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History of the Atomic Theory

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Page 1: History of the Atomic Theory. Democritus Greek Philosopher 400 B.C. His theory: Matter could not be divided into smaller and smaller pieces forever,

History of the Atomic Theory

Page 2: History of the Atomic Theory. Democritus Greek Philosopher 400 B.C. His theory: Matter could not be divided into smaller and smaller pieces forever,

DemocritusGreek Philosopher 400

B.C.

His theory: Matter could not be divided into smaller and smaller pieces forever, eventually the smallest possible piece would be obtained.

He named the smallest piece of matter “atomos,” meaning “not to be cut.

Page 3: History of the Atomic Theory. Democritus Greek Philosopher 400 B.C. His theory: Matter could not be divided into smaller and smaller pieces forever,

This theory was ignored and forgotten for more than 2000 years!

Page 4: History of the Atomic Theory. Democritus Greek Philosopher 400 B.C. His theory: Matter could not be divided into smaller and smaller pieces forever,

John DaltonEarly 1800s -

He came up with the 4 principles of matter….

1. All elements are made up of “atoms”

2. Atoms of the same element are exactly alike.

Atoms of different elements are different.

all Au atoms are “the same” all Al atoms are “the same” but Al and Au are different

3. Compounds are formed by the joining of atoms of two or more elements.

4. Atoms can be rearranged to form compounds, but they are never changed.

Page 5: History of the Atomic Theory. Democritus Greek Philosopher 400 B.C. His theory: Matter could not be divided into smaller and smaller pieces forever,

Dimitri Mendeleev

By the mid 1800’s there were about 70 elements known.

Mendeleev came up with a way to organize them, based on their atomic mass.

He essentially created the 1st periodic table

Page 6: History of the Atomic Theory. Democritus Greek Philosopher 400 B.C. His theory: Matter could not be divided into smaller and smaller pieces forever,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Elementspiral_(polyatomic).svg
http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=xkxTsvCQUBQ0eM&tbnid=IK8EadfHBmH0YM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.meta-synthesis.com%2Fwebbook%2F35_pt%2Fpt_database.php%3FButton%3D3D%2BFormulations&ei=-c7qUqN4h52RB43ggJgC&bvm=bv.60444564,d.aWc&psig=AFQjCNHX14VvvHUGc4DV0z5htg0598QxLA&ust=1391206020927630
Page 7: History of the Atomic Theory. Democritus Greek Philosopher 400 B.C. His theory: Matter could not be divided into smaller and smaller pieces forever,
http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=G8UBsXWjRv4oKM&tbnid=QdSf5ZsPCWlNVM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fearthmatrix.com%2Fschemata%2Fconventional_periodic_table.html&ei=28_qUqfKEovqkAfX34DwAg&bvm=bv.60444564,d.aWc&psig=AFQjCNFyS4S9zc6DY3AOH6QgS9B7T9HRyg&ust=1391206733923852
Page 8: History of the Atomic Theory. Democritus Greek Philosopher 400 B.C. His theory: Matter could not be divided into smaller and smaller pieces forever,

JJ Thomson

Thomson passed a current through a cathode ray tube. The current moved towards the positive charge.

It had a negative charge – Why?

Page 9: History of the Atomic Theory. Democritus Greek Philosopher 400 B.C. His theory: Matter could not be divided into smaller and smaller pieces forever,

He suggested that an atom is made of even smaller particles.

He proposed a model of the atom called the “Plum Pudding” model.

Atoms made up of a positively charged substance with negatively charged electrons scattered about, like raisins in a pudding.

Page 10: History of the Atomic Theory. Democritus Greek Philosopher 400 B.C. His theory: Matter could not be divided into smaller and smaller pieces forever,

Neils Bohr1913Electrons revolve around the

nucleus like planets revolve around the sun.

Electrons are located in different energy levels further and further from the nucleus.

We now know this model isn’t accurate, but it is simpleand often still used.

Page 11: History of the Atomic Theory. Democritus Greek Philosopher 400 B.C. His theory: Matter could not be divided into smaller and smaller pieces forever,

Ernest RutherfordEarly 1920’s He fired positively charged particles at a

thin sheet of gold foilMost of the positively charged particles

passed right through the gold atoms in the sheet of gold foil without changing course at all.

Some of the positively charged particles however, did bounce away from the gold sheet as if they had hit something solid. He knew that positive charges repel positive charges.

Page 12: History of the Atomic Theory. Democritus Greek Philosopher 400 B.C. His theory: Matter could not be divided into smaller and smaller pieces forever,

An atom is mostly empty space. If a nucleus were the size of a grape seed and sat in the middle of Mile High Stadium, the closest electron would be in the nose bleed seats.

Page 13: History of the Atomic Theory. Democritus Greek Philosopher 400 B.C. His theory: Matter could not be divided into smaller and smaller pieces forever,

James Chadwick1930Did a similar experiment to

Thomson, using a cathode ray tube and discovered the neutron.

Page 14: History of the Atomic Theory. Democritus Greek Philosopher 400 B.C. His theory: Matter could not be divided into smaller and smaller pieces forever,

Modern Electron Configuration Model

Also Called the Wave ModelElectrons do not move about an atom in a definite path, like the planets around the sun, but they are not moving in random patterns either.

Their possible location depends upon the amount of energy the electron has.

Page 15: History of the Atomic Theory. Democritus Greek Philosopher 400 B.C. His theory: Matter could not be divided into smaller and smaller pieces forever,
Page 16: History of the Atomic Theory. Democritus Greek Philosopher 400 B.C. His theory: Matter could not be divided into smaller and smaller pieces forever,

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