history of photography presentation
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- 1. HistoryofPhotography
- 2. ancient times : Camera obscuras used to form images on walls in darkened rooms; image formation via a pinhole
- 3. 16th century : Brightness and clarity of camera obscuras improved by enlarging the hole inserting a telescope lens
- 4. 17th century : Camera obscuras in frequent useby artists and made portable.
- 6. 1727 : Professor J. Schulze mixes chalk, nitric acid, and silver in a flask; notices darkening on side of flask exposed to sunlight. Accidental creation of the first photo-sensitive compound.
- 7. 1800 : Thomas Wedgwood makes "sun pictures" by placing opaque objects on leather treated with silver nitrate; resulting images deteriorated rapidly, however, if displayed under light stronger than from candles.
- 8. 1816 : Nicphore Nipce combines the camera obscura with photosensitive paper
- 9. 1826 : Nipce creates a permanent image View fromNiepcesWindow at Le Gras.
- 10. 1834 : Henry Fox Talbot creates permanent (negative) images using paper soaked in silver chloride and fixed with a salt solution. Talbot created positive images by contact printing onto another sheet of paper.
- 11. 1837 : Louis Daguerre creates images on silver-plated copper, coated with silver iodide and "developed" with warmed mercury; Daguerre is awarded a state pension by the French government in exchange for publication of methods and the rights by other French citizens to use the Daguerreotype process.
- 12. 1841 : Talbot patents his process under the name "calotype". Known also as Tintypes
- 13. 1846 Associated Press
- 14. 1851 : Frederick Scott Archer, a sculptor in London, improves photographic resolution by spreading a mixture of collodion (nitrated cotton dissolved in ether and alcohol) and chemicals on sheets of glass. Wet plate collodion photography was much cheaper than daguerreotypes, the negative/positive process permitted unlimited reproductions, and the process was published but not patented.
- 16. 1853 : Nada (Felix Toumachon) opens his portrait studio in Paris
- 17. 1855 : Beginning of stereoscopic era
- 18. 1855-57 : Direct positive images on glass (ambrotypes) and metal (tintypes or ferrotypes) popular in the US. 3 million tintypes produced by mid 1800s
- 19. 1861 : Scottish physicist James Clerk-Maxwell demonstrates a color photography system involving three black and white photographs, each taken through a red, green, or blue filter. The photos were turned into lantern slides and projected in registration with the same color filters. This is the "color separation" method.
- 20. 1861-65 : Mathew Brady and staff (mostly staff) covers the American Civil War, exposing 7000 negatives
- 23. 1868 : Ducas de Hauron publishes a book proposing a variety of methods for color photography.
- 24. 1870 : Center of period in which the US Congress sent photographers out to the West. The most famous images were taken by William Jackson and Tim O'Sullivan.
- 27. 1871 : Richard Leach Maddox, an English doctor, proposes the use of an emulsion of gelatin and silver bromide on a glass plate, the "dry plate" process.
- 28. 1877 : Eadweard Muybridge, born in England as Edward Muggridge, settles "do a horse's four hooves ever leave the ground at once" bet among rich San Franciscans by time-sequenced photography of Leland Stanford's horse.
- 31. 1878 : Dry plates being manufactured commercially.
- 33. 1880 : George Eastman, age 24, sets up Eastman Dry Plate Company in Rochester, New York. First half-tone photograph appears in a daily newspaper, theNew York Graphic .
- 35. First Issue 1888
- 37. 1888 : First Kodak camera, containing a 20-foot roll of paper, enough for 100 2.5-inch diameter circular pictures.
- 38. 1889 : Improved Kodak camera with roll of film instead of paper
- 41. 1890 : Jacob Riis publishesHow the Other Half Lives , images of tenament life in New york City
- 43. 1900 : Kodak Brownie box roll-film camera introduced.
- 44. 1902 : Alfred Stieglitz organizes "Photo Secessionist" show in New York City
- 46. 1906 : Availability of panchromatic black and white film and therefore high quality color separation color photography. J.P. Morgan finances Edward Curtis to document the traditional culture of the North American Indian.
- 48. 1907 : First commercial color film, the Autochrome plates, manufactured by Lumiere brothers in France
- 49. 1909 : Lewis Hine hired by US National Child Labor Committee to photograph children working mills.
- 53. Dorothea LangeMay 25, 1895 October 11, 1965
- 54. 1914 : Oscar Barnack, employed by German microscope manufacturer Leitz, develops camera using the modern 24x36mm frame and sprocketed 35mm movie film.
- 55. 1917 : Nippon Kogaku K.K., which will eventually become Nikon, established in Tokyo. First Nikon camera: The Nikon 1
- 56. 1921 : Man Ray begins making photograms ("rayographs") by placing objects on photographic paper and exposing the shadow cast by a distant light bulb; Eugegrave;ne Atget, aged 64, assigned to photograph the brothels of Paris
- 58. 1924 : Leitz markets a derivative of Barnack's camera commercially as the "Leica", the first high quality 35mm camera.
- 59. 1925 : Andr Kertsz moves from his native Hungary to Paris, where he begins an 11-year project photographing street life
- 60. The 35mm Camera 1927
- 61. 1928 : Albert Renger-Patzsch publishesThe World is Beautiful , close-ups emphasizing the form of natural and man-made objects.
- 65. Rollei introduces the Rolleiflex twin-lens reflex producing a 6x6 cm image on rollfilm
- 66. Karl Blossfeldt publishesArt Forms in Nature
- 67. 1931 : Development of strobe photography by Harold ("Doc") Edgerton at MIT
- 72. 1932 : Inception of Technicolor for movies, where three black and white negatives were made in the same camera under different filters
- 73. Ansel Adams, Imogen Cunningham, Willard Van Dyke, Edward Weston, et al, form Group f/64 dedicated to "straight photographic thought and production
- 74. May 25, 1895 October 11, 1965 Ansel Adams
- 77. Imogen Cunningham
- 80. Willard Van Dyke
- 83. Edward weston
- 86. Henri Cartier-Bresson buys a Leica and begins a 60-year career photographing people
- 92. March 14, 1932 George Eastman, aged 77, writes suicide note--"My work is done. Why wait?"--and shoots himself.
- 93. 1933 : Brassa publishesParis de nuit
- 96. 1934 : Fuji Photo Film founded. By 1938, Fuji is making cameras and lenses in addition to film.
- 97. 1935 : Farm Security Administration hires Roy Stryker to run a historical section. Stryker would hire Walker Evans, Dorothea Lange, Arthur Rothstein, et al. to photograph rural hardships over the next six years. Roman Vishniac begins his project of the soon-to-be-killed-by-their-neighbors Jews of Central and Eastern Europe.
- 98. Walker Evans
- 100. Dorthea Lange
- 104. Arthur Rothstein
- 108. Roman Vishniac
- 112. 1936 : Development of Kodachrome, the first color multi-layered color film; development of Exakta, pioneering 35mm single-lens reflex (SLR) camera
- 114. Hindenburg Explosion 1937
- 115. Nov. 23, 1936
- 116. World War II
- 117. Further Development of the multi-layer color negative
- 118. LIFE magazine covers the war with help from Margaret Bourke-White, Robert Capa, Carl Mydans, and W. Eugene SmithFirst Life color 1936
- 119. Margaret Bourke-White
- 128. Carl Mydans
- 131. W. Eugene Smith
- 135. 1947 : Henri Cartier-Bresson, Robert Capa, and David Seymour start the photographer-owned Magnum picture agency
- 136. Man Ray
- 138. 1948 : Hasselblad in Sweden offers its first medium-format SLR for commercial sale; Pentax in Japan introduces the automatic diaphragm; Polaroid sells instant black and white film
- 139. 1949 : East German Zeiss develops the Contax S, first SLR with an unreversed image in a pentaprism viewfinder
- 142. 1955 : Edward Steichen curates Family of Man exhibit at New York's Museum of Modern Art
- 143. 1959 : Nikon F introduced
- 144. Speedgraphic Camera Standard equipment for press photographers in the 1960s
- 145. 1960 : Garry Winogrand begins photographing women on the streets of New York City.
- 149. 1963 : First color instant film developed by Polaroid
- 150. Instamatic released by Kodak
- 151. first purpose-built underwater introduced, the Nikonos
- 152. 1970 : William Wegman begins photographing his Weimaraners.
- 153. 1972 : 110-format cameras introduced by Kodak with a 13x17mm frame
- 154. 1973 : C-41 color negative process introduced, replacing C-22
- 155. 1975: Nicholas Nixon takes his first annual photograph of his wife and her sisters: "The Brown Sisters"
- 157. Steve Sasson at Kodak builds the first working CCD-based digital still camera Steven Sasson holds the prototype digital camera he built in 1975 at the Eastman Kodak Co. headquarters in Rochester, N.Y. It recorded a black-and-white image on a digital cassette tape.
- 158. 1976: First solo show of color photographs at the Whitney Museum of American Art :
- 159. 1977: Cindy Sherman begins work on Untitled Film Stills, completed in 1980
- 160. 1977: Jan Groover begins exploring kitchen utensils
- 161. 1978: Hiroshi Sugimoto begins work on seascapes.
- 162.