history of astronomy views of the solar system. how did all of space start? no one knows for sure,...
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History of AstronomyViews of the Solar System
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How did all of SPACE start?No one knows for sure, but it’s
believed that…
Between 10 to 20 billion years ago the entire universe was smashed into a TINY atomic dot. It was so hot that it exploded causing the Big Bang, the birth of the universe.
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What did it look like?
At first, the universe was a very hot,fireball of expanding, cooling gas. After about one million years the gas started to condense to form the objects in the sky.
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How did different views of solar system and theories about what was going on
in outer space develop and change over the years?
Let’s start with Aristotle…
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Aristotle (Air-u-stot-ul)
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Aristotle:
The “Grandfather of Science”
Believed in the “Geocentric Model”
Thought the planets and stars moved around Earth in perfect circles
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Geocentric Model
“Geo” means Earth
+ “centric” means center
-----------------------------------
= Earth-centered model
Geocentric means everything revolves around EARTH…weird!
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What technology did Aristotle use?
• Naked eye
• Observed Earth is a sphere
• No telescopes!
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Where was Aristotle from?
When did he make his observations?
Scientist from Greece
350 B.C.
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Ptolemy (toll-u-me)
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Ptolemy
He believed in the GEOCENTRIC MODEL (Earth-centered)
Predicted the positions the planets are in now
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What technology did Ptolemy use?
• Naked eye
• No telescopes!
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Where was Ptolemy from?
When did Ptolemy make his observations?
Greek
astronomer
140 A.D.
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Geocentric Model
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Copernicus (cu-per-ni-cus)
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Copernicus• “Founder of Modern Astronomy”
• Believed in Earth’s rotation on its axis once each day
AND
• that Earth revolves around the Sun once a year. This is known as the HELIOCENTRIC MODEL.
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Heliocentric Model
• “HELIO” means Sun + “CENTRIC” means center = Sun-centered model
• This was radical, new thinking and not easily accepted by other scientists
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What technology did Copernicus use?
Naked eye
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Where was Copernicus from?
When did Copernicus make his observations?
From Poland
Lived more than 100 years later, in the 1500s…1543 A.D.
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Galileo
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Galileo:Discovered Jupiter’s 4 largest moons
Used the telescope to prove Copernicus was correct…the Sun is the center of our Solar System (Heliocentric)
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Galileo also…
• Observed that we can see phases like our moon when we look at Venus!
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What technology did Galileo use?
TELESCOPE!
Made a telescope that could enlarge objects up to 20 times! WOW…that’s not much… It is less than most binoculars today!
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Where was Galileo from?
When did he make his observations?
Scientist from Italy
Lived 100 years after Copernicus – 1610 A.D.
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Heliocentric Model
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Tycho Brahe (Teek-O)
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Tycho Brahe
• Made careful observations
• Recorded positions of the planets
• Believed in Heliocentric Model
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What technology did Tycho use?
Naked eye
Tycho’s Observatory
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Where was Tycho from?
When did he make his observations?
From Denmark
Late 1500’s
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Kepler
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Kepler• Used Tycho’s data to find elliptical orbits of
the planets (not perfect circles!)
• Heliocentric Model
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What technology did Kepler use?
• Naked eye
• Math calculations
• Telescope
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Where was Kepler from?
When did he make his observations?
• From Germany
• Worked in the 1500-1600s