history of medicine. caduceus how did the caduceus get it’s name? priests in the temples of...
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History of Medicine
CaduceusHow did the caduceus get it’s
name? Priests in the temples of Asklepios used massage, bathing, and exercise in treating patients. The god carried a staff with a serpent coiled around its staff. This is known as the medical symbol today. When people got sick, they went to the temples and let the snakes lick their wounds to heal them.
History of Medicine80% of primitive man died by
age 30Many from infectious diseases,
plagues, epidemics.Medical practice was aimed at
ridding people of evil spirits and demons-exorcism. They thought this is why people got sick.
Egyptian PhysiciansPriests who studied medicine and
surgery in temple medical schools. Believed that blood flowed thru body like canals in Nile River. If blood was clogged they applied leeches which produced HIRUDIN-prevents clotting.
RomansDid not help the cause of
medicine but had superior methods of sanitation and water supply. Drained swamps.
Real cause of the Roman empire-disease- Malaria, smallpox, bubonic plague-caused by bacteria from fleas or rats
Most common Form Surgery during Roman Times???AmputationWhy? Infection
HippocratesThe Father of Medicine.Best known for his code of Behavior known as the Hippocratic Oath.Medical schools still teach thisAnd physicians repeat it asThey enter practice.
Hippocrates cont.The founder of scientific medicine-
Produced an organized method of gaining knowledge through the means of observation. Believed that a patient’s environment played a big part on his health.
Stressed the importance of diet and cleanliness to staying healthy.
Discovered that you could diagnose certain diseases by listening to a patients chest.
GalenBecame a surgeon after minimal medical
training.Received most of his experience from
treating gladiators that received wounds during battle
He ignored Hippocrates’ theory of observation of a patient. He believed that your body was regulated by the four fluids or “humors”. Blood, phlegm, black bile, and yellow bile. An imbalance of these “humors” is what made people sick.
Performed tracheotomy.
PhysicianMost prestigious. They had a
university degree.Limited their practice to upper
classes only.They preferred studying over
actually taking care of the sick.
SurgeonConsidered inferior to physicians.Few had university degrees.Performed surgery on nobility,
high clergy, and wealthy merchants.
Barber-Surgeon
Barber-Surgeon ContNo training.Lower class people were treated
here.Used their razors to cut hair,
open abscesses, and occassionally perform amputations.
Bandages represent white on barber pole and the red represents blood.
Florence NightingaleFounder of Modern Nursing.1820-1910Treated patients during The Crimean War
Marie CurieDiscovered RadiumNobel Prize Winner
Clara BartonFounded American RedCrossCivil War
Elizabeth BlackwellFirst woman Doctor in the U.S.
Walter ReedTreatment Yellow FeverPanama Canal
Jonas SalkPolio vaccine 1954
Christian Bernard
First Heart Transplant 1968
Alexander FlemingPenicillin mold 1932
Gerhard DomagkSulfa Drugs 1932 which cured
Diptheria
Elias Metchnikoff
WBC protect from disease-Nobel Prize
Wilhelm Roentgen
Discovered Xrays
Joseph ListerAsepsis and disinfectantNoticed that if you cleaned
instruments before using them on another patient, patients didn’t get sick.
Louis PasteurPasteurizationRabies Vaccine
LaennecStethescope in 1816
Gabriel FahrenheitMercury thermometer
Edward JennerSmallpox vaccine 1976-Gave first vaccination using the
pus from a cowpox lesion on a milkmaids hand.
William HarveyCirculation of blood 1578.Realized that the blood circulated
in the body.
VesaliusDisproved Galen’s theoryImproved knowledge of anatomy
in surgery.
MortonIntroduced ether during surgery
SimpsonIntroducedChloroformDuring Surgery
George PapanicolaouFirst pap smear for cervical
cancer
HindusHad first hospitals, nurses, did
surgery.
ChineseUsed acupuncture to restoreEquilibrium and relieve Congestion.