history of photography (part 1): age of...
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History of photography (part 1):age of portraits
Marc LevoyComputer Science DepartmentStanford University
CS 178, Spring 2014
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Outline✦ invention of photography
✦ daguerreotypes and the age of portraits
✦ more in later lectures...
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The camera obscura
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(Gustavson)
Vermeer, The Music Lesson (c. 1665)
(Gregory)
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The camera obscura
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Philip Steadman’s model (1995) Vermeer, The Music Lesson (c. 1665)
(Gregory)
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The camera obscura
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Philip Steadman’s model (1995)Philip Steadman’s model (1995)
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The camera obscura
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Philip Steadman’s model (1995)
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The camera obscura
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Philip Steadman’s model (1995) Vermeer, The Music Lesson (c. 1665)
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Nicéphore Niépce (1765-1833)✦ first photographic image
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View from the window at Le Gras, 1826
• bitumen on pewter plate
• 8-hour exposure
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Louis Daguerre (1787-1851)✦ painter
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The Effect of Fog and Snow Seen through a Ruined Gothic Colonnade, 1826
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Louis Daguerre (1787-1851)✦ inventor of the diorama
10Diorama in Regent’s Park, London, 1823
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Louis Daguerre (1787-1851)
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modern diorama at theAmerican Museum of Natural History
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Louis Daguerre (1787-1851)✦ the daguerreotype
12Still life, 1837
• silver halide on polished metal
• no negative, so cannot reproduce
• tone reversal unless lit carefully
(Newhall)
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Louis Daguerre (1787-1851)✦ the daguerreotype
13Still life, 1837
• silver halide on polished metal
• no negative, so cannot reproduce
• tone reversal unless lit carefully
(Newhall)
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William Talbot (1800-1877)✦ the calotype
14Latticed window at Lacock Abbey, 1835
• paper impregnated with silver chloride
• fading arrested with hyposulfite of soda (“hypo”)
• negative, so allows any number of positive prints
• name “photography” suggested by F. W. Herschel
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The daguerreotype portrait
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making a daguerreotype, 1843
• sitter’s head stabilized with a metal brace
• hands clenched toavoid movement
(Rosenblum)
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The daguerreotype camera
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Giroux camera, 1839
Petzval’s lens, 1840
• f/3.7
• reduced exposure time 20×
• exposure still 5-8 seconds
f/15
manual shutter
instead of f/16.7
(Gustavson)
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The daguerreotype portrait
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Gustav Oehme, Three Young Girls, c. 1845
(Rosenblum)
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Pop quiz - who are these people?
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Alexander von Humboldt, 1847(photograph by Hermann Blow)
• naturalist and explorer of Central and South America
• father of modern meteorology
• magnetic declination, igneous origin of rocks, etc.
(Rosenblum)
painting of Humboldtby Friedrich Weitsch(1806)
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Samuel Morse, ca. 1845
• inventor of telegraph(and Morse code)
• painter
painting by Morseof Mrs. Bacot(1830)
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Abraham Lincoln, c. 1846(photograph by Nicholas Shepherd)
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Edgar Allen Poe, 1848(photograph by W.S. Hartshorn)
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Lewis Caroll, 1863(photograph by Oscar Rejlander)
• mathematician andauthor of children’s books(Alice in Wonderland)
• albumen paper printmade from wet-plate collodion negative(from here on)
(Rosenblum)
photograph byLewis Carollof Alice Lidell(1858)
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Sarah Bernhardt, 1865(photograph by Gaspard Tournachon)
• most famous actressof the 19th century(“divine Sarah”)
(Rosenblum)
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Julia Jackson, 1867(photograph by Julia Margaret Cameron)
• mother ofauthor Virginia Woolf
(Rosenblum)
Virginia Woolf
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Slide credits✦ Newhall, B., The History of Photography, Little, Brown & Co., 1982.
✦ Rosenblum, N., A World History of Photography (4th ed.), Abbeville Press, 2007.
✦ Gustavson, T., Camera, Sterling Publishing, 2009.
✦ Gregory, R., et al., The Artful Eye, Oxford University Press, 1995.
✦ http://wikipedia.org
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