FIFA World Cup Competitions

History of FIFA World CupPopular Culture of Football

ORIGINSFIFA formed as early as May 21, 1904 in Paris, but no national competition except for OlympicsAs the highest football authority, FIFA made its claim as the organizers of the competition1920s French football administrators, including Jules Rimet, are credited with bringing together the worlds strongest national teams to compete for a world championship of football.Decided that 1930 would be the first international competition for the what was being called the World Cup and La Coupe de Monde

ORIGINSMuch debate as to who would host first World CupFIFA felt it necessary for the first host nation to pay for travel expenses of all referees and national teamsa clearly expensive propositionbut many European and South American football powerhouses showed interest: Italy, Spain, Holland, Hungary, Sweden and Uruguay

URUGUAY 1930Uruguay - First Host of World Cup13 original teams invited4 European teams, 8 South American teams and a United States representativeOriginally only 1 European team had signed up, but the efforts of Rimet helped move three more nations to the competition

Jules Rimet CupFrench sculptor, Albert Lafleur, designed the first trophy to be presented to the FIFA World Champions.

The Golden Boot

The Golden Boot Award wasintroduced at the 1930 FIFAWorld Cup.

This prestigious award, isGiven to the World Cup'stop scorer, and is earned byscoring the most goals in thefinals tournament.

FIFA World Cup 1930

The first FIFA World Cup tookplace in Uruguay. The Jules RimetCup was presented to the firstFIFA World Cup winners, Uruguay.

Golden Boot - Guillermo Stabile,Argentina (8 goals)

Uruguay defeated Argentina 42

FIFA World Cup 1934The 1934 FIFA World Cup washeld in Italy.

Thirty-two nations entered thecompetition, and afterqualification, 16 teamsparticipated in the finaltournament.

Golden Boot - Oldrich Nejedly,Czechoslovakia (5 goals)

Italy beat Czechoslovakia 21 in the final.

FRANCE 1938France chosen as third hostMany nations kept away from competition due to consequences of upcoming World War; examples include Spain, Austria, Argentina and once again UruguayFor the first time the host nation was automatic qualifier, a privilege that has carried on up to present World Cup play

FIFA World Cup 1938

The Competition was heldin France and Italyretained the Jules RimetCup.

Golden Boot - Leonidas daSilva, Brazil (7 goals)

Italy beat Hungary 42 in the final.

Brazil 1950Throughout the Second World War the Italian Vice-President of FIFA, Dr. Ottorino Barassi, hid the FIFA World Cup trophy in a shoe-box under his bed and thus saved it from falling into the hands of occupying troops. It was back in 1950 and hosted by Brazil.

The planets biggest stadium Football in Brazil had become so popular that it was decided to build a brand new stadium with a capacity of 220,000 in the suburbs of Rio de Janeiro to host this world cup.Host Brazil qualified with three other teams, Spain, Uruguay and Sweden, not for the semi-finals, but for a final series of matches in round robin format, in which England and Italy were surprising absentees.

FIFA World Cup 1950The 1950 FIFA World Cup washeld in Brazil and was won byUruguay.

To mark the 25th anniversaryOf Jules Rimet's presidency ofFIFA, the trophy was referredto as the Jules Rimet Cup.

Golden Boot Ademir Marques de Menezes, Brazil (9 goals)

Uruguay beat the hosts Brazil 21

FIFA World Cup 1954

The 1954 FIFA World Cup washeld in Switzerland and won byWest Germany.

Golden Boot - Sandor Kocsis,Hungary (11 goals)

The tournament set anumber of all-time records forgoal scoring, including thehighest average goals scoredper game. West Germany defeated Hungary 32 in the final

Beginning of an EraThis world cup was the first time in history in which we could distinguish who a player was by the number he wore on his back.With the formation of the AFC in 1954 the event became truly global because now several teams from Asia and Africa were now included. This allowed for the qualifying rounds to feature a higher number of nations than ever before.

SWEDEN 1958First World Cup to be televised for the world to view the brilliance of the best players in the game55 Countries took part and the likes of Switzerland, Belgium, Uruguay, Spain and most notably Italy failed to qualify; many new nations emerged including the likes of Wales, N. Ireland and USSR

FIFA World Cup 1958The sixth World Cup, washosted by Sweden andwon by Brazil.

Golden Boot JustFontaine, France (13goals)

Brazil beat Sweden 52 in the final

A Star is Born: Pele Hits the World Stage17 year-old Brazilian youngster Pele was a huge factor in Brazils victory over Sweden and scored 6 goals in the overall tournament en route to Brazils first World Championship of Football

Chile 1962This World Cup is remembered because this is the occasion in which futbol became more physical.

More teamsmore upsetsA new record 56 teams took part in the qualifying rounds.This new format caused many of the powerhouse teams to be eliminated before the tournament.

FIFA World Cup 1962

The 1962 FIFA World Cup washeld in Chile.

Golden Boot - Vava, Brazil /Garrincha, Brazil / Leonel Sanchez,Chile / Drazan Jerkovic, Yugoslavia /Valentin Ivanov, Soviet Union /Florian Albert, Hungary (4 goals)

The average goals per matchdropped to 2.78, under 3 for the firsttime in the history of thecompetition.Brazil claimed their second World Cup title by defeating Czechoslovakia 31 in the final.

ENGLAND 1966New record 70 nations competingControversy over African regional champ having to play against Asia or Oceania zone to qualifyMany African nations dropped out before qualifying roundsQualifying: 10 teams from Europe, 4 from South America, 1 each from Asia, North America and Central America

New Nations Emerge, Old FallPowerhouse Brazil failed to pass the first round as phenom Pele was victim of physical playPortugal (Eusebio pictured bottom), N. Korea and host England were impressive in early rounds

FIFA World Cup 1966The 1966 FIFA World Cup washeld in England.

Golden Boot - Eusebio da SilvaFerreira, Portugal (9 goals)

This is the first FIFA WorldCup to have a mascotassociated with it.

England beat West Germany 42 in the final

Mexico 1970World Cup became a television spectacle.This was the first year substitutes were allowed.Also, yellow and red cards were introduced at this time.

Participating nations up to 75Many well respected teams such as Hungary, Portugal, France, Spain , and Argentina did not qualify, while less heralded teams like Morroco and Israel made their debut.

FIFA World Cup 1970

The 1970 FIFA World Cupwas held in Mexico. Brazilwere allowed to keep theJules Rimet Cup.

Golden Boot GerdMuller, West Germany (10goals)The tournament was won by Brazil by defeating, Italy 41 in the final

FIFA World CupThe new FIFA World CupTrophy was created by theItalian sculptor, SilvioGazzaniga for the 1974Tournament.

Made from 18 carat gold witha malachite base, the trophy is36.5 cm high, weighs 11lbs (6.1kilograms ) and belongs toFIFA.

A replica is presentedto the Winners.FIFA World Cup 1974

The 1974 FIFA World Cupwas held in WestGermany.

Golden Boot GrzegorzLato, Poland (7 goals)

West Germany beat the Netherlands in the final, 21.

Argentina 1978The World Cup was played in Argentina despite much controversy surrounding General Videlas totalitarian regime and its violation of human rights.

FIFA World Cup 1978The 1978 FIFA World Cupwas held in Argentina.

Golden Boot MarioKempes, Argentina (6goals)

Argentina beat the Netherlands 31 after extra time in the final.

Spain 1982Epic battles between Brazil & Italy and France vs. West Germany are two games that will be remembered in this world cup.Spain would host 24 teams whereas in the previous years countries only saw 16 teams.

Alterations to the organization of the tournament.With 24 teams now advancing instead of 16 they had to rearrange the structure. Three phases were now in place: A first round with six groups of four where two advanced from each, a second round with four groups of three where the top team advanced, then the semi-finals and the finals.

FIFA World Cup 1982

The 1982 FIFA World Cup, was held in Spain.

Golden Boot - Paolo Rossi,Italy (6 goals)

The tournament was won by Italy, after defeating West Germany 31 in the final.

The Adidas Golden ShoeIn 1982 the award wasrenamed the AdidasGolden Shoe.

Mexico 1986 Once againMexico was chosen as a replacement host because of financial difficulties in Colombia.Despite terrible earthquakes as a prelude to Futbols main event, the games went on.

Controversial or notMaradona is one of the greatest!!!This goal was accurately dubbed a goal scored by the hand of God. Maradonas other goal against England is questionably the best goal ever.

FIFA World Cup 1986The 1986 FIFA World CupWas held in Mexico.

Golden Boot GaryLineker, England (6 goals)

Argentina beat West Germany 32 in the final

ITALIA 1990112 Nations battled for the 14th World Cup10 Stadiums reconstructed and 2 newly built for the event

FIFA World Cup 1990

The 1990 FIFA World Cupwas held in Italy.

Golden Boot SalvatoreSchillaci, Italy (6 goals)

The tournament was won by West Germany, who beat Argentina 10 in the final

United States 1994Much skepticism as to the USAs response to soccer vs. its mainstream sports147 Countries Entered Qualifying, of which 24 made it to Americas stageRecord numbers of spectators, with numbers reaching over 3 millionCommercial boom of worlds most played sport

Ups & DownsUnited States and rest of world had household names as a result of such widespread broadcast of the tournament: Hagi, Bebeto, Romario, Milla, Tafarel were all superstarsWith success also came tragedy as one of the most memorable of household names was Colombian national Andres Escobar who was shot dead at his home in Colombia after netting an own goal to eliminate Colombia from the tournament at the hands of the US

ITALIA vs. BRAZILWith no time left on the clock, the World Cup would go to penalty kicks for the first time ever in its 64-year historyA championship lay on the shoulders and feet of stars such as Romario, Bebeto, Dino Baggio and most memorably Roberto Baggio, who sailed his penalty shot over the crossbar in an effort that greatly tarnished his great play in the tournament

FIFA World Cup 1994

The 1994 FIFA World Cup washeld in the United States. Brazilbecame the first nation to winFour World Cup titles.

Golden Boot - Hristo Stoichkov,Bulgaria / Oleg Salenko, Russia (6goals)

Brazil beat Italy 32 in a penalty shootout after the game ended 00 after extra time, the first World Cup final to be decided on penalties.

FRANCE 199832 teams, 64 matches played4 teams were placed in each of the eight groups, with good diversity in all but one of the groups with one American, one Asian or African and two European teams represented in each of the groups

FIFA World Cup 1998

The 1998 FIFA World Cupwas held in France.

Golden Boot Davor Suker,Croatia (6 goals)

The tournament was won by France, who beat Brazil 30 in the final. held in France.

FIFA World Cup 2002The 2002 FIFA World Cupwas hosted by both SouthKorea and Japan.

Golden Boot - Ronaldo, Brazil (8 goals)

Brazil won the tournament for a record fifth time, beating Germany 20 in the final.

FIFA World Cup 2006

The 2006 FIFA World Cupwas held in Germany.

Golden Boot MiraslavKlose, Germany (5 goals)

Italy won defeating France 53 in a penalty shootout in the final, after extra time had finished in a 11 draw

FIFA World Cup 2010The 2010 FIFA World Cupwas held in South Africa.

In the final, Spain defeated the Netherlands 10 after extra time

FIFA World Cup 2014

The 2014 FIFA World Cupheld in Brazil.

The World Cup: A Fair Game? WHAT IS INEQUALITY? Inequality: the difference between the things some groups of people have compared to other people.

Examples of inequality:In sport: some athletes have better facilities and training than others.

Between countries: some countries are wealthy while others are extremely poor and have large scale poverty.

Within countries: in some countries there are many people who only have a little and a few people who have a lot more this could be money, or things like better healthcare or education.

Make the point that often when talking about inequality we use income to compare.

But there can be inequality in other things too like quality of health or education.

And it can vary by things like gender, age or ethnicity.52INEQUALITY BETWEEN COUNTRIES

Look at the countries.

Do they all have the same wealth?

Or do some have more than others?

This is global income (wealth) inequality.53

COUNTRY INCOMESThe World Bank classifies each country as either:

a high income country an upper-middle income country a lower-middle income country a low income country

Which do you think each of these countries is?

Ivory CoastUSA England Brazil

Explain that the World Bank is a global bank which lends money to different countries. Explain that they pay close attention to the wealth of countries meaning how much money each country has. They call this a countrys income, which they work out as an average per person to be able to compare countries with more or less people.To calculate it they add up the total amount of money being made in that country over the year. They then divide this by the number of people in the country. They do this calculation in dollars so they can compare all countries fairly.

This is called the GDP per capita, which you can just call the income per person in the country.Discuss the term income and the four classifications.

Which types of country are the richest? (High income) Which types of country are the poorest? (Low income)Ask the pupils which classification they think each of the countries shown are. Ask pupils why they think this.

Brazil upper middleUSA highIvory Coast lower-middleEngland - high54COMPARING WEALTH

Can you compare the ratios of the top 3 and bottom 3 World Cup countries average incomes?Highest 3 incomes: av. $66,000Lowest 3 incomes:av. $1,300Ratio = 66 : 1.3= 66 / 1.3 = 51=51:1This means the richest 3 countries have 51x more money per person than the poorest 3 in the World Cup. Is this fair?You can also help them to compare incomes of countries using ratios.

They will find the ratio of income of the highest 3 teams to the lowest 3 teams is 51:1 therefore the highest income country teams have on average 51x more income per person in their countries than the lowest income country teams. Is this fair?55SCORING INEQUALITY WITHIN COUNTRIES Countries are given a score to show how equal or unequal they are. 0 A score of 0 means that the country is completely equal, that everyone in that country has the same amount of money.

That would look something like this:

In reality, no country looks like this.

Make clear to the pupils that in this fictitious example, everyone in the country has the same amount of money there is no income inequality here.This may seem like a good idea though there could be issues with this.

Would it be fair if everyone earned the same amount of money? What would the problems be with this? (Some people might not work hard for their share of the money / some people might deserve it more for working harder). 56SCORING INEQUALITY WITHIN COUNTRIES A score of 1.0 means the country is completely unequal.

This would look something like this:

1

In reality, thankfully, no country looks like this either.

Be clear that in this situation is the opposite completely unequal.Would you like to be in this position?Would you like to be considerably richer than everyone else? Would you like to be the other side having nothing?

Explain that this is not true in any country either. 57FAIR WORLD CUP COUNTRIESThese are the World Cup countries.Which do you think scores highest on fairness?Which do you think is the lowest?

58FAIRNESS SCORE EXAMPLESPlot the 4 countries below

0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50 0.55Completely Equal Completely Unequal

USA

0.37 Japan

0.29 Brazil

0.46 Cameroon

0.36

NOTE point out that the scale is from 0.25 to 0.55 because generally high inequality is near to 0.5 and low inequality below 0.3 therefore the full scale of 0.00 1.00 is not necessary.

Which do they think are the fairest?Of the 4 example countries here, the order of most to least equal distribution of income are:Japan(most equal) Cameroon USA - Brazil (least equal)

Pupils may be surprised that Brazil has quite higher inequality, and Cameroon is better than the USAWhere would England be?

ANSWER 0.36 same as Cameroon

Source of inequality statistics:Frederick Solt, 2013, "The Standardized World Income Inequality Database", version 4.0, September 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1902.1/11992

59INEQUALITY IN BRAZIL

Google Maps/Oxfam AmericaLook at the image.

What is going on? What are the buildings like on one half compared to the other?

Does it suggest inequality in Brazil is a problem or not? Does this tie in with Brazils fairness score from the previous slide?

Is it fair that some people have so much and some so little?

The image is from Sao Paolo.

It shows the densely packed Paraisopolis favela (or slum) located next to luxury apartments with swimming pools and tennis courts in the upmarket Morumbi area of Sao Paulo city. Paraisopolis has between 80,000 and 100,000 residents and is the second largest favela in Sao Paulo.

60INEQUALITY IN BRAZILBrazil is hosting the World Cup AND will be hosting the Olympics in 2016. But is inequality an issue in Brazil?

Is it a problem? Is the government trying to do anything? What are the successes and challenges?

The news clip will introduce pupils to the idea that inequality is a big problem in Brazil, but the government is trying to do things to overcome it. This has led to a range of successes, but challenges also remain.61YEARHOST COUNTRYWINNERSCORE2010South AfricaSpainSpain 1-0 Netherlands2006GermanyItalyItaly 1-1 France2002Japan / S. KoreaBrazilBrazil 2-0 Germany1998FranceFranceFrance 3-0 Brazil1994USBrazilBrazil 3-2 Italy1990ItalyGermanyGermany 1-0 Argentina1986MexicoArgentinaArgentina 3-2 Germany1982SpainItalyItaly 3-1 Germany1978ArgentinaArgentinaArgentina 3-2 Germany1974GermanyGermanyGermany 2-1 Holland1970MexicoBrazilBrazil 4-1 Italy1966EnglandEnglandEngland 4-2 Germany1962ChileBrazilBrazil 3-1 Czechoslovakia1958SwedenBrazilBrazil 5-2 Sweden1954SwitzerlandGermanyGermany 3-2 Hungary1950Brazil UruguayUruguay 2-1 Brazil1946NOT HELDNOT HELDNOT HELD1942NOT HELDNOT HELDNOT HELD1938FranceItalyItaly 4-2 Hungary1934ItalyItalyItaly 2-1 Czechoslovakia1930UruguayUruguayUruguay 4-2 ArgentinaWho has won the most world cups?Why was the world cup not held in 1942 and 1946?World Cup for Women!!Since 1991, FIFA has organized a World Cup for women, known as the FIFA Womens World Cup. They also play every 4 years and the process of qualification is much the same as the mens.