history of paper and printing
TRANSCRIPT
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HISTORY OF PAPER AND PRINTING
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Introduction
The evolution of paper through history
The evolution of printing through history
The link between both subjects
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Which of these people are the first to use paper? A) Egyptian B) Greek C) Pre Columbia America people D) China
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Papyrus and amate
Papyrus is a thick, paper-like material produced from the pith of the Cyperus papyrus plant which was used in ancient Egypt and other Mediterranean culture for writing long before the making of paper in China
Amate is a type of bark paper that has been manufactured in Mexico since the precontact time. It was used primarily to create codices
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Which people are the one to use printing ? A) Chinese B) European C)Greek D) Pre colombian American
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Early papermaking in China Paper as we know it, was invented in
China, AD 105, by the Chinese Eunuch Ts'ai Lun
Before the 3rd century AD, the first paper was made of disintegrating cloth- bark of trees and vegetation such as mulberry, hemp, china grass
Paper was used in China from AD 868, for engraving religious pictures and reached its height of in 1634 with the wooden block prints.
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Technology of paper across Asia Paper moved from China to Japan and then
to Korea in AD 610, where it was commonly made from mulberry bark and Gampi
Later it was made from bamboo and rice straw.
Traveled on caravans following the Gobi Desert, the Desert of Takla Makan and the Tarim Valley and finally arrived in Samarkan. And also arrived in India, during the 7th century
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Diffusion of papermaking in the Islamic world In 751, the Chinese lost a battle in
Turkistan on the banks of the Tharaz River
Among the Chinese prisoners, there were skilled papermakers
The craftsmen began making paper in Samarkan
It spread to Damascus and to Egypt and Morocco. It took 500 years to find its way to Europe
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Paper in Europe
The Muslim conquest of Spain brought papermaking into Europe
Spain and Italy claim to be the first to manufacture paper in Europe.
One of the first paper mills in Europe was in Xativa, in AD 1009
Then began to gradually spread across Christian Europe.
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Evolution of paper in Europe The demand for paper was slight in
the 1st Century Europe The Church in Western Europe
initially banned the use of paper calling it a 'pagan art‘
It was only with the advent of printing in the middle of the 15th Century that the demand became greater.
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The beginning of printing
The first to use « printing » was the Mesopotamian with round cylinder seals for rolling an impress of images onto clay tablets
Durintg the 2nd century AD, a Chinese man named Ts’ai Lun is credited with inventing paper.
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The ascension of printing in Europe In 1436, Gutenberg begins work on a
printing press. It takes him 4 years to finish his wooden press which uses movable metal type.
In 1465, the first drypoint engravings are created by the Housebook Master, a south German artist.
In 1476 , William Caxton buys equipment from the Netherlands and establishes the first printing press in England at Westminster
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The 16th century
In 1507, Lucas Cranach invents the chiaroscuro woodcut.
Christophe Plantin is one of the most famous printers of this century. In his print shop in Antwerp he produces fine work ornamented with engravings after Rubens and other artists.
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The 17th century
Plantin is also the first to print a facsimile.
In 1642, Ludwig von Siegen invents mezzotint
The first American paper mill is established in 1690.
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The 18th century
In 1710, the German painter and engraver Jakob Christof Le Blon produces the first engraving in several colors.
The Gentleman’s Magazine is published for the first time in 1731. It is generally considered to be the first general interest magazine
William Caslon is an English typographer whose foundry operates in London for over 200 years. The letters are modeled on Dutch types but they are more delicate and not as monotonous. Caslon’s typefaces remain popular, digital versions are still available today.
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The 19th century
In 1800, Charles Stanhope, the third Earl Stanhope, builds the first press which has an iron frame instead of a wooden one.
In 1837, Godefroy Engelmann is awarded a patent on chromolithography, a method for printing in color using lithography.
The American inventor Richard March Hoe builds the first lithographic rotary printing press, a press in which the type is placed on a revolving cylinder instead of a flatbed
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The 19th century(2)
In typesetting Ottmar Mergenthaler’s 1886 invention of the Linotype composing machine is a major step forward.
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The 20th century
In 1903, American printer Ira Washington Rubel is instrumental in producing the first lithographic offset press for paper.
In 1938, Xerography, a dry photocopying technique, is invented by Chester Carlson
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THE END