history of energy use, first look at history of temperature of the earth
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History of Energy use, First look at history of temperature of the earth. demos. C8-31 measure human work. How did we get here?. A typical person can do work at a rate of about 100 Watts (J/s) Humans “burn” energy at a rate of about 1.6x10 13 Watts. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
PHYS105: Physics for Decision Makers, Eno, F14
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History of Energy use, First look at history of temperature of the earth
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demos• C8-31 measure human work
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How did we get here?A typical person can do work at a rate of about 100 Watts (J/s)Humans “burn” energy at a rate of about 1.6x1013 Watts.World population is about 6x109 people.
The US “burns” energy at a rate of 3.3x1012 Watts.The US population is 3.2x108 people.
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How did we get here?
http://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/
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History of Energy UseTime scale World
populationState kcal/day
averagekcal/day: highest
Ratio to 1 person
106 years ago
1x106 Primitive man
2x103 2x103 1
105 years ago
2x106 fire 3x103 5x103 2.5
5000 B.C. 35x106 horse 9x103 12x103 6
1400 A.D. (after black death, and during Renaissance)
0.5x109 Water/wind/coal
15x103 26x103 13
1781 (Watt invents modern steam engine)
1.5x109 Industrial 25x103 77x103 40
1970 4x109 now 60x103 230x103 115
100 W =3.6x103kcal/day
Adapted from E. Cook, “The Flow of Energy in an Industrial Society”, Sci. Amer. 224, p. 136, 1971.
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Population Growth
fire horse water industrial
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A person-power
Demonstration of a person power (c8-13)
A person is capable of generating roughly 100 W.Memorize this number.
A typical American uses, on average, 100 person-powers, of energy.The US in total uses 30,000,000 person-power/ year.
Time scale World population
State kcal/day average
Kcal/day: highest
Ratio to 1 person
106 years ago
1x106 Primitive man
2x103 2x103
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Burning Wood, Peat, etc
prometheus
Time scale World population
State kcal/day average
Kcal/day: highest
Ratio to 1 person
105 years ago
2x106 fire 3x103 5x103 2.5
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Agriculture
• Large growth in human population
Time scale World population
State kcal/day average
Kcal/day: highest
Ratio to 1 person
5000 B.C. 35x106 horse 9x103 12x103 6
Mycene, 1600 bc
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Wind/Water
• Whale oil• Coal• Steam engine
Time scale World population
State kcal/day average
Kcal/day: highest
Ratio to 1 person
1400 A.D. 0.5x109 Water/wind 15x103 26x103 13
• Irrigation via gravity• Wind/water• Destruction of European medieval forests 1100-1500
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Industrial EraTime scale World
populationState kcal/day
averageKcal/day: highest
Ratio to 1 person
1875 1.5x109 Industrial 25x103 77x103 40
• Large scale air pollution due to coal burning
Widnes, England, late 1800s
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Modern Era: Trends
U.S. Energy Consumption by Source
115 people powers/ person
Invention of steam engine
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1900000 BCE man tames fire4000 BCE domestication of horse in Eurasian Steppes1000 BCE Chinese used coal to smelt copper0 bce greeks use waterwheels to grind grain400 ce roman's used coal in britain1100s some use of oil for illuminiation in Europe1606 ce first patent for steam engine by Jeronimo de Ayanzy Beaumont (Spain)1684 Newton publishes the Principia and modern understanding of energy beginsearth 1700s mercury thermometer invented1781 James Watt's steam engine with continuous rotative motion1800 Alesandro Volta invneted the first true battery1800 demonstration of glowing wire by Alessandro VoltaEarly 1800s early dynamos (DC generator based on magnets and a commutator)mid-1800s oil wells drilled in russia1866 Varley invented modern dynamo1867 Wheatstone and Siemens independently invent modern dynamo1870s development of statistical mechanics by Boltzmann1878 Augustin Mouchot displays solar power generator at Universal exhibition in Paris1879 first commercial viable bulb by Edison1886 invention of modern automobile by Benzlate 1800's Westinghouse develops alternating current generator1903 invention of air plane by Wright Brothers1951 first nuclear reactor to produce electricity made by Argonne Lab in Idaho (EBR-1)1954 Bell labs announces invention of first practical silicon solar cell.1960 first nuclear power plant, by Westinghousemid 1970s super fracking invented1997 Super fracking became economically viable1997 Prius went on sale in Japan1997 Kyoto protocol finalized in meeting in Japan
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History of earth’s temperature"All palaeotemps" by Glen Fergus - Own work. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons - http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:All_palaeotemps.svg#mediaviewer/File:All_palaeotemps.svg
Notice the total range is about 20 degrees C ( 36 degrees F)
But think how the environment has changed over that range of temperatures, from swamp of the Eocene age 66 million years ago, when there were forests in the artic and Antarctic, to ice age.
Land animals
Extinction of dinosaurs, formation of Chesapeake Bay
humans
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What you should know• Know the 6 approximate technological stages for energy use and the approximate year they happened.
Know approximately the ratio of power used per person compared to the power an unassisted person can generate for each era.
• Know some environmental problems that occurred during eras prior to the current one.• Know approximately the total range of temperatures seem from 500 million years ago until the present.