HISTORY of MINES and PROSPECTS, KETCHIKAN DISTRICT, PRIOR to 1952

By J O H N BUFVERS

D I V I S I O N o f M I N E S and MINERALS

DEPARTMENT of NATURAL RESOURCES

STATE of A L A S K A

FEBRUARY 1967

STATE OF ALASKA

Wal ter J. H i cke l - Governor

DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES

P h i l R. Holdsworth - Commissioner

DIVISION OF M I N E S AND MINERALS

James A. W i l l i ams - D i r e c t o r

H i s t o r y o f Mines and Prospects , Ketch ikan D i s t r i c t , P r i o r t o 1952

John Bufvers

Juneau, Alaska

January 1967

FOREWORD

John Bu fve rs was bo rn a t Buwenas i n t h e P r o v i n c e o f Bohuslan, Sweden. He served i n a Hussar Kesiment o f t he Swedish Cava l r y and l a t e r i n t h e U.S. 14 th I n f a n t r y d u r i n q t h e F i r s t Wor ld War.

I n 1313, M r . e u f v e r s mined on t h e Yakataga beach and Whi te R i v e r . He l e f t t h e r e f o r Valdez and t h e N e l c h i n a stampede and p rospec ted between Thompson Pass and Beaver Dam i n 1914. He worked a t t he Gold B u l l i o n Mine i n 1916, and t h e Lucky Shot Mine i n 1313, b o t h i n the W i l l o w Creek D i s t r i c t , t hen a t K e n n e c o t t ' s Bonanza Mine i n 1919 and 1320, and n e x t a t t h e Beatson Mine on Latouche I s l a n d i n 1921 and 1322. He then went sou th t o t h e S a l t Chuck Mine, P r i n c e o f Wales I s l a n d and worked t h e r e i n 1925 and 1926 then r e t u r n e d t o t h e Lucky Shot Mine i n 1931, and a g a i n back t o t h e S a l t Chuck Mine d u r i n q 1536 and 1937.

Between j o b s i n these and o t h e r areas o f Alaska,Mr. Bufvers t r a v e l e d and o r o s - ?ected. Dur inq these t imes , he v i s i t e d t h e mines and p r o s o e c t s on which he r e p o r t s i n t l ~ i s pub1 i c a t i o n .

I n more recen t yea rs he was employed by t h e U.S. F o r e s t S e r v i c e and t h e Ke tch i kan Pu lp Company, and now r e s i d e s i n S e a t t l e , Washington.

The i n f o r m a t i o n i n t h i s a u b l i c a t i o n i s taken f rom a manusc r ip t w r i t t e n by M r . Bu fve rs i n t h e yea r 1952. G e n e r a l l y , t h e word ing i s h i s . The D i v i s i o n o f Mines and M i n e r a l s p u b l i s h e s i t f o r i t s h i s t o r i c a l v a l u e as w e l l as f o r i t s qenera l m i n i n q and m i n e r a l o g i c a l background.

James A. W i l l i a m s D i r e c t o r D i v i s i o n o f Mines and M i n e r a l s

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Narnr o f Mine o r P rospec t - -- ---

Sa l t Chuck Pa lrner Cove Copper Center Brown and Me tzdo r f Ha i da I t Mine Poorman Conner Qucen Unc le Sam Ftich 1 i i 1 1 Pe l aska ftoun t Andrew

Go1 d Standard Kcys tone F l a q s t a f f l r~dependent Copoer Cascade C o n s t i t u t i o n ElcGi I v e r y Lucky Ne l l H a r r i s Creek Georqe Cracker Jack PuyaI l u p Mine Luckv J i rn D o l l y Varden Cunr i te Jumbo Copoer t4oun t a i n C o r b i n Cooper C i t y Khayyarn I t i ne lla~nrno t h Hoonshinc P i n e H u l ~ Hu la Crocsus V a l o a r a i s o Y,ine Golden F leecc Mine Gladstone p r o s n e c t Cymru Ccpncr Mine ~ I U P O i r d Gola Stream Scliocnba r H i ne Lon-~!e-Van Scci L c v e l I ' i n ~ Goo Goo Cat Is lanc ! PcLean Arm f l c l son t T i f t ;:cLeod aav ;ii r q i n i a

Paqe No. ----

H i s t o r y o f Mines and Prospec ts , K e t c h i k a n D i s t r i c t , P r i o r t o 1952

BY

John Bu fve rs

( I ) The S a l t Chuck Mine, a t t h e head o f Kasaan Bay, and a t an e l e v a t i o n o f 400 f e e t , was d i scove red on August 29, 1906, by S i Goodro and a young f e l low by t h e name o f W a l t e r Thomas w h i l e they were o u t h u n t i n g . The p r o s p e c t was o r i g i n a l l y named t h e "Joker", b u t d u r i n g Goodro's ownersh ip , i t was known as t h e Goodro Mine. A good dea l o f development was per formed by Goodro and o r e shipments were s e n t t o t h e s m e l t e r , b u t most o f t h e development was s t a r t e d a f t e r t h e A laska P a l l a d i u m Company t o o k o v e r t h e p r o p e r t y i n 1919 w i t h J.E. C h i l b e r g , p r e s i d e n t . E x t e n s i v e underground work o e r m i t t e d m i n i n g o f t he o r e by t h e g l o r y h o l e method, and a modern f l o t a t i o n m i l l o f 300- ton c a p a c i t y was i n s t a l l ed . Concent ra tes were sh ipped on t h e motor vesse l "Fa i rbanks" t o P r i n c e Ruper t , B.C., and f rom t h e r e by r a i l r o a d t o t h e s m e l t e r i n I r v i n q t o n , New Je rsey . Due t o heavy s u r f a c e c o n s t r u c t i o n i n t h e f a l l o f 1325, more than 70 men were t h e n on t h e p a y r o l I . Thomas P. Lane was mine foreman and A.L. Howard was i n charge o f t h e m i l l . Du r ing 1926, u n t i l t h e mine c l o s e d down, Fred E. Pegg was m i l l foreman.

The v a l u a b l e me ta l s i n the o r e were q o l d , copper , and p a l l a d i u m ; consequen t l y , i n t h e f a l l o f 1926 when t h e p r i c e o f p a l l a d i u m drooped t o l e s s than h a l f o f i t s fo rmer v a l u e , t h e o p e r a t o r s were f o r c e d t o c l o s e down. About two yea rs l a t e r , t o s a t i s f y c r e d i t o r s , t h e mine was s o l d a t a U . S . M a r s h a l ' s s a l e f o r about $12,090. I t was purchased by t h e l a t e John Koel o f Ke tch i kan .

I n 1923, t he S a l t Chuck Mine, as i t i s c u r r e n t l y c a l l e d , was taken o v e r by t h e Conso l i da ted M i n i n g and Sme l t i ng Company o f Canada and a l a r g e development program was about t o be s t a r t e d when t h e dep ress ion f o r c e d a shu t down.

The A laska Gold and Me ta l s Comnany w i t h A.L. Howard, n r e s i d e n t and manaqer, t ook o v e r t h e mine i n 1934, o p e r a t i n q i t u n t i l 1341 when t h e second Wor ld War f o r c e d i t s c l o s u r e . A r t h u r J . The is , a m i n i n q enq inee r who had s o l d t h e Darwin Mine i n Southern C a l i f o r n i a t o Anaconda Copper C0mpan.y f o r a l a r q e p r i c e i n 1947, made a dea l w i t h A laska Gold and Me ta l s Company t o t a k e ove r t h e S a l t Chuck Mine and they spen t ove r a yea r w i t h a crew deve lop inq t h e ground. Because o f d i f f i c u l t i e s a r i s i n q between The is and Howard, t h e mine c l o s e d down f o r t h e t h i r d t i m e i n i t s h i s t o r v .

S i Goodro, b e f o r e d i s c o v e r i n q t h e S a l t Chuck, had been p r o s p e c t i n g a t Dolomi where he found a q u a r t z v e i n about one m i l e n o r t h o f V a l a p a r a i s o m i l l . He b u i l t a c a b i n t h e r e and about 1/4 m i l e o f co rdu roy t ram road. He had been a s s o c i a t e d w i t h a p rosoec t i n Westward A laska i n t h e v i n c i i t v o f l l i a m n a Lake, wh ich was l a t e r named a f t e r him. A f t e r s e l l i n g t h e S a l t Chuck Mine, he was r e p o r t e d l y k i l l e d d u r i n g 1920 i n an au tomob i l e a c c i d e n t near Yakima, Washington.

J.E. C h i l b e r g i s s t i l l l i v i n g i n Be rke ley , C a l i f o r n i a , w i t h h i s son Hugh, a r e a l e s t a t e o p e r a t o r . E rnes t L . Adk ins went t o Wal lace, Idaho, as assayer f o r t h e Hec la M i n i n g Comoany, l a t e r moving t o S e a t t l e , Washinqton. He passed away i n t h a t c i t y on J u l y 21, 1949, w e l l advanced i n y e a r s . A.L. Howard d i e d i n S e a t t l e , Washington, A p r i l 20, 1960 a t about t he age o f 70 years . Thomas P . Lane, a nephew o f Char les Lane,

the wel l -known opera to r o f the U t i ca Mine i n Calaveras County, C a l i f o r n i a , and a l s o o f Nome, Alaska, was l a s t heardfrom about ten years ago when he was connected w i t h a mine i n the v i c i n i t y o f Bake rs f i e l d , C a l i f o r n i a .

( 2 ) - Palmer - .- - - - Cove, . - on Kasaan Peninsula, ha l fway between W ind fa l l Harbor and T o l s t o i P o i n t , was p robab ly f i r s t prospected s h o r t l y a f t e r 1900 when Antone de Nomie, the Chippewa Ind ian , and Brad fo rd d iscovered a copper v e i n about two m i l e s from the beach. Rich o re was found i n a gu lch and sur face s t r i p p i n g o f t he v e i n was done years ago, bu t the lower end o f the v e i n was found t o be c u t o f f by a f a u l t . On the oppos i te s i d e o f the mountain, on the s lope towards Kasaan Bay, good- look ing f l o a t had a l s o been found. One o r two smal l shipments o f hand-sorted o re from the Palmer Cove Drospect had been made i n the pas t . The v e i n i s about two f e e t wide and c a r r i e s qood g o l d va lues i n a d d i t i o n t o the copper, bu t because o f the d is tance from t i d e water the re has been l i t t l e development.

The l a t e B i l l Robinson staked severa l lode c la ims near the cove. He was found dead on the beach i n the cove i n t he summer o f 1941. Robinson w i l l e d h i s ~ r o s p e c t t o the Pioneer Lodge i n Ketchikan, bu t the Lodqe was unable t o take over and develop i t .

(3) The Copeer Center Drospect i s loca ted about one m i l e f rom t i dewa te r on Kasaan --A - . - - - -

Bay, where the t r a i l t o Thorne 6ay s t a r t s , and about 2000 f e e t west f rom t he south end o f the second lake a long the t r a i l . The e l e v a t i o n i s about 400 f e e t . The prospect was d iscovered i n A p r i l , 1907 by M r . Rush, b ro the r t o U.S. Rush,one o f the d iscovere rs o f Rush and Brown mine.

The country rock i s mos t l y greenstone and severa l sha l low s h a f t s and open cu t s had been sunk showing magnet i te and c h a l c o p y r i t e over q u i t e a l a r g e area, bu t a t o n l y one p l ace has a v e i n o f any s i z e been found. That i s about 2 f e e t i n w i d t h and t r ace - ab l e i n a su r face cu t f o r 25 f e e t . Samples o f t h i s v e i n and from o t h e r outcroopinqs nearby have assayed up t o 4 percent i n cooper and t en d o l l a r s i n go ld .

Dur ing the 1530's the prospect was claimed f o r a number o f years by A l b e r t Moquist w i t hou t any work be ing performed by him except t o s p o i l the showing o f o re i n one s h a f t by b l a s t i n g muck over i t .

(4) The Brown and Metzdor f , a l s o named Shepherd Copper Mine, i s loca ted on Kasaan ------- Peninsula, one-ha l f m i l e n o r t h o f M i l l s Bay and about s i x m i l es west o f Kasaan. The e l e v a t i o n i s 310 f e e t . I t was d iscovered s h o r t l y a f t e r the t u r n o f the cen tu ry by W i I 1 iam (B i l l y ) Metzdorf and George Brown. Besides copper, the o r e c a r r i e d cons iderab le va lues i n go ld . Ttie o r e body i s a m i n e r a l i z e d mass o f garnet rock, c a r r y i n q c h a l c o p y r i t e and p y r i t e over a w id th o f ten f e e t , bu t as p r a c t i c a l l y a l l o re above the s h o r t tunnel l e v e l has been mined o u t , f u r t h e r development must c o n s i s t o f s i n k i n g and i t appears doub t f u l t h a t i n d i c a t i o n s a t the mine j u s t i f y t h i s .

During the 1920's the ~ r o p e r t y was owned by W i l l i a m Shepherd and Charles Dunton, who b u i l t an a e r i a l t ram t o the bay and a smal l dock. Not g e t t i n g a long very w e l l , the pa r t ne r sh i p was severed, w i t h Sheoherd a c q u i r i n q th? mine. He d i s a ~ p e a r e d about 1923 and i t i s be l i e ved he went ou t i n the woods and committed s u i c i d e .

I n 1937 the ground was s taked by E r i k Lindeman and Nels Ulander. From o r e a1 ready mined they sent t h i r t y tons t o the Tacoma Smelter t h a t re tu rned $40.00 t o the ton. A l l b u i l d i n g s , the a e r i a l t ram and t he dock a re now co l lapsed . O f i t s two

d iscovere rs , B i l l y Metzdorf d i ed about 1926 i n the Pioneers Home, S i t k a . George Brown, i n pa r t ne r sh i p w i t h U.S . Rush, d iscovered the Rush & Brown copoer mine. ( P i c t u r e o f Metzdorf i n Pioneer Hal 1 , Ketch ikan. )

(5 ) The Haida Mine, a l s o named the Mammoth, i s about seven m i l es west o f Kasaan ----- --. . - . by t r a i l , and l i e s on the top o f a h i l l a t 500- feet e l e v a t i o n . The mine i s about o n e - t h i r d o f a m i l e from a she l t e red harbor on Kasaan Bay. The p r o p e r t y was d iscovered i n the e a r l y 1900's by Ed McGann and W i l l i a m B e l l . La te r the Haida Copner Company was formed i n S e a t t l e , Washinqton, w i t h Frea J. E i t e l , p res i den t ; J.A. Jacobson, v i c e - p r e s i - den t ; V i c t o r V i ge l i u s , manager; F.W. Crary , sec re ta r y ; and J . A l b e r t Johnson, t r easu re r Developments i n 1306-07 cons is ted o f a tunnel about 125 f e e t lonq, f rom which a 35 f o o t r a i s e was run t o the su r face , and a smal l q l o r y ho l e was made by m in ing some h i g h qrade o r e a t the top. A winze was a l s o sunk from the tunnel f o r about 30 f e e t . A t some t ime du r i ng t h i s work, James Freeburn was i n charqe.

L a t e r , B i l l y Metzdorf s taked the mine and was ab le t o qet enouqh h i q h qrade o re f o r a shipment t o the sme l te r . Returns from the o r e shiornent were s u f f i c i e n t t o enable him t o go south and ge t marr ied, hu t he l a t e r re tu rned t o Kasaan Bay, a lone and broke. Accordinq t o James Coleman, good o re was supposed t o have been s t r u c k i n the winze.

(6 ) The I t Mine, composed o f t he Eagles Nest , Alarm and I t c la ims , i s loca ted about f o u r a n d o n e - h a l f m i l es nor thwest o f Kasaan and one-ha l f m i l e from Kasaan Bay. David "Scot ty" N icho ls d iscovcred the Eagles Nest and Alarm c la ims i n 1906. The I t c la im, a t 600 f ee t e l e v a t i o n , was s taked i n 1307 by W.E. Tay lo r and s o l d by him t o the Sea I s l and Min ing Company f o r $10,000.

Dur ing the F i r s t World War a l l these c la ims were taken over by the Granby Consol idated Smel t ing and Min inq Company and operated w i t h N.W. Sweetzer as super in tend- e n t . Large o re bunkers were cons t ruc ted a t the beach and a long dock was b u i l t f o r the load ing o f o re on to steamers. A l a rge tonnage o f o re , c a r r y i n q qood va lues i n bo th copper and go ld , was mined. S ince 1918, the mine has been i d l e . A l l b u i l d i n g s a t t he mine camp a re now down, the dock i s gone, and the o re bunkers, a land mark seen f rom upper Kasaan Bay, w i l l soon co l l apse .

N.W. Swectzer, super in tendent a t the I t Mine, was connected w i t h a number o f mines around Ketchikan, the Moonshine be inq one o f them. I n 1347, Sweetzer was l i v i n q i n Rosamond, C a l i f o r n i a .

( 7 ) The Poorman prospect , two m i l es nor thwest o f Kasaan and about 203 f e e t f rom t i d e water , i s one o f the e a r l y l o ca t i ons and was probably d iscovered by James Coleman. A l a rge body o f maqnet i te , w i t h ~nuch ch.3 lcopyr i te , was developed p r i o r t o 1905 when a Y O f o o t tunnel c rosscu t a 40 f o o t w id th o f magnet i te . A s h a f t about 30 f e e t deep was a l s o sunk. A wharf was then b u i l t and connected w i t h the mine workinqs by a su r face tram. I n 1943, the U.S. Bureau o f Mines conducted diamond d r i l l i n g a t the p rope r t y and more than one m i l l i o n tons o f i r o n o r e was i nd i ca ted . Supplementing the i r o n con ten t o f 5 U % , the o re a l s o con ta ins copper anti a l i t t l e go ld . Coleman disapoeared i n 1?4!! and the p rope r t y i s now he ld by the Coleman es ta te , E r i k Lindeman and A.L . Howard.

(8) The Copper Oyesp-, on Kasaan Bay, was staked i n 1667 bv Charles Vincent Raronovich and orobablv has the d i s t i n c t i o n o f be ing the f i r s t lode l o c a t i o n i n Alaska. I t i s s i t u a t e d a l i t t l e more than one-ha l f m i l e east o f the Kasaan Cannery. Sur face cu t s and a sha f t a re loca ted near the beach <3nd remains o f a road bed extend ou t on the p o i n t . The l a t t e r i s suhmerqed a t h i q h t i t l e . The main workinqs a re found near the creek bank a t the f o r k s , a t 300 f e e t e l e v a t i o n , and a sho r t d i s tance above the i n t ake o f the cannery 's water p i p e l i n e .

A s h o r t t unne l has been d r i v e n i n t h e o r e body and about 50 tons o f good l o o k i n g copper o r e a r e on t h e dump b u t chances o f d e v e l o p i n g a mine appear s l i m .

The d e p o s i t c o n s i s t s o f an i r r e g u l a r mass o f c h a l c o p y r i t e , p y r i t e , and magne t i t e . Below t h e o r e dump, i n the e a s t bank o f t h e c reek , was a 400 - foo t c r o s s c u t t u n n e l d r i v e n yea rs ago t o t h e t h e o r e d e n o s i t a t dep th , b u t i t f a i l e d t o encoun te r o r e . The p o r t a l i s now covered by a rock s l i d e . The s t o r y i s t o l d t h a t Ba ronov ich f i r s t saw o u t c r o p p i n g s o f a v e i n on Round I s l a n d , n e a r l y a m i l e o u t i n Kasaan Bay, and t h a t , by p a d d l i n g h i s canoe i n t h e d i r e c t i o n o f t he v e i n ' s s t r i k e , he found copper showings on t h e beach o f t h e bay now named Copper Queen Bay.

The l a s t work a t t h e p r o p e r t y was p r o b a b l y done i n 1902 a t wh ich t i m e i t was h e l d by W i l l i a m Bunard who i s no l onger l i v i n q . The p r o s o e c t was l a t e r s taked by ( ? ) McCue, t h e f i r s t o p e r a t o r o f a saw m i l l and canneryat Kasaan. I t i s b e l i e v e d he o a t e n t e d t h e ground.

Joe Baronov ich , we l l -known r e s i d e n t o f Ke tch i kan and former member o f t h e T e r r i t o r i a l L e g i s l a t u r e , i s t h e son o f Char les V incen t Baronov ich. C . V . Ba ronov ich was bo rn i n Da lmat ia , near T r i e s t e . He p a r t i c i p a t e d i n the q o l d rush i n C a l i f o r n i a and a l s o i n t h e rush t o Car ibou, B.C. I n 1867, he d i s c o v e r e d t h e Cooper Queen. He l a t e r o p e r a t e d t h e salmon s a l t e r y and t r a d i n q p o s t a t Kasaan Bay about h a l f way between Sand Bay and K a r t a Bay. Upon h i s dea th , he r e p o r t e d l y qave t h e t r a d i n g p o s t t o F e l i x Young o f Kasaan. The p r o p e r t y was never k e p t up and l i e s i n r u i n s , covered w i t h underbrush.

( 9 ) The Unc le Sam copper mine, a l s o named the \Jhi t e Eag le , was d i s c o v e r e d i n - - - - -- - 1899 by A l f r e d E . Graimes, an Enal ishman. I t i s l o c a t e d about one and one h a l f m i l e s e a s t o f Kasaan, above a sma l l i s l a n d , and a t an a l t i t u d e o f 430 t o 550 f e e t . The d i s t a n c e f rom Kasaan Bay i s l e s s t h a n h a l f a m i l e . Development must have s t a r t e d soon a f t e r i t s d i s c o v e r y f o r i n 1901 an a e r i a l t r am t o t h e beach and o r e bunkers were b u i l t . Ore shipments were made t o t h e s m e l t e r i n 1906, r e t u r n i n q $22.00 t o t h e t o n . The o r e c o n s i s t e d o f a l ens o f c h a l c o p y r i t e and p y r i t e , s i x t o e i q h t f e e t i n w i d t h , b u t p r a c t i c a l l y a l l t h e known o r e has now been mined o u t . Cons ide rab le m a g n e t i t e a l s o occu rs .

(10) The R ich H i l l Mine l i e s a t an a l t i t u d e o f 500 f e e t , a l i t t l e more t h a n two ---- and o n e - h a l f m i l e s sou theas t o f Kasaan and a lmos t o n e - h a l f m i l e f rom Kasaan Bay. I t was d i s c o v e r e d by Henry Andrew. The f i r s t r e a l development s t a r t e d i n 1917 when t h e p r o s p e c t was taken ove r by Granby Conso l i da ted M i n i n s and Sn le l t i nq Company.

Severa l t u n n e l s were d r i v e n and t h e p r o p e r t y was opened up f o r p r o d u c t i o n . An a d i t was d r i v e n underneath t h e o r e body w i t h a r a i s e t o the s u r f a c e and g l o r y h o l e m i n i n q was conducted. From 160 tons o f c h a l c o p y r i t e o r e , s e n t t o t h e s m e l t e r by the Granby Company, $20.00 p e r t o n was r e c e i v e d . Most o f t h e h i g h grade o r e has been mined o u t , b u t a c o n s i d e r a b l e tonnage o f low qrade remains. Henry Andrew, d i s c o v e r e r o f t he R ich H i l l Mine, was drowned i n Ftarch, 1938, when the cannery tender "Alaska Ch ie f " went down f o l l o w i n g an e x ~ l o s i o n near G r i n d a l l I s l a n d . O f t h e f i v e persons aboard, o n l y Cap ta in Frank Ford o f Kasaan was saved. The R i c h H i l l Mine i s now h e l d by Cap ta in Fred McKay i n Ke tch i kan .

(11) The Pe laska copper p r o s p e c t , o n e - h a l f m i l e i n a s o u t h e r l y d i r e c t i o n f rom t h e head o f "Hole i n t h e Wa l l " a t Hadley, l i e s a t an a l t i t u d e o f about 500 f e e t on t h e west bank o f t h e s t ream t h a t f l o w s i n t o t h e bay. I t was d i s c o v e r e d i n t h e e a r l y days by R icha rd Nuckol I s and s o l d by h im f o r $700.00. No l a r g e o r e body was found.

At the p o i n t o f d i scovery on the h i l l s i d e , t he re i s an o r e dump c o n t a i n i n q about 50 tons o f m a t e r i a l mined from the sur face , and judg ing from appearance, t h i s c o n s t i t u t e s about a l l o f the o re . Many years aqo, a M r . Wicks owned t he prospect , and i n the hope o f f i n d i n g o r e a t depth, drove a long tunnel through l imestone, i n t o the mountain from t he v a l l e y f l o o r , and a l s o a c rosscu t , bu t no o r e was found. About t h a t t ime a l a r g e s l i d e des- t royed the camp, bu t no one was k i l l e d . The tunne l proved u s e f u l even though o r e was n o t found. The cor ruga ted i r o n v e n t i l a t i o n p ipes , which had been p laced i n t he tunnel and l e f t t he re when t he work stopped, p rov ided people l i v i n g i n t h e v i c i n i t y o f Hadley w i t h t h e i r s tove p ipes; bu t by 1938 no t many were l e f t .

The l a t e Frank F red r i c ks , who l i v e d f o r years near t he o l d sme l te r remains a t Hadley, had the prospect s taked i n 1938. About Christmas o f 1939, he committed s u i c i d e .

(12) The Mount Andrew copper mine on Kasaan Peninsula i s t h r e e - f o u r t h s mi l e s f rom Kasaan Bay, a t 1400 f e e t e l e v a t i o n . Whi le coming south f rom Dawson i n 1900, Samuel L i ch tens tad te r met a Capta in Crooks who descr ibed how he had found copper o r e i n the 1870's when hun t ing i n the v i c i n i t y o f Kasaan Bay. L i c h t e n s t a d t e r had come n o r t h as a r ep resen ta t i ve o f a London min ing f i r m and perhaps t he reason why he go t o f f the steamer i n Ketch ikan was because o f what he had been t o l d by Capta in Crooks. L i ch tens tad te r , together w i t h F.F. B lack, Har ry T r imb le and Joe Johnson, went t o Kasaan Bay where they found ou tc ropp ings o f o r e and named t h e p rospec t a f t e r L i c h t e n s t a d t e r ' s backers i n England. Th is must have occurred s h o r t l y a f t e r 1900. The Mount Andrew l r o n and Copper Company was l a t e r formed, w i t h L i c h t e n s t a d t e r as i t s p res i den t , and the p rope r t y was brought i n t o p roduc t i on by t h a t company.

Several tunne ls were d r i v e n and a l a rge tonnage o f o r e was mined bo th by s t o p i n g and by the g l o r y ho l e method. An a e r i a l t ram 3,600 f e e t long c a r r i e d the o r e t o bunkers a t M t . Andrew Landing on Kasaan Bay where a dock was b u i l t and the o r e loaded on steamers and barges f o r shipment t o the sme l te r .

I n October, 1906, the mine go t i n t o p roduc t i on w i t h W . C . Freeburn as super in tend- en t , and be fo re t he end o f t h a t year , c l ose t o 9000 tons o f o r e had been sen t t o t he C ro f t on Smelter i n B r i t i s h Columbia. I n 1907, about 4500 tons per month went t o the smel t e r . I n 1909, a barge, the "Charger" loaded w i t h 3200 tons o f o r e , sprung a leak and was towed t o Kar ta Bay where i t sank. The ou tpu t o f o r e d im in ished and i n 1910 o n l y 400 tons were shipped du r i ng May, and 1200 tons d u r i n g June. E v i d e n t l y the mine c losed down i n 1911. M in ing was resumed about J u l y 1 , 1912, w i t h two s h i f t s , and du r i ng t h a t summer most o f the o re from the sunken barge i n Kar ta Bay was recovered. Th is o r e was the r i c h e s t mined a t the Mount Andrew - - 5.5% i n copper, and some g o l d and s i l v e r . As l a t e as 1942, a t low t i d e , the remains o f the barge cou ld be seen i n Kar ta Bay.

I t i s n o t known whether the mine was worked du r i ng 1913, bu t on January 1 , 1914, m in ing was s t a r t e d under the d i r e c t i o n o f W.J. Rogers and the p rope r t y was surveyed f o r pa ten t . Th is was p robab ly the l a s t year t h a t the mine operated. From the f a l l o f 1943 t o t he summer o f 1944, the U.S. Bureau o f Mines had a crew a t Mount Andrew engaged i n sampl ing o f outcroppinqs and diamond d r i l l i n q . A l a rge body o f i r o n was found under- neath the copper depos i t , but whether o r no t i t j u s t i f i e s development i s n o t known t o the w r i t e r .

Samuel L i ch tens tad te r , p res i den t o f Mount Andrew l r o n and Copper Company was a l s o i n t e r e s t e d i n the C o n s t i t u t i o n prospect and o t h e r m in ing p r o p e r t i e s . He d i e d suddenly

i n h i s room i n t he Stedman Hote l i n Ketch ikan on September 20, 1911. James Freeburn, be fo re coming t o the Mount Andrew, was i n charge o f the Cracker Jack Mine. He l a t e r became manager o f the Chichagof g o l d mine. He d i e d about t en years ago.

(13) The Mamie copper mine, one and one - f ou r t h m i l e s south o f Hadley a t an e l e v a t i o n o f 700 f e e t , was d iscovered i n 1902 by C.W. F i c k e r t . The p rospec t was named the Mamie a f t e r h i s s a i l i n g s loop on which he, a t t h a t t ime, was engaged i n h a u l i n g f r e i g h t f o r t he Mount Andrew mine. Because he h e l d a ha l f -ownersh ip i n t he s loop, Robert A l l i s o n was g i ven p a r t ownership i n the p rospec t . A l l i s o n l a t e r s o l d o u t t o James Freeburn and F i c k e r t s o l d t o Sam Si lverman. Through Si lverman, the Brown Alaska Min ing Company was formed and named a f t e r B.D. Brown, a New York f i n a n c i e r who supp l ied the money f o r the development o f t he p rope r t y . George E . Green was the f i r s t super in tendent , f o l l owed by John Hampson w i t h N.O. Lawson as qeneral manager.

The mine commenced i t s f i r s t shipment o f o r e i n 1904 when 1220 tons went over the 5,500 f o o t a e r i a l t ram t o t he new sme l te r i n Hadley. I n 1905, 12,600 tons were shipped, and i n 1907, 30,000 tons. Average va lues o f the o r e a t t h a t t ime were 3 1/2% copper and 0.05 oz. i n go ld .

I n October, 1907, min ing was c losed down. The o rooe r t y was taken over i n 1913 by Granby Consol idated Min inq and Smel t inq Company and was orobably i n ope ra t i on u n t i l t he s p r i n g o f 1917 when Granby t r a n s f e r r e d i t s opera t ions t o the Rich H i l l and I t mines on Kasaan Bay.

C.W. F i c k e r t , the d iscovere r o f the Mamie, was born i n 1855 i n New York C i t y . Samuel Si lverman, a c t i v e i n the e a r l y m in ing development around Ketch ikan, d i e d i n E l y , Nevada, i n 1933, when 74 years o l d . H is son, S i l a s S . , who was i n Alaska and i n the Po r t l and Canal d i s t r i c t i s c u r r e n t l y ope ra t i ng a mine near Crown King, Ar izona. Stan ley Oaksmith, wel l -known o l d t ime res i den t o f Ketch ikan, who d i e d i n 1950, had been mine foreman a t the Mamie and foreman a t the Hadley Smelter.

(14) The Stevenstown Mine i s above t h e Mamie Mine on Kasaan Peninsula, a t an e l e v a t i o n o f 1006 f e e t , and was found i n 1902 by Chr i s Aus and s o l d by h im t o Sam Si lverman. The p rospec t was l a t e r taken over by Hadley Consol idated Copper Company w i t h Sam Si lverman, p res i den t and George E . Green as mine super in tenden t . Development s t a r t e d i n June o f 1905 and the o r e was sen t f i r s t over a 700- foot su r f ace t ram down the h i l l t o the Mamie Mine and f rom t he re by a e r i a l t ram t o the Hadley Smel ter . A t r a i l one m i l e long l e d down t he south s i d e o f t he pen insu la t o Bogqs Landing on Kasaan Bay. For the f i r s t two months the d a i l y ou tpu t o f o r e was 50 tons, bu t l a t e r i t i n - creased t o 100 tons. Up t o January 1 , 1907, t he mine had produced 35,000 tons o f o r e hav ing an average va lue o f 74 pound cooper, $1.00 i n g o l d and 20 cen ts i n s i l v e r per ton. The f l a t - l y i n g o r e body was p r e t t y w e l l mined o u t when the mine c losed down on J u l y 1, 1907.

I n February 1944, Louis S t i c k and t he w r i t e r went through t he main haulage t unne l , 550 f e e t long, which pene t ra tes t he r i d g e between t he Mount Andrew and t he Mamie Mine and passes underneath t he Stevenstown o r e depos i t . A t t h a t t ime, i t appeared t h a t severa l o f t he o l d load ing chutes made o f heavy p lanks cou ld s t i l l be used.

(15) The Gold Standard Mine on the west s i d e o f Helm Bay was d iscovered i n September, 1897, by Thomas F. Johnson (Helm Bay Johnson) and C.F. Dyer. A r i c h q u a r t z

outc ropp ing o f f r e e m i l l i n g o r e wasfound h a l f a m i l e from the beach and about $20,000 i n g o l d was taken o u t i n a s h o r t t ime by g r i n d i n q the o r e i n an a r r a s t r e .

La te r work inc luded a s h a f t sunk a t 225 f e e t e l e v a t i o n t 3 a depth o f 150 f e e t f rom which d r i f t s were extended, and a few sho r t tunne ls d r i v e n f rom t he sur face . A 5-stamp Risdon m i l l was i n s t a l l e d i n 1899 and run by water porrer. The mine was i n p roduc t i on i n t e r m i t t e n t l y f o r a number o f years.

The country rock i s greenstone s c h i s t i n which two systems o f qua r t z ve i ns occur . The o l d e r , which a re l a rge ve ins , s t r i k e p a r a l l e l w i t h the s c h i s t o s i t y and d i p 60" N.E. ; the younger ve ins f o l l o w the t r end o f the former, bu t d i ~ 60' t o 70° S.W. The p r i n c i p a l v e i n depos i t , which i s developed by the s h a f t , i s o f t he o l d e r system and va r i es from s i x inches t o s i x f e e t i n w id th . About h a l f the va lues were i n f r e e go ld . P roduc t ion i s repor ted t o have been c l ose t o $200,000 and a se l ec ted shipment sent a t one t ime t o the Copper Harbor smel ter y i e l d e d a r e t u r n o f $500.00 per ton.

An o l d newspaper i tem mentioned Thomas Appleton and C.L. Parker o f S e a t t l e , Washington, as s tockho lders i n the o l d company, i n a d d i t i o n t o Johnson and Dyer.

A f t e r l y i n g i d l e f o r some t ime, the mine was s taked by Richard Nucko l l s , and about the same t ime a prospect a t the beach was a l s o staked. La te r a long tunnel was d r i v e n underneath the beach ou tc ropp ing and two ra i ses were run t o the su r face t o pe rm i t m in inq by the g l o r y h o l e method. The stamp m i l l was a l s o moved t o the beach and a long flume b u i l t t o c a r r y water t o an overshot wheel f o r power.

Most o f the min ing a t t he new Gold Standard on the beach was done by persons h o l d i n g sho r t term leases on the beach depos i t . Consequently, the o r o ~ e r t y never rece ived the development t h a t might have proved i t s m e r i t s . Holders o f sho r t term leases cou ld gene ra l l y be expected t o do no th i ng o the r than mine ou t the e a s i l y a v a i l a b l e o re . P a r t i e s w i l l i n g and ab le t o conduct e x p l o r a t i o n were discouraged by the owner ' s i n - s i s t ence t h a t a c e r t a i n tonnaqe o f o re be m i l l e d r e g u l a r l y . A b i g company t a k i n g over the mine would have spent a year o r so concen t ra t i nq i t s e f f o r t s on underground develop- ment and the p rov i ng o f o r e reserves. However, the owners were p r i n c i p a l l y concerned w i t h the smal l r o y a l t y rece ived from the d a i l y m i l l i n g o f about 15 tons o f o re and they seemed unable o r u n w i l l i n g t o look ahead.

From 1923 t o 1925, the mine was leased t o Charles Dunton and A l b e r t S e l i n , and i n 1926 t o Ashely Egtvet and John Bufvers . Another l a t e r leaser was James Freeburn who extended the tunnel cons iderab ly , .but disagreements w i t h the owners f i n a l l y r e s u l t e d i n h i s leav ing. A pa r t ne r sh i p group c o n s i s t i n g o f Anton Wilson, John Folwar tzny, Car l Helm, Ed and Gus Johnson, a l s o operated t he mine f o r a t ime.

For perhaps a year o r two the p rooe r t y was he l d by Homer T i l l y o f Tacoma, Washington, w i t h Clayton L. Leeds as foreman. Dur ing t h i s t ime the o l d Gold Standard was pumped dry , bu t very l i t t l e o re was found i n the o l d workings. The l a s t ope ra to r o f the mine, John Folwar tzny, cont inued u n t i l 1941 when he q u i t and the p r o p e r t y has been i d l e s ince . Probably most o f the o r e above the tunnel l e v e l has been mined o u t , bu t a good s ized o r e body might e x i s t below the tunne l ; however, s i n k i n q w i l l be necessary i n f u r t h e r development.

Dick Nuckol I s and D r . G.E. D i c k i n s o n have been co-owners o f Gold Standard f o r t h e l a s t t h i r t y yea rs . Both a r e r e s i d e n t s o f Ke tch i kan d i s t r i c t s i n c e t h e e a r l y days.

"Helm Bay" Johnson, a grand o l d man, a lways p l e a s a n t and cou r teous , d i e d i n Ke tch i kan on November 1 1 , 1942 a t t h e age o f 82.

(16) The Keystone p r o s p e c t , about two m i l e s f rom t h e head o f Smugglers Cove, a t about 675 f e e t e l e v a t i o n , was under deve lop~nent i n 1902, w i t h J.A. B r a d l e y o f Dubois, Pennsy l van ia , i n charge. The o r e body c o n s i s t e d o f w ioe s tockworks o f s t r i n q e r s i n a s c h i s t b e l t , w i t h much p y r i t e and some g o l d and s i l v e r . Mine work inqs , c o n s i s t i n g o f a c ross c u t t u n n e l and s h a f t s , t o t a l e d about 790 f e e t i n l e n g t h . A l s o , a 6 5 - f o o t s h a f t was sunk. The p r o p e r t y has been i d l e now f o r h a l f a c e n t u r y .

B rad ley d i e d i n Ke tch i kan on May 9, 1702 f rom i n j u r i e s r e c e i v e d when h i s boat was wrecked on t h e rocks a t t h e n o r t h end o f B e t t o n I s l a n d i n Behm Canal .

(17) The F l a q s t a f f Mine on t h e n o r t h e a s t s l o p e o f G r a n i t e Mounta in , about f o u r m i l e s southwest o f K a r t a Bay, was d i scove red about 1900 by Antone de Nornie, a Chippewa I n d i a n , p r o b a b l y f rom Minnesota . Severa l v e i n s o u t c r o p on t h e p r o n e r t y f rom e l e v a t i o n s o f 1409 t o 2400 f e e t . I t i s b e l i e v e d t h a t t h e f i r s t development was f i n a n c e d by a D r . G u t h r i e , b u t t h e e a r l y h i s t o r y o f t h e mine i s n o t remembered by anyone now l i v i n q i n t h e r e q i o n .

I n 1525, Tom Stevens owned c l a i m s on t h e s o u t h s i d e o f a t r i b u t a r y o f G r a n i t e Creek. On t h e n o r t h s i d e o f t h e s t ream W i l l i a m Shepherd had s taked c l a i m s , b u t l a t e r Stevens owned a l l t h e ground. About 1931, Mrs. B i a A n n ? t t e q rubs taked Tom Stevens and r e c e i v e d h a l f i n t e r e s t i n t h e p r o ~ e r t y . I n 1937, t h e ground was taken o v e r by t h e F l a g s t a f f M i n i n g Company, W i l l i a m M. Goodwin, p r e s i d e n t and manager. I n t e r e s t e d i n t h e company were D . S . and C.B. Horga re idge o f Ten S leep, Wyominq, and Henry J . Mesta and George W . She r i can o f P i t t s b u r g h , Pennsy l van ia , b o t h connected w i t h an e a s t e r n s t e e l c o r p o r a t i o n .

The F l a g s t a f f M i n i n g Company c o n s t r u c t e d a two-mi l e t r u c k road f rom K a r t a Lake, up G r a n i t e Creek, t o an e l e v a t i o n o f 510 f e e t where t h e m i n i n g camp was l o c a t e d and a 20 - ton m i l l e r e c t e d . The o l d main t u n n e l , a t 1400 f e e t e l e v a t i o n , was ex tended i n on t h e v e i n t o a t o t a l l e n g t h o f 1120 f e e t , and a c o n s i d e r a b l e tonnage o f o r e was mined and sent t o t h e m i l l o v e r t h e 1800- foot a e r i a l t ram. A 5 5 - f o o t w inze was sunk w i t h t h e bo t tom i n o re .

I n t h e main l e v e l , t h e v e i n i s as much as 40 inches wide, b u t i t averages about 20 inches. S i x hundred f e e t above t h e main t u n n e l , t h e v e i n i s f o u r f e e t w ide and w e l l m i n e r a l i z e d . There a r e a l s o o t h e r v e i n s t h a t have n o t been exp lo red . M i n e r a l s i n t h e main v e i n i n c l u d e ga lena, c h a l c o ~ v r i t e , p y r i t e , s ~ h a l e r i t e , c o v e l l i t e , and c h a l c o c i t e . Exper imenta l o r e - t e s t i n g would p r o b a b l y be r e q u i r e d t o de te rm ine a p roper and e f f i c i e n t m i l l r ecove ry method. F a i l u r e t o recove r a l a r g e p a r t o f t h e g o l d i n t h e m i l l was t h e reason g i v e n f o r c l o s i n g t h e mine i n 1941.

As t h e mine has o n l y been developed on one l e v e l i t may a t some t i m e i n t h e f u t u r e be taken ove r by persons f i n a n c i a l l y a b l e t o ex tend t h e main l e v e l and e x p l o r e some o f t h e many o t h e r o u t c r o p p i n g s , and perhaps deve lop a r e a l l a r q e p roducer .

Antone de Nomie, t he man who d i s c o v e r e d t h e T reasu re p r o s p e c t , as t h e F l a g s t a f f - - - - - . . - - was f i r s t c a l l e d , came t o Valdez i n lo?' i n t n e emnloy o f a Ma jo r Ba ldw in f r o m Y inneso ta . He then j o i n e d the rush i n t o t h e i n t e r i o r o f A laska by way o f t h e Copper and Tanana R i v e r s . He a l s o spent a l i t t l e t i m e around Wq i teho rse b e f o r e coming t o Sou theas te rn A laska .

I n p a r t n e r s h i p w i t h ( ? ) B rad fo rd , Antone de Nomie a l s o d i s c o v e r e d a copoer showing about one and o n e - h d l f m i l e s back o f Palmer Cove. Palmer Cove l i e s about f o u r m i l e s n o r t h o f W i n d f a l l Ha rbo r . Moving l a t e r t o t h e P o r t l a n d Canal d i s t r i c t , he t h e r e l o c a t e d t h e I n d i a n Mine, wh i ch a f t e r rnany ups and downs, was f i n a l l y , i n t h e e a r l y p a r t o f 1951, p u t i n t o p r o d u c t i o n a f t e r t h e owners were j o i n e d i n t h e development by t h e nea rby , w e l l - known. S i l b a c k P remie r Mine. What became o f de Nomie a f t e r he l e f t P o r t l a n d Canal i s n o t known. Acco rd ing t o o l d t i m e r s , he had a r e o u t a t i o n o f b e i n q a b l e t o c o v e r much clround when o u t p r o s p e c t i n q .

An a r r a s t r e , near t h e a l t i t u d e o f 2530 f e e t on G r a n i t e Mounta in , was b u i l t a round 11116 by ken LeLb ran t , an c x ~ e r t on t l l a t k i n d o f m i l l and a : ~ e l I -known p r o s o e c t o r . L e i b r a n t i s now l i v i n q i n r e t i r e m e n t near Yaple F a l l s . Washinqton.

Tonr Stevens, ,ment ioned i n t h e d i s c u s s i o n o f t he Cascade V ine, and the F l a g s t a f f N ine s t a k e d f o r m ny y e a r s . qe was ;r t y . > i c a l n r o s p e c t o r o f t h e b reed t h a t , i n y e a r s (lone by , roamed t i e wes te rn i i i l I s , ano t y t l ~ c i r d i s c o v e r i e s h e l p e d t o make t h e west as i t i s today. Tom was never downhearted and al i : ,~ys ready t o t a k e a chance. There a r e few p r o s p e c t o r s l i k e n im today. T c m S tevens ' c h i l d r e n l acked t h e i r f a t h e r ' s i n t e r e s t i r i ~ n i n i n g and t h e F l a g s t a f f Mine i s now owned by Mrs. 9 i a A n n e t t e and h e r son Kenneth, b o t h o f Ke tch i kan .

(1G) Tne Independent Copper p r o s p e c t i s one and one-ha1 f m i l e s west o f Kasaan - - - - - -. - - - - - - . and was d i s c o v e r e d by e i t t ~ e r Joe llahoney o r Ed McGann. E a r l y development c o n s i s t e d o f s t r i p n i n q ove rou rden frorr l t l i . o u t c r o p , s i n k i n q a s h o r t s h a f t and s i i i n p i n q a l i t t l e o r e . Tne ~ a r t n e r s h i n d u r i n r l t h i s work was composed o f Mahonev, McGann and James Coleman, b u t i t d i d n o t s u r v i v e l onq because Coleman was a d i f f i c u l t p e r s o n a l i t y and h i s two p a r t n e r s wa lked away l e a v i r y t t le .> ros?ect t o him.

S ince t i ~ a t t i m e , no ~1orlc has been done a t t h e n r o s p e c t excep t f o r a few diamond d r i l l h o l e s d r i l l e d i n 1$1+3 by t h e U.S. Bureau o f Mines. The d r i l l i n g p roved t h e o r e body t o be b u t a s h a l l o i ~ ca; lp ing. The o r e , m o s t l y of c h a l c o o v r i t e , wou ld make good m i l 1 f eed , b u t i s t o o low f o r s h i o p i n q . Samoles taken by t h e w r i t e r i n 1336 assayed as f o l lows:

Across 4 f e e t , g o l d 9.42 oz . s i l v e r 4.40 oz . copper 5 .43% Across J f e e t , g o l d '3.28 oz . s i l v e r 3.80 oz . copper 2.91% A c r o s s 6 f e c t , g o l d 0 . 1 0 0 ~ . s i l v e r 1 . 4 0 0 ~ . copper 1 .55% s e l e c t sample, g o l d 0.44 oz . s i l v e r 2.10 oz. copper t r a c e

Cons ide rab le m a g n e t i t e i s a l s o p r e s e n t .

Joe Mahoney was b o r n i n M i c h i g a n i n 1873, and a f t e r coming t o K e t c h i k a n he spen t h i s l i f e as a m ine r and p r o s p e c t o r . The Mahoney Mine a t George l n l e t was d i s c o v e r e d by h im b e f o r e 1905 and he was found dead i n t h e c a b i n t h e r e abou t March 1 , 1940. Ed McGann, Mahoney's p a r t n e r , b o t h i n t h e lndependent and George I n l e t p r o s p e c t s , d i e d i n K e t c h i k a n i n 1929 a t t h e age o f 61.

James Coleman, a b lacksmi th and d r i l l sharpener by t rade, had been employed i n many o f the e a r l y mines around Kasaan Bay. He d iscovered t he Poorman Mine, two m i l es west o f Kasaan and about 3000 f e e t n o r t h from t i d e water sometime be fo re 1905. Coleman l i v e d i n a cab in a t t he mouth o f Poorman Creek, two m i l es from Kasaan, and he disappeared i n November, 1348. He had gone t o Kasaan f o r h i s ma i l and on h i s way home had l e f t h i s packsack and kerosene j a r about 1000 f e e t eas t o f t he 1 1/2 m i l e pos t . Probably he became t i r e d wa lk ing t he t r a i l and went down t o the beach where he d ied . High t i d e s may have c a r r i e d h i s body away.

(18) The Cascade Mine a t 1300 f e e t e l e v a t i o n and c l ose t o f ou r m i l e s i n a south- west d i r e c t i o n from H o l l i s , P r ince o f Wales I s l and , was d iscovered i n e i t h e r 1900 o r 1901 by Richard Nucko l l s when he found h i g h grade qua r t z f l o a t i n the creek below the fa1 I s . aecause o f the r i c h showing a t the su r face o f the v e i n (assay i n g more than $200.00 t o the t on ) , the prospect soon a f t e rwa rd s o l d t o Sam Si lverman f o r a cash down payment o f $10,000. Si lverman, a prominent m in ing man, was the head o f Brown Alaska Min ing Corporat ion, which operated Stevenstown Copper Mine and Hadley Smelter on Kasaan Peninsula.

F i r s t work a t the prospect cons is ted o f running an open cu t a long the two- foo t wide ve i n from t he southwest bank o f the creek, and the o r e takcn o u t was sacked f o r pack ing t o H o l l i s , and the haul by boat t o the Hadley Smel ter . As a road was never b u i l t t o the Cascade Mine, the cos t o f t r a n s p o r t a t i o n was very h i g h f o r which reason, and perhaps f o r o t he r s , a l l work was suspended by Si lverman a f t e r about two years. La te r the prospect was s taked by d i f f e r e n t p a r t i e s and i n 1913 and 1914, i t was h e l d by Charles Radenbaugh, who packed i n a smal l two-stamp m i l l t h a t was run by water power, bu t the o r e i n depth turned i n t o base and amalgamation was unable t o ca tch the go ld and the ope ra t i on d i d not pay. Jake L e i b r a n t a l s o had the qround s taked i n the e a r l y days. I n 1331 the p rope r t y was s taked and h e l d f o r some t ime by Tom Stevens, a well-known miner and p rospec to r . I t was aqa in staked, around 1938, by James Matuska, now o f Juneau.

Few persons would have t ack l ed the j o b t h a t Matuska took on as he went t o the expense and hard work o f pack inq i n a f i s l e - t o n b a l l m i l l , c rusher and concen t ra t i ng t ab l e , o f course, a l l sec t i ona l i zed , bu t s t i l l a d i f f i c u l t j o b because o f the poor t r a i l . A lso 250 f e e t o f seven-inch wooden p i ~ e , i n e i q h t - f o o t leng ths , was taken i n because t he m i l l was t o run by water power. At the beg inn ing o f the second World War, Matuska had h i s m i l l s e t up ready t o g r i n d the se lec ted o re he had mined, bu t because o f government o b j e c t i o n s t o go l d min ing, he l e f t t o work f o r the qovernment on Annette I s l and . Return ing a f t e r the war, he found t h a t a snow s l i d e had c a r r i e d away the m i l l . The p rope r t y i s s t i l l h e l d by Matuska, bu t h i s p lans f o r the f u t u r e a re no t known.

I n the e a r l y days a d r a f t was run on the ve i n f o r 175 f e e t , showing an average w id th o f two f e e t . Th is d r i f t i s l oca ted across the creek from where t r ench ing o f h i gh grade o r e was done. M e t a l l i c m inera ls a re p y r i t e , z i n c blende, qalena, and go ld , w i t h qua r t z and c a l c i t e gangue. The v e i n s t r i k e s N. 5 3 " W . , d i ps 70" S . W . , and by t rench ing , i t would perhaps be t raced a longer d i s t ance up t he h i l l .

A c rosscu t tunnel was d r i v e n i n the e a r l y days f o r 300 f e e t t o undercut the ve i n below the d r a f t , bu t was n o t advanced f a r enough -- about 100 f e e t more migh t have cu t the ve in .

Richard Nucko l l s , the d i s cove re r , known t o everybody as Dick, was born i n Gambetta, V i r g i n i a and d ied i n Ketch ikan, J u l y d , 1943, almost 84 years o f age. Before coming t o Southeastern Alaska, he had prospected i n Lower C a l i f o r n i a , Mexico and i n Alaska -- the Copper R ive r reg ion , be fo re Cordova was on the map -- and a l s o i n the Nabesna and Mentasta Pass areas. Charles Radenbaugh a l s o had loca ted the Snow Dr i f t p rospec t one and one- four th m i l es east o f Cascade, but o re samples from t h a t p lace assay low. Radenbaugh d ied many years ago. Jake L e i b r a n t , l i v i n g a t h i s homestead near M i l e 2 1/2 west o f Kasaan, disappeared i n 1928 and Tom Stevens d i ed i n 1938 a t the age o f 84. ( P i c t u r e o f Stevens i n P ioneer Hal I , Ketch ikan) .

( I d ) The C o n s t i t u t i o n prospect on P r i nce o f Wales I s l a n d i s s i t u a t e d about seven m i l es by t r a i l up MCG? l v e r y Creek Val l e y i n a sou thwes te r l y d i r e c t i o n f rom the west end o f Salmon Lake, a t an a l t i t u d e o f 2000 f e e t . I n a smal l stream on the h i l l - s i d e f ac i ng the south, and t h ree - f ou r t hs o f a m i l e n o r t h o f McGilvery Creek, a tunnel has been d r i v e n on the v e i n f o r 130 f e e t . Probably the prospect was f i r s t l oca ted by f i n d i n g q u a r t z f l o a t i n the stream, as the w r i t e r d i d years l a t e r . A t the p o r t a l , the v e i n i s f o u r f e e t wide, but i n the face o f the t unne l , i t has narrowed t o f i v e inclles aad appears t o be c u t o f f . Below the tunne l , the w r i t e r , i n June, 1933, uncovered the v e i n f o r a d is tance o f 200 f e e t . Average w id th was one and one-half f e e t , and average va lues around $20.00 i n go l d t o the ton. I n the tunne l , the v e i n s t r i k e s N. 65" W . , w i t h the d i p va r y i ng from v e r t i c a l t o boo S.W. Ore m inera ls a re p y r i t e , c h a l c o p y r i t e , galena, and z i n c blende f i l l i n g a shear zone i n gabbro and amph ibo l i te .

The C o n s t i t u t i o n prospect was d iscovered i n 1900 by Dave "Scot ty" N icho ls , and soon a f te rwards , i t was taken over by Sam L i ch tens tad te r , a wel l -known min ing promoter o f t h a t t ime. Before 1995, the ahove-mentioned tunnel had been d r i ven and a l s o a s h o r t e r one h igher up. R e ~ o r t e d l y , Burkenheimer and H icks , a shoe manufactur inq concern i n San Franc isco, f inanced most o f t h e work done. As the d is tance t o t i dewate r a t Kar ta Bay i s c l ose t o 15 m i l es , the cos t o f f r e i g h t i n g supp l ies was p r o h i b i t i v e and f o r t h a t reason, develop~nent was stopped.

I n 1907, the prospect was restaked by Richard Nucko l l s , and i t then remained i d l e u n t i l June, 1932, when i t was s taked by W.L. Ph i l b rook and the w r i t e r . I n the years between 1907 and 1932, the prospect had become a " l o s t mine" and severa l persons had been l ook i ng f o r i t w i t hou t any luck . The lower tunnel i s approx imate ly 3003feet south from the top o f the r i dge . Sawtooth Mountain i s not much more than a m i l e west f rom the r i d g e above the p rospec t .

Sco t ty N i c h o l l s a l s o d iscovered the Eagles Nest group o f c la ims on Kasaan Peninsula and spent much o f h i s t ime p rospec t inq t h a t reg ion. He d i ed i n Ketch ikan on November 2 , 1937, a t the age o f 65. Ph i l b rook , w i t h a r e p u t a t i o n as one o f the best cooks i n Alaska, d ied about 1948.

( IS ) The McGi l v e r y prospect , probably f i r s t s ~ a k e d on J u l y 26, 1303, by ----- Michael McGi l v e r y and named the B lackb i r d ( i n the e a r l y days i t was a l s o known as the Independent) i s s i t u a t e d a t the head o f McGi l v e r y Creek, a sou thwes te r l y t r i b u t a r y o f Salmon Lake. The d is tance from the lake t o the prospect i s about n i ne m i l es .

At an e l e v a t i o n o f 1300 f e e t the v e i n i s one f o o t wide, w h i l e h i ghe r up the mountain the w id th i s two f e e t . Ore m inera ls a re galena, p y r i t e , and z i n c b lende, the coun t ry rock be ing s l a t e and graywacke. The v e i n s t r i k e s N. 75" W . , and d ips

75" S . W . , has f r e e wal I s , and occu rs a l o n q a s h e a r i n g p l a n e i n a l t e r e d ~ o r p h y r y ( a n d e s i t e ) , wh ich i s i n c l u d e d i n a g e n e r a l l y much a l t e r e d sed imentary complex. The p r o s p e c t was d i s c o v e r e d around 1900 by h i k e 14cGi lvery who d i e d about 1915.

Acco rd ing t o rumor HcGi l v e r y had v e r y r i c h o r e and b rough t g o l d w i t h h im e v e r y t i m e he came i n t o Ke tch i kan , b u t t h i s s t o r y m i q h t be deba tab le . Fo1Iowing M c G i l v e r y l s dea th i n 1915, no one v i s i t e d t h e p r o s p e c t u n t i l 1934 when i t was v i s i t e d by E r i k Lindeman and Ne ls U lander . I n 1945 t h e p r o s p e c t was s taked by V i c t o r Hautop, b u t t h e ground i s now open. Across t h e mounta in f rom the McGi l ve ry p r o p e r t y , a t t h e head o f t h e n o r t h f o r k o f H a r r i s Creek, m i n e r a l i z e d v e i n s have bcen found. Should a road e v e r be b u i l t up t h e N o r t h Fo rk , and m i n i n g t h e r e unucr taken, then perhaps a tunne l m igh t be d r i v e n i n t o t h e r i d g e t h a t separa tes McGi l ve ry Creek f rom t h e N o r t h Fork and then the o l d p r o s p e c t c o u l d e a s i l y be mined.

Snowsl ides occu r f r e q u e n t l y i n t he v i c i n i t y o f McGi l ve ry p r o s p e c t . I n t h e s ~ r i n q o f 1933, when t h e w r i t e r was p r o s p e c t i n q t h e C o n s t i t u t i o n , two m i l e s away, t i l e heavy thunder o f snow s l i d e s c o u l d be hearc, about noon each day. On t h e n o r t h s i d e o f McGi l ve ry Creek, nea r t h e head, i s t he Sawtooth Mounta in wh ich can be seen f rom uoper Kasaan Bay and f rom Twelve M i l e Arrn i n f r o n t o f H o l l i s . The g r e a t h e i q h t and s teep s i d e s o f t h e mounta in c o m p l e t e l y dwar f t h e na r row v a l l e y o f McGi l ve ry Creek a t i t s head.

(19) The Lucky Nel l Mine, d i scove red on 14ay 23, 1900, by George Gerva is and W i l l i a m C r o w e l l , i s s i t u a t e d about seven and o n e - h a l f m i l e s no r thwes t o f k i o l l i s a t an e l e v a t i o n o f f r o m 1450 t o 1623 f e e t .

Gerva is had worked i n copper mines ~t B u t t e , Montana, and came t o t h e west coas t o f P r i n c e o f Wales I s l a n d f o r t he Durpose o f l o o k i n g f o r g o l d i n the r i v e r at f l o w s f rom Klawak Lake. Not f i n d i n g any p l a c e r q o l d , Gerva is moved t o the e a s t end o f t h e l a k e on a r a f t and p rospec ted up t h e v a l l e y o f t h e n o r t h f o r k o f H a r r i s Creek where he found t h e Lucky Nel l v e i n . L a t e r i n t he same y e a r t h e upper e x t e n s i o n o f t h e v e i n was s t a k e d as t h e Commander group by Gerva i s , W.N. ( B i l l ) Lynch, and C a p t a i n H . N . James.

I n 1902, a l l t h e c l a i m s were s o l d t o an E n g l i s h s y n d i c a t e f o r $87,000 b u t , as o n l y p a r t o f t h e purchase p r i c e was p a i d , t he p r o p e r t y l a t e r r e v e r t e d t o i t s o r i g i n a l owners. Between 1900 and 1910, f i v e a d i t s were d r i v e n on t h e v e i n a t s e v e r a l e l e v a t i o n s .

W. C rowe l l s o l d h i s i n t e r e s t i n 1310 t o a M r . Brown o f New York C i t y (perhaps Brown A laska M i n i n g Company o f Had ley) , b u t something apparent1 y happened t o t h i s dea l as t h a t sha re i n t h e p r o p e r t y was l a t e r s taked by Gerva i s . W.N. Lynch d i e d about 1913 and Cap ta in James passed away i n 1983.

I n a survey o f t h e m i n i n g i n d u s t r y around Ke tch i kan i n 1914, Emi l E . H u r i a ment ioned t h a t t h e Lucky N e l l was then owned by George Gerva i s , and h i s b r o t n e r Fred Gerva i s . The Commander groups o f c l a i m s was owned by Gus D e t l i f s o n .

A shipment o f 30 tons o f o r e f rom t h e Lucky N e l l , s e n t t o a s m e l t e r i n t h e s p r i n g o f 1914 went $46.00 p e r t o n and n e t t e d $33.00 p e r t o n a f t e r smel t i n g and f r e i g h t charges had been p a i d .

I n 1914, the J u l i a c la ims and Humboldt group, s i t u a t e d on the h i l l s i d e n o r t h o f the s h a f t , were owned by M. K. and J.H. Rodgers, bu t leased t o Matthew Reese and Har ry Webber. P rev i ous l y , M.K. Rodgers had d i r e c t e d the opening up o f t he Hidden Creek Copper Mine near Observatory I n l e t , B.C., taken over about 1911 by Granby Consol idated Min ing and Smel t ing Company. Anyox Smelter was l a t e r b u i l t the re . Matthew Reese h e l d t h e lease on the H a r r i s Creek Mine a lone du r i ng the F i r s t World War and he found and mined o u t a r i c h pocket , wor th $10,000, i n the workings below t he creek. Reese i n s t a l l e d a 50-ton b a l l m i l l purchased from the S a l t Chuck Mine and d i d much t o p u t the p rope r t y i n b e t t e r ope ra t i ng c o n d i t i o n .

Joseph Henry Rodgers i n 1922 moved t o Colorado and became a lead ing g e o l o g i s t o f t h a t S ta te where he d ied i n Boulder, A p r i l 23, 1952. He was a p a r t owner o f the S l i d e Mine a t Gold H i l l , Colorado. H i s b ro the r Myron was assoc ia ted w i t h him i n the e a r l y development a t the Hidden Creek Mine, Anyox, B.C.

About 1923, the mine was taken over by the Kasaan Gold M in ing Company and among i t s most prominent s tockho lders were Sidney Drake, H.D. Larned, W. Updike, and the sec re ta r y F.H. Knowlton, a l l o f Sea t t l e , Washington. J e r r y Walker, a lumberman o f Hoquiam, Washington, and T . L . Moore, m inera l surveyor o f M t . Vernon, Washington. W.J. Elmendorf was c o n s u l t i n g engineer .

A l a r g e sum o f money was spent develop ing and equ ipp ing the mine. Except f o r a shutdown i n 1925, p roduc t i on f rom the sha f t s and s i x l e v e l s con t inued u n t i l January, 1929. Because o f the g r a p h i t e i n the o re , a poor recovery o f go l d was made and bo th cyan ida t i on and f l o t a t i o n was used.

The Humboldt t unne l , on the h i l l s i d e n o r t h o f the s h a f t , was d r i v e n a long d i s t ance t o ge t beneath t he o l d George prospect on which good o re had been found. Wi th o n l y a I i t t l e more than 100 f ee t t o go, the Kasaan Gold Company c losed down i n January o f 1929.

I n A p r i l 1926 on t h e w r i t e r ' s f i r s t v i s i t t o H o l l i s , the mine was c losed down w i t h o n l y a watchman by the name o f Freeman there. Went w i t h him underground t o the deepest l e ve l on 300 and found a1 l workings pumped d ry . A t t h a t t ime a new road had been cons t ruc tzd by the T e r r i t o r y t o the mine s t a r t i n g on south s i d e o f the bay where H a r r i s Creek f lows ou t and w i t h b r idges over bo th I nd i an and H a r r i s Creeks. When the mine reopened, about a year l a t e r , A.L. Howard became super in tendent , bu t a f t e r a year res igned and h i s p lace was taken by Haro ld Hales.

(20) The George p rospec t was d iscovered i n 1903 by James Bawden who gave i t t o B i l l H a r r i s . I t was l a t e r owned by Dr. Henry C. S to ry and B ig Gus D e t l i f s o n o f Ketchikan. About 1923, the prospect was staked by O l i v e r Davis, a well-known wood c u t t e r , and i n 1926 Kasaan Gold M in ing Company purchased the prospect f rom Davis f o r $1,500. However, the company c losed down be fo re i t had t ime t o open up the prospect . O.K. H i l lman , a miner work ing f o r the company, spent h i s evenings a t the George p rospec t , where, by us ing a mor ta r f o r c rush ing he was a b l e t o pan ou t more than $500 wor th o f go ld .

I n 1934, the e n t i r e p rope r t y o f the Kasaan Gold M in ing Company was leased t o Wendell1 Dawson, who made a good cleanup o f the go l d l o s t i n the o l d m i l l . He then moved t o t he Georqe p rospec t , found r i c h o re , and l a t e r i n s t a l l e d a smal l m i l l . W i th the excep t ion o f the p e r i o d du r i ng the Second World War, when he served as L t . Commander i n t he Navy, Oawson operated the mine u n t i l 1950.

Wendell Dawson d i d no t do any min ing a t H a r r i s Creek a f t e r 1950 as he and B i l l Fromholzt then became occupied w i t h Granduc copper c la ims i n B.C. a t headquarters o f Le Duc R iver near the Alaska border. A f t e r se l l ing Granduc, Dawson purchased a f i n e home o u t s i d e S e a t t l e , eas t o f Lake Washington, bu t kep t on p rospec t i ng du r i ng the summers. On such a t r i p he d i e d May 19, 1965, i n Hawthorne, Nevada, 69 years o l d .

B i l l Fromholdzt had passed away some years be fo re i n Juneau, Alaska.

Benjamin F r a n k l i n Redman, born i n 1848, i n S t . Lou is M i ssou r i , was we1 I-known i n t h i s d i s t r i c t a t the heginn ing o f the cen tu ry . Besides do ing a l i t t l e p rospec t i ng he was q u i t e a ca rd p l aye r and a conv inc ing t a l k e r . I n the 19201s he l i v e d f o r a number o f years i n the o l d l og cab in a t H o l l i s and l a t e r moved t o Kasaan. He l e f t Kasaan i n December, I938 on Capta in Frank Murphy's se ine boat "Rio Grande" f o r Ketch ikan and the Pioneers Home i n S i t k a , where i n d ied i n 1940. H i s o n l y son W i l l s Redman was a well-known p rospec to r around H o l l i s . He l a t e r moved t o the Westward o f Alaska and i t was repor ted t h a t he committed s u i c i d e .

Charles Dunton i s s t i l l l i v i n g near Lod i , C a l i f o r n i a . Dunton S t r e e t i n Ketch ikan i s probably named a f t e r him. I n 1932-33, M.K. Rodgers was assoc ia ted f i n a n c i a l l y w i t h Ma r t i n Bugge i n min ing a t Helm Bay, bu t was l i v i n g i n Colorado. Matthew Reese well-known min ing engineer , born i n Wales i n 1877, d i ed i n S e a t t l e , Washington, i n the f a l l o f 1948. Haro ld Hales, t he l a s t super in tendent a t H a r r i s Creek has gone f a r s i nce the mine c losed down i n 1929. For a number o f years, Hales has been genera l manager o f the S h e r r i t t Gordon Mine i n Manitoba, one o f the l a r g e s t mines i n Canada. Before coming t o H a r r i s Creek as m i l l foreman i n 1926, Hales operated the m i l l a t the S a l t Chuck Mine.

(21) The Cracker Jack Mine i s loca ted on the n o r t h s i d e o f H o l l i s Mountain above the Puya l lup Mine and two m i l e s i n a sou thwes te r l y d i r e c t i o n from H o l l i s , P r i nce o f Wales ~ s l a n d . Th is p rope r t y , d iscovered i n 1900, by James Bawden, has t he ou tc ropp ing o f one o f the most p e r s i s t e n t q u a r t z ve ins i n the Ketch ikan d i s t r i c t . The v e i n has been t raced from P o r t a l tunnel ( e l e v a t i o n about 300 f e e t ) i n a southeast d i r e c t i o n f o r more than 4000 f e e t t o the H o l l i s tunnel (1500 f e e t e l e v a t i o n ) . The v e i n w i d t h v a r i e s bu t a t one sur face exposure i t measured 14 f e e t . Ore m inera ls a re p y r i t e , galena, z i n c blende and a b lack s o f t sulphantimony m ine ra l . The s t r i k e o f the v e i n i s N. 25' W w i t h a d i p o f 35" S.W.

P r a c t i c a l l y a l l development was accomplished be fo re 1907 and p r i n c i p a l work ings a r e the No. 1 and No. 2 tunnels . No. 1 tunnel i s f i r s t a c rosscu t f o r 215 f e e t , then i t f o l l ows the v e i n f o r about 700 f e e t . Two ra i ses were d r i v e n on the v e i n f o r approx imate ly 40 f e e t above the tunnol and a l i t t l e o re was stoped. A t 800 f e e t e l e v a t i o n , the tunnel s t a r t s a t the creek t h a t f lows by the Puya l lup Mine, t he p o r t a l be ing loca ted a t the s i d e o f a w a t e r f a l l which was once i ngen ious l y u t i l i z e d t o a i d i n b r i n g i n g f r e s h a i r i n t o the tunne l . In takes o f the v e n t i l a t i n g p i p e l i n e were p laced near the f a l l s where the d r a f t f rom the f a l l i n g water en te red the p i p e l i n e .

Charles D. Lane, o f C a l i f o r n i a and Nome min ing fame, had an o p t i o n on t he Cracker Jack p rope r t y i n t he e a r l y days and the No. 1 tunnel was d r i v e n a t t h a t t ime w i t h James Freeburn, another well-known Alaska min ing man, as foreman. However, a f t e r the tunnel had progressed t o a p o i n t pas t t he second ra i se , Lane's o p t i o n was cance l led . The d r i f t i n g beyond t h a t p o i n t was l a t e r done by t he Brown Alaska Company, which, f o r

a s l ~ o r t tirne, exp lored the p rope r t y . Tunnel No. 2 , a t 1050 f e e t e l e v a t i o n , i s on the south s i de o f the creek and runs as a c rosscu t f o r the f i r s t 225 f e e t then f o r 30U f ee t i t f o l l ows the ve in . A r a i s e has been d r i v e n on the ve in , and i f the w r i t e r ' s memory i s c o r r e c t , t h i s extends t o the su r face .

Across thc creek from No. 2 tunnel about 400 f e e t o f d r i f t i n g has been done i n an o re depos i t t oa t may be an o f f s h o o t f rom the main ve in .

At I>UU fee t e l e v a t i o n i s t l ie Hol l i s tunnel which i s about 1100 f e e t i n leng th . Th is tunnel en te rs the h i l l t h a t faces h o l l i s Bay and i t i s v i s i b l e from there . C ~ ~ a r l e s D. Lane, who a l s o operated the P u y ~ l l u p t l ine a t t h a t t ime, l a i d a heavy corrugateu p i p e l i n e between the H o l l i s tunnel and the Puyal lup Mine. High grade o r e was pu t i n t o the p i p e l i n e and run down by water t o the Puya l lup stamp m i l l . Pa r t s o f t h a t p i p e l i n e were s t i l l i n s u r ~ r i s i n q l y qood c o n d i t i o n i n the 1930's.

A very good corduroy tram-road connectec! h o l l i s w i t h the Puya l lup Mine. and a s i m i l a r roao branched o f f f rom the P u y < ~ l l u p and ascended t o the H o l l i s tunnel . A sho r t s i de road and a b r i dge over the creek led t o the 140. 1 tunne l . I t would be d i f f i c u l t t o use the o l d roads now as they are p a r t l y qrown over and the corduroy i s r o t t e n . A l l the b u i l d i n g s a t the Cracker Jack Minc~ are now down.

Besides tne tunnels a l ready r e f e r r e d to , severa l s i i o r t e r ones have been d r i v e n and should the p r i c e o f go ld be advanced t o around SbCJ.03 Der ounce, the Cracker Jack probably would be reopened because i t iias a larclc tonnage o f ore.

James Bawden, who loca ted the mine, was a cooFer by t rade. He a l s o d iscovered dhe Telegraph prospect on George I n l e t , and now named t l ie Londevan. Bawden S t ree t i n Ketch ikan i s named a f t e r him. tie d ied many y ~ a r s ago i n the s t a t es .

A f t e r the d iscovery o f the Cracker Jack, Bawden i n t e r e s t e d H o l l i s White i n the prospect bu t n o t much i s reine:;ibered about t h i s person. I t i s p robab le t h a t H o l l i s Post O f f i c e was named a f t e r H o l l i s White. Ev i den t l y White, whose w i f e was r e p o r t e d l y a soc i e t y woman, had money, f o r he b u i l t a b i g f i n e house near the beach and above the l og cab in on Hol l i s Bay. Many years l a t e r t i le liouse burned down whi l e occupied by B ig Gus D e t l i f s e n , another ear l y -day p r o s ~ x c t o r . According t o Ben Le ib ran t , D e t l i f s e n purposely se t f i r e t o the house - f o r reasons unknown. D e t l i f s e n once was c h i e f o f p o l i c e i n Ketchikan. I n nar tnersh i ! , w i t h D r . Henry S to ry , D e t l i f s e n a l s o once owned the prospect n o r t h o f H a r r i s Creek t l i a t now i s known as the Dawson Mine.

A t a l a t e r date, Maurice tlcMicken, a S e a t t l e a t t o rney , became i n t e r e s t e d i n the Cracker Jack I l i ne , and a f t e r 3awcieri's death he ob ta ined co r i t r o l o f the ownership. I n 1939, I'lcMicken a r r i v e d a t H o l l i s on h i s yacht "Lotus". I n a d d i t i o n t o h i s grown sons, he had w i t h him James L. Cleaghorn, a m in ing engineer who was t o d i r e c t a smal l crew o f men i n su r f ace s t r i p p i n q and sampl ing o f t he bower ve i n . Th i s lower v e i n i s about 200 f ee t i n a no r t hwes te r l y d i r e c t i o n from the v e i n ou tc ropp ings above No. 1 tunne l . Trenching across the lower ve i n , which has an average w i d t h o f about two f ee t , was done f o r a d is tance o f 500 f e e t and some samples assayed q u i t e h igh . Th i s v e i n can best be developed by a cross c u t i n an nor theas t d i r e c t i o n f rom No. 1 tunne l . Maurice McMicken d i ed on January 31, 1940, a t the age o f 79. Since 1939, no work has been done a t the mine. ( ~ames Bawden's p i c t u r e hangs i n P ioneer Hal 1 , Ketch ikan) .

( 2 2 ) The P u y a l l u p Mine, s i t u a t e d about a m i l e and a q u a r t e r west o f H o l l i s on P r i n c e o f Wales I s l a n d , was d i s c o v e r e d about 1900 by B i l l Baker, a c a r p e n t e r f rom P u y a l l u p , Washington, w h i l e he was o u t h u n t i n g . S h o r t l y a f t e r w a r d s , a t w o - t h i r d s ownersh ip i n t h e p rospec t was s o l d t o Rober t A l l i s o n f o r $200.00 and, a t t h a t t ime, t h e r e was supposed t o be 57,000.00 w o r t h o f o r e i n s i g h t . Acco rd ing t o o l d - t i m e r s , Baker knew n o t h i n g about initding. A l l i s o n too, was a c a r p e n t e r , b u t f rom e i t h e r Spokane o r Okanogan, Washington, and he s t a r t e d t h e f i r s t development o f t h e p r o p e r t y .

I n P r o f e s s i o n a l Paper No. 1 , o f t h e U.S. Geo log i ca l Survey, da ted 1901, A l f r e d Brooks says o f t h e P u y a l l u p Mine: "The o r e i s c h i e f l y i r o n p y r i t e w i t h c o n s i d e r a b l e f r e e g o l d , some t e l l u r i d e , c h a l c o p y r i t e and b o r n i t e . The v e i n , though smal I , i s e x t r a o r d i n a r i l y r i c h . The b e s t r e t u r n s f rom assays show t h r e e ounces o f s i l v e r and $1,000.00 i n g o l d . "

An i tern i n t h e Ke tch i kan M i n i n g J o u r n a l f o r March 15, 1902, s a i d : "Rober t A l l i s o n w i l l go sou th n e x t week t o l o o k a f t e r t h e shipment o f t h e m i l l purchased f o r t h e P u y a l l u p Mine near H o l l i s . "

When i n s t a l l e d , t h e m i l l c o n s i s t e d o f an x 10 i n c h B lake Crusher , f i v e 1000 pound stamps, amalgamation p l a t e s , and a c o n c e n t r a t i n g t a b l e d r i v e n by a t h r e e - f o o t P e l t o n wheel . A shipment o f 14 tons o f o r e was s e n t t o the s m e l t e r i n 1902.

L a t e r a s u r f a c e t ram-road was b u i l t f r om H o l l i s t o the mine a t a r e p o r t e d c o s t o f 527,000. Dur ing the f i r s t yea rs o f o p e r a t i o n , t h e mine i s s a i d t o have produced c l o s e to $200,000 b u t t h e e x a c t sum i s n o t known. Char les 0. Lane must a l s o have been a b l e t o ijse t h e m i l l f o r he sen t o r e f rom t h e H o l l i s t unne l o f t h e Cracker Jack t l i n e down t o t h e P u y a l l u p th rough a p i p e l i n e .

I n 1914, t he mine was res taked and naned t h e Ready B u l l i o n . I t was then owned by H a r r y Webber and Angus McKenzie. At t h a t t ime , a new l e v e l was opened up a t a v e r t i c a l depth o f 170 f e e t f rom t h e su r face , and a d r i f t run f o r 400 f e e t on t h e v e i n . The m i l l raris showed a v a l u e o f $30.00 p e r ton. Angus McKenzie l a t e r f o l l o w e d l o g g i n g and f i s h i n g and d i e d about I > yea rs ago i n Ke tch i kan .

The M i n i n g and S i e n t i f i c Press f o r June, 1y14, says o f t h e mine: "The o r e bod ies ~ i r c q u a r t z i n d i o r i t e and po rphy ry , and the v e i n b e i n g worked c o n s i s t s o f 10 inches o f q u a r t z and 20 inches o f a1 t e r e d po rphy ry , t h e l a t t e r ave rag ing $13.00 i n q o l d p e r ton:'

D u r i n g t h e 1 9 2 ~ ' s B.F. Redman had the mine s taked f o r a few yea rs and i n 1932, i t was s taked by George Gerva is and named t i l e Hope Mine. A few yea rs l a t e r , t h e mine was s o l d to Ben L e i o r a n t f o r $300.30. I t was leased about 193t t o E.W. (Doc) Srown, w i t h whom Cnar les L. Smi th was a s s o c i a t e d . Unaole t o make a go o f i t i n a l i t t l e o v e r a yea r , Brown I c f t t h e mine, and i n 1931, t h e p r o p e r t y was taken o v e r by James Luck, L a r r y E r i c k s o n and Kel t o n Adarns, a l l o f whom made qood wages f o r t h e n e x t two years . A pocke t c o n t a i n i n q ~ j h o u t f i v e thousand do1 l a r s was founo i n an o l d s tope. E.W. (Doc) Brawn, member o f t he s i t y c o u n c i l and prominent i n the a f f a i r s o f t he American Leg ion i n Ke tch i kan d i e d about I y j y .

(23) The 9 J i m p r o s p e c t , near the southwest s i d e o f t h e summit o f G r a n i t e Mountain, has shown good va lues, b u t because o f i t s l o c a t i o n t h e r e has been l i t t l e ~ Icve lopmen t . Ore m i n e r a l s a r e p y r i t e , qa lena, m a l a c h i t e , and a z u r i t e . The p r o s p e c t was - i s c o v e r e d b e f o r e 1305 by James H. Nesbi t t , who l a t e r a c q u i r e d Fred K ing as a p a r t n e r .

N e s b i t t d i e d a t t h e age o f 65 i n Hyder, Alaska, i n 1338.

( 2 4 ) The Dol l y Varden prospect was d iscovered around 1900 by Dick Ful l e r and i s loca ted a t 1100 f e e t e l e v a t i o n , about two m i l e s southeast o f the head o f Twelve M i l e A r m , and t h ree - f ou r t hs o f a m i l e south o f the main creek. A number o f s t r i n g e r s showing a z u r i t e and ma lach i te a re exposed over a w id th o f about 20 f e e t , and a l eng th o f 30 f e e t . They con ta i n f a i r values i n go l d and s i l v e r . I f mined over the f u l l w id th , the o r e would probably be too low grade t o pay, and i t would no t be f e a s i b l e t o mine each s t r i n g e r separa te ly . A tunne l , about 50 f e e t long, has been d r i v e n i n l imestone bu t f a i l e d t o ge t underneath the o re . A sho r t d i s tance away there i s a deep s i nk ho l e i n the l imestone. I n 1924, the prospect was sampled by W.W. ( B i l l ) Cole and O l i v e r Davis o f Kasaan. They repor ted an $80.00 assay r e t u rn , bu t i t i s no t known how o r where t h a t sample was taken. The logs o f a t e n t frame were i n f a i r c o n d i t i o n i n 1937.

(25) The Cup r i t e , o r Houghton p rope r t y was d iscovered i n 1901, on the nor thwest s lope o f Jumbo Mountain a t an e l e v a t i o n o f 1500 f e e t . about one m i l e from He t t a I n l e t . The Cup r i t e Min ing Company was formed i n 1906 i n the S ta te o f Washinqton w i t h Ed LaBounty, p res i den t ; Charles E . Bedford, t r easu re r ; J.T. Jones, manager; and A.J. Jones as super in tendent . During 1906 and 1907, the development cons is ted o f a tunnel d r i v e n a t 1600 f e e t e l e v a t i o n . By 1911, the p rope r t y had been taken over by Harry B r i ce , who performed cons iderab le underground e x p l o r a t i o n and hauled o re over the a e r i a l t ram t h a t connected the mine w i t h the beach.

(2b) The Jumbo copper mine, on the nor thwest s i d e o f Mount Jumbo, i s s i t u a t e d about one and one-ha l f m i l es from He t t a I n l e t between an e l e v a t i o n o f 500 t o 2003 f e e t , and was d iscovered i n 1897, by Aron Shel lhouse.

Development began i n 1902, and du r i ng succeeding years severa l tunne ls were d r i v e n on the prospect . From the ad i t a t 1700 f e e t e l e v a t i o n , an a e r i a l tram, 8250 f e e t Vong, c a r r i e d the o r e t o bunkers o f 4000 t on capac i t y on the beach where a wharf w i t h 150 f o o t f ron tage was b u i l t . The l a r g e s t o re body, and a l s o the best grade o r e was on the No. 4 c l a i m where an i r r e g u l a r body o f c h a l c o p y r i t e o r e , 30 t o 40 f e e t wide, 120 f e e t long and dbout 140 f e e t deep, supp l ied tne o r e du r i ng the f i r s t years. A l a rge tonnage was mined from o t h e r workings as we l l .

At about 1600 f e e t e l e v a t i o n , and j o i n i n g the copper depos i t on the nor thwest , i s a body o f magnet i te up t o 60 f e e t i n w id th , forming a steep b l u f f t h a t can be seen from He t t a I n l e t . Th is body o f i r o n i s a f l a t l a y i n g mass between the l imestone and g r a n i t e , and i s no t expected t o con ta i n a l a rge tonnage.

Fur ther development o f the prospect was performed by the Alaska I n d u s t r i a l Company, c o n t r o l l e d by Charles A. Sulzer who purchased the p rope r t y f rom Shel lhouse. The mine camp and the town s i t e o f Su lze r were l a i d o u t on the n o r t h s i d e o f He t t a I n l e t , about th ree m i l es from the o re bunkers a t the beach.

Ore shipments t o the Tyee Smelter i n B r i t i s h Columbia began i n 1907. M in ing must have been going a t f u l l sca le , f o r an o l d newspaper descr ibes t h a t i n 1911, a b i g Four th o f Ju l y c e l e b r a t i o n was h e l d a t Su lze r where the Dec la ra t i on o f Independence was read by Charles A. Sulzer . Another f i n e o r a t i o n was d e l i v e r e d by D r . A.B. Tubbs. I n the a t h l e t i c events , go ld , s i l v e r and bronze medals were o f f e r e d as p r i z e s , and some con tes ts had as many as t h i r t y perscns p a r t i c i p a t i n g . There was the 100-yard race and a shoo t ing match between the Sulzer Gun Club and Jumbo Mine Club. I n an obs tac l e race,

c o m p e t i t o r s were sewed up i n sacks, and t h e greased p o l e c l i ~ ~ ~ h i n g c r e a t e d much e x c i t e m e n t . I n t h e n a i l - d r i v i n q c o n t e s t , e i g h t b rave l a d i e s came f o r w a r d and most o f them g o t b r u i s e d f i n g e r s . The steamer "Meteor" b e i n g i n p o r t , J t u g o f war was a r ranged between t h e f r e i g n t e r ' s crew and t h e Jumbo m ine rs -- t h e m ine rs w i n n i n g by a na r row marg in . I n t h e even ing t h e r e was danc ing, w i t h music by t h e S u l z e r o r c h e s t r a , and f i r e w o r k s d i s o l a y a t dusk. (The f o r e g o i n g d e s c r i p t i o n was o b t a i n e d f rom t h e K e t c h i kan M ine r o f J u l y 1 4 , 191 1 . )

Du r ing 1914, about 1000 tons o f o r e was sen t t o the Tacoma S~nel t e r each month. The l a s t yea r o f p r o d u c t i o n was p r o b a b l y 1918. Some work was done l a t e r , however.

Aaron She l lhouse, d i s c o v e r e r o f t h e Jumbo Mine, came t o Ke tch i kan d i s t r i c t i n 1894 and spent most o f h i s t ime m i n i n q and p r o s p e c t i n g . He a l s o found t h e - Lucky - - - . - S t r i k e . - (45) , copper p r o s p e c t , s i t u a t e d i n the c e n t e r o f D a l l I s l a n d back o f Grace Harbor , and t h e Yellow_stone, ( 4 6 ) , p rospec t i n t he v i c i n i t y o f Sea O t t e r Sound on the west c o a s t o f D a l l I s l a n d . She l lhouse d i e d i n K e t c h i k a n i n May, 132 t , a t t h e age o f 76 y e a r s .

Char les A. S u l z e r must have been a good man t o work f o r because rllany o f h i s men s tayed w i t h him f o r y s a r s . H i s l a s t t r i o t o A laska was b e l i e v e d t o have been i n 193h a t wh ich t i m e he looked q u i t e o l d . S u l z e r i s now dead b u t h i s widow i s l i v i n q . Ke tc l i i kan owes much o f i t s s t a r t t o t h e Jumbo Mine f o r a q r e a t many o f the p r e s e n t o l d t i m e r s were once employed a t t h e mine and q u i t e a few a r e s t i l l a round town. Duncan Campbel l , t!ie mine foreman and gent leman l i k e d by everyone, passed away a t the age o f 7 7 i n K e t c l ~ i k ~ i n on Chr is tmas Day, 1946. B.D. S t e w a r t , fo rmer head o f t he T e r r i t o r i a l Department o f Yines i n Juneau was a t t h e mine f o r some t i m e as eng inee r . C h r i s Copstead, t h e q c n i a l c u s t o - d i a n o f t h e Miners and Merchants aank b u i l d i n q , once worked as a m ine r a t t he Jumbo and l a t e r was i n charge o f h a n d l i n g a l l f r e i g h t and m a i l ac ross t t ie Po r taqe f rom t h e \Jest Arm o f Chomley Sound t o S u l z e r .

H a r r y Townsend, Anaconda enq inee r , and t h e w r i t e r on October 1 4 - I s t h , 1951, went t o t h e Jumbo Mine. Townsend d i d n o t b e l i e v e t h a t t h e i r o n d e q o s i t c o n t a i n e d a l a r g e tonnaqe and as f o r t h e o t h e r p a r t o f t h e mine was unab le t o exqress an o p i n i o n r e g a r d i n q chances o f f i n d i n g more copper o r e . A few yea rs l a t e r t h e w r i t e r met a ln iner i n S e a t t l e t h a t had worked i n t h e Jumbo a t t h e t i m e t h e mine s h u t down. The miner s a i d t h a t when c l o s i n q down (about 1920) a w inze had beer sunk about 60 f e e t on t h e r i q h t hand s i d e g o i n q i n t o t h e main t u n n e l . H igh-grade o r e f o r t h e w i d t h o f t he winze was found on t h e bot tom, b u t t h e s m a l l pump was unab le t o keep t h e winze d r y and as the o r d e r f o r c l o s i n g down had a l r e a d y been g i v e n , n o t h i n g more was done.

W i l l use t h i s o p p o r t u n i t y t o express my a d m i r a t i o n f o r t he l a t e H a r r y Townsend, Anaconda Copper C o r p o r a t i o n e x p l o r a t i o n eng inee r f o r A laska. I went many t imes w i t h Townsend on examina t i on t r i p s t o d i f f e r e n t m i n i n q p r o p e r t i e s and i n eve ry way he was a p e r f e c t gent leman. Coming N o r t h i n t h e s p r i n g f rom S e a t t l e , Townsend cons ide red him- s e l f as " s o f t " and w i s h i n g t o g e t i n good c o n d i t i o n , never p e r m i t t e d t h e w r i t e r t o c a r r y p a r t o f h i s packs when on l ong h i k e s .

I n S e a t t l e Townsend seldom used e l e v a t o r s as he p r e f e r r e d t o s t r e n g t h e n h i s l egs by c l i m b i n g s t a i r s . He many t imes c l imbed the s t a i r s t o h i s o f f i c e a t 1301 Hoqe B u i l d i n g .

The Jumbo Mine h o l d i n g s were r e c e n t l y a c q u i r e d by a lumber concern o f P o r t l a n d , Oregon, r e p o r t e d l y f o r t h e l a r g e s tand o f t imber on t h e ground.

(27) The Copper Mountain mine was d iscovered i n t he fa1 l o f 1897 by Charles Reynolds and Thomas Wr iaht . I t i s loca ted on the s t e e ~ mountain s i d e about one m i l e n o r t h o f Copper Harbor on Het ta I n l e t , a t f rom 2350 t o 3500 f e e t e l e v a t i o n . The ground was purchased i n 1900 by the Alaska Copper Company, and the f i r s t shipment o f o r e was made i n 1902, when about 500 tons went t o the Tacoma Smel t e r . Th i s was r epo r t ed t o have y i e l d e d $18,000.

By 1905, a smel ter had been cons t ruc ted on the beach a t Copper Harbor below the mine. I t cons is ted o f a 250-ton A l l i s -Cha lmers b l a s t furnace, o re b ins o f 2500 ton capac i t y , and coke b ins ho l d i ng 1200 tons. Ore from the mine was sent t o bunkers over an a e r i a l t ram 6009 f e e t i n length. A 22- inch p i p e l i n e extended one thousand f e e t t o Reynolds Creek conveying water f o r generat ion o f 300 horsepower t o opera te compressors and machinery.

I n 1905, J. Cuthbert Welch was the smel ter super in tendent and the f i r s t shipment o f mat te , I70 tons, was made t h a t year. P roduc t ion o f the mine, had i n 1906, been stepped up t o 275 tons o f o r e per day go ing t o the l oca l smel ter , bu t i n the f a l l o f t h a t year , bo th t h e mine and smel ter c losed down. I n 1914, the p rope r t y was taken over by t he Alaska Consol idated Min ing and Smel t ing Company o f Duluth, Minnesota, w i t h N.L. K i l p a t r i c k as manager, but e v i d e n t l y a c t i v i t i e s d i d no t l a s t long f o r the h i s t o r y o f the mine and smel ter f rom t h a t t ime i s dim. The p res i den t o f the o l d Alaska Copper Company, H.W. Mel len had e a r l i e r been i n charge o f the Jual i n Mine a t Berners Bay, near Juneau, and had spent many years i n Alaska. Lake Mel len, back o f Copper Harbor i s named a f t e r him. Reynolds and Wr ight were repor ted t o have rece ived $50,000 when they s o l d the p rope r t y . Both d i ed years ago i n Wrangel I .

( 2 8 ) The Corb in Mine d iscovered i n February, 1905, i s on t i d e water on the east s i d e o f He t ta I n l e t , one and one-ha l f m i l es n o r t h o f Copper Harbor. Dur ing the f o l l o w i n g summer some o re was sent t o the smel ter a t Copper Harbor and i n the same year the p rope r t y was s o l d t o the Alaska Meta ls Company which s t a r t e d a c t i v e development. A s h a f t was sunk t o a depth o f more than 100 f e e t and d r i f t s were run t o i n v e s t i g a t e the o re body a t depth. Also, a tunnel was d r i v e n on the v e i n f o r about 210 f e e t . The v e i n o f su lph ide o re , f rom one f o o t t o th ree f e e t i n w id th , s t r i k i n g N 70' W., and d i pp i ng 70' S.W., c a r r i e d a l i t t l e copper and some go ld and s i l v e r .

Sometime about 1913, a shipment o f o r e was l y i n g on the dock w a i t i n g t o be loaded on the f r e i g h t e r Nor th land, when, perhaps due t o a c t i o n o f the t i d e , the steamer moved too f a s t when t y i n g up and p u l l e d the dock w i t h a l l the o r e i n t o deep water . 1913 was probably t he l a s t year o f min ing opera t ions a t the Corb in Mine. I n the f o l l o w i n g year, however, some p rospec t ing was c a r r i e d on t he re by A. Jacobsen and E. Olsby.

(29) The Copper C i t y Mine a l s o named t he Red Wing, i s s i t u a t e d on t idewate r a t the eas t s i d e o f He t ta I n l e t and seven m i l es south f rom Copper Harbor. The d iscovery was made i n 1898 by Capta in E . E . Wyrnan, a n a t i v e o f t he S ta te o f Maine, who came t o Alaska i n 1877.

F i r s t opera t ions began i n 1903 w i t h o r e be ing sacked f o r shipment t o Tacoma Smelter, and i n 1906, 140 tons were sent t o the sme l te r . The mine was developed by an i n c l i n e d s h a f t f rom which severa l l e v e l s had been d r i v e n on the ve in . The o r e body o f n e a r l y massive su lph ide i n the s la te-greenstone coun t ry rock cons i s t ed o f c h a l c o p y r i t e , p y r i t e , s p h a l e r i t e and some hemat i te . Besides copper, the o r e a t t h a t t ime assayed f rom $3.00 t o $6.00 i n go ld and s i l v e r and f rom s i x t o n i ne pe r cent z i nc .

W i t h t h e s h a f t down approx ima te l y 300 f e e t , t h e mine was o p e r a t e d i n t e r m i t t e n t l y u n t i l about 1910, when s a l t wa te r e n t e r e d th rough a d r i l l h o l e and t h e mine became f l ooded , caus ing i t t o be abandoned. C h r i s Copstead, t h e m ine r who opera ted t h e machine t h a t d r i l l e d th rough t h e bo t tom o f H e t t a I n l e t , had t o g e t away i n a h u r r y l e a v i n g h i s machine and d r i l l s beh ind. For many yea rs now, a f t e r q u i t t i n g m i n i n g , Copstead has been a r e s i d e n t o f Ke tch i kan and c u s t o d i a n o f t h e Miners and Merchants Bank B u i l d i n g . C h r i s Copstead's p i c t u r e i s i n t ne P ioneer H a l l , Ke tch i kan . I n 1909, C.T. Moore was i n charge o f t h e Copper C i t y Mine.

Cap ta in Wyman spent 1877, h i s f i r s t yea r i n A laska, work ing f o r t h e C u t t i n g Pack ing Company. R e t u r n i n g N o r t h i n 1883 t o Seal Bay, he managed a cannery t h e r e f o r t h r e e yea rs ; then i n 1886 he was a s s i s t a n t manager o f a cannery a t Klawock. A f t e r l e a v i n g t h a t p l a c e , he took up p r o s p e c t i n g .

(30 ) The Khayyam Mine was d i scove red i n 1033 by George McKenzie. I t i s l o c a t e d a lmos t t h r e e m i l e s i n a s o u t h w e s t e r l y d i r e c t i o n f rom the head o f McKenize I n l e t , and a t 2,500 f e e t e l e v a t i o n . Developments made d u r i n g 1901-1307 by t h e Omar M i n i n g Com~any, c o n s i s t e d o f a t ram-road two ana o n e - h a l f m i l e s l ong t o t h e t e r m i n a l camp near t n e head o f t h e v a l l e y , and an a e r i a l t r am one m i l e l ong c o n n e c t i n g t h e mine w i t n t h e camp. A pack- horse t r a i l , s t i l l i n f a i r c o n d i t i o n , was a l s o c o n s t r u c t e d a l o n q t h e h i l l s i d e between t h e mine and t h e t e r m i na I .

The Khayyam o r e body c o n s i s t s o f lenses o f i r o n s u l p h i d e s i n a m i n e r a l zone up t o 250 f e e t w ide and more than 1000 f e e t i n l e n g t h . The Powel l a d i t , a t 2350 e l e v a t i o n , i s 230 f e e t l ong and was d r i v e n underneath t h e d e p o s i t . A l a r g e tonnaqe o f o r e was s toped.

Tne K imba l l a d i t , 325 f e e t below t h e Powe l l , was advanced about 615 f e e t f o r t h e purpose o f open ing up the o r e d e p o s i t i n dep th , b u t o n l y near t h e face i s t h e g rounda l i t t l e m i n e r a l i z e d . Examinat ion by t h e U . S . Bureau o f t l ines shows an i n d i c a t e d r e s e r v e o f 20,dUO s h o r t tons and an i n f e r r e d rese rve o f b4,000 s h o r t tons o f p y r i t i c m a t e r i a l con- t a i n i n g 1 .71% copper, 0.93% z i n c , 38% s u l p h u r , U.06 oz. q o l d and 0.30 oz. s i l v e r .

A g rab sample, taken by t h e w r i t e r f rom an o r e bucke t l y i n g on t h e mounta in s i d e i n Se?tember, 1945, assayed u.05 oz. i n g o l d ; 1.30 oz . s i l v e r , and 2.26% copper . When t h e mine was o p e r a t i n g , s i x - c a r o r e t r a i n s w i t h a t o t a l l oad o f I 5 tons hau led t h e o r e f rom the t e r m i n a l t o the beach where o r e bunkers and a dock had been b u i l t . I n 1906, o p e r a t i o n s were suspended because o f mismanagement and l a c k o f o r e rese rves . The f o l l o w i n g s p r i n g , H.W. Turner became t h e new manager and t h e p r o p e r t y was reopened, b u t a p p a r e n t l y n o t f o r l ong as l i t t l e i s known about t he mine s i n c e t h a t p e r i o d . Once, d u r i n q work a t t h e mine, a snow-s l i de occu r red and a few men were k i l l e d .

Fred Heckrnan o f Ke tch i kan had t h e mine s taked i n 1316 and perhaps d i d a l i t t l e work. Omar M i n i n g Company r e p o r t e d l y purchased the Khayyam Mine f rom George McKenzie and l a t e r r e p o r t s ment ioned t h a t McKenzie was l i v i n g i n Mexico and owned one o f t h e r i c h e s t mines sou th o f t h e Rio Grande. Jacob Thomas o f Kasaan i s p r o b a b l y t h e o n l y person y e t l i v i n g who worked f o r Georqe McKenzie a t t h e Khayyarn Mine.

Mike Henigan, i n l a t e r yea rs a weal t h y r e s i d e n t o f Ke tch i kan , d i r e c t o r and p a r t owner i n the M ine rs and Merchants Bank and o f t h e o l d Beegle Pack ing Company, was employed as packer when t h e Khayyam Mine was b e i n g opened up. A heavy s t o v e wh ich r e q u i r e d several men t o c a r r y was b e i n g t r a n s p o r t e d when they encountered a c reek b r i d g e d o n l y by a f o o t l og . Lack ing space f o r f o o t i n g f o r a l l t he men, Heniqan, a husky youngs te r , s o l v e d t h e prob lem by pack ing t h e s t o v e ove r t h e c reek a lone .

About one m i l e eas t o f the Khayyam i s the Mammoth prospect , d iscovered i n 1901, by Tom Stevens and named the " I r o n Mast." Much development was done years ago by d r i f t i n g on the ve i n but t h i s prospect , too, has been i d l e f o r a long time. The o re c a r r i e s h igher copper and go ld values than t h a t found i n the Khayyam Mine.

(3U) The Mammoth was s taked as the "Johnlee" c l a i m i n September, 1945, and the Khayyam as the "Howbuff" by Lee Howard o f the S a l t Chuck Mine and t he w r i t e r . Harry Townsend, Anaconda Copper Company engineer examined the Mammoth Mine i n 1946 and h i s r e p o r t was q u i t e favorab le , bu t because o f the d i s t ance from t i d e water and the heavy o u t l a y o f c a p i t a l needed, the p rope r t y was no t taken over by h i s company.

(31) The Moonshine Mine on the west s i d e o f South Arm, Chomley Sound, was s taked around 1900 and i s s i t u a t e d about one and one-hal f m i l es from t i d e water , a t an e l e v a t i o n o f 2000 f e e t .

Development was s t a r t e d i n August, 1906, suspended f o r the w i n t e r , and aga in i n progress f rom May u n t i l November, 1907. I n 1907, B.C. Bacon was i n charge o f the work and i n 1909, when W i l l i a m Rea was the foreman, i t was repor ted t h a t an 8 - f oo t v e i n t h a t assayed 1500 ounces i n s i l v e r was s t r uck .

The Moonshine ve i n i s a w e l l - d e f i n e d f i s s u r e i n l imestone and s c h i s t coun t ry rock and v a r i e s i n w id th from a few inches t o severa l f e e t . Vein m inera ls a re galena, s i d e r i t e and c a l c i t e w i t h a l i t t l e s p h a l o r i t e and c h a l c o p y r i t e . S t r i k e o f the v e i n i s N 65' W , w i t h a v e r t i c a l d i p . Workings cons i s t o f severa l tunne ls , a s h a f t , and a long r a i s e t o the top o f the o re body, but e i t h e r the o r e was no t the re o r the r a i s e was no t d r i ven i n the proper d i r e c t i o n .

Most o f the money f o r development was r a i s e d i n Ketch ikan. N.W. Sweetzer, the super in tendent when the mine c losed down about 1922, i s now l i v i n g i n Rosamond, C a l i f o r n i a . Jane5 Luc i e r , the Merchant P r i nce o f Cra ig , and Arch ie Vanwinkle, t he logq ing ope ra to r , both worked a t the Moonshine when i t was be ing opened up i n the e a r l y days. George Roberts now a r es i den t o f Ketchikan, gained h i s f i r s t m in ing exper ience when he was employed a t the Moonshine i n 1921.

(32) The Hula Hula prospect was staked i n 1 3 9 ~ a t K i t k u n Bay, by Chief K i t kun , Earnest L. Adkirrs and L.T. "Nigger" Watson. The c h i e f had found a few n i c e qua r t z specimens on the beach, oack o f an i s l a n d on t l le east s i de o f the bay, about two m i l es from the ent rance. A wide qua r t z v e i n i s exposed q u i t e a d is tance from the beach and i s s l i g h t l y m ine ra l i zed on the f o o t w a l l , but too low qrade t o be mined. However, a t t h a t t ime, i t was easy t o s e l l a prospect and be fo re long a promoter was found and the prospect so ld . Adkins rece ived $2,500 f o r h i s share, Watson go t $100 i n cash and one b a r r e l o f whiskey and Chief K i t k u n got $500.00. Adkins had contacted the buyer and f o r t h a t reason he rece ived the most money. He re tu rned t o Sea t t l e , e n r o l l e d i n the U n i v e r s i t y o f Washington, f i n a l l y g radua t ing as a m e t a l l u r g i s t . Before s t a k i n g the Hula Hula, kdk ins had been employed by E l l i c k M i l l e r i n the salmon s a l t e r y a t Old Sunny P o i n t , Chomley Sound. Many years l a t e r he re tu rned t o the Ketch ikan d i s t r i c t and i n 1925-26 he was assayer a t the S a l t Chuck Mine then operated by J.E. Chi l be rg . "Nigger" Watson, a negro, was a well-known charac te r i n the e a r l y days, spending most o f h i s t ime ou t i n the h i l l s prospect ing. H i s l a s t years were spent around Klawock and he d ied i n Wrangell about 1333. Chief K i t k u n passed away long ago, bu t the name K i tkun has no t d ied o u t as a f l r n i l y o f na t i ves have t h a t name and K i t k u n Bay was p robab ly , i n the pas t , t h e i r e x c l u s i ~ c hun t i nq and f i s h i n q grounds.

(32) The Croesus p r o s p e c t i s l o c a t e d about o n e - h a l f m i l e above t h e head o f a sma l l bay t h a t l i e s a l o n g t h e e a s t shore o f K i t k u n Bay, about t h r e e f o u r t h s o f a m i l e i n s i d e the en t rance . I t was d i scove red i n 1892 and development commenced t h e n e x t y e a r by a company headed by J. I?. McMi l Ian who opera ted a l ime q u a r r y a t Roche Harbo r , Puget Sound. Eugene A. Knapp was i n charge o f t h e p r o p e r t y . Under h i s d i r e c t i o n two t u n n e l s were d r i v e n on the v e i n , t h e lower one, a t 600 f e e t e l e v a t i o n , was about 360 f e e t i n l e n g t h ; t h e o t h e r , a t 753 f e e t e l e v a t i o n has a l e n g t h o f 150 f e e t . The v e i n s t r i k e s n o r t h w i t h a d i p o f 85" E . and i s f rom a few inches t o f o u r f e e t i n w i d t h . Some r i c h o r e was found i n t h e upper tunne l and t h e b e s t va lues were i n a m i n e r a l i z e d s t r e a k on t h e f o o t w a l l . The p r o s p e c t proved d i s a p p o i n t i n g , however, and a l l work was ended i n 1902. Ore samples taken by t h e a u t h o r f rom t h e upper t u n n e l i n May, 1932, assayed low i n g o l d . The c o u n t r y r o c k i s greenstone s c h i s t and l imes tone .

One o r two donkey eng ines a r e s t a n d i n g on t h e h i l l s i d e where they once p r o v i d e d steam t o run t h e d r i l l i n g machines. Some yea rs a f t e r t h e shutdown, a m ine r was k i l l e d by an e x p l o s i o n w h i l e d o i n g assessment work i n one o f t h e t u n n e l s . Good d r i n k i n g men must have popu la ted t h e Croesus i n t h e e a r l y days as a g r e a t many empty whiskey b o t t l e s were i n ev idence a t t h e o l d c a b i n .

About h a l f a m i l e s o u t h w e s t e r l y f r o m t h e Croesus i s t h e San Juan p r o s p e c t . A t 500 f e e t e l e v a t i o n a t u n n e l , now caved, was s t a r t e d nea r a sma l l s t ream. A q u a r t z v e i n about t h r e e f e e t w ide o u t c r o p s some d i s t a n c e above t h e t u n n e l and a sample f rom a f o u r - i n c h b l a c k , heavy m i n e r a l i z e d seam on t h e f o o t w a l l o f t h e v e i n assayed $5.00 i n go ld . (1932)

( 3 3 ) The V a l p a r a i s o Mine a t Do lomi , on t h e n o r t h s i d e o f Pau l Lake, was d i s c o v e r e d e i t h e r i n 1896 o r d 3 T - - ~ n I n d i a n named Johnson and h i s son were h u n t i n g a t t h e lower end o f t h e l a k e where the boy was l e f t t o watch t h e canoe w h i l e h i s f a t h e r t r i e d t o l o c a t e a deer. When t h e f a t h e r r e t u r n e d , t h e boy showed h im some rocks wh ich he had found a t t h e l ake shore and Johnson l a t e r gave t h e rocks t o Char les Guzman i n Ke tch i kan . These proved t o be q u a r t z w i t h much v i s i b l e g o l d and Guzman immedia te ly purchased the l o c a t i o n f rom Johnson and s t a k e d t h e ground. The c l a i m t h a t had t h e b e s t l o o k i n g v e i n

g i v e n t h e name o f V a l p a r a i s o by Guzman a f t e r t h e c a p i t o l c i t y o f C h i l e where he was bo rn i n 1866. He a r r i v e d i n t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s i n 1889.

D e t a i l s o f t h e e a r l y developmeqt a r e n o t now known excep t t h a t Guzman l a t e r s o l d o u t and Char les Duntonprobab ly ope ra ted the mine f o r a w h i l e , because t h e remains o f an a r r a s t r e , wh ich he b u i l t , l i e nea r t h e l a k e about h a l f a m i l e west o f t h e V a l p a r a i s o m i l l .

The ni ine was owned i n 1907 by t h e P r i n c e t o n M i n i n g and Sme l t i ng Company wh ich had 25 men on t h e p a y r o l l . By t h a t t ime , a g r e a t dea l o f work had been done i n t h e mine and on t i le J e s s i e c l a i m 2500 f e e t t o t h e e a s t , where a s h a f t had been sunk and a h o i s t i n s t a l l e d . Severa l shipments o f h i g h grade o r e went t o t h e s m e l t e r i n 1911.

The m i l l , i n s t a l l e d i n 1913, c o n s i s t e d o f f i v e stamps and a s low speed C h i l e a n m i l l . About 30 tons c o u l d be m i l l e d i n 24 hours . The f l o w sheet was s imp le . The o r e f i r s t went t h rough a jaw c r u s h e r , then t o t h e stamps, w i t h t h e C h i l e a n m i l l d o i n g t h e f i n a l g r i n d i n g . Amalgamation and g r a v i t y c o n c e n t r a t i o n were used b u t s i n c e .most o f t h e g o l d was " f ree " , t h e va lues were l a r g e l y recovered on t h e amalgamat ion p l a t e . The concen t ra tes were o f low grade.

B.A. Ea rd ley became manager i n 1914 and was i n charge u n t i l t h e p r o p e r t y c l o s e d down about 1920. Ea rd ley kep t a s u r f a c e crew p r o s p e c t i n g t h e s u r r o u n d i n g c o u n t r y , and numerous s h a f t s , t u n n e l s , and open c u t s were made. Most o f t h e miners l i v e d a t t h e mine b u t a sma l l town was b u i l t a t Dolomi Harbor w i t h a schoo l house, s t o r e , assay o f f i c e and a church. Be ing a God- fea r ing man, Ea rd ley expected everyone t o a t t e n d church s e r v i c e . T r a n s p o r t a t i o n between t h e ha rbo r and t h e mine was by means o f a r a i l r o a d t o t h e l a k e and f rom t h e r e by boa ts and scows.

A f t e r hav ing l a i n i d l e s i n c e about 1320, t h e mine was leased f o r s e v e r a l months i n 1927 t o Tom Stevens who made much b e t t e r than wages s i n c e he had been w o r k i n q i n the mine and knew where h i g h grade o r e was. I n 1932 t h e V a l p a r a i s o was taken o v e r f o r a w h i l e by W i l l i a m Paul , t h e lawyer , and Har ry B e n o l k i n , b u t t h e i r o p e r a t i o n was n o t p r o f i t a b l e . M.P. Olsen o f Vancouver, B.C., o b t a i n e d an o p t i o n on t h e mine i n t h e s a r i n g o f 1934 and a f t e r a f a v o r a b l e examina t i on by John D. Gal loway, a Canadian eng inee r , t h e o p t i o n was t r a n s f e r r e d t o Co lone l E.J. Ryan, a c o n t r a c t o r o f Vancouver, B.C. The A laska 3.C. M i n i n g Company was o rgan ized and a l a r g e sum o f money spent i n g e t t i n g the p r o - p e r t y i n shape f o r o p e r a t i o n . Ou ts ide c o n s t r u c t i o n foreman was J.E. Amundson, and J.A. McLaughl in was t o be s u p e r i n t e n d e n t a f t e r m i n i n g had s t a r t e d . About August 1 , 1935, t h e V a l p a r a i s o was a lmost ready f o r p r o d u c t i o n , o r e was t o be drawn f rom the o l d s topes, and ground i n a new 50 - ton b a l l m i l l t h a t had been r e c e n t l y i n s t a l l e d . However, a l l a c t i v i t i e s were suddenly stopped when A r t h u r J. The is , c o n s u l t i n g eng inee r f o r t h e i na jo r i t y s t o c k h o l d e r s o f t h e company came t o Dolomi and o r d e r e d e v e r y t h i n g c l o s e d down.

For t e n years u n t i l 1945, t h e mine was i d l e . I t was then taken ove r by San t iago Mines, L t d . o f Vancouver, B . C . , w i t h R. Crowe-Swords as managinq d i r e c t o r and d u r i n g the n e x t t h r e e years more than $203,000 was spent i n r e h a b i l i t a t i o n and new c o n s t r u c t i o n . Crowe-Swords had been a t t he V a l p a r a i s o many yea rs b e f o r e w h i l e much h i g h grade o r e was b e i n g mined. I t was perhaps because o f t h i s memory, and perhaps too, t h e e x p e c t a t i o n t h a t t h e p r i c e o f g o l d would be r a i s e d , t h a t he took o v e r t h e mine. However, t he g o l d v a l u a t i o n remained s t a t i o n a r y and a f t e r t h e mine was once a g a i n ready f o r o p e r a t i o n , i t was n o t p u t i n t o p r o d u c t i o n . A l l t h e men were l a i d o f f and o n l y a watchman l e f t a t t h e p r o p e r t y . L a t e r , b e i n g unab le t o t r a n s f e r money f rom Canada, t h e company was unab le t o pay t h e watchman's wages and t h e mine was f i n a l l y l e f t unguarded. I n 1951, i t was r e p o r t e d t h a t e v e r y t h i n g o f va lue t h a t c o u l d be c a r r i e d away had been s t o l e n f rom t h e mine.

Johnson, f a t h e r o f t h e boy who found t h e V a l p a r a i s o v e i n on t h e n o r t h s i d e o f t h e lower end o f Paul Lake. was drowned o u t s i d e Dolomi. P o r t Johnson was a r o b a b l v named a f t e r him. L a t e r a t t h e p l a c e o f d i s c o v e r y an i n c l i n e d s h a f t , about 140 f e e t ' d e e p was sunk on the v e i n . Char les Guzman, t h e man r e s p o n s i b l e f o r g e t t i n q t h e V a l p a r a i s o opened up, was cons ide red a " 1 i v e w i r e . " D u r ~ n g h i s yea rs i n K e t c h i kan, he was v e r y i n t e r e s t e d i n m in ing . I n 1907, Guzman was i n charge o f t h e g r o c e r y department f o r J.K. Heckman and Company and i n 1911 he was p a r t owner o f t h e I n d i a n Mine back o f Hyder. He d i e d a t T a f t , C a l i f o r n i a i n 1938.

B.A. Ea rd ley was b o r n i n Utah i n 1862 and d i e d i n Be l l ingham, Washington, i n 1326. James Capp was a l s o a s s o c i a t e d w i t h t h e development o f t h e mine. D u r i n g John D. Ga l l oway ' s examina t i on o f t h e V a l p a r a i s o i n A p r i l , 1334, t h e w r i t e r a s s i s t e d h im i n t h e t a k i n g o f o r e samples and t h e f o l l o w i n g a r e t h e assay va lues f rom most o f t h e s u r f a c e o u t c ropp ings .

Beauty dump averaged $1 3.39 p e r t on . Beauty, f o u r f o o t v e i n averaged $19.59 ( h a l f t h e v a l u e s i n s i l v e r ) . Amazon dump, averaged $5.50. Three f o o t v e i n , s h o r t d i s t a n c e W o f the s h a f t , one sample, $12.60. J e s s i e dump averaged $9.27. Paul Over t u n n e l , 15 samples ac ross a w i d t h o f 3 1/2 f e e t , averaged $13.47. Su r face exposures o f t he v e i n , f o r 75 f e e t , between the J e s s i e s h a f t and t h e

Paul Over t u n n e l averaged $9.95 and f o r 400 f e e t , t h e average was $8.35. East o f t he Paul Over t u n n e l t h r e e samples were taken t h a t y i e l d e d v a l u e s

o f $11.20, $12,95, ana $13.65 p e r t on . O iscovery dump, two samples $42.07 and $20.30. Three f o o t w ide v e i n a t D i scove ry , $16.70.

(33) The Golden F leece Mine i s l o c a t e d on t h e n o r t h s i d e o f James Lake, abou t one and o n e - h a l f m i l e s n o r t h o f Dolomi Ha rbo r . The mine was d i s c o v e r e d on June 6, 1899, by A r t h u r K n i g h t who found g o l d i n t he s o i l o f t h e h i l l s i d e be low o u t c r o p p i n g s o f t h e v e i n . He was b o r n i n 1861 i n Worces te r , Massachuset ts . He l i v e d a number o f yea rs i n K e t c h i k a n and then moved t o Juneau where he d i e d i n March 1952 a t qO y e a r s o f age.

A sma l l shipment o f o r e was s e n t t o t h e Tacoma Sme l te r , n e t t i n g $45.00 t o t h e ton . An a r r a s t r e was b u i l t near a sma l l s t ream o n e - t h i r d o f a m i l e southwest f r o m t h e d i s c o v e r y b u t i t was neve r ope ra ted . P r o b a b l y t h e r e was n o t enough w a t e r f o r power.

An e x a m i n a t i o n o f t he newly found p r o s p e c t was made i n October o f t h e same y e a r by K u s s e l l L. Dunn, a m i n i n g eng inee r f rom Spokane, Washington. He expressed a f a v o r a b l e o p i n i o n o f t he p r o p e r t y . L a t e r , a f t e r c a p i t a l had been a c q u i r e d , two t u n n e l s were d r i v e n and connected w i t h a r a i s e 400 f e e t i n l e n g t h . The upper t u n n e l was d r i v e n on the v e i n f o r about 200 f e e t . The lower t u n n t l s t a r t e d as a c r o s s c u t b u t i t s d i r e c t i o n was wrong, and f o r i t s e n t i r e l e n g t h o f more than 400 f e e t , i t encoun te red o n l y b a r r e n rock.

The v e i n d i p s 40' S.W. i n t h e r a i s e where i t was encoun te red h a l f w a y t o t h e upper t u n n e l . I n t he 1920 's a c o n s i d e r a b l e tonnage o f o r e was s toped , and an e x t r a c t i o n o f $12.00 p e r t o n was o b t a i n e d on the amalqamat ing p l a t e o f t h e sma l l two-stamp m i l l . The ownersh ip o f t h e mine a t t h e t i m e t h i s o r e was m i l l e d i s u n c e r t a i n , b u t A l e x Adk ins owned t h e ground wnen he d i e d , i n January 1923, a t t h e age o f 67. Around 1933, t h e mine was leased by Mike Lane, o f M o i r a Sound, and t h e v e i n above t h e upper t u n n e l was mined c l e a r t o t h e s u r f a c e . Some o r e was a l s o mined f r o m the r a i s e . The Golden F leece q u a r t z c l a i m and the m i l l s i t e a r e p a t e n t e d and a r e now owned by t h e C . R . Heckman e s t a t e i n Ke tch i kdn . The m i l l has p r o b a b l y f a l l e n down by t h i s t i m e .

S ince none o f i t s fo rmer o p e r a t o r s d i d any c r o s s c u t t i n q , t he Golden F leece perhaps y e t has p o s s i b i l i t i e s . The i dea t o c r o s s c u t may have o c c u r r e d t o those who d rove the l o n g t u n n e l , f o r t h e l a s t round o r two were d r i l l e d t o t h e l e f t where the v e i n s h o u l d be. As the v z i n was found ha1 fway up i n t h e r a i s e , t h e r e may he a chanqe i n t he d i n and the v e i n m igh t be p i c k e d up i n a c r o s s c u t l e s s than 50 f e e t f r om t h e l ower t u n n e l .

I n h i s r e p o r t , R u s s e l l Dunn ment ions assays o f $13.95 and $56.69 f rom two samples o f a p a r a l l e l v e i n wh ich was exposed on the s u r f a c e nea r tht: main v e i n .

On the e a s t s i d e o f Dolomi Bay, a t a p rom inen t rocky p o i n t , i s a s h a f t wh i ch was sunk on a sma l l seam o f o r e yea rs aqo by a p r o s p e c t o r named Admons. He a l s o owned the Washington p r o s p e c t s i t u a t e d about a m i l e f rom t h e west end o f Paul Lake and on t h e sou th s i d e o f t he b i g c reek t h a t e n t e r s t he l a k e .

(34) The Gladstone p r o s p e c t , one o f t he v e r y e a r l y l o c a t i o n s , i s s i t u a t e d back -- o f Lancas te r Cove on Cllomley Sound and was d i s c o v e r e d by B i l l y McCuen. The c o u n t r y r o c k i s m o s t l y l imes tone . Seve ra l ve ins have been found c a r r y i n g p y r i t e and cha lcopy - r i t e w i t h a l i t t l e g o l d and s i l v e r . P r a c t i c a l l y a l l o f t he o l d work ings , composed l a r g e l y . o f open c u t s , have now caved i n and no work has been done s i n c e s h o r t l y a f t e r t h e d i s c o v e r y . B i l l y McCuen d i e d i n 1929 i n P o r t l a n d , Oregon:.

( 3 5 ) The Cymru Copper Nine, s taked about 1899, i s t h r e e - f o u r t h s o f a m i l e f rom t h e head o f N o r t h Arm. Mo i ra Sound. and l i e s o n t h e n o r t h s i d e o f M i n e r a l Lake. I n 1906. ~,

work a t t h e p r o p e r t y was s t a r t e d by a Tacoma, Washington group w i t h J . M . M i l l e r , p r e s i - dent . A 40 x 70 f o o t whar f was bu i l t and a 36 - i nch gauge r a i l raod c o n s t r u c t e d f rom t h e whar f t o t h e mine, a d i s t a n c e o f 4200 f e e t . Ore bunkers o f 1600 t o n c a p a c i t y were e r e c t e d a t t he beach. An 8 H.P. gas eng ine was used t o p u l l c a r s o v e r t h e t r a c k . The f i r s t shipment o f o r e was made i n t h e f a l l o f I906 when 662 tons went t o t h e s m e l t e r . Returns t o t a l l e d $9,370.00 o r about $14.00 p e r t o n a t t h e 1906 p r i c e o f copper. T h i s grade o f o r e proved t o o low f o r s h i p p i n g and t h e mine a p p a r e n t l y c l o s e d down soon a f t e r - ward f o r an i t e m i n the M i n i n g and S c i e n t i f i c Press o f Auqust, 1907, s a i d t h a t t h e Cyn~ru Mine was t o be "reopened."

N o t h i n g i s known o f any f u r t h e r a c t i v i t i e s , e x c e p t t h a t some yea rs l a t e r a s h i p - ment o f o r e was supposed t o have been made by Axel Car l son , now foreman f o r t h e Ke tch i kan P u b l i c U t i l i t i e s . I n September, 1928, t h e w r i t e r found n o t h i n q l e f t o f e i t h e r t h e whar f o r t he o r e bunkers . A heavy growth o f t r e e s and b rush made w a l k i n g on t h e o l d r i g h t o f way d i f f i c u l t and t h e t i e s had r o t t e d away, l e a v i n g t h e r a i l s hang inq o v e r dep ress ions i n t h e ground. Only one b u i l d i n g was s t i l l s t a n d i n g a t t h e mine, b u t t h e head frame o v e r one o f t h e two s h a f t s appeared t o be i n good cond i t i on .

(3b) The B l u e a i r d p rospec t i s a t 1500 f e e t e l e v a t i o n on t h e sou th s i d e o f N o r t h Arm, Mo i ra Sound, about one and o n e - h a l f m i l e s f r o m t h e cove where t h e S t a r r - C o l l i n s o n cannery used t o be. I t i s s i t u a t e d nea r a sma l l l a k e on t o p o f t h e mounta in r i d g e . I t was s taked i n I f 0 1 by John A. h e s t l a k e , who was bo rn i n D u b l i n , I r e l a n d , i n 1849, and who was a wel l -known o l d t ime p r o s p e c t o r who spent much t i m e i n t h a t s e c t i o n o f P r i n c e o f Wales I s l a n d .

I n the e a r l y days a s h a f t was sunk 40 f e e t i n m i n e r a l i z e d s c h i s t , b u t s i n c e t h e v e i n was q u i t e f l a t , i t i s b e l i e v e d t h a t t h e s h a f t passed th rough t h ~ v e i n and f o r t h a t reason, t h e v e i n was " l o s t " . Ore m i n e r a l s a r e qa lena, z i n c b lende, p y r i t e and f r e e g o l d i n a gdngue o f q u a r t z and g r a p h i t e . H igh assays have been had f rom t h e v e i n , b u t n o t enough work has been done t o Drove t h e ground. The l a t e R icha rd N u c h o l l s , when a t one t i m e pann ing d i r t f r om t h e s u r f a c e o f t h e v e i n , o b t a i n e d 25 c e n t s w o r t h o f g o l d i n t h e pan.

A number o f psop le i n Ke tch i kan f i n a n c e d what work was dolie a t t he p r o s p e c t , and o f them, perhaps the o n l y one y e t l i v i n q i s Gus P r u e l l o f P r u e l l ' s Jewe l r y S t o r e . George M o r r i s o n o f Tonqass Haruware S t o r e , now dead a l s o soent money on t h e B l u e B i r d and he aways express h i s o p i n i o n t n a t t he grouno was w o r t h f u r t h e r development.

( 3 7 ) The Gold Stream hline on Tongass Narrows, on the e a s t s i d e o f Grav ina I s l a n d and t h r e e m i l e s s o u t h o f Ke tch i kan , was d i s c o v e r e d December 15, 1902, and s taked January 2, 1CJU3, by 1) t to l l i l l e r , and L.G. P h i l l i p s . On March 3 , 1903, t h e p r o s p e c t was

leased by Char les D. Lane and development was immed ia te l y s t a r t e d by him. L a t e r a f i v e stamp m i l l was i n s t a l l e d by Lane, b u t b e i n q used t o l a r g e tonnage mines, t h e Gold Stream proved t o o sma l l f o r Lane and he l e f t t h e p r o p e r t y .

I n 1906 t h e mine was opera ted by I r v i n g Conso l i da ted M i n i n g Company, owned by O t t o M i l l e r , George I r v i n g and H a r r y B r i c e . H igh grade o r e was sh ipped t o t h e Tyee s m e l t e r i n B r i t i s h Columbia, b u t t h e low grade was m i l l e d , g i v i n g a recove ry o f about $8.00 p e r ton .

The l a t e B i l l Da l ton , w i t h a p a r t n e r , once o p e r a t e d t h e Gold Stream on a l ease and they made an average o f $14.00 p e r day. The mine has now l a i n i d l e f o r many yea rs w i t h t h e e x c e p t i o n o f one and o n e - h a l f yea rs i n t h e 1930's when L.L. Winn ie g r o u n d - s l u i c e d p a r t o f t h e o l d dump and recovered enough g o l d t o p e r m i t h im t o r e t i r e t o a l i f e o f l e i s u r e on h i s yach t i n Thomas Bas in , Ke tch i kan , where he d i e d May 29, 1952, 80 yea rs o l d .

(3b) The Schoenbar Mine, a s h o r t d i s t a n c e f rom t h e Ke tch i kan b a l 1 p a r k , was p r o - b a b l y d i scove red w h i l e t h e c i t y was f i r s t b e i n g s e t t l e d . I t was f i r s t named t h e Laskawanda, bu t i t l a t e r a c q u i r e d i t s p r e s e n t name f rom Colone l John Schoenbar. A newspaper i t e m i n t h e s p r i n g o f 1902 says t h a t "work on t h e Laskawanda has been sus- pended f o r some unexp la ined reason b u t a coup le o f men a r e s t i l l engaged i n work necessary t o making good t h e t i t l e t o t h e w a t e r c la imed f o r t h e o p e r a t i o n o f t h e mi 1 1 and mine." (The p r o p e r t y had no m i l l ) . Two s h a f t s had been sunlc and i n 15Ob, one o f them was 65 f e e t deep. The p r o p e r t y has a l a r g e body o f low grade o r e c a r r y i n g copper, g o l d and s i l v e r , b u t by 1906, p r a c t i c a l l y a l l development had stopped. I n t h a t y e a r , Co lone l Schoenbar was sen t t o Boston by t h e Chamber o f Commerce f o r t h e purpose o f a d v e r t i s i n g t h e n a t u r a l resources o f K e t c i ~ i k a n t o New Englanders .

I n 1333 Char les L. Smith made a dea l w i t h t h e Home Land Company, p r e s e n t owners o f t h e p r o p e r t y , f o r t h e development o f t h e ground. I n p l a c e o f underground e x p l o r a t i o n , however, Smith nad t h e i dea t n a t t h e o x i d i z e d o r e on t h e s u r f a c e c o u l d be cyan ided w i t h - o u t f i n e g r i n d i n g . That y e a r f e l l i n t h e m i d d l e o f t h e dep ress ion , a t i m e when f i s h i n q h a r d l y p a i d expenses and many peop le were min inq-minded f o r wh ich reason t h e smooth- t a l k i n g Srnith o b t a i n e d b o t h c r e d i t i n t h e s t o r e s and l a b o r f o r t h e mine on q l i h promises o f payment as soon as t h e g o l d b r i c k s were sen t t o the U.S. M i n t . Smi th p r o b a b l y had made some s tudy o f m i n i n g ; t h e r e was n o t a r o c k t h a t he c o u l d n o t i d e n t i f y a t a g lance. N a t u r a l l y , Smith was cons ide red by many as t h e g r e a t e s t m i n i n q man t h a t ever came t o A laska. Severa l l a r g e tanks were e r e c t e d and s u r f a c e m a t e r i a l t r e a t e d , b u t t o save cyan ide . t h e s o l u t i o n was o f t e n t o o weak t o k i l l f l i e s . As c o u l d be expected, t he cyan ide r e c o v e r y process f a i l e d . However, Smi t h had r e c e i v e d t h e benef i t o f about one y e a r ' s f r e e bodrd and c l o t h i n g , wh ich i s p r o b a b l y a l l he expected.

(39 ) The Lon-de-Van p r o s p e c t , on t h e n o r t h s i d e o f George I n l e t and a s h o r t d i s - - . - - -- tance f rom t n e cannery , was f i r c o v e r e d about 1900 by James Bawden and named t h e Te leg raph p rospec t . A t an e l e v a t i o n o f about 1000 f e e t , s i x q u a r t z v e i n s have been found and e a r l y r e p o r t s gave a v a l u e o f $12.00 p e r t o n i n g o l d and s i l v e r . The o r e a l s o c a r r i e s z i n c and lead.

I n 1908, underground development was s t a r t e d by d r i v i n g a c r o s s c u t t u n n e l f rom t h e beach. The tunne l i s 2,050 f e e t l ong and c u t s a downward e x t e n s i o n o f t h e v e i n s a t a depth o f about 1006 f e e t below t h e o u t c r o p p i n g . From t h e c r o s s c u t about 1800 f e e t was

d r i f t e d on the v e i n s t o the sou th and 500 f e c t t o t h e n o r t h . Because o f bad a i r i n t h e c r o s s c u t , no underground e x a m i n a t i o n has been made s i n c e t h e development work s topped many yea rs ago. The p r o p e r t y i s now h e l d by Elmer Johnson and Kenneth Pond o f K e t c h i kan.

( 40 ) The Sea Leve l Mine, on the e a s t s i d e o f Thorne Arm was d i s c o v e r e d b e f o r e 1900. I n 1902, a t 250 f e e t e l e v a t i o n , a s h a f t was sunk t o a dep th o f 125 f e e t w i t h d r i f t s on t h e v e i n a t t h e 50 and 125 f o o t l e v e l s . I n t h a t y e a r , t o t a l underground work ings amounted t o 12UO f e e t . The M i n i n g J o u r n a l i n K e t c h i k a n , d a t e d March 15, 1902, says , "At t h e Sea Leve l t h e p i p e l i n e f rom Gokachin Creek, one m i l e l onq , has been i n - s t a l l e d and the steamer A l k i o roug i i t two cornplete b a t t e r i e s o f stamps, one s k i p , s i x P e l t o n wa te r whee ls , 150 j o i n t s o f 26, 24, 22 , and 2 0 - i n c h p i p e . The S / S Topeka on h e r l a s t t r i p lanaea 71 j o i n t s o f p i p e , an a i r compressor and f o u r power d r i l l s . " A l s o the paper ment ions a Mr. Hammond, as d i r e c t i n g t h e s e t t i n g up o f mach inery and a M r . k i g b y as s u p e r i n t e n d e n t .

A 30 stamp m i l l was s e t up and i n o p e r a t i o n a t t he beach t h a t y e a r , b u t a f t e r about a y c a r a l l n ~ i n i n q s topped and the p r o p e r t y has been i d l e s i n c e t h a t t i m e . Ld. C . biorse, a young e n g i n e e r , f o r m e r l y employed a t t he Sea Leve l M i n t , w r o t e t o t h e w r i t e r i n 1326 s a y i n q t h a t o o e r a t i o n o f the o r o p e r t y had f a i l e d because n o t enough o r e had been deve loped b e f o r e r i ~ i l l i n g cornmenled. F u r t h e r e x t r a c t s f r om t h a t l e t t e r a r e quo ted below, i n d e t a i l :

" . . . . . . . .The o n l y t h i n g i n my judgment t h a t was wronq w i t h i t was t h e l o a d i n g up . . . . . . . w i t h t o o comple te a p l a n t w i t h o u t h a v i n g c a r r i e d o u t t he p r e l i m i n a r y deve lop - ment program t h a t was o r i g i n a l l y contempla ted. I t was n o t p o s s i b l e t o g e t s u f f i c i e n t o r e f o r t h a t t h i r t y stamp m i l l f r om the sma l l amount o f open ings t h a t were t h e r e a t t h e t ime . I b e l i e v e i f they had o n l y had a ten stamp m i l l ~ i t h c o r r e s p o n d i n g l y s m a l l e r equipment as we1 l as smal l e r pcve r dev-lopnient they c o u l d p r o b a b l y have made a p r o f i t even w i t t i t ne l i t t l e oevelopinent t ney had and k e p t i t g o i n q u n t i I they g o t more ground oeve loped and niore p l a n t b u i l t .

''We u n q u e s t i o n a b l y x o r k e d a t l e a s t two and a h a l f t imes as much d i k e m a t t e r a l o n g d i t h t h e v e i n m a t t e r as w e s h o u l d l lave worked. The one l e v e l t h a t was opened was p r e t t y wc l I s topeu o u t so t h a t u n l e s s anot r le r o r e shoot c o u l d be found a t e i t h e r end o f tilt o l d s topes some a d d i t i o n a l s i n ~ i n g and b l o c k i n g o u t o f o r e wou ld be necessa ry u e f o r e t h e r e wou ld be v e r y much feed f o r a m i l l o b t a i n a b l e . One q r e a t t r o u b l e i n my t in ie was t r ~ a t t l ~ c i r d r i l I s were t o o heavy and they s toped an unnecessa r i l y w i d e a r e a as v ~ e l l as s t o p i n q a good aea l o f v e i n m a t t e r t h a t l a i d i n oetween t h e o r e shoo ts .

" I n t he r e g i o n around t r lc s h a f t c o n s i d e r a b l e coa rse f r e e q o l d was found. 1 t o o k o u t $7,bc)3.30 i n s i n k i n g the f i r s t f o r t y f e c t . Then t h e management dec ided t o back up and chanqe i t i n t o a v e r t i c a l s n a f t and o f cou rse we q u i t f o l l o w i n g t h e v e i n . But when we c r o s s c u t i n t o t h e v e i n a g a i n , we founa t h i s same coa rse q o l d and t h e coa rse q o l d ; J ~ S > r e s e n t as f a r down as we went. When we q o t away f rom the s h a f t r e g i o n , however, t he most o f t he g o l d was ~ n c c h a n i c a l l y a s s o c i a t e d w i t h i r o n s u l p h i d e s much as i t i s i n t he c o u n t r y around Juneau.

"I b e l i e v e t h a t i f t he Sea L e v c l were opened i n m i n e r - l i k e f a s h i o n on n o t t o o e x t r a v a g e n t a s c a l e , t he mine open ing somewhat p r e c e e d i n q the m a t t e r o f m i l l i n g p l a n t , i t wou ld s t a n d a v e r y good chance o f p r o v i n q t o be a w i n n e r . I n my t i m e any v a l u e s i n excess o f $ 2 . 5 ~ p e r t o n c o u l d be c o n s i d e r e d a p r o f i t . Under o p e r a t i n q c o n d i t i o n s

t t l a t rvould be p r o b a b l e now you wou ld no doubt have t o have $4.30 p e r t o n o r e o r more t o pay a p r o f i t because i t wou ld be s m a l l e r s c a l e o p e r a t i o n and t h e c o s t o f p r o d u c i n q a d o l l a r i n g o l d has been a t l e a s t 25:; h i q n e r e v e r s i n c e t i l e war. I f t he o r e body i s as good below the p r e s e n t l e v e l as i t was where we worked, you s h o u l d be a b l e t o deve lop o r e t i i a t wou ld make t h a t k i n d o f f eed f o r a t e n stamp ~ n i I I.

"There i s one a d j o i n i n g c l a i m and two o t h e r a t t r a c t i v e c l a i m s i n t h a t v i c i n i t y upon wh ich c o n s i d e r a b l e g o l d nas been found s i n c e I l e f t t h a t c o u n t r y . There was a l s o one s t r i n g e r t h a t 9roduced c o n s i d e r a b l e h i g h qrade f r e e s o l d o r e about a q u a r t e r o f a m i l e f rom t i l e mouth o f Gotatcheen Creek. As nea r as I can remember t h a t was l o c a t e d about f i f t e e n hundred f e e t e a s t o f t h e Sea Leve l s l i a f t . I f you s h o u l d d e c i d e t o s t a r t work on t h e Sea L e v e l , b e f o r e any c o n s i d e r a b l e amount o f money i s sDent , those c l a i ~ n s s h o u l d a t l e a s t be covered by o p t i o n s .

" I was re1 i a b l y i n fo rmed t h a t the J a c k l i n q i n t e r e s t s d i d some work on those c l a i m s i n 1914 and t h a t i t i s p r o b a b l e t h a t a dea l wou ld have gone th rouqh i f c o n d i t i o n s i n c i d e n t t o wa r t ime h a d n ' t made a l l k i n d s o f g o l d m i n i n q ven tu res u n a t t r a c t i v e .

Ed. C . Morse has now oasscd away, b u t i n IY27 ne was s u p e r i n t e n d e n t o f Sunset Copper Mine near Index, Washington.

(40) The Goo Goo p r o s p e c t was s t a k e d i n I f?05 by R i c h a r d Nuckol I s and Gundar Nyqard. I t i s l o c a t e a about 1 5 ~ ~ 0 f e e t f r om Thorne Arm and about t he same d i s t a n c e n o r t h o f Gokacnin Creek. A t t he p l a c e o f d i s c o v e r y the v e i n w,35 2 2 f e e t w ide. I n a d d i t i o n t o f r e e g o l d , t he v e i n c o n t a i n e d p y r i t e , s p h a l e r i t e and qa lena . A few smal l ooche ts o f f r e e g o l d were taken o u t l a t d r .

About 1534, t l ~ e Goo Goo and a few a d j o i n i n q c l a i r ~ s h e r e taken o v e r by t h e E v i s F l i i ~ i r i g Conpany wh ich diamond d r i l l e d t h e Coo Goo d i s c l o s i n 7 qood o r e a t dep th . A p ~ a r e n t l y the Loo Goo v e i n co r i t i nues t l i r ouqh t h e " d j e s t i c , t l e c t g ~ j o i n i n q c l a i m towara the beach, f o r a t u n n e l was s t a r t e d a t t i d e ~ m t e r dno o r i v e n on t l ie vei l1 f o r t he ~ ~ l l o l e d i s t a n c e i n t o t he Goo Loo qround. A srnal l r i l o t mi 1 1 was e r e c t e d and o r e m i 1 l e d f o r t h e nuroosc o f g e t t i r i g an e s t i i n ~ t e o f the averaqe vcl lue o f t he o r e L ~ e f o r e a b i q q e r ill was i n s t a l l e d . Tile Ion<! a d i t had openecl uo d I d r q e tonnaqe o f o r e 2nd i nc l i ca teu the ~ r o b a b i l i t y tn,Jt rllore I i ~ i 5 r i t be encountered. t iov~ever , t he yradr: c f o r e ~ n i l l e c ~ v r o v ~ d J l i t t l e t o o low f o r ,)ref i t a b l e o p e r a t i o n and by 1 > 3 / , a1 1 work lidd sto;locho.

A f t c r crle Ev i s Corripdny 1,ad 1;ou21it t t t ~ r o o Coo c: lair115 f o r about $20,.i01), a law s u i t Y:JS f i l e d 5. i G r . L . L . ~ i c l t i r i s u n acjainsL i , u c k ~ I 1s r + l i i s :.ynarcl, cl;lir:iincl t t i<>t i ,ot l~ o C them i ~ d d "2c.n ( ! rubs ta;;ed ;,y r ~ i , , ~ ariu the juilqin<:nt o f t l i o c o u r t u,) ! te la [li c k i nson l s recluest f o r , ~ n e - t n i r d o f the ,>urchase 1.r i c e . The t v i s Cn~ ioa r~y J l ? o ;.urckas:,~ tt:ie a d j o i n i n q Sca L c v c l c l a i i ~ s t n a t were r:orkrd v ~ i ti1 j ;-sta~n:, ~ ! i 1 1 i ; ~ 1.j. i l arid 1:13%.

( ; , I ) L a t I s l a n r l i s ssu t l i , ) f . .c~tcI i ik; ln, n o t f c l r f r i v i ~ ;l;iry Is l ,3nr l L i r : ! i t . iousc. I n - . - . . . - -- - . .

i r u ( ~ u 5 ~ l j : ) / , a s l ~ i , ~ r ~ i e n t o f '5 5 r ~ ~ I : ~ c:f COY)! r o r e ::.is rnr3dp f ronl a oros?c?ct on C.it I 5 i a n i l L),/ P . L . Pe te rson . k l c ~ 1 ~ 1 5 c t l s ~ i r ~ t L r ~ \ ~ , > % , i l l m:iriin I c l a i ~ ~ ~ s 0 1 1 :;oca de ~ > u a ~ i r a .

( 4 2 ) Two p r o p e r t i e s or) bicLean - - - - -- Arm - have had a good dea l o f development, b u t o n l y one o f t l i e ~ : ~ t ~ a s bcen b r o u q t ~ t i n t o n r o d u c t i o n . A copper o r o s o e c t d i s c o v e r e d y e a r s ago by Marsh I c k e s , i s about t l ~ r e c and o n e - h d l f m i l e s i n s i d e t h e Arm on t h e s o u t h s i d e , and o n e - i ~ a l f mi l e back f rom w'arehouse Cove. Seve ra l t u n n e l s were d r i v e n a t t h i s p r o s p e c t and some , i i ( ~ l ~ qraac o r e found, b u t i t appears t o have been q e n e r a l l y o v e r l o o k e d . Owners a r e b r . U.t. Pete rson and Axel Ca r l son o f K e t c h i k a n .

i , ~a rsh I c k e s , a much respec tea o l d t i m e r , d i e d i n Iowa i n 1934 a t t h e aqe o f &2 y d a r s .

( 4 2 ) Toe h c l s o n G T i f t f l i ne , on the n o r t h s i d e , a s h o r t d i s t a n c e i n s i d e McLean - - - - - - - - - - - - Urn, was isc covered i n l j j .~ by O t t o Ke l son and P1.C. T i f t , salmon t r o l l e r s . The p r o s p e c t t u r n e d o u t t o be a smal l uonanra i ) tcause o f i t s h i g h grade o r e and l o c a t i o n a t t i d e t e . Some s r ~ i p m c n t s wn icn were s e n t t o the smcl t e r went b e t t e r t han $10G.O0 a ton . A f t e r bein,) o p e r a t e d Ly the owners f o r a w ~ l i l e , t h e p r o p e r t y was taken o v e r by Anaconda Copper Com,)dny, u u t b c i a u s c o f d i f f i c u l t i e s i.ri t h t h e owners w i t h r e g a r d t o terms, Anaconda relinquishes t h e o p t i o n and c a n c e l l e d t h e ~ l a n n e d development work.

(43) Very l i t t l e i s known about t he e a r l y h i s t o r y o f t he McLeod Bay p r o s p e c t on -- O a l l I s l a n d except t h d t i t was d i s c o v e r e d about 1900 by W i l l i a m D. I lcLeod. A c o n s i - d e r a o l e sum o f money must have been r a i s e d , however, t o pay t h e c o s t o f t n e development r ~ o r k aone a f t e r the t u r n o f t he c e n t u r y . The Drospect i s l o c a t e d on t h e s o u t h s i d e o f McLeod t3ay a t asout 593 f e e t e l e v a t i o n . The v e i n has been t r a c e d by open c u t s f o r about 603 f e e t . About 100 f e e t v e r t i c a l l y below t h e v e i n , o r 275 f e e t measured a l o n g t h e s u r f a c e s l o p e , a c r o s s c u t t unne l has been d r i v e n . Judg inq f r o m the s i z e o f t h e dump i t seems l i k e l y t h a t a r i f t s were a l s o r u n on the v e i n . The p o r t a l i s now caved i n a s l i d e . About bb0 f e e t west o f t h e p o r t a l , t h e r e i s a n o t h e r , b u t s h o r t e r , t u n n e l t h a t i s now n e a r l y covered oy s l i u e r o c k . Tne v e i n i n t h i s s l i d e i s about 2 f e e t w ide and c a r r i e d qood g o l a v a l u e s , b u t i t w i l l be d i f f i c u l t t o open up because o f t h e tendency t o cave. About 23~1b f e e t west o f t h e s l i d e a s h o r t a d i t c u t s a s i m i l a r v e i n , b u t t h i s v e i n l las n o t been tound i n anv open c u t . The w r i t e r t r enched ac ross t h e v e i n i n 1947 o v e r a d i s t a n c e o f 500 f e e t and p roved the v e i n t o average s i x f e e t i n w i d t h w i t h v a l u e s c l o s e t o $4.03 p e r t on . About 7UO f e e t f r om t i d e w a t e r , a t an e l e v a t i o n o f SO f e e t , t h e r e i s an a d i t 17; f e e t i n l e n g t n t h a t was p r o b a b l y s t a r t e a as a c r o s s c u t t unne l w i t h t h e o o j e c t o f c u t t i n g t h e q u a r t z v e i n a t depth . t ios t o f t ne h i l l s i d e between the v e i n and tt te b e a c l ~ i s s c r l i s t f o r m a t i o n imoregnated w i t h s u l p n i d e s . Some o f t h i s s c h i s t c o n t a i n s yood v a l u e s , b h t i t i s d o u o t f u l t h a t the qrade wou ld p e r m i t m i n i n q on a l a r q e s c a l e .

W i l l i a m IJ. t.lcLeod Lras a m i s s i o n a r y s t a t i o n e d i n t he Ha ida V i l l a q e o f Howkan, on Long I s l a n a , i n t he ] b a d ' s . I n a d a i t i o n t o t h e p r o s p e c t a t McLeod Bay, he a l s o found a r i c n pocke t on the sou th s i d e o f F l a t , o r B l a n k e t I s l a n d . I t i s l o c a t e d near t he shore o f Sukkiidn I s l a n d abcu t f i v e .ni l r s no r t t i i . r es te r l y f r o m Lime P o i n t . The r i c h o u t - L r o p wa5 found on t l l c beach, b u t t o o ntucii powder was used and most o f t h e q o l d was L l a s t e a i n t o t h e ,da ter . Po\ lever, IlcLeod i s suoposeu t o h ~ v e recove red a f e d thousand do1 l a r s . 11cLcod Udy &as riamed a f t e r h i ,I. The l a t e Ha l Cou ld , a m ine r and p r o s p e c t o r d u r i n q t i le t i i i e m i l l i n g # /as boornirlq, i s be1 ievari t o a l s o h - ~ v e had t h i s FlcLrod p ro5oec t s tdl;eu.

( 4 4 ) The V i r g i n i a p r o s p e c t , l o c a t e d one and o n e - h a l f m i l e s w e s L e r l y f r o m t h e head -- o f McLeod Bay, was d i s c o v e r e d by o l d man Vo lk , a German who l i v e d on Vo lk Ha rbo r , on t h e o u t s i d e o f O a l l I s l a n d .

The p r o s p e c t , a t an e l e v a t i o n o f about 330 f e e t , i s an open muskeg c o u n t r y . The v e i n can b e t r a c e d f o r more than 2903 f e e t s t r i k i n g n o r t h w e s t and s o u t h e a s t a l o n g the c reek t h a t e n t e r s Vo lk Harbor f r o m t h e n o r t h . I t s w i d t h i s ds q r e a t as t e n f e e t . O?en c u t s and two s h a l l o w s h a f t s have been sunk on t h e v e i n . A sample taken by the w r i t e r , i n September 1943, f r om t h e dump o f t h e n o r t h w e s t s h a f t , on the c r e e k hank, assayed a l i t t l e more than $21.00 p e r t on . Samples f r o m o t h e r p a r t s o f t h ~ v e i n were l ower i n v a l u e .