history of outdoor education as a curriculum area in victoria
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History of Outdoor Education as a curriculum area in Victoria and mapping the field of Outdoor EducationTRANSCRIPT
OEEDU5001 Concepts in Outdoor Education
Week two
What are the origins of OEE?
When did OEE begin in schools and in what form?
When did it become part of the:
•Curriculum?
•VCE?
What are the origins of OEE?
How does OE’s history influence how it is conducted today?
What is professionalism in OE?
Four main components of curriculum
Content = what is taught.
Process = how it is taught.
Context = the circumstances in which it is taught.
Outcomes = what is learned.
Processes of learning = methods
– the how of teaching.
OE often thought of and written about as experiential learning.
(especially in Nth America).
Process
Most common model of process in OE is the
experiential learning cycle (David Kolb 1984)
Process
Contested? Simplistic? Linked to learning styles? Time frames?
Processes can be applied to a very wide range of outcomes.
Context
Outdoor education can deliberately change context – the settings in which teaching and learning occur.
(It might be the only thing it does!)
Context
Deliberately constructing alternate worlds (what?)
Enabling critical reflection (why critical?)
Looking back…
Outcomes?
…are what students come away learning – understanding,
doing, feeling…
(Sometimes “outcome” is used to describe aims or goals. Eg. On the VCE OES design)
In OE, outcomes have been traditionally described as
being:
• about the self;• about the community or others and; • about the natural world or nature.
(technical outdoor skills)(promote, enhance academic learning. USA, NZ EOTC.)
What outcomes do you hold to be most important for you
at this point?
Content?
…is the material that you might teach or introduce to
students… the subject matter
History of Outdoor Education as a curriculum area in
Victoria
Curriculum development 101
Curriculum reflects social concern.
As concerns change, schooling is often charged with “fixing” social problems.
Curriculum development 101
The problems or issues given most space, are those that are most important at any time.
Importance is determined by those holding power.
Curriculum development 101
Power and concerns shift
Outdoor recreation is the basis for outdoor education
in schools
1930’s
Enthusiastic teachers take students on extended
bushwalks (Otways, Wilsons Prom.)
1940’s
Expeditions in Tas.
(eg.,Geelong College)
Late 1940’s
Wesley & Caulfield Grammar establish camps
1952
Geelong Grammar
establish Timbertop. Based on character building principles
1950’s – 1960’s
Expanded school curricula include extra-curricular
adventure activities.
1959
Somers camp established (DoE)
1960’s
Outward Bound - 26 day programs
1970’s
Schools begin to integrateOEd into core curriculum
1971
Bogong School Camp established
1972
Fatality on Cradle Mtn.(Footscray Tech.)
1973
School Camps Branchestablished to monitor school
outdoor activities
1970’s
Education Department puts$’s into training & support
1975
Safety in Adventure Activities published
1970’s
Core outcomes remain personal and group
development, based on pushing comfort zones and
character building exercises.
1978
Rubicon School Camp established
1980’s
Belt tightening by ministry
1981
Victorian Outdoor Education
Association (VOEA) established
1982
School Camps Branch
disbanded. Individual regions appoint OE curriculum
consultants.
1983
OEd included in Personal
Devt. area of school curriculum.
1984
OEd accepted by VISE as a Group 2 Yr 12 subject
1988
Report of the Ministerial Review of OEd.
Acknowledged OE as process of learning in addition to…
1989
The Personal Development Framework published
(incl. OEd. as a unique curric. area)
Outdoor Education gets green
• Squeeze on subjects at yr 12.• Growing public concern over
environmental issues. • Search for distinctive contributions
for OE
1992
VCE OEd fully established as human development and
HNR.
1996
Curriculum StandardsFramework Course Advice for
OEd (P-10)
2000
VCE Outdoor & Environmental Studies merged OE and
Enviro Studies
2000
VET Outdoor Recreationcreated from national training
package. Separated outdoor education from outdoor
recreation.
2000+
Revised CSF into VELS
Today
Outdoor Ed Outdoor Rec
University degree TAFE RTO certificate
Teacher educator Leader instructor
Government Commercial
HNR & other ed. outcomes.
Activity skills and ???
Mainly schools Mainly schools
2009
National curriculum debateson inclusion of OE three foci,personal outdoor experience
(place), H.N.R. critique, management of
risk/outdoor skills.
2010
Labor state gov. pledgesAlternate year 9 experience with
OE as central pillar (70% support) – Loses election!
(Resilience)
2012
National curriculum scopingpaper sets out HPE curriculum
for next decade. OE??? Not there????
Mapping the field(Where are we at?)
The traditional base of all outdoor education today is
outdoor recreation.
• UK import? • Australian bushman (sic) • Journey based • Human effort • Self sufficiency
Mapping the Field
Outdoor recreationOutdoor
recreationOutdoor
educationOutdoor
education
Corporate training
Corporate training
Adventure therapy
Adventure therapy Evolved to
seek differing educational goals
Mapping the Field
Seeks primarily to increase opportunities for recreation and leisure through skill mastery, socialisation, relaxation or intellectual stimulation
Outdoor recreationOutdoor
recreation
Mapping the Field
Corporate training
Corporate training
Concerned with enabling work groups to improve functional communication and vocationally related productivity outcomes
Mapping the Field
Seeks to “change dysfunctional behaviour patterns, using adventure experiences forms of habilitation and rehabilitation” (Priest and Gass 1997, p.24).
Adventure therapy
Adventure therapy
Mapping the Field
Critical outdoor education is concerned with humanity’s relationship with nature. It “is aimed at examining outdoor recreation and environmental issues in light of the dominant social order” (Martin 1999, p.464)
Outdoor educationOutdoor
education
Mapping the Field
Outdoor recreationOutdoor
recreationOutdoor
educationOutdoor
education
Corporate training
Corporate training
Adventure therapy
Adventure therapy
More like traditional outdoor recreation
More like traditional outdoor recreation
More like critical outdoor educationMore like critical
outdoor education
More like adventure
therapy
More like adventure
therapy
More like personal
development
More like personal
development
More like group
development (community)
More like group
development (community)
Connections(common ground)
Connections(common ground)
Connections(common ground)
Outdoor experiencesActivity skillsExperiential learningEnvironmental issuesSocial & cultural justiceLeadership & teachingQuality & research
Connections(common ground)
Outdoor experiencesActivity skillsExperiential learningEnvironmental issuesSocial & cultural justiceLeadership & teachingQuality & research