history of film in america part i. eadweard muybridge 1878 beginning of the history of film stop...
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HISTORY OF FILM IN AMERICA PART I
EADWEARD MUYBRIDGE
• 1878
• Beginning of the history of Film
• Stop Motion Photography
• Horse series
THOMAS EDISON
NEWARK ATHLETE (1891)
FAMOUS SNEEZE (1894)
ANNABELLE MOORE (1895)
WHAT HAPPENED ON 23rd STREET (1901)
THOMAS EDISON
• First production studio:Black Maria
• Inventor of the Kinetoscope
LUMIERE BROTHERS(Auguste & Louis)
• Made their own projector
• First public projection of films December 28, 1895
• Invented film camera called Cinematographe
A M E R C A
THOMAS EDISON
• Patents Vitascope
• MPPC(Motion Picture Patents Company)
A M E R C A
Edwin S. Porter• First prominent American
filmmaker
• Great Train Robbery (1903)
1905
1908MPPC
NEW YORK
LOS ANGLES
THE SHIFT FROM EAST TO WEST
THE SHIFT FROM EAST TO WEST1912
1) Escape the MPPC (Edison’s trust)
2) More favorable climate
3) Variety of landscapes
4) Cheap land
D.W. Griffith
• First full length feature film
• Birth of a Nation (1915)
NEW YORK
LOS ANGLES
THE SHIFT FROM EAST TO WEST
THE SHIFT FROM EAST TO WEST1912
1) Escape the MPPC (Edison’s trust)
2) More favorable climate
3) Variety of landscapes
4) Cheap land
THE RISE OF THE STUDIOS• Between 1912 and 1920 all major studios are
created.
• United Artists• Charlie Griffith and Charlie Chaplin
• Warner Brothers• Paramount• Fox Films• Metro Goldwyn Mayer (MGM)• Columbia• RKO
THE RISE OF THE STUDIOS
EXCEPTIONS
1917 MPPC
1915: Man Commits Robbery
1921: A.T. POFFENBERGER
MOTION PICTURES
ANDCRIME
MPPDA 1922Motion Picture Producers & Distributors
What Caused It’s Creation:
1) 1915 court case of “movies made do it”
2) 1921 Dr. A.T. Poffenberger’s Motion Pictures & Crime
3) Fear of Government Control
MPPDA 1922Motion Picture Producers & Distributors
Purpose:
1) Keep the Government out of Hollywood
2) Represent American Film abroad
Erich von Stroheim
Irving Thalberg
VS
• First Super-Jewel
• First million dollar movie
• Made in 1922 by Universal
• Erich von Stroheim vs. Irving Thalberg
• Directorial excess
Erich von Stroheim
• Director/Actor/Editor
• Foolish Wives (1922)
• First million dollar budget
Irving Thalberg• Producer / Re-editor
• Foolish Wives (1922)
• Super-Jewel
• Brought about the current Hollywood model of pre-production.
• End of directorial excess
Irving Thalberg• After Foolish Wives left for
MGM.
• Purpose of movies it to make money
• Business needs to Control: pre-production
productionpost-production
MGM & Irving Thalberg
WB’s Problems:
• Only had small theaters• Wanted to help in small towns• Bottom of the major studios
WB partners with GE
The Jazz Singer (1927) WB
• WB partners with GE
• Sound-on-disc
• First ‘sound’ movie
IMPACTS OF SOUND• Audiences want audio
• Silent actors out of work
• Camera filmed from inside a booth so voices could be recorded by a stationary microphone
• Dialogue based scripts
• Foreign countries film industries hurt
Sound On Disc“double system”
Sound On Film“single system”
SOUND VOCABULARY:
• Rendered Sound• False or made up sound
• Conceptual Resonance• You see films differently based on the sound
• Diegetic Sound• Sound where the source is part of the scene
• Non-Diegetic Sound• Sound where the source is not part of the scene
1895 movies begin
1927 sound enters
32 years of silence
1927 Academy Awards
Stock Market CrashOctober 1929
Great Depression