history of transylvania hungarians first stop was in transylvania the “gyula” vs. st. steven
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HISTORY OF TRANSYLVANIA
• Hungarians first stop was in Transylvania
• The “gyula” vs. St. Steven
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About the origin of the Székelys
• Descendants of the in the 11th century from Hungary resettled people
• Descendants of Attila’s Huns
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Transylvania in the medieval Hungarian Kingdom
• After the Mongol Invasion
• Voivodes (vajdák) as the lord of the territory
• By the end of the 13th century the royal county structure disintegrated
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Székelys
• Similar to the nobility
• The „seats” (székek): Udvarhely, Maros, Csík, Aranyos, Sepsi, Kézdi, Orbai
• Saxon (szász) and Romanian seats
• The diets at Thorenburg (Torda)
• The Ottoman threat
• János Hunyadi
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The establishing of the Principality of Transylvania
• The Ottomans and the Habsburgs
• John Szapolyai (Szapolyai János) vs. Habsburg Ferdinand
• The three parts of Hungary
• Transylvania as a political entity– the Unions of the Three Estates (1437, 1459)– the Diet of Torda (1542): John Sigismund
(János Zsigmond) was elected Prince
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• Szapolyai
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• Stephen Báthori 1571-1586
• Reformation and Religious freedom
• Stephen Bocskai 1604-1606
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• Gábor Bethlen vs. Habsburgs
• He was elected King of Hungary in 1620
• Immigration of Vlachs (Romans)
• Transylvanian Renaissance
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The Principality of Transylvania 1683-1790
• Imre Thököly • The peace of Karlóca • The Kuruc Rebellion • The changing of the
ethnic balance
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The Principality of Transylvania 1790-1867
• Nationalism and liberalism • Transylvania’s population in 1841 • Total: 2.14 million inhabitants
– 1.29 million Romanians, – 606.000 Hungarians, – 214.000 Germans, – 19.900 Gypsies, – 9.100 Armenians (örmények), – 3.155 Jews
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• Backward agriculture and economy
• The events of 1848
• The Austro-Hungarian Compromise (kiegyezés) (1867) → Transylvania lost her political autonomy
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Transylvania as a part of the Hungarian Kingdom (1867-1920)
• Magyarization → passivism
• World War I
• On November 11th 1918, Emperor Karl I. abdicated
• The Peace of Trianon
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