historical steelwork handbook

5/23/2018 Historical Steelwork Handbook

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HSTORIC LSTRUCTUR L STEELWORKH NDBOOKPr oper t i es of U K and EuropeanCast r o n Wought I ron and SteelSect i ons i ncl udi ng Desi gn Load andSt r ess Dat a s i nce t he d 19thCent ury

P ub l i s h ed byhe Br i t i sh Const r uct i onal St eel work Associ at i on L imted4 Whi t ehal l Cour t Westm nst er London SW ESelephone 071 839 8566

Compi l ed and W i t t e n byates CEng FI Str uctE


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UDC 624. 94. 0 1 4 . 2I SBN 0850730155

BatesHi s t o r i c al s t r u c t u r a l st eel work handbook Commer ci al bui l di ngs Handbooks mnual s et c 2 Structural f r ames Handbooks manual s et c3 Col umns I r o n and s t e e l Handbooks manual s et c 4

T r u s s e s Handbooks manual s et c 5

I n d u s t r i a l bui l di ngs Handbooks manual s et c

I T i t l e693 . 71

TH4311

I SBN o 85073 01 5 5

The B r i t i s h Const r uct i onal Steel work Associ ati on Lt d BCSA i s the nat i onalr epresent a t i ve or gan i s a t i on f or the Const r uct i onal Steel work I ndu s t r y i t s Membercompani es undert ake t he desi gn fabri cati on and erect i on of st eel work f or al l f o r m o fcons tr uct i on i n bui l di ng andc i v i l engi neeri ng Associ ateMembers arethosepr i nci palcompani es i nvol ved i n the purchase, desi gn or supp y of components, mat eri al sservices et c r e l a t e d t o the i ndus t r y Thepr i ncpal obj ect i ves o f theAssoci ati on are t opr omot e t he use of s t r u c t u r a l st eel work ; t o a s s i s t s pec i f i e r s and c l i e n t s ; t o ensure t h a tthe capabi l i t i es and act i v i t i es of the i ndus t r y are w del y understoodand t o provi demmbers w t h pr of es si o nal servi ces i n t e c hn i c a l commer ci al contr act ual and qual i tyassurance m t t e r s

Al though care has been taken t o ensure tothebest of i t s knowedge, that al l dataand i nformati on contai ned herei n i s accurate t o the ext ent that i t r e l a t e s t o ei t hermatters of f act or accepted pr act i ce or matters of op ni on at thetimof publ i cati onTheB r i t i s h Constructi onal Steel work Associati onLtddoes not assum r e s pons i bi l i t yf or any er rors i n or ms i nt e rpre t a t i ons of such data and/or i nfor mat i on or any l os s ordamge a r i s i n g f r o m or r e l a t e d t o i t s us e Copyri ght o f t he cont ents o f t hi s publ i cati onbel ongs t o The B r i t i s h Const r uct i onal Steel work Associ at i on Ltd 4 Whi t eha l l CourtWestmnster, London SW A2ES I t maynot be cop ed i n any formor s t o re d i n aret r i eval systemwthout the BCSAspermssi on

Thi s book i s oneof a s er i e s of publ i ca t i ons producedby the BCSAt o gi ve practi caladvi ceandgui dance t o al l personnel engaged i n worki ngwi t h s t ruc tura l steel work i nthe cons tr uct i on i ndus t r y For det a i l s o f ot her publ i cat i ons contact the BCSA

1s t E d i t i o n Ap r i l 84 M2nd I mpr ess i on March 87 0 4M3rd I mpr ess i on A pr i l 90 0. 3M4th I mpr ess i on A pr i l 91 0. 5MPri nted by The Chamel eon Press Limt ed 5 2 5 Burr Road London SW184SG

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PREFACEOneof themost regul ar questi ons theBCSAi s askedas part of i t s advi sory servi ceto thepubl i c i s toi dent i f y a steel sect i on f romi t s accessi bl e dmnsions and suggest ways of det ermni ng i t s l oad beari ngcapaci t y Thi s publ i cat i on has been prepared t o enable cl i ents archi t ect s and engi neers t o have a comrehensi vegui de to t he vari ous f actors t hat need t o be consi dered i n assessi ng t he l oad beari ng capaci t y of an ex i s t i ngsteel f ramd bui l ding Thetext i s suppl emntedwthadvi ceonhowo proceedwth suchstructurali nvest i gat i ons and der i vi ng addi t i onal dat a by si mpl e cal cul at i on Theauthorwas theChi ef Structural Engi neer of RedpathDormnLongandhas hadwdeexperi enceoft hi s type of workThi s book can be summri sed as bei ng gui de t o over a cent ury of bui l di ng i n i ron and steel sect i ons contai ni ng i nf ormat i on on propert i es of mater i al s prof i l es l oads and stresses

ACKNOWEDGEMENTS n compi l i ng t hi s work the author has recei ved help and encouragemnt from sources too numrous t omntion i n detai l However speci al ref erence mst be mde t o

r i t i s h Standards I ns t i tut i onI ns t i tut i on of Str uct ural ngineersLondon County Counci l r i t i s h Steel Corpor ati on

t o f ormer col l eagues and t o t he very mny peopl e w t h whomhe serves on t echni cal commttees both i nt h i s country and i n Europe Wthout thei r hel p so f reel y gi ven th is publ i cat i on coul d not have been compi l ed i n i t s present formCopies of current r i t i s h Standards can be obt ai ned f romt he r i t i s h Standards I nst i tut i on L in ford WoodMl ton KeynesMK 6LE


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PageSecti on I ntr oducti on and Hi stori cal Notes1 1 I nt roducti on 71 2 Hi stori cal Notes 7Secti on2 Materi al s2 1 I nt roducti on 82 2 Cast i ron as a structural materi al 82 3 Wought i ron as a structural mater i al 92 4 Steel as a structural mater i al 92 5 Br i t i sh Standard Speci f i cat i ons f or structural s t e e l 92 6 General 11Secti on3 Shapes and Si zes3 I nt roducti on 123 2 Cas t I r on 123 2 1 Cas t I r on Beam 123 2 2 Cas t I r on Col umns 133 3 Wought I ron 143 4 Steel 153 5 Tabl es 153 6 Concl usi on 44Sect i on 4 Codes of Pract i ce andBui l di ng Regul at i ons41 I ntr oducti on 454 2 London County Counci l 454 2 1 L General Powers Act 1909 454 2 2 L General Powers Act 1915 454 2 3 LCC General Powers Acts 1920/ 1929 454 2 4 London Bui l di ng Acts 1930/ 1939 454 2 5 London Bui l di ng Const r ucti onal By Laws 1952 454 2 6 Amendment 1965 t o above 454 2 7 General 454 3 The Bui l di ng Regul at i ons 1965 454 4 I nsti tuti on of Structural Engi neers 454 5 Br i t i sh Standar ds I nst i tut i on 464 5 1 BS449Useof Structural Steel i n Bui l di ngs 464 5 2 CP113The Structural use of Steel i n Bui l di ngs 464 5 3 CP3ChapterVBasic Data f or the Des i gn of Bui l di ngs 464 5 4 BS648 Schedul e of Wei ght s of Bui l di ng Materi al s 464 6 Other specif i cati ons and codes 46Sect i on 5 Loads5 1 I nt roducti on 475 2 Dead Loads 475 3 Li ve Loads 475 3 1 Encycl opedi a of Archi t ecture 1881 475 3 2 Dorman Long andCo Handbook 1895 475 3 3 Appl eby s Handbook of Machi nery 1903 475 3 4 L Gener al Powers Act 1909 485 3 5 I nsti tuti on of Structural Engi neers 1927/ 1933 485 3 6 BS4491932 505 3 7 BS4491948 505 3 8 General 55 4 Wnd Loads 55 4 LCC Gener al Powers Act 1909 55 4 2 I nsti tuti on of Structural Engi neers 1927 55 4 3 I nsti tuti on of Structural Engi neers 1938 515 4 4 BS4491932 515 4 5 BS4491948 515 4 6 CP3ChapterV1952 525 4 7 CP3ChapterV1972 525 5 General 52Secti on6 Desi gn Stresses6 1 I nt r oducti on 536 2 Symbol s 536 3 Al l owabl e stresses i n beam bef ore 1900 536 3 1 Cast I ron Beam 536 3 2 Wought I ron Beam 536 3 3 M l d Steel Beam 53


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64 Al l owabl e stresses i ncol umns before 1QOO . 548 4 1 Genera - 546 4 2 Eul e formul a - 546 4 3 Runki no s f ormul a 646 4 4 Other ear l y col umn formulae 55GAB ear l y f ormulae 55GAG 1 Cast I r on Columm - . 55G. 452 Col umns 556 4 5 3 M l d StruuCohmmm . 67S4 6 4 Comments oncompari sonand recommendati ons 576 5 Al l owabl e stresses Kbeam si nce 1900 57G 5 Cast , on Beam - - . 57SB2 Wought I ron Beam 57S5AI M l d Steel Bezi m 57~G Al l owabl e stresses i noohumm~nco1BDO 58GA Cw I r on Col umns . 586 6 2 Wought I r on Col umns 580A3 M l d Steel Col umns . 58OO 3 1 M l d SUMCol umns t o LCC1909 58GJG32 M l d SUMCol umns t o Moncr i ef f Formula 1909 - 58G633 M l d SUMCol umnouo E1927 . 68GAA Cohumnstmoe t o BS44Q1Q37 - 58GA5 Col umn stresses to8844B1Q48 58GA]G Col umn stresses uoBS440after 1948 82G Ecuont r i c l oads oncol umns - 626 8 Hi gh St r engt h St eel s 62Secti on 7 Devel opments i n Fabr i cat i on and Des i gn71 I nt r oducti on 6372 R vowdandBol tedConnecti ons - 637 3 El ec t r i c A Wldi ngofst nokwo k 637A Useof Hi gh Str engt h F r i c t ion Gri p Bol t s 6373 Ri gi d Frame Anal ysi s - . 657 6 Pl as t i c Mthods of Des i gn 6573 Computer Anal ysi s . . 657]9 Gonom 65Sect i on8 Cont i nent al Secti ons81 nt r nduct i on . - GG8 2 Fr ench sect i ons GG83 mi an, oot i o, o . - . GG8 4 Luxembourg secti ons 668 5 Belgi umsecti ons . - - . GGBA German ooi nn - - 668 7 SkobnnB oud Fl ange Beam 678f | Gener al remarks - 67Sect i on 9 M scel l aneous9 , u, odunt i on . 739 2 Concrete encased st ee wo, k - 73R2 G i l gobeumo - 73922 Fi kr j o i s t f l oo, oonot r vut i on . 73923 Beam suppor t i ng f l oor s l abs . . . 73824 Concrete encased vohumm - . 7393 Asymmetri cal Secti ons - 73931 Wal l beam . . - 73932 CraneGantry G rde r s . 739 4 I dent i f i cat i on of mater i al 7595 Rel ati onship between past andpr esent 759 5 Mater i al . . 76152 Loadi n 9 . - . . 75Q.53 Suosm . . . . 759 6 Recommendat i ons f oxdesi gn . 75Sect i on 10 Bi bl i ogr aphy1 ( l 1 Bi bl i ogr aphy . 7G


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L i s t of Tabl esPageTabl e 2 Ul t i mat e Str engths of Cast I r on 1879 8

Tabl e 3 Conversi on Factors 153 2 Equi val ent Deci mal val ues 153 3 Properti es of Dorman LongBeams 1887 163 4 L i s t of Dorman Long Channel s 1887 183 5 L i s t of Dorman Long Equal Angl es 1887 193 6 L i s t of Dorman Long Unequal Angl es 1887 193 7 Properti es of Br i t i sh Standar d Beams 1903 213 8 Propert i es of Br i t i sh StandardBeams 1921 223 9 Propert i es of Br i t i sh Standar d Beams 1932 233. 10 Propert i es of Speci al BSBeams 1932 223. 11 Propert i es of Uni ver sal Beams 1962 63 243 12 Propert i es of Uni ver sal Col umns 1962 263. 13 Propert i es of Uni ver sal Beams added 1962 72 273 14 Properti es of Uni ver sal Beams 1972 283 15 Propert i es of Uni ver sal Col umns 1972 303 16 L i s t of UBs del eted by Amendment 1975 273 17 Propert i es of compoundI st anchi ons 1932 323 18 Propert i es of compound I L st anchi ons 1932 333. 19 Propert i es of compound gi rders 1932 343. 20 Propert i es of compound I L gi rders 1932 363 2 Propert i es of Br i t i sh Standard Channel s 1904 383. 22 Propert i es of Br i t i sh Standard Channel s 1921 383. 23 Propert i es of Br i t i sh StandardChannel s 1932 393. 24 Propert i es of Br i t i sh StandardChannel s 1962 403. 25 Propert i es of BFBs 1959 403. 26 Propert i es of equal angl es 1962 423 27 Propert i es of unequal angl es 1962 43

Tabl e 5 Wei ghts f or cal cul ati ngdead l oads 1895 475 2 Li ve l oads on f loors 1903 475 3 Li ve l oads on f loors per I SE 1927 485 4 Li ve l oads on f loors per I SE 1933 485 5 Compari sonof roof l oads to I SE 1927 33 505 6 Imposed l oads f romBS449 1948 495 7 L i s t of Coef f i ci ents Cf or cal cul ati ngwnd f orces normal to sur f ace 1938 515 8 Wnd vel ocit i es i n ml es/ hour 1948 515 9 Wnd pressure on roofs 1948 52

Tabl e 6 Equi val ent l engt h R f or columns ofactual l engt h L 1932 546 2 Goodmans coef f i c ients f or columndesi gn 1914 566 3 Val ues of shape f actor K 1948 586 4 Worki ng Stresses t o BS449 1932 59 596. 5a L Requi rements f or CI Col umns 1909 606. 5b L Requi rements f or W Col umns 1909 606. 5c L Requi rements f or MSCol umns 1909 606 6 Col umn s t r e s s e s to Moncr i ef f formul a 1902 606 7 Col umn s t r e s s e s toBS449 1937 616 8 Col umn s t r e s s e s t o BS449 1948 61Tabl e 7 Al l owabl e stresses i n r i v e t s and bol ts 1932 59 64Tabl e 8 Beams i zes rol l ed i n France byLongwy Normal Profi l es cir ca 1900 688 2 Beams i z es rol l ed i n France by LongwyVery Broad Fl anges cir ca 1900 698 3 Beams i z es rol l ed i n France by Longwy Speci al Prof i l es cir ca 1900 708 4 Channel s i z es rol l ed i n Fr ance by LongwyNormal Prof i l es cir ca 1900 708 5 Beams i zes rol l ed i n I t a l y DIL cir ca 1900 70

8 6 Beams i zes rol l ed i n I t a l y DIN cir ca 1900 728 7 Beamsi zes rol l ed i n Luxenbourg 1900 34 67


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SECTI ONO1

I nt r oducti on and Hi st or i cal Notes

1 . 1 I nt roducti onromti me to ti me i t i s necessary to refurbish exi st i ngbui l di ngs of whi ch l i t t l e i s knownother thanthe approximat e peri odwhenconstructi on took pl ace

I t i s possi bl e to ascert ai n the shape and dimensi ons ofthe exi st i ng structure by maki ng a caref ul survey of thepremses Havi ng obtai ned thi s i nformati on a great deal ofextra det ai l i s s t i l l requi red suchas :

a Probabl e materi al i e Cast I ron, Wought I ron orSteel b Technical properti es of the di f f erent members c Ori gi n of the members c i Strength of the materi al from whi ch members

were madee Desi gn l oadi ng at peri odof constructi on f Desi gn stresses etc rel at i ve to the part i cul armateri al Al l th is i nformati on can probabl y be found by access tovari ous sources of i nformati on though fewpeopl e woul d

knowhowto readi l y l ocate these sources W lst every care has been taken to ensure that the i n-formati on gi ven herein i s accurate i t must be appreciatedthat gaps exi st i n some of the records whi ch have beenconsul ted and the author has attempted to bri dge these

gaps i n the i nterests of conti nui ty1 . 2

Hi stori cal NotesRequi rements regardi ng qual i ty of materi al , shapes andsi zes, desi gn l oads and permssi bl e stresses al l devel opedrapi dl y after the year 1900 when Br i t i s h StandardsI ns t i tut i on as i t now s cal l ed f i r s t came i n to bei ng, thoughBSI must not be consi dered as the onl y authori ty as theI ns t i tut i on of Structural Engi neers the Greater LondonCounci l and Gover nment departments have made maj orcontri buti ons to regul ati ons contr ol l i ng constructi on The vari ous ways i n whi ch each has played a partar e menti oned fromti me to ti me i n the fol l owng t ext

I t shoul d al so be appreciated that many commerci alf i rm have al so contri buted i n the effort to promote theuse of thei r products or of thei r techni cal s k i l l s Agai nreferences w l l be made t o these f i rm when necessary Duri ng the years before 1900 however the eng neersdesigni ng or constructi ng usi ng i r on or st eel productshad f ar mor e to say regardi ng design requi remnts materi a l s and shapes factors of safety etc, and hence wererequi red to have a much greater knowedge of al l theaspects of constructi on i ncl udi ng the properti es ofmateri al s and shapes than appl i es at the present t i meI n order to contai n thi s publ i cati on wth n reasonabl eproporti ons i t has been necessary to condense a greatdeal of t echni cal i nformati on I t can be assumed t here-f or e t hat recommendati ons made regardi ng materi alqual i ti es, si z es et c are represent ati ve rather than i nf l exi bl e,and the fol l owng text shoul d be treated i n th is way

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SECTIONNO2

Mat er i al s

2. 1 I nt roducti onI ron has beenknownsi ncevery earl y days I t was probabl yf i r s t di scovered by chance by heati ng i ron ore i n a charcoalf i r e So muchwas the val ue of themetal appreciated, that i nthe mddl e ages most of the f orests i n Bri tai n were destroy-

ed tomakecharcoal to smel t the i ron oreI t was found that the f i r e burnedmore ef f i ci ent l y whenthe wnd was bl owng Thi s l ed tothe use of a forceddraf tby means of bel l ows to i ncrease the ai r supply and producethe i ronmore rapi dl ySuch pr i mt i ve furnaces are the forerunners of t hemodern bl ast f urnaces the charcoal being repl aced by coke,

a product of coal andnotwoodI ron produced by earl y pri mti vemethods di d not actua-l l y become mol ten and cou d be forged and shaped byhammeri ng On the other hand the mol ten i ron producedby the bl ast furnaces was hard and br i t t l e si nce i t absorbedthree to f i ve percent of carbon f romthe f i r i ng mediumecharcoal or coke, both bei ngalmost pure carbonThese are f acts whi ch are par t of hi story, and are onl yrepeated i n outl i ne The mai n purpose i s to i ntroduce thethree i ron products used i n bui l di ng vi z : - a Cast I ron b Wought I ron c SteelThe basi c di f ference chemcal l y of the three i s theamount of carbon and other i mpuri t i es i ncl udedwth thei ron, but the mechani cal propert i es are appreci abl ydi f f erent The vari ous i mpuri ti es whi ch can be mxed wth thepure i ron are Carbon, Si l i con, Managanese, Su phur, Phos-phorus, Chromumand Copper, though mnute quanti t i esof Ti n Tungsten, Anti mony etc canbe foundThe i nfl uence of the mai n i mpuri ti es on the qual i ty and

characteri sti cs of the materi al can be b r i e f l y summari sed asf ol l ows : - a Carbon: - Decreases mal l eabi l i ty i ncreases hard-ness b Si l i con: - Tends to prevent sol ubi l i ty of thecarbon i n themetal i ncreases f useabi l i ty c Manganese: - I ncreases mal l eabi l i ty d Su phur : - I ncr eases hardness e Phosphorus : - Makes metal more f usabl e f Chromum- I ncreases tensil e strength g Copper : - I ncreases resi stance to corrosionAcceptabl e quanti t i es of these var i ous i mpuri t i es w l l bespeci f i ed l ater As f ar as steel i s concerned they are ofcourse speci f i ed i n the vari ous Br i t ish Standards Theuseof cast i r on as a bui l di ng mater i al probabl y datesback to about the year 1800, wth wought i ron bei ngi ntroduced a fewyears l ater Cast I ron col umns were s t i l lbeingmade for l im t ed use i n theearl y 1930 s though theysubstanti al l y ceased to be used i n any quani ti ty af ter thebeginni ng of the century when steel took over as the mai nstructural mater i al Wought i ron, probal y because i t was costl y to produce,began to be repl aced by steel about 1850 and very l i t t l ewought i ron was used af ter 1890, though there i s evidenceof some use of wought i ron secti ons as l at e as 1910, andal so mxtures of wought i ron and steel i n i dent i cal s i zes

i n thesame structureSteel st ructural secti ons were avai l abl e i n very l i m t edsi zes f rom1850 onwards but i n 1880 they had started toi ncrease qu ckl y i n both s i ze and quanti ty As w l l beseen f rom the next sect i on, i n 1887 Dorman Long andCompany produced a range of 99 beamsi zes as wel l as avast rangeof channel and angl e shapes The three structural metals w l l each be examned i ndet ai l i n separate i tem i n th is secti on

2. 2 Cast I r on as a structural materi alI ron cast i ngs cou d bemadedi rect l y fromthe mol tenmetalf romthe bl ast furnace but these were of i nf er i or qual i tyand i t was usual to run themetal i nto pi g beds andmanu-f acture cast i r on by remel ti ng pi g i ron and then runni ng themetal i nto moulds of the requ redshapeCast I ron contai ns f rom2. 0 to 6. 0 of carbon I t i sbri tt l e, not forgeabl e or weldableThere were three types of cast i r on used f or structuralmembers vi z :Gey I ronWhi te I ronMottl ed I ronthesedependi ng upon the type of i mpuri t i es present i n thepi g i ronGey Cast I ron was madef romthe best qual i ty pi g i ronandwas therefore themost rel i abl e Whi te Cast I ron was l ess subj ect to rusti ng thangrey but

i t was harder more br i t t l e and l e s s rel i abl e Mottl ed Cast I ron hadmanyof the characteri sti cs of the

other two I t contained more su phur andwas more proneto cracking duri ng cool i ngEngineers usual l y speci f i ed grey i ron f or t hei r cast i ngsand unl ess there i s evi dence to the contrary th is type ofi ron shou dbeassumed as havi ng been usedThe u ti mate tensi l e and compressi ve strengths of casti ron vari ed appreci abl y as w l l be seen f romthe f i gures i ntabl e 2. 1 publ i shed i n 1879 Earl i er f i gures, publ i shed i n1872 gave somewhat higher averageval ues For the purpose of checki ng the carryi ng capaci ty ofcast i r on beams andcol umns i t i s advi sabl e to adopt conser-vat i v e f i gur es for the u timate strength, the fol l owng beingconsi dered as sui tabl e : -U timate strength i n tensi on

6 tons/sq i n U timate strength i n compressi on

32 tons/sq i n U timate strength i n shear

8 tons/sq i n f actor of saf ety usual l y 4 shou dbeused to arri ve atworki ng stresses

abl e 2. 1

U ti mateStrengths of Cast I ron

1879

8

Descri pti onof I ron Compressi veStrengthtons/sq

Tensi l eStrengthi nch

Lowmoor I ron No 1 25 2 5 7Lowmoor I ron No2 41 . 2 6 9Cyde I ron No 1 39 6 7. 2Cyde I ron No2 45 5 7. 9Cyde I ron No3 46 8 10. 5B enavon I ron No 1 35 9 6. 2B enavon I ron No2 30 6 6. 3Calder I ron No 1 33. 9 6. 1Coltness I ron No3 45. 4 6. 8Brymbo I ron No 1 33 8 6. 4Brymbo I ron No3 34 3 6. 9Bowi ng I ron No2 33. 0 6. 0Ystal yfera I ron No2 42. 7 6. 5 ant hraci t eYni s-cedwyn I ronNo 1 35 1 6. 2Yni scedwyn I ron No 2 33. 6 5. 9

Average 34. 24 6.77


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As the useof cast i ron as a structural materi al was on thedecl i ne when the BSI was f i r s t establ i shed l i t t l e i nterestwas shown i n produci ng a detai l ed speci f i cati on f or theuseof the materi al i n structures. There are however anumberof st andards f or cast i ron as a materi al , and BS1452 1948def i nes seven separate grades of cast i ron w th ul t i matetensil e st rengths of 10, 12, 14, 17, 20, 23 and 26 t ons/ sqi nch These grades and str ength val ues canonl y be consi d-ered of general i nterest .2. 3Wought I ron as a structural materi alWought i ron was tr adi ti onal l y produced fromcast i ron bythepuddl i ng process whi ch consi sted of rai si ng the i r on to ahi gh t emper ature i n a reverberatory f urnace where thecarbon and other i mpuri t i es were removed by a strong ai rbl ast, the i ron bei ng kept fromdi rect cont act wth the f uel The carbon was removed by combini ngw th the oxygenas a gas and the si l i con and other i mpuri t i es f ormng af usi bl e sl agwhi ch coul d be run off .Wought i ron i s al most pure i ron, softer than steel butl ess l i ab le t o corrosi on etc The materi al bei ng mal l eabl ecoul d be f orged and bent to shape I t was consi dered asbei ng of approxi matel y equal strength i n both t ensi on andcompressi on, the ul t i mate tensi l e strength varyi ng between18 and30 t ons/ sq i nch.I n 1879 the fol l ow ng val ues were recommended asaverage f or the str ength of wrought i ron : -Ul t i mate strength i n t ensi on

21 tons/ sq. i n Ul t i mate strength i n compressi on

16 tons/ sq. i n Ul t i mate strength i n shear

20 tons/ sq. i n One of the mai n advantages of wrought i ron was i t sf a c i l i t y t o stand reheati ng and rol l i ng t o shapew th i ncreas-ed strength resul ti ng fromel ongati ng i nto f i bres thecubi ccrystal s whi ch f ormed the basi c met al I t i s stated i n 1879 that rol l ed I beams of depths from3 to 14 i n an endl ess vari ety were obtai nabl e fromdi f f erent makers i n both th i s country and abroad, part i cu-l a r l y Bel gi um

I t i s of i nterest to note that the f orei gn i ron j o i s ts coul dbe obtai ned some 20 cheaper t han the Br i t i sh2. 4

Steel as a structural materi alSteel has been produced f or structural pur poses si nceabout1850, al though i t took 40/ 60 years f or i t t o enti rel y repl acewrought i ronSteel has much l ess carbon and other i mpur i t i es thancast i ron, al t hough appreci abl y more t han wrought i ron Ori gi nal l y i t coul d be produced by one of twomethodsi ea)

By addi ng carbon to wrought i ron b)

By removi ngcarbon etc frompi g i ron.The f i r s t of these methods i s too expensi ve t o be ofpracti cal use and theref ore the second was the methodgeneral l y adoptedThe two earl y methods of st eel maki ngwere 1)

Theuseof the Bessemer conver t er 2)

Theuseof theSi emens Mart i n open hearthf ur naceTwo al ternat i ves of each process are i Aci d i i Basi cThe di f f erence i s i n the l i ni ng of the f urnace i n the caseof the aci d process the l i n i ng consi sts of a materi al w t h ahi gh content of si l i con, whi l st i n the case of the basi c pro-cess the l i ni ng contai ns a hi gh propor t i on of basi c oxi desi e cal ci ned dol omte or magnesi t e The use of ei ther aci d or basi c process i s governed bythe type of i r on ore used si nce the f ormer i s not capabl eof removi ng sul phur and phosphorus and the l atter i s There are nowseveral more modern steel maki ng pro-cesses al l of whi ch are acceptabl e These w l l not be di s-cussed i n thepubl i cati on

M l d steel has many of the propert i es of wrought i ron,but w th ul t i mate tensi l e and compressi ve st rengths r oughl yequal i e between28 and32 t ons/ sq i nch.I n 1879 the fol l ow ng average val ues f or t he ul t i matestrength of ml d steel were quoted: -Ul t i mate strength i n tensi on 32 t ons/ sq. i n Ul t i mate strength i n compressi on 30 t ons/ sq. i n Ul t i mate strength i n shear 24 t ons/ sq. i n f actor of saf ety usual l y of f our was adopted t o ob-tai n the saf e worki ngstresses Structural steel qui ckl y repl aced wrought i ron and bythe year 1900 f ewbeam or other structural shapes wererol l ed i n wrought i ron.Devel opments i n themanufacture and i n the cont rol ofqual i ty and strength of steel are refl ected i n the Bri ti shStandar d Speci f i cat i ons whi ch are revi ewed i n 2. 5.

2. 5 Bri ti sh Standard Speci f i cati ons f or StructuralSteelBS15 1906

Standard Speci f i cati on f or StructuralSteel f or Br i dges and General Bui l di ngConst ruct i on

For br i dges the steel must be made by the Open Heathprocess, ei ther acid or basi c For general bui l di ngs the Bessemer process aci d or basicwas i ncl uded For br i dges not more than 0. 06 sul phur and no phos-phorus was al l owedFor bui l di ngs 0. 06 sul phur and 0. 07 phosphrouswas permttedThe ul t i mat e tensi l e strength was speci f i ed at 28 to 32tons/ sq i n.BS15 1912 Standar d Speci f i cati on f or StructuralSteel f or Br i dges and General Bui l di ngConst ruct i onSame steel maki ng processes as i n 1906.class steel f or bri dges not more t han 0. 06 sul phuror phosphorus B Cl ass steel not f or bri dges not more t han 0. 06sul phur and not more than 0. 08 phosphorus permttedUl t i mate tensi l e strength speci fi ed at 28 to 33 t ons/sq i n

BS15 1930

Standard Speci f i cati on f or StructuralSteel f or Br i dges and General Bui l di ngConst r uct i onAl l as 1912 except basi c Bessemer process not nowper-mtted BS15 1936

Standard Speci f i cati on f or StructuralSteel for Br i dges and General Bui l di ngConst r uct i on

D vi si on of steel i nto cl asses B omttedNot more t han0. 06 sul phur or phosphorus Ul t i mate tensi l e strength speci fi ed at 28 to 33 t ons/sq. i nCF(15) 7376

1941 War Emergency revi si on to BS15Two mai n qual i ti es of steelNo 1 Qual i t y as BS15 1936; No 2 Qual i t y as BS15 1936pl us a)

0. 20 to 0. 35 copper b)

0. 35 t o 0. 50 copperOtherw se as 1936BS15

1948

Str uctural SteelSteel processes open hearth aci d or basi c or aci d Bessemer No 1 Qual i t y not more than0. 06 sul phurNo 2 Qual i t y not more than 0. 06 sul phur or phospho-r us 0. 20 t o 0. 50 copper as wart i meemergency

9


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Carbon content 0. 25 to make sui tabl e f or wel di ng I f oxygen process used ni t r ogen content not more t han0. 008The f u l l chemcal content now gi ven agai nst three

The carbon cont ent of 0. 25 on materi al up t o 2 i nchest hi ck, above t o be agreed betweenmaker and user Yi el d strength and ul t i mate str engt h as 1948Thi s was t he l a s t i ssue of BS 15 bei ng r epl aced by BS4360:1968Addi t i onal speci f i cati ons f or s t e e l bef ore 1968 i ncl udedthe f ol l ow ng : -

BS548

1934

Hi gh Tensi l e Structural Steel f or Br i dgesandGener al Bui l di ng Contructi on

Steel processes were s im l a r toBS15 1930 whi ch excl udedbasic Bessemer process) Thechemcal propert i es i ncl udedCarbon

maximumof 0. 30Sul phur

maximumof 0.05Phosphorus

maximumof 0.05Copper

up t o 0. 6Themechani cal propert i es i ncl uded: -Yi el d Str engt hThi ckness

up t o and i ncl udi ng 1 23t ons/ sq. i n Over 1 / 4 up t o and i ncl udi ng 1 / 4 22t ons/ sq. i n Over 1 up t o and i ncl udi ng 2 21 t ons/ sq. i n Over 2 / 4 up t o and i ncl udi ng 2 / 4 20t ons/ s q nOver 29 4 19 t ons/ s q nUl t i mate tens i l e strength 37 t o 43 tons/sq. i n

Wr emergencyamendment toBS5481942Sul phur and Phosphorus al l owance i ncreased t o 0. 06Note : - Thi s speci f i cat i onwaswthdrawn i n 1965

BS968 1941

(War emergency st andard) H gh Tensi l e Fusi on Welding Qual i ty ) St r uctura l Steelf or Br i dges and Gener al Bui l di ng Purposes Thechemcal propert i es i ncl uded Carbon

maximumof 0. 23Si l i con

maximumof 0. 35Manganese

maximumof 1 . 8Chromumopt i onal )

maximum of 1 . 0Ni ckel opt i onal )

maximumof 0. 5Sul phur

maximumof 0.06Phosphorus

maximumof 0.06Copper

maximumof 0. 6NB

Manganese pl us Chromumnot more t han 2. 0Themechani cal propert i es were a s BS548

Because chromumwas i n short suppl y the Cl ass ( b)s t e e l onl y t o be cal l ed up i n excepti onal ci r cumst ances Themechani cal propert i es i ncl uded: -Mater i al up t o and i ncl udi ng 3 4thi ckYi el d Str engt h

21 tons/sq. i n Ul t i mate Tensi l e Str engt h

35 t o 41 t ons/ sq nMater i al over 3 4thi ckYi el d Str engt h

19 tons/sq . i n Ul t i mate Tensi l e Str engt h

33 t o 39 tons/sq. i n

BS9681962

H gh

Tensi l e

Fusi on

Wlding

Qual i ty)

St r uct ur al St eel f or Br i dges or Gener alBui l di ng Purposes ewst eel maki ng process produced s t e e l w t h imrovedyi el d strength Chem cal propert i es ( l a d l e anal ysi s)Carbon

maximum0. 20 0. 22 over 5 i s thi ckSi l i con

maximum0. 35 i ncreased t o 0. 5 i n1965Manganese maximum 1 . 5 Tot al not t o exceed 1 . 6Chromummaximum0. 5Sul phur

maximum005Phosphorusmaximum0. 05Mechani cal propert i es Yi el d Str engt hThi ckness up t o and i ncl udi ng 5 8 23 t ons/ sq nover 5 i a up t o and i ncl udi ng 1 / 4 22. 5 t ons/ sq nover 1 / 4 up t o and i ncl udi ng 2 22 t ons/ sq nOver 2 t o be agr eedUl t i mate Tensi l e Strength

32 t o 39 t ons/ sq nThi s speci f i cat i on was al so r epl aced by BS 4360 1968

BS4360

1968

Weldable Structural St eel sThi s was t he f i r s t i ssue of a comprhensi ve speci f i cat i oncoveri ng s t e e l s previ ousl y spec if i ed i n BS15 BS968BS2762and BS3706 but appreci abl y i ncreai ng the r ange of s t e e l s Four groups of s t e el s were i ncl uded wth ul t i mate tens i l estrength w t h a mnimumof 26, 28, 32and36 tons/sq. i nchandcorr espondi ng yi el d st r engt hs The speci f i cat i on was al sowdened t o i ncl ude t ol eranceson pl ates, t ol erances on secti ons bei ng covered el sewhere

Amendment S l i p No 1 t o BS4360 1968was publ i shed i nSeptember 1969 and as wel l as corr ect i ng mnor errorsal tered t he number t o BS4360Part 1 I nch Uni t s

BS4360 Part 2 1969

Met ri c Uni t s was i ssued wthout anyt echni cal al terat i on t o Part 1

BS43601972 Weldabl e Structural Steel sThi s revi si on t o t he speci f i cat i on cancel l ed t he i mperi alversi on hence i t r ever ted to a number wthout t he addi t i onof Par t 1 or Par t 2 The scope of the speci f i cat i on was extended t o i ncl udeweat heri ng s t e e l s and the whole f ormat was al tered andi mproved

1 0

For the f i r s t t i me yi el d strenth i nt roduced i nto mech- Wrtime amendment No 1 t o BS 968 1943ani cal propert i es i e Thechem cal propert i es were di vi ded i nto two cl assesUp t o and i ncl udi ng y/ 4 i nch thi ck 16 tons/sq. i n vi z : -Overp t o 1 /2 thi ck 15 tons/sq. i n Cl ass ( a) Cl ass ( b)Over 1 /2 th ick 14. 75 tons/ sq. i n Carbon maximumf 0. 23 0. 23Ul t i mate tens i l e strength 28 t o 33 tons/sq. i n Si l i con maximumf 0. 35 0. 35Manganese maximumf 1 . 8 0. 8Ni ckel maximumf 5 0. 5Chromum maximumf 0. 35BS75 1961 M l d Steel f or Gener al Structural Sul phur maximumf 0 06/ 0 0. 80. 06/ 0

Purposes Phosphorus maximumf 0. 06 0.06Steel processes as 1948 pl us any of the oxygen processes Copper maximumof 0. 6 0. 6

grades vi z : - Grade 1 Grade2 Grade 3Carbon 0. 25 0 t o 0. 25 0 t o 0. 25Copper 0 0 20 t o 0. 35 035 t o 0 5Su phur 0.06 0 t o 0.06 0 t o 006Phosphorus 0.06 0 t o 0.06 0 t o 006


11/80

BS4 6 1979 Wel dabl e t ructural St eel sAt the ti me of wri ti ng thi s i s the current versi on of thespeci f i cati on and apart from the i ncl usi on of addi t i onalsteel s f l at products are al i gned w th European practi ceand dimensi onal tolerances i nt roduced to repl ace wei ghtrol l i ng margi ns The BSI commttee concerned has j ust embarked on f urther revi si on to BS4 6t i s assumed that copi es of BS4 and amendment sthereto are readi l y avai l abl e hence no detai l s of specif i c

i tem are gi ven 6

General Remarks

Thi s secti on has been restr i cted to the devel opments i n i ronand steel constructi on i n the Uni ted Ki ngdom However agreat deal of paral l el devel opment took pl ace i n Europeespeci al l y i n Bel gi umand Luxembourg

For some reason the conti nental steel makers di d notmatch up t o t he qual i ti es achi eved by the U K at l eastmost authori ti es i nsi sted on the useof l ower strength val ueswhen the steel was i mported

As f ar as the desi gn of structures was concerned thecodes of practi ce and design speci f i cati ons cl osel y f ol l owedupon devel opments i n materi al s etc and one must berel ated to the other

1 1


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SECTI ONNO 3

Shapes F t Si zes31 I ntroducti onPrevi ous secti ons have gi ven detai l s of devel opmnts i nmater i al s and standardi sati on Thi s secti on w l l concent ra te on shapes and s i zes of structural secti ons over the l ast100/150years The subj ect w l l be deal t wth i n three parts correspondi ng to the three basi c mater i al s 3. 2 Cast I ronDuri ng the peri od 1830to 1900 cast i ron was extensi vel yused as a bui l di ng mater i al and many i mortant structuresi ncludi ng the Crystal Pal ace were constructed usi ng themater i al Because of the mthod of mnufacture i e the cast i ngi nto moul ds of moulten i ron secti ons were purpose madefor the part i cul ar appl i cati on and therefore i t i s not possi bl eto gi ve det ai l s of actual shapes and s i zes The two mi n structural elemnts i n cast i r on i e beamand columns were used e i ther separately or together Fori nst ance cast i r on beam were used supported on bri ckwork or on col umns and cast i r on col umns were used tosupport ti mber and wought i r on beam as wel l as cast i ronbeam

Connect i ons between beam and col umns were of thesi mplest form consi st i ng mi nl y of di rect support onbrackets cast on the col umn wth a nomnal attachmntof beamo col umn by bol ts or coach screws i n coredholes

Because i t i s i mossi bl e to gi ve actual s i zes som gui de todetermning the proporti ons coul d be usef ul 3. 2 1

Cast I roneamI t has already been mnti oned i n Secti on that cast i r on i sa br i t t l e mater i al strong i n comressi on but weak i ntensi onFor thi s reason cas t i r on beam were mde of asymmtr i c shape as shown i n Figure 31 I t i s i mortant to note that such cas e i r on beam mustbe siml y supported at each end I f the beami s used as acanti l ever the proporti ons must be reversed

Strengtheni ng an exi s t i ng structure by i ntroduci ngi ntermdi ate props under cast i r on beam can be dangerous as t hi s w l l resul t i n the reversal of stresses Shouldsuch strengtheni ng be requi red i t i s best done by i nsert i nga newbeambel owor alongsi de the exi s t i ng cas t i r on beamt o take the f u l l l oadi ng

Being purpose mde many cas t i r on beam were provi ded wth a curved e levat i on as shown i n Figure 3 2

Fi gure 3 Cast I ron eamNote : The di mnsi ons gi ven on the sketch show theproporti ons recommnded by Professor J ohn oodmanof Leeds Uni versi ty ci rca 1904 as gi vi ng the most economcal secti on Beam made pr i or to that date may varyfromthese proporti ons

As cast i r on beam were frequentl y used to supportbarrel vaul t f l oor s as i ndi cated i n Fi gure 3. 3 care must betaken i n examni ng the constructi on to avoi d damgi ng thebr i ck arches

Fi gure 3. 2 El evati on of Cast I ron eam


13/80

Fi gure . 3 Barrel vaul t constructi on

Figure 3 3 Barr el vaul t constructi on3 2 2 Cast I ron Col umnsThe use of cast i r on col umns extended wel l beyond theperi od when cast i r on beam were replaced by ml d st eelbeam i n f act i sol ated cases of thei r use were recorded i nthe earl y 1930 s By f ar the mst extensi ve use of cast i r on col umnsoccurred however before the begi nn ng of the twenti ethcenturyast i ron col umns were usual l y of hol l owci rcul ar con-struct i on provided wth brackets to recei ve the beam andcarr i ed up to recei ve the col umn over Bases were oftencast separatel y wth a si ml e end t o t he col umn i tsel f I n order to ensure adequate contact area f or the transmssion of load somti ms the ends of the col umns weremchi ned but wth a good i ron foundry suf f i ci ent accuracycoul d be achi eved to el i mnate the need f or mchi n ng andof ten a si ml e l ead pad was i ntroduced between beari ngsurf aces to i mrove contact Figure 3 4 shows a t ypi cal cast i r on col umnassem y

I n examn ng exi sti ng cast i ron constructi on i t i snecessary to determne the thi ckness of the mtal Sinceaccess to the core w l l not be possi bl e the thi ckness shoul dbe found by dr i l l i ng smal l holes and masuri ng by mans ofa pi ece of wrenepossi bl e error whi ch can be f ound i n exist i ng casti ron col umns i s cases where the core i s not cent ral on thecol umn To ensure t hat t hi s i s not the case three holes

shoul d be dr i l l ed i n posi t i ons as i ndi cated i n Figure 3not of course on the sam hori zontal l i ne and the averagetakenof the thi ckness masured at eachposi t i on

13


14/80

WbPl ate

WbPl ate4) Angl es

4 Angl es

2 Flange Pl ates

4 Special Angl esi gure 3 5 Thi ckness of Cast I ron olum

33 Wought I r onDuri ng the per i od 185 t o 19 wrought i ron was used t or epl ace cast i r on f or beams i n bui l di ng constr ucti on Somewrought i ron j o i s t shapes were produced but of ver y l i m t eddepth, around 8 bei ng consi der ed the l i m t Above t h i ss i z e ri vett ed f abri cated gi rders wereused madeupof angl esand pl ates or i n some i nst ances angl es l att i ced w t h smal lp l a t e s see Fi gur e 3 6 The actual si zes of the angl es used i n t hese gi rders can bedetermned by measurement I t can be assumed t hat manyof t he m l d s t e e l si zes gi ven l a t e r were or i gi nal l y producedi n wrought i ron

t has been reported that the annual product i on ofwrought i ron pl ates and secti ons i n 187 amounted t oaround 3 m l l i o n tons Duri ng the l a s t quar t er of the ni neteent h century m l ds t e e l became i ncreasi ngl y used onaccount of i t s i ncreasedstrength I t i s r eput ed t hat by changi ng fromwrought i r o nt o m l d s t e e l f or the Fort h Rai l way Br i dge desi gn stresseswere i ncreased from5 0 t o 6 5 tons per square i nch To concl ude on t h i s subj ect , when consi deri ng thestrength of any structure bui l t between185 and say 189when themateri al i s i n questi on, caut i on shoul d be adoptedand the l ower stresses f or wrought i ron assumed

14

Latti ce Wb 4 ngles

Figure 36 Typi cal Fabri cated Grders


15/80

34 SteelSteel sect i ons were produced i n quanti t y fromabout 1883through some of t he smal l er sect i ons were avai l abl e i n m l ds t e e l bef ore t hat date Pr i or t o t he f ormati on of the B r i t i s h St andar ds I n s t i t u -t i on a s i t i s nowcal l ed i n 1900 shapes and s i z es were s e t t -l ed by t he i ndi vi dual manuf act urer , mai nl y of course t omeet thei r cust omers r equi r ements These manuf act urer sproduced catal ogues gi ving di mensi ons, and i n some i nst an-ces des i gn pr oper t i es of t he var i ous sect i ons which t heyproducedThe e a r l i e s t avai l abl e handbookwhi ch has been consi der-ed i s t hat publ i shed by Dorman Long and Company i n1887 Subsequent copi es were publ i shed i n 1890 and 1895but showed l i t t l e vari at i on f romt he 1887 i ssue Redpat h, Brown Co publ i shed thei r f i r s t handbook i n1892 and as t hi s f i r m manufactured gi rders et c as opposedt o pr oduci ng s t e e l sect i ons , thei r handbook was more of adesi gn manual t han a catal ogue As i t was consi dered t hat onl y a l i m t e d number ofengi neers coul d actual l y desi gn, s a f e l oad t abl es were pro-duced fromwhi ch, i n theory at l e a s t t he uni ni t i ated wereabl e t o sel ect t he ri ght member t o meet thei r r equi r ement s I n part 3 5 numerous t abl es are gi ven t o pr ovi de asmuch desi gn i nf ormat i on as possi bl e on s t eel s i z es from1887 onwards Notes are i ncl uded gi ving detail s of t hevar i ous t abl es From 1903 when B r i t i s h St andard 4was f i r s t i ssued,al l the t abl es refer t o B r i t i s h Standard Secti ons, though atvar i ous t i mes si nce 1903some s t e e l sect i ons have been i mport ed and used whichdonot conform o B r i t i s h St andar ds The most notabl e of t hese are Broad Fl ange Beams r o l l e don t he cont i nent of Europe Detai l s of t hese and ot hercont i nental sect i ons are gi ven i n Sect i on 8Si nce t he l a s t of t he mai n sect i on t abl es gi ven i n part3 5 two maj or devel opments have occured I n 1972 Br i t i shSt andard 4848 Part 4 Metr i c Equal and Unequal angl eswas i ssued These metr i c s i z e s r epl ace the i mperi al si zes i nB r i t i s h Standard 4

Detai l s of metr i c angl es and thei r pr opert i es are con-t ai ned i n the Constrado publ i cat i on St r uctura l Steel workHandbook Metr i c Angl es t o BS4848 Part 4 1972 pub-l i shed i n 1973andwhich i s curr ent l y avai l abl e The second maj or devel opment was t he i ssue of Br i t i shSt andard 4 Part 1 1980 Thi s updated pr evi ous i s s u es ofBS4to correct mnor i naccur aci es and t o cover the proper-t i e s of Uni versal Beams which nowal l have p ar a l l e l f l anges Agai n, al l t he detai l s gi ven i n BS4Part 1980 are i ncl udedi n t he BCSA/Const rado publ i cat i on Str uctural Steel workHandbook Sect i ons t o BS4 Part 1 whi ch i s curr ent l yavai l abl e andal so i ncl udes the Saf e Load Tabl es Though t h i s was publ i shed i n 1978 bef ore the l a s t r e-vi s i on t o BS4 Part 1980, i t ant i ci pat ed t he i nf ormat i ongi ven i n t he l a t t e r Edi tori al and ot her mnor corr ect i onshave been i ncorporated i n subsequent i mpr essi ons of t hi spubl i cat i on

3 5 Tabl esI n the tabl es which f o l l ow the pr opert i es of a wde r angeof sect i ons are gi ven These t abl es ar e produced i n t he uni ts i n which t hei nf ormat i on was ori gi nal l y pr esent ed and t he equi val entmetr i c or i mperi al s i z e i s gi ven i mmedi at el y after t heori gi nal Thi s i s t o enabl e t he s i z e t o be i dent i f i ed i nwhi chever formof measurement i s adoptedWen t he sect i on propert i es are r equi r ed i n t he al t erna-t i v e uni t s t o t hose pri nted conversi on factors must be usedas Tabl e3

15

I n order t o get t he i nf ormat i on r egardi ng a secti on ontoa si ngl e l i n e i n the f o l l ow ng tabl es, f ract i ons of an i nchare gi ven as deci mal s of an i nch basedonTabl e3 2 The deci mal val ues gi ven are f or i ndenti f i cat i on pur poses

onl y and are based on t he f i r s t two f i gures of the trueval ues and t heref ore must not be used f or cal cul at i on pur -poses

Tabl e32 Equi val ent deci mal val ues1/ 32 3/ 32 5/ 32 7/ 32 9/32 11/ 32 13/32 15/32Fract i on 1/ 16 3/ 16 5/ 16 7/ 161/ 8 1/ 4 3/ 8 1/ 2

Deci mal . 03 . 06 . 09 . 12 . 15 . 18 . 21 . 25 . 28 . 31 . 34 . 37 . 40 . 43 . 46 . 5017/32 19/32 21/32 23/32 25/32 27/32 29/32 31/32Fract i on 9/ 16 11/16 13/16 15/165/ 8 3/ 4 7/ 8 1

Deci mal . 53 . 56 . 59 . 62 . 65 . 68 . 71 . 75 . 78 . 81 . 84 . 87 . 90 . 93 . 96 . 00

Tabl e31

I tem

Convers i on FactorsI mperi al t o Metr i cImp x =metr i c Metr i c t o I mperi alx =I mp

Depth i ns x 25. 4 =mm x003937 =i nsBreadt hMass/ uni t I b / f t x 1 48816 =kg/m x 067197 =b / f tl engt hThi ckness i ns x 25. 4 =mm x0. 03937 = i nsArea i ns 2x 6. 4516=cm x0. 155 = i ns 2Moment of i ns 4x 41 . 6231 =cm4 x0024025= ns 4I ner t i aRadi us of i ns x 2. 54 =cm x0. 3937 = i nsGyrati onSect i on i ns 3 x 16. 3871 =cm3 x0061024= ns3Modul us


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TABLE NO 3 . 3 BEAM SIZES ROLLED BY DORMAN LONG CO 1887I MPER AL UN TS See separate page for notesNomnal Si ze Mass f t Metr i c Equi val ent Actual Si ze Thi ckness Area Moment of I nerti a Radi us of Gyrati on Secti on Modul usD X B D X B Mass m D X B Web Flange X X Y Y X X Y Y X X Y Y

i ns l bs mm kg i ns i ns i ns i ns2 i ns4 i ns i ns320x8 100 508x210 149 20 x8 . 26 0. 76 0 . 97 29. 67 182510 80 . 43 7 . 84 1 . 65 182 . 5 19 . 595 508x208 141 20 x8 . 18 0 . 68 0 . 97 28 24 177443 77 . 99 7 93 1 . 66 177 . 4 19 . 190 508x206 134 20 x8 . 11 0 . 61 0 . 97 26 . 78 1725 09 75 . 62 8 02 1 . 68 1725 18 . 618x7 90 457x183 134 18 x7 . 20 0 81 0 . 94 26 46 125572 49 . 98 6 . 89 1 . 37 139 . 5 13 . 984 457x180 125 18 x7 . 10 0 . 71 0 . 94 24 . 67 1207 . 61 47 . 59 7 00 1 . 39 134 . 2 13 . 478 457x175 116 18 x6 90 0 . 61 0 . 94 22 88 115901 45 . 32 7 . 12 1 . 41 128 . 8 13 . 116x6 68 406x155 101 16 x6 . 12 0 . 71 0 . 82 20 . 18 753 . 30 29 . 32 6 11 1 . 21 94. 2 9 . 5864 . 5 406x154 96 16 x6 . 06 0. 64 0 . 82 19 15 73111 28 . 22 6 . 18 1 . 21 91 . 4 9 . 3159 406x151 88 16 x5 . 95 0 . 54 0 . 82 17 . 51 696 . 30 26 69 6 31 1 . 23 87. 0 8 . 9715x6 65 381x157 97 15 x6 . 17 0 . 79 0 . 81 19 . 34 663 68 30 . 30 5 . 86 1 . 25 88 . 5 9 . 8261 381x155 91 15 x6 . 09 0 . 72 0 . 81 18 . 15 641 . 46 28 98 5 . 94 1 . 26 85. 5 9 5257 381x153 85 15 x6 . 01 0 . 64 0 . 81 16 . 96 619 . 24 27 . 70 6 . 04 1 . 28 82 . 6 9 . 2215x5 60 381x134 89 15 x5 . 26 0 . 70 0 . 80 17 . 85 566 . 18 18 55 5 63 1 . 02 75. 5 7 0555 381x131 82 15 x5 . 16 0 . 60 0 . 80 16 . 36 538 . 34 17 . 35 5 . 74 1 . 03 71 . 8 6 . 7250 381x129 74 15 x5 06 0 . 50 0 . 80 14 88 510 . 21 16 . 23 5 86 1 04 68 . 0 6 . 4214x6 61 356x154 91 14 x6 . 05 0 . 67 0 . 81 18 . 15 533 . 89 28 . 34 5 . 42 1 . 25 76 . 3 9 . 3757 356x151 85 14 x5 . 96 0 . 59 0 . 81 16 . 96 514 . 46 27 . 07 5 51 1 26 73 . 5 9 0853 356x149 79 14 x5 . 87 0 . 50 0 . 81 15 . 76 494 . 56 25 . 74 5 . 60 1 . 28 70 . 7 8 . 7712x6 62 305x158 92 12 x6 23 0 . 73 . 87 18 45 404 . 26 30 . 98 4 . 68 1 30 67 . 4 9 . 9557 305x155 85 12 x6 . 11 0 . 61 0 . 87 16 . 96 386 . 41 29 02 4 77 1 . 31 64 . 4 9 . 5052 305x152 77 12 x5 99 0 . 49 . 87 15. 47 368 . 55 27 . 04 4 . 88 1 32 61 . 4 9 0312x5 47 305x131 70 12 x5 . 17 0 67 0 . 65 13 . 98 286 . 58 14 37 4 53 1 . 01 47. 8 5 . 5643 305x129 64 12 x5 . 07 0 . 58 0 . 65 12. 80 272 32 13 . 44 4 . 61 1 02 45 . 4 5 3039 305x126 58 12 x4 98 0 . 48 0 65 11 . 60 258 . 14 12 56 4 72 1 . 04 43 . 0 5 . 0410x6 48 254x157 71 10 x6 . 16 0 . 66 0 . 70 14 . 27 221 55 25 . 16 3 . 94 1 33 44 . 3 8 1745 . 5 254x154 68 10 x6 08 0 . 58 . 70 13 . 54 215 . 47 24 23 3 99 1 . 34 43 . 1 7 . 9743 254x153 64 10 x6 . 01 0 . 51 0 . 70 12 . 76 20922 23 . 21 4 . 04 1 35 41 . 8 7 7210x5 41 . 5 254x133 62 10 x5 23 0 . 73 0 . 66 12 . 34 190 . 25 14 25 3 93 1 . 07 38. 1 5 . 4538 254x130 57 10 x5 . 13 0 . 63 0 . 66 11 . 30 181 . 58 13 . 33 4 . 01 1 09 36 . 3 5 2034 . 5 254x128 51 10 x5 03 0 . 52 0 . 66 10 26 172 . 91 12 . 40 4 . 10 1 10 34 . 6 4 . 9310x4 50 34 254x114 51 10 x4 . 49 0 . 49 0 . 66 10 . 11 155 . 32 9 . 14 3 . 92 0 . 95 31 . 1 4 0731 . 5 254x112 47 10 x4 . 41 0 . 41 0 . 66 9. 37 149 07 8 . 67 3 . 99 96 29. 8 3 . 9329 254x111 43 10 x4 . 38 0 . 38 0 . 66 8 . 63 146 . 40 8 45 4 . 12 0 . 99 29 . 3 3 86 62 229x182 92 9 x7 . 16 0 . 92 0 . 81 18 . 45 226 60 47 . 62 3 . 50 1 61 50 .4 13 . 358 229x179 86 9 x7 03 0 . 79 0 . 81 17 . 25 218 . 52 45 00 3 56 1 . 62 48 . 6 12 . 854 229x175 80 9 x6 . 90 0 . 66 0 . 81 16 . 06 210 . 44 42 . 40 3 . 62 1 62 46 . 8 12 . 39x3 . 75 26 229x 95 39 9 x3 75 0 . 50 0 . 50 7 . 74 89 . 02 4 . 38 3 39 0 . 75 19 . 8 2 3424 25 229x 94 36 9 x3 . 69 0 . 44 0 . 50 7 . 22 85 . 50 4 . 13 3 . 44 0 . 76 19 . 0 2 . 2422 . 5 229x 92 34 9 x3 . 63 . 38 . 50 6 . 70 82 . 04 3 . 90 3 . 50 0 . 76 18 . 2 2 158x6 38 203x154 57 8 x6 . 05 0 . 55 0 . 62 11 . 30 117 . 34 21 . 93 3 . 22 1 . 39 29 . 3 7 2536 203x152 54 8 x5. 98 . 48 . 62 10 . 71 114 . 14 21 . 01 3 . 26 1 40 28 . 5 7 . 0334 203x150 51 8 x5. 90 0 . 40 0 . 62 10 . 12 110 . 99 20 . 24 3 . 31 1 . 41 27 . 7 6 868x5 34 203x130 51 8 x5 . 12 . 56 0 . 62 10 . 12 100 . 98 13 . 71 3 . 16 1 16 25 . 2 5 . 36

31 . 25 203x127 47 8 x5. 01 0 45 0 . 62 9 . 30 96 . 58 12 87 3 . 22 1 . 18 24 . 1 5 . 14


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28 5 2 3x125 42 8 x4 91 35 62 848 92 23 2 7 3 3 19 23 4 928x4 28 2 3x1 5 42 8 x4 13 53 56 8 33 78 93 6 17 3 8 86 19 7 2 9925 2 3x1 2 37 8 x4 2 42 56 7 44 74 17 5 63 3 16 87 18 5 2 822 2 3x 99 33 8 x3 91 31 56 6 55 69 4 5 22 3 26 89 7 4 2 677x3 75 22 178x 98 33 7 x3 87 49 46 6 55 47 29 4 15 2 69 8 13 5 2 142 178x 96 3 7 x3 78 41 46 5 95 44 89 3 86 2 75 81 2 8 2 418 178x 94 27 7 x3 7 32 46 5 36 42 43 3 57 2 81 82 12 1 936 25x3 5 2 159x 91 3 6 25x3 57 45 5 5 95 35 7 3 43 2 43 76 11 2 9218 159x 88 27 625x3 47 36 5 5 36 33 11 3 22 2 49 78 1 4 1 86 6 159x 86 24 6 25x3 38 26 5 4 76 31 18 2 87 2 56 78 9 93 76x5 28 152x131 42 6 x5 14 64 5 8 33 45 64 1 75 2 34 14 15 2 4 1826 152x128 39 6 x5 4 54 5 7 73 43 84 1 7 2 38 1 14 14 6 424 152x126 36 6 x4 94 44 5 7 14 42 4 9 44 2 43 15 14 3 826x3 17 152x 79 25 6 x3 9 39 5 5 6 27 55 2 21 2 33 66 9 18 1 4316 152x 77 24 6 x3 4 34 5 4 76 26 69 2 9 2 37 66 8 9 1 3815 152x 76 22 6 x2 99 29 5 4 46 25 77 98 2 4 67 8 59 326x2 14 152x 55 21 6 x2 15 47 38 4 16 18 59 67 2 11 4 6 2 6212 25 152x 53 8 6 x2 7 39 38 3 65 7 12 58 2 17 4 5 7 561 5 152x 51 16 6 x 99 31 38 3 12 15 64 5 2 24 4 5 21 555 x2 12 138x 53 8 5 5 x2 1 42 38 3 57 14 18 6 99 41 5 15 5711 138x 52 16 5 5 x2 4 36 38 3 27 13 41 55 2 2 41 4 88 541 138x 51 15 5 5 x 99 31 38 2 97 12 65 5 2 6 41 4 5 55x5 28 127x132 42 5 x5 2 64 625 8 33 32 5 11 24 96 16 12 8 4 3225 5 127x128 38 5 x5 5 49 625 7 58 3 49 1 21 2 1 16 12 2 4 423 127x125 34 5 x4 9 33 625 6 82 289 9 2 2 6 1 16 11 6 3 765x4 5 26 127x117 39 5 x4 62 62 58 7 74 29 24 9 35 94 1 11 7 4 523 75 127x113 35 5 x4 43 43 58 7 7 27 32 8 53 1 97 1 1 1 9 3 8521 5 127x111 32 5 x4 35 35 58 6 39 2644 7 77 2 3 1 1 6 3 575x3 17 127x 83 25 5 x3 25 5 46 5 6 18 22 2 46 1 9 7 7 28 5115 25 127x 8 23 5 x3 15 4 46 4 54 17 17 2 22 1 94 7 6 87 1 4113 5 127x 77 2 5 x3 4 3 46 4 2 16 9 98 2 7 6 43 34 75x1 75 1 121x 46 15 4 75x1 82 42 35 2 98 8 5 37 1 69 35 3 58 419 25 121x 45 14 475x1 77 37 35 2 76 8 8 35 71 36 3 4 48 5 121x 44 13 475x1 72 32 35 2 53 7 66 33 1 74 36 3 23 384 62x3 16 117x 84 24 4 62x3 3 55 4 4 76 14 41 2 36 1 74 7 6 23 4314 117x 81 21 462x3 17 42 4 4 17 13 35 2 6 1 79 7 5 77 312 117x 77 18 4 62x3 4 29 4 3 57 12 29 1 8 1 86 71 5 31 184x3 4 1 2x 82 21 4 x3 23 48 4 7 4 16 9 82 2 12 54 71 4 91 3112 75 1 2x 8 19 4 x3 14 39 4 7 3 79 9 32 92 1 57 71 4 66 1 2211 5 1 2x 77 17 4 x3 4 3 4 7 3 42 8 83 74 1 61 71 4 42 144x1 75 1 1 2x 5 15 4 x 98 48 35 2 97 6 7 48 43 4 3 3 488 5 1 2x 48 13 4 x 87 37 35 2 53 5 48 39 1 47 39 2 74 427 1 2x 45 1 4 x1 76 26 35 2 8 4 88 31 53 39 2 44 353 5 x3 12 5 89x 8 19 3 5 x3 14 45 3 3 72 6 8 1 93 1 35 72 3 88 1 231 75 89x 76 16 3 5 x2 99 3 3 3 2 6 26 65 1 4 72 3 58 49 89x 72 13 3 5 x2 84 15 3 2 68 5 73 39 1 46 72 3 27 9835 x1 5 7 89x 43 1 3 5 x 68 37 3 2 8 3 34 25 1 27 35 91 36 89x 41 9 3 5 x 6 28 3 78 3 4 2 31 34 1 73 255 89x 38 7 3 5 x 51 2 3 49 2 74 17 1 36 34 1 57 233x3 12 76x 8 18 3 x3 16 47 4 3 57 4 73 98 15 74 3 15 251 25 76x 76 15 3 x2 99 3 4 3 5 4 34 65 19 74 2 89 18 5 76x 71 13 3 x2 81 13 4 2 53 3 94 1 36 1 25 73 2 63 973x1 25 6 76x 38 9 3 x 49 4 25 1 75 1 94 15 5 29 1 29 25 76x 36 7 3 x1 4 31 25 5 74 12 8 28 16 17


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Notes r el at i ve toTabl e3 3Tabl e 3. 3 has been devel oped f r om i nf ormati on cont ai nedi n a Handbook prepared by Dorman Long and Companyand publ i shed i n 1887 These sect i ons ar e i n groups of t h r e e s t he mddl e secti oni n each gr oup bei ng t he bas i c s ec t i on and t he ot her twobei ng manuf act ur ed by openi ng or cl os i ng t he r o l l s I t i scl ai med that these two s p e ci a l deri ved s e c t i o ns i n eachgr oup woul d be r o l l e d t o order provi di ng t hat a s uf f i c i e n tquant i t y was s pe ci f i e d

t i s i mpossi bl e t o est i mate at t h i s dat e howoften d er i ved s e c t i o ns wer e suppl i ed f or t h i s reason the proper t i es of l l 99 s e c t i o ns are gi ven The s e c t i o ns l l had t aper f l a nge s and wer e r ounded att oe and r o o t as shown i n Fi gure 3. 7

The propert i es provi ded are based on t he f ol l ow ng

Note I nf ormati on r e l a t i v e t o r a d i i at t oe and root has beenomtted as of l i t t l e i n t e r e s t t o t he user Fi gure 3 7 orman Long eamNot e : -

I t i s i n t e r e s t i n g t o not e t h a t t he maker s name i sr o l l e d i n t o these secti ons

18

TABLE NO. 3 . 4

DORMAN LONGCHANNELS

1887

I MPERI AL UN TS Si ze i n i nches Metri c Equi val ent Approximate I nerti a on AreaDepthxBreadthxThi ckness D x B x t mm Mass/ ft axi s YY i ns mm l bs i ns4 i ns212 OOx3 00xO . 44 305x76xl l 22 . 44 4 51 6 . 6012 OOx3 00xO. 56 305x76x14 27 . 54 5 35 8 . 1010 00x3 00x0 . 37 254x76x10 20 91 4 . 24 6 1510. 00x300x0 . 50 254x76x13 24 . 14 4 . 94 7 . 109 .OOx3. 00xO. 37 229x76x10 18 . 60 4 . 29 5 . 479.OOx3. 00xO. 50 229x76x13 22 . 44 4 . 82 6 . 609 .OOx2.50xO. 37 229x64x10 17 . 78 2 . 49 5 . 239 .OOx2.50xO. 50 229x64x13 21 . 62 2 . 72 6 . 367 .OOx3. 00xO. 37 178x76x10 16 . 42 4 . 16 4 . 837 .OOx3. 00xO. 50 178x76x13 19 . 41 4 . 83 5 . 716 .OOx3. 87xO. 50 152x98x13 23 . 80 10 . 27 7 . 006 .OOx3. 87xO. 62 152x98x16 26 . 52 13 . 07 7 . 806 OOx2 . 87xO. 44 152x73xl l 16 . 25 3 . 62 4 . 786 OOx2 . 87xO. 56 152x73x14 18 . 80 4 . 17 5 . 535 12x2 . 87xO. 44 l 30x73xl l 16 . 49 4 . 04 4 . 855 12x2 . 87xO. 56 l 30x73xl4 18 . 02 4 . 43 5 . 304 50x2 . 00xO. 56 114x51x14 14 . 96 1 . 61 4 . 404 50x2 00xO . 69 114x51x17 16 . 93 2 11 4 . 984 50x1 75xO . 44 114x44xl l 10 . 64 0 75 3 . 134 50x1 75xO . 56 114x44xl 4 12 . 75 93 3 . 754 OOx3 00xO . 37 102x76x10 17 . 00 4 . 44 5 . 004 OOx3 00xO . 50 102x76xl 3 18 . 70 5 . 47 5 . 503 50xl 50xO . 37 89x38x10 6 . 46 0 . 62 1 903 . 50x150xO . 50 89x38xl 3 9 . 93 0 . 77 2 . 92Note: - Assumed val ues as i nformati on i n handbookappears i ncorrectMass/uni t l ength based on 1 sq. i n of steel wei ghi ng3 . 4 l bs/ ft No detai l s are avai l abl e of I xx for these secti ons


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Figure 38 Angl e Secti ons

TABLE NO 3 . 5 LIST OF DORMAN LONG EQUAL ANGLES 1887I MPER AL UN TS See separate page for notes TABLE NO 3 . 6 LIST OF DORMAN LONG UNEQUAL ANGLES 1887I MPER AL UN TS See separate page for notesNormal Si ze i n i ns Normal Si ze i n i ns Speci al Si ze i n i ns x x Thi ckness A x x Thi ckness A x B x Thi ckness8 OOx8 xl . 00 3 OOx3 xO. 68 4 37x4 37xO. 758 OOx8 xO. 75 3 OOx3 xO. 43 4 37x4 37xO. 568 OOx8 xO. 50 3 OOx3 xO. 25 4 37x4 37xO. 376 OOx6 x1. 00 2 75x2 75xO. 62 4 OOx4 xO. 756 OOx6 xO. 75 2 75x2 75xO. 43 4 OOx4 xO. 566 OOx6 xO. 50 2 75x2 75xO. 25 4 OOx4 xO. 375 50x5 5 x1. 00 2 50x2 5 xO 62 3 5 x3 5 xO. 755 50x5 5 xO. 75 2 50x2 5 xO. 43 3 5 x3 5 xO. 565 50x5 5 xO. 50 2 50x2 5 xO. 25 3 5 x3 5 xO. 375 OOx5 xO. 87 2 25x2 25xO. 50 3 OOx3 xO. 625 OOx5 xO. 62 2 25x2 25xO. 37 3 OOx3 xO. 465 OOx5 xG. 43 2 25x2 25xO. 25 3 OOx3 xO. 314 75x4 75xO. 87 2 OOx2 xO. 37 2 75x2 75xO. 564 75x4 75xO. 62 2 OOx2 xO. 28 2 75x2 75xO. 314 75x475xO. 37 2 OOx2 00xO. 18 2 5 x2 5 xO. 624 5 x450xO. 87 75x1 75xO. 37 2 5 x2 5 xO. 504 5 x450xO. 62 75x1 75xO. 284 5 x450xO. 37 75x1 75xO. 184 OOx400x0 . 68 5 x1 50xO. 314 OOx400xO. 50 5 x1 50xO. 214 OOx400xO. 31 5 xl 50xO. 123 5 x350xO. 75 25x1 25xO. 313 5 x350xO. 50 25x1 25xO. 213 5 x350xO. 31 25x1 25xO. 123 25x325xO. 75 OOx1 00xO. 253 25x325xO. 50 OOx1 00xO. 143 25x325xO. 31 OOx1 00x0 . 09 Note : - Normal sizes have sharp external corner as 1 i n Fi g . 3 . 8 whi l st speci al si zes have roundedexternal corner as 2 i n Fi g . 3 . 8 Thi s enabl es

speci al secti on t o nest i n normal secti on

Si ze i n i ns Si ze i n i ns Si ze i n i nsA x B x Thi ckness A x B x Thi ckness A x B x Thi cknessl O 00x6 x1. 00 6 OOx3 xO 75 4 x3. 50 x0 . 8710 00x6 00x0 . 62 6 OOx3 xO 56 4 x3. 50 x0 . 6210 00x6 x . 56 6 OOx3 xO 37 4 x3. 50 x0 . 378 OOx4 75x1. 00 5 50x4 xO 87 4 x3. 00 x0 . 758 OOx4 75xO. 75 5 50x4 xO 62 4 x3. 00 x0 . 538 OOx4 75xO. 50 5 50x4 00xO 37 4 x3. 00 x0 . 317 OOx4 xO. 87 5 50x3 50x0 81 3 5 x3. 00 x0 . 687 OOx4 xO. 65 5 50x3 50xO 59 3 5 x3. 00 x0 . 507 OOx4 xO. 43 5 50x3 5 xO 37 3 5 x3. 00 x0 . 317 OOx3 00xO. 75 5 50x3 OOxO 75 3 50x2 . 50 x0 . 627 OOx300xO. 56 5 50x3 xO 56 3 50x2 . 50 x0 . 467 OOx300xO. 37 5 50x3 xO 37 3 50x2 . 50 x0 . 316 5 x450x1 . 00 5 OOx400xO. 81 3 50xO 43x175xO. 3 76 5 x450xO. 68 5 OOx400xO. 59 3 50xO 37x175xO. 3 16 5 x450xO. 43 5 OOx400xO. 37 3 50xO 31xl 75x . 2 56 5 x400xO. 81 5 OOx350xO. 75 3 00x2 75 x0 . 686 5 x400xO. 62 5 OOx350xO. 53 3 00x2 75 x0 . 466 5 x400xO. 43 5 OOx350xO. 31 3 x2 75 x0 . 256 5 x300xO. 75 5 OOx300xO. 75 3 x2 5 x0 . 626 5 x300xO. 56 5 OOx300xO. 53 3 x2. 50 x0 . 436 5 x300xO. 37 5 OOx300xO. 31 3 x2. 50 x0 . 256 OOx500x1 . 00 4 5 x400xO. 87 3 x2. 00 x0 . 566 OOx500xO. 68 4 5 x400xO. 62 3 x2. 00 x0 . 406 OOx500xO. 43 4 5 x400xO. 37 3 x2. 00 x0 . 256 OOx400xO. 87 4 5 x350xO. 87 2 5 x2. 00 x0 . 506 OOx400xO. 62 4 5 x350xO. 62 2 5 x2. 00 x0 . 376 OOx400xO. 37 4 5 x350xO. 37 2 5 x2. 00 x0 . 256 OOx350xO. 87 4 5 x300xO. 75 2 x1. 50 x0 . 376 OOx3 50xO. 62 4 5 x300xO. 53 2 x1. 50 x0 . 286 OOx350xO. 37 4 5 x300xO. 31 2 x1. 50 x0 . 18


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Notes r e l a t i v e t o Tabl es 3 5 and3 6These tabl es l i s t the i mper i al s i z es of equal and unequalangl es gi ven i n t he Dormn LongCo 1887 handbook

I t can be assumd that mnyof these secti ons were a v i labl e i n both i ron or s t ee l and that they mst have been i nuse f or somt i me pr i or t o 1887The des i gn proper t i es of t hese angl es are not gi ven i nthe handbook Many si zes however were i ncl uded i n t he1962 Br i t i sh St andard 4and the proper ti es canbe obtai nedf romTabl e Nos 3 26 and3 27 gi ven l a t e r The proper ti esof other si zes can be approximted f romt hese tabl es orcal cul ated as f ol l ows : i gnori ng t he r oot and toe r a d i iNote: i ze i n BS41962 has been sel ected so that t heapproximati oncan be comaredw t h t he l i s t e d

Note: Approximti onw t hi n 1 of l i s t e d val ues

2

Fi gur e 9 Examle of Angl e


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TABLE NO 3 7 PROPERTIES OF BEAMS TOBR TI SH STANDARD 4 1903 IMPER AL UN TS See separate page f or notesRef Si ze Approximate Metri c Equi val ent Thi ckness Area Mom of I nert Rad of Gyr Sec ModNo D x B Mass/f t D x B Mass/m Web Flange X 1X Y Y X X Y Y X X Y Y

i ns l bs mm kg i ns i ns2 i ns4 i ns i ns3BSB 1 3 x1 50 4 0 76x 38 6 0 16 0 25 1 18 1 66 0 12 1 19 0 33 1 11 0 17BSB 2 3 x3 8 5 76x 76 13 0 20 0 33 2 50 3 79 1 26 1 23 0 71 2 53 0 84BSB 3 4 x1 75 5 0 102x 44 7 0 17 24 1 47 3 67 0 19 1 58 0 36 1 84 0 22BSB 4 4 x3 9 5 102x 76 14 0 22 0 34 2 80 7 53 1 28 1 64 0 68 3 76 0 85BSB 5 4 75x1 75 6 5 12l x 44 10 0 18 0 33 1 91 6 77 0 26 1 88 0 37 2 85 0 30BSB 6 5 x3 11 0 127x 76 16 0 22 38 3 24 13 6 1 46 2 05 0 67 5 45 0 97BSB 7 5 x4 50 18 0 127x114 27 0 29 0 45 5 29 22 7 5 66 2 07 1 03 9 08 2 51BSB 8 6 x3 12 0 152x 76 18 26 35 3 53 20 2 1 34 2 40 0 62 6 74 0 89BSB 9 6 x4 50 20 0 152x114 30 0 37 0 43 5 88 34 7 5 41 2 43 0 96 11 6 2 40BSB 10 6 x5 25 0 152x127 37 0 41 52 7 35 43 6 9 11 2 44 1 11 14 5 3 64BSB 11 7 x4 16 0 178x102 24 0 25 0 39 4 71 39 2 3 41 2 89 0 85 11 2 1 71BSB 12 8 x4 18 0 203x102 27 0 28 40 5 30 55 7 3 57 3 24 0 82 13 9 1 79BSB 13 8 x5 28 0 203x127 42 0 35 0 58 8 24 89 4 10 3 3 29 1 12 22 3 4 10BSB 14 8 x6 35 0 203x152 52 0 44 0 60 10 29 110 6 17 9 3 28 1 32 27 6 5 98BSB 15 9 x4 21 0 229x102 31 0 30 0 46 6 18 81 1 4 20 3 62 0 82 18 0 2 10BSB 16 9 x7 58 0 229x178 86 0 55 0 92 17 06 229 7 46 3 3 67 1 65 51 05 13 20BSB 17 10 x5 30 0 254x127 45 0 36 0 55 8 82 145 7 9 78 4 06 1 05 29 14 3 91BSB 18 10 x6 42 0 254x152 63 0 40 0 74 12 36 211 6 22 9 4 14 1 36 42 32 7 64BSB 19 10 x8 70 0 254x203 104 0 60 0 97 20 58 345 0 71 6 4 09 1 87 69 01 17 9BSB 20 12 x5 32 0 305x127 48 0 35 0 55 9 41 220 1 9 74 4 84 1 02 36 69 3 90BSB 21 12 x6 44 0 305x152 66 0 40 72 12 95 315 4 22 3 4 94 1 31 52 57 7 42BSB 22 12 x6 54 0 305x152 80 0 50 0 88 15 88 375 6 28 3 4 86 1 33 62 60 9 43BSB 23 14 x6 46 0 356x152 69 0 40 0 70 13 53 440 6 21 6 5 71 1 26 62 95 7 20BSB 24 14 x6 57 0 356x152 85 0 50 0 87 16 77 533 1 27 9 5 64 1 29 76 16 9 31BSB 25 15 x5 42 0 381x127 63 0 42 0 65 12 35 428 2 11 9 5 89 0 98 57 09 4 78BSB 26 15 x6 59 0 381x152 88 0 50 88 17 35 629 1 28 2 6 02 1 28 83 88 9 40BSB 27 16 x6 62 0 406x152 92 0 55 0 85 18 23 726 0 27 1 6 31 1 22 90 74 9 02BSB 28 18 x7 75 0 457x178 112 0 55 0 93 22 07 1150 0 46 6 7 22 1 45 127 7 13 30BSB 29 20 x7 50 89 0 508x191 132 0 60 1 01 26 16 1671 0 62 6 7 99 1 55 167 1 16 70BSB 30 24 x7 50 100 0 610x191 149 0 60 1 07 29 39 2655 0 66 9 9 50 1 51 221 2 17 80


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TABLE NO 3 8 PROPERTIES OF BEAMS TO BR TI SH STANDARD 4 1921

TABLE NO 3 10

PROPERTIES OF SPEC AL BEAM TO BR TI SH STANDARD 4

1932

IMPER AL UN TS See separate page f or notesRef Si ze Approximate Metri c Equi val ent Thi ckness Area Mom of I nert Rad of Gyr Sec Mod No D x B Mass/ft D x B Mass/m Web Flange X X Y Y X X Y Y X X Y Y

i ns l bs mm kg i ns i ns2 i ns4 i ns i ns3NBSB 1 3 x1 50 4 76x38 6 0 16 0 25 1 18 1 66 0 13 1 19 0 33 1 11 017NBSB 2 4 x1 75 5 102x44 7 0 17 0 24 1 47 3 66 19 1 58 0 36 1 83 0 21NBSHB 1 4 x3 10 102x76 15 0 24 0 35 2 94 7 79 1 33 1 63 0 67 3 89 0 88NBSB 3 4 50x2 7 114x51 10 0 19 0 32 2 06 6 65 0 38 1 80 0 43 2 96 0 38NBSB 4 5 x2 50 9 127x64 13 0 20 0 35 2 65 10 9 79 2 03 0 55 4 36 0 63NBSHB 2 5 x4 50 20 127x114 30 29 0 51 5 88 25 0 6 59 2 06 1 06 10 0 2 93NBSB 5 6 x3 12 15206 18 0 23 0 38 3 53 21 0 1 46 2 44 0 64 7 00 0 97NBSHB 3 6 x5 25 152x127 37 33 0 56 7 35 45 2 9 88 2 48 1 16 15 1 3 95NBSB 6 7 x3 50 15 178x89 22 0 25 0 40 4 42 35 9 2 41 2 85 0 74 10 3 1 38NBSB 7 8 x4 18 203x102 37 0 28 0 40 5 30 55 9 3 51 3 24 0 81 13 9 1 75NBSHB 4 8 x6 35 203x152 52 35 0 65 10 30 115 1 19 54 3 34 1 38 28 8 6 51NBSB 8 9 x4 21 229x102 31 0 30 0 46 6 18 81 1 4 15 3 62 0 82 18 0 2 07NBSHB 5 9 x7 50 229x178 74 40 0 83 14 71 208 1 40 17 3 76 1 65 46 25 11 48NBSB 9 10 x4 50 25 254x114 37 0 30 0 51 7 35 122 3 6 49 4 08 0 94 24 47 2 88NBSHB 6 10 x6 40 254x152 60 36 0 71 11 77 204 8 21 76 4 17 1 36 40 96 7 25NBSHB 7 10 x8 55 254x203 82 0 40 0 78 16 18 288 7 54 74 4 22 1 84 57 74 13 69NBSB 10 12 x5 30 305x127 45 0 33 0 51 8 83 206 9 8 77 4 84 1 00 34 49 3 51NBSHB 8 12 x8 65 305x203 97 0 43 0 90 19 12 487 8 65 18 5 05 1 85 81 30 16 30NBSB 11 13 x5 35 330x127 52 35 0 60 10 30 283 5 10 80 5 25 1 03 43 62 4 33NBSB 12 14 x5 50 40 356x140 60 37 0 63 11 77 377 1 14 80 5 66 1 12 53 87 5 38NBSHB 9 14 x8 70 356x203 104 0 46 0 92 20 59 705 6 66 70 5 85 1 80 100 80 16 70NBSB 13 15 x6 45 381x152 67 38 66 13 24 491 9 19 90 6 10 1 23 65 59 6 62NBSB 14 16 x6 50 406x152 74 40 0 73 14 71 618 1 22 50 6 48 1 24 77 26 7 49NBSHB 10 16 x8 75 406x203 112 0 48 0 94 22 06 973 9 68 30 6 64 1 76 121 70 17 10NBSB 15 18 x6 55 457x152 82 42 0 76 16 18 841 8 23 60 7 21 1 21 93 53 7 88 NBSHB 11 18 x8 80 457x203 119 0 50 0 95 23 53 1292 0 69 40 7 41 1 72 143 60 17 40NBSB 16 20 x6 50 65 508x165 97 0 45 0 82 19 12 1226 0 32 60 8 01 1 31 122 60 10 00NBSB 17 22 x7 75 559x178 112 0 50 0 83 22 06 1677 0 41 10 8 72 1 36 152 40 11 70NBSB 18 24 x7 50 90 610x191 140 0 52 0 98 26 47 2443 0 60 40 9 61 1 51 203 60 16 10

IMPERAL UNTS See separate page f or notesReference Si ze Approx Metri c Equi val ent Thickness Area Mom of I nt Rad of Gyr Sec Mod No D x B Mass/ft D x B Mass/m Web Fl ange X X Y Y X X Y Y X XY Y

i ns I bs mm kg i ns i ns2 i ns4 i ns i ns3BSB 140 4 50 95 610x191 141 0 57 1 01 27 94 2533 0 62 5 9 52 1 50 211 1 16 7


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TABLE NO 3 . 9 PROPERTI ES OF BEAMS TO BRI TI SH STANDARD 1932

Notes r e l a t i ve t o Tabl es 3 7 to 3. 10 i nc l us i veThese t abl es l i s t most of t he proper t i es of B r i t i s h St andar dBeam over t he per i od 1903 to 1959when these secti onswere r epl aced by Uni versal Beam and Col umn secti ons Three separate i s s u es of B r i t i s h Standard 4 ar e r el evantvi z :BS41903B r i t i s h St andar d Beam w t h reference BSB [ l a t e r cl assed aso d B r i t i s h Standard Beam] shown i n Tabl e3 7 BS41921B r i t i s h St andar d Beam w t h reference NBSB and B r i t i s hSt andar d Heavy Beam and P i l l a r s w t h reference NBSHB[commonl y cl assed as newB r i t i s h St andar d Beam] showni n Tabl e 3 8 BS4 1932B r i t i s h St andar d Beam w t h reference BSB101 t o BSB140Thi s consi sted of a l i s t of s i z es taken f romboth t he 1903and 1921 r anges w t h one new sect i on onl y namlyBSB140 24 i nches x 7 / z i nches x 95l bs / f t These ar e shown i n Tabl e 3 9 and rather t han r epeatsec t i on proper t i es reference s made t o the pr evi ous tabl es However s i nce t he sect i on reference BSB140 s newthepr opert i es ar e gi ven i n Tabl e 3. 10B r i t i s h Standard 4 1903 1921 and 1932 were of coursei ssued bef or e t he adopt i on of t he met r i c system i n t heUni t ed Ki ngdom and al l propert i es were provi ded i nI mper i al uni t s

23Fi gur e 3 10

B r i t i s h Standard Beam

I MPERI AL UN TS See separate page for notes Ref Si ze Approximate Metri c Equi val ent Obtai n Properti esNo D x B Mass/ f t D x B Mass/m f r om tabl e no :i ns I bs mm k 9 _BSB 101 3 X1. 50 4 76x38 6 3 7 or 3.8BSB 102 3 x3 8 .5 76x76 13 3 .7BSB 103 4 x1.75 5 102x44 7 3 .7 or 3.8BSB 104 4 x3 10 102x76 15 3 .8BSB 105 4 75x1.75 6.5 121x44 10 3 .7BSB 106 5 x3 11 127x76 16 3 .7BSB 107 5 x4.50 20 127x114 30 3 .8BSB 108 6 x3 12 152x76 18 3.7 or 3.8BSB 109 6 x4. 50 20 152x114 30 3 .7BSB 110 6 x5 25 152x127 37 3.7 or 3.8BSB 111 7 x4 16 178x102 24 3 .7BSB 112 8 x4 18 203x102 27 3 .7 or 3.8BSB 113 8 x5 28 203x127 42 3 .7BSB 114 8 x6 35 203x152 52 3.7 or 3.8BSB 115 9 x4 21 229x102 31 3 .7 or 3.8BSB 116 9 x7 50 229x178 74 3 8BSB 117 10 x4.50 25 254x114 37 3 .8

BSB 118 10 x5 30 254x127 45 3 7BSB 119 10 x6 40 254x152 60 3.8BSB 120 10 x8 55 254x203 82 3.8BSB 121 12 x5 32 305x127 48 3.7BSB 122 12 x6 44 305x152 66 3.7BSB 123 12 x6 54 305x152 69 3 .7BSB 124 12 x8 65 305x203 97 3.8BSB 125 13 x5 35 330x127 52 3 .8BSB 126 14 x6 46 356x152 69 3 .7BSB 127 14 x6 57 356x152 85 3.7BSB 128 14 x8 70 356x203 104 3.8BSB 129 15 x5 42 381x127 63 3 .7BSB 130 15 x6 45 381x152 67 3 .8BSB 131 16 x6 50 406x152 74 3 .8BSB 132 16 x6 62 406x152 92 3.7BSB 133 16 x8 75 406x203 112 3 .8BSB 134 18 x6 55 457x152 82 3 .8BSB 135 18 x7 75 457x178 112 3.7BSB 136 18 x8 80 457x203 119 3 .8BSB 137 20 x6.50 65 508x165 97 3.8BSB 138 20 x7 .50 89 508x191 132 3 .7BSB 139 22 x7 75 559x178 112 3 .8BSB 140 24 x7 .50 95 610x191 141 3 .10


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TABLE NO 3 . 11 PROPERTIES OF UN VERSAL BEAMS TOBS4 PART 1 1962/1963 Seri al Si ze Mass/f t Depth Breadth Metr i c Equi val ent Thi ckness Area Mom of I nert Rad of Gyr Sec Mod DTD B D x B Mass/m Wb Fl ange X X Y Y X X Y Y X X Y Yl bs i ns i ns mm kg i ns i ns2 i ns4 i ns i ns336x16 . 50 260 36 . 24 16 . 56 920x421 388 0 . 85 1 . 44 76 . 8 17230 1021 15. 0 3 . 7 951 123 25230 35 . 88 16 . 48 911x419 343 0 . 77 1 . 26 67 . 7 14990 870 . 9 14 . 9 3 . 6 836 106 2936x12 194 36 . 48 12 . 12 927x308 289 0 . 77 1 . 26 57 . 1 12100 355 . 4 14 .6 2 . 5 664 58. 7 29170 36. 16 12 . 03 919x306 253 0 . 68 1 . 10 50 .0 10470 300 . 6 14. 5 2 . 5 579 50 .0 33150 35 . 84 11 . 97 910x304 224 0 . 63 0 . 94 44 . 2 9012 250. 4 14 . 3 2 . 4 503 41. 8 38 135 35. 55 11 . 94 903x303 201 0 . 60 0 . 80 39 . 7 7801 207 . 4 14. 0 2 . 3 439 34 . 7 4533x11 . 50 152 33 50 11 . 57 851x294 226 0 . 64 1 . 06 44 . 7 8148 256. 1 13 . 5 2 . 4 486 44 . 3 32130 33 . 10 11 . 51 841x292 194 0 . 58 0 . 86 38 . 3 6699 201 . 4 13 . 2 2 . 3 405 35 . 0 39

118 32 . 87 11 . 48 835x292 176 0 . 55 0 . 74 34 . 7 5896 178 . 8 13 . 0 2 . 2 359 29. 8 4430x10 . 50 132 30 . 30 10 . 55 770x268 197 0. 62 1 . 00 38 . 8 5753 185 . 0 12. 2 2 . 2 380 35 . 1 30116 30 . 00 10 . 50 762x267 173 0 . 56 0 . 88 34 . 1 4919 153. 2 12 . 0 2 . 1 328 29. 2 35 99 29 . 68 10 . 44 754x265 147 0 . 51 0 . 69 29 . 1 4049 120 . 2 11. 8 2 . 0 273 23 . 0 4327x10 114 27 . 28 10 . 07 693x256 170 0 . 57 0 . 93 33 . 5 4081 149. 6 11 . 0 2 . 1 299 29. 7 29102 27 . 07 10 . 02 688x255 152 0 . 52 0 . 83 30 . 0 3604 129 . 5 11. 0 2 . 1 266 25 . 9 3394 26 . 91 9 . 99 684x254 140 0 . 49 0 . 75 27 . 7 3267 115. 1 10 . 9 2 . 0 243 23 . 0 36 84 26 . 69 9 . 96 678x253 125 0 . 46 0 . 64 24 . 7 2828 95 . 9 10. 7 2 . 0 212 19 . 3 4224x12 160 24 . 92 12 . 26 633x312 238 0 . 73 1 . 24 47 . 1 4979 359. 7 10 . 3 2 . 8 400 58. 7 20120 24 . 31 12 . 09 618x307 179 0 . 56 0 . 93 35 . 3 3635 254 . 0 10. 2 2 . 7 299 42 . 0 26100 24. 00 12 . 00 610x305 149 0 . 47 0 . 78 29. 4 2987 203 . 6 10 . 1 2 . 6 249 33 . 9 3124x9 94 24 . 29 9 . 06 617x230 140 0 . 52 0 . 87 27 . 6 2683 102 . 2 9 . 9 1 . 9 221 22 . 6 2884 24. 09 9 . 02 612x229 125 0 . 47 0 . 77 24 .7 2364 88 . 3 9 . 8 1 . 9 196 19. 6 3176 23 . 91 8 . 99 607x228 113 0 . 44 0 . 68 22 . 4 2096 76 . 5 9 . 7 1 . 9 175 17 .0 35 68 23 . 71 8 . 96 602x228 101 0 . 42 0 . 58 20 .0 1815 63 . 9 9 . 5 1 . 8 153 14 . 3 4121x13 142 21 . 46 13 . 13 545034 212 0 . 66 1 . 10 41 . 8 3404 386 . 0 9 . 0 3 . 0 317 58 . 8 20127 21 . 24 13 . 06 540x332 189 0 . 59 0 . 99 37 . 4 3018 338 . 6 9 . 0 3 . 0 284 51 .8 22112 21 . 00 13 . 00 533x330 167 0 . 53 0 . 87 33 . 0 2621 289. 7 8 . 9 3 . 0 250 44 . 6 2421x8. 25 82 21. 44 8 . 34 545x212 122 0. 50 0 . 84 24 .1 1828 77 . 1 8 . 7 1 . 8 171 18. 5 2673 21. 24 8 . 30 540x211 109 0 . 46 0 . 74 21 . 5 1600 66 . 2 8 . 6 1 . 8 151 16 . 0 2968 21 . 13 8 . 27 537x210 101 0 . 43 0 . 69 20 .0 1478 60 . 4 8 . 6 1 . 7 140 14 .6 3162 20 . 99 8 . 24 533x209 92 0 . 40 0 . 62 18 . 2 1327 53 . 1 8 . 5 1 . 7 126 12 . 9 34 55 20 . 80 8 . 22 528x209 82 0 . 38 0 . 52 16 . 2 1138 43 . 9 8 . 4 1 . 7 109 10 .7 4018x7 . 50 66 18 . 40 7 . 59 467x193 98 0 . 45 0 . 77 19 . 4 1097 53 . 2 7 . 5 1 . 7 119 14 . 0 2460 18 . 25 7 . 56 464x192 89 0 . 42 0 . 70 17 . 6 984 . 0 47 . 1 7 . 5 1 . 6 108 12 . 5 2655 18 . 12 7 . 53 460x191 82 0 . 39 0 . 63 16 . 2 889 . 9 42 . 0 7 . 4 1 . 6 98 . 2 11 . 1 2950 18 . 00 7 . 50 457x191 74 0 . 36 0 . 57 14 . 7 800 . 6 37 . 2 7 . 4 1 . 6 89 . 0 9 . 9 32 45 17 . 86 7 . 48 454x190 67 0 . 33 0 . 50 13 . 2 704 . 8 31 . 9 7 . 3 1 . 6 78 . 9 8 . 5 3618x6 55 18 . 31 6 . 04 465x154 82 0 . 42 0 . 74 16 . 2 868 . 7 26 . 3 7 . 3 1 . 3 94 . 9 8 . 7 2550 18 . 16 6 . 01 461x153 74 0 . 39 0 . 67 14 . 7 777 . 9 23 . 1 7 . 3 1 . 3 85 . 7 7 . 7 2745 18 . 00 5 . 98 457x152 67 0 . 36 0 . 59 13 . 2 685 . 2 19 . 9 7 . 2 1 . 2 76 . 1 6 . 7 3116x7 50 16 . 25 7 . 07 413x180 74 0 . 38 0 . 63 14 . 7 655 . 4 34 . 8 6 . 7 1 . 5 80 . 7 9 . 8 2645 16 . 12 7 . 04 409x179 67 0 . 35 0 . 56 13 . 2 583 . 3 30 . 5 6 . 6 1 . 5 72 . 4 8 . 7 2940 16 . 00 7 . 00 406x178 60 0 . 31 0 . 50 11 . 8 515 . 5 26 . 5 6 . 6 1 . 5 64 . 4 7 . 6 3236 15 . 85 6 . 99 403x178 54 0 . 30 0 . 43 10 . 6 446 . 3 22. 1 6 . 5 1 . 5 56 . 3 6 . 3 3716x6 50 16 . 39 6 . 05 416x154 74 0 . 40 0 . 71 14 . 7 647 . 2 25 . 1 6 . 6 1 . 3 79 . 0 8 . 3 2345 16 . 23 6 . 02 412x153 67 0 . 37 0 . 63 13 . 2 571 . 8 21 . 8 6 . 6 1 . 3 70 . 5 7 . 3 2640 16 . 06 5 . 99 408x152 60 0 . 34 0 . 55 11 . 8 495 . 4 18 . 5 6 . 5 1 . 3 61 . 7 6 . 2 2916x5. 50 31 15 . 84 5 . 61 402x142 46 0 . 27 0 . 44 9 . 1 374 . 9 12 . 0 6 . 4 1 . 2 47 . 3 4 . 3 36


25/80

26 1564 5 58 397x142 39 0 25 0 34 7 6 298 1 9 0 6 3 1 1 38 1 3 2 4615x6 45 15 30 6 08 389x154 67 0 38 064 13 2 5112 22 7 6 2 13 66 8 7 5 2440 1515 6 04 385x153 60 34 0 57 11 8 4476 19 6 6 2 1 3 591 6 5 27

35 15 00 6 00 381x152 52 0 31 0 49 10 3 385 5 16 5 6 1 1 3 51 4 5 5 3114x6 75 45 14 33 6 82 364x173 67 0 36 062 13 2 4681 30 7 6 0 1 5 653 9 0 2338 14 12 6 78 359x172 57 0 31 0 51 11 2 385 3 24 6 5 9 1 5 54 6 7 3 2834 14 00 6 75 356x172 51 0 29 045 10 0 3392 21 3 5 8 1 5 48 5 6 3 3130 1386 6 73 352x171 45 0 27 0 38 8 8 2896 17 5 5 7 1 4 41 8 5 2 3614x5 26 13 89 4 96 353x126 39 0 26 042 7 6 2416 8 0 5 6 1 0 34 8 3 2 33

22 1372 4 94 349x125 33 0 23 0 34 6 5 196 2 6 2 5 5 1 0 28 6 2 5 4112x6 50 36 12 24 6 57 311x167 54 0 31 054 10 6 2808 23 7 5 2 1 5 45 9 7 2 2331 1209 6 53 307x166 46 0 27 0 47 9 1 238 4 198 5 1 1 5 39 4 6 1 2627 11 96 6 50 304x165 40 0 24 040 8 0 2042 18 6 5 1 1 4 34 1 5 1 3012x5 32 12 22 4 93 310x125 48 0 35 0 55 94 2279 10 5 4 9 1 1 37 3 4 3 2228 12 07 4 89 307x124 42 0 31 048 8 2 1952 8 8 4 9 1 0 32 3 3 6 2525 11 96 4 86 304x124 37 0 28 0 42 7 4 1716 7 6 4 8 1 0 28 7 3 1 2812x4 22 12 31 4 03 313x102 33 0 26 0 42 6 5 1557 4 6 4 9 0 84 25 3 2 3 29 19 12 16 4 01 309x102 28 0 24 035 5 6 130 1 3 7 4 8 0 81 21 4 1 8 35 16 5 12 00 4 00 305x102 25 0 23 0 27 4 9 1053 2 8 4 7 076 17 5 1 4 4510x5 75 29 10 22 5 80 260x147 43 029 0 50 8 5 138 1 15 2 4 3 1 3 30 8 5 3 2025 10 08 5 76 256x146 37 0 25 0 43 7 4 1332 127 4 3 1 3 26 4 4 4 2321 990 5 75 252x146 31 024 0 34 6 2 106 3 9 7 4 1 1 3 21 5 3 4 2910x4 19 10 25 4 02 260x102 28 0 25 0 39 5 6 96 2 4 2 4 1 0 86 18 8 2 1 26 17 1012 4 01 257x102 25 0 24 033 5 0 81 8 3 5 4 1 0 83 16 2 1 7 31 15 10 00 4 00 254x102 22 0 23 0 27 4 4 68 8 2 8 4 0 0 80 13 8 1 4 378x525 20 814 5 27 207x134 30 0 25 038 5 9 692 8 5 3 4 1 2 17 0 3 2 2217 8 00 5 25 203x133 25 023 0 31 5 0 56 4 6 7 3 4 1 2 14 1 2 6 26

See separate page f or notes Secti ons wth i n

1963 addendum


26/80

TABLE N0 3 12 PROPERTIES OF UN VERSAL COLUMNS TOBS4 PART 1 1962See separate page for notes Seri al Si ze Mass ft Depth Breadth Metri c Equi val ent Thi ckness Area Mom of I nert Rad of Gyr Sec Mod DTD B D x B Mass m Web Flange X X Y Y X X Y Y X XY Yl bs i ns i ns mm kg i ns i ns2 i ns4 i ns i ns314x16 426 18 69 16 70 475x424 634 88 3 03 125 3 6610 2360 7 3 4 3 707 283 6370 17 94 16 48 456x419 551 1 66 2 66 108 8 5454 1986 7 1 4 3 608 241 7314 17 19 16 24 437x412 467 42 2 28 92 3 4399 1631 6 9 4 2 512 201 8264 16 50 16 03 419x407 393 1 21 1 94 77 6 3526 1331 6 7 4 1 427 166 9228 16 00 15 87 406x403 340 05 1 69 67 1 2942 1125 6 6 4 1 368 142 10193 15 50 1571 394x399 287 0 89 1 44 56 7 2402 930 1 6 5 4 1 310 118 11158 15 00 15 55 381x395 235 0 73 1 19 46 5 1901 745 0 6 4 4 0 253 95 8 13Column Core 320 16 81 16 71 427x424 477 1 89 2 09 94 1 3714 1635 6 6 4 2 493 196 814x14 50 136 14 75 14 74 375x374 202 0 66 1 06 40 0 1593 567 8 6 3 3 8 216 77 0 14119 14 50 14 65 368x372 177 57 0 94 35 0 1373 491 8 6 3 3 8 189 67 1 16103 14 25 14 58 362x370 153 0 50 0 81 30 3 1166 419 7 6 2 3 7 164 57 6 1887 14 00 14 50 356x368 129 0 42 0 69 25 6 966 9 349 7 6 2 3 7 138 48 2 2012x12 190 14 38 12 67 365x322 283 1 06 1 74 55 9 1893 589 7 5 8 3 3 263 93 1 8161 13 88 12 52 353x318 240 0 91 1 49 47 4 1542 486 3 5 7 3 2 222 77 7 9133 13 38 12 37 340x314 198 0 76 1 24 39 1 1221 389 9 5 6 3 2 183 63 1 11106 12 88 12 23 327x311 158 0 62 0 99 31 2 930 7 300 9 5 5 3 1 145 49 2 1392 12 62 12 16 321x309 137 0 55 0 86 27 1 788 9 256 4 5 4 3 1 125 42 2 1579 12 38 12 08 315x307 118 0 47 0 74 23 3 663 1 216 4 5 3 3 1 107 35 8 1765 12 12 12 00 308x305 97 0 39 0 61 19 1 533 4 174 6 5 3 3 0 88 0 29 1 2010x10 112 11 38 10 42 289x265 167 0 76 1 25 32 9 718 7 235 4 4 7 2 7 126 45 2 989 10 88 10 28 276x261 132 0 62 1 00 26 2 542 4 180 6 4 6 2 6 99 7 35 2 1172 10 50 10 17 267x258 107 0 51 0 81 21 2 420 7 141 8 4 5 2 6 80 1 27 9 1360 10 25 10 08 260x256 89 0 42 0 68 17 7 343 7 116 5 4 4 2 6 67 1 23 1 1549 10 00 10 00 254x254 73 0 34 0 56 14 4 272 9 93 0 4 4 2 5 54 6 18 6 188x8 58 8 75 8 22 222x209 86 0 51 81 17 1 227 3 74 9 3 7 2 1 52 0 18 2 1148 8 50 8 12 216x206 71 0 41 0 68 14 1 183 7 60 9 3 6 2 1 43 2 15 0 1240 8 25 8 08 210x205 60 0 37 0 56 11 8 146 3 49 0 3 5 2 0 35 5 12 1 1535 8 12 8 03 206x204 52 0 32 0 49 10 3 126 5 42 5 3 5 2 0 31 1 10 6 1731 8 00 8 00 203x203 46 0 29 0 43 9 1 109 7 37 0 3 5 2 0 27 4 9 2 196x6 25 6 37 6 08 162x154 37 0 32 45 7 4 53 3 17 0 2 7 5 16 7 5 6 1420 6 20 6 02 158x153 30 0 26 0 37 5 9 41 9 13 4 2 7 1 5 13 5 4 5 1715 7 6 00 6 00 152x152 23 0 24 0 27 4 6 30 3 9 7 2 6 5 10 1 3 2 22


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TABLE NO 3 . 13 I MPER AL PROPERTIES OF EXTRA BEAMS TO BS4 PART 1 1962/1972TABLE NO. 3 . 16

AMENDMENT No 1 TO BS4

1975

Seri al Si ze Mass/ft Depth Breadth Metr i c Equi val ent Thi ckness Area Mom of I nert Rad of Gyr Sec Mod D TD B D x B Mass/m Web Flange X X Y Y X X Y Y X X Y Y

l bs i ns i ns mm kg i ns i ns2 i ns4 i ns i ns324x7 61 23 . 72 7 . 02 603x178 91 0 . 42 0 . 59 18. 0 1537 34. 3 9 . 3 1 . 4 129 . 6 9 . 8 4055 23 . 55 7 . 00 598x178 82 0 . 40 0 . 50 16 . 2 1340 28 . 9 9 . 1 1 . 3 113 . 8 8 . 3 4721x6 . 50 49 20 . 82 6 . 52 529x166 73 0 . 37 0 . 53 14 . 4 970 . 9 24. 7 8 . 2 1 . 3 93. 3 7 . 6 3944 20 . 66 6 . 50 525x165 66 0 . 35 0 . 45 13 . 0 842 . 9 20 . 7 8 . 1 1 . 3 81 . 6 6 . 4 4618x6 40 17 . 90 6 02 455x153 60 0 . 32 0 . 52 11 . 8 611 . 8 19. 1 7 . 2 1 . 3 68. 4 6 . 3 3435 17 . 71 6 . 00 450x152 52 0 . 30 0 . 43 10. 3 512 . 8 15 . 5 7 . 1 1 . 2 57 . 9 5 . 2 41

I mperi al Metri cSeri al Si ze Mass Del ete f romTable No Seri al Si ze Mass24x 7 x 61 l bs/f t 3 . 13 and 3 . 14 6lOxl78x 91 kg/m24x 7 x 55 l bs/f t 3 . 13 and 3 . 14 6lOxl 78x 82 kg/m21x13 x142 l bs/f t 3 . 11 and 3 . 14 533x330x212 kg/m21x13 x127 l bs/f t 3 . 11 and 3 . 14 533x330xl 89 kg/m21x13 x112 l bs/f t 3 11 and 3 . 14 533x330xl 67 kg/m21x 6 50x 49 l bs/f t 3 . 13 and 3 . 14 533xl65x 73 kg/m21x 6 50x 44 l bs/f t 3 . 13 and 3 . 14 533xl65x 66 kg/m16x 6 x 50 l bs/f t 3 11 and 3 . 14 406x152x 74 kg/m16x 6 x 45 l bs/f t 3 11 and 3 . 14 406x152x 67 kg/m16x 6 x 40 l bs/f t 3 11 and 3 . 14 406xl52x 60 kg/m15x 6 x 45 l bs/f t 3 . 11 and 3 . 14 381xl52x 67 kg/m15x 6 x 40 l bs/ ft 3 11 and 3 . 14 381xl52x 60 kg/m15x 6 x 35 l bs/f t 3 11 and 3 . 14 381xl52x 52 kg/m


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TABLE NO 14 PROPERTIES OF UNVERSAL BEAMS TO BS4 PART 1 1972See separate page f or notesSeri al Si ze Mass/m Depth Breadth Imperi al Equi val ent Thi ckness Area Mom of I nert Rad of Gyr Sec Mod D TD B D x B Mass/f t Web Fl ange X X Y Y X X Y Y X X Y Y

kg mm mm i ns l bs mm cm2 cm4 cm cm3914x419 388 920 5 420 5 36 2x16 6 260 21 5 36 6 494 717300 42480 38 1 9 3 15590 2021 25343 911 4 418 5 35 9x16 5 230 19 4 32 0 437 623900 36250 37 8 9 1 13690 1733 29914x305 289 926 6 307 8 365x12 1 194 19 6 32 0 369 503800 14790 37 0 6 3 10870 961 3 29253 918 5 305 5 36 2x12 0 170 17 3 27 9 323 435800 12510 36 8 6 2 9490 819 2 33224 910 3 304 1 358x12 0 150 15 9 23 9 285 375100 10430 36 3 6 1 8241 685 6 38201 903 0 303 4 35 6x11 9 135 15 2 20 2 256 324700 8632 35 6 5 8 7192 569 1 45838x292 226 850 9 293 8 33 5x11 6 152 16 1 26 8 288 339100 10660 34 3 6 1 7971 725 9 32194 840 7 292 4 33 1x11 5 130 14 7 21 7 247 278800 8384 33 6 5 8 6633 573 6 39176 834 9 291 6 32 9x11 5 118 14 0 18 8 224 245400 7111 33 1 5 6 5879 487 6 44762x267 197 769 6 268 0 30 3x10 6 132 15 6 25 4 251 239500 7699 30 9 5 5 6223 574 6 30173 762 0 266 7 30 0x10 5 116 14 3 21 6 220 204700 6376 30 5 5 4 5374 478 1 35147 753 9 265 3 29 7x10 4 99 12 9 17 5 188 168500 5002 30 0 5 2 4471 377 1 43686x254 170 692 9 255 8 27 3x10 1 114 14 5 23 7 216 169800 6225 28 0 5 4 4902 486 8 29152 687 6 254 5 27 1x10 0 102 13 2 21 0 194 150000 5391 27 8 5 3 4364 423 7 33140 683 5 253 7 26 9x10 0 94 12 4 19 0 178 136000 4789 27 6 5 2 3979 577 5 36125 677 9 253 0 26 7x10 0 84 11 7 16 2 159 117700 3992 27 2 5 0 3472 515 5 42610x305 238 633 0 311 5 24 9x12 3 160 18 6 31 4 304 207300 14970 26 1 7 0 6549 961 3 20179 617 5 307 0 24 3x12 1 120 14 1 23 6 228 151300 10570 25 8 6 8 4901 688 6 26149 609 6 304 8 24 0x12 0 100 11 9 19 7 190 124300 8471 25 6 6 7 4079 555 9 31610x229 140 617 0 230 1 24 3x 9 1 94 13 1 22 1 178 111700 4253 25 0 4 9 3620 369 6 28125 611 9 229 0 24 l x 9 0 84 11 9 19 6 159 98410 3676 24 8 4 8 3217 321 1 31113 607 3 228 2 23 9x 9 0 76 11 2 17 3 144 87260 3184 24 6 4 7 2874 279 1 35101 602 2 227 6 23 7x 9 0 68 10 6 14 8 129 75550 2658 24 2 4 5 2509 233 6 41610x178 91 602 5 178 4 23 7x 7 0 61 10 6 15 0 116 63970 1427 23 5 5 2124 160 0 4082 598 2 177 8 23 6x 7 0 55 10 1 12 8 104 55780 1203 23 1 3 4 1865 135 3 47533x330 212 545 1 333 6 21 5x13 1 142 16 7 27 8 270 141700 16060 22 9 7 7 5199 963 2 20189 539 5 331 7 21 2x13 1 127 14 9 25 0 241 125600 14090 22 8 7 6 4657 849 6 22167 533 4 330 2 21 0x13 0 112 13 4 22 0 213 109100 12060 22 6 7 5 4091 730 3 24533x210 122 544 6 211 9 21 4x 8 3 82 12 8 21 3 156 76080 3208 22 1 4 5 2794 302 8 26109 539 5 210 7 21 2x 8 3 73 11 6 18 8 138 66610 2755 21 9 4 5 2469 261 5 29101 536 7 210 1 21 l x 8 3 68 10 9 17 4 129 61530 2512 21 8 4 4 2293 239 2 31

92 533 1 209 3 21 Ox 8 2 62 10 2 15 6 118 55230 2212 21 7 4 3 2072 211 3 2482 528 3 208 7 20 8x 8 2 55 9 6 13 2 104 47360 1826 21 3 4 2 1793 175 0 40533x165 73 528 8 165 6 20 8x 6 5 49 9 3 13 5 93 0 40410 1027 20 8 3 1528 124 1 3966 524 8 165 1 20 7x 6 5 44 8 8 11 5 83 6 35080 863 20 5 2 1337 104 5 46457x191 98 467 4 192 8 18 4x 7 6 66 11 4 19 6 125 45650 2216 19 1 4 2 1954 229 9 2489 463 6 192 0 18 3x 7 6 60 10 6 17 7 114 40960 1960 19 0 4 2 1767 204 2 2682 460 2 191 3 18 l x 7 5 55 9 9 16 0 104 37040 1746 18 8 4 1 1610 182 6 2974 457 2 190 5 18 Ox 7 5 50 9 1 14 5 94 9 33320 1547 18 7 4 0 1458 162 4 3267 453 6 189 9 17 9x 7 5 45 8 5 12 7 85 4 29340 1328 18 5 4 0 1293 139 9 36457x152 82 465 1 153 5 18 6x 6 0 55 10 7 18 9 104 4 36160 1093 18 6 3 2 1555 142 5 8574 461 3 152 7 18 2x 6 0 50 9 9 17 0 94 9 32380 963 18 5 2 1404 126 1 2767 457 2 151 9 18 Ox 6 0 45 9 1 15 0 85 3 28520 829 18 3 1 1248 109 1 3160 454 7 152 9 17 9x 6 0 40 8 0 13 3 75 9 25460 794 18 3 2 1120 104 0 3452 449 8 162 4 17 7x 6 0 35 7 6 10 9 66 5 21350 645 17 9 1 949 0 84 6 41406x178 74 412 8 179 7 16 3x 7 1 50 9 7 16 0 94 9 27280 1448 17 0 9 1322 161 2 26


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67 4 9 4 178 8 16 l x 7 45 8 8 14 3 85 4 2428 1869 16 9 3 9 1186 141 9 296 4 6 4 177 8 16 Ox7 0 4 7 8 12 8 76 1 2152 11 8 16 8 3 8 1 59 124 7 3254 4 2 6 177 6 159x 7 36 7 6 1 9 68 3 1858 922 16 5 3 7 922 8 1 3 8 374 6x152 74 416 3 153 7 16 4x 6 1 5 1 1 18 1 94 8 2694 1 47 16 9 3 3 1294 136 2 2367 412 2 152 9 16 2x6 45 9 3 16 0 85 3 238 9 8 16 7 3 3 1155 118 8 266 4 7 9 152 2 16 l x 6 4 8 6 13 9 75 8 2 52 768 16 5 3 2 1 11 1 9 294 6x14 46 4 2 3 142 4 15 8x5 6 31 6 9 11 2 58 9 56 5 16 3 9 775 6 7 3 3639 397 3 141 8 15 6x5 6 26 6 3 8 6 49 3 1241 373 15 9 2 8 624 7 52 6 46381x152 67 388 6 154 3 15 3x6 1 45 9 7 16 3 85 4 2128 947 15 5 3 3 1 95 122 7 246 384 8 153 4 15 2x 6 0 4 8 7 14 4 75 9 1863 814 15 7 3 3 968 4 1 6 2 2752 381 152 4 15Ox 6 35 7 8 12 4 66 4 16 5 685 15 8 3 2 842 3 9 31356x171 67 364 0 173 2 14 3x 6 8 45 9 1 15 7 85 3 1948 1278 15 1 3 9 1 71 147 6 2357 358 6 172 1 14 l x6 8 38 8 13 72 1 16 4 1 26 14 9 3 8 894 3 119 2 2851 355 6 171 5 14 Ox 6 8 34 7 3 11 5 64 5 1412 885 14 8 3 7 794 1 3 3 3145 352 171 13 9x6 7 3 6 9 9 7 56 9 12 5 73 14 6 3 6 684 7 85 4 36356x127 39 352 8 126 0 13 9x 5 26 6 5 1 7 49 3 1 5 333 14 3 6 57 52 9 3333 348 5 125 4 13 7x4 9 22 5 9 8 5 41 7 8167 257 14 2 5 468 7 41 0 413 5x165 54 31 9 166 8 12 2x 6 6 36 7 7 13 7 68 3 1169 988 13 1 3 8 751 8 118 5 2346 3 7 1 165 7 12 l x6 5 31 6 7 11 8 58 8 99 24 825 13 3 7 646 4 99 5 264 3 3 8 165 1 12 Ox6 5 27 6 1 1 2 51 4 85 691 12 9 3 7 559 6 83 7 33 5x127 48 31 4 125 2 12 2x 4 9 32 8 9 14 0 6 8 9485 438 12 5 7 611 1 69 9 2242 3 6 6 124 3 12 l x4 9 28 8 12 1 53 1 8124 367 12 4 2 6 53 0 59 0 2537 3 3 8 123 5 12 Ox 4 9 25 7 2 1 7 47 4 7143 316 12 3 6 47 3 51 1 283 5x1 2 33 312 7 1 2 4 123x 4 0 22 6 6 1 8 41 8 6482 189 12 5 2 1 414 6 37 2928 3 8 9 1 1 9 12 2x 4 19 6 1 8 9 36 3 5415 153 12 2 2 1 35 7 3 3525 3 4 8 1 1 6 12 Ox 4 0 16 5 5 8 6 8 31 4 4381 116 11 8 9 287 5 22 9 45254x146 43 259 6 147 3 1 2x 5 8 29 7 3 12 7 55 6546 633 1 9 3 4 5 4 3 86 0 237 256 0 146 4 1 l x 5 8 25 6 4 1 9 47 4 5544 528 1 8 3 3 433 1 72 1 2331 251 5 146 1 9 9x5 8 21 6 1 8 6 39 9 4427 4 6 1 5 3 2 352 1 55 5 29254x1 2 28 26 4 1 2 1 1 3x 4 19 6 4 1 36 2 4 4 174 1 3 2 3 7 6 34 1 2625 257 1 1 9 1 l x 4 0 17 6 1 8 4 32 1 34 4 144 1 3 1 264 9 28 2 3122 254 0 1 1 6 I O Ox4 0 15 5 8 6 8 28 4 2863 116 1 0 2 0 225 4 22 8 372 3x133 3 2 6 8 133 8 8 l x5 3 2 6 3 9 6 38 288 354 8 7 3 1 278 5 52 9 2225 2 3 2 133 4 8 Ox 5 3 17 5 8 7 8 32 3 2348 28 8 5 2 9 231 1 41 9 26


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TABLE NO 3 15 PROPERTIES OF UNVERSAL COLUMNS TO BS4 PART 1972See separate page for notes Seri al Si ze Mass/m Depth Breadth Imperi al Equival ent Thi ckness Area Mom of I nert . Rad of Gyr . Sec Mod. DTD B D x B Mass/f t Web Fl ange X X Y Y X X Y Y X X Y Y kg mm mm i ns l bs mm cm2 cm4 cm cm3356x406 634 474 7 424 1 18 7x16 7 426 47 6 77 0 808 1 275100 98210 18 5 11 0 11590 4632 6551 455 7 418 5 17 9x16 5 370 42 0 67 5 701 8 227000 82670 18 0 10 9 9964 3951 7467 436 6 412 4 17 2x16 2 314 35 9 58 0 595 5 183100 67910 17 5 10 7 8388 3293 8393 419 1 407 0 16 5x16 0 264 30 6 49 2 500 9 146800 55410 17 1 10 5 7004 2723 9340 406 4 403 0 16 0x15 9 228 26 5 42 9 432 7 122500 46820 16 8 10 4 6027 2324 10287 393 7 399 0 15 5x15 7 193 22 6 36 5 366 0 99990 38710 16 5 10 3 5080 1940 11235 381 0 395 0 150x15 6 158 18 5 30 2 299 8 79110 38000 16 2 10 2 4153 1570 13Column Core 477 427 0 424 4 16 8x16 7 320 48 0 53 2 607 2 172400 68060 16 8 10 6 80