History - How do we know about it?

So we get evidence• From artefacts – objects that were used

at the time• From pictures, paintings • From treaties, laws and other written

material, like diaries• From books written later• From oral records – more use in later

history once ways to record sound was invented

What kind of evidence?• We call it primary evidence if it an

artefact or picture or something from the time itself

• It is secondary evidence if it was produced later

• But we always have to be aware that opinion can creep in

• And so can bias!

Opinion and bias• are not necessarily bad• provided you know to look out for it• it can tell you a lot more about the

person and the society they live in than the words by themselves

• and always remember the saying– “History was written by the victors”!

What did this tell us?• “Newcastle were so lucky on Saturday.

The superb and skilful Man United players were beaten by the lucky, cheating Newcastle players.

• The referee needed glasses. • He allowed five goals that were all

offside. • I have never seen so much luck and

cheating.”

Henry hoped Becket would be able to control the church courts.

He got a shock!

However, Becket soon began excommunicating all Henry’s supporters!

Four knights heard this, and decided to carry out the King’s wishes. On 29th December 1170, four knights burst into Canterbury Cathedral. They demanded Becket take back the excommunications. Becket calmly refused. The knights tried to drag Becket from the Cathedral. Becket could not be moved. They cut and killed him with repeated sword blows.

Henry flew into a rage shouting, ‘Who will rid me of this troublesome priest?’

What do you think would be good area to look at?

What and when were the earliest weapons?

How do we know about them?

How were castles defended?

All about gunpowder and the weapons and

the problems with making them work?

How were castles attacked?

What were the advantages and disadvantages of a Motte and

Bailey castle?

What about the Greeks

at war?

What about the Romans

at war?

Warfare & Weapons

The LakotaWhat can you remember?

Winter count

Make sure you know about their houses, clothes, food and

artefacts. Also about their society (how they lived) including how the

children were brought up, hierarchy (who was important and who was not), marriage etc. Also what they believed in and how they believed the earth and all things on it should be treated

The TlingitWhat can you remember?

Make sure you know about their houses, clothes, food and

artefacts. Also about their society (how they lived) including how the

children were brought up, hierarchy (who was important and who was not), marriage etc. Also what they believed in and how they believed the earth and all things on it should be treated

The battles of the Plains before Little

Bighorn?What can you remember?

What did Colonel Chivington and 800 men

do on Nov 29, 1864?

Gold was found in the Rocky mountains

Who were camping at

Sand Creek?

Who said "Kill and scalp all, big and little;

nits make lice."

The Fetterman Massacre of

1866

Colonel Fetterman boasted that, given "80 men," he "would ride

through the Sioux nation."

So what happened?

The Battle of Little Bighorn?What happened?

June 1876 General Philip Sheridan was sent to make the Lakota should be sent back to their reservation

The Plan: Gibbon was to march up the Little Bighorn

river. Lt Colonel George Custer was to march

round the Wolf mountains, as part of a two-pronged attack on the Sioux camp

The Fort Laramie Treaty 1851 promised what?

But in 1875 the Gold miners arrive where?

What did Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse think about that? What did they do?

What happened then?

How do we know about the civilization in the Indus

Valley about 2000BC?

What do we know about them?

What was it like?

How do we know?

What kind of thing did they

make?

Who did they sell it to?What did they

eat?

What do we know about the work of

archaeologists?What methods do they use to find

out about things?PS Do look at the last PowerPoint

about the loo in Canterbury – it will help!

Remember words like excavate, a dig, aerial photograph, triangulation, stratum, the different kinds of archaeologists, e.g.

environmental archaeologists