History of TransportationHistory of TransportationBefore the year 1750Before the year 1750

How it all began…How it all began…- 3500 years before christ (BC): 3500 years before christ (BC): The invention of the wheel The invention of the wheel

- 2000: BC 2000: BC Horses are domesticated Horses are domesticated and used for transportationand used for transportation

- 181-234: The wheelbarrow is invented181-234: The wheelbarrow is invented

- 770: Iron horseshoes improve 770: Iron horseshoes improve transportation by horsetransportation by horse

- 1662: Blaise Pascal 1662: Blaise Pascal invents the first invents the first public bus - horse- public bus - horse- drawn, regular route, drawn, regular route, schedule, and fare schedule, and fare systemsystem

- 1740    Jacques de 1740    Jacques de Vaucanson Vaucanson demonstrates his demonstrates his clockwork powered clockwork powered carriagecarriage

Who used which transport?Who used which transport?

Imagine of the firstImagine of the first wind-driven carwind-driven car

Rich peopleRich people Poor peoplePoor people

Carriage with horsesCarriage with horses Carriage with bullockCarriage with bullock

Comfotable carriage with good Comfotable carriage with good seatsseats

Uncomfortable carriaga with hard Uncomfortable carriaga with hard seats and bad equipmentseats and bad equipment

Could used new inventions Could used new inventions Often walkOften walk

How did people go to work? How did people go to work?

- often lived in the near of the work- often lived in the near of the work - walk to work- walk to work

- very rich people get with the carriage to very rich people get with the carriage to workwork

How did they travel? How did they travel? Not everybody could afford to travelNot everybody could afford to travel

they travel with carriages, they travel with carriages, with very bad comfortwith very bad comfort carriages had no carriages had no suspensionsuspension

need much time, because of slowly transportneed much time, because of slowly transport very bad traffic-routesvery bad traffic-routes

How often and why did they travel? How often and why did they travel?

they travel rare, because of the high coststhey travel rare, because of the high costs

They don´t travel for fun, but to search a They don´t travel for fun, but to search a jobjob

some worked for a time for people with some worked for a time for people with carriages, to travel with them carriages, to travel with them

Shipping and TradeShipping and Trade One of the most important One of the most important

means of transport in 1750 means of transport in 1750 was shippingwas shipping

In 1750 shipping were mostly In 1750 shipping were mostly used for trading, merchants used for trading, merchants were able to export goods to were able to export goods to other continents.other continents.

The ships in 1750 were not The ships in 1750 were not constructed to take people and constructed to take people and people couldn´t afford it to go people couldn´t afford it to go by ship, so the seaways were by ship, so the seaways were mainly used by merchantsmainly used by merchants

Shipping and TradeShipping and Trade People could get goods People could get goods

from far away countries from far away countries and a bigger spectrum of and a bigger spectrum of commodities were commodities were buyable buyable

sugar, tea and many sugar, tea and many other luxery goods were other luxery goods were available nowavailable now

Material prosperity were Material prosperity were established in big parts of established in big parts of the populationthe population

Shipping and TradeShipping and Trade An important way to trade was the An important way to trade was the

„triangula trade“„triangula trade“ Triangula trade ment the trade between Triangula trade ment the trade between

three trade partners, in this example three trade partners, in this example Africa, America and Europe.Africa, America and Europe.

Manufactual goods from Europe were Manufactual goods from Europe were exported to Africaexported to Africa

From Africa slaves were brought to the From Africa slaves were brought to the Caribbean (and from there to Nothern Caribbean (and from there to Nothern America)America)

In the Caribbean merchants got for In the Caribbean merchants got for example sugar and rum for european example sugar and rum for european consumersconsumers

Every trade partner took advantage of the Every trade partner took advantage of the trade because every trader got goods trade because every trader got goods which were not available on the local which were not available on the local marketmarket

In this time slaves were goods for western In this time slaves were goods for western merchants, they used to do jobs which the merchants, they used to do jobs which the local population didn´t like to dolocal population didn´t like to do

The Steam EngineThe Steam EngineThomas Savery (1650-1715) Thomas Savery (1650-1715) English inventor& engineerEnglish inventor& engineerhad to solve a problem:had to solve a problem:When the miners digged very deep into the When the miners digged very deep into the

ground the ground water flowed into the ground the ground water flowed into the mine.mine.

The first Steam EngineThe first Steam Engine Savery invented a machine Savery invented a machine

which raises water by the which raises water by the help of the power of steam:help of the power of steam:

A fire boil waterA fire boil water The steam spread and The steam spread and

blows into the bowl where blows into the bowl where the water is.the water is.

The water goes upwards.The water goes upwards. The valve closes.The valve closes.

Miner‘s friend Miner‘s friend The steam condenses and creates a The steam condenses and creates a

vacuum. vacuum. This vacuum sucks new water on which is This vacuum sucks new water on which is

pumped out of the coal mine like explained pumped out of the coal mine like explained before. before.

Savery called his invention Miner‘s Friend Savery called his invention Miner‘s Friend and patented it 1698 for the next 14 years.and patented it 1698 for the next 14 years.

Improvement of the Steam EngineImprovement of the Steam Engine

The problem of Savery‘ s machine was The problem of Savery‘ s machine was that it only could transport water 12 that it only could transport water 12 metres high becaus the pressure of the metres high becaus the pressure of the steam is limited.steam is limited.

Thomas Newcomen (1663-1729) Thomas Newcomen (1663-1729) improved the steam engine. improved the steam engine.

Newcomen Steam EngineNewcomen Steam EngineThis engine could transport water higher This engine could transport water higher

because it uses the power of atmospheric because it uses the power of atmospheric pressure and is so not limited.pressure and is so not limited.

1712 Newcomen and John Calley built the 1712 Newcomen and John Calley built the first steam engine to pump water out of a first steam engine to pump water out of a water-filled coal mine.water-filled coal mine.

This was a very interesting and useful This was a very interesting and useful invention for this time.invention for this time.

Newcomen Steam engineNewcomen Steam engine

Blue: waterBlue: water Pink: steam Pink: steam Green: valve openGreen: valve open Red: valve closed Red: valve closed

You might ask yourself:You might ask yourself: What is the use of the steam What is the use of the steam

engine… engine… ……for the history of transportation?for the history of transportation?

Connection of the steam engine & Connection of the steam engine & the history of transportationthe history of transportation

Later inventors used Later inventors used the steam engine to the steam engine to develop develop

the steam- diesel- the steam- diesel- engine engine

which was used to which was used to power a locomotive power a locomotive