history of the pioneer marine battalion at guam, l.i...

Pioneer Marine Battalion

AT

M,L.I., 1699

AND THE

Campaign in Samar, P. I., 1901

:. ..-. ...'..

By JOHN H. CLIFFORD

Ex Priv. U. S. Marine Corps.

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To1 Interesting Facts Relating to the Island of Guam and the

N . Island of Samar, Philippines.

onc thr In reading this book the reader will find full explanation

dec of the cruise of the U. S. S. Yosemite, which took the ma-

res rines to Guam and now lies a1 the bottom of the Pacific

hol Ocean; also the expedition known as the Pioneer Marines 10 at Guam, 1899; the outbreak of the Philippine insurrection

/the ishi

in Cavite, 1900, and that famous campaign on the Island oC

Samar, Philippines, led by the United Slates Marines in

' G O 1901. It was one of the hardest campaigns ever undertaken

W by any white man. Too much praise canuol be given to the \v soldiers, sailors and marines who participated in the Samar 1e F

(:xpedition, 190 1-1902. I publish this book for the benefit

of those who served in the expediliorl to Guam, 1809, and the Samar campaigl~ of 1901. I kept a diary of the five

years that 1served in the Marines and since that tlme I have

receiyed a number o l leltcrs l rom my comrades, urging me

to hare i l published, aq they would like lo have a book of

I +

I \ c

Histoy of the Pioneer Marine Battalion

011 April 20, 1899, orders were sent from Marine Head- c~uarters, Washington, D. C., -lo the Barracks located at Washington, D. C., Brooklyn, N. Y., Philadelphia, Pa., Kor- Tolk, Va., Kewporl, R. I., Boston, Mass., and Portsmouth, IS. I-I., to form a battalion. This battalion was con~posed of une hundred and fifty marines, oile major, two caplains, three lieutenants, and Capl. Richard Leary, U. S. N., (now deceased), Military Governor of Guam. Great confusion resulted in the barracks, lor the orders came like a thnnder- bolt, and the men all hustled to the Quartermaster's room lo receive their equipments.

W e arrived in Brooklyn the 21sl; went aboard ship on / the 28th. President McKinley and officers went aboard ,-hip, and bade us farewell and good-luck. Miss Helen 'Gould also came on board, and gave every man a Testament. , W e appreciated her kindness, for we had something by which to remember this Christian, patriotic woman. W e left the Kavy Yard, Brooklyn, N. Y., May 6th , on the U. S. S. Yosemite, Captain Hide in command.

W e dropped anchor a t Thompkinsville. Admiral Samp- ison's flag-ship, New York, was anchored here. Our ship ' -a lu led him. W e lelt Thompkinsville at 4.46 Wednesday evening, and dropped anchor at Sandy I-look, Thursday

Ievening at 6.15; left next morning at G o'clock. On starting out we had poor 111cli. On May 18th, some-

thing happened to the engines at high sea, which delayed us several hours making reparrs. Then we were under way, and on Salurday, the 20th, at 5 a. m., we sighted land at Portugal and the wcslern coast oC Africa. W e steamed along at a very swift rate n i~ l i l we arrived at Gibraltar, Sunday, May 2154 at 12 m. 11 being Sunday, we did not fire a sal~i tc , i o 011 Monday, the 22d, O I I ~\hip sal l~ted the

4 HISTORY O F THE PIONEER MARINE BATTALION

I'ort will1 21 guns, and the Eorl rel l i r i~ed the same. W e made the lrip in fifleen days arid four hours. The distance lrom New York to C~bra l l a r is 3,213 miles.

1May 24th was the Ql~ceri's birthday. Our ship was deco- rated w ~ t h flags, barmers, and the ICliglish ensign flying. At 1 2 m. a salule was fired in honor of the Queen.

The Sort at Gibraltar is very strong. It is of solid rock a r ~ d tilled wrlh Jargc. disappearing gulls. There are several h[lndred soldier5 q~lar te red there and euough commissary slores to lasl years. This rock was taken from Spain by ihe English fleel, under lhe commarld of Sir Admiral George Rooke, in the year 1706.

At the lefl of the rock is a small low11 called Spanish Town, with big Sorlifications. The shee t s are hilly and narrow, b11l clean. There are Engllsh and Spanish people living lherc. I t has been said hy naval olPicers ol' different c~o~~r i l r i e sllicll i t I.; lhe slrongesl I'ort in the world. The Governor Gel~cral o l h e for1 was Sir Robert Biddulph. He and the officer5 of the fort madc a vicit lo Lhe captain and the governor and officer5 of our ship.

On May 3011.1, our. ship ?ailed or11 ol' G~hra l la r , a t 55.0 13. m., and J will ne \c r forget it. It was terrlbly stormy and ~mpossible[ o r the me11 lo sland on l h e ~ r feet. W e were a1 supper, when all ol a sudden lables, dlshes, and food wen1 Jo thc dcchs. I I was a mlxed-up mess a1 supper that 11igh1, sea ple, sailovs c ~ ~ i d marines slidrng on the decks. Going l l~ror~gl l Sea several 01 the boys the Mr t l~ t c~ r r a [~ean were sick.

0 1 1 June 4th we sighled the shore oT Balanco, and a t 6 a. n l . we dropped anchor olY Tnnls. After a short delay, we procacc.d~dagaln, and steamed along until we sighled land.

On ,June 5th, we were along the coast of Greece. The weather was very pleasant and we enjoyed the trip. W e didrl'l meet a ship on 0111- way out.

On June Gth, m7e arrived at Po r t Said, a t 5 p. m., dropped ;~rrcliornear S I I ~ Z Canal, making the trip i n five days, n dis-

port. The natives of the port coal ship. It is an English ' port. We remained there seven days, and from what I saw lrom the ship I should judge it to be a small place, although the harbor is large and several large merchant vessels were in the bay. Turks, English, French and Mohammedans are ~ e t t l e r s of the place.

The American consul came on board s b ~ p on a visit to the officers. When he lert the ship he was given the cc~s -lomary salute.

A few miles from Port Said is the Holy Land, and steam t a r s run to it. The officers of the ship took in this trip, but the crew remained aboard, as no liberty was given. W e certainly would have liked to have visited the Holy Land.

Suez Canal is near Port Said, and was built by the French some years ago. It is 80 miles long and 40 feet wide, and

:r is cut through the Arabian deserts. Camels arid iignal sta- '( tions are all you see on the sandy deserts.

W e left Port Said ,Tur~e 13th) going at a very slow speed t,hrough the canal ~ in t i l we came to a small lake, where we dropped anchor, and on the 14th proceeded to Great Bitter Lake, and from there to Little Bitter Lahe; then to the Clly of Suez, which looked lo be a healltilul place lrom what I

! could see from the ship. W e then went through the Red Sea. It had been very

8calm when we sailed through the Gulf Stream; but when sailing through the Red Sea we found the stream runs very

; peculiarly, one side being very rough and the other as calm as a lake. This is the place where Moses led the Israelites across when God commanded the water Lo meet, drowning

2 Pharaoh and his men, according to the Scriptnres. Next, we went through the Indian Ocean, and it was like

going th ro~ igh the Mediterranean Sea, so rough we were all h~ck. Life lines were laid on the sides of the ship to protect t,he men from being washed from the ship by the waves. The guns of the ship ploughed along the water. \T'e have seen storms so bad at sea that i t was necessary to

6 HISTORY O F T H E PIONEER MARINE BATTALION

pour oil on the water to break the waves, that the ship might steam safely into port.

On June 17th, we had pleasant weather, but no land in sight. On the 18th, a t 4 a. m., we sighted an island. O n June 26th, we arrived a t Colombo, Ceylon, British India. W e had pleasant weather on part of this trip, which was made in 1 3 days, a distance of 1,328 miles from Port Said to Colombo. This was the longest trip on our cruise, arid we didn't see a ship in sight during the trip.

While in Colombo, many natives came on board ship selling curios. In many seaports where we had been I had seen boats so thick around the ship that guards were kept busy driving them off, so as to keep them from scratching the paint on the ship. Bum-boals, they are called, and they always go for an American ship, so as to get American money. Ihave seer1 small boys in Port Said, Colombo and Manilla in small boats (which we wo~l ld call d ~ ~ g - o n t s , be-ing made from the log of a t ree) and yelling to the men in the ship, "131.1p a dive, yank dive," lor 11s to throw money in the water for them lo dive after. 11 was great, sport to see them when the men threw the money. They would often dive r~nde r the ship for a shilling.

W e remained a t Colombo five days, and on ,Jl~ne 23d Admiral Dewey's flagship, the Olympia, came into port from Manila. O I I ~ship gave him the salute. He sailed for the United States on June 24th, and on the same day the battalion and par1 of the ship's company were given twenty- four ho l~ r s ' liberty, and we were paid in English money. W e had a good time that day, hiring rickshaws arid going around the town. At night we went to a hotel to enjoy onr- selves. Every mail hired a g ~ ~ i d e ,visited the principal buildings and temples, went through the cinnanlorl gardens, and the11 visited Sir Thomas Lipton's tea plaritations at Ceylon. Colomho is an English port, and capital o l Ceylori. A large n ~ ~ r n h e r of cripples are seen begging o n the streets here.

Pnrt Said has n large h a r h r . While we wnrr a t nl~c.Iror

HISTORY O F T H E P I O N E E R MARINE GATTALION 7 I

Cavile, and after sixteen months in G11am were ordered to C.avite.

On entermg Manila Bay a ship has twenty-eight miles to rsail before reaching the harbor. Thrs harbor is like an inland sea; its entrance is well fort~fied, mountains h ~ g h on hoth sldes with defense. There is a large revolv~ng light- Louse and slgnal statlon there. This 1s Corregidor Island, l rom w h ~ c h the llgl~thorlse takes its nmle .

In commg near Sandy Point, there was a large lort, which Dewey destroyed. This p1ac.e is now a coaling statlon. There was nothing lo be seen but the hulls of the gunboats and crulsers of Admiral Montojo's fleet of Span- ~ s hships, a t low water. I ~mders tand now that they have been r a ~ s e d and repalred and placed in commission. Mon-tojo's flagship was the Rena C h r ~ s t ~ n a , a steel crulser.

August I s l , we salled ior Guam, L. I., the island of misery. It was a seven days' sad lor us. G ~ ~ a r n ,the iaraway island in the Pacific Ocean, is 15,000 mlles from S e w York.

a5It was once ~ ~ s e d a penal coloilk for Il'lllip~i~os. The United Stales look poiiesslor; from Spain.

W h e n Adm~ra l Dewey destroyed the Spamsh fleet a t Cavile, May 1, I X O X , he ordered Cap ta~n Glass (now de-ceased) , 111 command of the crulrer Charleston, to Guam, lo lake po~ses s lon ol the island. A iew shols were fired. The goverlror of the lslar~d did not know that war had been declared between his country and the United States, and he came ln a boat to pa) a rlslt to Captam Glass as a respect for the salute, as he Iho~lght 11 was. W h e n the captain tapped him on the shoulder and tnformed h ~ m he was a prisoner of war hc was s~trprised. The f~ i l l explanat~on was glren to lhe Spanish governor general. The S p a n ~ s h udiccr was b ro~ igh l lo Manila a i a pri.oner and L ~ ~ r n e d over to the m~li tnry a ~ l t h o r ~ l y .

On 0111- way 0111 n c passed volcanos thousands of feet high, arcordlug to the map 01 the shlp's writer. W e had lery poor wcalher ou t h ~ s trip, the sea b e ~ n g r o ~ i g h and it r n ~ n r dso hard we had Lo stay helow dec,hi.

I

9 HISTORY O F THE PIONEER MARINE EATTALION

On August 7th, a t 7.30 in the morning, we dropped anchor in the harbor of Sari L u z de Apra. Twenty-one guns were fired. The naval collier Kalishani was there before us. W e lay about five miles out from the town. At low water, is was a difficult task to get a boat to town, owing to coral reefs, and we were obliged to get out of the boats and p ~ l s h , in order to reach the town. At high tide, there is abo l~ t three and one-hall feet of water. W e were kept aboard ship working, in order to get out stores to send to the town.

On August 22d, a detachment of Company A went to the town of Agana to receive the stores that were coming from the ships on native wagons. On the 3 l s t , the remainder of Company A proceeded to the town.

On Saturday, September I I th , a sergeant and eight privates were sent from the ship to the town of Petise, to meet some of our boys coming from Agana with a detachment of Fillipino prisoners. These prisoners were sent there by the Spanish, and the Governor's orders were to have them released, except the worsl criminals, who were kept in irons. W e took charge of t hem; got them rowed over l o the Nansham, and they were taken to Manila, where they were turned over to the military anthorily.

Monday morning, Sept. I l t h , all of Company B left the Yosemite for the town. I t was a hard march, the roads being very muddy. W e stopped to rest several times, as 11 was five miles to town. W h e n we arrived there, we were ordered to a barracks that looked like an old barn. I t was used at one time by the Spanish soldiers and was 50 dirty that it kept us busy trying to clean it.

W e had one guard a week, and we looked forward for that day to rest in, as it was two hours on post and six off lor the twenty-four hours, so it was a great relief to us.

Men worked on the Governor's palace scraping old white- wash; some had Lo clean the yard, some work in fields, cut down trees and pull up roots, so as to make a drill ground f o r them to drill on ; also a sewer trench and a foundation

10 H I S T O R Y O F T H E P I O N E E R M A R I N E BATTALION

for distilling plant were built. Some of the mechanics of the station ship Yosemite worked with the marines in repairing and building up the place; so between the mechanics, sailors and marines they soon built everything that now belongs to the government and made it what it is today.

The hot tropical sun and working hard with poor food soon brought the men down w ~ l h s~ckness. Not a day passed but that two or three men went to the hospital with fever. Finally the number was reduced to sixty-five on the sick list. Twelve of our comrades and an officer died with the fever. It was hard on those who were not sick, for they had to stand two hours on watch over the sick men, who were out of their minds with lever. There was a double funeral one day, two o l our men dying at the same time. It was a sad affair. Climatic fever was the cause. Nearly every marl was on the verge ol insanity. It was almost as bad as a battlefield, for there was great danger of being sunstruck, for the sun was terribly hot, fever raging, and also danger of being killed by storms and earlhquakes, Guam being noted for them. W e were lhe pioneers of the Island and had to do all the building and repairing. W e were afraid we would he s t r~cken down with the fever.

One day some of orir comrades talked together about de- manding belter food, less h o l ~ r s of work, or receive pay for what we had done. They passed a paper around lor the

h11t two. This paper was alter-men to sign. All s ~ g r ~ e d wards sent lo Commanding Officer Kelton, Commander of Marines. He came out as pollce call was being sounded, to explain to us that he t o ~ ~ l d n ' t do anything in our favor. The men were not pleased with h ~ s statement, and for two days 110 work was done. The governor was on board ship at the time. The commanding officer proceeded down to the town, five miles, secured a boat lo Ihe ship, so as to consult with the governor. After d~scus i ing lhe matter, t hey pro-ceeded to town, where the governor had police call sounded, and every man t~ l rned o11t. The governor, who was about sixty years ol' age, a <mall, I h ~ n man, qlepprd to i h c front,

11 HISTORY O F THE PIONEER MARINE CATTALION

and said: "Any of you men who have never sailed with me before sail with me now, and I want every one of you to go to work. If you do not intend to, step one pace to the front as your name is called. I will punish you, i l I have to shoot every man. I have the law. I am supreme." He said we should be ashamed of or~rselves, acting as we had. W e had done nothing to be ashamed of; we simply wanted justice, and as i-l wasn't granted to us we wouldn't go to work until we got some satisfaction. W e didn't intend to have mutiny, or show disrespect to our officers, but simply asked the commanding officer if he could employ natives to do the work, as the command was getting small, a number on the sick-list, and several had died of the fever. W e couldn't stand it to work all day and probably go on watch at night over the sick in the hospital, who were oul of their heads. Finally, a settlement was made, the governor arranging everything convenient for us ; so we went back to work and soon completed our long job.

The names of the men who died of fever on the Island of G~lam in 1899 were: Privates O'Rourke, Hughes, Schoe- mig, Brown, Eyrainer, Brooks and Capt. C. I. lngate.

In the evening we had battalion drill and parade; in the morning, company drill and physical exercises. W e asked permission from the commanding officer to have a ball game one Saturday afternoon. I t was granted, and on October 11, 1899, the first game of ball was played be-tween Companies A and B. The game was 13 to 2, in favor of Company B. Every Saturday after that we had games between sailors and marines; and every holiday dancing and refreshments, with a band concert by the Naval Band in the afternoon. It was very lonesome on this island, and but for t,he band we would have gone crazy, but when the music Ijegan it certainly made us feel q~i i te lively and we danced among ourselves.

There was no cable station, and no socials whatever, and mail b11t once a month. W e have been without mail here

12 H I S T O R Y O F THE P I O N E E R M A R I N E BATTALION

for three months. This island reminds one of Siberia, though I a m now told it is different.

The island of Guam contains 8,000 inhabitants; the lati- tude being 13 degrees, 26 seconds, north; longitude 144 degrees, 30 minutes, east, being near the Equator. The natives o l Guam are Chamorras. They are very peaceable and are of large stature, dark-skinned, and resemble Ha- waiians. The island is 27 by 78 miles. The porl is three miles long, with coral reefs, making i t very hard for boats to land. There are some peculiar things done here, s ~ l c h a s native women riding on cattle to their ranches, with rope to the animal's nose. It is a common occurrence to see women smoking. The natives have a queer way of killing cattle. The beasts are led to a post, heads strapped, and a native chops the beasts' heads off with a machete. The beef is then cut up and sent to market.

The natives of Guam are very religious. It is a common occurrence to hear the church bells ringing at all hours of the day and night. Men, women and childreii go to church in large n~imbers . W l ~ e n we first ai>rived on the island, it was hard for 11s to sleep at night, as the bells ratkg conti l~- ~lously. Guam ;md h e Philippiires, also Spain, are Cath-olic countries, and it is c~rstomary i n those coilntries to have religious parades on patron saints' days. G l~am celebrates a great many. It was a vcry interesting sight to see the processions, but as it is not customary in the United States i o have them, our Governor issued the following proclarna- tions :

" A ~ ~ g u s t26, 1899.

" P I I ~ ~ I Ccelebration^ of feait-day< ol the Patron Salrits ot v~llages, etc., will iiot be perm~t ted . The Ch~lrch and i t< members mag celebrate t h e ~ rr e l ~ g ~ o ~ l sfeastdays wlth~ri the walls o f the (~h11r(~11, chapel, or privak res~dence. In ac-cordance w ~ l h r eg~ t l a t~ons of the pub- lor the m a ~ ~ ~ t e i ~ a n c e 11c peace, and tlnlesi otherwise ordered, the only public hol~days recogri~zed n 111 be Sllndays and the h o l ~ d a j s allth-

13 HISTORY OF' THE P I O N E E R MARINE CATTAT.ION

rlrized by the United States laws and by the proclamations of Ills 12xchelle~icy,the President of the United States."

ORDERS.

"Every inhabitant who is without a trade or habitual occupation, by means of which he is able to provide the necessities for himself and family, must plant a quantity of corn, rice, cocoa and sweet potatoes; he must, also have a t least twelve hens and sow."

"Edict No. 5. Drunkenness is the chief source of all crime and trouble in this island, and must and shall cease."

"Edict 1Vo. 6. In conformity with the time-honored cus-tom of the United States Government, I, Richard P. Leary, Captain, U. S. N., Governor of the Island of Guam, do here- by appoint and set aside Thursday, November 30, 1899, as a day of thanksgiving and prayer, and all persons in this island are recommended to abstain from unnecessary work on that day and to assemble in their respective places of worship, at such times as may to offer praise to Almighty God fo r his merciful goodness and loving Biridrless to 11s and all men."

"Edict Eo. 7. The Spanish system of peonage amounts t.o slavery, is a menace to popular liberty, and a violation of Ihe privileges guaranteedeby the American Constitution. decree the absolute prohibition and total abolition of peonage and slavery. This order to take effect February 22, 1900."

When the Governor issues a proclamation concerning the natives of the towns in Chamorra l a n g ~ ~ a g e , a native soldier goes through the streets blowing a bugle to call attention. After blowing awhile he reads the proclamatiori to the natives.

The native women dress very ncatly and tidily. They wear a short jacket, waist with low neck and short sleeves, and a skirt made of calico, generally of some bright color. ' I 'h~ywrnr hcrl1r.q slipper-s, 11o .;{ocliillgc;, JT7h~rlg ~ ~ i ~ ; g{ t

I


church, a white cloth is worn as a veil over the head. The men wear their shirts outside or lheir trousers.

The natives have little use lor money. Vegetables are traded off for things they need. A merchant ship used to come once a month from Japan and IIong Kong with mer-chandise. There are 11ow two American stores on the island, but there were none at the timt. we were there; and these contain every th~ng from a pin to a locomotive. There were only four clocks on the island. The natives knew the time of day by the sun, while some had the s l ~ n dial. There was one large sun dial near the palace. It had been there many years and was taken down as it obstructed lhe view of the Governor's palace.

Guam was once r ~ ~ i n e d by a volcano. This high volcano was situated a1 the rear of our cook h o ~ ~ s e and covered an acre. It was hollow arid a person could walk inside.

One hot night in Jan~rary , 1900, 1 was strolling along the beach at Agana, Guam. I noticed a large ball of fire falling from the sky. The nearer il came the more ~t illuminated the town. It struck on a coral reel and the report, from it sounded like a 5-mch gun. 11 threw thc water up very high. Some of the natives went out to jlrst where it struck and brought in a lew pieces of irou.

The Padre, or pries{, of the lown, was a faithful old man to the Governor and men. He could translate all proclamations from English to Spanish and Chamorra. He was very faithrul in visiting the sick a t the hospitals. Every man re- spected him. On Chrlitmas day the men of the battalion presented him w ~ l h a purse ol nioney.

Sunday is a day of sporl for riatlves in rooster-fighting. I t was fnn for us to watch lhem. Some of ollr boys had 1)irds of their own and they enjoyed the sporl.

The different vegelatior~h o l Guam are coconn~lls, water- melons, bananas, orangpi, yams, bread-frult5, coffee, pine- apples, corn, mangoes, tomatoes, slrmg-beans, rhubarb, p-vveet potatoes, lemon\, squash and tobacco. h , The Island of Guam, the largest of the Ladrone, or

HISTORY O F T H E PIONEER MARINE BATTALIOiX 1,j

Mariana Islands, was ceded by Spain to the United States hg Article 2, of the Treaty of Peace concluded at Paris, December 30, 1898. I t lies in a direct line from San Fran- cisco to the southern port of the Philippines, and is 5,200 miles from San Francisco and 000 miles from Manila. On the island are a great many lepers. It was a common sight to see them walking the streets without hands or eyes or noses, also with one leg. Men, women and children were afflicted with this dreadful disease. At the church and on the slreet no attention was paid to it until Governor Leary gave orders to get rid of the horrible disease. The Gov- ernor's orders, aided by the treatment of Dr. IIessler, soon decreased the number of victims.

TIIE TIDAL WAVE.

W e never will forget the terrible storm of November 13, 2000, which laid the town of Agana in ruins, jllst after we had compleled lhe building up of the place. Wind, rain and sea did great damage. The sea rose three feet in the streets, carrying huildings, trees and bridges away. Roads were torn up by falling lrees, and only [our stone houses remained standing. The wind was very strong, blowing at the rate of 1/10 miles an hour, lifting the corrugated iron roof off the Governor's palace and carrying it out to sea. The natwes were left homeless, wet, cold and hungry, and they hid under roofs of falling buildings, many being killed. The roof was also taken off the marines' quarlers, and some of the boys found shelter in the wet cellar. The church was not destroyed, and hundreds flocked there. The saw-mill, distilling plant and a large lumber pile were swept miles away. Governor Shrawder, who was the military governor of the island, gave orders for all commissary goods to he tleilvered to the starving natives, and the marines were detailed to lahe a hand-car1 and deliver the food. They iy~orked hard through the rain, through streets with about {hree feet of water, after the wind had gone down. Every fi1mil-y received canned meat, hardtack, flour and pork.


When delivering the food, the marines were many times hlirled across the streets by the wiud.

In other parts of the island the natives suflered very much, for there was no way in which to reach them untd the storm ceased; then a boat was sent around with food. I t was a pitif111 sight to see men, women and children orll in the streets crylng; mothers w ~ l h babies 111 their a rms l o o k ~ n gfor shelter. The churches in lhe Lowris were filled with people, as they were b l i~ l t of slone ilritl were not much aflected, as the water stopped a t the doors. The nativei lost everything they had, and their crops had been extra good that year. Many oi the towns had five Ceet of water In their streets.

The enlisted men of lhe Island had to share lheir food with 3,000 riat~ves of Agarla and other lowns, until the) were able to provide for themselves. W e were fortunate in having several months' slores on hand. T h e 11. S. S. Yosemite, which was lying a t anchor 111 the ha r lmr of S a ~ r 1,uis de Apra, parled her anchor chain, owing to a high wind i torm, arid dragged on a coval reel, breaking her steering gear and also rnak~rrg a hole In her I.Io\Y, a l low~ng Ihc walcr7 lo flow in and p ~ ~ t l l l ~ g 111 the bo~ le r i a n d ilood-0111 thc f i ~ ~ c i ing the ship. T h e waler - t~ght cornparimenti ou h e gi111 deck were clo.ed, thlli saving the s h ~ p from s111k11ig. Boat- swain 11. Sweei~eyand a crew of twelve inen ~n a large row boat, and a steam lal~ncll w ~ l h five men, p l ~ t off lor Ihe shore. It w a i impossible I'or the s h ~ p to stand such a iea. T h e steam lalirich was losl arid five of her able \earnen. The boats were swcpt lrom Ihe davlts arrd <mashed to pieces. Sweeney and hi6 Imal'5 crew were capstzed, h r~ t f o r t ~ ~ n a l e l greached shore sal'ely. 11 was lor t l~na te the) werc not drowned, b ~ ~ t they werc ~n a teri~lble cond~ l io~ l , with sore lect arid t h e ~ r laces anti halrds c111 from t h o coral reef In trying to reach shore. T h e ) then walhrd five n l~ le5to !\gnuu i o ah to report to the Ciovemor. It was d l f f~cu l tfor them to reach Agana, as the bridges were swepl f i~ \ rnva n d rotldc r i l l $ i ~ p .h111 llirv ; \ r r i ~ r dni lo.+ nvrt n.p:.c

given warm clothes and the marines did all they could to make them comfortable. The Governor was uneasy about 1,he ship, so he sent word down to the town of Peity to Captain Scott of the U. S. Naval Collier Jeston, which was anchored there, lo proceed for the Yosemite. All hands on deck were glad to see the ship coming to save them from a watery grave. Sharks by the hundreds were around the +hip, and the crew thought that they would be lost. Men prayed that night who had never prayed before. The Yose~nite was sunk in 70 fathoms of' water. Jn taking sollndings from the U. S. S. Nero, they found it to be the deepest in the world. The Jeston returned with the crew and they were brought to town and warm clothing given ihem. Nexl day all of the ship's crew and the marines were put to work (excepting those men who were badly used up ) repairing bridges, roads and government buildings. The Yosemite was 425 feel long. She carried ten five-inch glins and six six-polinders, and a crew of 250 officers and men.

The following poem was composed b y n marine who was stationed ashore:

T H E LAST O F THE YOSEMITE. Across the broad Pacific, to the rocky shores of Guam, The grand old Yosemite anchored in a little bay so calm, Riding lazily, gallantly, in a pretty bay, Never expecting a storm, or a fatal day. She was taken by surprise on the 13th of November, And the crew got a date they will always remember. The storm that struck her was fierce with a tidal wave, And the men worked hard their good ship to save.

Worse and worse it got; she ,could not stand the strain; With a snap and a terrible crash, she broke her anchor chain, She went to sea over the reefs; the rain was falling fast; Many men had said their prayers, th~nk ing i t had been their last; With a hole in her bow, the deep angry sea she would plow. I t was bail or sink, and they worked with sweat of brow; So they bailed for two days, and were drifting about, When the .Teston pushed off for the Yosemite to scout


They found her a t last in a sinking condition, and none too soon, The crew were thinking they had come to their doom. Three cheers were given with a glad yell, Fo r t he brave crew lives, their story to tell. F rom the deck of the Jeston they watched her with eager eyes, F o r she was sinking very f a s t from under the skies. They gave he r a funeral salute of three guns, and a cheer, And she went on a cruise for probably many a year.

Her grave was a deep one, and she'll steam no more or sail, But the nation is glad they have no sorrow to bewail, Davy Jones received her with open a r m s and chuckled with glee, To the bottom she went with Davy's fleet, the sea. She'll s t ay there forever, this Monarch of Ocean, Unless she tumbles and breaks up with a motion, And be 'washed upon shore for history's sake, To keep people's minds from forgetting her wa.lie.

She goes down in memory a s the first Station Ship of Guam, And i t makes many think tha t something was wrong With her Commander, and why to sea he did not go; Bu t with a storm and waves like tha t there was no show. A ship is nothing to lose, so long a s the crew's lives were saved, And her men tha t once suffered a r e still riding the waves. I say, leave her a t rest a t the bottom of the sea, So the fish of the deep can play with glee. But so long a s we live we will never forget her bold frame, Fo r the thousands of miles we rode her throu,qh the Spanish main.

And forget her, we cannot, until we a re old and gray, So we can tell of the wreck and the tidal wave-day, And the damage i t done, and on tha t island there is no fun, So we will close up thc story of a ship tha t went "on the bum."

-Composed by George Brindley, Boston, Nass.

(Ex-Pr ivate United Sta tes Marine Corps, 1901)

THE ISLAND O F GUAM.

Of all the green isles of the E a s t land Tha t res t in the summer sea,

There is one whose wild charms in n vision Of fancy of t come back to me ;

I can scent the sweet odor of ylang, See the moonbeam ensilver the palm,

I can e'en hear the bells of Agana, In the far distant Island of Guam.

19 HISTORY OF T H E PIONEER MARINE BATTALION

Oft too in my day-dreams I hearken To the sound of the surf on the shore,

As i t plays on it's great harp of coral, Like some giant Orpheus of yore;

Or to the whispering zephyr That murmurs a tropical psalm,

As i t sweeps thro' the fronds of the plantain In the sea-cradled Island of Guam.

Once more a s I stand on the hill-top, And gaze o'er the waters afar,

There floats from the door of some cabin The strains of a Spanish guitar,

Giving forth the quaint a i r of a love-song, Enhancing the night's holy calm,

Recalling a flood of old memories That cling round the Island of Guam.

But no bower of roses e'er blossomed That was guiltless of chastening thorn,

And amid all the romance and beauty In my heart a deep sorrow is born,

When I think of the spirits of comrades Who reck not of storm or of calm,

Who sleep in the graves by the seashore In the green-mantled Island of Guam.

-Thomas F. Carney, Gun Sergeant, U. S. M. C., 1911.

Muster Roll of Marine Battalion on Board U. S. S. Yosemite at Guam, August 31, 1899, and Stationed in

the Town of Agana.

Major A. C. Kelton, commanding. Captain C. L. A. Ingate. Captain J. Ruqsell. First Lieutenants R. E. Carmody, H. W. Carpenter. Quartermaster Sergeant George Yout. First Sergeants Edward Clifford, John F. Cox. S e r g e a ~ ~ t sGeorge A. Cox, Eugene A. Dooley, Frank G.

Thompson, Frank Ellis, Evan M. Jones. Corporals John McSween, Robert Gray, Joseph J. Bren-

Tian, Charles G. Swanson, Clarence Sinclair, John IT. Nel-ion, John F. Gillespie, William FT. West , Amos R. Ingham.


Drummers George W . Sutlon, John 11. Tyers. Trumpeters Robert B. Lloyd, Arthur Goodwin. Privates Frank Allen, Charles F. Allen, Samuel Alton,

John L. Anstead, Joseph Appleton, Joseph T. Barlow, Jos- eph Baroni, Herman A. Berch, James Boyce, Michael Brady, Thomas Brett, George Brindley, Charles H. Brooks, Freder- ick J . Brooks, William P. Brown, John Brunen, John Camp- hell, James E. Campbell, Thomas F. Carney, Frank W . Cary, William R. Caufman, Charles B. Chase, John 11. Clifford, James Cooper, Willie W . Cougle, Frank D. Creamer, Robert Crockett, Thomas F. Cunniff, .John Davis, George E. De-Groat, Charles DeKim, William Dowling, Gilbert F. C. Drissgill, Ronald M. Dupree, James Eagan, Edward Eyrain- er , James Farrell, George Forgil, George N. Foster, Oliver J. Gately, Simon R. Gresham, Walter Gutkey, Werner L. Hoffman, Harry 1-1. Hughes, John W. Hyndman, Henry B. Jacks, Harry I?. Jenness, Thomas J . Kane, Osborn M. Keys, Harry B. Lamont, Arthur L. LeBaron, Selson LeBlanc, Eze- kiel Loveland, William Mackenzie, John 17. Marsden, James McCoy, James P,McGuire, James McMahon, Robert Mc-Xally, Robert iUetcall', Edward J . Metz, W ~ l l i a m E. Morris, Michael J . O'Brien, Gustavus O'Connell, Patrick O'Donnell, Thomas O'iVeill, Daniel Ormsbee, Dennis O'Rourke, Walter Patterson, Fred L. Piper, John L. Powers, Thomas M. Pur- cell, John M. Rall, Joseph P. Reagan, Charles Reynolds, Turk Ross, Sapoleoli Ruell, Lawrence Ryan, Theodore Salus, Eugene Sanjule, Pal11 Schoernig, Louis Schramm, Charles Seitz, Herman Shaw, James Smith, Walter D. Smith, Myron E. Snell, Wlllianl B. Stnllings, James M. Sugden, Jeremiah Sullivan, Jeremiah J . Sullivan, Timothy Sullivan, Ilarvey W . Thomas, John W. Theis, Martin Tynan, Frank \;I.'egmalt, Thomas E. Whalen, Francis A. Whitney, Frar~ci i Williams, Waller l&'oods.

Transferred to Cavite Navy Yard

When oilr work was completed at G~lam, we were or-rer red to Cavite, P. I . , being ~~nexpectedly r e l i e ~ e d by a


battalion of marines. They came on the gun-boat General Lava, (Spanish caplured boat) on Sunday, November 25, 2800. On the same d a j ninety-two of us left Guam a t 1.30 p. m. for the same ship, bound Cor the naval station a t Cavite, P. I. On Monday nlght our l ~ t t l c gun-boat steamed out of the bag of San Lus de Apra, a r r~v ing a t Cavite on Sunday morning, December 2d, at 10.30 a. m., and a t 3.30 p. m. we left the ship for the barracks. W e were given suitable quarters at the Navy Yard in the old Spanish fort 8an Fill Pee.

The town of Cav~te and the Kavy Yard are much better than Guam. There were places lo go to and socials, so it was not as lonesome a place as Guam, where a battalion were for sixteen months.

Sunday was a day oi sport for the nalives arid enlisted men, in rooster-fighling arid ball playmg on the parade grounds in Cavlte. A picked nine from lhe battalion of sailors and marines was rnade I I ~Irom Lhe s h ~ p s . Some- times it would be so ld~ers agamst marines. They were very interesting games, and hundreds witnessed them. The c.fTicers and their. I 'am~llci, Irorn the army, iiavy and marine corps were often preseut. The lwo best teams on that station were the marine team and the sailors from the Kew Yorlc. In one year thirty-elg!lt ball garnes were played, the marines winning thirty--1wo. TI wa.; the fiuesl team I ever saw.

W e were stationed here when Presideill M c t i ~ ~ i l e y was assassinated. Merl 111 tlic IJ~litetl States service are not as a rule taken by surprise, tor they n111st expect lo be ordered a t any tlme to any place; but when lhc news came that our beloved President had been sl-rol by an anarchist, the news spread through the d a n d l ~ h e wld-fire. A grand, mock- mllitary fimeral was held at R'Lan~la, with 2,000 men of the crmy, navy and marme corps in line and several barids playing the death inarch. Tlloll5ands of spcctalors stood with bowed heads, heavy guns fired salute, and 2,000 en-listed men presented arms. The bands played one of Mr.


McKinley's favorite hymns, "Lead Kindly Light.'' The (:overnor, and several other good speakers, spoke on the life o f President McKinley. Rev. Fr. Chadwick, chaplain on the U. S. S. Kew York, then stationed at Cavite Bay, gave a very interesting address on the life of our President, a t the Navy Yard, before a large gathering of officers, en-listed men and government employees.

At Chvite there were three battalions of marines in the lown and two HI the Navy Yard, companies of one hundred strong. It reql~ired a large number 01 men stationed in the town and jard, and also at the coal pile, the l~ghthouse and governnieltl I ~ ~ ~ i l d ~ n g i , lor Lhe natives would steal, set fire to, or try to blow tip Ihe magazine. At that time the Phil- lppllie i~~ i r l r r ec t lo~ i was I)realiii~g oilt. Many bold attempts were made to smr~ggle goods Irom the Yard, but these payties were captrired hy the marine guard and locked up. W e were here 011 l h ~ i h111d of duty for Len months, and tltiring ollr stay we v~si ted Manila several t ~ m e s .

The walled city of Manila contains many ancient buildings. It is a large place, and the capital of the Philippines. There are 1200 islands in the group, nine of them of con-siderable size; the remainder are mostly rocks. Thousands of bales of hemp are shipped lo other ports every day. The r)roducts of the Island are rice, coffee, oranges, lemons, cocoanuts, bread-fruit, yams, mangoes, corn, squash, hemp, tobacco and lr~mber.

Manila is becoming more Americanized, as there is a large police force called the Metropolitan, and a fire depart- ment consirLirig of 100 men, who are ex-service men. There are also Chinese and Spanish merchants, besides Americans. There is a large port, a r ~ d a number of ships come there to be loaded with hemp, fruit, etc., for other pnrts.

Entering Manila Bay, the ships plow steadily past the island of Corregidor, standing like a grim sentinel guarding the narrow entrance, and after steaming thirty miles thro~lgh the blue waters of the hay anchors hehind the

newly built breakwater in front ol' Lr~nela. The harbor has I~ecn extensively improved since Americnli occupalion, and an inner basin has been c o n i l r ~ ~ c t e d i n which the largesl .,hips in the world can author with salely, and a nurnber 01 wharves are being built at which lhese vessels can come alongside and receive and discharge their cargoes. W h e n the porl works are completed, Manila, will have the finest and sales1 harbor in the Far Easl, and because of her geo- graphical position, w ~ l l he a1 the very doorway of Asia, midway between lhe rich, newly opened territories or Sorther11 China and the lhickly populated possessions.

Cavite. Across lhe Bay, ten miles from the capital 01 Manila, lies the old naval town of Cavite. It is a picturesque ( i l y of small size. and ha5 played its part in the history of Ihe East, and now, w ~ t h lhe cxcept~on of the busy scenes to be fourid about the Kavy Yard, seems to have dropped back again into the fifteeilth cenlury. I l i church and walls are moss-grown and crnmhling, and the clang of modern machinery and llaval shops, wilh ils medieval streets and slructurei, are awalienrng the lnlerei l of the visitor. In the hay Croiltirlg Cavite, ctrelch the waters over which thundered Lhe grlrls of Adrniral Dewey on May 1, 1898, when .hips were sunk and power destroyed. The strong old I'ortification guarding lhe town now shelters the Navy Yard. '['he sunken Spanish vessels of war, which seventeen years ago showed their tor11 upper-works above the blue waters, have been destroyed, or removed from the paths of peaceful navigation. A trip lo Cavite will well repay the visitor. This can be made by way of the regular or naval ferry (which makes frequent trips during the day) . A day can be interestingly spent here, or, if one is hurried, a half-day will be sufficient for making the roilnds, giving two hours to view the place.

From Corregidor light-house to Manila Bay ( the entrance to Manila Bay) is a distance of forty miles, according to the map.

W h e n Admiral Dewey's fleet of warships destroyed the


Spanish fleet a t Cavite, May 1, 1S0S7 he gave orders to land marines at the Navy Yard to protect all government prop- erty. The town was also under martial law. These marines were to remain at Cavile u ~ t i l the first battalion of marines came from the Stales. They coiisisted of sergeant's guard, aiid were kept at the lighl-house, coal pile, and all ihe small towns. Several bard engagements took place between the marines aiid the Filipinos, resulting in vic- tories for the marines, the Filipinos being killed in large numbers. Then tlic Boxer tro~lble in China brought the marines once more inlo the history of this country. In the 80-mile march from Tin Sin to Peliin, they met the Jaws of Death, putting 11p a good fight. 'I'hc Marine Corps was ncarly on the verge of disbandrner~l 1)clor.e they struck the first blow at Guantanamo, Cllba, June 10, 1598, when the ccho was heard around the world of the mai3iries first to land; first lo fight; first i o capl~t re everything in sight; first in war ; firs1 in peace; first in the hearts oC their country- mcn-United States Marines.

TIJE MASSACRE AT BATAiSGlGA.

The rrlassncre of C compally oJ the 9th 11rlant1-ywas olie of the most cowardly acts. The company were attacked while a t breakfast by four hundred strong Filipinos armed with long, sharp bolas. Some of them rushed to the officers' quarters, some lo the men's quartera, olhers to the mess tables, swinging their wicbcd weapons right and leit until half of the company of American soldiers fell victims to their bolas. Officers were Sound killed In t h e ~ r beds, horribly cut 11p. A f e w o f the men who happened to be fortunate enough to escape rushed for rifles. With the os- histance of the cooks arid bakers they killed a hundred or more of the natives. One cook who had a baseball bat lo defend himself with l a d out several. Quartermaster Ser- geant Frank Petrom assumed command rushed for the water front. With the survivors he secured five bancas


and pulled twenty-five milei to an army post called Bassay and reporled the trouble.

In the meantime lhe rlalives rohhed the cparters of every- lhing in the way of r~fles , Sood, clolhl~ig and ammunition and wen1 to the mountains. Word was soon sent to the senior officer in command of all t,roops 011 the island of the lerrlble disasler. l l e at once ordered a company of soldiers to the scene. They ~mmediately go1 to work, buried their dead comrades, deitroyed the lown and went searching for the savages.

The soldiers killed in the fight 260 Filipinos. When the U. S. marines relieved the soldiers they found thal the starv- lrlg hogs were rooting tip lhe grave.: of the dead soldiers. Several of the hogs were killed arid a fence pill aronnd the graves as a proiectior~. Each grave was marked so that the I)urial corps might be able to identify the remains. It was necessary to place a note, in a shell or boltle or old can, tlnder the arm ol the bodies, with name and company nlim- her.

The massacre of C company o c c ~ ~ r r e d on September 28, 1001, and by a n acl of the same year Colonel 1,. T. Waller, U. S. Marines, received his orders to have three hundred p~cked marines In readiness lo proceed to lhe island o f Samar. W e embarked on lhe U. S. Cruiser New York, Capt. Mackenzie. Rev. Fr. Chadwick, chaplain o l the same chip, gabe a s a very interest~iig a n d encouraging sermon. fTe was well l ~ k e d by all classes.

Our first stop was at Calmerlangan, where we anchored Lor the night. The next morning we were transferred to the naval collier Zifero, because the water was not deep enough for the New York to proceed to Balangiga. W e started for the harbor of Catlalogan, anchoring there for lhe night. The following morning, at 5 o'clock, we left for the town of Rassay, Samar. Two companies of marines, C and D, were landed with a commanding officer; and fur- ther down the coast we left the remainder of F Company and II Company, at the town of Balangiga, Samar. I was

stationed at this town. W e relieved a company of infantry soldiers (I)) of the 19th Regiment; we set up our tents, 1+11ilttreuches, erected a flag pole and hoisted Old Glory to Ihe breeze; then slarted olir hiking throughout the counlry. i

W e were operatmg wtth the soldiers aiid marines of other towns, aiid before we got th ro l~gh we made the place look like what we expected it to. The first hike to leave the low11 was Company IJ, Second R e g ~ m e n t of Marines. This low11 wab i l l r r ~ i ~ l swhen we arrived there, it having been destroyed by the soldiers. Thls was the town where the I

famous Cornpang C were w ~ p e d out by the hands of the qavage r ~ a t ~ v e s who used bolas.

The following is the translaiion of a letter that was Sound at General l ,~~chr:arn'i headquarters after the massacre:

"As a represeulat~be ol this town of Balangiga, I have the honor to let yo11 know, after having conferred with the principals of l h ~ s lown al . )o~~lthc pol~cy to be pursued with the enemy, In c a w they come 111, we have agreed to have a fictit~oiis policy w ~ t h Lhem, doing whatever they may like, and when the occaslon comes the people will quickly rise rtp againit them.

''1'. A. RAYAX, Local President. "To the Jnsurgent OtTicer 111 Comn-rand of the Island.

"Bnlangiga, 30 May, 1901."

Thc marines and soldiers who lost their lives there in some instances are lying unburied on the bleak mountain .ides of Samar ; their blood has soaked the soil of that fatal lsland. Through the hell of battle the infantry and marines went undaunted. It made no difference whether the enemy was arrayed in the treacherous garb of the Amigo or not, the duty of the soldiers and marines was done without complaint. They have fought against the Chinese and the Malay savages; they have paid the score with the lives of their comrades. All honor to the soldiers and United States Marines.

This battalion of marines was composed of men of the

famous first battalion, who wenl to Cav~le in IS!)!) and the first battalion of marines who wcnl to C r ~ ~ a m , I . , in 1890. I,. 7 he marines landed at Cavite i n time for the Philippine Iiisurreclion. They certainly dld i ome hard fighling-(or' rnstance, the battle 01 fioralrta, which lasted for hours, the soldiers and marines being v~ctorions. They were in command o l Col. George Eliot, now retired General, I?. S. M. C., who was one o l those rough and ready field oflicers who always seemed to have great luck in all his r~ndertakings, and his men were always ready to go wilh hlm wherever he went.

One hall of lhe marrne baltalion are veteran5 of the Spanish-American war, having seen active servlce in Cuba, 1808, on shore and afloat; myrelf In D Company a t Guan- lanarno, Cuba, 1898.

I never will forget this experience. I had just been {alien off the slck report on Sunday, a bright Kovember morning. A detachment wenl on a hike, with Second Lieu- leuant in charge. The first thing we got was wet feet in t t e rice fields; then a big hill to climb, and th ro l~gh the woods we dlicovered a lonely shack b ~ ~ i l t near a lo1 of trees. An invcstigatiorl was made by the picket, and the resnll was he Iourid a knapsack, blanket, clothing, and the company (shest. They all belonged to Company C. The boys divided the goods amongst themselves. We killed p ~ g s , hens and rattle arid destroyed the plantat~on, and then proceeded on orlr wag as though nolhing had happened. About a mile f rom this place we burned six f i sh~ng boats, a large pile of hemp, and we helped orrrselves to the cocoanuts. It was getting late, so we returned on ariot,her trail. W e discovered a shack of riipanipa between some cocoanuts trees, arid a man jumped out of the window. Several shots were fired, but we never knew whclher we hit him or not. In the house there was a crippled old man and a young girl, 1,robably his daughter. She was silting on the floor. The house was surrounded by guards; I was one of them. W e fo~lrlda soldier's blue shirl, trousers, shoes, and a photo of


a young man in civilian dress. There were also blood- stained bolas. Evidently they had been implicated in the massacre of Company C. W h e n the boys saw these things, it made them mad, so they put the people to death and destroyed their place.

On our way to camp it was very dark. W e had to go single file and very slowly, Tor the Filipinos had set traps for us, these traps being large holes four feet deep and two leet wide, and in them were set poisoned spurs. Fortu-11ately we escaped lhem. In iome place5 wc round logs thrown across the trail to trip us up. W e were in the woods and we thought the enemy would come upon us and give us s good fighl, as we co~rld see smoke rising that looked like camp-fires; but we did noi, see them and were glad of it, for we were hungry, wet and tir)ed, and several of the men had chills and fever, while many were under the doctor's care with swe l l~ng oT the feel ca l~sed by long hikes, and sore eyes.

October 28, 1001, Capl. I). Por l r r embarked with seven- ty-five marines from Balang~ga, ahoard lhe U. S. S. Vicks-burg. W e landed near a tow11 callrd G ~ ~ i n a u ,destroyed lowns, and h r ~ r ~ i e d hemp. l n all we had eighly-\even

I tmarines including twelve from lhe Y ~ c l i s b ~ ~ r g . wa,i n long march through woods. W e were fired upon. W e returned the volley ar@ were rcady lor bnltlc, br11 the enemy took to flight.

CIIRTSTMXS JS PJJILIPPIXES.

Our first Christmas a t the town of Balangiga. Samar, we enjoyed very much. W e had no hiklng lo do that day, only lo amuse ourselves, walking, rl~rrnirig and having polato races. Our dinner consisted of roasted caribou, which myself and two others had killed Lwo days before. Wi th this we had potatoes and onions, also biscuit, which the cook made especially for us. This fed two companies of marines and sixteen Filipino prironers. In the evening we


iake the cl~ff by gomg lhal wag, for lhe guns of the ship (.oi~ldnot reach it, owtng lo shoal water. These large cliffs were well lorlifictl w ~ t h Imnhoo grins, aird l~ar rg i~ ig over lhc

were I ; \ T ~ c b o ~ ~ l d e r s~ ~ d e s of rocks placed 111 bamboo bas- kels. They were to he crr t ~ O W I Ilo Li11 11s II ' \\ c npproacl~etl Itear them. Tt was late ln lhe evclrlng to L i m l back, and our orders were lo remam here over night; so my company i C o m p a n ~P) 5lept urider c.ocoan~lt tree>, one company being on walch over crossroads arid \alleys from 7 to 12 o'clock; lhen being relieved by another company. I was very fortr~nate that nrght i3s orrr company did no1 do any gilard ~ I I ~ J ,h ~ r t at drisk shots were fired a t us from a high moun tail]. W e all roie r ~ p a ~ r d grabbed orrr rifles, for we rtlwnys s l t y l wllh llrcrn Ilear orrr <ides. We saw nothing. Every marl fired i ~ p airti down and arorlnd the mountains and kept the marhrnc grrn\ going Tor two minutes. Aller that 1101 a shol was fired. 111 the morllirlg we hiked back to c:ilr qilarler5, n long n l~d Iiresorne rnarch or three mlles. \\7e were a tired l o o k l ~ ~ g lo1 of men, sr~f't'ering lrom body iores Iron) liclic whrle ly~l ig 0 1 1 llie g i w u ~ ~ d .

Lucban, Who Was the Ruler of Samar.

General Vicenti I ,ucl-m~, insurgent ruler of the island of Sarnar, and who w a i responsible for the bloody slaughter ilpon Company C, I S a more remarkable man than even Aguinaldo, as n leader of the Filipinos. He is a short, heavily built man of a b o i ~ t 58 years, and wears a long, thick mustache, which is q u ~ t e uncommon with most of his countrymen. It is commonly reported that he was a clerk in Manila at the time of the breaking out of the last insurrection against the Spaniards. Whatever may have been his ot-c~lpallon, he belongs to a family of wealth and con-siderable prominence in Southern Luzon. In this family were four solis, three of whom have been identified with the ins~lrrectiouary movements of the past few years. The fo11rtllson, a physician, went to Spain as soon as hostilities

enjoyed ourselves the best we could In singing, dancing, smoking, playing cards and telling slories.

The next morning at daybreak we werc awake and lined lip ready to go on a moment's nolice 011 a march through the jungles. W e left two Lhree-inch field guns, two Colt's automatic guns, with twenty-five men. W e consider a camp sale with four field gllns and twenty-five men with rifles. They could train lhose gllns any way they pleased and keep back five hundred Filipinos from advancing to Lhe trenches. They didn't dare to come near the camp, as they were al ' ra~d of the ships in the harbor.

The duty was Iery h n ~ d oil rnariuei and soldiers, on this ~s l and . Long marches 11p n~orllltartl\,in skeams of water, into mud and rice fields, the hot lropical sun beatirlg down on us, suffering from mosqlritoes at nighl, sleeping on the groulid, standing watch for two hours in the jungles watch- !ng the crossroads so tha t the enemy would not come upon us ; then, in the mornlng, a1 daybreak, march again. Not a day passed but the Filipii~os fired upon us when on a march hut they got a hot volley ill return, while their dead lag \pattered about.

The islaud of Samar is as fierce an island as Ihere is on the globe. The desert jungles slid tangles of vines and trees made i l very disagreeable Tor the men when on march- ?ng expeditions. During the rainy season, when the rain came down in torrenls from the morrntains, it flooded the creeks and rivers, making it very hard for the men to find the trails.

The marines accomplished great results in capturing the cliffs up the Soudan river, they being 250 feet high. W e also captured twenty-four bamboo guns and ammunition, destroyed the shacks, and killed forty Filipinos. To do Ihis, we had -lo march six miles, scaling the bamboo lad- ders and taking the strong fort at the rear of the cliff, with their machine gun and two companies of marines. W e made a charge and took the Filipinos by surprise, for they were expecting 11s by water; but we knew we could never


broke out. The yolingesl son, who was less than twenty years of age a1 lhat lime, was at Ca tha longa~~ , Samar, P. I . , when the Americans lar~detl there in January, 1900, having l)een sent lhere by his hrother, General J i~~cl )c? l~ , as a 5py upon the ofylcers 111 commarid at lhal town. Thl r brother was ranked as caplain in the i ~ s ~ i r g e n t army. 11 is stated ihat both father and mother of Lucbari were half Filipino and halt' Ch~nese .

Up to the time of Lhe wilhdrawal oU the Spaniards from the Philippines, there had heell 110 insurrection in Samar. When the Spaniards left and lhe Americans failed to put in appearance, the leading men of the island conslilted among lhemselves as to what they shoilld do I'or a governmenl, and who should be [he g ~ ~ a r d i a i ~ . of law and order. Soon L11cI)an, hearing a commisslorr as Brigad~er-General from Aguinaldo, appeared at (hibalogan, with a forre of about one hundred r~f lemen, and annou~iced that he, a i a repre- ieiilahve of the Ph i l~pp i r~e Repl~hlIC , was Governor of the Jslantl and General in command. He had been their Com- mander-in-Chief b111a ) ea r when the Americans took pos- 5eision; b1i1 the hold that Ire had gained u p o n the peoplc was remarkable. T J I ~~ r ~ f l ~ l e l ~ c eis especially a matter of wonder, wheri he ihowetl lhe Ch~nese blood lhat flowed in his veini, des t roy~ng the power ol the Chrirch and estab- I ~ s l i ~ n gh ~ sown, hoodwinh~ng the people. Immediately r!pon landing a t Catbalogarr, l , ~~c l ) an began lhe organiza- t ~ o nof a m~litai-y lorre. tlrgh-class natives were appointed as offlcers and dressed u p in garldy ~ ~ n l f o r m s , which ap- pealed lo their prrde t remendol~rly. Considerable forces of infantry and artillery were formed, hut they were, as a matter of fact, of n o in~portance whalevcr, except for use In hoodwiiihing the people. The plans were well carried out, for Lllcban continuously preached war to the people and had all the women o f the town making cartridges, and ( w r y I~ousehold was required to display a Filipino flag. P o l ~ rmiles outside of Catbalogan an arsenal was built. This arsenal waq really very well equipped for the manufacture

HISTORY OF T H E PIONEER MARINE BATTALION 32 11 of firearms and ammunition, and was strongly fortified. When the coming of the Americans was heard of, Lucban

their women and rob their houses. He bluffed them with ~! the worst kinds of lies, and they did everything he said. I 1

He himself retired to his arsenal after giving orders that the town of Catbalogan should be burned rather than be 1 1 f

allowed to fall into the hands of the Americans. One o l jI the clever moves Lucban made to impress the Filipinos-, who, while far from guile, are very credulous-was as fol- 6

7 lows: Two of his principal officers and he himself re-moved all of their clothing, excepling their underclothes, and chained themselves to the stone Lvall of a jail, just I

under two heavily barred windows. On the ground, just i out of their reach, plates of food were placed. This pitiful

al scene was alleged to represent IJncban and his followers as \ prisoners in Manila during the rule of the Spaniards. Pho-I

I tographs of this scene were taken and scattered broadcast I over the island, to show to the people the oppression and

I hardship that the patriotic and disinterested leaders of the Filipinos were undergoing in the cause of liberty. By such I

I methods as these Lucban gathered about himself a stranger following than he had when he was undisputed ruler of the island. From time to time he has held communication with the Americans, and has discussed surrerlder with them; but

I for the most part he has always maintained that he would hold out to the bitter end, and so he did. Notwithstanding the atrocities he has committed, his manner was usually

I gentlemanly. Lucban speaks very good English, speaking and writing the English language sufficiently well to make himself clearly understood, a very rare accomplishment among his people. His profits from looting and extortion, carried on under the name of contributions of war during the year he was at Catbalogan, amounted to $150,000 in Mexican money, or $75,000 in American money. Of this

33 H I S T O R Y O F T H E P I O N E E R MARIPITE BATTALION

$18,000 (Mexican money) was captured by the Americans at the time of the firs1 landing on the island.

ITACTS ABOUT SAMAR.

The population of Samar, in 1002, was 185,386 regis- tered inhabitants, and about 10,000 native reftigees living in the morintains away from local authority. There are 32 towns on the island.

Catbalogan, the capital of Samar, is a military station, and is open to coasting trade. having a big trade with Man- ila in hemp, sugar, rice and cocoan~lt oil. It has a population of 5,072 inhabitanls. A mountain peak 1,483 feet high, rises lo the sorithwest, forming a conspicuous land- mark for navigators.

Balangiga, the icene of the massacre of Company C, is situated a t about the centre of the south coast on a height to the east of Snn Pedro and San Pablo Bay, a t the mouth of the Purag River, fifty-five miles southeast by south of Cat- halogan. The c o ~ m l r g inland is extremely rugged and traversed by nilmerous slreams.

The C and II Companies of Marines stationed a t the town of Bassay had a very difficult t ime of it. Their first attempt lo reach the clifls by way of the Soudan River was made by a detachment of marines under Colonel Walker , Captain Ihnlay , Lieutenant Williams and Lieutenant Day, with a three-inch field gun on a raft towed with a boat. They had gone but a Sew miles up the river when the enemy opened fire, but the Americans returned volley af ter volley. T h e loss on the enemy's side was heavy. The excitement on the raft was so great that it capsized, and they lost the gun, but it was recovered. One man, Private George Lynch, was l ~ s t . W e spent hours grappling for his body, but in vain. All we found was a three-inch gun. Up to the time tha t w e left the island no report was made that the body of Lynch was found.

W h e n the second attempt to reach the cliffs was made they got reinforcements, and 25 marines from F Company,

H I S T O R Y O F T H E P I O N E E R MARINE BATTALION 34

25 from K Company, Captain Porter o l F Company and Capt. Mathews o l I1 Company was detailed to go. W e liepl the machine gun firing, arid a company of men with rifles firing from boals towed by a steam launch, on both sides of the river for miles, they killing and destroying everything in sight. After that we were never fired upon. The marines were in several engagements and always came out victorious. Tn this expedition they suffered from sore feet and were overcome by heat from long marches. The headquarters of General Lucban, in the mountains, were dc-stroyed by the marines, aud the General himsell' m7asaller-wards captured by a company of soldiers. Two of his officers were killed by the marines and several of their camps aestroyed, as was also the old fort.

W e staid over night at lhe cliffs, lhe nexl morning marching to a hill called Misery IIill, a name given by the boys. I t rained terribly hard that night, and we were so wet and muddy many of 11s had chills. W e built a camp-fire, and the whole company of men tried to gel warm and dry around it. There was no shelter of any kind. W e tried to make a hut of banana leaves, bul it was impossible to do so, the rain being very heavy. Our rubber blanket was not long enough to cover us, but we got along the besl we could. The next morning it was still raining, but we enjoyed our good hot coffee and hkrdtack (no sugar or milk) .

From here we paddled nine miles in canoes, which we had captured, to the town of Basseg. Two companies o l marines went to the hospital on account of sore reel caused by long marching arid fever brought on by exposure in the rain. W e remained at the hospital six days, and then were crdered off on another march up the mountains. We de-stroyed villages and killed cattle, and had one engagement in the two days we were gone. Jn one place we saw several bands of insurgents but they retreated to the wooas.

While we were in Bassay resting from our long march, the commanding officer thought it would be proper to let 11s remain at the quarters that night, so part of Companies


C and D were lefl on g ~ ~ a r d and parole and Company F re-tired early, thinking lhey were at last to have a good night's :leep, Tor we hadn't had a peaceful night for tell nights. L)uring lhe night we were awakened by the cry for Help! Murder! Well, irlch confusion as there was in lhat room! Rvery marl was 11p and allout; all excited in the dark; some looking for shoes, qome lookirlg for trousers, and some looking lor their rifles. Some of the men received hits on thew heads and one 111 his eye. W e a11 thought the Filipinos had got into the quarters and were going to massacre us. The wild confusion hrollght the Sergeant of the Guard up to investigate; b r ~ t lt was only a dream, one of the men had the nightmare and t h o ~ ~ g h t the Filipinos were liilling him.

Before we marched across the island, General Smith, who was then in command of the American forces on the island, issued a proclamation to the na t~ves , for all peaceable natives to come into headquarters and surrender, giving them ten days to do it in. Ile promised to give them a place to hve in, for he didn't lntend to have the good pun- ished for the wicked. They were afraid to come in, as they were told by the presidents 01 the towns and General Lucban that the Americans wo~l ld kill them. General Smith's intention was to get at the thieves and murderers of the American soldiers. So we went hiking through the island, killing the savages and destroying their homes. W e found it difficult to put down the insurrection but we finally conquered.

During our four months' campaign on the island of Samar, we lost fourleen men ; some being drowned, some hilled, some by sickness, and others lost. At one time when on a march we lost ten men. Their bodies were never iound, but six months later a searching party consisting of P detachment of sailors, came across some bleached human skeletons, probably the bodies of our dead comrades. On t,he expedition that the marines were lost the native helpers refused to go with us and we traveled 250 miles through the


kind of country I have described before. It was a howling wilderr~ess, and is still in that condition. There was no l~ecessity lor making it s i ~ c h ; nature had done it for us. S o one lived i11 the cormtry through which we traveled; we had no guides, but we got along the best we could. In ad- dition to finding the murderers of Captain Connell and his men, we were to find and follow an old road which the Spaniards had l a d out jears before, but which had been 1.eglected and lost for so long a tlme that the tropical growth had completely obliterated it. Our company got lost; we were without food, and in a lerrible condition. Every marl had sore feet, Sever and was weak from lack of food and blind from leaches. W e could not carry our belts or rifleq, hilt just lmrely drag o ~ ~ r s e l v e s irnder a tree. W e were found by a relief party, which had been notified by Captain Porter, Sergeant Quick, U. S. M. C., and three privates whose names I forgel, who walked to an army garri- .on and reported the case. An of l~cer of the U. S. A. came with a detachment and four~d Lieut. A. Williams, U. S. M. C., and the men in a dying condition, and they were put in boats and carried to the garriqon, where medical aid was given them, but four died. Ten others of the company were reported missing.

The expedition that Second Lieut. K. P. Williams, U. S. A., had charge of, which came to the rescue of the marines and Second Lieut. A. Williams, U. S. M. C., deserve great credit for rescuing and carrying the helpless starving marines from the mountains. Those soldiers suffered hardship for two days, looking for the missing marines,- Ihose marines who were lost in the mountains without shoes, shirt or trousers enough to cover their bodies. Both soldiers and marines were in bad condition, their clothes rotting and dropping from their bodies on account of the steady down-pour of rain and sleeping on the ground, and the thorny bushes cutting their legs while hiking in the jungles. Lieut. Williams, U. S. M. C., was badly cut up by several bolo men.


The men were all lired otlt from the long hikes of the twenty days lost in the j t~ r~g le s , and their feet were so sore and bleeding that it was impossible for them to keep up with the main column. Their rlfles were covered with rusl and dirt, and the men were too weak to fire them, even i l they should meet the enemy. The first two that were lost were Privates Basset1 arid Bailey, and they were not missed 11ntil we had r e t ~ ~ r n e d from the molintains. Search was made for them by Sergeant E~igene Dooley, U. S. M. C., b11L they could not be found. At lhe foot of the mountain we lound William Woods bleeding rrom the leach bugs, a small insect which i t ~ f e s t ~ lhat local~lg very commonly in Ihe summer and c a ~ ~ s e sserious trouble with the eyes. Woods was too weak when f o ~ m d to walk, his feet swollen, and shirt and trousers torn to rags h y the lhorny bushes. I-le told S e r g e a ~ ~ t nooley that he could not walk any farther and io look o r ~ t for himself. Farther along, Private Bar- lorley was found, and he, too, was very weak. His feet had given O I I ~and the man wa, so weak, from lack of food, that he could 1101 lifl his head from the ground. He told the sergeant thal he could 1101 walk, for he was dying. IIis eyesight was very poor, a ~ l d he could just see. The ser-geant walked I'arlher along and Col~nd Private Murray lying near the t runk of an old tree. l ie was out o l his head and began to bark like a dog. A little farther on were found Privates Brett, Foster and San Jule, all lying near a tree, unable to walk. Uooley, who was pretty well used up, could do nothing Lo help them. Privates Brown and Connell were among the missing. W e were all troubled with skin peeling from our hands and feet, owing to the heat and our clothing soaked with rain. On this hike we came across a little shack high on a hill, which looked as if it had just been wrecked, as a fire was burning there. W e camped here to rest ; we were weak and starving, it being impossi- hie for us to get enough to eat, our food being gone; the rivers were overflowing everything; and the marines were a wreck.

39 HISTORY O F THE PIONEER MAI:I;\'E 1: \TTALION


arrived at Lanang a1 dusk and the men were carried to the hospital and placed tinder care of the post surgeon.

The following men were with Lieut. K. P. Williams on the rescue party: Corps. George M. Cross, Jc ise K. Ellis; Privates Frank A. Watson, Reuben Mott, Oliver Marks, Martin Donahue; Peter Moody, Albert Rose, Philip Maguire, George E. Riggs, William E. Bateman, Hospital Corps, U. S. A. The above names are from Company K, First lnlnn- try, and were recommended for conspicuous gallantry. Ten of the marines were lost. The marines hiked from one end of the island to the other and they were all rccom-mended for their bravery.

I think lhat Major Waller and General Smith used good judgment in giving order< for the cruelly of those savage outlaws who wiped out Company C of the LiilLh Infantry and tried to do the same for the marines. General Smiih's written and printed orders, and the actual conduct of military operations ill Samar, were jr~stified by the history and condition of warfare with the cruel and treacherous sav-ages who inhabited the island, and their utter disregard of the laws of war, and were wholly within the limitation o f General Order So . 100 of 1863, and were sustained by pre- cedents of highest authority. Thus, in 1779, Washington ordered General Sullivan to seek the total destruclion and devastation of their settlements. He wrote: "But you will co t by any means listen to overtures of peace before the total ruin of their settlement is effected. Our future se-curity will be in their inability to injure, the distance to which they were driven and in the terror with which the severity of the chastisement they received will inspire them."

The Fort Phil Kearney massacre, in 1866, for base treachery, revolting cruelty and the condition of seriotis danger which followed it, did not approach the massacre of Balangiga, in Samar, in September, 1901. Theodore Roosevelt was president of the United States in 1901.

After our stay in Bassey we started our march to Balan-

41 HISTORY O F T H E P I O N E E R MARINE IL4TTALION

giga, a distance of twenty-five miles. W e were a frightful looking company of men, mud from head to foot, and not n dry stitch on us. W h e n we arrived a t our destination all were tired and foot sore, and good feed and dry clothes seemed comrortable lo us af ter a week's recuperation.

W e were ordered aboard the gunboat V i c k s b ~ ~ r g , Capt. E. B. Barry, U. S. N. W e landed twenty-five miles down the coast in swampy rice fields, 11p to our waists in water, with the Filipinos firing on us, but the ships drove them back firing six-po~inders a1 them. W e found we had a large mountain to climb, so steep that it was hard for the boys, but they made it. One company advanced to the hill driving the Filipinos back and ariolher company remaining a t the foot of the hill ready for aclion. W e destroyed shacks and rifle-pits and then returned to the ship. It was late when we got to our camp, wet and hungry. The second time we landed from the gunboat Luzon was into a town called Pinanot, Samar, hnown to the men as Six Pound i l l . W e remained there two weeks, marching through the country, helping the soldiers of the 11th Infantry. Lieu-tenant Lay, U. S. M. C., was in command of this detachment. The gunboat Luzon was in command of Captain James Coggswell, U. S. I\'. W e had a hard fight here.

One night a t roll call we received orders that every man must be in readiness a t 2 o'clock the next morning for a hike over the mountains to s~ i rpr i se the i n s ~ ~ r g e n t s that re- belled in this section of the country. I t was Xew Year's morning, 1902, ten of us marines and ten soldiers, each wilh our own officers. T h e marines led the way and the soldiers followed. W e marched until the sun became hot, then halted for a rest and drank milk which we obtained from some cocoanuts. W e then proceeded on our way until we came across some rebel fishermen. W e captured them and destroyed their belongings; then we returned to our camp, arriving there about 4 o'clock, where we found a good dinner awaiting us that our cook had prepared for us. He was one of those tall Western men who knew how to

42 HlSTORY OF T H E PIONEER MARINE BATTALION

cook a meal for a crowd, as he was used to ranches. Thc dinner consisted of roast pig, potatoes, onions and gravy, coffee with milk and sugar, biscuils wil,h bulter and jam. Each man received his ration and more, i f he wautcd it. W e enjoyed our dinner as well as if it had been the best, turkey dinner a t our own homes. This kind o l dinner we didn't always have.

The army carry their commissary stores with khem and they live fairly well in the field. The marines didn't have such a variety of food as the soldiers, becauie the army transports leave the States with several months1 provisions and at Manila there is a large post exchange that supplies the enlisted men of the islands. When we relieved the soldiers at Balangiga, their commissary stores werc as-signed to our quarter-master. It was the best o l food, dnti certainly went well. W e only carry a day's ration in onr knapsacks, consisting of several hardtack, canned meat and canned beans. Sometimes we get in a scrap and have no time to eat, and when on a long march it often happens that our food gives out. This is the life of an enlisted man In time of war, with canned meat and hardtack. When we went into camp from one place lo another Lo slay thirly days or more, onr guides carried our rahons. Somclimes we got lost in the jungles. After a long r011n~l-al~o111 way we made the seacoast.

After two weeks in that section, we returned, tweiity- three in number, with soldiers arid commissary stores, to the gunboat Luzon; then proceeded to the town of Geewain, leaving the soldiers there. W e left here for our camp at the town of Balangiga. W e staid at Balangiga one weeh ~ e s t i n g , when orders came for two companies ( D and part of F ) , in command of Captain H. Rarres, U. S. M. C., and Lieutenants Carptner and Rogers, and we went to a town twenty-one miles farther up the coast called Quinpindan. Samar, and established a camp. It was a hard job, and wr will never forget it, getting ollr tents, commis5ary slortc.; rtnd ammunition up lhe river. All o u r haggage n7ar, 1)roilgltl

goods from the ships to the small boats, and then to the town, which was four miles inland. The ships could not go up, owing to shoal water, so we were obliged to row. On several occasions we were fired upon by the Filipinos, but we had our Colt gun a t the bow and marines with their rifles, hut if the Filipinos had come in large bodies they probably would have captured us. The channel was only twelve feet wide arid eight feet deep and thick woods on each side.

The first morning in camp, at 2 o'clock, our sentry was fired upon. W e were not, long in rising from sleep to rbcinforce the sentries in the trenches, and also giving the cnemy a chase, firing several shots a t them; but they had retreated. W e had several hot engagements a t this town and in the outskirts, where we found the insurgent headquarters, which were destroyed. The loss on the enemy's ssde was heavy.

Second Lieut. A. C. Rogers of Company 1-1, with a de-lachment of marines, went on a h ~ k e of four miles. Thc marines me1 the Filipinos in their stronghold and prlt up n good fight which lasted three hours. The Filipinos were loo strong for lhe marines so they retreated with the loss of one man and two wounded. Sergeant Bryan McSwiney was killed. McSwineg's body was brought into camp on s stretcher made of four 1 o ~ g poles, and was b~ir ied with 11111 military honors. Next day we went to the same place with fifty men. The enemy opened fire on us, b11t as quick as Elks we returned the fire. The enemy retreated and the marines took their headquarters and burned all the shackq, re t~~rrs inglo our camp late in the evening. That night twenty-five of the detachment went into the trenches to reinforce the guard. W e were always prepared for any emergency.

It wa:, a terrible strain on the men's eyes to be on watch at night, and the m o s q ~ ~ i t o e s made it very uncomfortable. M7e remained thirty days a t {his town. and it rained hall'

44 H I S T O R Y O F T H E P I O N E E R MARINE BATTALION

the time, and we had only three good days. After being I-eleived by Company D of the 19th Infantry, we went to our camp at Balangiga, going the same way we came, and remained several days on d r ~ t y recuperating. There was Iro marching to do, only to remain a t the camp.

W e received orders to go aboard the U. S. S. Transport Lawton when she arrived in the bay, so on February 26, 1901, we were relieved by part of Company D of the 19th Infantry, which came from the town, and went aboard the Lawton, on which we proceeded to Cavite, arriving there February 29th. W e were welcomed by a large r i~imber ol' visitors and given the best quarters in the town. W e received one month's pay and five days7 leave, from the good officer, Colonel Foney (now retired genera l ) , U. S. M. C., who was in command of the marilles ashore in lhe Philip- pine Islands.

In passing the cruiser New Yorli our ship steamed slowly hy. It made us feel b l t~e . Every man stood at attention on the deck. The crew of the New York were all assembled, the officers all amassed. They gently lowered the colors while the band began lo play a dirge, in honor of our dead comrade who had passed away.

W e remained a t Cavite from the 29th oS l%bruary, 1002, until May 30, 1902, when orders came from Washington, D. C., for all men who had been out on the islands three years to be ready to leave for the United States on the Army Transport Warren-300 marines with Major Waller i l l

command; also 600 soldiers, many of whose time had ex-pired while a t Cavite. Rev. Fr. Chadwick, chaplain, U. S. K., celebrated mass a t the Catholic church for the souls o l the ten marines who had been lost. All officers and enlisted men of the battalion were present. After mass Mr. Chad- wick preached a very good sermon and also spoke of the ten marines that were never found. May their souls rest in peace !

How nice it would be i f we could visit the graves of those who were lost and lay thereon the flag of their country, a

HISTORY OF T H E PIONEER MARINE CATTALION 45

wreath of rernembral~ce and the white rose of pl~ri ty, pro- claiming to Ihe world l h , ~ Ihere l ~ e s a vetera11 of' 1111s grant1 old Republic,. B I I ~Ihej arc r ~ o ltorgotten.

W e were quar~a~ilincd five dahs at Msrville's Slalion, blil, before we got away from Lhe ~i la i ids one of the colored soldiers died from cholera. The ship was fumigated, also l , h ~men's clothing; then they were quaranlmed a t Mar- \il lels Station for ten days, the soldiers in one place and marines in arrolher, w ~ t h a high fence around the briilding. W e were not allowed lo leave the quarters.

When our ship was ready lo sail, the me11 speut most of iheir time on the upper deck, hy day and by night, as it was too warm on the other decki. W e had beautiful wealher for three weeks olit from Manila; Lhen it grew cool and it was impossible lor the men to keep warm, after being in the tropical cou~ilry three years. It was cold and stormy d o n g the coast of' Japan, and every day brought 11s nearer to KagasaLi, Japan. W e dropped anchor at this port, and many of the men had Iher ty [here. I, for one, was 011

guard that day, so I didn'l go ashore. The Japanese women coal ship. Jt was a peculiar s ~ g h tto us to see the women with baskets passing fron. one lo another from the coal- lighler to the ship, and in a short lime several hundred tons were put 111 the coal bullhers. The Japanese men stay a1 home while the women work. After the ship was coaled, we started for the Golden Gate, San Francisco. The farther north we w e i ~ t the colder it grew. Every morning we had

I a rifle inspection and manual of arms. W e arrived a t the Golden Gate at 11.30 p. m., June 30,,

1002. A great cheering was heard on the decks when the I men saw the light-house. I went up on deck to see what

the trouble was, and I was told that we were in God's coun- 1 try, so naturally J began to yell also.

On the n ~ o r r ~ i n g of the 13th, we left the ship for the naval tug, and arrived at the Savy Yard, Mare Island, Cal. Then we went to the barracks and remained over night, and on the morning of the 14th we left for Blair Junction to take

44

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t,e m w I e P' W

46 HISTORY O F T H E P I O N E E R MARINE BATTALION

the train for Kew York. W e were escorted to the wharC hy the marines from ships and the barracks, with the iravi~l band. A large crowd of v is~ tors were In lhe Savy Yard c+lleering, waving flags and crying o ~ ~ t :"Wdllcr'i I,l3ir\.c r~~ar ines ." All lhc employes from the Ka\ y Yard wcrc Ihcrc lo greet us for work was slopped a t the shops.

Our trip across the continent was a bealitiful one. It was a seven days' ride, going through the alkali deserls, prairies, the Rocky Mountains and the large c i t ~ e s of the West . There were hearil~ful farms along the way, as level as far as the eye could see. W e stopped at several placer lor the men to eat their meals. The stations along the way were crowded with visitors who came to see u i , lor they had read a great deal about 11s. When we arrived at Wash- ington, D. C., General Hayward, head of U. S. M. C., (now a retired officer), came aboard lhe train w ~ t h vis~tiilg officers. W e arrived a t Brooklyr~ Navy Yard, J r ~ n e 20, 1002. The battalion was then in charge of a senior ofl'icer, Colonel Mead. W e remained there several days, when Ihe batla11011 separated and went to their respective barrachi. 11 was lonesome afler we had ieparated. W e had been tog el he^^ for lhree years and had some good tlmei, I'or I I ~hcllilr crowd co~ild have heen Countl than lhc Snmar I)aLlal~or~ ol'

Marines. Rev. Fr. Reameg, U. S. ii., chaplain at the Sara ltlrtl, 1

S e w York, came 111 as we were mal-ching to o l ~ r ~~~~~~~~~. He stood on a bench, and when all were seated, he w i d : I"Boys, I am glad to see you hack 111 the U n ~ t e d Slates. yo^^ I certainly had a difficult task." He with other marllles ga \e three cheers for the Samar brave Marines.

At the Charlestown Marine Barracks, Mass., 1 5 placed a Imarble tablet to the "Memory o j oiir Comrades" of Len I privates of the United States Marine Corps who I~ecame detached from lhe main body of a punitive exped~liollo f Li l ly marines iinder commarld of Cap(. D. I-'. Patel*, mCwlrrrr;: ncroqs Samar in an effort to captrrre the nirtive\ who 1nx\-~ac~rccl 01' I l ~ cthe men of Company C Ilrrnntry. So ( r n c ~ c ~

HISTORY O F THE PIONEER MARINE BATTALION 47

ten men has ever been discovered, and ~t is not known whether they were ambushed by natives or lost their way i r r the jungles and died of slarvnl~on. The l ~ o r ~ e sof those

Ile somewhere it i lhe ~n te r io r wildt>rn(~is lcn m i ~ ~ i ~ ~ ( a s or

S a n ~ a r . Rev. Ii'alhrr Chadwich, who was chaplaiii of the baltle-

ship Maine at the time of her destrrictlon i n Havana Harbor :n 1808, and who was chaplain of the crulser S e w York wheu she broughl the marlnes' lo the ~slar td of Samar in 2800, del~vered an his lor~cal address 111 which he paid hlgh t r ~ b u t e to the h e r o ~ s m of officers a r ~ d men. "Men on shore," he s a ~ d , "are proud to lhlnk that men engaged in warlare are essent~al ly hard-hearted and blood-thirsty." llis ow11 experience with lhe men In the service and those ~ 1 1civilian walks ol' life had shown him greater hatred and deeper r n h u r n n n ~ t ~ amolig lhr me11 of peace than among those of war. "It is well that we shollld honor the men who have added lustre to l o n r i~ame , " he said to the com- lmiy of' marines who slood a t a rms on the parade-ground. ' T h e author of the 'Charge ol Ihc 1,ight Rrigadr" colild Iiave had no more filtrng ~ l l~rs l ra l ion Ihan Ihc dcetls of the i r rnrn oL yorlr corpi.

John H . Clrffortl, of I-'orlsmo~llh, S. ll., past p res~drnt o l ~ h cG11an2 and Samar Campaign Associalion of' Mdrmes, autl

I chairman of the Tablet Commtltee, lold of the massacre of I

Company C of the 9th Infantry, at the town of Balangiga, Samar, 111 Septeml~er , l 9 0 I ; of lhe 250-mile chase of the 1

1 orlllaws by the marines and of the loss of ten of their com-

i mdes whose memory is perpetuated hy the tablet. Thiq tablet is placed on the front wall 01 the Marlne Barracks, facing the centre entrance, and was unvelled by Patrlck Woods and W m . E. Woods of Shelburne Falls, father and 1)rother of James Woods, one of Lhe lost marines. All o f

1 ihe nlnrines In the S a r y Yard were asscml)led, rlnder com- rrinnd of Capt. .John W. Wadleigh, in company formatinn, I'nring the tablet, a11d they presented a rms as the flags wprc cvilhtlran~n frwm thc I n l ) l ~ I ,\\hilr thr niarinc hand p la jcd


"The Star Spangled Banner." Following the unveiling, a floral wreath was presented by Mrs. Elizabeth MacKamare, Past President-General of the I,adiesl Auxiliary of Spallish W a r Veterans. 'I'lie exercises closed wilh n prayer b y 1.ather Chadwick.

The tablet bears the following inscripiion, below the device of the Marine Corps:

"This tablet is erected to the memory of the ten marines who were lost in the island of Samar, P. I., January 13, 1902, Privates James Woods, Thomas Brett, George K. Foster, Joseph Barani, Timothy Murray, Eugene Sanjule, Patrick Connell, Archer L. Bailey, Frank Brown and Morgan Bassett. They died while serving their cormtry and flag. They were faithful and fearless. Erected by the officers and men of the Samar Expedition, September 5, 1810."

A marine is infantry on land, artillery aboard ship, and is called a sea-soldier, but are used for everything, such as infantry, cavalry, arlillery, signal and engineer corps, for' jots of the latter was done in the tropics.

Colonel Waller, who was our commanding officer, and General Smith, who was in command of the American troops in the island of Samar, were bolh brave officers. They would go with their men on long marches, and were justified in doing what they did, in making it a howling wilderness, in killing the savages and destroying the towns, the homes of savage outlaws, for some of the natives were bold and were not to be trusted.

This ended one of the hardest campaigns that ever went through the Philippine Islands, or ever will. The sailors jrom the U. S. S. Luzone, the marines and a few sailors f rom the U. S. S. Vicksburg, share in the honor of putting down the insurrection, for they hiked with the marines through the jungles of Samar. The crews of the above ships were certainly very kind to the marines stationed sshore, sharing their tobacco and soap with us. Among thc

49 HISTORY O F T H E P I O K E E R MARINE GATTALION

favors %he) did 11s was one the rnarlnes m i l l remember. They combined together aud horrght of their paymaslcr $100 worth of salt water soap alid tobacco and let 11s have it, n7hicbh w a i a vcry gcnerorls act and rn1~c.h appr-ccialed I)y us, as wc had n o other \Tag- ol' gettiug soap o r tobacco cxcept from the ialor. , lor we htxl rtln ollt of money.

Names of the Men of Co. C, 9th U. S. Infantry.

ESCAPED.

Firs t Sergeant Samuel F. Whipps ; Sergeants John Car- roll and Charles H. Brown; Corporals George W. Charlam-r~eau ,Charles Samnelson, Mack T. Bates; Privates Aaron J. Burch, Marlin Caylie, Uan~e l J . Donovan, Charles J. Downey, John Gallagher, Dclberl G~bson , WaLsorl B. Hendry, Harry 11. Hill, Charles 11. Meeker, Oweu 1" O'Seil, Zlonier Stew- ard, Anderson 'I'cniple, l lerrnan Tripp.

W O U l I)ICIj AT MASSACRE.

Sergeanl i .Johl~11. 13lossom, George P. Rilarkley; Cor-poral Taylor B. l l ~ c k n i a n ; bugle^- 1,adislalls Garscia; l'ri- Lntes l l e i ~ r y Cass, C o r n e l ~ ~ ~ s I)onahue, Albert R. Keller,11'. lleriry W. Maulre, George F. Meyers, Daniel S. Mullins, h rnes t W. Ralston, John Whitof , Sylvester Burke, J ames Pickett , Arnold Irish, Mei\rn M. Walls ( cook ) , George Allen, Richard Couitdatle, ElherL B. de Griffen, Adolph Gamlin, W ~ l l i a m J . Gibbs, Charles P. Marks, Cl~fford M. Mnmhg, Samuel Allison, Wal te r J . Rerthold, Roland T. Clark, Alfred R. Davis, George TJ. Devore, John 1,. Hartley, > herman S. Kelby, Andrew C. Neilson, Thremistorcles Qula, Anthony S t ~ e r . Carl E. Swanson, Philo J. Prosser, .John S. Wolfe, John L. Covington, Patr ick J . Dobbins, Je r ry J . Driscoll. Evans Smith, Angust F. Parczeng, Christian S. Williams, Claude C. Wingo.

Report was made that the last four men named were 111lrned to death in the barracks which t he savages bnrned.


IC is probable they were either killed then, or died from wounds received in the quarters, as their bones were found in the ruins.

MEMBERS OF C COMPAKY KILLED AT BAIANGIGA.

Sergeants James M. Randler, John F. Martin, Henry J . Scharer; Corporals Frank McCormack, Leonard P. Schley, P. Peters; Cook Gustav F. Schnitzler (artificer) ; Privates Joseph R. Marr, John D. Armanilitto Armani, George Bang, Robert L. Booth, John D. Buhrer, James L. Cavin, Charles C;. Davis, Guy C. Dennis, Bryan Dent, Click Fitzgerald, Jos- cph I. Gordon, Joseph 0. Klein, Hampl Richard, Long Mar- tin, James l?. McDermott, John El. Miller, Robert Sproull. Private Charles Powers, died of wounds in boat on way to hospital. Corporal Thomas E. Baird, and Private Chris. F. Record both died a t hospital. Privates Floyd J . Shoe-maker and Harry Wright (hospital n l ~ r s e ) , missing.

OFFICERS KTLLEI).

Capt. Thomas W. Connell, U. S. A. First Lieut. Edward A. Bumpus, U. S. A. Major R. S. Griswold, Surgeon U. S. Vo111nlcer.s.

SOLDIERS AND MARINES ON FAMOTJS HIKES. The month of October, in the year of 1901, Eventful in its history for the bloodshed it had run; Soldiers and marines received orders to proceed without delay, And avenge a nation's honor in the blood that passed away.

The memory of those comrades, who in China side by side Did share our tribulation with courage and with pride, And i t was in the town of Balangiga, where those martyrs

a t their post, Were soon despatched by bolas, for there they gave up the

ghost-Brave C Company of 9th Infantry, U. S. A.

The summons for marines' services was accepted with some jov, For we meant to annihilate, to conquer, o r to die; So we proceeded on our journey, which seemed to us q u ~ t efar, To malt^ a like-long name a s herues of Samar

The hiking was terrific, a s we the mountains trod, Expecting every moment a message from our God. We divided into parties, the enemy fa r to scan, Tired, fatigued, and foot-sore almost every man.

Eut a t last we were rewarded by the prospeot of a fight, For slightly in advance of us lay the Balangiga. Height. We all prepared for action with palpitating breath, As we quickly filled our rifles with messengers of death.

A sentinel was posted, unexpecting any harm, And when he did observe us he tried to give alarm To his comrades farther distant a s they on the camp bed lay; But a well-directed bullet sent his spirit right away.

The heights were well protected with ordnance, something new; The charges the enemy used were mud, stone and iron, for the

guns were bamboo; The fuse of one was burning, a s to climb the hill we tried; But our danger was discovered and by Glynn was destroyed,

For he rushed the summit boldly, his comrades for to save, The fuse he then extracted which freed some from a grave.

Our uniforms all torn, and our shoes that once shone neat, Could scarcely keep the thorns from our much-disfigured feet. Our successful raid being over, we gradually did retire, Our progress interrupted by swampy paths and briar.

But misfortune overtook us, when victory seemed so nigh, For we lost ten faithful comrades, in that country they did die, Being detached from the main body, they wandered rnther far, For they have not been heard of-those heroes of Samar.

They did their duty faithfully, their footsteps ne'er did lag, An honor to their country, a credit to their flag, Such men a s these the Marine Corps has reason to regret,

I Their names will live in history for no better have we met.

I The campaign now being over, we proceed f a r to retreat, To rest our wearied bodies, we turn towards Cavite.

i Our work was all successful, though carried out a-far ; We anointed almost everything that was living in Samar.

v, 1

The anchor is being hoisted and our ship is underway, Bright visions now await us, our stomachs smell relief At the prospect of a sumptuous feast of good, old, frozen beef.


Visions come before h?m when leaning on his rifle, Probably to return no more away from battle's strife. He listens for a moment-a noise! i t makes him s tar t ; "Halt! Who comes there?" he cries out quick and sharp! I t was only the fluttering of a little bird in the sky. Failed to see the enemy sneaking closely by, A little walk he takes and thinks all is well; Until a bullet strikes him, and down he fell. They picked him up in day-light; lonely and sad he looked; And never again will he meet Nell a t the little running brook; Never again to see the faces he once loved so dear, I t will change the old home, for some time a little queer. They buried him with honor, and news to the home will come, How he died in protecting his country and brave deeds he done. This is the life of a sentry o r a soldier that wallis his post; To honor and shield the old flag and a t last give up the ghost.

THE HEROES OF SAMAR. No tow'ring shaft their fame records,

No minstrel sings their praise; Forgotten in a foreign land

Each form unburied lays; No solemn volley o'er them fired

By comrades in farewell, Forsaken in the forest wild

Each perished where he fell.

Some from the sunny Southland came, And some from Erin's isle,

And one a gray-haired father waits Where flow'ring prairies smile;

And many a mother's aching heart In a f a r New England home,

Longs on thro' all the silent years For the boy who does not come.

What tho' on Cuba's shore they fought On Santiago's day,

Or for the allied hosts that marched In China led the way;

Fresh laurels to their country's flag Their steadfast valor gave-

Alas! Ungrateful land that now Denies them e'en a grave.

The shattered band by famine spent, That toiled thro' glen and gorge


With bleeding feet, each bivouac made Another Valley Forge;

TJnsheltered from the tropic rain That poured in ceaseless flood,

They fell o'ercome by hunger's pangs, While leeches drank their blood.

But some survived the desperate strife, And still pressed grimly on,

The treacherous foe lurked in their rear, Each straggler seized anon.

A fate far worse than death befell The captive in their hands,

And only we their sorrows know Who've fought in savage lands.

No cannon's roar their sleep disturbs, Nor martial tumult's clang;

The jungle hides the silent forms That rest by the Lanang,

And we who with them fought and bled This poor tribute provide,

To teach a cold forgetting world How Sarnar's Heroes died.

-Sergeant Thomas F. Carney, U. S. 31. C .

Written on the unveiling of the tablet a t Marine Barracks, Navy Yard, Boston, Mass., September 5 , 1910, in memory of those who fell in the ill-fated Lanang-Easey Expedition in Samar under Major Waller, December, 1900-January. 1901.

T h e Home Life of the Filipinos.

The towns ah0111 Manila are small and there were b~ib few schools; consequently the ch~ldren 's education consists chiefly of what their parents teach them and whatever t h e ~ r bright eyes and ears take in. The children beg111 very early to help their mothers, fetching water, cleanlng pots, gathering sticks for the fire and taklng care of the bab~es . The girls mature very early, m d the l"111pinos colnsider glrls of tifteen and sixteen year? old enongh to marry, and ~t 1s not uncommon to s r e mothers who are bul fifteen Sears old. The women of lhe Phll ipp~ncs are very poor. Thc Flllpino\ do not th~nlr it necessary to a c t i ~ n l ~ ~ l a l e much money bciorc marrylng and setting up for thernielves. .2 peso (50,: i n

HLSTORY O F T H E PIONEER MARINE BATTALION 55

American money) is enough to pay the priest, and if they can secure a pig and a few chickens for the wedding feast and money enough lor drinkables (hino, a native drink, 311d t ~ b ; l ,the fermented sup o\" the (:o(:oiill~~t pa lm) , that is all they feel the need of, arid will continue llle wedding I'east, day and night, until the guests have eaten and drank everything on the place.

After a while the young couple usually build a shack ol' [,heir own a few yards from the home of their parents, the style depending upon the materials a t hand and the tribal customs. This shack is usually made b y lashing round poles together with rattan, the roof being that,ched with grass and with the leaves o l the nipa p la r~ t or palm leaves. 'rha corner posts of the house are first sunk into the ground; then lhe roof is lil'led upoil then1 and lashed in place with long strips of r~i t~i l l l . The beams for the floor are now fastened in the same way to the corner posts, and the floor laid of strips of palmwood. The floor of the building is always placed from two to six feet above the ground, on account of the tremendous rains. Aft,er all this has been done, the walls of t,he h o ~ ~ s e are covered like the roof, and [,he house is finished.

There is rarely a n y f ~ ~ r r i i l ~ ~ r c ,exc.ept possibly a b e ~ 1 ~ 1 1 heside the window. The Filipinos usually sit, o r squat, on fhe floor, and some have no bedsteads, hut sleep on mats (311 the floor., using a pillow, and covering themselves with a cottoil blanket, and they seem to be happy.

The kitchen utensils are composed of two or three earth- ern pots, a couple of iron spoons and a few cheap earthen- ware plates, a few tin cans and an assortment of bowls and other containers made of bamboo and cocoanlil, shells.

The young housewife rises at the very break of day. She kindles a fire on the hearth (made of a box of earth and t,hree stones to support t h e po t ) . After kindling the fire she goes out to thresh the rice for brealifast. T h e mortar in which she does th i s is made by cuft'ing a hole about the size of an ordinary pot in a harcl\vood lng. She p o ~ ~ n d s the

56 IiISTO13y O F THE PIONEER MARINE BATTALION

I ice with a heavy peslle (which i5 1,111a wooden beam about four feet long) , after which she hourices 11about In a round, rather flat, tray of basket-work, in order to Cree 11 of chaff. The rlce, when cooked, comes 0111 whole and nearly dry. This, with a bit of fish, or some other meal, completes lhe meal. 'The dinner and suppcai. are the same as the break- fasl, with the poss~blc add~licrn of sweet potatoes and some kind of fruit. They do 1101u w knives or lorks, bul take their food in t h e ~ r fingers. After breaklasl the husband goes off to work, i f he ieeli like r t , or hangs around some ranch and talk? rooster-fighL~ng-and the w ~ f e b u s ~ e s her- self at various tasks, such a i weaving mats of brlghlly dyed strlps of palm leaves, or weaving hilts ol varloris fibres. This work is done e ~ ~ l ~ r c l > l q Imitl, arid done xery well. The wornen also weave a t i r~e hemp-cloth c ~ r r the simplest of hand-looms. The thread ~ r :t.f)lained by tying, end lo end, the fibres of hemp-a inoil tedlou> process. The cloth t h ~ i s made serve- i o r llic x\ornen's waists arrd the men's s h ~ r t s . Thls clol l is <i~iT, I I I I L durable. In some localilies the wornell mahe I.)> a s~rn~lclrprocess a very i~eau t i f i~ lcloth from Ilie fibre of pineapple leave\. 'J'be wife has her lillle clieil ol clothei, and Ihe husband a wlille dress-suit for specla1 occasions. Arou11d lhe house the women wear but lwo garmerils-a. ca l~co skirt and a short cotton shirt. When they go o r ~ t they add the hempcloih waist, which is very full, and hardly lo l r ch~s the body at all, and a large kerchief about the neck. They rarely wear a petticoat, but they have ano t l~ r r ga rme l~ t , called the tapis, which is characteristic. This garment 1s merely a piece of black cloth, usually plain, b111 sometimes embroidered, about one and one-half jrards square, one edge oi which is passed aboui Ihe w a ~ i t anit lhe corner lucked under to hold it, that is all. This is probably a relic of the savage loin cloth, but is worn outsi(le Ihc s k r t . It IS apparently going out of style, as it is rarely becrl in Ihe low~is except among the poor folks. The Filipino women never wear hats, but when they go out they throw a cloth over their heads. Shoes

57 i-IISTORY O F T H E P I O N E E R MARINE BATTALION


ernment itself, and a strong prejudice developed against these priests, who in reality did what they could without funds to a d and edncate the Filipinos. With from 8,000 to 60,000 souls in a parish, and with the dlocesa~i f l ~ n d s prohibited by the government, i t is not surprising to learn that the people in the remote districts grew lax in religious practises and where easily led into schemes when Aguinaldo and his insurrectionists arose. The friars were attacked and forced to leave the islands; then the United States obtained the Philippines, and a new regime began. Since 1898 the five dioces have been doubled in number. In Bishop Dougherty's diocese alone thirty priests from hlill Hill Seminary, England, have taken forty-five parishes.

A leper hospital has been built, and when an appeal waq made asking if any two Jesuits in the isiands would be willing to go to work in the leper colony, every Jesuit of- fered. There were 2900 lepers in the colony, and they have their own town, elect their own town off~cers arid conduct it respectable municipality. S u n s who were expelled from France have take11 up the work in the hospital, heroically serving the suffering, repulsive victims of leproiy, which i b

equal to a living death. Young me11 and women of religious ortltlrs xac.rifice their lives lo care for lhosc poor icpcrs.

Battalion of Marines in Samar.

Major L. T. Waller in command.

COMPANY C.

Captain R. H. Dunlap. First Lieutenant A. S. Williams. Lieutenant Adjutant John Day. Second Lieutenant J. P . V. Gridley. Surgeon Dr. Lung, U. S. N. First Sergeant James Murphy. Quartermaster Sergeant Johnson. Sergeants James Rell, Charles F. Tirrcll, .Jacob Weid-

mann, Henry Slater.

d Swift, John H. Carrol. ii Trumpeter Russell S. Garland. I

/I Privates Fred Adams, Wi!liam 11. Ashton, Marcus LaF. ' I Barker, l l a r r i so~i I). Bnye:., Frank Brandl, .James P. Bren-nan, Harry 1,. Buehler, John I?. Gatey, Julius Cafoir, Edward B. Clark, Richard ,I. Cody, Jeremiah Crowley, Fred S. Cutler, Edward Davis, Floyd Earl, John Erno, John J. Farrell, Jehu P. Fllzgerald, Harry Foster, William Gately, Randolph W . Grant, ]Tarry A. Hain, James A. Hoffman, John D. Hood, George Hunt, Charles IT. Jobin, James J . Kelleher, Omer J. Kresge, William J. Lonquet, Oscar .I. E. Lonquist, Sol M. Litzmer, Georgc Lynch', Daniel J. ma hone^\, Wade 11. Mas- sey, Frederick Morrison, Morgan McXllister, Teni: Mc-Burney, William J. McCanless, Michael J . McDonugh, Augustus J. McFalls, James H. McGlone, John McKane, William E. Kauscawen, Alfred E. Norton, John R. Parkin- ?on, Howard L. Rahn, Harry M. Iiagmond, Fred M. Read, James Rice, l lenry A. Rickers, lf'rederick W. Rriehl, Homer .I. Rl~rscl l , J111ius Sanfanandre, Robert W. Sharp, William 1'. Slency, John W. Stuart, John J . Sullivan, Stanley S. rlleass, Ilavid A. Tenney, George Thompson, John Thomp- sari, lfenry W. 'l1oI)in, John If. Walson, Edward A. WhiLc, 1511gcnc Sllggcr.

COMPASY I).

Captain Hiram 1. Bearss. First L i e u t e n a ~ ~ t C. C. Carpenter. First Lieutenant Bootes. First Sergeant John S. IApscomh.

\'

Sergeants John MrCsffery, Bryan McSwiney. Corporals Joseph J . Murphy, Robert L. Leckie. Trumpeter Joshua Jones. Privates George H. Ames, Roy W. Real, Charles W.

Black, Walter S. Black, Cornelius 11. Brown, John Rreen. Ilonald Cain, John N. Case, John V. Culleton, Oscar I,. Davis, George Davis, Joseph Durgin, Eugene Demozzi, Fred-

1

60 HISTOCY O F T H E P I O N E E R MARINE BATTALION

erick Ernest, Frank Everly, Eugene Farrell, Reuboii B. Franklin, Michael Pitzgerald, Henry Forry, John G. Gautz, Charles G. Grolz, Franklin Green, Janies W. I-leckler, Charles Hunt, Michael l-losly, William llarliills, ~UTred Jell- liins, J ames Jennmgs, Oliver 1,. Kerkendall, CVllllant KII- mer, Edward Kloman, Charles J . King, X r t h ~ t r LaHar, Vred P. Lamb, Aubrey Lomas, Anton Lutz, Eugene C. M a r t ~ n , Clarence E. Mathias, John McAvay, Fraric.~s ,McCarth), Modock McKeime, Wal te r McKay, Isaac R/liller, Beverly ,I. Moore, Albert X. Sev~ l l e , John J . Koon, .Jacol) LeR. Paw- ling, Thomas F. Pendergast, '\'ernon Propes, Michael Quin- lan, Michael Quinlao, \ iV~ll~am lleinhold, ,Jeremiah R~edy , George W . Roberts, Willlam Rosi , \Villram Slat Lery, ,JarIi 11. Stanton, William M. Stexens, S a m i ~ e l K. Stower, John .I. Sullivan, Edgar H. T~ng ley , George I,. T r ~ p p e l , Benjamin I?. Tywell, Edward 1,. Wagner , Elmer I?. Whitciel l .

COMPASY 11.

Captain Arthur ,J. Matthew,. lcirst t,~euLer~arit\ llarrb7 R.Lay, W1111arn (:. I l ~ ~ r l l ~ ~ . Second TJieutenanl 41isl1ii C. Roger\. Asst. Surgeon J. 11. Brliler. First Se rgea~ l t Alexander J . I7oley. Gu~inery Sergearil John ILoffman. Sergeant John W . Mcllonald. Corporals Geoffrey 14'. B r ~ n n a ~ r , Char-lei~ \ r n o iC. A r s c ~ ~ ~ o ,

lil. Hughes, Charles K. Bareliman. D r ~ i m m e r Quinton 1,. H I I ~ C ~ ~ I I I S O I ~ . Privates Ludwig C. Albert, Menter 7'. Anderson, Jarnci E.

Askin, Morgan Basset. Joseph M. Bgrnei, Roscoe B~lck , Gustav Bueltner, Thomas Burke, John ,I.Browning, Lock-ette A. Bailey, Louis A. Boschen, Tle~iry I<. Bowman, P r a ~ l c i i F. Brown, .Johu Briilen, . \ l f r ~ t l B. C o l l ~ ~ l i ,Ilerhcrt 13. Carlet,, J a m e ~E. Coughl~n , I 'alr~cli ,I. Col r~~el l ,I,awrc~ic.c Crow, Thomas ,J. Curtis, Jehu I I . C l lemel~t~ ,M~cl-lac1 (llanc), Patrick Connor, Warren 17. I ) c~ i e r , Rodrricli r~ r imor ld , J ames Ihgarty. George F. I + r ~ i e , Pnlricl, \IT. (;[111l'o>le,

HISTORY O F THE PIONEER hlARlNR CAZTT..\TJON 61

H a r r y Glenn, S t a n l s l a i ~ i Goodman, Wil l iam 1'. Cinrvin, J o h n W. Gray, Char les R. Groom, 13tlwarcl C. (;reell, Wi l l i am George, F rank P. l l aas , W ~ l l i a mJ. l la i ln inghan, Ashes lIarCleg, J a m e s E. G. I lardy, Joh11 17. Heidleb'tch, F r e d G. Hanks , Wi l l i am E. Tlill, J o h n 11. Killron, Char les A. Le i tne r , Char les Leppo, Al ig~ l s t A. Miller, J o e F1. Moore, T i m o t h y Murray, J a m e s McJ)owell, F rank 1). P e a s e , J a i n r s P. Quirh , J a m e s L. Russel l , Alber t IZeich, ClifYord R o b ~ e , George T. Sess ions , Wi l l l am C. Spence r , Goorgc TI:. S h d c , J o h l ~ \V. Stevenson, William 11. S a n ~ m o ~ ~ s , 1,011is Sl ikel , W i l l i a m 1,. S m i t h , F ranc i s I. 'l'aggarl, Char les 1.'. l 'aggnrl , l l en ry 7'. ' F r ~ ~ l s o n ,Alexander C. W ~ s l ,Ilellry Wcs ley , Jilillei \Vood<.

List of Officers and Men Stationed at Camp Connell,

Balangiga, Samar, P. I., From October, 1901,

to 1902.

COMIIAYY 17.

Capla111 David L). Po r t e r . Iqirst I , l e ~ ~ l e i ~ a r r t Alexander 8. \TJ1111anii. S c c o ~ i d Lieu Lena111 F r a n k I Ial ford. Fi rs t Sergeall l J o h n Grogall. C r ~ ~ n n e r gSergcan 1 J o h n TI. (2111rh. Qi l a r t e rma i t c r S e r g e a n t ?tIihc Q~iillarr. Sc rgean l s Ellgene ,I . I)oolr\ , Jar-nci I,. C ~ ~ l l e l o l l . 12ohert

1T11ntington. 13'.Corpora l i ,Joicph Al)dill, I"rccl .\. OnlbaliL. .John I I .

5e1~011,F l ~ ~ g ol isa l i ie , Cliarlci G. Swarlit711. S i ~ l l o i ~ ,D r i ~ m m e r s George 1%'. J o h ~11. Tb c r \ .

Pr ivates Char les 11'. A\ l l c i~ ,I'ranL Allen, J o s e p h Baroni , . io ieph T. Baslo\v, _\I irhacl l3riltl>. 'I'honi:ls Rrc l l , Gcorge Tirinrlley, l b d e r i c l i ,l. Broobs , ,John Cnn?pl,cll. 'I'honiaq F. Chrney. IV~l l inrn R. C a ~ ~ l m a n , J o h n TT. Cl i f fo l~l , ,Inme.; Cooper, P a i r i r k Conlry , Clark core^\, l'rnnk I). C reamer . Thoma. F. Ciinnif'f, J a m e s Doyle, Wi l l i am I)owli i~g. .Jnmc$ Egan , G ~ i s t a v R . '4. E n d r r - , .Janic+ I~nr rc l l , T h o n ~ n s I"i~\in.

Mete, William E. Morris, William 0 . MacDaniel, James McCoy, Robert Mcn'ally, John T. Iqeiderer, Thomas OINeill, Michael J. OIBrien, Harry Osborn, Walter Patterson, Thomas M. Purcell, Charles Reynolds, Joseph P. Reagan, Turk Ross, Lawrence Ryan, Louis Scliramm, Charles Seitz, Eugene Sanjule, Bennett G. Smith, Walter D. Smith, Thomas Stanton, Timothy Sullivan, James M. Sngden, Everett E. Snell, Thomas 82. Whalen, Iqrancis Williams, Frank Wegman, James Campbell, Je re Sullivan, Patrick O'Donnell, Kapoleon Lehlanc, David Crockett.

history of the pioneer marine battalion at guam, l.i...

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