HISTORY OF TURKEYHISTORY OF TURKEY

TURKEYTURKEYSome of the most detailed subjects of Some of the most detailed subjects of nations pertain to its’ traditions, nations pertain to its’ traditions, customs and habits. As the cradle of customs and habits. As the cradle of various cultures for centuries, Turkey various cultures for centuries, Turkey exhibits a colorful array of traditions, exhibits a colorful array of traditions, customs. So…customs. So… Turkey… A true paradise of Turkey… A true paradise of sun, seas, mountains and lakes where sun, seas, mountains and lakes where two continents meet…two continents meet…

Nearly twenty remarkable civilizations, Nearly twenty remarkable civilizations, including the Hattians, Hittites, including the Hattians, Hittites, Phrygians, Urartians, Lycians, Lydians, Phrygians, Urartians, Lycians, Lydians, Ionians, Persians, Greeks, Romans, Ionians, Persians, Greeks, Romans, Byzantines, Seljuks, and Ottomans have Byzantines, Seljuks, and Ottomans have made important contributions to the made important contributions to the history of Turkey.history of Turkey.

Ancient sites and ruins Ancient sites and ruins scattered throughout the scattered throughout the country provide evidence of country provide evidence of each people’s unique each people’s unique contribution to the mosaic of contribution to the mosaic of culture, traditions, which culture, traditions, which once were present here. once were present here.

A different way of life, Harran Eastern A different way of life, Harran Eastern Turkey Turkey

Nemrut Mountain was discovered in Nemrut Mountain was discovered in 1881, ...1881, ...

SUMMER AND AUTMN N A T I O N A L   H SUMMER AND AUTMN N A T I O N A L   H O L I D A Y SO L I D A Y S1. August 30th - Victory Day (Final round of 1. August 30th - Victory Day (Final round of invading forces in 1922) invading forces in 1922) 2.September 15th School opening Day2.September 15th School opening Day3. October 29th - Republic Day (Declaration of 3. October 29th - Republic Day (Declaration of the Turkish Republic - 1923)the Turkish Republic - 1923) There are two religious holidays:There are two religious holidays:RAMAZAN BAYRAMIRAMAZAN BAYRAMI and andthe second one is the second one is KURBAN BAYRAMIKURBAN BAYRAMI. (Holiday . (Holiday means in Turkish: Bayram)means in Turkish: Bayram)

September 13th school Opening Day(Welcome Week)September 13th school Opening Day(Welcome Week) Traditionally on September,it is the opening of the Traditionally on September,it is the opening of the school year. In this day children in Turkey sing songs school year. In this day children in Turkey sing songs about the coming school year, celebrating reading, about the coming school year, celebrating reading, writing, and arithmetic. It is the first day of the writing, and arithmetic. It is the first day of the school year, everybody coming school by their school year, everybody coming school by their families and listening songs, students perform some families and listening songs, students perform some dances.dances.

It is the first day of the school year, everybody coming school It is the first day of the school year, everybody coming school by their families and listening songs, students perform some by their families and listening songs, students perform some dancesdances..

October 29th - Republic Day (Declaration of the Turkish Republic October 29th - Republic Day (Declaration of the Turkish Republic - 1923)- 1923)On October 29, 1923, the Turkish constitution was amended and On October 29, 1923, the Turkish constitution was amended and Turkey became a republic. This formally declared the dissolution Turkey became a republic. This formally declared the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire. Republic Day (Cumhuriyet Bayram) is of the Ottoman Empire. Republic Day (Cumhuriyet Bayram) is celebrated throughout Turkey every year. Commemorative celebrated throughout Turkey every year. Commemorative events usually begin in the afternoon on the previous day.events usually begin in the afternoon on the previous day.

November 24 Teacher’s DayNovember 24 Teacher’s DayTeacher appreciation is a feeling expressed worldwide, because Teacher appreciation is a feeling expressed worldwide, because teachers are that special part of the community helping us all to teachers are that special part of the community helping us all to grow up and be better citizens. November 24 is Teacher's Day in grow up and be better citizens. November 24 is Teacher's Day in Turkey. It was dedicated to teachers by Kemal Ataturk. Ataturk Turkey. It was dedicated to teachers by Kemal Ataturk. Ataturk thought and stated that new generation will be created by thought and stated that new generation will be created by teachersteachers

This holiday allows students to This holiday allows students to express their respect to their express their respect to their teacher. Students begin preparing teacher. Students begin preparing a week in advance, and many a week in advance, and many classes usually prepare literature classes usually prepare literature and art to welcome teacher’s day, and art to welcome teacher’s day, while other student prepare foods while other student prepare foods and flowers for the parties held at and flowers for the parties held at their schools. Students usually visit their schools. Students usually visit their teachers at their homes to their teachers at their homes to offer flowers and small gifts, or offer flowers and small gifts, or organize trips with their teachers organize trips with their teachers and classmates. Former students and classmates. Former students also pay respect to their former also pay respect to their former teachers on this day.teachers on this day.

RAMADAN (we call RAMAZAN) Holiday RAMADAN (we call RAMAZAN) Holiday (Holiday means in Turkish: Bayram)(Holiday means in Turkish: Bayram)Ramadan is an important time of year for all the Muslims all over Ramadan is an important time of year for all the Muslims all over the world. Durring Ramadan, muslims everywhere fast each day the world. Durring Ramadan, muslims everywhere fast each day between sunrise and sunset. Togther, they go without food or between sunrise and sunset. Togther, they go without food or drink. The ramadan last for about four weeks. It is a way for drink. The ramadan last for about four weeks. It is a way for Muslims everywhere to honor and obey God.Muslims everywhere to honor and obey God.

Iftar tents, set up through Iftar tents, set up through the collaborative efforts of the collaborative efforts of municipalities, charitable municipalities, charitable institutions and individual institutions and individual donors, are filled every donors, are filled every evening during the holy evening during the holy month of Ramadan with month of Ramadan with thousands of visitors who thousands of visitors who break their fast with break their fast with delicious, free meals.delicious, free meals.

They share not only a warm They share not only a warm meal but also feelings of meal but also feelings of community, togetherness, community, togetherness, charity and brotherhood. charity and brotherhood.

Traditionally candies as Turkish delights which call lokum or Traditionally candies as Turkish delights which call lokum or chocolates and simple, inexpensive presents mostly given to the chocolates and simple, inexpensive presents mostly given to the children. The RAMAZAN BAYRAMI celebrations last four days in children. The RAMAZAN BAYRAMI celebrations last four days in Turkey. Turkey.

Three-day holiday when families visit close relatives and Three-day holiday when families visit close relatives and friends, and many sweets are eaten to celebrate the end of the friends, and many sweets are eaten to celebrate the end of the month of fasting (Ramadan).month of fasting (Ramadan).

You'll see the tradition practiced a lot by children with adults, You'll see the tradition practiced a lot by children with adults, especially at bayram (holiday) time... when the kids come to especially at bayram (holiday) time... when the kids come to pay their respects -- and to collect candy or your spare-change pay their respects -- and to collect candy or your spare-change money or both. But it's also a great thing for a son-in-law (or money or both. But it's also a great thing for a son-in-law (or daughter-in-law) to do when greeting parents-in-law after a daughter-in-law) to do when greeting parents-in-law after a long separation from them. It's a very endearing act. Mothers-long separation from them. It's a very endearing act. Mothers-in-law, especially, melt when younger people do this...in-law, especially, melt when younger people do this...

In this month our In this month our students donate a lot students donate a lot of boxes of foods who of boxes of foods who are in needs.are in needs.

Kurban BayramKurban Bayram

Kurban Bayram is the most important religious and secular Kurban Bayram is the most important religious and secular holiday of the year. Kurban means 'sacrifice' in Turkish. holiday of the year. Kurban means 'sacrifice' in Turkish. Kurban Bayrami comes during the happy season of the Kurban Bayrami comes during the happy season of the pilgrimage (HAC, in Turkish) period, to thank ALLAH (God) for pilgrimage (HAC, in Turkish) period, to thank ALLAH (God) for sending a ram for Prophet Hz.Ibrahim (Abraham) to slaughter sending a ram for Prophet Hz.Ibrahim (Abraham) to slaughter instead of his son Ismail (Ishmael). instead of his son Ismail (Ishmael).

KURBAN BAYRAMI is an important KURBAN BAYRAMI is an important affirmation of one of the key tenets of affirmation of one of the key tenets of ISLAM, shared social responsibility. ISLAM, shared social responsibility. Families who can afford to sacrifice an Families who can afford to sacrifice an animal... this can be mostly a ram or animal... this can be mostly a ram or goat, will do so and there is a complex goat, will do so and there is a complex code stipulating how the carcass should code stipulating how the carcass should be distributed amongst friends, family be distributed amongst friends, family and charitable concerns.and charitable concerns.

Four-day festival when families come Four-day festival when families come together for reunions and sheep are together for reunions and sheep are sacrificed. The meat is shared with the sacrificed. The meat is shared with the poor and neighbors.poor and neighbors.

The meat from the sacrificed animal The meat from the sacrificed animal is divided into three parts; one for is divided into three parts; one for the poor, one for the neighbors and the poor, one for the neighbors and relatives and the last is for the relatives and the last is for the family.family.

People also began to go outside to public gatherings to celebrate People also began to go outside to public gatherings to celebrate the new year with fireworks. In big cities some of the companies the new year with fireworks. In big cities some of the companies build giant TV screens at the city's circles so people can watch build giant TV screens at the city's circles so people can watch what is happening at the other gatherings in the world. . People what is happening at the other gatherings in the world. . People start sending greeting cards for the coming of the new year from start sending greeting cards for the coming of the new year from a few weeks before. Some people send greetings by telephone a few weeks before. Some people send greetings by telephone only. Buying small gifts for family and friends is also becoming only. Buying small gifts for family and friends is also becoming common.common.

Other than that the most of the people get together in their Other than that the most of the people get together in their homes and have whole family a wonderful dinner, the dinner homes and have whole family a wonderful dinner, the dinner that specially prepared with many kind of delicious dishes and that specially prepared with many kind of delicious dishes and deserts on the table. They enjoy listen music, dance, play fun deserts on the table. They enjoy listen music, dance, play fun games and watch special New Year shows on TV. All TV games and watch special New Year shows on TV. All TV channels air programs with special artists' performances. channels air programs with special artists' performances. Meanwhile, nowadays, young people mostly goes out to night Meanwhile, nowadays, young people mostly goes out to night clubs and musical shows.clubs and musical shows.

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