history of hypnotherapy presentation

8/21/2019 History of Hypnotherapy Presentation

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HISTORY OF HYPNOTHERAPYDISCOVERING THE SUBCONSCIOUS MIND


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HISTORY OF HYPNOTHERAPY

3000BC – ancient Egyptians

Ancient Greeks

Indian Sanskrits

Hindu fakirs

Celtic druids

African witch doctors

Jesus’s miracles?


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1500 Paracelsus

Swiss doctor discovered mercury as cure for syphilis

Passed magnets over patient to effect cure

1600 Valentine Greatrakes

The ‘ great Irish Stroker ’ – again stroked magnets to

cure


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1725 Maximilian Hehl

Jesuit priest – using magnets to heal

Mesmer was his student


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(1734-1815 )FranzAnton Mesmer

Father of hypnosis

Found could stop

bleeding with a stickand thereforepostulated ‘ animal

magnetism’


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Franz Anton Mesmer(contd)

‘De Planatorium influxu’ – magnetic fields pervade

nature Cured patient of paralysis and temporary blindness

Cured Maria Theresa Paradies – protégé of empressof blindness. Angering parents

Moved from Vienna to Paris

Mozart was a fan


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Franz AntonMesmer(cont)

Developed the ‘baquet’

Asked Louis XVI for a

board of enquiry in 1784

Benjamin Franklin,

Guillotine, Lavoisier

Found all due to the

imagination !


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1727-1779 FatherGassner

Contempory ofMesmer

Suggestion as faithhealing

1787 Marquis dePuysegur

Student of Mesmer

Magnetised elm trees

Somnambulism


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1815 Abbe Jose Castodi de Faria

Fixed gaze method first to coin word

‘sleep’


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1791 John Elliotson Professor at University

London

Became interested viaa student of Faria

1837 Surgery underhypnosis – angeredother doctors as pain ‘needed for healing’

Expelled fromuniversity hospital


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1795 – 1860 James Braid

Scottish surgeon coinedterm ‘ hypnosis’

Developed suggestionsmethod

Saw Mesmer and waseventually convinced

Changed term to ‘monoidiesm’

‘Nervous sleep’ actingon subject whosesuggestibility is

increased’


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1808-1859 James Esdaile

Scottish doctor

Reports in 1846 300 major

operations

Reduced post op mortality

from 505%


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1864 Nancy school of Hypnosis

Liebeault – ‘ de la suggestion’

Bernheim

Freud studied here

Initially enthusiastic – eventually discountedhypnosis


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1878 Charcot – school of Saltpierre

Pathological theory

Stages of hypnosis

Lethargy

Catalepsy

Somnambulism


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Dave Elman 1950’s

Stage Hypnotist Studied Hypnosis for

years

Taught doctors

exclusively Quick inductions

Deepening techniques


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1929-1980 Milton Erickson

Indirect approach

Metaphor

Utilization


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THEORIES OF TRANCE

Suggestion Theory

Bernheim 1886 – suggestions bypass concious mind

Modified Sleep

Abbe Faria – a type of sleep BUT thought wouldalways amnesia

Pathological Theory Charcot – BUT 90% hypnotisable NOT equivalent to

hysteria


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THEORIES OF TRANCE

Dissociation Janet ‘ splitting of consciousness into two’ BUT not

always amnesia – can remove amnesia bysuggestion

Neo Dissociation Some cognition continuous throughout

Psychoanlanalytic Freud – libidinal gratification

Ferenczi – parent/child BUT mirrors metronomes mayhypnotise


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THEORIES OF TRANCE

Conditioned response

Pavlov to word ‘ sleep’ BUT not sleep, metronomes,

quick awakening

Role Playing

R White – goal directed striving

Atavistic Regression Ainslie Meares to a primitive level – primitive man

accepted ideas by suggestion


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THEORIES OF TRANCE

Neurophysiological

Barry Wyke – voice blocks other sensory input [like

gate theory]

Hemispheric Specificity

L verbal/voluntary/language speech

R nonverbal/emotional/submissive/artmusic/imagination

Meszaros – induction L brain R brain

history of hypnotherapy presentation

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