGOs t a g e I I I . ' " T h r e e o f t h e w o m e n were

n u l l i p a r o u s a n d t h e p a r i t y o f t h e f o u r t h was n o t

k n o w n . T h r e e d i e d w i t h i n o n e y e a r o f o p e r a -

t i o n a n d o n e was a l i v e a n d f r e e f r o m d i s e a s en i n e y e a r s a f t e r s u r g e r y . None o f t h e p a t i e n t sr e c e i v e d r a d i o t h e r a p y o r c h e m o t h e r a p y a f t e r

s u r g e r y . N e c r o p s y was p e r f o r m e d i n on e

p a t i e n t who d i e d e i g h t d a y s a f t e r o p e r a t i o n .T h i s c a s e h a s b e e n r e p o r t e d p r e v i o u s l y . ' "

H i s t o p a t h o l o g y

The t u m o u r s w e r e a l l l a r g e a t i n i t i a l p r e s e n t a -

t i o n , r a n g i n g f r o m 1 5 t o 2 2 c m i n maximum

d i a m e t e r . T h r e e w e r e t y p i c a l , s o l i d , a n d c y s t i co v a r i a n m a l i g n a n t m i x e d m e s o d e r m a l t u m o u r s

c o m p o s e d o f a h a p h a z a r d m i x t u r e o f a d e n o c a r -

c i n o m a a n d u n d i f f e r e n t i a t e d s a r c o m a ( f i g 1 ) ,w i t h h e t e r o l o g o u s e l e m e n t s o f r h a b d o m y o s a r -

coma i n o n e a n d c h r o n d o s a r c o m a i n a n o t h e r .

The t u m o u r i n t h e f o u r t h c a s e w a s a u n i l o c u l a rs e r o u s c y s t a d e n o c a r c i n o m a c o n t a i n i n g s e v e r a ld i s c r e t e i n t r a m ur a l s a r c o m a t o u s n o d u l e s u p t o2 - 5 c m i n d i a m e t e r a n d a 5 5 c m i n d i a m e t e r

f i b r o m a . A t n e c r o p s y a s e pa r a t e m e t a s t a t i c

s p r e a d o f c a r c i n o m a a n d s a r c o m a w a s f o u n d ;

p a r a - a o r t i c l y m p h n o d e s c o n t a i n e d m e t a s t a t i c

s q u a m o u s c e l l c a r c i n o m a a n d t h e l i v e r c o n -

t a i n e d d e p o s i t s o f s a r c o m a i n c l u d i n g r h a b -

d o m y o s a r c o m a . T h e r e w a s n o e v i d e n c e o f

e n d o m e t r i o s i s o r t e r a t o m a t o u s d i f f e r e n t i a t i o n

i n a n y o f t h e f o u r t u m o u r s .M u l t i p l e s e c t i o n s o f e a c h t u m o u r w e r e

e x a m i n e d f o r e v i d e n c e o f m o r p h o l o g i c a l t r a n s i -t i o n b e t w e e n c a r c i n o m a a n d s a r c o m a a n d n o n e

w a s f o u n d . R e t i c u l i n s t a i n s s h o w e d a c r i s p

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2 8 8

_i4

F i g u r e I O v a r i a n m a l i g n a n t m i x e d m e s o d e r m a l t u m o u rc o m p o s e d o f a d e n o c a r c i n o m a a n d s a r c o m a .

( H a e m a t o x y l i n a n d e o s i n . )

d e m a r c a t i o n i n c y t o a r c h i t e c t u r e b e t w e e n t h e

p e r i g l a n d u l a r p a t t e r n o f a d e n o c a r c i n o m a a n d

t h e p e r i c e l l u l a r p a t t e r n o f s a r c o m a w h i c h w a s

i n v a r i a b l e i n e a c h t u m o u r ( f i g 2 ) . I m m u n o h i s -t o c h e m i c a l t e c h n i q u e s s h o w e d c a r c i n o m a t o u s

e l e m e n t s p o s i t i v e f o r c y t o k e r a t i n s e t i n u n d i f -

f e r e n t i a t e d s a r c o m a p o s i t i v e f o r v i m e n t i n ( f i g3 ) . The i n t r a m u r a l s a r c o m a t o u s n o d ul e s i n t h e

s e r o u s c y s t a d e n o c a r c i n o m a w e r e v i m e n t i n

p o s i t i v e a n d e n t i r e l y s e p a r a t e f r o m t h e c y t o -k e r a t i n p o s i t i v e , m a l i g n a n t e p i t h e l i a l l i n i n g .¢Cj>r4̂+ * sx

~N_

0 %.. , t ¶

f ;a~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A

40 J ~ ~ ~ ~

F i gu r e 2 C o n t ra s t i n r e t z c u l i n p a t t e r n s b e t w e e na d e n o c a r c i n o m a a n d s a r c o m a . ( R a n n i e ' s r e t i c u l i n . )

C o e x p r e s s i o n o f c y t o k e r a t i n a n d v i m e n t i n

w i t h i n t h e s a m e c e l l , d e t e r m i n e d b y s t a i n i n gs e r i a l s e c t i o n s a l t e r n a t e l y , w a s n o t f o u n d i n a n yo f t h e f o u r t u m o u r s .

The r h a b d o m y o b l a s t s i n o n e p r i m a r y

t u m o u r ( f i g 4 ) a n d i n t h e h e p a t i c m e t a s t a s e s o f

a n o t h e r d i d n o t s h o w c r o s s - s t r i a t i o n s w i t h

PTAH b u t t h e y d i d c o n t a i n m y o g l o b i n . I n t w o

c a s e s PAS p o s i t i v e , d i a s t a s e r e s i s t a n t e o s i n o -

p h i l i c h y a l i n e d r o p l e t s o f v a r y i n g s i z e ( 5 - 5 0 p mi n d i a m e t e r ) w e r e f o u n d m a i n l y i n t h e s p i n d l e

tt~ & . ,X }r..*...

K r - ' % *. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

WE~~~~~~~~~~~

- 8

4 4 2 9 1 * v > ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ .

W

N ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

90 SV

ei

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F i g u r e 3 C o n s e c u t i v e s e c t i o n s s t a i n e d w i t h a n t i - c y t o k e r a t i n ( 3 a ) a n d a n t i - v i m e n t i n ( 3 b ) . ( I n d i r e c ti m m u n o p e r o x i d a s e . )

C l a r k e

4 ' i '

. 3 . . Q

I'd

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H i s t o g e n e s i s o f o v a r i a n m a l i g n a n t m i x e d m e s o d e r m a l t u m o u r s

F i g u r e 4

R h a b d o m y o b l a s t s s t a i n e dw i t h a n t i - m y o g l o b i n( I n d i r e c ti m m u n o p e r o x i d a s e . )

c e l l sarcomatous component. They s t a i n e d

d e e p b l u e w i t h PTAH b u t d i d n o t s h o w

s e c o n d a r y f l u o r e s c e n c e i n s e c t i o n s s t a i n e d w i t h

h a e m a t o x y l i n a n d e o s i n or c o n t a i n a c - l -

a n t i t r y p s i n .

D i s c u s s i o n

T h r e e tumours c o r r e s p o n d e d w i t h t h e t y p i c a l

d e s c r i p t i o n s o f o v a r i a n m a l i g n a n t m i x e dm e s o d e r m a l tumours, b e i n g c o m p o s e d o f a

d i s o r g a n i s e d m i x t u r e o f c a r c i n o m a a n d sar-

coma w i t h a p r e d o m i n a n c e o f a d e n o c a r c i n o m a

o f serous t y p e . 2 I n on e case, h o w e v e r , t h e

tumour was a " f o r m e f r u s t e " o v a r i a n m a l i g -

n a nt m i x e d m e s o d e r m a l tumour f r o m w h i c h

t h e s e p a r a t e m e t a s t a t i c s p r e a d o f c a r c i n o m a a n d

s ar co m a n e v e r t h e l e s s f u l f i l l e d t h e necessary

d i a g n o s t i c c r i t e r i o n . The p r e s e n c e o f r h a b -

d o m y o s a r c o m a i n m e t a s t a s e s a l o n e h a s b e e n

n o t e d b e f o r e . 2 O v a r i a n e n d o m e t r i o s i s h a s

o c c a s i o n a l l y b e e n d e s c r i b e d i n a s s o c i a t i o n w i t h

o v a r i a n m a l i g n a n t m i x e d m e s o d e r m a l

t u m o u r s , ' ' ` 2 0 b u t none was f o u n d i n t h i ss e r i e s . The e o s i n o p h i l i c h y a l i n e d r o p l e t s weret i n c t o r i a l l y s i m i l a r t o t h o s e i n p r e v i o u s

r e p o r t s 2 ' 2 - b u t d i d n ot s h o w s e c o n d a r y f l u o r e s -23 21-23

c e n c e or c o n t a i n c - l - a n t i t r y p s i n .I t h a s b e e n s u g g e s t e d t h a t o v a r i a n m a l i g n a n t

m i x e d m e s o d e r m a l tumours a re m e t a p l a s t i c

c a r c i n o m a s , a n d m o r p h o l o g i c a l t r a n s i t i o n s

h a v e b e e n d e s c r i b e d . 1 2 The i n t r a p e r i t o n e a l and

l y m p h a t i c s p r e a d o f o v a r i a n m a l i g n a n t mixed

m e s o d e r m a l tumours i s c o n s i s t e n t w i t h t h i s

mode o f s p r e a d o f a c a r c i n o ma , 2 4 b u t t h e

metastases are f r e q u e n t l y sarcomatous.2

Masuda grew a c a r c i n o m a c e l l l i n e d e r i v e d

f r o m a n o v a r i a n m a l i g n a n t mixed mesodermaltumour i n l o w c e l l d e n s i t y t i s s u e c u l t u r e a n d

f o u n d t h a t t h e r e was a - l o s s o f e p i t h e l i a l c h a r a c -

t e r i s t i c s . 2 5 T h i s phenomenon h a s been d e s -

c r i b e d , h o w e v e r , i n t i s s u e c ul t ur e u s i n g other

e p i t h e l i a l c e l l l i n e s . 2 6 I t i s d u e t o d e c r e a s e d c e l lt o c e l l c o n t a c t 2 7 a n d i s , t h e r e f o r e , n o t p r o o f o f

m e t a p l a s i a . When e x a m i n e d b y e l e c t r o nm i c r o s c o p y , t w o o v a r i a n m a l i g n a n t m i x e d

m e s o d e r m a l t u m o u r s s h o w e d n o e v i d e n c e o f

t r a n s i t i o n a l c e l l f o r m s o r d i s c o n t i n u i t y i n t h eb a s a l l a m i n a s e p a r a t i n g c a r c i n o m a f r o m s a r -c o m a . " 8 E l e c t r o n m i c r o s c o p y w a s n o t u s e d i nt h i s s e r i e s b u t t h e d i f f e r e n c e i n r e t i c u l i n p a t -

t e r n s b e t w e e n t h e t w o c o m p o n e n t s s u p p o r t s

t h e p r e v i o u s l y r e p o r t e d u l t r a s t r u c t u r a l f i n d -i n g s . The b i p h a s i c p a t t e r n o f c y t o k e r a t i n a n d

v i m e n t i n e x p r e s s i o n h a s b e e n d e s c r i b e d

b e f o r e 2 9 b u t i m m u n o h i s t o c h e m i c a l t r a n s i t i o n sb e t w e e n t h e t w o e l e m e n t s w e r e n o t i n v e s -t i g a t e d .The l i g h t , e l e c t r o n m i c r o s c o p i c , a n d

i m m u n o h i s t o c h e m i c a l f i n d i n g s s u g g e s t t h a to v a r i a n m a l i g n a n t m i x e d m e s o d e r m a l t u m o u r s

a r e n o t m e t a p l a s t i c c a r c i n o m a s - t h a t i s ,t u m o u r s i n w h i c h t h e s a r c o m a t o u s c o m p o n e n t

d e r i v e s f r o m t h e c a r c i n o m a t o u s . M e y e r c l a s -s i f i e d c a r c i n o s a r c o m a s i n t o c o l l i s i o n , c o m b i n a -

t i o n , a n d c o m p o s i t i o n t y p e s . " 3 T h e r e i s n o

e v i d e n c e t o s u g g e s t t h a t o v a r i a n m a l i g n a n t

m i x e d m e s o d e r m a l t u m o u r s a r e c o l l i s i o nt u m o u r s f o r m e d f o l l o w i n g c o a l e s c e n c e o f t w o

s e p a r a t e t u m o u r s ; m o r e o v e r , o v a r i a n c a r c i n -o m a s a r e common a n d s a r c o m a s a r e r a r e . " 6 I n ac o m b i n a t i o n t u m o u r t h e c a r c i n o s a r c o m a i st h o u g h t t o a r i s e f r o m a p r e c u r s o r s t e m c e l l( A h n z e l l e ) w h i c h d i f f e r e n t i a t e s a l o n g t w o

d i v e r g e n t p a t h w a y s . T h e r e i s e v i d e n c e f r o m

t i s s u e c u l t u r e e x p e r i m e n t s u s i n g c e l l s f r o m

m a l i g n a n t m i x e d m e s o d e r m a l t u m o u r s t o s u p -

p o r t " ' a n d r e f u t e 3 ' t h i s ; b u t , a g a i n , e x t r a p o l a -t i o n f r o m t i s s u e c u l t u r e w o r k i s

f r a u g h tw i t h

d i f f i c u l t i e s . I n a c o m p o s i t i o n tumour t h e r e i s

s y n c h r o n o u s m a l i g n a n t c h a n g e i n a d j a c e n t

e p i t h e l i u m a n d s t r o m a . T h i s c h a n g e w a s

e v i d e n t i n t h e f o r m e f r u s t e o v a r i a n m a l i g n a n t

m i x e d m e s o d e r m a l t u m o u r i n t h i s s e r i e s . Theo t h e r t h r e e t u m o u r s ma y h a v e b e e n e i t h e r o f

c o m b i n a t i o n o r c o m p o s i t i o n i n t y p e .I n c o n c l u s i o n , e x a m i n a t i o n o f t h e g e n e r a l

m o r p h o l o g y , c y t o a r c h i t e c t u r e , a n d immuno-

h i s t o c h e m i s t r y o f f o u r o v a r i a n m a l i g n a n t

m i x e d m e s o d e r m a l t u m o u r s p r o d u c e d n o

e v i d e n c e t o s u g g e s t t h a t s u c h n e o p l a s m s a r e

m e t a p l a s t i c c a r c i n o m a s , a n d i t i s s u g g e s t e d t h a tc a r c i n o s a r c o m a s a t o t h e r

s i t e sb e r e e x a m i n e d

i nt h e m a n n e r d e s c r i b e d i n t h i s s t u d y .

T h i s p a p e r i s b a s e d o n w o r k p r e s e n t e d a t t h e A s s o c i a t i o n o fC l i n i c a l P a t h o l o g i s t s ' J u n i o r Members R e s e a r c h Award i nLondon o n O c t o b e r 1 4 , 1 9 8 8 .

I t h a n k Mr s C a r o l S t o d d a r d f o r t e c h n i c a l a s s i s t a n c e . Mrs GM a r s h a l l f o r t y p i n g t h e m a n u s c r i p t , a n d P r o f e s s o r P P A n t h o n yf o r c o n s t r u c t i v e c r i t i c i s m .

1 D e h n e r L P , N o r r i s H J , T a y l o r HB. C a r c i n o s a r c o m a s a n dm i x e d m e s o d e r m a l t u m o r s o f t h e o v a r y . C a n c e r1 9 7 1 ; 2 7 : 2 0 7 - 1 6 .

2 F e n n ME, A b e l l MR. C a r c i n o s a r c o m a o f t h e o v a r y . Am JO b s t e t G y n e c o l 1 9 7 1 ; 1 1 0 : 1 0 6 6 - 7 4 .

3 D i c t o r M. M a l i g n a n t m i x e d m e s o d e r m a l t u m o r o f t h e o v a r y :

a r e p o r t o f 2 2 c a s e s . O b s t e t G y n c e o l 1 9 8 5 ; 6 5 : 7 2 0 - 4 .4 B a r w i c k K W, L i V o l s i VA. M a l i g n a n t m i x e d m e s o d e r m a lt u m o r s o f t h e o v a r y : a c l i n i c o - p a t h o l o g i c a s s e s s m e n t o f 1 2c a s e s . Am J S u r g P a t h o l 1 9 8 0 ; 4 : 3 7 - 4 2 .

5 H a n j a n i P , P e t e r s e n R O , L i p t o n S E , N o l t e - S A . M a l i g n a n tm i x e d m e s o d e r m a l t u m o r s a n d c a r c i n o s a r c o m a o f t h eo v a r y : r e p o r t o f e i g h t c a s e s a n d r e v i e w o f t h e l i t e r a t u r e .O b s t e t G y n e c o l S u r v 1 9 8 3 ; 3 8 : 5 3 7 - 4 5 .

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C l a r k e

6 M a r s h a l l R J . M i x e d M u l l e r i a n tumours o f t h e g y n -

a e c o l o g i c a l system o t h e r t h a n e n d o m e t r i a l tumours. I n :W i l l i a m s C J , K i r k o r i a n J G , G r e e n MR, R a g h a v a n D , e d s .T e x t b o o k o f uncommon cancer. C h i c h e s t e r : J W i l e y ,1 9 8 8 : 6 5 - 7 5 .

7 O b e r m a n HA. M e t a p l a s t i c c a r c i n o m a o f t h e b r e a s t : a

c l i n i c o p a t h o l o g i c s t u d y o f 2 9 p a t i e n t s . Am J S u r g P a t h o l1 9 8 7 ; 1 1 : 9 1 8 - 2 9 .

8 H u s z a r M, H e r c z e g E , L i e b e r m a n Y , G e i g e r B . D i s t i n c t i v ei m m u n o f l u o r e s c e n n t l a b e l l i n g o f e p i t h e l i a l a n d m e s e n -

c h y m a l e l e m e n t s o f c a r c i n o s a r c o m a w i t h a n t i b o d i e ss p e c i f i c f o r d i f f e r e n t i n t e r m e d i a t e f i l a m e n t s . H um P a t h o l1 9 8 4 ; 1 5 : 5 3 2 - 8 .

9 A d d i s B J , C o r r i n B . P u l m o n a r y b l a s t o m a , c a r c i n o s a r c o m aa n d s p i n d l e - c e l l c a r c i n o m a : a n i m m u n o h i s t o c h e m i c a ls t u d y o f k e r a t i n i n t e r m e d i a t e f i l a m e n t s . J P a t h o l1 9 8 5 ; 1 4 7 : 2 9 1 - 3 0 1 .

1 0 W e i d n e r N , Z e k a n P . C a r c i n o s a r c o m a o f t h e c o l o n : r e p o r t o fa u n i q u e case w i t h l i g h t a n d i m m u n o h i s t o c h e m i c a ls t u d i e s . C a n c e r 1 9 8 6 ; 5 8 : 1 1 2 6 - 3 0 .

1 1 Y o u n g RH . C a r c i n o s a r c o m a o f t h e u r i n a r y b l a d d e r . C a n c e r1 9 8 7 ; 5 9 : 1 3 3 3 - 8 .

1 2 F r o m o w i t z F B , B a r d RH , K o s s LG. Th e e p i t h e l i a l o r i g i n o fa m a l i g n a n t m e s o d e r m a l m i x e d tumor o f t h e b l a d d e r :report o f a case w i t h l o n g - t e r m s u r v i v a l . J U r o l1 9 8 4 ; 1 3 2 : 9 7 8 - 8 1 .

1 3 M e y e r R . B e i t r a g zu r v e r s t a n d i g u n g u b e r d i e n a m e n g e b u n gi n d e r g e s c h w u l s t l e h r e . Z e n t r a l b l a t t f u r A l l g e m e in e P a t h -o l o g i e u n d P a t h o l o g i s c h e A n a t o m i e ( J e n a ) 1 9 1 9 ; 3 0 : 2 9 1 - 6 .

1 4 I n t e m a t i o n a l F e d e r a t i o n o f G y n a e c o l o g y a n d O b s t e t r i c s .C l a s s i f i c a t i o n a n d s t a g i n g o f m a l i g n a n t tumors o f t h ef e m a l e p e l v i s . A c t a O b s t e t G y n a e c o l S c a n d 1 9 7 1 ; 5 0 : 1 - 7 .

1 5 C l a r k e T J. S a r c o m a - l i k e m u r a l n o d u l e s i n c y s t i c serous

ovarian tumours. J C l i n P a t h o l 1 9 8 7 ; 4 0 : 1 4 4 3 - 4

1 6 A z o ur y R S , W o o d r u f f J D . P r i m a r y o v a r i a n sarcomas: r e p o r to f 4 3 cases f r o m t h e E m i l N o v a k O v a r i a n TumourR e g i s t r y . O b s t e t G y n e c o l 1 9 7 1 ; 3 7 : 9 2 0 - 4 1 .

1 7 C o o p e r P . M i x e d m e s o d e r m a l tumor a n d c l e a r c e l l c a r c i n -oma a r i s i n g on o v a r i a n e n d o m e t r i o s i s . C a n c e r1 9 7 8 ; 4 2 : 2 8 2 7 - 3 1.

1 8 S a u n d e r s P , P r i c e A B . M i x e d m e s o d e r m a l tumour o f t h eovary a r i s i n g i n p e l v i c e n d o m e t r i o s i s . J R o y S o c Med1 9 7 0 ; 6 3 : 1 0 5 0 - 1 .

1 9 M a r c h e v s k y AM , K a n e k o M. B i l a t e r a l o v a r i a n

e n d o m e t r i o s i s a s s o c i a t e d w i t h c a r c i n o s a r c o m a o f t h e r i g h to v a r y a n d e n d o m e t r i o i d c a r c i n o m a o f t h e l e f t o v a r y . Am JC l i n P a t h o l 1 9 7 8 ; 7 0 : 7 0 9 - 1 2 .

2 0 R i c c i M , S a n t i n i G , M a z z o l e n i G , G e l l i M C , B a z z o c c h i F .M a l i g n a n t m i x e d m e s o d e r m a l tumours o f t h e o v a r y : a

c l i n i c o - p a t h o l o g i c a l s t u d y o f f o u r new c a s e s . A r c h A n a tC y t o l P a t h o l 1 9 8 7 ; 3 5 : 4 1 - 3 .

2 1 D i c t o r M. O v a r i a n m a l i g n a n t m i x e d m e s o d e r m a l tumor: t h eoccurrence o f h y a l i n e d r o p l e t s c o n t a i n i n g s , - a n t i t r y p s i n .H um P a t h o l 1 9 8 2 ; 1 3 : 9 3 0 - 3 .

2 2 D i c t o r M. A l p h a - l - a n t i t r y p s i n i n a m a l i g n a n t m i x e dm e s o d e r m a l tumor o f t h e o v a r y . Am J S u r g P a t h o l1 9 8 1 ; 5 : 5 4 3 - 5 0 .

2 3 D e r v a n P A . A l p h a - l - a n t i t r y p s i n h a e m a t o x y l i n a n d e o s i nf l u o r e s c e n c e : a r a p i d , u s e f u l s c r e e n i n g t e c h n i c . Am J C l i nP a t h o l 1 9 8 4 ; 8 2 : 1 8 8 - 9 0 .

2 4 C z e m o b i l s k y B , L a B a r r e GC . C a rc i n os a r co m a s a n d m i x e dm e s o d e r m a l tumor o f t h e o v a r y : a c l i n i c o p a t h o l o g i ca n a l y s i s o f 9 c a s e s . O b s t e t G y n e c o l 1 9 6 8 ; 3 1 : 2 1 - 3 2 .

2 5 M a s u d a A , T a k e d a A , F u k k a m i H , Yamada C , M a t s u y a m aM. C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f c e l l l i n e s e s t a b l i s h e d f r o m a m i x e dm a s o d e r m a l tumor o f t h e human o v a r y . C a n c e r1 9 8 7 ; 6 0 : 2 6 9 6 - 7 0 3 .

2 6 B e n - Z e ' e v A . D i f f e r e n t i a l c o n t r o l o f c y t o k e r a t i n a n d v i m e n -t i n s y n t h e s i s b y c e l l - c e l l c o n t a c t a n d c e l l s p r e a d i n g i nc u l t u r e d e p i t h e l i a l c e l l s . J C e l l B i o l 1 9 8 4 ; 9 9 : 1 4 2 4 - 3 3 .

2 7 L a n e E B , H o g a n BLM, K u r k i n e n M , G a r r e l s J I . C o -e x p r e s s i o n o f v im en t i n a n d c y t o k e r a t i n s i n p a r i e t a le n d o d e r m c e l l s o f e a r l y mouse e m b r y o . N a t u r e1 9 8 3 ; 3 0 3 : 7 0 1 - 4 .

2 8 G e i s e n g e r K R , D a b b s D J , M a r s h a l l R B . M a l i g n a n t m i x e dH u l l e r i a n tumours: a n u l t r a s t r u c t u r a l a n d i m m u n o h i s t o -c h e m i c a l a n a l y s i s w i t h h i s t o g e n e t i c c o n s i d e r a t i o n s . C a n c e r1 9 8 7 ; 5 9 : 1 7 8 1 - 9 0 .

2 9 d e l P o g g e t t o C B , V i r t a n e n I, L e h t o V - P , W a h l s t r o m T ,S a ks e l a E . E x p r e s s i o n o f i n t e r m e d i a t e f i l a m e n t s i n o v a r i a na n d u t e r i n e t u m o r s . I n t J G y n e c o l P a t h o l 1 9 8 3 ; 1 : 3 5 9 - 6 6 .

3 0 T a k e d a A , M a t s u y a m a W , K u z u y a K , C h i h a r a T, T s u b o u -c h i S , T a k e u c h i S . M i x e d m e s o d e r m a l tumor o f t h e o v a r yw i t h c a r c i n o e m b r y o n i c a n t i g e n a n d a l k a l i n e p h o s p h a t a s ep r o d u c t i o n . C a n c e r 1 9 8 4 ; 5 3 : 1 0 3 - 1 2 .

3 1 C e n t o l a GM . L o n g - t e r m g r o w t h o f a h e t e r o l o g o u s m i x e dM u l l e r i a n tumor o f t h e o v a r y . I n v a s i o n M e t a s t a s i s1 9 8 6 ; 6 : 1 2 3 - 3 2 .

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