Historical presumptions of social communication

development

Lecture 1

Ing. Jiří Šnajdar 2014

3

Epoch of indications and signals

• More than 70 million years, Hominid

• Australophithecus africanus 4 million years the oldest discoveries,

• Homo habilis before 2 million years,

• Homo erectus before 1,5 million years,

• Homo sapiens before 0,5 million years.

• Since September 2007 is in the USA exhibited a skeleton of Lucy, an ape-human 3,2 million years old, discovered in Ethiopia in the year 1974, together with a true model in living size

4

Skeleton of Lucy

•

5

Skeleton of Lucy

6

Epoch of ear (speaking and language)

• Hypothesis about origin of human language : circumstances of language origin – about 90 thousand years, the oldest opinions – gods, primitive language – common word roots, diversification – migration, agriculture, settlement – English language.

• Homo sapiens – before 90 thousand years.

• Manufacture development, usage of metal instruments,

• Pasturage development, agriculture, plough,

7

Epoch of ear (speaking and language)

• First private ownership,

• Creating of patriarchal family, base of parentage relationships,

• Trade, pottery, weaver development,

• Trade and agriculture separation = barter,

• Increasing of work productivity = formation of slavery,

• Progressive state formation

8

Epoch of eye (writing)

• Egypt – beginning 3000 year BC

• Mesopotania – dtto

• Crete – 2000 years BC (Minoan culture)

• China and Korea – 1700 years BC

• Olmec (Mexico) and Chavin (Peru) culture 1100 – 1200 years BC

• Greece (Mycenaean culture) 1600 years BC – Ancient Greece 900 years BC

9

Epoch of eye (writing)

• Eurasian antiquity 500 years BC – 500 AD Greece and Roman empire (antique theatre, bread and games)

• 476 AD – fall of west-roman empire

• 1330 – 1453 Byzantine (east-roman) empire – capital Konstantinopol – Istanbul

• 9th century – spread of Christianity and education among Slavs – Cyril and Methodius, Ratisbon - Regensburg episcopate

• 962-1198 roman-german empire – new centre of power, Augsburg 955,

 

10

Epoch of eye (writing)

• 9th century – spread of Christianity and education among Slavs – Cyril and Methodius, Ratisbon - Regensburg episcopate

• 962-1198 roman-german empire – new centre of power, Augsburg 955

11

Writing formation

What is writing ? Visual means for information recordation. Predecessors – pictorial writing, vocabulum writing, syllables, phones – phonetic alphabet brought its users advantages, power and authority, finished domination of church bureaucracy and created a literal human. “Civilisation is based on literariness” (McLuhan).

Development of means for transmission of written information :

Stone, clay boards, wax, papyrus, parchment, paper

12

Writing formation

Spread and documents production: creation (scribes, calligraphers), reproduction (scribes), private reading, public reading, acta diurna ( Caesar), written texts in convents.

13

papyrus

14

First urbanisation

Market formation and connection with urbanisation. Fairs, exhibitions, world exhibitions

Formation of castle residences :

12th –13th century

First urbanisation,

People accumulating

Towns and trades development, first markets

Market as the oldest mass communication tool

15

First urbanisation

• 10th –12th century formation of regular markets, first money here,

• agricultural and trades boom, aristocracy, cotters, town patriciate,

• 50 royal towns, population concentration, usage of religious holidays

16

13th century – guilds formation, symbols,

15th century – integration into international markets,

1243 Brno is competent to do Whitsun markets,

1362 Ostrava annual markets – 16 days

formation of specialised places

 

17

GENERATION 13th-16th centuryPeriodicity of commercial meetingsProduction totalityVerbal communication – barkersGradually formation of markets as specialised media – cots,Simple presentation – free outdoors, light shelters, standsMarket right – form of regulation of towns behaviour

18

GENERATION – SPECIMEN FAIRS

GENERATION – SPECIMEN FAIRS middle 17th to the end of 18th century

Beginning of manufacture production – in the Czech countries at the end of 17th century, in developed Europe already in the middle of the 16th century, only samples are showed

Communication specifics of 2nd generation – sample, specialised precincts

Share of import grows, from selling action the fair changes into contract, offer variety

19

GENERATION – SPECIMEN FAIRS

• Number of exhibitors and visitors – mainly businessmen is increasing

• Specialised fair institutions are built, specialised fairs are formed

• 1754 Veltrusy “Big commodities market of the Czech kingdom – indication of 3rd generation

• 1756/7 London – 1st sample fair

• Industrial exhibitions in Europe, 1791 – Waarenkabinet in Klementinum

• Series of industrial exhibitions in Prague – 1828, 1829, etc.

20

• Klementinum

21

 GENERATION – SPECIMEN FAIRS AND RUNNING PROGRAMMES

Country industrialisation – Kladno, Ostrava regions, formation of big industrial companies

Industrial production

Typical characteristics of the 3rd generation – running programme – information and entertaining function

1953 - Exhibition of Czechoslovak engineering

1956 - Established with BVV (Brno Originally sample fairs)

22

Brno Trade Fair

•

23

1959 Brno Trade Fair (Mezinárodní strojírenský veletrh)

Expansion of other fairs in the republic, important role of running programmes – entertainment, educational, activation for visitors, popularisation, professional, science-technical conferences etc.

24

 GENERATION – IDEAS AND SYSTEMS FAIRS

Priority is informationally wide presentation of information in form of congress, symposium

Running programme is professional, very specialised

exhibition – fair, the importance and emphasis of elements is turning

exhibition – running programme

The running role plays exhibition, the priority is in symposium

For large public are fairs and exhibition conserved in classical realisation

internet

25

WORLD EXHIBITIONS – REFLECTION OF

CURRENT CULTURE Since 1851 annually – 1st London, 2nd Paris

In 19th century were organised 40 No.

In 20th century altogether 57 – EXPO 58 Brussels, Montreal 67,

Osaka 70, Shanghai 2010, Milano 2014

26

 

 

DEFINITION OF WORLD EXHIBITION ACCORDING TO BIE

Bureau International des Expositions

Concerned countries must be invited to

participation by diplomatic way

All BIE shares must not pursue any commercial targets

The shortest possible length 3 weeks, the longest 6 months.