hist 202 - hesen. “the war to end all wars” wwi ends november 11, 1918 wilson’s plans for...
TRANSCRIPT
A NEW ERA: THE TWENTIES
HIST 202 - HESEN
“The War to End All Wars” WWI ends November
11, 1918 Wilson’s Plans for
Peace:Fourteen PointsLeague of Nations
○ Irreconcilables○ Reservationists
Wilson’s Plans for Peace Treaty of Versailles
Big Four○ U.S. (Wilson)○ Great Britain (David
Lloyd George)○ France (Georges
Clemenceau)○ Italy (Vittorio Orlando)
○ NO RUSSIA!!!!
War Debts and Reparations War-guilt clause
(1918) Blame Germany for
WWI Owes $30 billion to
Allied Powers (GB and France)
Dawes Plan (1924)○ U.S. lends money to
Germany to pay back Great Britain and France
○ Leads ultimately to the Great Depression
Postwar Problems Postwar
Red Scare○ A. Mitchell Palmer○ “Palmer Raids”
Strikes of 1919○ Boston Police Strike
(MA)○ Calvin Coolidge
Tulsa Race Riot (1921)○ Dick Rowland
Return to Normalcy Republican Control
Wilson diesRepublicans rule the
1920s○ Warren G. Harding
“Normalcy”
○ Calvin Coolidge○ Herbert Hoover
○ Focus is on business – “The business of American is business”
Warren G. Harding Won Election of
1920 Former newspaper
editor from OhioPracticed patronage“Ohio Gang”Teapot Dome ScandalPardoned Eugene V.
Debs
Domestic Policies Reduction of income
tax Established Bureau
of the Budget Centralized federal
budget Increase in tariff
ratesFordney-McCumber
Tariff (1922)
Harding’s Death Harding
administration was fraught with scandal
He was at the center of the problems
White House – promiscuity
Died unexpectedly in August 1923
Calvin Coolidge Becomes president
after Harding dies Wins election of
1924 because he was popular with business
Took on a new way of looking at laissez faire practices
Coolidge’s Vetoes and Inaction
Believed in limited government
Laissez-faire Focused on the budget Vetoed bills that offered
bonuses to WWI vets Vetoed McNary-Haugen
Bill (1928) – refused to help farmers
Election of 1928 Coolidge declined to
run for president again Tickets:
Herbert Hoover (R) Alfred E. Smith (D)
Americans went with the Republicans because of PROSPERITY
Mixed Economic Development
Causes for prosperityIncreased productivityEnergy technologiesGovernment policies
Problems:Labor
○ Open shopFarmers
A New Culture Consumerism
People bought goods….even if they didn’t need them
Gender RolesFlappers
ReligionRevivalism – Aimee
Semple McPhersonInternational Church
of the Foursquare Gospel
Cultures in Conflict Fundamentalism
John Scopes Trial Evolution vs. Scripture Clarence Darrow
(ACLU) vs. William Jennings Bryan
Prohibition 18th Amendment Volstead Act Sale, distribution,
manufacture of “intoxicating liquors”
Cultures in Conflict Nativism/Xenophobia
Quota Law (1921)Eastern Europeans
and AsiansNicola Sacco and
Bartolommeo Vanzetti Ku Klux Klan
Became more of a political organization
Executions
Harlem Renaissance Born out of the Great
Migration Explosion of African
American culture in Harlem Langston Hughes, Duke
Ellington – coined 1920s Jazz Age
Marcus Garvey – United Negro Improvemen Association Back to Africa Movement Controversy with civil rights
leaders