History and Environmental Influence

on Library Media Programs

Early Education in the United States

Individualized – headmaster led students in copying materials

19th Century

Lancasterian System – ability grouped and rote learning

Societies formed to provide free education

20th Century

Creation of kindergarten adjustments to legal age for leaving

school Changes in length of school day and term

Early Education

Edward L. Thorndike human nature depended on learning advocated stimulus-response environment satisfying stimulus produced a satisfying

response

John Dewey

learners react to their environment solve problems posed from their

environment no more drill and practice or straight rows

of desks goal was to learn rather than memorize

“Modern-Day Approach”

William Heard Kirkpatrick students execute the assignment through

problem solving teachers responsible for beginning the

activity and evaluating the results

Maria Montessori teachers focus on sensory perceptions of

learners teachers provide opportunity and

encouragement Students expand their interest in learning

through the freedom to investigate

1919

Focus on individualized instruction returns

Winnetka Plan in Illinois Dalton Plan in Massachusetts

students were tested students proceeded at different rates

depending on their individual ability students were re-tested to check for

progress Group work accepted, BUT emphasis on

individual learning

America 2000

set of national education goals transform the U.S. in “A Nation of

Students” make learning a lifelong endeavor

Coalition of Essential Schoolsintellectual focus, simple goals, universal

goals,personalization, student as a worker,

student exhibitions, attitude, staff, budget

Standards for the 21st Century Learner

School libraries are essential to the development of learners’ skills,

resources, and tools.

Learners:

1. Inquire, think critically, and gain knowledge

2. Draw conclusions, make informed decisions, apply knowledge to new situations, and create new knowledge

3. Share knowledge and participate ethically and productively as members of our democratic society

4. Pursue personal and aesthetic growth

Library Media Specialists

role has changed with the rapid changes in technology

dismissal of any learning occurring outside of the classroom has made it difficult for library media specialists to collaborate with teachers

integral part of school leadership team

Library Media Program

mission is to ensure that students and teachers are effective users of ideas and information provide intellectual and physical access to

materials in all formats provide instruction to foster competence

and stimulate interest in reading, viewing, and using information and ideas

work with educators to design learning strategies to meet the needs of individual students

Leadership Provided by Library Media Specialists

Library media specialists should: lead, collaborate with, and assist

teacher in applying principles of instructional design

be an effective manager of programs

initiative to place resources into the curriculum

build joint relationship with teachers

History of Library Media Centers

first professionally trained librarian appointed in 1900

1920’s – regional accrediting agencies required high school libraries with a trained librarian

1960 – AASL received grant from Knapp Foundation to help in development of school libraries

1960 & 1962 – AASL received grants from Knapp Foundation to help in development of school libraries

1965 – Elementary and Secondary Education Act – funds were placed in Title II for library materials

Keith Nance demonstrated value of school library media specialists in the achievement of students

School Libraries and Public Libraries

There should be a strong communication between the school library and the

community public library.

School Libraries

Public Libraries

* integrate learning resources and references into the curriculum* curriculum-oriented programs* students are a captive audience

* research centered to serve the needs of all the community clientele* wide range of reading * varied program possibilitiesGreat partnerships let you reach out

dynamically and work with a wide variety of partners

within the school library and public library.

Summary

The evolution of education and school library media programs has been a

long, yet successful, journey.

ResourcesPartners in Success: When school and public librarians join forces, kids win | School Library Journal. (n.d.). School Library Journal | The world's largest reviewer of books, multimedia, and technology for children and teens. Retrieved April 8, 2013, from http://www.slj.com/2013/01/programs/partners-in-success-when-school-and-public librarians-join-forces-kids-win/

Woolls, B. (2008). The School Library Media Center in Today's Global Environment. The school library media manager (4th ed., pp. 1-18). Westport, Conn.: Libraries Unlimited.

Sharon Smithssmith7027@myasu.alasu.edu