history of south asia
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History of South Asia. Ch. 24 Sec. 2. Indus Valley Civilization. Mohenjo-Daro. 1. What were 3 developments of the Indus Valley civilization?. Writing system Strong central government Masters of overseas trade Organized, planned cities Uniform weights and measures. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
History of History of South AsiaSouth Asia
Ch. 24 Sec. 2
Indus Valley CivilizationIndus Valley Civilization
Mohenjo-Daro
1. What were 3 developments of the 1. What were 3 developments of the Indus Valley civilization?Indus Valley civilization?
• Writing system
• Strong central government
• Masters of overseas trade
• Organized, planned cities
• Uniform weights and measures
2. What were 2 of the world’s first 2. What were 2 of the world’s first cities? What technology did they have?cities? What technology did they have?• Mohenjo-Daro & Harappa
• Bricks made by kilns (still used today)
• Plumbing systems (wells home covered drains)
• Sanitation systems
• Signs of dentistry: drilled,
crowned teeth
Mohenjo- Daro Great BathMohenjo- Daro Great Bath
3. What do many scientists believe 3. What do many scientists believe led to their decline?led to their decline?• Flooding • Drought
– Δ in monsoons leaves area cool & dry– Tectonic activity diverts river elsewhere
• Disease
Aryan ArrivalAryan Arrival
4. Who were the Aryans?4. Who were the Aryans?• Light-skinned herders and hunters
from the northwest (possibly 1700 B.C.)
5. What were the Vedas?5. What were the Vedas?• Collection of sacred writings- show
ideas of religion, social structure, hymns, etc.
• Hindu sacred text (to some); oldest in Sanskrit
6. Aryan social class pyramid6. Aryan social class pyramid
Priests
Warriors & Nobles
Artisans & Farmers
Slaves, Criminals
• Structure was flexible @ first (intermarriage, etc), but became more complex and rigid caste system
7. When did the Mauryan Empire control S. 7. When did the Mauryan Empire control S. Asia? What religion?Asia? What religion?
• 320-180 B.C.E. (Chandragupta Maurya) – Ruled all but southernmost India
• Buddhism (Asoka’s pillars)
8. When did the Gupta Empire rule? 8. When did the Gupta Empire rule? What are things its famous for? What are things its famous for? Religion?Religion?
• 320-550 A.D. (Chandra Gupta I)
• Golden Age of India (sciences, math, astronomy, religion)– Concept of zero, origin of Arabic #s,
heliocentric theory
• Extensive Trade• Hindu Revival
MedicineMedicineMedicineMedicine LiteratureLiteratureLiteratureLiterature
MathematicsMathematicsMathematicsMathematicsAstronomyAstronomyAstronomyAstronomy
Printedmedicinal
guides
1000 diseasesclassified
PlasticSurgery
C-sectionsperforme
d
Inoculations
500 healingplants
identified
DecimalSystem
Conceptof Zero
PI = 3.1416
Kalidasa
SolarCalendarCalendar
The The earthearth
is roundis round
GuptaGuptaIndiaIndia
Gupta Gupta AchievementsAchievements
Gupta Gupta AchievementsAchievements
Extensive Trade:Extensive Trade:Gupta EmpireGupta Empire
Extensive Trade:Extensive Trade:Gupta EmpireGupta Empire
spices
spices
spicesspices
gold & gold & ivoryivory
gold & gold & ivoryivory
rice & rice & wheatwheathorseshorses cotton goods
cotton goodssilkssilks
cotton goods
cotton goods
9. How did the Mogul (Mughal) 9. How did the Mogul (Mughal) Empire come to power?Empire come to power?• Muslim missionaries & traders were
moving across Africa & Asia• Moguls, over time, took control over
most of Indian subcontinent (1526)–Babur–Most land gained under Akbar–Shah Jahan–Defeated only by British in 1857
10. Who were the first Europeans?10. Who were the first Europeans?
• Portuguese, 1500
11. What was the East India 11. What was the East India Company and its significance?Company and its significance?• Began as a trade company for East
Indies mainly India & China
• Soon began ruling India (1757-1858)
• British Crown then took control of India
12. What did the British call their empire? 12. What did the British call their empire? How did colonization influence Indian How did colonization influence Indian culture?culture?
• Raj (empire)
• Brought English language*
• New educational system
• Built RRs
• Civil/public services
Modern South AsiaModern South Asia• India
13. What is significant about 1947?– Year gained independence from Britain14. How was India further divided?- India formed for Hindus, Pakistan (east & west)
for Muslims15. How did the division of India impact peoples?- Forced to move to country of religion violent
conflicts erupted- Kashmir
Modern South AsiaModern South Asia
• Sri Lanka16. When did Sri Lanka gain independence,
from who?- 1948 from Britain, CeylonS.L. (1972)- Britain favored Tamils…prelude to civil war
• Maldives17. When did the Maldives gain
independence, from who?- 1965 from Britain
Male, Maldives
Modern South AsiaModern South Asia• Pakistan/Bangladesh
18. What is significant about 1971?- Indo-Pakistani War b/w East &
West, India fought against West Pak. Bangladesh created- Extremely violent (began with genocide against Bengali Hindus)
Modern South AsiaModern South Asia
19. List 2 regional conflicts.– Kashmir disputed b/w India &
Pakistan• Nuclear weapons add to tension
–Tamils want independent state w/in Sri Lanka (civil war)
–Hindus vs. Muslims all over region
Modern South AsiaModern South Asia
20. List the type of government of each country.– India: largest democracy in world– Pakistan: Islamic Republic with military
involvement (unstable) – Sri Lanka & Bangladesh: democracies w/
instability due to ethnic clashes– Nepal & Maldives: was monarchy, now
democracy (2008, 1968 respectively)– Bhutan: Democracy w/ monarch (2007)