history of parliament

8/20/2019 History of Parliament

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Parliament Triumphs in England


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Brief Review

Magna Carta: During the Middle ages inEurope, democracy did not exist. However, inEngland the ing was forced to accept limits onhis rule. He agreed to consult the mostpowerful groups !efore maing importantdecisions, such as raising taxes. "he Magna#arta was one of the $rst documents to setlimits on the ing%s power. "his agreement was

written during the reign of &ing 'ohn ofEngland.


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(arliament)egislative !ody in England that the ing

turned to in order to pass various importantdecisions.


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"he "udors *or *ith(arliament

+rom -/0123, England was ruled !y "udormonarchs.

"udors !elieved in divine right !ut alsorecogni4ed the value of good relations with(arliament.

Remem!er Henry 5667 *hat did he as of

(arliament7


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Eli4a!eth 68ained the throne and consulted and

controlled (arliament

Her advisors conveyed the 9ueen%s wishes to(arliament and for!ade discussion of certainsu!ects such as foreign policy or the 9ueen%smarriage. *hy do you thin that is7


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; #entury of RevolutionBeginsEli4a!eth died childless in 123. Her heir was

her relative 'ames


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"he


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'ames also clashed with dissenters,(rotestants who di>ered with the #hurch ofEngland.

?ne of those groups were called the Puritans.*hat do you thin they wished to change7


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#harles 6 6n 1@/, #harles 6 inherited the throne. )ie his

father, he !ehaved lie an a!solute monarch.

6n 1@, #harles 6 needed to summon(arliament and they forced him to sign the(etition of Right. "his document prohi!ited theing from raising taxes without (arliament%sconsent or from ailing anyone without legal

usti$cation.


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#harles signed the (etition, !ut then hedissolved (arliament in 1@A. +or years, heignored the (etition and ruled the nationwithout (arliament. During that time hecreated !itter enemies, especially among the(uritans.


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"he )ong (arliament

Begins "he 1-2 (arliament !ecame nown as the

)ong (arliamentC !ecause it lasted on and o>until 1/3. 6ts actions triggered the greatestpolitical revolution in English history.

6n 1-@, he led troops into the House of#ommons to arrest its most radical leaders. "hey escaped and raised their own army. "he

clash moved to the !attle$eld.

#harles vs. (arliamentwho would win7


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+ighting a #ivil *ar#avaliers and Roundheads

0# for #harles#avaliers supported #harles 6.

"hey were wealthy no!les.

Roundheads leader was ?liver #romwell. He wasa (uritan.

Commonwealth

0the repu!lic of England under ?liver #romwell.


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; &ing is ExecutedEventually, (arliament set up a court to put the

ing on trial. "hey called #harles 6 a tyrant,traitor, murderer, and pu!lic enemy.C

#harles 6 said, 6 am a martyr of the people.C

"he execution sent shoc waves throughoutEurope. 6 the past, a ing had occasionally

!een assassinated or illed in !attle. But forthe $rst time, a ruling monarch had !een triedand executed !y his own people.


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#romwell and the

#ommonwealth;fter #harles 6 was executed, the House of

#ommons a!olished the monarchy, the Houseof )ords, and the esta!lished #hurch ofEngland. 6t declared England a repu!lic nownas the #ommonwealth under the leadership of?liver #romwell.


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#hallenging the

#ommonwealthMany still supported #harles 66, uncrowned heir

to the throne. #romwell led forces into 6relandand !rutally crushed the uprising.

)evellers: "hese individuals thought that poormen should have as much say in governmentas the gentry, lawyers, and other leadingciti4ens. "he poorest he that is in England

hath a life to live as the greatest he,C wroteone )eveller.


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;s challenges grew, #romwell too the title)ord (rotector. +rom then on, he ruled as avirtual dictator through the army.


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(uritans: ;


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(uritans !elieved in education for allindividuals, rich or poor. "hey wanted allindividuals to read the Bi!le and wanted to

spread religious nowledge.

;lthough #romwell did not tolerate openworship !y Roman #atholics, he !elieved inreligious freedom for other (rotestant groups.

He even welcomed !ac 'ews after 3/2 yearsof exile.


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"he #ommonwealth Ends?liver #romwell died in 1/.


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+rom Restoration to

8lorious Revolution 6n May 112, cheering crowds welcomed

#harles 66 !ac to )ondon.

He was a charming man and a popular ruler.He reopened theatres and taverns andpresided over a lively court in the manner of)ouis J65. #harles reesta!lished the #hurch ofEngland !ut encouraged toleration of other

(rotestants such as (res!yterians, Kuaers,and Baptists.


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'ames 66 +orced to +lee#harles% !rother 'ames 66 inherited the throne in

1/. Gnlie #harles, 'ames practiced his#atholic faith openly. He angered many people

and they feared he would return England to#atholicism.

6n 1, (arliament invited 'ames% (rotestantdaughter,m Mary and her Dutch (rotestant

hus!and, *illiam 666 of ?range to !ecome rulersof England. "hey landed with their army!utthat wasn%t necessary. 'ames 66 Fed to +rance.


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"his event !ecame nown as the 8loriousRevolution.

English Bill of Rights: Before they could !ecrowned, *illiam and Mary had to accept severalacts passed !y (arliament in 1A nown as theEnglish Bill of Rights.

"he monarch had to summon (arliament regularlyand gave the house of #ommons the power ofthe purse.C *hat do you thin this means7


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)imited Monarchy "he 8lorious Revolution created not a

democracy, !ut a type of government nownas limited monarchy.

*hat is a limited monarchy7


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#onstitutional 8overnment; government whose power is de$ned and

limited !y law.

0(olitical (arties Emerge

0"he #a!inet


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?ligarchy; government in which the ruling power

!elongs to a few people.

How is a democracy di>erent7

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