History

of

Educational Technology

Maria Katryn T. Calumpang

3100 B.C., Egyptians devised a system of picture writing called hieroglyphics

A. Education during the Ancient Times:

Symbols usually represent a sound or a group of sound

Scribes , are group of men trained in the art of writing. They were the country’s

chroniclers of events

Spartans education emphasized the development of the physical body coupled

with discipline

Emperor Frederick I of Bologna

• Chartered the first University

B. Education during the Medieval Era

• Establishment of the Medieval University

• Degrees offered were expanded

• Write thesis, defend in public, before the Dean, facultas and rectors

• Created the spark in writing textbooks

• Saracen or Arabs gave a significant

contribution in the direction of education

technology is today

The aim of their

education is to search

for knowledge and the

application of scientific

facts to their daily lives.

• Their universities and library are the models in the entire Europe because the invented the printing press

• They originated the scientific method of teaching

3 Main Concerns

Intellectual Aesthetic Scientific

C. Education during the Renaissance Period

The Age of Reawakening

John Locke

Tabula Rasa

Johann Amos Comenius

First picture book

Pioneer in instructional technology

Use multi-sensory materials to

teaching which is still use in

Montessori schools of today

Maria Montessori

D. Education during the Age of Naturalism

Jean Jacques Rousseau

preservation of the natural goodness of the individual

Aim of Education

the formation of society based upon the recognition of natural individual rights

Johann Herbart

Herbartian Method of Teaching

(5 formal steps to teaching)

Preparation

Presentation

Comparison

Abstraction

Generalization

Johann Peztallozi

Believed that teaching is more effective if it proceeds from concrete to abstract

The use of actual and real objects that involve most of the senses

Friedrich Froebel

Father of kindergarten

Emphasized the use of actual objects which can be manipulated by the learners

Recommended the use of play and songs

This encouraged the writing of songs and discovery of games suited for the grades

E. Educational Movement in the 19th Century

A pragmatist

Formulated the scientific theory of learning

John Dewey

Edward Lee Thorndike

a connectionist

three primary of laws of learning

Readiness

Exercise

Effect

Readiness:

• implies a degree of concentration and eagerness

• Individuals learn best when they are physically, mentally, and emotionally ready to learn

Exercise:

• principle of exercise states that those things most often repeated are best remembered

• It is the basis of drill and practice  

• key here is that the practice must be meaningful

• principle of effect is based on the emotional reaction of the student

Effect:

• principle of effect is that learning is strengthened when accompanied by a pleasant or satisfying feeling  

• The student will strive to continue doing what provides a pleasant effect to continue learning

Development of Effective Educational Technology

1932 Educational films were used as instructional media

• After the war developments in

educational technology were seen like the

use of programmed instruction by skinner

B.F. Skinner

• The taxonomy of educational

objectives by Bloom

Benjamin Bloom

• The use of modularized instruction

F. Education in Contemporary Times

Thank You!!!