history, haryana history, history of haryana
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8/12/2019 History, Haryana History, History of Haryana
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+ History of Haryana
On 1 Nov, 196 6 Haryana was carved out from the state Punjab. Haryana state was formed on the recommendation of the Sardar Hukam
Singh Parliamentary Committee. The formation of this commi ttee was announced in the Parliament on 23 September 1965. On 23
April , 1966 , acti ng on the recom mend atio n of th e Hukam Si ngh Committee, the Indian government set up the Shah Commission
under the chairmanship of Justice J. C. Shah, to divide a nd set up the boundaries of Panjab and Haryana. The commi ssion gave i ts
report on 31 May, 1966. According to this report the then districts of Hissar , Mahendragarh , Gurgaon , Rohtak , and K arnal were to be
a part of the new state of Haryana. Further the Tehsils of Jind (district Sangrur), Narwana (district Sangrur) Naraingarh , Ambala and
Jagadhari were also included. The commission recommended tha t Tehsil Kharar (including Chandi garh) should al so be a part fo
Haryana. The city of Chandigarh , also a Punjabi speaking area of district Rupnagar was made a union territory to serve as capital of
both these states. Chandigarh was due to transfer to state of Punja b in 1986, according to the Rajiv-Longowal Accord , bu t the transfer
has been delayed pendi ng an agreement on which parts of the Hindi speaking areas of Abohar and Fazilka , currently part of Firozpur
District of Punj ab, that should be transferred to Haryana in exchange.
Vedic Period
Many settlements dating back to the Indus Valley Civilization ha ve been found a long river Saraswati bed, at Naurangabad and
Mittathal in Bhi wani District , Kunal , in Fatehabad District , Agroha and Rakhigarhi i n Hisar District , Rukhi in Rohtak District and
Banawali i n Sirsa District . The ancien t Vedic civili zation also flourished on the banks of the Saraswati, and the hymns of Rigveda werecomposed here. In some ancient Hindu texts, the boundaries of Kurukshetra correspond roughly to the state of Haryana. Thus according
to the T aittiriya Aranyaka 5.1.1., the Kurukshetra region is south of T urghna (Srughna/Sugh in Sirhind , Punjab ), north of Khandava (
Delhi a nd Mewat region), e ast of M aru (desert) and west of Par in. Mahaharata , the great epic of India m entions Haryana as
Bahudhhanyaka , 'land of plentiful grains' and Bahudhana , 'land of immense riches'. Several places mentioned i n Mahabharata
correspond to modern day cities in Haryana: Prithudaka ( Pehowa ), Tilprastha (Tilpu t), Panprastha ( Panipat ) and Sonprastha (
Sonipat ). Gurgaon refers to the village of the Guru Dronacharya . The great battle between the Kauravas and the Pand avas took place
near the city of Kurukshetra . Krishna preached the Bha gvad Gita to the reluctant Arjuna there. .For eighteen days following that,
armies from all over India b attled in the plain s of Kurukshetra to decide who sits on the throne of Hastinapur . Maharaja Agrasen is said
to have established a fl ourishing city of merchants at Agroha near modern Hisar . Legend has it that anyone wishing to settle in the city
was given a brick and a rupee by each of the city's lakh residents. Thus, they would have enough bricks to build a house and en ough
money to start a business of their own.
Medieval Period
After ou sting the Huns , king Harshavardhana e stablished h is capital at T hanesar near K urukshetra i n the 7th cen tury AD. Afte r his
death, the kingdom di sintegrated. The region, however, remained strategically i mportant for the rulers of Delhi, as it lay in the path of invaders from the northwest. Prithviraj Chauhan established a fort at Hansi in the 12th century. Muhammad Ghori conquered this area
in the Second Battle of Tarain . Following hi s death, the Delhi Sul tanate was established that ruled much of India for several centuries.
The earliest reference to 'Hariana' occurs in a Sanskrit inscription dated 132 8 AD kept in Delhi Mu seum, which refers to this region as
The heaven on earth , indicating that i t was fertile and relatively peaceful at that time. Firoz Shah Tug hlaq established a fort at Hisar
in 1354 to further fortify the region, and also constructed canals or rajwahas as they were referred to in the Indo-Persian historical texts.
The three fam ous battles of Panipat took place near the modern town of Pan ipat . T he first battle took place in 1526, where Babur ,
the ruler of Kabul defeated Ibrahim Lodi of the Delhi Sultanate , through the use of field artil lery . This battle marked the beginn ing of
the Mughale mpire in Indi a. In the second battle of Panipat ( November 5 , 1556 ), Akbar 's general Bairam Khan de feated Hemu , and
paved the way for Akbar's reign. The T hird Battle of Pani pat was fought in 1761 between the Afghan warlord Ahmad Shah Abdal i and
the Marathas under Sadashivrao Bhau of Pun e. Ahmad Sha h won decisively, on January 13 , 1761
British Raj
During the British Raj , most of Haryana formed part of the Punjab province. Some parts were ruled by the princely states of Loharu ,
Nabha , Jind and Pati ala . During the Indian rebellion of 1 857 , several leaders from this region, including Rao Tula Ram ,
participated actively. Later, during the Indian Freedom fight people from Haryana took part actively and fought a lot of battl es with
them. A l ot of battle s were fought by not onl y the Kings of territories but by the farmers also. British army was defeated at a lot of
places. Some most important fights were from Sonipat , Rohtak , Sirsa and Hissar. In Sirsa the famous battle of Chormar was fought.
Later, leaders like Sir Chhotu Ram played an im portant role in the poli tics of the Punjab province. Rao Tula Ram was one of the most
important leaders of the 1857 revolt .
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