INTRODUCTION TO INTRODUCTION TO MLT429MLT429

By the end of this module, you should be By the end of this module, you should be able to answer the following questions.. and able to answer the following questions.. and

more..more..Nucleotides? Composition?Nucleotides? Composition?Central dogma of genetics ?Central dogma of genetics ?Protein synthesis?Protein synthesis?Mitosis/meiosis?Mitosis/meiosis?Disorders due to genetic variation?Disorders due to genetic variation?Sources and conseq of mutations ?Sources and conseq of mutations ?Current trends in molecular medicine?Current trends in molecular medicine?Recombinant DNA technologyRecombinant DNA technology

HISTORY OF MEDICAL HISTORY OF MEDICAL GENETICSGENETICS

Gregor Mendel Gregor Mendel 1822-18841822-1884 An An Austrian scientistAustrian scientist

who conducted who conducted research in a research in a Czechoslovakian Czechoslovakian monastery.monastery.

Established the Established the basis of basis of modern genetic modern genetic science. science.

Objective = understand Objective = understand how physical traits are how physical traits are passed from a parent passed from a parent to its offspring. to its offspring.

                                   

Thomas Hunt Morgan 1866-1945

Drosophilia

He bred a single white-eyed male fly with a red-eyed female.

Result = All the offspring produced by this union male/female had red eyes.                          

Morgan then bred these male and female siblings

Result = some offspring red eyes and some with white

All of the flies with All of the flies with white eyes were males.white eyes were males. Theory = Theory = genes,genes, arranged on the arranged on the

chromosomes,chromosomes, carry hereditary factors carry hereditary factors that are expressed in different that are expressed in different combinations. combinations.

1933 = Nobel Prize for his discovery of 1933 = Nobel Prize for his discovery of "hereditary transmission mechanisms in "hereditary transmission mechanisms in DrosophiliaDrosophilia."."

Francis Harry Compton CrickFrancis Harry Compton CrickJames Dewey WatsonJames Dewey Watson

1916 19281916 1928

double helix structure..

Explanation of how the DNA molecule duplicates itself by forming a sister strand to complement each single, ladder-like DNA template.1962 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine                                   

BiotechnologyBiotechnology Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer 1973Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer 1973

Recombinant DNA techniques: isolation and Recombinant DNA techniques: isolation and amplification of genes, or DNA segments, and amplification of genes, or DNA segments, and insertion them into another cell.insertion them into another cell.

1982 = researchers produced human insulin : 1982 = researchers produced human insulin : the first commercial application of recombinant the first commercial application of recombinant DNA technology.DNA technology.