history of u.s. table tennis - vol. vi: 1970-1973

7/23/2019 History of U.S. Table Tennis - Vol. VI: 1970-1973

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Khstmry P._.

Zbli` Z`ffhs

’Zk` \`sure`ft X`brs> ‛emhfe tm tk` Umrij‘s amr tk` ahrst thg` hs...ihc` b ahrst

rmgbfo`, s``hfe ’_pbo` Mjyss`y,‗ Smr kbvhfeW...b r`ihehmus r`v`ibthmf.‘‗

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Qmi. QH> 2854-285?

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Hft`ft bt tk` _brbn`vm Umrij‘s>

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P._. Z`bg Obptbhf Lml Cbghfscy, P._. Umg`f‘s Ombok Nboc Kmwbrj,

P_ZZB Tr`shj`ft Zhg Lmeebf bfj khs wha` _biiy. ©Ompyrhekt <441



ZHG LMEEBF

Zhg Lmeebf hs b amrg`r Hft`rfbthmfbi Zbli`

Z`ffhs A`j`rbthmf Qho`-Tr`shj`ft, bfj b amrg`r tkr``-t`rg Tr`shj`ft ma tk` Pfht`j _tbt`s Zbli` Z`ffhs

Bssmohbthmf (fmw P_B Zbli` Z`ffhs).Amr 2: y`brs k` s`rv`j bs @jhtmr ma tk` Fbthmfbi

Tulihobthmf, bfj hs tk` butkmr ma Uhffhfe Zbli` Z`ffhs

(2851) bfj Qmiug`s H (<444), HH (<44?), HHH (<44:), HQ

(<440) bfj Q (<440) ma tkhs guith-vmiug Khstmry ma

P._. Zbli` Z`ffhs. Amr mv`r ?4 y`brs k` tbuekt @feihskbt Imfe Hsibfj Pfhv`rshty hf Lrmmciyf, bfj shfo` 2810kbs l``f b prmjhehmus wrht`r amr tk` _pmrt. Kbvhfer`thr`j armg t`bokhfe, k` hs ourr`ftiy tk` P_B Zbli`Z ffhs Khstmrhbf, bs wìi bs tk` Bssmohbthmf‘s _òr`tbry.

K` kbs rò`hv`j tk` HZZA Mrj`r ma G`rht

Bwbrj, tk` P_ZZB Lbrfb Bwbrj, bfj wbs hfjuot`j hftmtk` P_ZZB Kbii ma Abg` hf 28;0. K` kbs l``f mf tk`Kbii‘s Lmbrj ma Jhròtmrs shfo` 2858.

K` wbs b g`gl`r ma tk` 2852 P._. ’Thfe-TmfeJhpimgboy‗ Z`bg tm Okhfb, bfj shfo` tk`f kbs btt`fj`j,

bs maahohbi bfj/mr nmurfbihst, bigmst <4 UmrijOkbgphmfskhps. Hf 2850 k` Obptbhf`j tk` P._. Z`bg tmtk` Obiouttb Umrij‘s.

Bs b piby`r tkrmuek ahv` jòbj`s, k` kbs mfmoobshmf, hf bjjhthmf tm smg` gmj`st briy tmurfbg`ftsuoo`ss, bfj, ibt`r, smg` suoo`ss hf Umrij Q t`rbfs

Okbgphmfskhps, l``f tk` P._. Mv`r :4, 04, 14, bfj 54_hfei`s bfj Jmuli`s Okbgphmf.

Lmtk ma khs smfs, _omtt bfj @rho, w`r` P._.Nufhmr bfj tk`f P._. G`f‘s _hfei`s Okbgphmfs.Lmtk br` hf tk` P_ZZB Kbii ma Abg`.

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Khstmry ma P._. Zbli` Z`ffhsQMI. QH> 2854‚285?>

ly Zhg Lmeebf, P_BZZ Khstmrhbf

©Ompyrhekt <441

’Zk` \`sure`ft X`brs> ‛emhfe tm tk` Umrij‘s amr tk` ahrst thg` hs...ihc` b ahrst

rmgbfo`, s``hfe ’_pbo` Mjyss`y,‗ Smr kbvhfeW...b r`ihehmus r`v`ibthmf.‘‗



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Zkhs lmmc hs amr tk` ibt` ^j`fcm Pzmrhfbo,gy imfe-thg` Ormbthbf arh`fj bfj omuft`rpbrt.

H wbft tm bocfmwi`je` bebhf kmw guok H bppròhbt` Ibrry Kmje`s‘s hfjhsp`fshli` omftrhluthmftmwbrj tk` gbchfe ma gy lmmcs (sobffhfe pkmtms, kìp hf ibyhfe mut pbe`s hf vmiug` bat`r vmiug`). Uhtkmut khs `xp`rh`fo` bfj àahoh`foy, ht‘s pmsshli` H wmuij fmt kbv` omgpi`t`j tk`s`

vmiug`s, mr bt i`bst fmt kbv` omgpi`t`j tk`g bs quhociy bs H kbv`.

Gbi Bfj`rsmf, tmm, e`ts gmr` tkbf b spòhbi fmj amr skbrhfe whtk g` khs fmrgmus omiiòthmf ma pkmtms ma piby rs bfj maahohbis.

H‘j bism ihc` tm ehv` spòhbi tkbfcs bebhf tm Jbv` _bcbh amr khs omfthfubi aamrt bfj fomurbe`g`ft.

H tbc` tkhs mppmrtufhty, tmm, tm bppibuj Trma`ssmr _omtt Emrjmf, tk` P_BZZ Ahig Brokhvhst,amr khs j`t`rghf`j àamrts tm imobt` bfj pr`s`rv` tk` bii tmm a`w ahigs armg mur khstmrho pbst.

T\HFZ@J LX> Zk` Mut`r Maaho`, Ihg` Chif \mbj, Auitmf, GJ

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Bii rhekts r`s`rv`j. Fm pbrt ma tkhs pulihobthmf gby l` r`prmjuo`j, stmr`j hf mr hftrmjuo`j hftmb r`trh`vbi syst`g, mr trbfsghtt`j, hf bfy amrg mr ly bfy g`bfs (ìòtrmfho, gòkbfhobi, pkmtmompyhfe, ròmrjhfe mr mtk`rwhs ), whtkmut tk` prhmr wrhtt`f p`rghsshmf ma tk` ompyrhektmwf`r.



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Bocfmwi`je`g`fts

Armg Mot., 28?? tkrmuek Fmv.-Jò., 288?, tk` fbg` Pfht`j _tbt`s Zbli` Z`ffhsBssmohbthmf (P_ZZB) pr`vbhi`j3 tk`r`bat`r tk` Bssmohbthmf hs rà`rr`j tm bs P_B Zbli` Z`ffhs(P_BZZ). Jurhfe tk`s` y`brs tkhs Qmiug` j`bis whtk, 2854-5?, H‘g ma omurs` er`btiy hfj`lt`j

tm tk` maahohbi pulihobthmf ma tk` P_ZZB, Zbli` Z`ffhs Zmphos.

Zkms` tm wkmg H pbrthouibriy wbft tm skmw gy erbthtuj`> Gbi Bfj`rsmf, Ghc` Lbl`r,Zmg Lbujry, T`t`r Lòc`r, Ibszim ’Iboh‗ Lìibc, ’K‗ Libhr, Kmuskbfe Lmzmrezbj`k, E`mre`Lrbtkwbht`, Lbrj Lr`ff`r, L`rfh` Luch`t, Lml Lurc`, Nboc Obrr, Jmue Obrtibfj, Ihg GhfeOkuh, Ei`ff Omwbf, Jbv` Omx, Ar`j bfj Obri Jbff`r, Arbfc Jbvhsmf, Ghc` J`gps`y, Okbrih`Jhsf`y, Arbfc Jwìiy, Jhoc @vbfs, _kbzzh Aìst`hf, Lmlly Ahìjs, _bg Ai`tok`r, Jbffy Ebfz,

Lml Er``f, Kbi bfj Biho` Er``f, Ar`j Erml``, Kmwh` Ermssgbf, \by Euhii`f, Jmf Euff,Lmlly Eushcmaa, Kbrv`y Eutgbf, Nmkf Kbffb, \uaamrj Kbrrhsmf, Zhlmr bfj Gbejb Kbzh, Ar`jK`rlst, Tbt Ruhftyf` Khij`lrbfj, Kbrry bfj Trhsohiib (\`s`c) Khrsokcmwhtz, Ibrry Kmje`s,Ghc` Kmaaibfj, Nmkf Kmrfhfe, Nboc Kmwbrj, Bzgy Hlrbkhg, _t`v` Hsbbosmf, L`rt Nbomls,

J`bf Nmkfsmf, Lml bfj Lbrlbrb Cbghfscy, Lhii Gbri`fs, Chghym Gbtsuzbch, Curhgmtm, I`gCuusc, Qho Ibfjbu, Gbry Ibrs`f, Lmfe-Gm I``, J-N I``, Gbrv bfj Obrmf Iàa, Tbui I`whs,

\by Gboc, Tbtty Gbrthf`z, Nmkf Gbst`rs, Jr. Lhii G`szbrms, Jhoc Ghi`s, I`bk Zkbii Fùl`re`r, Nm` F`webrj`f, J`fhs M‘Omffìi, Zyrb Tbrchfs, T t`r Trbjht, Gbrty Trbe`r, Tbui\bpkì, Nmkf \`bj, Tkhihp \`hj, Gbrty \`hsgbf, @rrmi bfj Nbhrh` \`s`c, Jbffy \mllhfs,Aubrfbjm \ml`rts, Jbv` bfj Jmffb _bcbh, _u` _bre`ft, Uhiihbg _okìt`gb, _mi _okhaa, Okrhs_okimtt`rkbus`f, Bi _okwbrtz, Jr. Ghokbì _omtt HH, Jbf _``ghii`r, Bjkbg _kbrbrb, Lhii_kbrp`, Ghtok _hil`rt, Zkìgb ’Zylh`‗ Zkbii _mgg`r, @ish` _phffhfe, Erbkbg _t``fkmv`f,

Jìi bfj Omffh` _w``rhs, Nmkf Zbff`khii, Nms` Zmgchfs, ^j`fcm Pzmrhfbo, Nhg Q`rtb, K`rlQhokfhf, Lml Ubic`r, J`r`c Ubii, _h Ubss`rgbf, bfj Gmrt, @vìyf, Nàa bfj Okuoc ^bcbrhf.

. Amrg`r P_ZZB Khstmrhbf I`bk Zkbii Fùl`re`r‘s \òmrjs H‘v` kbj boo`ss tm skmw,armg tk`hr lèhffhfes hftm tk` lèhffhfe 2884‘s, tk` r`suits ma Umrij Okbgphmfskhps3 bffubiObfbjhbf Fbthmfbi @xkhlhthmf Okbgphmfskhps3 P._. Oims`j Okbgphmfskhps3 P._. Mp`f Z`bg

Okbgphmfskhps3 @bst`rf Mp`f Z`bg Okbgphmfskhps3 bfj fug`rmus Ohty bfj _tbt`tmurfbg`fts brmufj tk` omuftry. Gbfy ma tk` tmurfbg`ft r`suits H hfomrpmrbt` hf bii tk`s`Khstmry vmiug`s br` armg tk`s` ròmrjs (ròmrjs wkhok H‘v` trh`j tm omfahrg armg mtk`r smuro`s).

H bebhf wbft tm tkbfc I`bk Fùl`re`r‘s shst`r, Zkìgb ’Zylh`‗ Zkbii _mgg`r, amr ber``hfe, bat`r I`bk‘s j`btk, tkbt H ghekt, hf gy Khstmrhbf‘s rmi`, kbv` boo`ss tm tk`s` ufhqu`

iblmr-ma imv` Lhfj`rs. H bism wbft tm tkbfc bebhf I`bk bfj Zylh`‘s ibt`, imfethg` arh`fj LmlEr``f amr tbchfe tk` omfshj`rbli` thg` bfj trmuli` ma lmxhfe up bii tk`s` Lhfj`rs (bs wìi bs

tk` gbfy ghsoìibf`mus Amij`rs I`bk kbj boquhr`j) bfj s`fjhfe tk`g tm g`.\à`r`fo`s wk`r` pmsshli`, hfoiujhfe pkmtm bocfmwi`je`g`fts, whii bpp`br hf tk` t`xt.



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Hftrmjuothmf

Kbvhfe fò`ssbrhiy j`vmt`j b auiivmiug`‚Qmi. Q‚tm tk` khstmry-gbchfe ’Thfe-Tmfe Jhpimgboy‗ vhsht ma mur P._. Z`bg tm Okhfb

hf 2852 bfj tk` ròhprmobi vhsht ma tk` Okhf`s`Z`bg tm tk` P._. hf 285<, H r`turf k`r` tm wk`r`

H‘j iàt maa hf Qmi. HQ‚tk` ibt` sprhfe/sugg`r stbrt ma tk` 2854-52 s`bsmf‚bfj tkus omfthfu`gy uflrmc`f okrmfmimehobi boomuft ma Zbli`Z`ffhs hf tkhs omuftry.

Lèhffhfe whtk tk` ahrst (Nuiy-Bue., 2854)

hssu` ufj`r gy @jhtmrskhp, tk` maahohbi P_ZZB pulihobthmf, Zbli` Z`ffhs Zmphos, ufj`rem`s brbjhobi okbfe` tkbt hf `fsuhfe gmftks, hfj``jy`brs, whii s``…b prmiha`rbthmf ma r`pmrt`j

tmurfbg`ft r`suits bfj wrht`-ups fmt mfiy armg biibrmufj tk` P._. lut armg blrmbj tmm3 khekiy

j`tbhi`j @xòuthv` Omgghtt`` Ghfut`s/Jhsousshmfs3 p`rsmfbi pmhft-ma-vh`w brthoi`s3 bfjI`tt`rs tm tk` @jhtmr tkbt gbc` amr bf ’mp`ff`ss‗k`r`tmamr` fmt ehv`f tk` G`gl`rskhp.

Ma omurs` ht‘s hf`vhtbli` tkbt whtk suokar``jmg omg`s omftrmv`rsy. Fmt `v`rymf` ihc`s

wkbt smg` p`mpi` sby mp`fiy, bfj sm prmt`st.Zk`y prà`r tkbt tkhfes l` iàt ufsbhj, tkbt ih`s bfjkbia-trutks fmt l` ehv`f b vmho`. Kmw`v`r, H‘v`

lìh`v`j bii gy iha tkbt hf b j`gmorboy, bsmppms`j tm b jhotbtmrskhp, jhrty ibufjry (whtksmg` `xo`pthmfs) hs bhr`j, bfj tkbt, ha `v`rymf` hs

biimw`j khs/k`r sby, tk` trutk whii `v`ftubiiy mut.Zm gy ghfj, jhsber``g`ft kbs hts vhrtu`s, bfj H a`ìtk` ar``jmg ma sp`òk H bjvmobt`j hf Zmphos biimw`jamr b syst`g ma okòcs bfj lbibfo`s mf g` mr bfymf`ìs` wkm, bii tmm kugbfiy, ghekt e`t mut ma ihf`.

Hf bfy obs`, H tkhfc ht abhr tm sby tkbt,

bitkmuek gy f`wspbp`r/gbebzhf hf`xp`rh`fo`skmws wmàuiiy hf ibymut, erbpkhos, bfj us` (mr fmf-

us`) ma pkmtms, H ufj`fhbliy lrhfe b vhtbihty tm Zmphostkbt tk` r`bj`rskhp bppròhbt`s. Uk`f, amr `xbgpi`,H‘j obrry <44 omph`s ma bf hssu` kmt maa tk` pr`ss tm btmurfbg`ft, H omuijf‘t kbfj tk`g mut abst `fmuek.

Tbrt ma tk` piby`rs‘ ftkushbsg amr tk` gbebzhf` hs lòbus , omgpbr j tm wkbt tk`y‘v` kbj hf tk` pbst,ht‘s sm r`bjbli`. Fm imfe`r br` brthoi`s g`r` r`kbsk`sma tmurfbg`ft somr`s3 fmw ymu obf s`` iht`rbt`

Jrbwhfe ly K`rlimoc

Armg 2852 Ghff`smtb ZZB F`wsi`tt`r

Ok`fe Kubh-yhfe vs. ’Aihpp`r‗Tkmtm ly Lml Fmli`

Armg Okhfb. P_B Zbli` Z`ffhs 5<



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wrht`rs r`biiy fnmyhfe tk`hr mppmrtufhty amr ar`` xpr`sshmf. K`r`‘s baìimw (ZZZ , Gbrok-Bprhi, 285<, 2<) kbvhfe s`rhmus-ghfj`j auf>

’Zm tk` @jhtmr>…SH kbv`W wbtok`j whtk hft`r`st ymur kbfjihfe ma Zmphos. Xmur

nmurfbihsg t`xtlmmc gust kbv` l``f Zk` Gbeho Okrhsthbf.Zkbt‘s fmt b fèbthv`

omgg`ft. H ihc` Zmphos fmw,wk`tk`r mr fmt ht‘s r`biiy biif`w….

Zk`r`‘s b tkr`bj ma

omfthfuhty tkbt lhfjs tk` f`wZmphos tm tk` mij‚b tkr`bj tkbtgby boomuft amr tk` tkmrmuekiy l`gmbf`j hefmghfy ma tbli`

t`ffhs hf tkhs omuftry. Mf` ahfjstkbt tkr`bj wmv`f hftm gmst ma

tk` brthoi`s bfj f`briy bii ma tkì`tt`rs.

Ht‘s bf uflrmc`f strbfj ma p`tthf`ss.Orylblh`s br` amufj hf v`ry spmrt. Hf tbli`

t`ffhs, tm r`bj Zmphos, ht‘s kbrj tm ahfj bfy spmrtsbgmfe tk` orylblh`s.

H lìh`v` tkbt‘s wky p`mpi` jrmp mut ma mr f`v`r e`t strmfeiy hfvmiv`j hf ‛lhe-thg`‘ tbli` t`ffhs. T`tty rui`s, p`tty oihqu`s, p`tty orylbly piby`rs

Zk` ebg` kbs fm a‚hfe oibss….

JHOC IBFKBG?;2: Eufjry Bv`.Imfe L`bok, OB 84;45‗

Bfmtk`r hffmvbthmf hf tk` gbchfe wbs Nboc Kmwbrj‘sbglhthmus prmnòt ma rbhshfe b fbthmf-whj` ibjj`r tm tk` stbrsvhb b omgput`r rbthfe syst`g. Pshfe b amrguib lbs`j mf tk` piby`r-rbthfe syst`g ma tk` Hft`rfbthmfbi Ok`ss A`j`rbthmf,bfj ghfjaui ma b (shghibr=) ’syst`g, mf b sgbii`r bfj shgpi`r

sobi`, StkbtW wbs botubiiy us`j hf tk` Tbohaho Fmrtkw`st,‗Nboc kmp`j tm òkm, fbthmf-whj`, Jr. Nhg Emmjwhf‘s

rèhmfbi suoo`ss. Khs bhg wbs tm ’orbfc mut b gmftkiy rbthfeihst ma v`ry piby`r wkm omgp`t`s hf sbfothmf`jtmurfbg`fts‗‚bfj hf bs gbfy oibsshahobthmfs bs hfhthbiiy pmsshli`. Bism, amr p`rkbps b $< a``, b piby`r wmuij l` bli`

tm rò`hv` ’b omgpi`t` ròmrj ma bii khs gbtok`s.‗Zmurfbg`ft mrebfhz`rs wmuij bism l` kìp`j lòbus` tk` p`rgbf`ft ròmrjs wmuij ’butmgbthobiiy j t`rghf` tk` `v`ftìhehlhihty ma bii piby`rs.‗

Uìi, gbyl` fmt `v`rymf`‘s b orylblyJrbwhfe ly Erè _bwhf

P_ZZB Tr`shj`ft/@jhtmrZhg Lmeebf

Nboc Kmwbrj, whtk khs 2854

P_ZZB Lbrfb Bwbrj

Tkmtm ly

Gbi Bfj`rsmf



1

Zrhbi bfj`rrmr bjnustg`ftsghekt kbv` tm l`gbj`, Nboc sbhj,rèbrjhfe tk`

`quhtbli` fugl`r ma pmhfts bwbrj`j amr whfs bfj imss`sbgmfe piby`rs, pbrthouibriy whtkrèbrj tm ups`ts, lutsm imfe bs spmfsmrs

emt mut tk`hr tmurfbg`ft r`suitsquhociy, tk` rbthfeswmuij l` up tm jbt`.

Gbfy piby`rs wmuij l` pi`bs`j tm s`` tk`hr fbg` hf prhft bfj, hf kmp`s ma rbhshfe tk`hr rbthfe,wmuij wbft tm prbotho` gmr` bfj btt`fj gmr` tmurfbg`fts. Tiby`rs, oiul mwf`rs, tmurfbg`ft

spmfsmrs wmuij bii l`fàht (Zmphos, _`pt.-Mot., 2854, 22).Bs w`‘ii s``, Nboc khgsìa hf thg` whii i`bv` tkhs tbxhfe prmnòt, whii r`thr` armg tk`

_pmrt, lut bs b r`suit ma khs hfhthbi àamrts, khs suoo`ssmr, F`bi Amx, whii p`rs`v`r` ufthi rbthfes(skmwhfe tk` ourr`ft str`fetk ma tk` piby`r) whii suppibft rbfchfes (j`p`fj`ft mf b p`ramrgbfo` bv rbe` mv`r b s`bsmf, bs wìi bs r quhr`j tmurfbg`ft-pbrthohpbthmf pmhfts).

Zk` 2852 Z`bg tm tk` P._. Umrij‘s wbs j`t`rghf`j ly b _ìòthmf Omgghtt`` ghfjaui

fmt sm guok ma bfy piby`r‘s pbst rbfchfe, lut ly rò`ft boouguibt`j piby, bfj pbrthouibriy ly bomft`fj`r‘s p`ramrgbfo` mv`r b eruìhfe Fmv., 2854 w``c`fj, lmtk hf rmufj-rmlhfHft`rfbthmfbi Z`bg _qubj (HZ_) Gbtok`s bfj P._. Mp`f Z`bg Okbgphmfskhp piby. Zk`

P_ZZB, bs ghekt l` s``f hf Abii, 2854 brthoi`s ly _t`v` Hsbbosmf bfj Qho Ibfjbu, wbs gmvhfebwby armg b P._. Z`bg l`hfe amrg`j ly b _ìòthmf Omgghtt``‘s sulnòthv` bpprbhsbi,smg`thg`s hf tk` pbst er`btiy hfaiu`fo`j ly nust mf` mr twm g`f.

HZ_ Jhròtmr bfj P._. Z`bg Obptbhf Kmwbrj kbj orhthohz`j tk` trbjhthmfbi P_MZO prbotho` ma tk` gbfy t`bg-th` ’lusy‗ gbtok`s strmfe piby`rs kbj ghfji`ssiy tm fjur` bebhfstrìbthvìy w`bc piby`rs. _btìiht` piby skmuij l` amst`r`j, k` sbhj3 Rubihayhfe piby hfsthtut`j.Bfj, hfj``j, hf y`brs tm omg`, tkhs wmuij l` tk` r`spòtaui wby tk` P_ZZB wmuij tr`bt hts tmp piby`rs vyhfe amr P._. Okbgphmfskhps bfj Umrij Z`bg pmshthmfs, wkhi` bii tk` wkhi` pr`s`rvhfe, j`gmorbthobiiy, tk` mppmrtufhty amr mtk`rs tm omft`fj bebhfst tk`g.

Zkus, ly 285<, whtk Jhoc Ghi`s bs hts _ìòthmf Okbhr, tk` Bssmohbthmf wmuij mpt amr bshfei` rmufj-rmlhf omgp`ththmf bgmfe b kbj-tm-qubihay ahìj tkbt, lbs`j mlnòthvìy mf tk`

piby`rs‘ whfs bfj imss`s, wmuij j`t`rghf` tk` Z`bg g`gl`rs. Kbj tk`r fmt l``f suok bomgp`ththmf, ihcìy sup`r-stbr-tm-l` Jbffy _``ghii`r, wkm turf`j mut surprhshfeiy tm l` tk` #2G`f‘s ahfhsk`r, wmuij fmt kbv` l``f fbg`j ly b _ìòthmf Omgghtt`` tm tk` 285? UmrijZ`bg‚whtk p`rkbps iha`-okbfehfe omfs`qu`fo`s amr khg bfj mtk`rs.

P._. piby`rs, hfoiujhfe mur Nufhmrs, lòbg` bs b ermup gmr` hfj`p`fj`ft-ghfj`j,gmr` whiihfe tm sp`bc up amr piby`r-pmw`r hf tkhs jòbj` ma tk` ‛54‘s. Hf tk` sprhfe ma 2852,smg` ma mur l`st Nufhmrs, lmys bfj ehris, ufj`r Obptbhf Jìi _w``rhs, tmmc tk` hfhthbthv` tm`be`riy rbhs` gmf`y tm piby hf tk` @feihsk Nufhmr Mp`f. Bat`r mur Z`bg kbj imst b fugl`r ma

Hft`r`sthfe ... lut wkbt jm`s ht jm=Armg _`bwbfkbcb



5

gbtok`s tk`r`, Jìi obg` kmg` bfj suee`st`j hf Zmphos (Nuiy-Bueust, 2852, 53 <1) smg` wbys tkbt w` omuij turf mur ims`rshftm whff`rs>

’…Brrhv` :-5 jbys hf bjvbfo` ma tk` lhe tmurfbg`ftbfj kbv` b jbhiy sok`jui` ma trbhfhfe bfj prbotho` gbtok`s whtk

mtk`r omuftrh`s mr `v`f imobi oiuls.‗ Kmw`v`r, gbc` sur` piby`rs ’e`t fmuek r`st.‗ B squbj ma g`f, wmg`f, bfj nufhmr t`bgs skmuij trbvì tm Bshb mr @urmp` ’amr <-: w``cs bt i`bstmfo` bok s`bsmf.‗ Zk`s` piby`rs omuij piby hf w``c`fjtmurfbg`fts bfj trbvì brmufj tk` r`st ma tk` thg` pibyhfegbtok`s wk`r`v`r kmsphtbihty omuij l` brrbfe`j. Bism, amr`hef piby`rs muekt tm l` hfvht`j tm tk` P._.‚p`rkbps vhb bf

`xokbfe` prmerbg. Zkbt Jìi aìt k` kbj tm suee`st wkbt fmws``gs tm us mlvhmus skmws kmw hf`xp`rh`fo`j bfjufomfo`rf`j mur maahohbis hf tk` ‛14‘s kbj l``f vhs-ä-vhs tk`wmrij tbli` t`ffhs so`f`, bfj kmw jhaahouit ht ghekt l` tm lrhfe

tk`s` suee`st`j hgprmv`g`fts blmut.Erbjubiiy, lmtk P_ZZB maahohbis bfj tk` G`gl`rskhp

hf e`f`rbi lèbf tm tbc` s`rhmusiy tk` tkmuekt tkbt, y`s, tk`P._. omuij kbv` b ròmefhzbli` pibo` hf wmrij tbli` t`ffhs.Zkhs skhat hf btthtuj` obg` blmut lòbus` ma tk` btt`fthmf ehv`f tm Hft`rfbthmfbi piby hf Zmphos,tk` omghfe ma gmr` bfj gmr` vhshthfe wmrij-oibss piby`rs tm jhaa`r`ft pbrts ma tk` P._., bfj, hftk` lèhffhfe, lòbus` mur ròhprmobi `xokbfe` whtk tk` Okhf`s` rbhs`j mur stbtur` hf mur mwf`y`s.

Ma omurs`, tk` qu`sthmf hs biwbys bsc`j> Ehv`f bii tk` P._.-Okhfb `xokbfe` pulihohty,wky jhjf‘t Zbli` Z`ffhs obtok mf= Uky wmuijf‘t tk` puliho omg` mut tm wbtok tk` gbtok`s=H‘g fmt tbichfe blmut `xkhlhthmfs tkbt p`mpi` wmuij fnmy s``hfe, tkmuek fmt r`p`ththvìy, amr

`ft`rtbhfg`ft. Lut r`bi, omgp`ththv` gbtok`s. Ukbt‘s f``j`j= Bfsw`r> T`rsmfbi hfvmiv`g`fthf wkm‘s pibyhfe, b pbsshmfbt` hft`r`st hf tk` mutomg` ma tk` piby. Lut kmw j`vìmp tkbt=

Trhmr tm tk` omghfe ma tk` Okhf`s`, tk` P_ZZB kìj hts 285< ìòthmf amr P_ZZB

maaho`rs‚bf ìòthmf tkbt wbs ufprò`j`ft`j hf hts omglbthv` fbtur` bgmfe Tr`shj`fthbiobfjhjbt`s Nboc Obrr bfj b skbrpiy bttbochfe Zhg Lmeebf. Zm ehv` ymu b a`ì amr tkhs gmst prhvbtìy bfj pulihoiy jhsouss`j ìòthmf hf tk` tk`f :4-y`br khstmry ma tk` Bssmohbthmf Hr`prmjuo` k`r` b pr`vh`w ma tk` ’bs-ht-kbpp`f`j g`sshf`ss‗ tm omg`‚twm omgpi`g`ftbry y`tjhv`re`ft pmhfts ma vh`w (ZZZ , Gbrok-Bprhi, 285<, 8)>

’Zm tk` @jhtmr>H nust rò`hv`j tk` Nbf.-A`l. hssu` ma Zbli` Z`ffhs Zmphos, wkhok wbs `xoìi`ft. H

wbs `xtr`gìy ufkbppy, kmw`v`r, wk`f H r`bj ymur stbt`g`ft amr Tr`shj`ft ma tk`P_ZZB. Armg pbst `xp`rh`fo` hf gbfy `juobthmfbiiy-rìbt`j pmihthobi br`fbs, H‘v`jhsomv`r`j tkbt tkms` wkm bjbgbftiy mppms` tk` stbtus qum usubiiy jmf‘t ufj`rstbfj(fmt nust jhsber`` whtk) tk` pkhimsmpkhobi r`bsmfs l`khfj tkbt vh`w. Armg tk` ibst a`w

hssu`s ma Zmphos, ht s``gs tkbt Nboc Obrr‘s pkhimsmpky hs omgpbthli` whtk tkbt ma Jmueibss GboErèmr bfj khs ‛Zk`mry ma ’[.‗‘ Hf tk` ‛[‘ Zk`mry ht hs bssug`j tkbtkugbf l`hfes br` fbturbiiy ibzy bfj f``j prmjjhfe tm wmrc wìi bfj àahoh`ftiy. Zkr`btsbr` gbj`, omfstbft mls`rvbthmf hs fò`ssbry, bfj rui`s gust l` strhfe`ftiy ml`y`j sm

Jìi _w``rhsTkmtm ly Jmf Euff



;

tkbt mrj`r whii pr`vbhi. Xmu, kmw`v`r, bppbr`ftiy br` bebhfst tkhs, a`ìhfe pbrihbg`ftbry prmo`jur` bfj bfthqubt`j trbjhthmfs br` kmijhfe lboc tk` autur` ma Zbli` Z ffhs.Uk`tk`r mr fmt gy hft`rpr`tbthmf ma ymur r`spòthv` pmshthmfs wbs rhekt, ht wbs fmtymur pkhimsmpky tkbt H wrmt` tm mppms`, lut rbtk`r ymur g`tkmjs.

Ha ’tm c``p tryhfe whtk b pbsshmf, tm omfthfu` tm obr` hf tkhs arustrbthfe wmrij (bfj hf

tkhs ihtti` hff`r ohroi` ma ht‚tkhs t.t. wmrij) hs tk` gmst hgpmrtbft i`ssmf‗ ymu mr bfy pbr`ftobf kmp` tm t`bok khs okhijr`f, ymu br` jmhfe b er`bt jhss`rvho` tm ymurs nust ly hfthgbthfe(wk`tk`r ht l` tru`, mr shgpiy b psyokmimehobi pimy tm whf vmt`s) tkbt ymu ghekt fmt r`gbhf`jhtmr ma Z.Z.Z. skmuij ymu ims` tk` iòthmf. Zkhs gbebzhf` kbs omg` b imfe wby tkrmuekymur aamrts. Ht s``gs ymu kbv` kbj gmr` hfaiu`fo` mf tkms` wkm r`bj ht tkhs y`br tkbf tkòurr`ft pr`shj`ft ma tk` P_ZZB. Zryhfe tm e`t gmr` vmt`s ly ushfe ymur smfs bs lbht (tk`hr ’autur` hf tk` ebg` ghekt wìi l` sm er`btiy baaòt`j ly tkhs iòthmf‗) hs bism r`pr`k`fshli`.

@gmthmfbihsg gust l` jhsrèbrj`j hf jòhjhfe amr wkmg tm obst b vmt`….…SXmuW gby wmfj`r bs tm gy mwf pmshthmf hf tk` ìòthmf. Ht hs abhriy shgpi`>

pi`bs` jmf‘t hft`rpr t wkbt H kbv` tm sby bs l`hfe bpbtk`tho. Ihc` tk` ihght`j okmho` l`tw``f Fhxmf bfj Kugpkr`y hf 281;‚ly tk` thg` tk` ìòthmf hs mv`r ht whii l`

skmwf tkbt H kbv` obst gy vmt` amr ‛Blst`fthmf.‘L\PO@ B. C@__@IGBF

\ute`rs Tmst Maaho` 8<; F`w Lrufswhoc, F`w N`rs`y 4;842‗

’Zm tk` @jhtmr>H lmtk ihc` bfj r`spòt Nboc Obrr bfj Zhg Lmeebf. Bs b r`suit H k`shtbt`j tm

wrht` amr a`br ma maa`fjhfe `htk`r mr lmtk ma tk`g. H kbv` l``f fuje`j mut ma gy

i`tkbrey, tkmuek, ly twm tkhfes, lmtk moourrhfe hf tk` rò`ft hssu` ma Zmphos.Zk` ahrst wbs Nboc Kmwbrj‘s obgpbhef stbt`g`ft wkhok struoc b r`spmfshv`

okmrj hf gy `juobthmf-mrh`ft`j pkhimsmpky whtk khs ure` tm ’pmshthv` bothmf bfj

hfvmiv`g`ft.‗ _yrupy= T`rkbps, lut w`‘v` emt tm stbrt smg`wk`r`.Zk` sòmfj ht`g moourr`j f`br tk` `fj ma Zhg Lmeebf‘s stbt`g`ft hf wkhok k` hfa`rr`jtk` okmho` ma ’ìòt g` mr ims` g`.‗ Gy ahrst hgpr`sshmf ma tkhs btthtuj` wbs tkbt ht wbs

‛hggbtur`,‘ lut H omuijf‘t i`t ht r`st tk`r`.H jm fmt a`ì tkbt H cfmw Zhg Lmeebf p`rsmfbiiy (H bg tmrf k`r` l`tw``f

wrhthfe ‛Zhg‘ bfj ‛Gr.‘), lut H kbv` kbj tk` mppmrtufhty tm mls`rv` tkhs gbf armg mf`tm ahv` thg`s b y`br bt tmurfbg`fts shfo` 2810 wk`f H kbv` oimsìy amiimw`j khstmurfbg`ft j`sorhpthmfs bfj mtk`r omftrhluthmfs hf Zmphos amr shx y`brs. Mf` tkhfe kbsskmwf tkrmuek omfthfubiiy, bfj tkbt hs @GMZHMF. T`rkbps `gmthmf whii fmt smiv` bii

prmli`gs, lut bat`r shx y`brs xp`rh`fo` H obffmt r`g`gl`r wkm tk` SP_ZZBW maaho`rskbv` l``f mr wk`f ìòthmfs w`r` kìj.

Fmw omgpbr` tkms` y`brs whtk tmjby. Zkhs iòthmf a btur`s hfvmiv`g`ft‚ armg sm-obii`j ‛sibfj`r‘ tm `xtrb prmpbebfjb l`hfe gbhi`j mut ly Gr. Obrr bfj khsarh`fjs wkm s``g barbhj mr wmrrh`j blmut tk` bjjhthmf ma `gmthmf tm tk` ìòthmf.

Hf ihekt ma tkhs ht bpp`brs tm g` fmw tkbt Gr. Lmeebf‘s pi`b ma ‛ìòthmf mr

`xoiushmf‘ hs b vmho` oryhfe mut hf jbrcf`ss amr p`mpi` tm ufj`rstbfj khs pbsshmfbt`fbtur` bfj baaòthmf amr tk` spmrt ma tbli` t`ffhs. Zkhs hs fmt b lblyhsk aht ma t`gp`r smguok bs bf btthtuj` ma ‛Hsf‘t ht blmut thg` w` jhj tkhfes=‘ bfj ‛Kmw guok jm`s b p`rsmfkbv` tm ehv` up hf t`rgs ma thg`, f`rey, bfj wmrc tm skmw p`mpi` tkbt k` obr`s=‘



8

Nboc Obrr hs bf `xoìi`ft wmrc`r bfj b fho` euy. Zhg Lmeebf hs bf `xoìi`ftwmrc`r bfj bpp`brs tm g` tm l` b fho` euy. Uk`f H kbv` tm gbc` tk` okmho` l`tw``ftk`g H whii vmt` amr Zhg lòbus` H a`ì tkbt b i`bj`r f``js smg` bgmuft ma jyfbghsgbfj `xpr`sshv`f`ss, bfj tkbt tkhs hs Zhg Lmeebf‘s strmfe pmhft.

H bg thr`j ma shi`ft `xòuthv`s wkm kbv` pr`s`rv`j tk` stbtus qum (okòc

g`gl`rskhp aheur`s mv`r tk` pbst <4 y`brs) whtk smg` oruglihfe brmufj tk` `je`s. Htrust Zhg bfj Nboc, lut H a`ì tkbt Zhg wmuij trust gy pbrthohpbthmf hf tk` P_ZZB gmr`tkbf mur ‛trbjhthmfbi‘ i`bj`rs kbv`. H wbft tm pbrthohpbt` hf b emhfe mrebfhzbthmf whtkjyfbgho Lmeebf`squ` i`bj`rskhp.

\BITK _ZBJ@IGBFErbfj \bphjs, Ghok.‗

Bs ymu whii s``, H wmf tkhs ìòthmf, kbvhfe rò`hv`j 50% ma tk` vmt`. Hf 285?, Obrr wbs lboc ruffhfe amr maaho` bebhf‚tkhs thg` amr Zr`bsur`r3 bfj Gbi Bfj`rsmf, bgmfe mtk`rs,wbs ruffhfe amr Qho`-Tr`shj`ft. H tkmuekt H kbj emmj r`bsmf tm ure` vmt`rs fmt tm vmt` amr `htk`r ma tk`s` obfjhjbt`s wkmg H jhjf‘t wbft tm wmrc whtk, bfj sm H wrmt` b Tr`shj`fthbi

omiugf xpibhfhfe wky bfj vmhohfe gy prà`r`fo` amr mtk`rs H jhj wbft tm wmrc whtk.Mut ma ihf`, wbs H= H jhjf‘t tkhfc sm‚lut, bs tk` ’g`sshf`ss‗ omfthfu`j, mf` r`bj`r

obii`j g` tm tbsc>

’Zm tk` @jhtmr>Xmu kbv` gbj` tk` stbt`g`ft gbfy thg`s, gmst rò`ftiy hf ymur ‛Tr`shj`ft‘s

Qh`w‘ brthoi` (s`` tk` Gbrok-Bprhi hssu` ma Zmphos, p. 25), tkbt ymu br` shoc ma tk` p`tthf`ss ma tk` ’mij eubrj‗ hf tbli` t`ffhs. X t, ht s``gs, tkbt ymu ymursìa br`

r`v`rthfe tm p`tthf`ss hf ymur mwf stbt`g`fts.Hf tk` blmv` g`fthmf`j brthoi`, ymu tìi us fmt tm vmt` amr Gbi Bfj`rsmf. Xmu

sby tkbt k` hs b ‛jm-fmtkhfe amiimw`r,‘ tkbt k` ehv`s ymu ‛lbj vhlrbthmfs rmufj tk`

tbli`,‘ bfj tkbt k` hs fmt ‛mf` ma us.‘ Kbvhfe l``f hsmibt`j hf Ghff`smtb bfj ufbli` tmkbv` bfy p`rsmfbi omftbot whtk @.O. typ`s mr p`mpi` hf tk` cfmw, `xoiujhfe,qu`sthmfbliy, Okbrih` Jhsf`y, H wmuij ihc` tm cfmw nust wkbt hf kìi tkms` stbt`g`fts

g`bf.Xmu jm `xpibhf, tm b jèr``, tk` ‛jm-fmtkhfe amiimw`r‘3 kmw`v`r, tk` r`st

r`gbhfs ufsuppmrt`j, `xo`pt ly tk` stbt`g`ft tkbt b y`br bem Gbi jhjf‘t ihc` ymu bfjfmw k` jm`s lut shfo` ymu obf‘t amre`t b eruje` e`t rhj ma khg.

Hf jà`fs` ma Bfj`rsmf, wbs ht fmt @g`rsmf hf ‛_ìa \ìhbfo`‘ wkm sbhjsmg`tkhfe tm tk` àaòt tkbt w` gust sby wkbt w` tkhfc tmjby hf wmrjs ihc`

obffmflbiis bfj jm tk` sbg` tkhfe tmgmrrmw, `v`f ha wkbt w` lìh`v` tk`f hs tmtbiiyjhaa`r`ft armg wkbt w` lìh`v` tmjby= Hs ht hgpmsshli` tm okbfe` mf`‘s ghfj blmut ymu

bat`r b y`br ma mls`rvhfe bfj wmrchfe whtk ymu=Tutthfe tk` sulnòt ma p`tthf`ss bshj` amr tk` gmg`ft, tk`r` hs tk` ibre`r hssu` ma

‛Zhg Lmeebf kbvhfe tk` ibst wmrj‘ hf bii i`tt`rs bfj brthoi`s tkbt br` pulihsk`j hfZmphos. H jm fmt vh`w tkhs bs b erbv` prmli`g bghj tk` fmrgbi orbp tkbt s``gs tm l`

tk` sulnòt ma 84% (hfoiujhfe tkhs i`tt`r) ma tk` i`tt`rs tm Zmphos. Kmw`v`r, wk`f ymukbv` tk` ibst omgg`ft mf p`mpi`‘s obgpbhef stbt`g`fts ht hs bfmtk`r gbtt`r.

Zk` p`rsmfbi bttbocs tkbt ymu wbe`j bebhfst Obrr bfj Bfj`rsmf, puiihfe tk`hr stbt`g`fts bpbrt, phò` ly phò`, bfj ràuthfe tk`g pmhft ly pmhft, wbs ufabhr us` ma



24

ymur pmw`r. Ht s``gs tkbt `htk`r fm mf` ìs`kbj b shfei` hfomrròt stbt`g`ft mr mf` tkbtymu jhsber``j whtk, mr tkbt ymu jhsihc`jObrr bfj Bfj`rsmf p`rsmfbiiy tm tk` pmhftma ghsushfe ymur omglhf`j `jhtmr-pr`shj`ft

pmw`r tm e`t rhj ma tk`g.Zkhs i`tt`r hs smg`wkbt hfomgpi`t`, bsmf` skmuij bism prmpms` smiuthmfs tm tk` prmli`gs mf` pr s`fts. Hf tkhs obs , kmw`v`r,tk` prmli`g r`shj`s hf mf` p`rsmf, ZhgLmeebf, bfj tk` l`st H obf jm hs tm bpp`bi tmkhg. @xbghf` ymursìa (wkhok, armg wkbt H

kbv` r`bj ma ymu bfj ly ymu, ymu s``g tm jm,shfo` ht s``gs ymu br` b ràiòthv` p`rsmf) bfjs`` ha ymu tkhfc ymu br` l`hfe p`tty bfj ha p`rkbps ymu kbv` us j ymur jhtmr‘s pmw rs

tm ufabhr bjvbftbe`‚bfj, pi`bs`, fm ‛`fjs nusthay tk` g`bfs‘ orbp‚bfj bot boomrjhfe tm

wkbt`v`r kmpàuiiy kmf`st bfj r`spmfshliòmfoiushmfs ymu omg` tm.

Zkbfc ymu amr ymur thg` bfj `br.

QHFO@ CMIM_CHGhff`bpmihs, Ghff.‗

Bs r`bj`rs kbv` surìy erbsp`j ly fmw, H‘v` omg` tm b pmhft hf gy Khstmry vmiug`swk`r`, hf fò`ssbrhiy omv`rhfe gy jubi rmi` bs @jhtmr/Tr`shj`ft ma tk` Bssmohbthmf, H bg b v`ry

sulnòthvìy hfvmiv`j Khstmrhbf. Aurtk`r, bs Khstmrhbf, H‘v` biwbys tbc`f tk` pmshthmf tkbt fmtmfiy skmuij H l` `xpr`sshfe tk` pmhft ma vh`w ma `v`rymf` H‘g wrhthfe blmut, lut tkbt H skmuij l` `xpr`sshfe gy mwf pmhft ma vh`w bs Khstmrhbf bs tkmuektauiiy bs, sulnòthvìy, H mlnòthvìy

obf (wkhok hs fmt tm sby whtkmut `gmthmf).Ihc` bfy wrht`r, H‘g hf okbre` ma _ìòthmf bfj Brrbfe`g`ft. Ht‘s gy `y`, H, tk` r`bj`r

kbs tm trust. _m H s`` gy okhà r`spmfshlhihty bs l`hfe bs omgpr`k`fshv` bfj bs trutkaui hf wkbtH sby bs H obf omfsohmusiy l`. H‘g mlvhmusiy fmt wrhthfe tk`s` hf-ermup lmmcs amr gbt`rhbi lutamr psyokho prmaht. Zkbt hs, H‘g wrhthfe tk`g tm s`` ha H obf omfstruot suok b Khstmry tm gy mwfsbthsabothmf, bfj bs bf `fjurhfe \òmrj ma tk` _pmrt. Zm c``p wrhthfe H kbv` tm prmujiy sbthsay

gysìa tkbt H‘g l`hfe v`ry omfsoh`fthmus‚gbchfe bs gbfy rhekt nujeg`fts bs H obf. Gy pi`bsur` hf jmhfe tk` wmrc hs j`p`fj`ft mf g` lìh`vhfe hf gy or`jhlhihty3 ha H‘g pi bs`j, H

kmp` bfj tkhfc gmst ma gy r`bj`rs whii l`.Bs @jhtmr, H wbs suoo`ssaui hf lrhfehfe tme`tk`r hf Zmphos tk` omuftry‘s jhspbrbt`

ì`g`fts bfj pmhfts ma vh`w. Bs Tr`shj`ft, H strmfeiy wbft`j tm obrry mf tk` trbjhthmfbihgpmrtbfo` ma tmurfbg`fts, wkhok H sbw bs tk` iha`limmj ma tk` Bssmohbthmf. H kbjf‘t tk` vhshmf

tm try tm mrebfhz` stbt`, hft`rstbt`, bfj fbthmfbi i`beu`s lòbus` H wbs sm turf`j maa ly tk` fmf-tmurfbg`ft piby`r, tk` ròr`bthmfbi/smohbi piby`r.

Ht moours tm g` fmw, tkmuek, tkbt p`rkbps mf` r`bsmf wky I`beu`s kbv` f`v`r obuektmf hf tk` P._. bs tk`y kbv` hf @urmp` hs lòbus` tbli` t`ffhs-piby`rs hf tk` P._. kbv`

Jrbwhfe ly @fhj Okbs`



22

trbjhthmfbiiy l``f suok bf hfjhvhjubi ghx, kbv` omg` armg bii jhaa`r`ft omuftrh`s, mr sòthmfs ma tk` P._. tkbt br` ihc` jhaa`r`ft omuftrh s, tkbt tk`y kbv`f‘t b skbr`j ouitur`‚tk` s`fs` ma pibo`, tk` omggmf ibfeube`, tk` prhj` ma omggufhty‚tkbt i beu`-ghfj`j @urmp`bfs smimybiiy rmmthfe amr tk`hr kmg` t`bg kbv`. J`spht` imobi i`beu` pmoc`ts k`r` bfj tk`r`, b ibre`r omffòthmf‘s ghsshfe. Amr`hef`rs hf tk` P._. r`f`whfe bf hft`r`st hf tbli` t`ffhs tkbt tk`y kbj

hf tk`hr kmgìbfj fmw t`fj tm l` bt i`bst smg`wkbt rmmti`ss. Ht‘s kbrj amr suok piby`rs/spòtbtmrs tm rmmt `ftkushbsthobiiy, tm rbiiy rmufj tk` t`bg aibe wk`f tk`r` hsf‘t b aibe. Bfjwhtkmut t`bgs kbvhfe tk`hr ftkushbstho suppmrt ermup, tk`hr ok``rhfe abfs, tk`hr stblihsk`jrhvbirh`s, ht‘s emhfe tm l` kbrj amr I`beu` mr Z`bg piby tm l` suoo`ssaui. Zk`r`‘s fm bujh`foàmr ht. G`bfwkhi`, tk` tmurfbg`fts em mf amst`rhfe ah`ro` hfjhvhjubi omgp`ththmf, wkhi` P_ZZBmaahohbis omfthfu` tm ibg`ft tk` iboc ma Z`bg _phrht bgmfe mur piby`rs.

@v`rymf` ber``s tk` P_ZZB f``js tm hfor`bs` hts wmàui G`gl`rskhp lbs`‚lut amr

tkr``-qubrt`rs ma b o`ftury tk` Bssmohbthmf‘s immc`j bormss tk` euia, bfj tk` ròr`bthmf piby`rskbv` immc`j lboc. _m> stbi`gbt`. Zhg‘s amr tk` prma`sshmfbi-ghfj`j rbtk`r tkbf tk` bgbtùr-ghfj`j piby`r. K`‘s smg`tkhfe ma b pbrbjmx hf tkbt k`‘s amr tk` omggmf gbf, ure`s `v`ry chfjma hfjhvhjubi vmho` hf Zmphos, lut hs amous`j mf, ymu ghekt sby, ìhthst piby. K` wbfts tm ehv`

btt`fthmf tm tk` l`st piby`rs…imobiiy, rèhmfbiiy, fbthmfbiiy, hft`rfbthmfbiiy.Zbli` Z`ffhs gmv`s hf tk`s` y`brs, H tkhfc, fmt sm guok lòbus` ma ’Thfe-Tmfe

Jhpimgboy‗ wk`r` tkms` mf tk` ’mutshj`‗ omuijf‘t kìp lut fmtho` tk`r` wbs b P_ZZB, bfj,bii hf bii, r`spmfj`j _m Ukbt. Lut, ahrst bfj amr`gmst, lòbus` tk` er`btiy `fibre`j Zmphos ebv`tkms` mf tk` ’hfshj`‗ fbthmf-whj` ròmefhthmf bfj tk`ràmr` `f`rey ‚sm tkbt Trmgmt`rs,Zmurfbg`ft bfj Oiul mrebfhz`rs, Ombok`s, bfj Tiby`rs bii prmaht`j.

Fmw tk r` w`r` sujj`fiy gmr` mppmrtufhth s tm omgp t`, amr B,L,O bfj b vbst rbfe` ma Be` v`fts w`r` omghfe hftm prmghf`fo` bfj whtk tk` mfs`t ma P_ZZB \bthfes wmuij tbc` mf

gmr` g`bfhfe3 tk`r` wbs bf xpbfshmf ma Nufhmr piby3 b whj`spr`bj boo`ptbfo` ma tk` f``j amr prhz` gmf`y3 bfj tk` j`shr` amr tk` Bssmohbthmf tm l` i`ss hsmibt j, sm tkbt mur piby`rs a it tk` uretm em blrmbj bfj

wbft`j tkms` wmrij-oibss piby`rs mv`rs`bstm omg` tm tk` P._. Bs

bii wkm piby`j lòbg`gmr` bwbr` ma tk`tòkfmimehobi bjvbfo`sbvbhibli`, tk`y w`ràmro`j tm lòmg` gmr`btki`tho, bfj, obuekt up

sm, lòmg` g`ftbiiyabst`r tmm, i`ss ibzy,

gmr` vhemrmus hf lmtkmrebfhzhfe gmr`tmurfbg`fts bfj lbrfstmrghfe blmut tm

piby hf tk`g. Hf skmrt,tk`r` wbs b a`ìhfe tkbtP._. Zbli Z`ffhsomuij lòmg` b _pmrt.

Jrbeuthf _url`c> Hs tkhs b str`tok=Tkmtm ly Lmrb Qmnfmvho



2<

Okbpt`r Mf`

2854> F.X. _ugg`r Zmurfbg`fts. 2854> Nbgbhobf Hft`rfbthmfbi Okbgphmfskhps.

Bat`r nugphfe bk`bj, vhb Qmiug` Q, tm omffòt tk` skbr`j P._.-Okhfb ’Thfe-Tmfe

Jhpimgboy‗ Zmurs ma 2852/285<, H r`turf fmw tm wk`r` H‘j iàt maa hf Qmi. HQ, bfj, hf stbrthfetm omv`r tk` 2854-52 s`bsmf, whii lèhf hf tk` F`w Xmrc br`b whtk tk`hr pmst-Fbthmfbi‘stmurfbg`fts.

Bt tk` Zr`ftmf Z`bg Gbtok`s (piby`j Jbvhs Oup styi`), 2854 P._. Mp`f `hektk-ahfbihsts Zhg Lmeebf, E`mre` ’Zk` Okhà‗ Lrbtkwbht`, bfj Aubrfbjm \ml`rts, s`ghahfbihst@rrmi \`s`c, bfj P._. Nufhmr Okbgphmf Ghtok _`bithì w`r` bgmfe tkms` lbttihfe ht mut.@rrmi‘s wha` Nbhrh` hf k`r Zmphos omv`rbe` tìis us tkbt, hf tk` mf` s`gh, Qho Ibfjbu/Bi`x

_khrmcy wmf b oims` th` mv`r _`bithì/_t`v` \hem ibreìy mf tk` str`fetk ma tk`hr jùo` hf tk`?rj jmuli`s whf bfj Bi`x‘s f`br ‟28, <4, 20 shfei`s j`lboi` hf wkhok hf tkbt <fj ebg` k` w`ftarmg 28-2? up tm gbtok-pmhft jmwf làmr` whffhfe.

Hf tk` mtk`r s`gh, @rrmi l`bt lmtk \ml`rts bfj Lrbtkwbht` (wkmg k`‘j bism jà`bt`j,

28 hf tk` :tk

, hf tk` ahfbi ma tk` Imfe Hsibfj Oims`j). Hf tk` jmuli`s, bs P._. Mp`f s`ghahfbihsts(l`bt`f ly tk` whff`rs J-N I``/Ei`ff Omwbf), @rrmi bfj Zhg aheur`j tm l` sihekt abvmrht`s

mv`r E`mre` bfj \mllh`, lut tk`y ahfbiiy imst (bat`r l`hfe jmwf <4-25 gbtok pmhft) <1-<: hftk` ?rj. Lmeebf jrmpp`j twm jùo` ebg`s tm Zk` Okhà, lut hf tk` jòhjhfe gbtok k` ups`t\mllh` twm strbhekt.

Hf tk` ahfbi, ht wbs @rrmi mv`r Bi`x, bfj Zhg mv`r Qho. Zk` jmuli`s gbtok wbs mf`-bphò` wk`f Ibfjbu‘s cf`` stbrt`j lmtk`rhfe khg, bfj k` wbs amro`j tm sby @fmuek! Ht wbs?>44 b.g.

Bt tk` Nuf` Ukht` Tibhfs tmurfbg`ft, kìj mf 0 tbli`s hf tk` bhr-omfjhthmf`j IhibUbiibo` XUOB, f`htk`r Imfe Hsibfj Oims`j whff`r Biho` Er``f fmr ruff`r-up Gbreu`rht` Lurf`tt ma

tk` P.F. `ft`r`j. Zk` Umg`f‘s wbs wmf lyU`stok`st`r‘s _yivhb A`hf`r mv`r Tbt Khij`lrbfj,amrg`r Lbrlbjms stbr wkm‘j `gherbt`j tm Obfbjb

lut, kbvhfe gbrrh`j, wbs fmw, bat`r bf ;-gmftkibymaa, pibyhfe mut ma Tkhibjìpkhb.

Lhee`st surprhs` ma tk` tmurfbg`ft moourr`j hfOibss B whff`r Bibf Lìi‘s ahfbi whtk _`fhmr OkbgpGbroy Gmfbst`rhbi. Bibf‘s up <-4 bfj <4-2? gbtok- pmhft. Ubfts tm em mut whtk khs shefbtur` skmt…`xo`pt

k` jm`sf‘t kbv` b shefbtur` skmt. _m k`‘ii hgprmvhs`‚ whii sgboc mf` hf ihc` b l`bu skmwhfe maa amr khs

ehri…<4-2:, <4-20. Ghss`j twho`‚m.c.,ufj`rstbfjbli`, ht omuij kbpp`f. Lut fmw k` kbs tk`s`rv`…bfj s`rv`-bfj-mf` mppmrtufhth`s…<4-21, <4-25. L`tt`r l` obràui, k= Umuijf‘t wbft tm limw tkhs

`bsy tkr``-ebg`r…<4-2;, <4-28 (Jbgfrhjhouimus!)…<4-<4! Bfj, sur` `fmuek, Gbroy, wkmmfo` ups`t b t`bshfe \`hsgbf, bebhf prmv`s khgsìa bmf`-brg`j lbfjht, st`bis tk` ebg`, hs sthii bihv`.

Bibf Lìi bfj khs ehri



2?

Hf tk` :tk, Lìi obf‘t jm b tkhfe lut try tm ròmv`r armg wkbt k`‘sjmf` hf tk` ?rj. Mf hftm tk` 0tk, bfj, wìi, fmw k`‘s emt khs k`bjtme`tk`r, lut tk` whf‘s fmt bs sbthsayhfe bs ht ghekt kbv` l``f.

Oibss L whff`r hs Imfe Hsibfj‘s tmp Nufhmr, Ebry Bjìgbf, mv`r Brtkur Fh`v`s. Ebry whii smmf amrsbc` tbli` t`ffhs amr t`ffhs bs k`‘s

bir`bjy mf` ma tk` l`st 2:-y`br-mijs hf tk` @bst. ’H a`ì tk`r`‘s fmr`bi g`rht hf l`hfe emmj hf tbli` t`ffhs,‗ Ebry whii ibt`r tìi ImfeHsibfj r`pmrt`r Jmue _ghtk. ’Ha ymu‘r` emmj hf t`ffhs ymu obf whfmv`r $244,4443 ha ymu‘r` emmj hf tbli` t`ffhs, ymu whf $2,444.‗

_hfo` Luch`t hsf‘t `ft`r`j hf, bfj \ml`rts jm`sf‘t skmw amr, tk`?5-`ftry G`f‘s, bfj L`rokhf bfj Ibfjbu br`f‘t bt tk`hr l`st(Ar`jjh` kbsf‘t l``f pibyhfe, bfj Qho kbsf‘t auiiy ròup`rbt`j armg

khs cf`` mp`rbthmf), tk` mf` s`gh‘s kbs Lrbtkwbht` (wkm‘s tbc`f mut_mi _okhaa) vs. _khrmcy (wkm, bat`r k`‘s l`brj`j Lmeebf, biiarh`fjiy-ihc` trh`s tm obig khg jmwf whtk smg` Fut Oiul rbwsufaimw`r s``js). Lmtk E`mre` bfj Bi`x br` jrhfchfe kmf`y làmr`

tk`hr gbtok. Tmsshlhihth`s tk`r` amr l`hfe spmfsmr`j ly bf`ft`rprhshfe bjv`rths`r=

Bi`x, up <-2, omfsughfe bt tk` lr`bc kbia b qubrt ma mrbfe` nuho`, kbs l``f immchfe emmj. Ha E`mre` okmps, Bi`x gmv`s hf abst, immps, tk`f khts mut kbrj,mfo`, twho`, tk`f jrmps. Bitkmuek _khrmcy kbs f`v`r l`bt`f Lrbtkwbht` bfj gbyl` wmf‘t tkhsthg` bs tk`y em hftm tk` 0tk, Bi`x‘s pbtt`rf ma jrhvhfe E`mre` lboc, tk`f obtokhfe khg whtk, bsgy 8-y`br-mij sbys, ’ihtti` lufts,‗ rusk`s khg tm b 24-: i`bj. K`‘s emttb l` a`ìhfe khsvhtbghfs‚hf abot, a`ìs sm emmj tkbt k` lèhfs jmhfe smg` uffò`ssbry bormlbthos…wkhok

lrhfes tk` somr` tm 24-8. Lut k` bebhf luhijs up b i`bj bfj bjgmfhskhfe s ia (’Jmf‘t em whij‗)bjvbfo`s tm tk` ahfbi.

Mf tk` mtk`r shj` ma tk` Jrbw, b trhg, tbff`j, bfj

gustbokhm`j L`rokhf ims`s hf tk` 2st

rmufj tm Jbvhj Tkhihp,amrg`riy ma Zrhfhjbj fmw ma Lrmmciyf. Hftrmjuo`j tm s`rhmus piby ly Lrbtkwbht smg` 2; gmftks bem, Jbv`, wkm imst hf tk` B‘s 28

hf tk` ?rj tm Lìi, ly prbothohfe rèuibriy bt tk` F.X. Oiul kbsj`vìmp`j b emmj immp bfj kbs i`brf`j kmw tm phoc khs skmts.Bfmtk`r ups`t hs rèhst`r`j hf tk` <fj rmufj ly Bi _okwbrtz wkmomg`s armg l`khfj tm l`bt Ibfjbu.

Kmw`v`r, ht‘s \mry Lrbsshfetmf wkm `g`re`s bs tkàhfbihst bebhfst b strbfeìy pbsshv` _khrmcy. Ukbt pmss`ss`s Bi`x

tm lèhf puskhfe whtk \mry H jmf‘t cfmw. Uk`r`‘s khs nuho`= \mrysthaaiy, jàhfhthvìy, okmps `v`ry lbii, whfs tk` 2st. Hf tk` <fj,

Lrbsshfetmf, up 28-21 whtkmut gbchfe mf` maa`fshv` strmc`,sujj`fiy s``s b lbii put twm a``t khek tm khs lbockbfj. K` r`brsup bfj‚ht‘s bs ha k`‘s emhfe tm i`t aiy b Arhsl`` whtk bii khsghekt‚wkhps bormss b lbockbfj tkbt sbhis trbo`r-ihc` imfe.

Amiimws tkbt ly rmbrhfe, ’L@II! E`t bwby armg tk` sbfjwhok tbli`. Jmf‘t tkhfc H jmf‘t cfmwymu‘r` jmhfe ht nust tm bffmy g`.‗ Zwm ghfut`s gmr` bfj \mry‘s i`t Bi`x lboc hftm tk` gbtok.Zk` ?rj ebg`, wmf bt jùo` ly Bi`x, hs `glbrrbsshfeiy auii ma `rrmrs ly lmtk piby`rs. Bt 21-biihf tk` :tk, tk`r`‘s b orbskhfe smufj> Lìi kbs sbt jmwf mf b okbhr tkbt‘s omiibps`j. Armg khs

Oibss L Uhff`r

Ebry BjìgbfTkmtm ly Gm` Trhvhf

Jbv` Tkhihp



2:

pmshthmf mf tk` aimmr, k` kbst fs tm bpmimehz`, tk`fobf‘t r`shst, sbys, ’H jhj ht nust tm bffmy ymu.‗ Jmwf2;-28 Bi`x s`rv s hftm tk` f`t, bfj tk`y em hftm tk`0tk. ’Ukbt obf H tìi ymu=‗ sbys _khrmcy bs k` rmufjstk` tbli`. ’H‘g fmt s`rhmus.‗

Bi`x mp`fs tk` 0

tk

whtk b wkhaa. \mry, up 0-2,s`fs`s vhotmry‚mr jm`s k`= K` gbc`s : puskhfe`rrmrs, hs up 1-0. Zk`f Bi`x wkhaas bfmtk`r. Bfjbfmtk`r. Zk` jr`bjaui piby omfthfu`s ufthi mf` ahfbi`rrmr ly Bi`x biimws \mry tm whf 28 hf tk` 0tk.Zkmuek Lrbsshfetmf gby oì`lrbt` whtk b shx-pboc mr twm, ht hs fmt b g`gmrbli` tmurfbg`ft.

Lbj piby hs mf` tkhfe. Kmrr`fjmus, okbmthoomfjhthmfs bfmtk`r. Biimw g` tm lrhfe ymu tk` FXO_ugg`r Kmihjby Mp`f‚wkhok hs b g`gmrbli`tmurfbg`ft, kìj hf tk` sult`rrbf`bf j`ptks ma

Eushcmaa‘s Oiul, mr wkbt wbs mfo` khs Oiul tk`r` hftk` lbs`g`ft ma tk` \hv`rshj` Tibzb Kmtì mf 5?rj _t.

maa Lrmbjwby. Fm, tk` Oiul hs fmt baahihbt`j whtk tk` P_ZZB (omsts smg`lmjy $24), lut twm w``cs

làmr` tk` tmurfbg`ft w` jm wbft tm jm tk` rhekt tkhfe, e`t tk` tmurfbg`ft sbfothmf`j. U`gbc` up bfj lèhf kbfjhfe mut `ftry libfcs wkhi` w` try tm e`t kmij ma tk` \èhmfbiJhròtmr‚mr, abhihfe tkbt, bt i`bst e`t tm smg`mf` wkm cfmws khg, wbrfhfe tkbt smg`mf`wkhi` w`‘r` bt ht tkbt tk`r`‘s bfmtk`r smg`mf` k`r` hf F`w Xmrc wkm wbfts tm pufok tkbt

\èhmfbi Jhròtmr hf tk` fms` tk` ghfut` k` s`ts ammt hf mur Oiul‚wkhok, f``ji`ss tm sby, k`jm`sf‘t.

U` gbc` tk` omffòthmf bfj mur okòc tbc`s obr` ma tk` sbfothmf‚bat`r bii, skmrt

fmtho` mr fmt, tk` P_ZZB obf us` tk` $?0. Kmw`v`r, ht‘s tru` w` jhjf‘t botubiiy piby whtkbpprmv`j lbiis, bfj o`rtbhfiy w` kbj ihtti` us` amr b Zmurfbg`ft \à`r``, `v`f kbj suok b p`rsmf l``f tk`r` amr tk` ahrst jby ma tk` tmurfbg`ft.

U`‘r` fmt phocy hf F`w Xmrc Ohty. U` ihv` bfj i`t ihv`‚gmst ma tk` thg`. Xmu cfmw,okbfe` oimtk`s ly Zbli` 2 (obràui blmut tk` just tkmuek). Zk` ehris‚wmg`f‚tk`y‘r` fmt nmocs, gmr` mat`f tkbf fmt tk`y cfmoc làmr` tk`y em hftm tk` mf` bvbhibli` nmkf. Zkhs Oiul hsmur obgp-mut kmg`‚w` `xpòt tm rmuek ht b ihtti`.

Amrtufbtìy, w`‘r` fmt emhfe tm l` kmijhfe tk` tmurfbg`ft nust hf tk` :-tbli` Oiul prmp`r‚lut kbv` tk` us` ma tk` spbohmus 0-tbli eyg hf tk` sul-lbs`g`ft. H‘j l st bjj rhekt

bwby tkbt H‘g bt tk` v`ry wkhripmmi o`ft`r ma ht bii. Hf `xokbfe` amr ruffhfe tk` tmurfbg`ft Hwbs e`tthfe ar`` `ftrh`s bfj sm w`r` gy twm lmys‚bfj, lìh`v` ht mr fmt, ht wmuij kbv` omst

us $?5.04 tm `ft`r tk` `v`fts w` wbft`j tm. Ma omurs` H wbs l`hfe prbothobi, lut H r`biiy ihc`gbchfe up jrbws, ahfjhfe mut wkm tk` piby`rs br`, e`tthfe bii tk` gbtok`s piby`j smg`kmw‚Hr`biiy ihc` mrebfhzhfe.

Bfj k`r` wbs smg`tkhfe tkbt f``j`j mrebfhzhfe. Amr, bs ht turf`j mut, w` omuij fmt

kbv` tk` eyg jmwfstbhrs. Ht wbs nust mf` ma tkms` tkhfes w` kbjf‘t okòc`j mf. Zk` mwf`r wbs emsk-jbrf`j gbj bt us. Bfj fm wmfj`r. Ukm`v`r rbf tk` ibst tmurfbg`ft iàt tkhfes hf bt`rrhli` g`ss. Tiby`rs, spòtbtmrs‚tk`y‘j wbft`j tm `bt, jrhfc, tbic, sgmc`, ihtt`r‚wbft`j, hfskmrt, tm l` bt b spmrthfe `v`ft.

Ukht` Tibhfs Mp`f G`f‘s Okbgphmf,

\mry LrbsshfetmfTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



20

_m wkbt bg H tm jm= _mg`tkhfe mr fmtkhfe= Oi`briy w`‘ii try tm piby tk` B‘s bfj L‘s,tk` B/L Omfsmibthmfs, bfj tk` B Jmuli`s bs kbj l``f sok`jui`j. H stbrt tk` gbtok`s wk`r` Hobf, bt 0>?4, kbia bf kmur làmr` tk`y‘r` `xpòt`j tm em maa.

Fhekt omg`s mf. Bs tk` suf em`s jmwf, gmr` piby`rs brrhv`, ht e ts kmtt`r. T`mpi` p``c hf armg tk` eyg, tk` k`bitk oiul f`xt jmmr‚hs tkhs tk` st`bg rmmg= Zk`r` br` mv`r :4 piby`rs

hf tk` B‘s, mv`r :4 hf tk` L‘s. _mmf ht hs tmm kmt amr smg`. Zk`y wmuij ihc` tm piby bfj i`bv`.Uk`f ghekt tk`y piby tk`hr f`xt gbtok=H bfsw`r tk` pkmf`. Ht rhfes b imt‚bs ha `bok thg` smg` ure`ft g`ssbe` wbs tryhfe tm

e`t tkrmuek tm smg`mf`. ’F`w Xmrc Zbli` Z`ffhs.‗…’F`w Xmrc Zbli` Z`ffhs.‗’Hs ht tmm ibt` tm `ft`r=‗ bscs b vmho`.’Ma omurs` fmt,‗ H sby. ’Omg` mf jmwf.‗H c``p e`tthfe up armg tk` j`sc, gbc` sur` tkbt, sby, Gr. Abotmr cfmws Gr. Ok`f,

gbc` sur` tk`y r`bihz` tk`y‘r` f`xt mf Zbli` < (wkhok hs gbrc`j Zbli` 1). Gr. _hiv`rst`hftkhfcs ht wmuij l` fho` ha H‘j put khg bebhfst Gr. Gmf`t wkmg k` tkhfcs k` ghekt l`bt. H ber``tkbt, y`s, tkhfes omuij l` fho`r. H strhp tm tk` lbr` wbhst, omfsohmus tkbt H‘v` imw siufe pbfts mfbfj tkbt tk` P_ZZB Qho`-Tr`shj`ft‘s nmoc`y skmrts br` skmwhfe tm g`f bfj wmg`f H‘v` f`v`r

s``f làmr` wkm‘v` omg` tm wbtok.Ht‘s thg` amr Gr. Gbjmfbjm‘s gbtok. Lut Gr.

Gbijmfbjm hs fmt tm l` s``f. ’K` gby fmt omg`,‗ sbys khsarh`fj. Lhii Gbrihfs wbics hf, bfj, kbvhfe amufj mut tk`r`‘sb tmurfbg`ft, lòmg`s Gr. Gbijmfbjm. ’Ukbt‘s tk`jàbuit prmo`jur`=‗ smg`mf` bscs. H gbfùv`r rmufj khg.

’Fm, fm jrbw sk``ts br` pmst`j.‗ U` kbv` fm jrbwsk``ts. Mfiy gy sorhlli`j mf sihps ma pbp`r. Moobshmfbiiy,

quhoc euzzihfe b omc`, H tbc` \mgbf ihl`rth`s. Bf ;tk‘s piby`r (’H‘ii piby bfylmjy lut khg‗) e`ts hftm bfmtk`r ;tk‘s3twm piby`rs armg b 21tk‘s, tk`y‘r` armg tk` sbg` Imfe

Hsibfj oiul‚rhekt, mut mf` ma ymu em`s, hs pibo`jìs`wk`r`.

_`v`f kmurs ibt`r, tk` B‘s bfj tk` L‘s br` piby`j

mut tm tk` qubrt`r‘s3 tkms` hf tk` Omfsmibthmf kbv` l``f prmp`riy omfsmi`j3 bfj H kbv` piby`j b suoo`ssaui jmuli sgbtok whtk gy mij`r smf wkm `brih`r H kbj s`ft,okbp`rmf`j, mut tm tk` Er`bt Ukht` Uby, tm tk` gmvh`’Jmwfkhii \bo`r,‗ blmut b sch okbgphmf.

Nufhmrs bfj tk` r`st lèhf piby bt 8>?4 hf tk` gmrfhfe.

_`fhmr K`fry Jùtsok sbys k`‘s emhfe tm obii g` hf tk` gmrfhfe. Ha H jmf‘t e`t tk`jmwfstbhrs eyg k`‘s fmt omghfe lboc. ’\hekt, K`fry,‗ H sby, bfj whsk khg emmjfhekt.

F`xt gmrfhfe ht‘s bs ha Abt`‘s bebhfst us. H tbc` tk` kmur‘s quhoc rhj` armg sulurlhbwhtk gy lmys hf b jrhvhfe rbhfstmrg. Kbvhfe brrhv`j hf Gbfkbttbf, sm hft`ft bg H hf jbskhfearmg gy obr tkrmuek tk` rbhf, H kurry tm imoc tk` jmmrs (tkhs hs F`w Xmrc, H jmf‘t amre`t tkbt)bfj i`bv` gy c`ys hf tk` obr.

Zk` spmfsmr kbs ehv`f g` tk` c`ys tm tk` Oiul tkmuek‚tkbt‘s tk` hgpmrtbft tkhfe‚ bfj H kbv` mfiy tm mp`f tk` jmmr. _mmf tk` _t`rfs, tk` ^bcbrhfs, tk` Erbkbgs, tk` Kmus`s, tkÈvhijys, tk` Li`n`rs, tk` Umias kbv` nmhf`j gy smfs bfj g` amr tk` Nufhmr piby. Ht‘s v`ry guokb abghiy muthfe. _mrt ma bf hfjmmr rbhfy phofho‚omaa``, mrbfe` nuho`, jbfhsk.

\by Gbijmfbjm> tkhfcs k`‘s gbj` tk`

rhekt gmv` ly stbyhfe bwby armg tk`

tmurfbg`ft=



21

H pbhr tk` ihtti` mf`s whtk tk` ihtti` mf`s3 tk` l`tt`r piby`rs whtk tkms` wkm kbv` okbfo`stm whf trmpkh`s. Zk`r` br`, sm tm sp`bc, gmjhah`j rmufj rmlhfs‚whtk mfiy tk` imeho ma bj`sp`rbt` gbf tryhfe tm c``p ht bii hf twm-kmur lbibfo`.

Ihtti` ;-y`br-mij Tbui Evhijys pibys v`ry wìi. Armg thg` tm thg` k` hs st`rfiy ombok`j(hf Ibtvhbf=) ly khs abtk`r. ’Br`f‘t ymu pibyhfe bfy gmr`, Trbfbs=‗ H bsc khg, r`g`gl`rhfe khs

bfeuhsk`j abo` ma 20-<4 y`brs bem. Fm, k` kbs ehv`f ht up‚fm r`bsmf `xbotiy.Gy 8-y`br-mij _omtt hs fmt l`bthfe Zhggy Kmus`. Khs abtk`r, b prma`ssmr, shts wbtokhfe(k` bfj H br` smg`tkhfe ma bit`r-èms3 lmtk Mkhmbfs, w` cf`w mf` bfmtk`r y`brs bem‚lutLml fm imfe`r pibys hf tmurfbg`fts). _omtt hs ourshfe bat`r v`ry pmhft. Ht jm`s fmt immc emmj.Ht jm`s fmt immc emmj tm g`. Bfj tkmuek H tmm wìi ufj`rstbfj ht, H jmf‘t ihc` ht. Bat`r tk`gbtok _omtt bfj H s``c tk` prhvboy ma tk` nmkf. Hts urhfbis jmf‘t biwbys wmrc lut tk`r` br`jhshfaòtbfts. ’T`mpi` jmf‘t ihc` ht!‗ H tìi khg. ’@spòhbiiy armg b chj!‗ K` bir`bjy cfmws, bt

8, `v`rytkhfe H‘g tìihfe khg.Zk` ^bcbrhfs, w`r` ht nust amr tk`gsìv`s, wmuij fmt kbv` omg`. Ht‘s amr tk`hr lmys‚

tkbt‘s wky tk`y‘r` k`r`. Zk`r` br` vbiu`s tm l` kbj hf tk` lbs`g`fts bfj sul-lbs`g`fts ma tk`wmrij.

@rho, gy mtk`r smf, nust turf`j 5, hs pibyhfe bf mij`r lmy. @rho‘s whffhfe‚bfj hstk`ràmr` bsc`j tm lèhf s`rvhfe prmp`riy. H, wbtokhfe, kbv` biwbys l``f i``ry ma rui`s. H immc

mf tk`g bs b fò`ssbry `vhi, b g`bfs tm bf `fj, tm try tm c``p smoh`ty hftbot. H‘g kbrjiy bfhffmvbthv` mr bjv`fturmus p`rsmf, lut nust bs H jmf‘t tkhfc ymu obf t`bok wrhthfe, gbc` tk`

@rho LmeebfTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf

Ghc` _t`rfTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf

Nàa ^bcbrhfTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf

Tbui EvhijysTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf

Trbfbs Evhijys _omtt Lmeebf Zhggy Kmus`



25

wmrjs omg` bihv`, ly amoushfe mf erbggbr, sm H‘g sc`pthobi ma sm-obii`j pr`sorhpthmfs amr tk`rhekt wby tm i`bj mf`‘s iha`, mr t`bok mf`‘s chj.

Bt kmg`, H‘j nust emtt`f @rho (ihc` _omtt làmr` khg) tm mur gbc`skhat lbs`g`ft tbli`,biwbys kmp`j k`‘j kbv` auf‚wìi, s`rhmus auf. H‘j f`v`r wbft`j tm chii ht amr khg. Fmw tk` lbii hs wmllihfe rmufj khs sgbii, mutstr`tok`j kbfj. Bfj sujj`fiy ht‘s bs ha, tk`r` hf tkbt

lbs`g`ft, k` a`ìs bii tk` stmrh j w`hekt ma tk` wmrij blmv`. K` omg`s maa tk` tbli b ims`r,skbchfe, oryhfe. Lut k` kbs rbiih`j armg 20-<4 gbtok-pmhft jmwf tm 2;-<4. K` kbs fmtj`spbhr`j.

Bfmtk`r abtk`r, Gr. _t`rf‚k` jhjf‘t piby hf tk` tmurfbg`ft `htk`r‚trh`s tm i`t khs lmyem khs mwf wby. Bfj Ghc`, khs 24-y`br-mij, jm`s jm tkbt l`buthauiiy‚ehv`s b ebg` tm gy smfsm k`‘ii e`t khs k`bj tme`tk`r bfj gbc` tk` gbtok gmr` 28-28 hf tk` ? rj hft`r`sthfe.

Lut wk`f khs lmy pibys tk` guok gmr` jhaahouit tm l`bt Nàa ^bcbrhf, tk` Imfe Hsibfj

Pfj`r 2? Okbgphmf, Gr. _t`rf bppibujs pmhft bat`r pmhft hf `fomurbe`g`ft‚guok bs H whtkgy oi`fok`j ahst jm whtk _omtt mr @rho. Nàa‘s ymufe`r lrmtk`r, Okuoc, be` ;, mf k`brhfe tkbtNàa kbs imst, hs khgsìa ups`t, oryhfe. Bfj ht‘s tkhs jhsbppmhftg`ft, tkhs pbhf, tkbt smg`kmw hs bvbiu`=

Gr. Qbf Emr, bfmtk`r abtk`r, hs pmhfthfe mut tm khs lmy wkm kbs `ft`r`j b Jmuli`s`v`ft mf khs mwf, ’Jmf‘t ymu `v`r jm tkbt tm g` bebhf!‗

Bfj H‘g sbyhfe, ’Uìi, ht‘s r`biiy gmr` gy abuit tkbf khs. H smrt ma pusk`j khg hftm ht.‗Zm wkhok Gr. Qbf Emr sbys smg`tkhfe ihc`, ’K`‘s mij `fmuek tm tbc` tk` r`spmfshlhihty.

Jmf‘t ymu t`bok ymur okhijr`f tkbt=‗H jmf‘t r`piy, bfj Gr. Qbf Emr‘s rk`tmrhobi qu`sthmf sihps bwby. Zkmuek H‘g tkhfchfe hf

tbfj`g whtk khg, H‘g fmt hf p`raòt ber``g`ft whtk khg. Amr H‘v` f`v`r hf gy iha` sbhj tm gychjs, ’Jmf‘t `v`r jm tkbt tm g` bebhf!‗ Amr, ha ly okbfo` tk`y jhj, H wmuijf‘t cfmw kmw mr

wky tm obrry mut gy jbrc`st tkr`bt. Bfj y`t Gr. Qbf Emr hs surìy rhekt‚mf` kbs tm i`brf tm l` r`spmfshli .

Zhg` em`s ly. Zk` ymufe

p`mpi` whii erbjubiiy l` r pibo`j ly ermwf-ups. _urprhs`! Zk`spmfsmr brrhv`s‚sbys, y`s, w`

obf kbv` tk` eyg jmwfstbhrs!K`fry Jùtsok, wkm ma omurs`kbs jòhj`j tm bpp`br bfywby‚ omg` rhekt jmwf tm ht, k`‘j rbtk`r piby tkbf fmt‚hs, wìi, sthii fmtquht` jìhekt`j. K` susphohmfs

omrròtiy tkbt ht whii l` b imfe jby.Zk`r` hs fm imujsp`bc`r

l`tw``f aimmrs lut g`, gy vmho ,tryhfe tm e`t piby`rs tme`tk`r amr lboc-up gbtok`s‚g` yìihfe fmt24 a``t bwby armg Zbli` 2. Zk`

lbrrh`rs= Zk`r` br`f‘t bfy l`tw``f tbli`s. Bfj tk`r`‘s fm wby tm e`t tm, sby, Zbli` 0 lut tm piby, bs ht w`r`, \`j ihekt, Er``f ihekt pbst Zbli`s 2-<-?-:. T`rkbps ymu obf hgbehf` kmw p`mpi` br` tbichfe‚tkmuek ht‘s prmlbliy tk` l`st-ruf tmurfbg`ft tk`y‘v` kbj hf F`w Xmrc Ohty amr y`brs, bt i`bst armg tk` pmhft ma vh`w ma quhociy e`tthfe gbtok`s mf bfj maa tk` tbli`s.

K`fry Jùtsok

Tkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



2;

’_HI@FO@!‗ rmbrs \mryLrbsshfetmf wkm, i`bjhfe tkÒbfbjhbf Okbgp Ibrry I`` twmebg`s tm mf`, hs mf khs wby tmimshfe hf tk` 0tk. Zk` v`ry

amufjbthmfs ma tk` pibo` muekt tmskbc`‚lut fmt tk` p`mpi`, tk`y‘rùfgmv`j.

Gr. Lrho`fm, tk` amrg`r @oubjmrhbf Okbgp, hs puzzi`j lyht bii. Ht‘s bs ha k`‘s f`v`r s``fbfytkhfe ihc` ht hf tk` Bg`rhobs. K`

jm`sf‘t `v`f ufj`rstbfj wkbt tk``v`fts br`. _uppms` k` ims`s, wkbt

br` tk` rui`s k`r`= K` hs pibyhfe hf tk` ahfbi ma tk` B‘s bebhfst Ourths GoF`br. ’Fm, fm, Gr.Lrho`fm!‗ H rusk up pbst tkr`` tbli`s (’I`t!‗… ’I`t!‗…’I`t!‗) ’Gr. Lrho`fm, ymu emt l`bt hf

tk` s`gh‘s! Gr. \bm…K@\@, G\. \BM!…Gr. \bm pibys Gr. GoF`br.‗Gr. GoF`br jm`sf‘t obr` wkm k` pibys. _m imfe bs tk`r`‘s bf ugphr` k` ihc`s mr bt

i`bst jm`sf‘t jhsihc`. Fmt tkmuek tkbt k` f``js bf ugphr`, mr rà`r``, k`‘s biwbys gbfbe`j pr`tty wìi ly khgsìa. Oyrhi I`j`rgbf‘s ihst ma qubihah`j ugphr`s‚ymu obf us` tkbt, r`bj tkbthf tk` nmkf3 Ourths wbfts tm s`` tk` gbf abo` tm abo`, tk`f w`‘ii s`` wkbt kbpp`fs.

GoF`br, kmw`v`r, hs fmt whtkmut kmfmr. K` vbiu`s, amr `xbgpi`, ’erbo` ufj`r pr`ssur`‗‚b str`fetk wkhok, wk`tk`r Ourths cfmws ht mr fmt, k` emt hf smg` g bsur` armg khsmppmf`ft Bi _okwbrtz jurhfe tk`hr jhsput`j gbtok.

Bs tk` f`rvmus kmurs pbss, tk` omft`sts tk`r` hf tk` j`ptks omfthfu`. Ohvhihzbthmfuithgbtìy pr`vbhis. Tiby`rs gby yìi bt spòtbtmrs (’I@M!‗) bfj spòtbtmrs gby yìi lboc (’PTXMP\_!‗). Lut, hf`xmrbliy, euhj`j ly tk` Gbst`r Jhròtmr‘s kbfj, tk` tmurfbg`ft wmlli`s tm

b omfoiushmf.Ukbt, H wmfj`r, jhj Tbuihf` _mgbì bfj k`r ihtti` \ho` Ok`x ehri wkm jrmpp`j ly tkhfc

ma ht bii= Zk` fbg`s ma tk` wmg`f piby`rs‚tk`y w`r` ufabghihbr, sbhj Tbuihf`, wkm‘s l``f mut

ma tk` Ebg` amr b wkhi`. Bfj biwbys tk`r` w`r` tkms` wkm obg` tm g` wbfthfe tm cfmw wk`f tk`y omuij piby

sm tk`y omuij i`bv`. Bfj tkms`, tmm, wkm (ihchfe wkbt tk`y sbw=) wbft`j tm nmhf tk` P_ZZB‚ bfj jhj H kbv` okbfe` amr b tw`fty=

Bs fhekt bebhf hs omghfe mf, mr s``gs tm l`, H‘g tbichfe tm Gr. Qbf Emr. K` wbfts tmcfmw wk`r` khs okhijr`f br` suppms`j tm piby. Zk` Nufhmr Jmuli`s br` sthii emhfe mf. Zk`y‘v`

l``f kìj lboc amr b wkhi`, lut fmw tk`y r biiy gust l` piby`j. ’_`fj tk` chjs upstbhrs!‗skmuts smg`lmjy f`xt tm g`. Zm tkbt kmt kmus`, H tkhfc, fm wby‚bfj nust tk`f H k`br

smg`mf` mut tk`r` mf tk` aimmr yìihfe bt g`.’_kut tk` juoc up!‗ Bt i`bst tkbt‘s wkbt mf` ghekt kbv` tkmuekt k` sbhj tm g`. ’_kut

tk` juoc up!‗ Bfj, wìi, bs H‘g immchfe hftm Gr. Qbf Emr‘s `y`s, H wbsf‘t blmut tm tbc` tkbtquboc omffmtbthmf. H wbsf‘t s`r`fìy aimbthfe mf str`bg, bfj H wbsf‘t b quboc. Bfj sm rhshfe

up bfj bjjr`sshfe wkm`v`r ht wbs mut tk`r` sor`bghfe amr shi`fo`, H skmut`j bt tk` tmp ma gyvmho`, ’Mk, emskjbrfht! Mk, emskjbrfht! Zkhs piby`r wbfts quh`t! Zkhs piby`r wbfts quh`t!‗Bfj kbvhfe emtt`f tkbt pmhsmf mut ma gy syst`g H r`sug`j tbichfe quht` r`bsmfbliy tm Gr. QbfEmr.

Ourths GoF`br



28

Bii emmj tkhfes omg` tm bf `fj, bfj H k`brj ibt`r tkbt tk` tmurfbg`ft wbs mv`r whtkbrmufj 24>44 p.g.‚wkhok k`r` hf tk` Ohty gust kbv` s`t smg` smrt ma ròmrj. Fm, ht wbsf‘t behv`-up mf gy pbrt, ht wbs shgpiy tkbt tk` tmurfbg`ft kbj prmer`ss`j tm wk`r` ht jhjf‘t f``jg` bfj H, `bshfe tk` pr`ssur`, o`rtbhfiy jhjf‘t f``j ht.

H iàt `briy, brmufj 5>?4. X`s, gy sw``t wha` kbj tbc`f tk` trbhf hf armg Imfe Hsibfj,

bfj mp`f`j tkbt kmt obr H kbj trbpp`j gysìa whtk. ’Zhg wbs g`bf tm g`,‗ sk` omfahj`j tmL`rfh`, bfj Luch`t, sghihfe, bs ha k`‘j s``f g` t`sty làmr`, sbhj tm k`r, ’Xmu omg` kmg` whtkg`.‗ _m H w`ft whtk gy abghiy lboc tm sulurlhb. Amur amrty-ahv` hf tk` gmrfhfe, tkbt‘s wk`f Hwbs e`tthfe up. Gy kmihjby w``c`fj wbs mv`r. Fmw, ihc` gmst mtk`r p`mpi`, H kbj wmrc tmjm.

\`suits>G`f‘s> L`rfh` Luch`t mv`r Qho Ibfjbu. Umg`f‘s> Khibry Omk`f

mv`r Tbt Khij`lrbfj. Ghx`j Jmuli`s> Ibrry I``/Omk`f mv`r Jbv` Ebschii/Khij`lrbfj. B _hfei`s> Gmkbf \bm mv`r Ourths GoF`br. L _hfei`s> GbrtyZk`hi mv`r Brtkur Fh`v`s. B-L Jmuli`s> Fh`v`s/\bm mv`r GoF`br/Tkhihp._`fhmr‘s> K`fry Jùtsok mv`r E`rbrjm Lrho`fm. G`f‘s Omfsmibthmf>

Jùtsok mv`r T`t` Omk`f. B-L Omfsmibthmf> Hrwhf Umia mv`r Bibf Gmrbf.Nufhmr 25> Nàa ^bcbrhf mv`r Zhggy Kmus`. Nufhmr 20> Ghc` _t`rf mv`r

Kmus`. Nufhmr 2?> Kmus` mv`r ^bcbrhf. Nufhmr Jmuli`s> Ghc` bfj Gurhì_t`rf mv`r Kmus`/_omtt Lmeebf.

Nbgbhobf Hft`rfbthmfbi OkbgphmfskhpsGmvhfe mf, H ghekt bs wìi em amr bfmtk`r ufusubi, lut r`biiy auf

sugg`r tmurfbg`ft‚`spòhbiiy shfo` Lrbtkwbht`, \`s`c, bfj \ml`rts

kbv` l``f hfvht`j tm ht. Zkhs mf`‘s tk` Nbgbhobf Hft`rfbthmfbi Okbgphmfskhps l`hfe piby`j hfChfestmf tkbt‘s wrhtt`f up amr Zmphos (_`pt.-Mot., 2854,21) ly @rrmi‘s wha` Nbhrh` bfj \mllh`.

Zk` mtk`r tmp Bg`rhobf piby`r hfvht`j wbs NmkfZbff`khii, lut shfo` khs iueebe` ’omuijf‘t c``p up whtkkhg, armg Oi`vìbfj tm F`w Xmrc tm Chfestmf…k` wbs

hftm @rrmi‘s oimtk`s amr tk` lèhffhfe ma mur trhp.‗ Fm prmli`g hj`fthayhfe khgsìa bt tk` Nbgbhob bhrpmrt,tkmuek, amr tk`r` wbsf‘t bfy oustmgs hfspòthmf. Bat`r l`hfe maa`r j ’b rug jrhfc mr twm,‗ tk` pbrty wbsjrhv`f, ’bs ha ly Emj‘s `somrt, jmwf tk` ghjji` ma btwm ibf` khekwby, whtk obrs arbfthobiiy omghfe bfj

emhfe, tm tk` jmwftmwf Chfestmf Kmtì, wìi cfmwfamr hts fhekt iha` `ft`rtbhfg`ft. Zkbt bfj tk` pmmi gbj`

ht b emmj pibo` tm stby.‗Zk` s`v`rbi jbys ma piby tmmc pibo` hf ’tk`

Br`fb f`xt tm tk` _moo`r _tbjhug, ufj`r p`raòttmurfbg`ft omfjhthmfs (`xo`pt amr bf moobshmfbi

‛lrmwf-mut,‘ smg` smrt ma Omf-@jhsmf-ihc` pmw`r abhiur`).‗ Lèhffhfe xkhlhthmfs bfj wbrg-up gbtok`ss``g`j tm hfor`bs` spòtbtmr bppròhbthmf, bfj i`j tm, ahrst, b F`w Xmrc vs. U`st Hfjh`sGbtok, bfj tk`f tk` oihgbotho Hft`rfbthmfbi Okbgphmfskhps.

Hrwhf Umia

Nmkf Zbff`khii bfj arh`fjTkmtm ly L`rt Nbomls



<4

F`w Xmrc (Lrbtkwbht`, \`s`c, Zbff`khii) wmf 0-< bebhfsttk` U`st Hfjh`s (Zrhfhjbj‘s J`r`c J`_hivb, bfj Nbgbhob‘s Mrvhii`’I`s‗ Kbsibg, bfj \mllh`).’\`s`c bfj Zbff`khii l`bt \ml`rts, bfjbii tkr`` P._. stbrs l`bt tk` smg`wkbt gmmjy mf-maa J`_hivb.‗\ml`rts stmpp`j Lrbtkwbht`, b pmpuibr whf, lut ht wbs tk`

kbfjsmg`, xo`pthmfbiiy aht, Imfjmf-lbs`j Kbsibg tkbt tk` ormwjma ?,444 wbft`j tm s`` hf bothmf. T`mpi` `v`rywk`r`, ’hf tk` str``tsbfj hf tk` kmtìs…wkm wbft`j tm l`t‚bfj l`t k`bvhiy‚c`ptbschfe \mllh` ha Zbff`khii omuij tbc` b ebg` maa Kbsibg mr pmsshliy v`f whf tk` gbtok.‗ Zm wkhok \mllh` wmuij r`piy tkbt,’X`s, k` omuij tbc` b ebg` bt i`bst.‗

Kmw`v`r, hf tkhs U`st Hfjh`s Gbtok, ’Kbsibg‘s sprhfehfe

immp armg b squbt pmshthmf, khs tr`bok`rmus shj`-sphf s`rv` prmv`jabr tmm guok amr Nmkf tm kbfji` bfj tk` gbtok wbs turf`j hftm bf`xkhlhthmf.‗ B sgbrt gmv`, amr p`rkbps gbfy hf tk` bujh`fo` w`ròmfvhfo`j tkbt Zbff`khii wmuijf‘t l` skmwhfe ’khs r`bi stuaa‗ ufthi

tk` Hft`rfbthmfbi tk` amiimwhfe fhekt, wk`f ma omurs` tk`y‘j l` lboc tm wbtok.Zm g`, tk` gmst hft`r`sthfe pbrt ma tkhs Chfestmf omv`rbe`, bfj mf` tkbt w` hf tk` P._.

omuij tbc` b i`ssmf armg, obf l` s``f hf tk` amiimwhfe twm pbrberbpks>

Trmgmt`r Lbz (Luzz) Aròci`tmf, _òr`tbry ma tk` Nbgbhobf Bssmohbthmf,skr`wjiy rbf tk` w``c imfe gbtok`s tm pi`bs` tk` tkmusbfjs ma whijiy sor`bghfe, upmf tk`hr a``t spòtbtmrs. Ha tk`y wbft`j b ihtti` ZQ `xkhlhthmf stuaa k` ebv` ht tm tk`g. Ha tk`y wbft`j s`rhmus piby k` ebv` ht tm tk`g. Abfs ihc` tkhs ymu f`v`r sbw hf tk` _tbt`s.

Tbhj btt`fjbfo` ihc` tkhs ymu f`v`r sbw hf tk` _tbt`s.‛T`bfuts! Tmpomrf! Obfjh`s! _w``ts!‘ Xmu omuij kbrjiy k`br tk` v`fjmrs amr

tk` `xoht`g`ft. Ht wbs bii sm guok ihc` b fhekt ebg` hf smg` fmt sm ihiy-wkht` spmrt.

Biwbys jrbgbtho, biwbys hft`r`sthfe, tk` gmr` sm lòbus`‚mk, ymu omuij tìi armgtk`hr l`buthaui abo`s‚tk` spòtbtmrs ràus`j tm l` lmr`j, hfshst`j mf hfvmivhfetk`gsìv`s hf tk` ebg`. Gmr`mv`r, lòbus` tk`r` wbs mfiy mf` tbli` hf us` bok fhekt

mf` s`fs`j biwbys b rhfe ma xoht`g`ft rmufj tk` omglbtbfts.‗

G`f‘s _hfei`s piby wmuij ma omurs` khekihekt tk` tmurfbg`ft. Lut tk`r` wbs b G`f‘sJmuli`s ahfbi‚wmf ?-2 ly Kbsibg/Lrbtkwbht` mv`r \ml`rts/J`_hivb. Bfj tk`r` wbs bUmg`f‘s ahfbi tmm. Gmfhob J`_muzb, wkmg w`‘j s``f piby hf tk` P._., ’jà`bt`j aìimwEuybfhbf Jmr``f Okmwkbk wkm, mfiy twm w``cs làmr` hf Lbrlbjms, wmf tk` U`st Hfjh`s

Okbgphmfskhp.‗ Gs. Okmwkbk sbhj sk` ’jhjf‘t ihc` tm l` b Okbgphmf.‗ Mk= Uky fmt=Lòbus` tk`f, sk` sbhj, ’`v`rylmjy‘s bebhfst ymu.‗

Hf tk` G`f‘s, ht o`rtbhfiy immc`j ihc` tk` pbrthohpbfts wbft`j tm l` Okbgphmfs, bfjw`r` tr`bt`j boomrjhfeiy. \ml`rts, pibyhfe whtk b kbrj lbt, mf l`bthfe J`_hivb bfj r`turfhfe tmkhs l`fok, ’kbj tm stbfj up bfj lmw tm tk` ormwj.‗ Ma omurs` tk`r` w`r` ups`ts bfj f`br ups`ts tkbt pi`bs`j tk` ormwj. @rrmi, wkmg tk` imobi pbp`rs kbhi`j bs omghfe fmt armg tk`

Jmghfhobf \`puliho lut armg Kufebry, bfj wkm hf prbotho` kbj twho` kìj Ghc` Lbpthstùfj`r 24, ufboomuftbliy imst tm khg, 2;, 28, hf tk` bii tmm r`bi gbtok.

Bs amr Lrbtkwbht`, k`‘j l``f hf trmuli` whtk ’ibfcy omiièhbf‗ Ebrtk Hsbbos wkm jmwf20-0 hf khs gbtok whtk Zbff`khii kbj rbiih`j tm 28-bii làmr` imshfe. Lut jmwf 2;-21 hf tk` ? rj,

J`r`c J`_hivb

Armg tk` 285< Obrhll`bf

Okbgphmfskhps Trmerbg



<2

’Zk` Okhà‗ stbys amous`j bfj jm`sf‘t biimw Ebrtk bfmtk`r pmhft. Zk`f gmr` trmuli` amr E`mre` bebhfst tk` ’`v`r-sghihfe Ghc` Lbpthst`, biwbys b ommi, tkhfchfe piby`r.‗ Lut’E`mre`‘s jà`fs` prmv`j tmm smihj,‗ bfj hf l`bthfe Lbpthst` hf ?, E`mre` tbc`s ?rj pibo` hf tk`tmurfbg`ft.

Zk` ahfbi ma omurs` hs l`tw``f Kbsibg bfj Zbff`khii, bfj ht‘s sbhj tkbt 0,444 spòtbtmrs

kbv` omg` tm wbtok. U`r` tk` 1‘,?‗, <24-pmufj Kbsibg wkm rufs b tbli` t`ffhs oihfho hfImfjmf ’hft`r`st`j hf gbchfe gmvh`s (wkhok bs ht kbpp`fs k` hs), k` omuij jm b imt wmrs` tkbftm stbr khgsìa mf twm omfthf`fts hf tkhs prmjuothmf.‗

Hf tk`hr 2st ebg`, ’Zbff`khii skmws tr`g`fjmus omftrmi, gbc`s r`biiy gbefhaho`ft pibo`g`fts‗‚lut, jmwf 28-21, Kbsibg ’r`brs tkbt uprhekt amr`kbfj bfj sgbocs tk` lbii shiiy,rufs tk` ebg` mut!‗ Fm, Nmkf hs fmt j`gmrbihz`j ly I`s‘s rbiiy, fmr ly tk` tkufj`rmus oibps, hsfmt `v`f hfthghjbt`j, amr k` whfs tk` f`xt twm ebg`s 22 bfj 2;. Kbsibg ’bigmst l`bt`f tkr``

strbhekt! Ukbt br` tk` mjjs mf tkbt=‗Nmkf omfthfu`s khs eutsy piby. ’Lut Kbsibg‘s pmw`r skmts (‛K` khts tk` lbii kbrj`r

armg lmtk shj`s tkbf bfylmjy H‘v` `v`r s``f,‘ sbys Zbff`khii) bebhf bfj bebhf kbv` tkmusbfjsup maa tk`hr a``t sor`bghfe.‗ Bt 2;-bii, Nmkf ghs-s`rv`s (mr, bs tk` imobi Jbhiy Ei`bf`r put ht,

’k` luaa`j tk` vhtbi s`rvho`‗), bfj ims`s tk` :tk

. Gbtok bii v`f.’Zk` fmrgbi `xpr`sshmf hf Nbgbhob amr b emmj immp tkbt hs r`turf`j khek bfj hs

amiimw`j ly b emmj chii hs ‛Immp! Omoc-up! Ukbg!‘ Uìi, bf brj`ft abf ma Kbsibg‘s wbsmv`rk`brj yìihfe, ‛Immp! Omoc-up! Ukbg! Ukbg! Ukbg! Ukbg!‘ Hf abot, lmtk piby`rs br`wkbgghfe ihc` orbzy.‗ Kmw`v`r, k`r` hf tk` 0tk, I`s lr`bcs mp`f tk` ebg` `briy bfj ly ’sk``r pmw`r‗ ihghts Nmkf tm mfiy 24 pmhfts.

_m ht‘s b kbppy `fjhfe amr Nbgbhobfs> Kbsibg, pr`ssur`j, mv`romg`s tk` wmuij-lÈhbft Chii`r Zbff`khii, bigmst b o`rtbhf phoc amr tk` P._. Umrij Z`bg, bfj r`gbhfs b Fbthmfbi

K`rm. _mmf, w` kmp`, k`‘ii omgp`t` hf tk` _tbt`s. Khs pr`s`fo` tk`r`, bimfe whtk mtk`rs ihc`khg, obf mfiy kìp mur piby`rs hgprmv`.

Kbsibg whfs 2854 Nbgbhobf Hft`rfbthmfbi.

I`s rbhs`s khs pbjji`, Zbff`khii bppibujsTkmtm armg Chfestmf Jbhiy Ei`bf`r

Hfs`t pkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



<<

Okbpt`r Zwm

2854> Lmmcs ly Obrr, I`bok, bfj Obrrhfetmf. 2854>

\`gbhfhfe _ugg`r Zmurfbg`fts.

Ht‘s bism kmp`j tkbt P._. piby`rs obf hgprmv` lytbchfe tm k`brt bjvho` amufj hf tkr`` lmmcs r`vh`w`j hfZmphos blmut tkhs thg`. Kmw`v`r, H gust sby, hf stbrthfe whtkNboc Obrr‘s lmmc, Bjvbfo`j Zbli` Z ffhs, tkbt tk` hfshj`-aibp rk`tmrho ma tk` pulihsk`r‘s just nboc`t jm`sf‘t s`rvÒmbok Obrr wìi. Ht ok`bp`fs tk` kmp`j-amr khek s`rhmusf`ssma tk` lmmc hf k`jehfe tkbt ht muekt tm l` mwf`j ly tkms`

wkm br` ’truiy hft`r`st`j‗ hf tk` ’pbsthg`‗ ma tbli` t`ffhs‚ bs ha, truiy, Nboc‘s stbt`j hft`fthmf ’tm bsshst hf j`vìmphfe bg`jhmor` piby`r hftm b tmp-rbfchfe tmurfbg`ft piby`r‗wmuij arhekt`f b wmuij-l` luy`r bwby.

Obrr bocfmwi`je`s tkbt tmjby‘s jò`pthv` s`rv`sbr` b prmli`g. Ha ymu obf‘t bfbiyz` tk` sphf, bfj tk`

s`rv`r wmf‘t tìi ymu wkbt k`‘s jmhfe, bsc khs t`bggbt`s,sbys Nboc. Zkmuek wky tk`y‘j tìikhg H jmf‘t cfmw. Hf abot, tk`yghekt v`f prbotho` b ihttièbg`sgbfskhp‚tìi khg tk` wrmfetkhfe. Nboc‘s bii amr b ihtti`

ebg`sgbfskhp khgsìa wk`f kùre`s ’c``phfe ymur mppmf`ft maa lbibfo` ly vbryhfe tk` thg` tbc`f

l`tw``f s rv`s‗‚smg`tkhfe tk`tmp piby`rs ma tk` mij kbrj rull`r `rb jhjf‘t jm, amr lboc tk`f stbiihfe

wbsf‘t spmrthfe bfj piby`rs w`r`f‘tushfe tk` s`rv` bs b w`bpmf,w`r`f‘t immchfe tm s`rv` bfjamiimw. Nboc maa`rs b emmj thp wk`fk` wbrfs piby`rs blmut abiihfe hftm pr`jhotbli` pbtt`rf piby‚

smg`tkhfe H gysìa kbv` l``f euhityma, ghfji`ssiy limochfe lbii bat`r lbii

tm gy mppmf`ft‘s lbockbfj rbtk`r tkbf bt i`bst moobshmfbiiy bfeihfe ht tmkhs ghjji` mr abr amr`kbfj.

Okbpt`r Zwm str`ss`s vbrhmus

bttbochfe strmc`s‚Jbffy Tòmrb‘s,amr xbgpi`, hs skmwf tm l` guokaibtt`r tkbf Gbrty \`hsgbf‘s strbhekt-up sfbp bfj _tbtu`-ma-Ihl`rty ahfhsk.



<?

J-N I`` ehv`s us tk` lbockbfj omuft`r-jrhv`, bfj Jìi _w``rhs khs hfv`rt`j amr`kbfj immp whtkb khek-up i`fetky amiimw-tkrmuek. Obrr fmt`s tkbt tk` ar`` brg bgmfe smg` piby`rs, wk`tk`r mf bttboc mr jà`fs`‚\`hsgbf, amr mf`3 Qhmi`ttb F`sucbhths, amr bfmtk`r‚hs fmt biwbys hfwhfe-ihc` lbibfo`. _thii, wkm`v`r obii`j \`hsgbf uflbibfo`j=

Okbpt`rs Zkr`` bfj Amur j`bi whtk jà`fs`. Obrr bjvhs`s tk` r`bj`r tm strhv` ’tm e`t

tk` a`ìhfe ma kmijhfe tk` lbii mf tk` rboc`t jurhfe tk` okmp, shfo` tkhs whii bjj tm khs omftrmi.B imfe amiimw-tkrmuek whii aurtk`r tkhs a`ìhfe, wkhi` b skmrt pufokhfe strmc` whii ìhghfbtòmftrmi bfj tmuok omgpi`tìy.‗ Nboc bism j`vmt`s s`v`rbi pbe`s tm tk` iml, tkmuek ’gbfy oiulskbv` sgbii o`hihfes.‗

Hf khs omfoiujhfe Okbpt`r Ahv`, ’Tr`pbrbthmf amr Zmurfbg`ft Tiby,‗ Nboc sbys tk`r`‘sfm pmhft e`tthfe ups`t mv`r qu`sthmfbli` Jrbws mr bf ugphr`‘s ufabvmrbli` jòhshmf>’fmtkhfe‘s emhfe tm okbfe`, ’ bfj ha ’ymu jm omgpibhf, ymu whii g`rìy obus` bfhgmshty.‗ Fm

jmult. _thii, wk`tk`r ht‘s ’tmm tbxhfe amr tk` f`rvmus syst`g‗ mr fmt, tmm sìa-jà`bthfe hf tk``fj mr fmt, gy mwf pmshthmf hs biwbys tm rèhst`r wkbt H bs bf hfjhvhjubi tkhfc hs b ièhthgbt` prmt`st. H a`ì gmr bihv`, gmr` r`spmfshli tkbt wby.

Zk` ibst tkhrj ma tk` lmmc, tk` ’Bpp`fjhx‗ sòthmf, a`btur`s brthoi`s ly ’tmp‗ `xp`rts.

Hf wrhthfe mf ’Futrhthmf bfj T`ramrgbfo`,‗ Jr. @vìyf Nmf`s, ma tk` Pfhv`rshty ma Obihamrfhb bt_bftb Lbrlbrb (wkms` ihbhsmf kìp wbs smihoht`j ly _bftb Lbrlbrb‘s mwf Lrmmc` Uhiihbgs),

omfoiuj`s tkbt tk` ’bttbhfg`ft ma bf bj`qubt` jh`t tkus hfvmiv`s tk` prmp`r sìòthmf ma ammjstm prmvhj` tk` f``j`j futrh`fts.‗ Amrg`r Jòbtkimf Okbgphmf Lhii Zmmg`y stbt`s tkbt tk`’bv`rbe` ohthz`f wkm wmrcs bt b j`sc jm`sf‘t kbv` tk` sbg` prmli`g bs tk` btki`t` wkm hsomfstbftiy wmrchfe tmwbrjs pkyshobi j`vìmpg`ft.‗ _m, ufihc` Gs. Nmf`s wkm sbys tk`’bjjhthmf ma vhtbghf bfj ghf`rbi suppi`g`fts hs bf uffò`ssbry `xp`fjhtur`,‗ Zmmg`y wbftskhs lr`bcabst hf b li`fj`r‚’èes, tkr`` ‛k`bphfe‘ tbli`spmmfs ma prmt`hf pmwj`r, aruht nuho`, b

tbli`spmmf ma obiohug ibotbt`, bfj b sgbii bgmuft ma vè`tbli` mhi mr wk`bt e`rg.‗Amiimwhfe tkhs omg`s b sòthmf mf Ohrouht Zrbhfhfe, bfj bf brthoi` ly Arbfc J. \mkt`r,

Tk.J. mf Obrjhmvbsouibr Zrbhfhfe, hfvmivhfe b`rmlho bfj bfb`rmlho f`rey smuro`s. ’Zk`r` hs

fm l`tt`r wby tm trbhf amr tk` okbgphmfskhp tbli` t`ffhs tmurfbg`ft ohrouht tkbf ly b imfe-jhstbfo` ruffhfe rèhg`f.‗ Okbgphmfskhp ohrouht= Bfywby, ht‘s bii htbihohz`j, hgpmrtbft. Hf tkhssòthmf, tmm, Obrr maa`rs vbrhmus aheur`j hiiustrbthmfs ma kìpaui `x`rohs`s ròmgg`fj`j ly tk`

_w`jhsk ZZB.Jhoc Xbgbmcb‘s brthoi` mf ’\boc`t _urabo`s‗ `xpibhfs nust wkbt b ’spmfe`‘ rboc`t hs.

Bfj Obrr prmvhj`s thps amr omfjuothfe b ombokhfe oihfho wk`r` pr`sugbliy gmst ma tkms`btt`fjhfe whii l` ushfe tk` gmj`rf spmfe` rboc`t, htk`r hfv`rt`j mr sbfjwhok.Ahfbiiy, Nboc sbys, guok obf l` ebhf`j ly fmt mfiy wbtokhfe lut tbichfe tm okbgphmfs. Ma omurs` tkhs gby fmt l` `bsy tm jm. Mf` nust jm`sf‘t prmp`riy omg` up tm b okbgphmf wkms`

iha` kbs iht`rbiiy l``f tkhs _pmrt bfj, whtk b lushf`ss-ihc` `y` mr b pr`sugptumus smrt ma abghihbrhty, `xpòt khg/k`r tm ehv` sm ar`ìy, sm spmrthfeiy ma wkbt k`‘s wmrc`j sm kbrj tm

boquhr`. _uok b okbgphmf cfmws wkbt tk` wìi-hft`fthmf`j bgbtùr kbs y`t tm i`brf‚tkbt biiemmj tkhfes omst j`briy.

Armg A`l. 2, 2818 tm Nbf. 2, 2854, Nboc‘s rmybith`s armg khs $0.80 Bjvbfo`j lmmc w`r` $?;;.8?, wkhok k` e`f`rmusiy bsshef`j tm tk` P_ZZB.

Jmf Euff sbys amrg`r Umrij Okbgphmf Nmkffy I`bok‘s L`tt r Zbli` Z ffhs,’hft`fj`j tm r`bok tk` t``fbe`r,‗ kbs bok strmc` whtk b sbfjwhok lbt ’lrhàiy lut suaahoh`ftiyj`sorhl`j,‗ hfoiujhfe tk` immp. Euff sbys tk` ’wkmi` tmf` ma tk` lmmc hs ihekt, p`rghsshv`,suoohfot, bfj oi`br‗‚guok ihc` Jmf‘s mwf wrhthfe.



<:

Jmf khgsìa kbs bf bjnbo`ft brthoi` tm khs I`bok r`vh`w (ZZZ , Fmv., 2854, 1) hf wkhokk` sc`w`rs tbli` t`ffhs piby`rs, pbrthouibriy t``fbe`rs, amr ahiihfe ’tk`hr stmgboks (bfj ghfjs)whtk ebrlbe`‗‚tkmuek k` kbs tm bjght tkbt bt tmurfbg`ft sht`s tk` piby`r usubiiy kbs fmokmho` lut lbj ammj. Jmf bism rbhis bebhfst tk` fmthmf tkbt ’tbli` t`ffhs kbs psyokmtk`rbpùtho pmw`rs3 tkbt khtthfe tk` lbii rì`bs`s t`fshmf, prmvhj`s b k`bitky muti`t amr beer`sshmfs, to.

\ullhsk! Zk` ebg` hs arustrbthfe tm gbfy, hfoiujhfe tmp piby`rs, bfj luhijs gmr` t`fshmfs tkbfht rìh`v`s. Ukbt whtk f`t jrhlli`rs, `je` lbiis, bfj mf`‘s mwf lbj skmts, tk` wkmi` prmo`jur`hs hfaurhbthfe. J`vmthmf tm tbli` t`ffhs hs b amrg ma gbsmokhsg….‗

Hf r`vh`whfe @feihsk Ombok Nboc Obrrhfetmf‘s Trmer sshv` Zbli` Z ffhs, _t`v` Brfmijsbys tk` lmmc hs jhvhj`j hftm tkr`` sòthmfs> (2. ’bf khstmrhobi surv`y ma typ`s ma lbts, styi`s,bfj rull`r surabo`s.‗ (<. ’b trbhfhfe prmerbg j`shef`j tm prmjuo` bii-brmufj piby`rs‗‚whtk b lèhffhfe `gpkbshs mf ’tmuok piby bfj pusk skmts,‗ bs wìi bs kmw tm gbc` ’nujeg`ft

jòhshmfs‗ bfj ’fùtrbi skmts.‗ Hf tkhs sòthmf, Obrrhfetmf j`tbhis amur typ`s ma ’ebg`tòkfhqu`s wkhok obf l` us`j tm somr` pmhfts bebhfst b jà`fj`r‗‚’b st`bjy ‛Luhijhfe Tmw`r Jrhv`‘‗ whtk wkhok tk` piby`r us`s ;4% ma khs pmw`r3 b ’U`brhfe Jmwf tk` Jà`fo`‗tòkfhqu` wk`r` tk` ;4% pmw`r jrhv` hs sujj`fiy hft`rsp`rs`j whtk b ’sujj`f skmt jhròt`j bt

b skbrp`r bfei`‗ tm lr`bc tk` rkytkg ma piby3 b ’Ihektfhfe Aibsk Bttboc‗ ushfe b 244% ma tk` piby`r‘s pmw`r3 bfj b ’Zmpsphf Qbrhbthmf‗ tkbt ’omglhf`s immps, jrhv`s, pusk`s, bfj jhr othmfbi

pibohfe tm amro bf rrmr.‗ Ukbt‘s f `j`j bebhfst bfy jà fj`r br` ’vbrh ty bfj pbth`fo`.‗_òthmf (?. `gpkbshz`s Obrrhfetmf‘s `xpibfbthmf ma bttboc piby. Ubft tm i`brf tk` immp

jrhv`= ’Nust bhg tm wkhp tk` tkhff`st ahig ma just maa tk` lbii upwbrjs. Erbjubiiy booì`rbt` tkòmftbot mfiy ly imms`fhfe ymur brg, bfj ly ushfe ymur lmjy-sprhfe tm kìp.‗ Amr gmr` pmw`r,booì`rbt`, wkhp gmr` sphf ’ly oimshfe tk` ìlmw gmr` skbrpiy‗ bfj ushfe gmr` wrhst sfbp.

\ gbhfhfe _ugg r Zmurfbg`fts

Bt tk` Omiuglus_w``pstbc`s tmurfbg`ft, mf`

lèhfs tm e`t tk` hj`b tkrmuekL`rt Nbomls‘ wrht`-up (ZZZ ,_`pt.-Mot., 2854, 5) tkbt Jìi

_w``rhs hs fmt r`biiy hft`ft mfgbchfe tk` P._. Z`bg tm tk` Fbemyb Umrij‘s. Kmw hs k` pr`pbrhfe amr khs gbtok`s k`r`=K` lèhfs whtk b rmufj ma emia,bat`r wkhok, brrhvhfe bt tk`

tmurfbg`ft, k` hfhthbiiy em`s 0 whtk Nmkf Z`gpi`,tk`f ghekt l` s``f ’pibyhfe libocnboc whtk

Ghokhebf ormfh`s Cbrcibs bfj Go@vmy.‗ Nust hf pbsshfe, wkm‘s tk` obrj piby`r Zmg Go@vmy=*Uìi, rhekt fmw, L`rt tìis us, Zmg‘s cfmwf bs btbli` t`ffhs oo`ftrho> ’pibys whtk b phò` ma lmbrj,

pbhft`j liboc, sthocs b kbfji` mf ht, bfj tk`f, kbfjmut, kbfj-hf, k` stbfjs bt tk` tbli` Gbx Gbrhfcm styi`‗…bfj l`bts p`mpi`.

Hf tk` mf` s`gh‘s, Mkhm Oims`j Okbgp \hokbrj Abrrìi ìhghfbt`s _w``rhs hf 0. Jìi‘s pibyhfe whtk phps mut mf lmtk shj`s‚sbys ht whii kìp khg tm ’kht quhoc`r bebhfst SJ-NW I``.‗

Nmkf Z`gpi`

\hokbrj Abrrìi> kbj Zbff`khii gbtok pmhft




<0

Trmli`g hs, whtk tk` phps k`‘s fmt whffhfe bs gbfygbtok`s bs làmr` wk`f whtk tk` hfv`rt`j k` rìh`j gmr`mf sphf tkbf sp``j, bfj, ’bs mf` piby`r put ht, k` f`v`r e`ts tm I``.‗ L`rt sbys tkbt gbyl` ’ha k` ims`s `fmuekgbtok`s k` wmf‘t l` s``j`j bfy gmr` bfj tk`f obf jrbw

I``, sby, hf tk` <

fj

rmufj=‗ _`rhmusiy, tkmuek, Jìi’cfmws k` tmm mat`f trh`s tm piby khs mij hfv`rt`j styi`bfj tkbt Swhtk tk` phpsW ht nust wmf‘t wmrc.‗ _m, sbysL`rt, immc amr khg tm okbfe`.

Hf tk` mtk`r s`gh‘s, ’Zbff`khii jm`s okbhf-sgmc`r Zhg M‘Ermscy hf.‗ L`rt tk`f mpts amr b rhaa mf Zhg>

’Trbotho`, prbotho`, prbotho`! Ht‘s bs ha M‘Ermscybfj Abrrìi f`v`r i`bv` tk` oiul, bs ha tk`y prbotho` hf tk`hr si``p, tk`hr jr`bgs.

M‘Ermscy! M‘Ermscy! Bt bfy mf` gmg`ft, `spòhbiiy wk`f k`‘s ar`sk bfj

r`bjy tm piby, k`‘s Cmkfm mr Htm mr Aucuskhgb. Biwbys bf hghtbtmr. Biwbys swhtokhfekhs p`fkmij`r rull`r‚armg phgpi j tm hfv`rt`j bfj lboc. Emhfe (\hppp!) armg mf` tm

bfmtk`r `v`f jurhfe b gbtok.‗

Abrrìi, tmm, hs pibyhfe whtk phgpi`j rull`r, bfj…(lut H‘ii i`t L`rt j`sorhl` tk` ahfbi amr ymu)

’…hs mat`f mut-`xokbfehfe Zbff`khii mf tk` lbockbfj, ehvhfe Nmkf smg`tkhfema b j`bj lbii wkhok k`‘s khtthfe hftm tk` f`t.

‛_imw jmwf, Nmkf!‘ sbys Lmfe Gm I``, tkmuekt ly gbfy tm l` tk` l`st ombokhf tk` P._. bfj l`tt`r v`f tkbf Mehgurb. Zkhs I`` (J-N wbs hf Mcibkmgb ehvhfe bf`xkhlhthmf) kbj l``f bwby armg tk` Omiuglus oiul bt i`bst b y`br‚k` iàt skmrtiy bat`r

k` wbs fmt okms`f tm ombok tk` P._. Z`bg bt tk` Gufhok Umrij‘s‚bfj fmw, mf khsr`turf, hs ehv`f b stbfjhfe mvbthmf. ‛Qmii`y ht mut! Qmii`y ht mut!‘ Lmfe Gm sbys tm Nmkf.

Imts ma xokbfe`s ibt`r, ht‘s jùo` hf tk` ahatk‚bfj twho` Nmkf kbs tk` bj. Bfj lmtk

thg`s, Abrrìi, tm tk` ormwj‘s jìhekt, pmwj`rs ht hf. ‛K` kbs tk` kbrj`st amr`kbfj ma bfylmjy hf tk` omuftry,‘ sbys Nmkf wkm fnmys gbchfe tkhs chfj ma stbt`g`ft. Zk`f Abrrìie`ts tk` bj bfj LMMG! lbfes bfmtk`r ma Nmkf‘s immps. Uhii ht em hf= Hs tkhs tk` gbtok= Hftkbt spiht sòmfj Nmkf iht`rbiiy nugps hf arhekt‚bs ha ht‘s b luii`t Abrrìi hs bhghfe tm ahfhskkhg maa whtk. Lut, fm, ht ghss`s. Bfj Nmkf, whffhfe tk` f`xt twm pmhfts, hs bihv` bfj wìi,bfj, whtk b ymufe eufahekt`r‘s bir`bjy mij r`putbthmf, hs abhr ebg` bebhf amr tk` f`xt gbf.‗

_w``rhs lèhfs khs boomuft ma tk` Erbfj \bphjs _ugg`r Mp`f (ZZZ , Fmv., 2854, 2?)

ly tìihfe tk` r`bj`rskhp tkbt H bsc`j khg amr b wrht`-up. Bfj tkmuek H jhjf‘t e`t bii tk` r`suitsma sbhj tmurfbg`ft, H bg emffb r`prmjuo` k`r` wkbt Jìi wrmt` blmut ht>

’…SBimfeW omg`s mf`, N`rry Cbrluicb‚wkm H jmf‘t cfmw armg Bjbg. @ft`rs

tk` kbfjhobp. U` ehv` khg :0 mf khs wby tm 04 (‛F`v`r piby`j hf b P_ZZB tmurfbg`ft làmr`‘). Zurfs mut k`‘s smg` smrt ma gmjhah`j p`fkmij`r. Mk, mk. B ghstbc`. H obf s `ht bir`bjy. Immc bt tkbt immp! Bfj, mk!…_GBOC!…Kbv` ymu `v`r s``f bfymf` kht bkbrj`r amr`kbfj!

Zhg M‘ErmscyTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



<1

U` quhoc out khg jmwf tm 20. Fmw k` tìisus k` us`j tm l` #5 hf Ozòkmsimvbchb! Zk` kbfjhobphs b nmc`. U`‘j ihc` tm amre`t blmut ht. K` l`btsOmffh`. Em`s mf tm mtk`r `v`fts. L`bts ChghymCurhgmtm, f`` Gbtsuzbch, tk` amrg`r Umg`f‘s

Umrij Okbgphmf. Khs amrohfe s`rv`s bfj amiimw-upimmps br` gmr` tkbf sk` obf kbfji`‚sk`‘s fmt`xpòt`j tkbt smrt ma omft`st, sk`‘s fmt r`bjy amr ht._ujj`fiy ht‘s bppbr`ft tkbt tkhs ufcfmwf Cbrluicbgust l` mf` ma tk` tmp <4 piby`rs hf tk` omuftry. B :0kbfjhobp, kuk= @glbrrbsshfe.

Tr`tty smmf \hokbrj Abrrìi brrhv`s. K`‘s nust

l`bt`f g` hf tk` Omiuglus _w` pstbc`s. Uìi, bt i bst Hjmf‘t kbv tm wmrry blmut khg. K`‘s b spòtbtmr. Gbc`stk` tkhrj-strbhekt thg` k`‘s omg` tm mur tmurfbg`ft bfjkbsf‘t piby`j. Aheur` tkbt mut, H obf‘t.

Bii rhekt, amics. H‘v` jìby`j imfe fmuek. Zk`G`f‘s _hfei`s kbs omg` jmwf tm tk` ibst amur piby`rs

bfj fmw w`‘r` emhfe tm piby b rmufj rmlhf‚g`,T`t`r Trbjht, Nhg Ibzbrus, bfj, sur` `fmuek, tkbt N`rry Cbrluicb aìimw.

H e`t ly Nhg, lut, lmy, ht‘s b ahv`-ebg` strueei`. @v`r shfo` k` lmuekt gy rmlmt k`‘s nust l``f xo ii ft bebhfst sphf, jm sf‘t ghss immps bt bii fmw.

Nhg l`bts Cbrluicb. K` khts st`bjhiy wk`f k` e`ts tk` okbfo` bfj k`‘s emt tkbtk`bvy okmp tm abii lboc mf. Cbrluicb `fjs up e`tthfe khs mwf sphf lboc.

Bs amr Trbjht…, Nhg jbrf f`br l`bts khg tmm, ims`s hf ahv`.Trbjht l`bts g , bv`fehfe khs imss hf tk` @ickbrt _ugg`r Mp`f, bfj tk`f

kbs tm em ahv` tm `je` Cbrluicb, sm

ymu obf s`` tkhs Ozòk obf piby.Hfj``j, sbj tm r`pmrt, bs tk`

kmurs wbf` bfj ihtti` okhijr`f

kbv` imfe l``f abst bsi``p H imstbfmtk`r mf`, <2-2; hf tk` ahatk,tm…Cbrluicb.‗

Bt tk` FmrtkObrmihfb Mp`f, Juc`

jmotmrbi stuj`ft Cum-_bfOkufe, b p`fkmij`r wkm

us`s tk` wmmj mf khs lbockbfj xoiushvìy amr okmpphfe, wmf tk` G`f‘s,bfj whtk ht tk` #2 _tbt`

rbfchfe. Hf tk` ahfbi k` l`btamrg`r P._. Zmp Z`f piby`r _t`v` Hsbbosmf wkm ’bat`r tk` ahrst ebg`, jàbuit`j,

N`rry CbrluicbTkmtm ly Lhii _okìt`gb

2854 Fmrtk Obrmihfb #<, Kmu-ghfe Okbfe...nust b spòtbtmrTkmtm ly _t`v` Gurrby (\bi`hek Zhg`s)

Hfs`t pkmtm> _t`v` Hsbbosmf, G`f‘s ruff`r-up



<5

bppbr`ftiy nust w`hekt`j jmwf whtk `xkbusthmf.‗ Hf tk` s`gh‘s, _t`v` jà`bt`j Ghc` Bu`rlbokwkm wmf tk` Oibss B‘s armg Bi`x Eìi`f. Hf bf brthoi` hf tk` _`pt.-Mot., 2854 Zmphos, _t`v`bjvmobt`j jhslbfjg`ft ma tk` _ìòthmf Omgghtt`` bfj suee`st`j tkbt hf tk` autur` tk` P._.Umrij Z`bg l` sìòt`j vhb tkr`` qubihayhfe tmurfbg`fts, `bok tmurfbg`ft erbjubiiy r`juohfetk` omft`fj`rs tm tkms` wkm ahfbiiy l`st survhv` bfj gbc` tk` Z`bg.

’K‗ Libhr tìis us (ZZZ , _`pt.-Mot., 2854, 1) tkbt wk`f ymu‘r` ’bs lhe bfj strmfe‗ bs\hokbrj GoBa`` hs‚k`‘s 1‘:‗ bfj w`heks <:4‚’wk`f ymu obf kht armg `htk`r shj`, wk`f ymukbv` b pr`tty abhr immp bfj b emmj jà`fs`, SbfjW wk`f ymu obf r`turf tk` immp gmst ma tk`thg`,‗ ht aheur`s ymu obf whf tk` Mribfjm _ugg`r Mp`f.

Lhe Gbo‘s vhothgs= Hf tk` 2;, 2;, <2 qubrt`r‘s, ht‘s Gbrv Iàa, ’wkm oihfes tm phgpi`jrull`r‚kbs oibssho strmc`s bfj b ahf` jà`fs`, lut jm`sf‘t piby tmm mat`f l`tw``ftmurfbg`fts.‗ Hf tk` ‟<4, 25, 20, 24 s`gh‘s, ht‘s Nhg Bit`flbok. Bfj hf tk` 2?, 28, -28, 2?

ahfbi, ht‘s Gbo‘s rèuibr jmuli`s pbrtf`r, \by G`reihbfm. \by, rbfc`j #< hf tk` _mutk, kbj`brih`r jrmpp`j b ebg` tm Mieb _mit`sz wkm wbs pibyhfe hf tk` G`f‘s amr tk` guok f``j`jsthaa`r omgp`ththmf. H pr`sug` Mieb wmf tk` Umg`f‘s armg tk` vhshthfe _u` Khij`lrbfjt=

Zkmuek 2:-y`br-mij Nmkf Ruhoc wbs bli` tm l`bt Mieb‘s abtk`r, ’phgpi`j-rull`r

okmpp`r Tbui _mit`sz,‗ k` wbs bat`rwbrjs ìhghfbt`j ly \bi`hek‘s Nhg GoRu``f. Nmkf wbsbism ups`t hf tk` Pfj`r 20‘s ly Zmg _`by, tk` Fmvho` whff`r bfj Oibss L ruff`r-up.

Zk` G`rrhtt Hsibfj, AI Oiul kmst`j b _ugg`r Z`bg Zmurfbg`ft hf wkhok, bs Gbri`f`Zyi`r r`pmrts (ZZZ , _`pt.-Mot., 2854, 1), b 0tk gbtok ha fò`ssbry wmuij j`t`rghf` tk` th`‚ mfiy tkhs thg` b jmuli`s, fmt shfei`s, wmuij l` piby`j. Hf bf `briy gbtok, x-F`w N`rs`ybf_t`v` \hem pbhrs whtk Mieb _mit`sz bebhfst Lbrry \mst bfj _bg Kmaaf`r. Lbrry whfs lmtk khsshfei`s, lut _bg, ’kbvhfe swhtok`j tm spmfe` bat`r amrty y`brs whtk b kbrj lbt,‗ suaa`rs, bs k`sbys, ’whtkjrbwbi sygptmgs,‗ bfj skmws khs arustrbthmf hf imshfe lmtk khs shfei`s bfj tk`

jmuli`s jòhj`r. F`htk`r ma tk`s` t`bgs obf bjvbfo`, kmw`v`r, amr tk`y obf‘t l`bt tk` Nm`_mcmimaa/_t`v` A`j`rhom/@rfh` \`fz`tth t`bg. Ehv`f _mcmimaa‘s str`fetk, gbyl` Lbrry, bs khsarh`fj L`rt Nbomls suee`sts, skmuij okuoc tk` t.t. bfj piby tk` Aimrhjb jme ohrouht=

Zk` t`bg ma X``-Zbc Aufe, b Amrgmsbf wkm sp`bcs Nbpbf`s`/Bfjy Lòc`flboc/Jmf_tmry bism em`s jmwf tm tk` _mcmimaa t`bg‚tkmuek Aufe jm`s jm hf \`fz`tth wkm bfe`rs Gs.Zyi`r lòbus` mf l`hfe l`bt`f k` tkrmws khs rboc`t jmwf. Gs. Zyi`r sbys Aufe hs b ’v`ry

arh`fjiy euy,‗ bs whtf`ss…

’Khs Nbpbf`s` hs sm emmj tkbt k` `xpibhf`j smg` ma tkms` ihtti` photur`s (tk`ysby tk`y‘r` wmrjs) wrhtt`f mf b gbtok lmx‚bfj, jbrf, ht ruhf`j bii gy auf. H‘j tkmuektht wmuij l` smg`tkhfe ìhehli` amr Tibylmy. (Hf obs` ymu‘r` hft`r`st`j, ht j`sorhl`j b t`b pbrty‚bfj whtk b gushobi lbocermufj. Jhjf‘t aht hf tmm wìi whtk tk` brmgb ma

p`rsphrbthmf bfj tk` Ebtmrbj` ormwj brmufj g`.)‗

Mk, mk, k`r`‘s tk` GoBa``/Ruhoc t`bg‚bfj Aufe bfj Om. obf‘t l`bt tk`g. Gs. Zyi`r,wkm‘s nust sbhj sk` kmp`j tm kbv` tk` auf ma s``hfe Tibylmy photur`s (mk= r`biiy= wkbt chfj ma ’auf‗=), bfj wkm H ebtk`r prà`rr`j tm l` bpbrt armg tk` nmoc ormwj, tk`hr ’brmgb‗ ma p`rsphrbthmf, bfj bfy skmw ma pbsshmf suok bs \`fz`tth‘s, fmw jm`sf‘t ihc` Aufe‘s omgpibhft

blmut tk` bfths`ptho eyg, tk` ihekthfe (tmm lbj, sk` sbys, ’wkht` aimmrs, wbiis, bfj b lrhekt suf‗hs wkbt k` bfj `v`rymf` ìs` kbs tm omft`fj whtk). ’Ukmmp``!‗ sk` wrht`s wk`f GoBa`` l`btsAufe. ’K`‘s imobi, bfj f`v`r omgpibhfs. U` ihc` khg k`r` bfj ymu whii tmm wk`f ymu s`` khgbs b abgmus okbgp smg` jby.‗



<;

Zk` _mcmimaa/\`fz`tth vs. GoBa``/Ruhoc ahfbi em`s hftm tk`0tk ‚bfj bat`r, bs Gs. Zyi`r sbys, ’b a`w t`gp`r tbftrugs ly Ruhoc,_mcmimaa-\`fz`tth whf.‗ Ukm e`ts tk` Mutstbfjhfe Tiby`r trmpky=Ruhoc. ’F``ji`ss tm sby,‗ Gs. Zyi`r jhsber``s whtk tk` okmho`. ’Xmue`fti`g`f s``g tm tkhfc tkbt, lòbus` k`‘s ymufe bfj abst bfj emmj,

k`‘s mutstbfjhfe. Lut wky jmf‘t ymu immc brmufj bt smg` ma tk` piby`rs wkm kbv` trh`j v`ry kbrj….‗Armg gy pmhft ma vh`w, bf bahohmfbjm‘s pmhft ma vh`w, Gs.

Zyi`r, whtk k`r j`shr` amr fho`th`s bfj k`r v`ry s`t, smg`thg`s pr`sugptumus mphfhmfs, hs bs abr armg ufj`rstbfjhfe s`rhmus tbli`t`ffhs, armg a`ìhfe wkbt ht g`bfs tm l` b prma`sshmfbi piby`r hf bfy_pmrt, bs mf` obf

l`.G`gmrhbi Jby

w``c`fj bt Gmmr`,MC, tk` ohty‘s

_kmpphfe O`ft`r tk`r`, sbw

Mcibkmgb Ohty‘s2;-y`br-mij J`ffhsOrbwamrj tbc` khs

ahrst _tbt` thti`. K` lòbg` tk` G`f‘sOkbgphmf ly jà`bthfe twm amrg`r whff`rs,Q`rfmf @hs`fkmur bfj Kufebrhbf-lmrf _t`v`

@feì. Hf tk` Jmuli` @ihghfbthmf amrgbt,Q`rf l`bt _t`v` hfhthbiiy, lut tk`f, bat`r imshfe tm Orbwamrj, wbs must`j ly _t`v` hf

tk`hr r`piby. Uhtk Orbwamrj‘s immp kbvhfejmf` k`bvy jbgbe` tm @feì, \mf _khri`y pmhfts mut tkbt amr ahv` strbhekt y`brs fmw

tk`r`‘s l``f b jhaa`r`ft Okbgphmf. ’_hfo`2811 ht‘s l``f @feì, @j @iihs, Ar`j Chfe,@hs`fkmur, bfj fmw Orbwamrj.‗ Mtk`r whff`rs> Umg`f‘s> Mzìib K`fj`rsmf (amr tk` tkhrj strbhekt thg`). G`f‘s Jmuli`s> @feì bfj @hs`fkmur mv`r Orbwamrj bfj \mf _khri`ywkms` hft`r`st hf tk` _pmrt er`w bat`r bf Mcibkmgb _tbt` oibssgbt` tmmc khg tm b imobi t.t.

oiul. _`fhmr‘s> Imu Ombt`s. Nufhmr‘s> (hf tk` bls`fo` ma p`r`ffhbi whff`r Fmrg L`kyg`r) NhgKbggmfj.

Orbwamrj, @hs`fkmur, @feì bfj L`kyg`r w`ft mf tm whf tk` _mutkw`st Ohth`s Z`bgZmurfbg`ft hf Bgbrhiim.

F`w Xmrc‘s _tubrt Ibssbr ai w mut tm J`fv`r tm vhsht arh`fjs bfj piby hf tk` Nuiy\mocy Gmuftbhf Mp`f (ZZZ , Fmv., 2854, 2<). K` smmf amufj k` omuijf‘t r`turf N`rry

Tiylmf‘s s`rv`s, ’omuijf‘t lrhfe tk` lbii jmwf tm tk` tbli`‗ lòbus` J`fv`r ’hs mf` ghi` up,bfj tk` lbii c`pt aiyhfe amur a``t pbst tk` tbli`.‗ Bat`r 24 ghfut`s piby, k` omuijf‘t obtok khs lr`btk ufi`ss k` stmpp`j tm r st‚tkhs lòbus` ma tk` khek bithtuj` bfj, nust pmsshliy, lòbus`k`‘j ’rò`ftiy put mf 24-20 pmufjs.‗

Nmkf Ruhoc, GQTTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf J`ffhs Orbwamrj,

2854 Mcibkmgb

G`f‘s Okbgphmf



<8

N`rry skmw`j _tubrt tk` rmlmt tkbt ihv`j hf khs ebrbe`, bfj, bs tkhs wbs _tu‘s hfhthbi`xp`rh`fo` hf g``thfe bfj pibyhfe bebhfst suok b or`btur`, k` sbhj k` amufj ht ’b truiyjèrbjhfe `xp`rh`fo` tm try tm r`turf sup`r-tmpsphf.‗ Mf tk` pius shj`, _tu sbhj k` aìt tk`gmr` wìomg` lòbus` ’b ihst ma bii mut-ma-stbt` piby`rs Swbs pmst`jW mutshj` tk` pibyhfermmg.‗ Khs abvmrht` gmg`ft= Fmt wk`f k` imst `htk`r tm Tiylmrf mr Gbo Kmrf, lut wk`f

brmufj ghjfhekt k` j`gbfj`j tkbt khs ’lbr`-ammt`j mppmf`ft hf tk` B Ahfbis Ssihpp`ry aimmr,ymu cfmwW okbfe` khs skhrt, b imvìy lrhekt mrbfe` fugl`r, tm b jbrc mf`.‗ (Tiby wbs whtkKbffm mrbfe` lbiis=)

_mg` r`suits> G`f‘s Jmuli` @ihghfbthmf> Tiylmf, bat`r spihtthfe gbtok`s whtk Kmrf,wmf tk` jòhj`r. Umg`f‘s> [ubf A`reusmf mv`r N. Kuek`s. G`f‘s Jmuli`s> Nby @vbfs/N. Gìimv`r Ibssbr/Obri I`whs. Ghx`j Jmuli`s> Tiylmf/Kuek`s mv`r @jebr _t`hf/@. Ibrsmf. B‘s>Ibssbr mv`r _t`v` Jmje`f. L‘s> U. _prbeu` mv`r A. Ubrj, <;-<1 hf tk` ? rj. _`fhmr‘s> _t`hf

mv`r Kmrf hf 0. 25‘s> _t`v` Jmje`f mv`r L. Kìi`r. 20‘s> Jmje`f mv`r Gurrby Cuti`r. 2?‘s>Cuti`r mv`r Kìi`r.

Pp hf _`btti` bt tk` _`babhr Zmurfbg`ft,Zmg \utthfe`r jmghfbt`j tk` G`f‘s `v`ft,

jhjf‘t ims` b ebg` tm ruff`r-up Nm` I`` mr bfymf` ìs`. @bri Bjbgs, omv`rhfe tk` piby

amr Zmphos (_`pt.-Mot., 2854, 2<), sbhj tkbtZmg kbfji`j s`ghahfbihst Nàa Curtz whtk`bs`, bat`r Nàa kbj stmpp`j beer`sshv`tmpsphff`r Uhiihbg X`` hf 0. Hf tk` mtk`r s`gh‘s, Nm` ìhghfbt`j Kbrry GoAbjj`f wkmhf tk` qubrt`r‘s kbj tbc`f bjvbftbe` ma \ml

\ml`rts, \ml kbvhfe sp`ft b y`br hf Qh`tfbgbwby armg omgp`ththv` piby. \ml`rts, pbrtf`r`j ly I``, jhj whf tk` Jmuli`s

tkmuek‚mv`r tk` phoc-up pbhr ma \utthfe`r/T`t`r Xhp wkm‘j nust emtt`f ly tk` Im lrmtk`rs

bat`r l`hfe jmwf <-2 bfj bt jùo` hf tk` :tk. Hf tk` mf`s`gh‘s hf _`fhmr‘s piby, GoAbjj`f stmpp`j Jhoc Zuoc`r,’sihgg`j jmwf mf k`bitk ammj3‗ bfj hf tk` mtk`r, Brt_okuaa l`bt Obfbjhbf ZZB Tr`shj`ft-tm-l` Brt Lbrrmf hf ?.Hf tk` 0-ebg` ahfbi, GoAbjj`f‘s tmpsphf ebg` wbs nust b lht l`tt`r tkbf _okuaa‘s ’sgmmtk jà fs` l`khfj bf @feihsk

\ull`r lbt.‗_mg` mtk`r whff`rs> Umg`f‘s \.\.> 2st> Nujy

Lmok`fsch. <fj

> Cbtky Kbrrhebf. BB‘s> \ml`rts jàbuit`j tmBjbgs wkm‘j jmwf`j Xhp hf 0 hf tk` s`gh‘s. B‘s> Lml Kmmv`r \mibfj Lmurbssb hf 0. B Jmuli`s> Lml Zmss`y/ObriI`krkmaa mv`r Zuoc`r/_bg Lbl`f`r. L‘s> Jbv` Xbt`s mv`r

E`mre` Gbsmf hf 0. Nufhmr‘s> Nujy Lmok`fsch (bat`r l`hfejmwf <-4) mv`r Jbffy Gbttsmf.

_bf Arbfohsom‘s ibt` Bue. Obli` Obr Oibssho jr`wgmstiy imobi piby`rs. Jbvhj Okbf wmf tk` G`f‘s mv`r Nàa

Lml Km, b whff`r bt

tk` _`btti` _`babhrArmg Jò. 1-5, 28;4

Tbohaho Fmrtkw`st

Mp`f Trmerbg

Zmg \utthfe`r, _`btti` _`babhr Okbgp



?4

Gbsmf, bppbr`ftiy ròmv`r`j fmw armg khs Nuf` obr boohj`ft bfj b omupi` ma lrmc`f rhls.Hr`f` Meus wbs tk` Umg`f‘s whff`r mv`r I. Ai`ghfe. _`fhmr Okbgp Biibf K`rscmvhok pbhr`jwhtk Okbf tm tbc` tk` Jmuli`s. Mtk`r whff`rs> B‘s> Cwbf Umfe. B Jmuli`s> \bgmfA`rfbfj`z/I`rmy Cmfjm. L‘s> Kmwbrj Okuoc. L Jmuli`s> Cmfjm/Kbrry _bfjf`r. O‘s> \ml`rt@oc`rt. J‘s> E. G`fj`fkbii. _bt. Omfsmibthmf> Gmkbgg`j Bekhih. 25‘s bfj 20‘s> Jbf

Liugl`re.Zwm _mutk`rf Obihamrfhb tmurfbg`fts w`r` r`pmrt`j‚tk` Nuf` Kmiiywmmj _ugg`r Mp`f, amiimw`j ly tk` Bue. Ohf`gb Mp`f. Gbc`s ymu tkhfc tkbt gmvh`s ghekt kbv` l``fskmwf hf bf bft`rmmg= U`‘ii f`v`r cfmw lòbus` f`htk`r tmurfbg`ft obg` whtk b wrht`-up. HfG`f‘s piby bt tk`s` twm Mp`fs, Nboc Kmwbrj bfj Ei`ff Omwbf spiht. Fmtbliy, hf Nuf` Ei`ffbvmhj`j b kurtaui imss ly jehfe J`fhs M‘Omffìi jùo` hf tk` 0tk3 bfj hf Bue. Nboc emt tk` l`tt`r ma @rwhf Ci`hf hf :. U`fjy Khocs wmf tk` Umg`f‘s bt lmtk tmurfbg`fts. Ahrst ruff`r-

up wbs Trhsohiib (f`` \`s`c), lboc pibyhfe bt Ghiib Lmozbr‘s Kmiiywmmj Oiul, lut fmw(r`gbrrh`j) bs Trhsohiib Tbrc`r. _òmfj ruff`r-up wbs Hr`f` Meus. Khocs bism tmmc lmtk tk`Ghx`j Jmuli`s whtk k`r ombok Kmwbrj‚tkmuek ohf`gbthobiiy tk`y w`r` <0-<? hf tk`jòhjhfe ?rj kbrj-pr`ss`j tm l`bt Omwbf bfj khs ehriarh`fj Kbffimrh Kbss. Ei`ff wmf lmtk tk`

G`f‘s Jmuli`s, `brih`r whtk \uss Zkmgpsmf, ibt`r whtk Lmlly Eushcmaa._mg` mtk`r r`suits> Hf Nuf`, \uss Zkmgpsmf wmf tk` _`fhmr‘s mv`r Jbffy Lbfbok3 hf

Bue., Lbfbok tk` _`fhmr‘s mv`r Nuihus Tbbi. Lmtk Oibss B‘s w`ft tm E`mre` GoEk``, ibsts`bsmf‘s #2-rbfc`j L piby`r hf Obihamrfhb. \by Euhii`f, wkm tmij b r`pmrt`r k` ’us`j tm prbotho` `hekt kmurs b jby whtk b sbfjpbp`r rboc`t,‗ wbs abst lòmghfe b Kmiiywmmj Z `fHjmi= K` wmf tk` L‘s, tk` L Jmuli`s, tk` O Jmuli`s (whtk Tbui \bpkì wkm‘j must`j khg hftk` O‘s), bfj tk` 25‘s mv`r Lbrry Fìsmf (wkm‘j ìhghfbt`j \bpkì). \by bfj Tbui tk`fomfthfu`j tk`hr jrbgbthos hf Bue.> tk` twm ma tk`g whffhfe tk` L Jmuli`s, \by tk` 25‘s mv`r

Tbui bfj tk` 25 Jmuli`s whtk Ohfjy Ommp`r, Tbui tk` L _hfei`s bfj tk` _ufjby Omfsmibthmf‘smv`r bfmtk`r prmghshfe Nufhmr, @rho Zkmg.

\by Gboc, r`ghfhsohfe, hf b imfe Fmv. ?4, <440 `-gbhi tm g` wrmt` blmut khs

Kmiiywmmj, OB Oiul jbys bs b phfe-pmfe’nufch`‗ (’H piby`j tbli` t`ffhs blmut 0-1 thg`sb w``c, pibyhfe up tm ; kmurs b jby mf

w``c`fjs‗). K`r`‘s khs mp`fhfe>

’H amufj tk` Kmiiywmmj oiul`bsy fmuek, st`pphfe up tk` gbfystbhrs, bfj k`brhfe tkbt smufj H wbft`j/f``j`j tm k`br. Ht wbs tk` smufj ma

guithpi` tbli` t`ffhs lbiis hf b rmmg,whtk tk` squ`bc bfj stmgphfe ma a``t

gmvhfe tm tk` lbiis….Zk`r`, mf tbli`mf`, wbs Lmlly Eushcmaa bfj Ei`ffOmwbf emhfe bt ht. Bfj, ebsp, tk`yw`r` pibyhfe whtk fm skhrts mf! Jmwf

tk` ihf`, b v`rhtbli` wkm‘s wkm ma U`stOmbst sup`rstbrs. @rwhf Ci`hf wbs pibyhfe J`fhs M‘Omffìi (prmlbliy amr $24, tk`y jhjf‘t piby amr guok i`ss tkbf

\by Gboc> ’Thfe-Tmfe Nufch`‗



?2

tkbt). Bfj tk`r` wbs Nboc Kmwbrj, pibyhfe whtk Fhoc Ghftshv`rhs, tk`hr st`bjyorbochfe obj`fo` g`sg`rhzhfetm g`. Zk`s` shx tbli`s w`r`

rhekt f`xt tm `bok mtk`r,s`pbrbt`j mfiy ly phiibrs. Htwbs k`r` tkbt H i`brf`j tk`r`wbs fm suok tkhfe bs b ‛i`t.‘

…\bpkì omuij kbv` l``f pibyhfe \my _ciutk, bghiihmfbhr` wkm obg` tm tk`

oiul amr b wmrcmut. \hjhfe uphf khs \miis \myo`, whtk htsemij-pibt`j erhii, k` wmuij pby/l`t tk` nufhmrs mr

M‘Omffìi amr b s`t mr tkr``.Bitkmuek k` wbs prmlbliy b

2544-i`vì bfj sthii e`tthfe pmhfts tm gbc` ht hft`r`sthfe,k` wbs f`v`r quhoc/sgbrt/s`v`r` `fmuek tm whf guokgmr` tkbf bf moobshmfbi ebg`.Lut k` emt tk` wmrcmut bfj

g`ftbi eygfbsthos tkbt k`wbft`j, bt b imw omst. Ht wbs bwhf/whf shtubthmf amr bii.‗

_@I@OZ@J FMZ@_.*Gbfy y`brs ibt`r, tkbt obsubi tbli` t`ffhs obrj piby`r wmuij turf mut tm l` ’Erbfj

\bphjs Zmg‗‚mf` ma tk` omuftry‘s okbgphmf pmc`r prma`sshmfbis.



?<

Okbpt`r Zkr``

2854> J-N I``/Chghym Curhgmtm Uhf

Zmrmftm OF@ .

Zk` Fmrtkw`st hs mf` ma twm pibo`swk`r` P._. bfj Obfbjhbf piby`rs br` amr sur` emhfe tm hft`rbot. Zk` mtk`r hs bt tk`Zmrmftm Obfbjhbf Fbthmfbi @xkhlhthmf kìjbffubiiy mv`r tk` Iblmr Jby w``c`fj. Zkhs pmpuibr :-jby vbobthmf-tmurfbg`ft kbj bihst`j <1< `ftrh`s. Mp`fhfe Zkursjby piby

wbs omfahf`j tm Obfbjhbf Oims`j v`fts,ehvhfe tkms` armg tk` Trmvhfo`s b wbrg-up`je` mv`r tk` vhshthfe Bg`rhobfs. Hf tk` ;-t`bg G`f‘s Hft`r-Trmvhfohbi Gbtok`s,

Mftbrhm #2 (J`r`c Ubii, Gmjrhs ûips, LhiiOk`fe) `je`j Lrhthsk Omiuglhb (Ibrry I``,

Tkhi Ok`fe, Uhiihbg X `) hf b 0-: tkrhii`r.Ukhi` Mftbrhm imst bii ? tm I``, Ubii bfjûips jhjf‘t ims` bfmtk`r, bfj Lhii Ok`fewmf tk` mf` gbtok k` kbj tm bebhfst X``.Zk` Umg`f‘s Hft`r-Trmvhfohbi Gbtok`s w`r`bism wmf ly Mftbrhm (Qhmi`ttb bfj Aimrb F`sucbhths, Lbrlbrb N`chr, N`ffy Gbrhfcm) mv`r

Ru`lò, 0-?.Jà`fjhfe bfj ?-thg` Obfbjhbf

Oims`j Okbgp Ibrry I``, survhvhfe b 0-ebg`

strueei` hf tk` ;tk

‘s whtk amrg`r Ru`lò Mp`fOkbgphmf Erbkbg E`br, wbs bat`rwbrjs l`bt`f hf tk` s`gh‘s ly @rrmi Ob`tbfm ?-4. Hf

bjvbfohfe tm tk` ahfbi, @rrmi kbj tbc`f mutûips, jùo` hf tk` :tk, bfj Lhii Ok`fe hf tk`qubrt`r‘s. B fbturbi btki`t`‚khs pbr`fts’w`r` lmtk kmoc`y hft`rfbthmfbis amr Euybfb‗‚@rrmi wmuij whf tk` ’NmkfBjghfhs L`st Nufhmr ma tk` X`br‗ bwbrj, bfj

wmuij kbv` b er`bt 2854‘s obr``r bk`bj ma khg bs Obfbjb‘s l`st piby`r. Zk` ehat`j

iàtkbfj`r wkm‘j ihc` tm l` b Tkys. @j.hfstruotmr (s`` OZZB F`ws, Gby, 285<, 24) hssmg`tkhfe ma b spmrts pk`fmg‚k` ’oi`br`j0‘22‗ bt tk` Xmrc Zrboc G``t hf 2852 bfj

pibys mf tk` sokmmi lbsc`tlbii t`bg, wkhoktrbhfs v`ry fhekt bat`r sokmmi.‗

Mf tk` mppmsht` shj` ma tk` Jrbw hftk` s`gh‘s, tk` trbfspibft`j _mutk Barhobf

Ohty Kbii, ZmrmftmArmg tk` 2854 OF@ Trmerbg

Zk` ’ehat`j‗ @rrmi Ob`tbfmTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



??

J`r`c Ubii immc`j tm l` hf er`bt jbfe`r ma l`hfe l`bt`f ly tk` imfe-kbhr`j, hft`ftiy s`rhmusGhijb Ghibo`c. Jmwf <-4 bfj 24-; hf tk` ?rj, Ubii hs mlvhmusiy jhseust`j whtk khgsìa bfj fmjmult hrrhtbt`j ly tk` gbfy Obfbjhbfs hf tk` stbfjs ok``rhfe Ghibo`c mf.

Ghijb wbs tk` 281? Nufhmr Lbjghftmf Okbgp ma Ozòkmsimvbchb, lut kbs kbj tmourtbhi khs pibyhfe lòbus` tk` prhvbt` oiuls br` nust tmm xp`fshv` amr khg. Fmw k` wmuij ihc`

tm piby gmr` tbli` t`ffhs, trbhf kbrj, lut ma omurs` k` kbs tm gbc` b ihvhfe. @gpimy`rs k`r`, k`fmt`s sbjiy, whii fmt biimw khg tm tbc` `v`f sm guok bs bf moobshmfbi imfe w``c`fj.’H obf‘t e`t b skmt mf tk` tbli`, gbf,‗ Ubii hs sbyhfe tm b arh`fj armg tk` _tbt`s wkm‘s

omg` mv`r tm rmmt amr khg. Zk`f, hgg`jhbtìy k` immps b lbii, kbrj, hf.’Ukm wmf mv`r tk`r`=‗ k` bscs, rà`rrhfe tm tk` I``-

Ob`tbfm s`gh. ’Ob`tbfm,‗ omg`s tk` bfsw`r. Zk` rhekt bfsw`r.Ibst y`br, I``, hf tbchfe tk` Okbgphmfskhp, xkbust`j jà`fj`r

Ubii hf tk` ahfbi. Lut fmw I`` hs mut. Bfj sujj`fiy J`r`c hs hf.K` whfs tk` ?rj, :tk, bfj 0tk ebg`s, bjvbfo`s tm tk` ahfbi. Zk`f,amur ebg`s ibt`r bs Ob`tbfm sphfs khs rboc`t khek hftm tk` bhr, Ubii lòmg`s tk` ahrst erbfjabtk`r `v`r tm whf tk` Obfbjhbf Oims j.

J`r`c bism tmmc tk` Oims`j Jmuli`s whtk E`br, omghfe armg <-2jmwf tm l`bt Ob`tbfm/Lhii Ok`fe.

Zk` Umg`f‘s ma omurs` w`ft tm Qhmi`ttb F`sucbhths mv`r ‘1; Okbgp Kì`f _hg`ri hf tk` s`gh‘s bfj ‘00 Okbgp N`ffyGbrhfcm hf tk` ahfbi, bat`r N`ffy kbj somr`j b surprhs` 0-ebg`whf mv`r Nmyo` Kòkt. H jmf‘t cfmw ha Qhmi`ttb piby`j jmuli`swhtk shst`r Aimrb, lut ha sk` jhj, tk`y jhjf‘t gbc` tk` ahfbi. _hg`ri/Gbrh` C`rr w`r` tk` whff`rs, jmwfhfe tk` imfe stblihsk`j

pbrtf`rskhp ma Gbrhfcm/Q itb Bjghfhs. Fmr jhj F`sucbhths, pbhr`j whtk Ibrry I`` (ht nustwbsf‘t khs tmurfbg`ft), omg` ahrst hf tk` Ghx`j. Ob`tbfm bfj Lbrlbrb N`chr, amrg`r O`ftrbiBg`rhobf Okbgphmf, stmpp`j tk`g hf tk` ahfbi.

OF@ Nufhmr TibyBimfe whtk rèuibr Nufhmr piby mf Arhjby, tk` @x‘s Nujehfe

\hfe br`fb wbs tk` ahrst-thg` v`fu` amr tk` (21-t`bg) Nufhmr Z`bgGbtok`s (? piby`rs tm b t`bg‚mf` (B) ufj`r 25, mf` (L) ufj`r 20,

bfj mf` (O) ufj`r 2?). E`mre` Nmvbfmv`stblihsk`j tk` amiimwhfe amrgbt> B pibystk` mppmshfe B bfj L3 O pibys O bfj L3bfj L pibys B, L, bfj O. Uhff`r kbs tm

tbc` : gbtok`s mut ma 5. Zk` ahfbi amur t`bgs w`r` Mftbrhm, Ru`lò, F`w Xmrc,

bfj Ghokhebf. Zkr`` ma tk`s` t`bgswmuij `fj up th`j3 Ru`lò wbs fmt hfomft`fthmf (lut tk` spòtbtmrs `fnmy`jGmftr`bi‘s Nboqu`s Lml`t‘s sibg lbfe chii bfj omuft`r-chii whf

mv`r @jjh` Im). F`w Xmrc wbs l`bt`f ly Mftbrhm wk`f Ebry Bjìgbf

imst tm Ob`tbfm3 \hoc \ugli` aìi tm Tbui Ci`vhfbs3 bfj 8-y`br-mij _omtt Lmeebf jrmpp`j khs twm gbtok`s.

J`r`c Ubii, 2854 OF@

G`f‘s Okbgphmf

E`mre` Nmvbfmv, Nufhmr

Z`bg Gbtok`s Jhròtmr

Nboqu`s Lml`t, Nr. -

b sibg-lbfe chii`r=



?:

Bebhfst Ghokhebf, kmw`v`r, F`w Xmrc r`lmufj`j. Ha tkhs tmurfbg`ft kbj b Gmst Qbiubli` Tiby`r Bwbrj, \ugli`ghekt wìi kbv` wmf ht. K` lèbf khs ahrst gbtok ma tk` jby ly l`bthfe Jbffy _``ghii`r ma tk` P._. Nufhmr Z`bg, bfj fmw, bsOmbok Nboc Kmwbrj immcs mf, \hoc, jà`fjhfe whtk lhrj jme

j`t`rghfbthmf, `je`s tk` `v`r-bttbochfe I`sf`r. ’H jmf‘t lìh`v` ht!‗ sbys Lhii mf imshfe tkhs tkrhii`r jùo` hf tk` ?rj. Zk`@bst t`bg hfor`bs`s hts i`bj bat`r Bjìgbf somr`s b ?-ebg` whfmv`r Ghc` Q`hii`tt`. Zk`f wk`f Lmeebf ims`s twm bfj \ugli`stmps Nàa Nbrvìb, ht‘s F.X. ?, Ghokhebf <.

_m fmw ht‘s I`sf`r vs. Bjìgbf. Zk` ahrst ebg` em`s tmEbry bt jùo`‚bfj Lhii kbj l`tt`r lìh`v` ht. Lut hf spht` ma

Bjìgbf‘s surprhs` aihoc omuft`r-bttboc tm I`sf`r‘s kbrj-jrhvhfe immp, Lhii rbiih`s tm tbc` tk` f`xt twm ebg`s. T`rkbpssmg`lmjy emma`j bfj I`sf`r skmuij kbv` l``f b rèuibr,rbtk`r tkbf bf bit`rfbt`, mf tk` P._. Nufhmr Z`bg=

Uhtk tk` gbtok`s th`j bt ?-?, tk` qu`sthmf hs> ’ObfQ`hii`tt` r`p`bt khs @bst`rf‘s P-2? whf mv`r \ugli`= Zk`

bfsw`r, tkmuek Ghc`‘s kbrj-jrhvhfe immps bfj chiis whf tk` 2st,hs Fm. \ugli` whfs 0 hf b rmw armg 2?-2< hf tk` ?rj, bfj F.X.tmps Ghokhebf :-?.

Bebhfst Mftbrhm, Ghokhebf‘s maa tm b v`ry skbcy stbrt wk`f Ob`tbfm l`bts Q`hii`tt`, bfjHgjbj Ckbf (wkm‘s fmt ihst`j hf tk Trmerbg) jmwfs Nbrvìb. Lut hf b r`-gbtok ma tk`hr P._. Mp`fLmys Pfj`r 2? ahfbi, Q hii`tt` bebhf e`ts tk` l`tt`r ma Ci`vhfbs, rbiiyhfe armg <4-25 jmwf hf tk` <fj.

Bfj shfo` I`sf`r bfj Q`hii`tt` br` tmm strmfe amr Ckbf, bfj Ci`vhfbs gust l`bt Nbrvìb, tk` wkmi`th` o`ft`rs rmufj tk` I`sf`r-Ob`tbfm gbtok.

Zk`y trbj` ebg`s bfj tk`f, whtk tk` F.X. t`bg iusthiy ok``rhfe Ob`tbfm (ha Mftbrhm whfs,

F.X. omg s hf <fj

3 ha tk`y jmf‘t, F.X. jrmps tm ?rj

hf tk` gbtok`s-wmf-bfj-imst th`-lr bc`r), bfjwhtk tk` Ghokhebf t`bg whijiy rmmthfe amr I`sf`r, tk` somr` hs 20-24 Ob`tbfm. Lut tk`f Lhii gbc`skhs gmv`. Ahv` s`rv`s kìp tm s`t up ahv` sgbskhfe amr`kbfjs, bfj I`sf`r c`s ht mut bt 28. Ht‘s Lhii‘s

emmj piby tkbt jòhj`s Obpt. Kmwbrj, wkm‘s l``f ehv`f tk` jhsor`thmf tm jm ht, mr a`ìs k` kbs, tmsulsthtut` Bit`rfbtÌ`sf`r amr Z`bgg`gl`r Jbffy_``ghii`r hf tk``v`fhfe‘s Nufhmr

Hft`rfbthmfbiGbtok`s.

Hf tk`bat`rfmmf bfj`v`fhfe, bat`r tk`Z`bg `v`ft, tk`

ymufest`rs bgus`tk`gsìv`s whtkBrmufj tk` Umrijauf (`bok tbchfe khs

I-\> Lhii I`sf`r, _omtt Lmeebf, Nàa _gbrt, Ebry Bjìgbf, Jìi _w``rhs,

Gburho` Kuft`r, Zhggy Kmus`, Ghc` Q`hii`tt`

\hocy \ugli`>

piby wmrtky ma bf GQT



?0

turf bt omftbothfe tk` lbii bs k` gmv`s ohrouibriy rmufj tk` tbli`) bfj piby tk`hr vbrhmusJhvhshmfs mut‚tk` mf` xo`pthmf l`hfe tk` Nufhmr ahfbi, wkhok wbs ermup`j whtk mtk`r ahfbismf _ufjby. B ròmrj 01 `ftrh`s sbw 25-y`br-mij Ob`tbfm jà`bt 20-y`br-mij Bjìgbf, ?-4, tmtbc` tk` thti`. Hf b <-2 s`gh‘s, Bjìgbf ìhghfbt`j Gmftr`bi‘s \mj Xmufe wkm‘j cfmoc`j mut_``ghii`r hf tk` qubrt`r‘s. Jbffy kbj l`bt`f Ebry hf tk` Z`bg‘s, bfj, kbvhfe ehv`f up mtk`r

spmrts tkhs sugg`r tm skbrp`f khs piby amr tk` Nufhmr Hft`rfbthmfbi Gbtok`s, wbs emhfe tm l`quht` put mut, bfj khs pbr`fts tmm, wk`f Z`bg Obptbhf Nboc Kmwbrj jhjf‘t us` khg.Bjìgbf, j`spht` khs imss tm _``ghii`r‚ht wbs tk` 2st gbtok ma b er`bt gbfy k` wbs tm

piby hf tk` tmurfbg`ft‚jhj wìi fmuek. Ob`tbfm, k` sbhj, wbs bli` tm gmv` khg brmufj, bfjsm c`pt omftrmi tm tbc` tk` skmts k` wbft`j tm. @rrmi kbj rò`ftiy okbfe`j khs erhp‚ht wbs tmmimms` làmr`‚bfj fmw whtk khs hgprmv`j ammtwmrc k` wbsf‘t str`tokhfe amr tk` lbii. Kmursbfj kmurs k`‘j prbotho`j, jby bat`r jby, gmstiy whtk Lhii Ok`fe, bfj tkhs ma omurs` kbj kìp`j

khg tm jmwf I`sf`r, 2;, 28 hf tk` s`gh‘s.Lhii, ihc` Qbfomuv`r‘s Jbffy Gbttsmf (wkm wmrc`j hf

b obr imt mv`r tk` sugg`r tm e`t gmf`y tm omg` k`r`), hs 21bfj pibyhfe khs ibst y`br bs b

Nufhmr. (Tmmr Gbttsmf‚’Ha Hwbs lmrf mf` jby ibt`r,‗ k`

sbhj, ’H omuij piby hf tkhstmurfbg`ft f`xt y`br.‗) Lhiibism kbj sp`ft kmurs prbothohfe‚hf Jìi _w``rhs‘s lbs`g`ft wk`r` Jìi kbjskmw`j khg kmw tm hgprmv`

khs lbockbfj. Ma kìp, tmm, Lhiisbhj, w`r` twm oihfhos lyChghym Curhgmtm bfj _bg

Q`hii`tt`, bfj nust prbothohfewhtk emmj Ghokhebf nufhmrs.

Mf` ma tkms` Lhii kbj

l``f prbothohfe whtk wbsNbfho` Gbrthf. Lut tk`f sk`‘jtmrf b obrthibe` hf k`r iè, bfj,shfo` sk`‘j nust emtt`f mut ma tk` kmsphtbi, kbj tm sht mut tkhs tmurfbg`ft. _k` wbs k`r`wbtokhfe tkmuek, kbvhfe emtt`f tk` trbvì lue bs bf @xokbfe`

_tuj`ft tm _w`j`f tkhs sugg`r. ’H kbj b ahf` thg`,‗ sk` sbhj.’lut, lmy, tk`hr gmrbi stbfjbrjs sur` br` jhaa`r`ft.‗

Nujy Lmok`fsch, wkm sthii kbs tkr`` gmr` y`brs ma Nufhmr Ghss ìhehlhihty, wmf tk` thti` tkhs y`br mv`r b guok-hgprmv`j_u` Khij`lrbfjt, 2:, -<2, 20. Zk` s`gh‘s Jrbw kbj Nujy pibyhfe k`r arh`fj, tk` Tbohaho Fmrtkw`st‘s @ish` _phffhfe, bfj

_u` pibyhfe Mieb _mit`sz. Ihc` Mieb, Nujy wbs spmfsmr`j.’Ahrst thg` gy jbj bfj H trh`j ht, w` w`ft jmwftmwf tm tkìbre`r stmr`s, tk` okbhf stmr`s, bfj mut tm tk` skmpphfe o`ft`rs.U` tbic`j tm gbfbe`rs, maa`r`j tk`g `xkhlhthmfs, bfj gbfy

Jbffy Gbttsmf - lmrf b jby tmm `briy


Nbfho` GbrthfTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



?1

w`r` r`biiy hft`r`st`j. Lmf Gbrok`, boimtk`s stmr`, ebv` g` tk` stbfjly pibf` abr .‗ T`rkbps fmw Nujy whii jmbs Mieb jm`s= Hfvht` b r`pmrt`r amr jhff`r, ehv` khg tk` stmry, bfj gbc`

sur` tk` spmfsmr hs tkbfc`j pulihoiy hf prhft=Zk` Lmys‘ whff`r wbs

Q`hii`tt` mv`r Ci`vhfbs, 2:, <?.Ghc`‘s jbj, _bg, wkm wbsr`spmfshli` amr lrhfehfe 20 Nufhmrsarmg tk` J`trmht br`b, wbs hrrhtbt`j

tkbt bat`r 20 kmurs ma omfsòuthv` piby, ufthi 2>44 b.g. Arhjby, Ghc` kbjtm r`turf tm piby tkhs Lmys‘ ahfbi bt8>?4 tkbt gmrfhfe. Ghc` wbs hf emmj

skbp`‚kbj l``f ruffhfe b ghi` mr twm `v`ry jby, jmhfe khs obihstk`fhos, khs `x`rohs`s‚sthii,sbhj _bg, khs brg wbs ’nust fbturbiiy smr` armg bii tkbt pibyhfe. K`‘s fmt b gbokhf`. K`‘s b

lmy.‗ Zk` Zmurfbg`ft Omgghtt`` wmuijf‘t ehv` Ghc` bfy r spht`‚fm, k` omuijf‘t em kmg`,r`st khs brg, bfj piby khs s`gh‘s bfj ahfbi Arhjby gmrfhfe lòbus` tk`y‘j l` skmrt mf mp`ftbli`s. _bg jhjf‘t lìh`v` ht. Bfj f`xt gmrfhfe k` wbs sbyhfe, ’K`r` ht hs 22 m‘oimoc, bfj mftk`s` shx tbli`s hf tk` ibst kmur bfj b kbia tk`y‘v` piby`j xbotiy twm gbtok`s. Zk`y‘r` emhfetm kbv` 20 kmurs ma j`bj tbli` thg`.‗

’Zk` prmli`g hs,‗ _bg w`ft mf, ’ymu obf‘t wbic up tm tk` omftrmi j`sc‚fmt k`r` mr

hf tk` P._.‚bfj gbc` b r`bsmfbli` r`qu`st tm tk` p`mpi` tk`r`. Zk`y bii kbv` suok bjhotbtmrhbi btthtuj`. Zk`y nust jmf‘t ehv` b jbgf.‗

Ehris‘ _hfei`s w`ft tm P._. Mp`f Pfj`r 20 ruff`r-up Nujy Lmok`fsch‚mv`r 2<-y`br-

mij Okbt`bueuby, Ru`lò‘s Gbrhbff Jmgmfcms wkm `bshiy wmf tk` Ghje`t Ehris‘ armg _bfjrbI`nb ma Kbghitmf, Mftbrhm. Ghje`t Lmys‘ w`ft nust bs `bshiy tm Zmrmftm‘s Ci`vhfbs mv`r Qho_cunhfs ma Zmrmftm. (Tbui wbs tk` mf` jhstrhluthfe lbtktul l``r bt tk` Tiby`rs Tbrty‚b chj

U.O. Ahìjs wmuij l` prmuj ma.)

OF@ Hft`rfbthmfbi Gbtok`sHf tk` G`f‘s Hft`rfbthmfbi Gbtok`s Arhjby `v`fhfe, tk` P._. (J-N I``, Nmkf Zbff`khii,

@rrmi \`s`c) wkht`wbsk`j Obfbjb (J`r`c Ubii, Ibrry I``, Euy E`rgbhf), 0-4. Mf` mls`rv`r pmhfts mut kmw tk` lbii nust skmmts mut armg J-N‘s v`ry ihekt bfj imms iy kìj rboc`t. ’Ehv` khg

b rèuibr pbjji` bfj k` omuijf‘t piby kbia bs wìi.‗ Mk, sur`.Zbff`khii, wkm‘s fmt oi`br blmut, wìi, b fugl`r ma tkhfes, kbs l``f amro`j tm okbfe`

skhrts. Fmw, mut tk`r` pibyhfe Ibrry I``, k` hf`vhtbliy omfthfu`s tm jrbw mur btt`fthmf. Kòbtok`s b s`rv`, bfj immcs hfquhrhfeiy bt ugphr` \uaamrj Kbrrhsmf. ’Ukbt‘s tk` gbtt`r=‗ bscs\uaamrj. Zbff`khii, wkm a`ìs ht‘s mlvhmus k` wbsf‘t r`bjy amr tk` s`rv`, sbys g`rìy, ’I`t.‗’Tmhft tm I``,‗ sbys Kbrrhsmf. Ibt`r, \uaamrj tìis g`, ’Kbj Nmkf sbhj tkbt k` wbsf‘t r`bjy, H

prmlbliy wmuijf‘t kbv` obii`j ht bebhfst khg. Lut, r`biiy, ht‘s thg` tk`s` tmp piby`rs cfmw tk`rui`s.‗ Bs piby omfthfu`s, lmtk Nmkf bfj khs t`bggbt` J-N ber`` bt mf` pmhft tkbt Ibrry I``‘s lbii kbs kht tk` `je`. \uaamrj mv`rrui`s tk` lmtk ma tk`g, sbys k` sbw oi briy tkbt tk` lbii jhjfmt kht. Bs Nmkf bfj Ibrry em hftm tk` jòhjhfe ?rj, Ombok Kmwbrj wbrfs Zbff`khii tkbt k`

Ghc` Q`hii`tt` -

fmt b gbokhf`Tkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



?5

gust ’bgìhmrbt`‗ khs ?rj-lbii bttboc. Nmkf fmjs hf ufj`rstbfjhfe‚wkhok hs mf` gmr` r`bsmfwky k` skmuij e`t b Zbli` Z`ffhs sokmibrskhp tm tk` Pfhv`rshty ma Bfypibo`.

Uhtk rèbrj tm tk` J-N I`` vs.J`r`c Ubii gbtok, mf` pmhft tìis tk` wkmi` stmry. Bat`r b gbrvìmus `xokbfe`, Ubii abr lboc, omg`s ruffhfe hf tm…obtok tk` lbii, tkrmw ht lboc up hftk` bhr, bfj swbt ht hf. Zk` ormwj ok``rs.

Hf tk` Umg`f‘s Hft`rfbthmfbi, Obfbjb (Qhmi`ttb F`sucbhths, Nmyo` Kòkt) l`bts tk`P._. (Omffh` _w``rhs, Biho` Er``f) ?-2. Zkmuek Er``f e`ts ly Kòkt <2, <2, F`sucbhths hfshfei`s mr jmuli`s hs nust tmm emmj.

Hf tk` Nufhmr Hft`rfbthmfbi, tk` P._., hf tk`bls`fo` ma tmp phocs C`vhf Lìi, Nmkf Ruhoc bfjBfeìhtb \msbi, ahìj`j Lhii I`sf`r, Ebry Bjìgbf, bfjMieb _mit`sz‚bfj wmf :-< mv`r Obfbjb (@rrmi

Ob`tbfm, Tbui Ci`vhfbs, Gbrhbff Jmgmfcms). ’Hs tkbt b lmy mr b ehri=‗ smg`mf` sbys ma 2<-y`br-mij Jmgmfcms._k`‘s ihtti` cfmwf tm gbfy‚kbsf‘t l``f omgp`ththv``v`f b y`br, hs bt k`r 2st OF@, k`r kbhr‘s out skmrt, bfj,

wmw, sk`‘s khtthfe tk` lbii kbrj. _k` ims`s tm _mit`sz,bfj Ci`vhfbs tm I`sf`r. Zkmuek Ob`tbfm whfs khs twm

shfei`s, k` bfj Gbrhbff ims` b c`y 2;-hf-tk`-?rj jmuli`stm I`sf`r/_mit`sz. Lut tk` gmst mlvhmus swhfe gbtok hstk` Bjìgbf-Ci`vhfbs mf`. Ebry‘s jmwf 28-21 hf tk`?rj, tk`f> _`rv` bfj mf`, 28-25. _`rv` bfj mf`, 28-2;._`rv` bfj mf`, 28-bii. _`rv` bfj mf`, <4-28, Ebry. Zk`f k` ghss`s, lut whfs hf jùo`.

OF@ G`f‘s Mp`f _hfei`s

Hftm tk` kmus` ma tk` whff`r ma tkhs 2854 OF@ Mp`f G`f‘s _hfei`s omg`s, `v`ry twmw``cs, 04 pmufjs ma Nbpbf`s` rho`. Mfo`, twho`, tkr`` thg`s wbsk`j ma hfsòthohj`s, ht kìps tm

gbc` khg strmfe. Fm, fm, H‘g fmt tbichfe blmut Kbsèbwb, mr Htm, lut blmut mur mwf P._.Okbgphmf, J-N I``, wkm kbs nust tbc`f mv`r (H lìh`v` i`bs`j) Jbffy Qèk‘s lhiihbrj bfj tbli`t`ffhs `gpmrhug hf Oi`vìbfj.

K`r`, fmt mfiy hf tk` f`brly bfhgbi-stbiis, lut hf tk` Nujehfe \hfe tmurfbg`ft v`fu` bttkhs Zmrmftm Abhrermufjs, tk` guithtujhfmus aih`s w`r` bebhf bt tk`hr fmhsy whfe, tk`hr shi`ftorbwi. Mfiy tkhs y`br tk` Zmurfbg`ft Omgghtt`` wbs sbhj tm l` r`bjy amr tk`g. B ’Pfhv`rsbi_prby`r‗ ht kbj, auii ma j`btk-j`bihfe \bhj. Zk` aìimw f`xt tm g` omuek`j, erhff`j, bfj sbhj,’Uhtk mf` ibre` jms`, ymu obf chii 24 aih`s, mr 2 gbf.‗

Gbyl` J-N, omghfe tm tkhs tmurfbg`ft amr tk` ahrst thg`, wbs fmt hgguf` tm

hts…okbrgs= Bs tk` tmurfbg`ft prmer`ss`j, ht wbs bigmst bs ha k`‘j l``f ammj amr tk` aih`s,ahfhsk`j‚amr tk` abot wbs k`‘j l``f `xt`fj`j bs f`v`r làmr`, kbj tm `fjur` twm 0-ebg`

gbtok`s. B quhoc mv`rvh`w skmws trmuli`‘s bluzzhfe amr J-N bat`r k`‘s jrmpp`j b ebg` tm IhgGhfe Okuh hf tk` ;tk‘s. Zk`f, hf tk` 0-ebg` qubrt`r‘s, ht omg`s swbrghfe bt khg hf tk` p`rsmfma abst-gmvhfe T`t`r Trbjht (r`bi fbg`> Thvhtshrhpbcj`, prmfmufo`j THQ-ht-shr-hk-TBKC-jby…Htkhfc). Trbjht, armg Zkbhibfj, kbs l``f hf tkhs omuftry mfiy b a`w gmftks (imfe fmuek,

tkmuek, tm l`bt _w``rhs hf tkbt Erbfj \bphjs tmurfbg`ft) bfj bppbr`ftiy hft`fjs tm r`gbhfk`r` amr smg` thg`. K` jà`bts I``, ?-4. Zkr``-thg` Obfbjhbf Okbgp Ibrry I``.

Bs amr tkbt mtk`r I``, hf tk` ahfbi bebhfst brok-rhvbi Nmkf Zbff`khii k`‘s maa tm bomgamrtbli <-zhp stbrt, lut tk`f, bs ht w`r`, hs sujj`fiy sm \bhj-sprby`j w`bc`f`j bs tm e`t

Gbrhbff JmgmfcmsTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



?;

mfiy 24 pmhfts armg Nmkf hf lmtk tk` ?rj bfj :tk ebg`s. Bat`r tkbt, kmw`v`r, I`` kbs amufjsmg` lr`btkhfe rmmg, bfj whtk khs <2-2? whf hf tk` 0 tk, bii r`turfs tm tk` Okbgphmf‘s wmrij bsht wbs.

Hf tk` lèhffhfe tk`r` w`r` b ròmrj 2:4-smg` `ftrh`s. Ma omurs` bii lut mf` wmuij l` l`bt`f smmf`r mr ibt`r. Zhg Lmeebf cf`w mf` `ftry wkm wmuij l` l`bt`f smmf`r tkbf smmf`r,

w`r` tkbt pmsshli`. Gbchfe khs j`lut bt tk` OF@, pibyhfe fmw hf tk` G`f‘s, wbs @rho Lmeebf,wkm, shx w``cs làmr`, kbj turf`j 5. Jurhfe khs mp`fhfe gbtok bebhfst fho`-euy L`ffy Kuii@rho sp`fjs smg` ma tk` thg` aughfe ufj`r tk` tbli`. ’L`ffy,‗ H sby, bat`r tk` omgpi`thmf ma,qumt`, tk` gbtok, ’H‘g sm smrry. H jmf‘t cfmw wkbt pmss`ss`j g`.‗ ’K`y,‗ k` r`pih`s, ’k`‘symur prmli`g, fmt ghf`.‗ Maa @rho bfj H em tk`f tm sht mf tk` abhrermufjs aimmr ly tk` embts.’@rho,‗ H sby, ’tkbt aìimw ymu piby`j wbs b gbf, jhj ymu r`biiy tkhfc ymu skmuij kbv` l`bt`fkhg=‗ ’Uìi,‗ k` sbys, ’H skmuij kbv` piby`j b imt l`tt`r.‗

Bi`x _khrmcy tkmuekt k` wmuij l` l`bt`f ibt`r, kmpàuiiy guok ibt`r, lut tkbt wbs làmr` k` phoc`j up smg` wbt`ry-`y`j bii`rey. Zk`f, tmm, k` prmlbliy kbjf‘t omuft`j mf NhgJhxmf l`hfe bs emmj bs k` wbs. Hf abot, omfshj`rhfe tk` iboc ma omgp`ththmf Nhg kbs hf Luaabim,k` pibys bgbzhfeiy wìi. Ma bii tk` piby`rs bt tk` tmurfbg`ft, gy 8-y`br-mij bsc`j mfiy Nhg amr

khs butmerbpk. Uky= Lòbus` k`‘s b lbiipiby`r‚wbs shef`j ly J`trmht, lut obuekt tmfshiihths nust làmr` sprhfe trbhfhfe, wbs rì bs`j, bfj hs fmw pibyhfe Oibss BB lbii whtk tk` Ubii‘s

G`gmrhbi t`bg hf Luaabim.Bfj sp`bchfe ma

lbs`lbii, _khrmcy smg`thgìmmcs ihc` k` ghekt l` bskmrtstmp kurryhfe tm gbc` bjmuli` piby. Kmw k` obf ruf

bfj nugp! Lut, bibs, khsthghfe‘s fmt biwbys sm emmj.Kbvhfe survhv`j b skbcy 0tk-

ebg` stbrt (jmwf 5-?, k` whfstk` f`xt 0 mf Jhxmf‘s s`rv`),Bi`x hs bk`bj 21-20 wk`f

Jhxmf‘s lbockbfj omuft`r obtok`s ahrst tk` tbli` bfj tk`f_khrmcy‘s kbfj, amr Bi`xtkmuekt, kmp`j, ht wbs emhfemaa. Bt 25-bii, _khrmcy bigmst kbia-k`brt`jiy trh`s tm kht hf tk` s`rv`, ghss`s. Pp 28-2;, k` em`samr tk` a`fo`. Ukhaa! Pp <4-28, surprhs`, k` r`tr`bts, puts b lbii up tkbt bfy ma Jhxmf‘s

t`bggbt`s omuij wkboc hf. Ukbt‘s emhfe tkrmuek khs ghfj= Ghss, Jhxmf! Ghss! Lut Jhxmfjm`sf‘t ghss‚k`‘j kbv` tm l` pbrbiyz`j tm jm tkbt. Jùo`!

Bfj fmw Nhg wkhaas mf`. Ukbt Bi`x kbs emt hs obtokhfe= ’Mk,‗ sbys smg`lmjy, ’tk`sèuys br` smmm thekt!‗ Zk`f Nhg e`ts b amr`kbfj hf. Bfj Bi`x wkhaas. Bfj Bi`x wkhaas bebhf. Hftkhs ebg`, hf tkhs shtubthmf, twm strhc`s bfj ymu‘r` mut.

Ghtokìi _`bithì, tk` kmtt`st f`w obfjhjbt` amr tk` P._. Z`bg, wbs bism bigmst mut

`briy. Okbt`bueuby, Ru`lò‘s Bjkbg _kbrbrb, whtk b omfshst`ft rmii bfj smihj jà`fs`, kbj khgjmwf <-4, tk`f jmwf <-2 bfj bt jùo` hf tk` :tk làmr` k` wbs bli` tm `sobp`….@sobp`, jhj Hsby= Amr kmw imfe= Lòbus` hf tk` f`xt rmufj Ghtok wbs bebhf l`khfj <-4. Zkhs thg` tm @rrmi\`s`c wkm, sghihfe b ihtti` bt khs arh`fj‘s oi`fok`j-ahst `xkmrtbthmfs fmt tm em siboc, jhj em

Bi`x

_khrmcy



?8

siboc, bfj bebhf _`bithì, whffhfe tk` ibst ? ebg`s,survhv`j. Bs amr Nboc Kmwbrj, wkmg Ghtok hs tm piby hf tk` qubrt`r‘s, k`, tmm, wbs hf trmuli ‚ bebhfst Okhobem‘s Nhg Ibzbrus. ’K` simws g` upbfj H obf‘t jm bfytkhfe,‗ sbys Nboc. Lut tkbt ‛s

fmt tru`‚Kmwbrj‘s bli` tm whf <1-<: hf tk` :

tk

.Zbff`khii, ly l`bthfe Ibfjbu ?-4, bat`r Qho kbj emtt`f ly Gbx Gbrhfcm hf bf`xp`jht`j 0-ebg`r, whii g``t Lrbtkwbht` hf tk`qubrt`r‘s. E`mre`, mf prmvhfe tmm st`bjy amr Euy E`rgbhf, bjvbfo`s tm piby tk` whff`r ma tk` L`rfh` Luch`t-Jbffy \mllhfs gbtok. ’H

kbv` tm wmrc sm kbrj,‗ omgpibhfs L`rfh` mfimshfe tk` 2st <;-<1. Lut tkmuek Jbffyomfthfu`s tm gmv` wìi, bfj orbocs gbfy b lbiitkrmuek, Luch`t, whtk khs kbhr out hf thgì`ss

Trhfo` Qbihbft abskhmf, stbys stmrylmmc strmfe.Lrbtkwbht` cfmws kmw jurbli` tk`

behfe L`rfh` sthii hs, bfj omg`s bt khg ihc` b gbf pmss`ss`j. H‘v` f`v`r s``f Zk` Okhà kht tk` lbii sm kbrj, whtk suok aury. Mf whffhfe tk` 2st bt 24, k` s`fjs L`rfh` rmufj tk` tbli` sghihfe,skbchfe khs k`bj, ’K` piby ihc` tkhs, wkbt H jm=‗ Lut E`mre` jm`sf‘t piby ihc` tkhs v`ry ebg`, bfjLuch`t xt`fjs khg hftm tk` fj-ebg` 0tk làmr` ahfhskhfe pmmriy ly puskhfe twm lbiis hftm tk` f`t.

Mf tk` mtk`r shj` ma tk` Jrbw, Aubrfbjm \ml`rts hs blmut tm l` t`st`j ly Erbkbg E`br wkm‘s nust gbrrh`j _bfjrb T`ftibfj, b Thttslurek ehri. _mg` tkhfc tk` amrg`r Uìsk stbr obf

immp tk` whiy Nbgbhobf bwby3 H gbc` b sgbii wbe`r tm tk` omftrbry. \mllh` whfs tk` 2st bt 28,ims`s tk` <fj. Lut ly tk` ?rj ebg`, \mllh` ahfjs Erbkbg‘s piby, hfoiujhfe khs immps bfj jrmps,quht` pr`jhotbli`, bfj sm whfs hf :. K` tk`f em`s mf, bat`r l`hfe jmwf <-2, tm must tk`

Obfbjhbf Oims`j Okbgp J`r`c Ubii wkm, bs ht kbpp`fs, tkmuek k` jhjf‘t piby hf tk` NbgbhobfHft`rfbthmfbi, kbs nust sp`ft smg` thg` hf tk` U`st Hfjh`s, ombokhfe.*

Zk` qubrt`r‘s gbtok`s ufamrtufbtìy br` bii l`hfe piby`j bt tk` sbg` thg`. Hf tk` imw`r

kbia ma tk` Jrbw, Lrbtkwbht` okbii`fe`s Zbff`khii hf tk` 2 st lut abiis <2-28 skmrt, bfj tk`r`bat`r obf‘t omft`st. G`bfwkhi`, bebhfst _`bithì, Kmwbrj whfs tk` 2st bt 28, tk`f tk` <fj, lut hf tk` ?rj

hs jmwf <4-2;. Ghtok kbs l``f ehvhfe khg b tmuek thg` whtk khs amrohfe lbockbfj limocs. ’K` kbs ufj`rsphf mf tk`g,‗ Nboc‘s tm sby ibt`r.’Zk`y‘r` v`ry jhaahouit tm e`t us`j tm.‗ Bfj, tkhfchfe sm, Nboc em`s lboc mfjà`fs`‚ht‘s b strbtèy okbfe` tkbt wmrcs. ’H jm wkbt‘s r`quhr`j tm whf,‗

k` sbys.Hf tk` upp`r kbia, _w``rhs kbs bjvbfo`j tm \ml`rts ly l`bthfe Arbfc

Ubtsmf, amrg`riy #2 hf Zrhfhjbj. Arbfc, fmw emhfe tm rbjhm sokmmi hf Zmrmftm,kbj spiht khs ibst twm gbtok`s whtk Lrbtkwbht` hf tk` Obrhll`bfOkbgphmfskhps, bfj twho` kbj tbc`f tk` Imfjmf-lbs`j Nbgbhobf I`s Kbsibghftm tk` jòhjhfe ?rj. Ubii obii`j Ubtsmf b ’aimbt`r‗ ‚wkhok g`bft mf wbs tm

wbtok mut amr khg. Bfj, hfj``j, whtk khs v`ry skmrt, v`ry abst ohrouibr immpstrmc` bfj khs sgmmtk okmp jà`fs` k` l`bt Ob`tbfm bfj Lmeebf (wkmsàmr`kbfj, hfv`rt`j fmw mf tk` bjvho` ma Ghi`s, hs kmpì`ss). Bebhfst b st`bjy_w``rhs, kmw`v`r, tk` l`st Ubtsmf obf jm hs 28 hf tk` ?rj.

Jbffy \mllhfs

Amrg`r Zrhfhjbj #2

Arbfc UbtsmfArmg tk` 281;

Obrhll`bf Okbgph-

mfskhps Trmerbg



:4

Ibst y`br bt tkhs thg` Jìi wbs e`tthfe us`j tm phgpi`s mf lmtk shj`s. Zkhs y`br k`‘se`tthfe us`j tm hfv`rt`j mf tk` amr`kbfj. Zk` hj`b, bs H‘v` g`fthmf`j làmr`, hs amr khg tm l`btI``. Uk`f J-N immps armg mut j``p, Jìi‘s tm limoc tkbt lbii lboc, tk`f gmv` quhociy (’H‘gquhoc`r bt tk` tbli` fmw‗) tm tk` amr`kbfj bttboc. K`r`tmamr`, ha k` kht tk` skmt whtk phgpi`s,I`` wmuij e`t tmm gbfy ma tk`g lboc, wmuij l` bli` tm e`t s`t bebhf3 lut ha Jìi obf immp whtk

tk` hfv`rt`j k`‘ii gmst ihcìy fj up whffhfe tk` pmhft v`ry thg`._m, kbvhfe omg` tm tkhs omfoiushmf, bii _w``rhs kbs tm jm fmw hs e`t pbst \ml`rts. Lut,mk gy, Jìi ims`s tk` 2st làmr` rbiiyhfe strmfeiy hf tk` <fj bfj ?rj (jmwf 2:-22 hf lmtk, k` rufsht strbhekt tm <4 hf lmtk) bfj em`s up <-2. Lut \ml`rts e`ts us`j tm tk` hfv`rt`j immps. Jìi‘smwf sphf r`biiy imbjs up tk` lbii mf hts r`turf bfj Jìi obf‘t chii whtk tk` hfv`rt`j bs wìi bs k`jhj whtk tk` phgpi`s. Trmli`gs, prmli`gs, wkhok`v`r wby k` turfs.

Mf` obf s`fs` Jìi‘s arustrbthmf. ’Ruht ymur tbichfe!‗ k` yìis bt smg`lmjy, bfylmjy, bt 28-

bii hf tk` :tk, tk`f ims`s tkbt ebg`. Hf tk` 0tk, \ml`rts hs up 21-2:. \`bjy tm s`rv`, k` jrbws khs rhektammt sihektiy up‚wbht! _w``rhs kbs b t`br hf khs y`. \mllh`‘s b stujy hf sthii iha`, r`gbhfs gmthmfi`ssbs ha hf b trbfo`3 tk`r`‘s fmt tk` sihekt`st gmv`g`ft hf khs abo` mr bfywk`r`. Tiby! \mllh` jrhatstkrmuek tk` pmhft, whfs ht. ’Zk` euy‘s emt b vmmjmm jmii hf khs pmoc`t,‗ sbys b vmho` l`khfj g`.

_w``rhs trh`s tm rhs` tm tk` moobshmf, lut obf‘t‚ims`s amur hf b rmw bfj tk` gbtok.’H‘v` mfiy l``f prbothohfe amr 24 jbys,‗ sbys Jìi bat`rwbrjs. ’H f``j tm vbry gy immps.

H‘j jm l`tt`r bebhfst bf bttboc`r.‗ _thii tkhfchfe ma I``, hs k`=Thvhtshrhpbcj` sur` hs. (Umuij ymu lìh`v` tkbt k` rmmgs whtk tkr`` mtk`r aìimws bfj

tkbt k` kbs tk` skmrt`st fbg` hf tk` kmus`=) Bs H tbic whtk Trbjht‚k`‘s shpphfe kmt Okhf`s` t`b lrmuekt tm khg ly b arh`fj‚H tkhfc blmut wkbt mf` Okhobembf kbs sbhj ma khg> tkbt ’k`‘s tk`fho`st, gmst kugli` p`rsmf.‗ \ugmr kbs ht tkbt y`brs bem k` l`bt J-N hf b tmurfbg`ft hf Bshb.K` wmf‘t omfahrg tkhs3 hfj``j, s``gs tm jmult ht.

Kmw`v`r, k` whii pmhft mut kmw tk` pibyhfe omfjhthmfs k`r` jmf‘t g``t HZZAspòhahobthmfs. Zk` aimmr (wkhok H gysìa lìh`v` brmufj Zbli` ? kbs bii tk` gbchfes ma b F`wXmrc Ohty pmt kmi`) muekt tm l` wmmj`f. Zk` f`mf ihekts blmv`3 tk` eibssy rmma tkbt prmjuo`s

b eibr` ma sufihekt3 tk` ourtbhf`j lbrrh`rs tkbt ràiòt ihekt‚tk`s` br` lmtk`rsmg`.Thvhtshrhpbcj`‚tk` fbg` g`bfs ’hfv`fthmf‗‚kbs nust omg` mv`r armg b stby hf Nbpbf. Bat`r `fnmyhfe tk` pibyhfe omfjhthmfs tk`r`, k`‘ii f``j tm l` hfv`fthv` tm jm wìi k`r`.

H bsc`j khg wky k` kbj sm guok (21, 8, -28, <4) trmuli` whtk _bg Q`hii`tt`. Zurfs mutk` kbjf‘t piby`j b okmpp`r hf b imfe thg`. Bfj shfo`, whtk khs khekiy hfjhvhjubihz`j styi`, kàbvmrs, b ib Eushcmaa, khtthfe okmp tkbt omg`s imw (’shx hfok`s hs khek `fmuek‗), k`‘s bpt, ufthik` e`ts us`j tm ht, tm gbc` imts ma ghstbc`s‚tkmuek, botubiiy, k` sbys, tk`r`‘s gmr` rmmg amr `rrmr wk`f tk` lbii omg`s lboc khek.

Mut bt tk` tbli` hf khs qubrt`r‘s gbtok whtk J-N, T`t`r immcs tk` gmr` sìa-pmss`ss`j ma

tk` twm. Hf abot, bs tk` hfobftbtmry omggbfj, ’T\BJHZ! AHEKZ! OMFO@FZ\BZ@!‗ omg`sarmg j``p hfshj` b wìi-whsk`r, tk` aìimw l`shj` g` sbys, ’I`` immcs sobr`j.‗

_m tk`y stbrt‚bfj lboc bfj amrtk tk`y em. _mg`lmjy sbys Trbjht hs tk` abst`st piby`r k`‘s `v`r s``f. Abst`r `v`f tkbf tk` Nbpbf`s`. Pshfe phgpi`j spmfe`, T`t`r, b skbc`kbfjs iàty,stbys bt tk` tbli` bfj wmf‘t i`t p`fkmij`r I`` ruf brmufj khs amr`kbfj. Uk`f J-N em`s tmm abr tm khs iàt tm try tm lèhf khs bttboc, Trbjht obtok`s tk` lbii maa tk` lmufo` bfj bfei`s ht sm

quhociy tm I``‘s abr amr`kbfj tkbt ht pbss`s khg. @xo`pt tkbt hf tkhs ahrst ebg` T`t`r ghss`s imtsma tkms` sgmtk`r`j, turf-ma-tk`-wrhst bfei` skmts.

Hf tk` <fj, Trbjht hs ruffhfe bfj sihpphfe bfj abiihfe bii mv`r tk` pibo`. Ht‘s fm omft`st.T`t`r hs up 2:-8 bfj 28-22. I`` ehv`s up bimfe tk` wby. Bat`r J-N whfs tk` ? rj, k`‘s bk`bj 24-0



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hf tk` :tk bfj immchf‘ emmj. Zk`f ims`s; hf b rmw! Bs tk`y‘r` hftm tk` : tk

ebg`, tk`hr ugphr` omuij l` ahrg`r.Zkmuek Trbjht‘s fmt mlnòthfe, sk`‘sbsc`j I`` mfo` làmr` tm pi`bs` wbtok

khs s`rv`. Fmw sk` bscs khg bebhf> pi`bs`, pbig mutstr tok`j, m.c.= Jmwf21-20 I`` stbrts tryhfe tm kht lbockbfjs hf. Ha tk`y em hf, ahf`. Ha tk`y jmf‘t, wìi, bt i`bst k`‘s prbothohfe amr tk` f`xt ebg . J-N nustobf‘t gmv` brmufj khs amr`kbfj,

Trbjht‘s bfei` piby hs j`vbstbthfe. Kòbf thptm`-limoc I``‘s sup`r-lbii immpjhròtiy lboc mr bwby armg khg‚bs ha J-N‘s lbii w`r` th`j tm mf` ma tkms`

ahv`-bfj-jhg` okhijr`f‘s lbts whtk bstrhfe tkbt sfbps lboc ihc` b rull`r

lbfj. I`` ghss`s tkr`` lbockbfjs bfjTrbjht `fjs tk` ebg` whtk bf `je`. K`kbs wmf 21 ma tk` ibst <2 pmhfts armgmur ufl`bt`f Fbthmfbi Okbgphmf, bfj tk` ormwj‚wkbt ormwj tk`r` hs‚hs fmhsh`r tkbf tkàih`s. Lut hf tk` 0tk, tkmuek Trbjht hs mat`f hf mv`r tk` tbli`, ihtkìy f`twbrj (bs ha lbibfohfekhgsìa ihc` b v`ry i`bf luiiahekt`r r`bjy tm rhsc tk` kmrfs), k` obf‘t whf armg 25-bii, amr J-N

ahfjs tk` whii bfj tk` wby tm immp bttboc. Zmm lbj, gbfy tkhfc3 ht wmuij kbv` l``f auf tm s`` Trbjht piby \ml`rts. Bs ht hs, tk`y

cfmw mfiy tmm wìi tkbt \mllh`‘s kbrj rull`r lbt nust hsf‘t emhfe tm gbc` tkbt guok jhaa`r`fo`

tm J-N. I`` kbj gbj` up khs ghfj fmt tm immp mr kht uffò`ssbrhiy kbrj, bfj mf` s`fs`j kòmuij rmii pbth`ftiy ufthi \mllh` rr`j. Zkmuek k` jhjf‘t whf b ebg`, tk` si`fj`r, embt``jNbgbhobf hf khs imfe er`y lìis out quht` b aheur` mut tk`r` (`v`rylmjy is`, lut tk` sphfjiy

Trbjht hf sw`bt pbfts, wbs w`brhfe skmrts).Bebhfst Kmwbrj, Zbff`khii, up <4-28 hf tk` 2st, obtok`s Nboc whtk b abst s`rv` jmwf tk`

amr`kbfj ihf`. Nust spur-ma-tk`-gmg`ft tkmuekt tkbt up, jhj k`= Kmwbrj str`tok`s, e`ts ht lboc, tmtk` mfiy pibo` k` obf, wk`r` Nmkf hs wbhthfe tm smoc ht. Zk`f Nboc, tryhfe tm gbc` bfmtk`r r`turf,s``s k`‘s kmpì`ssiy maa lbibfo` bfj trh`s b j`sp`rbt` lbockbfj. Ht jm`sf‘t em hf.

_w``rhs, wbtokhfe tk` gbtok whtk g`, sbys, ’Zbff`khii‘s r`biiy emt tk` ebg` aheur`j

mut. @v`ry skmt k`‘s rhekt wk`r` k`‘s suppms`j tm l`.‗ Kmwbrj, g`bfwkhi`, hf tk` <fj, hswhffhfe <2 pmhfts‚fmt tk` ebg`, ghfj ymu, lut <2 pmhfts. Bebhf Nmkf surprhs`s Nboc whtk

bfmtk`r s`rv`‚b skmrt mf` tkhs thg`. ’Bebhfst Nmkf,‗ sbys Jìi, bs Nboc em`s mf tm ims` tkhsgbtok, ’ht‘s jbfe`rmus `v`f tm pusk b s`rv`. Xmu kbv` tm l` r`bjy tm em amr `v`ry lbii.‗

Omg`s tk` ahfbi, tk` ormwj lèhfs oibpphfe. ’U` wbft Nmkf! U` wbft Nmkf!‗ tk`ys``g tm sby. P._. Z`bg Obptbhf/Ombok Kmwbrj ehv`s ibst ghfut` hfstruothmfs tm tk` ghfj

l`khfj tk` erbffy eibss`s> ’Jmf‘t l` pbsshv`. \`g`gl`r> tkr`` tm fhf` lbii bttboc! Xmu kht14% tm tk` amr`kbfj, :4% tm tk` lbockbfj!‗

Hf tk` 2st, Zbff`khii, up 2?-22, s`rv`s hftm tk` f`t. Bat`r wkhok, J-N rufs mut tk` ebg`!Nmkf ims`s tk` <fj tmm. Lut hf tk` ?rj, up 2;-;, k`‘s jmhfe twm tkhfes jhsthfotiy jhaa`r`ft. K`‘s

T`t`r‘s r`spmfs` tm ’T\BJHZ! AHEKZ!‗Tkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



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gmvhfe, gmvhfe, gmvhfe. Bfj, k``jhfe Kmwbrj‘s skmut`j bjvho` (’XMP GP_Z KHZ XMP\ AM\@KBFJ A\MG ZK@ LBOCKBFJ _HJ@!‗), k`‘s bttbochfe guok gmr` whtk khsamr`kbfj. Làmr` tk` stbrt ma tk` :tk, tk` ugphr` omg`s mv`r tm tk` ermup oiust`r`j brmufjKmwbrj bfj sbys, ’Ht‘s l``f r`qu`st`j tkbt tk`r` l` fm ombokhfe hf tk` ghjji` ma tk` ebg`, pi`bs`.‗ Obphtbihzhfe mf khs 28-21 i`bj, Zbff`khii s`fjs tk` gbtok hftm tk` 0tk. Gbyl` tkhs hs tk`

fhekt= Ihfjb I`` obf‘t wbtok. _k` i`bv`s tk` br`fb.Lut Nmkf hs maa tm b v`ry pmmr stbrt‚ims`s b pboc ma pmhfts, hs jmwf 22-?. Orh`s ma ’Zmm guok lbockbfj!‗ bfj ’Jmf‘t ehv` up, Nmkf!‗ br` tm fm bvbhi. K`‘s tmm abr emf`. Ihfjbomg`s lboc, sghi`s, sbys, ’Zwho` hf mf` jby hs tmm guok!‗

OF@ Umg`f‘s Mp`f _hfei`sNbpbf‘s Chghym Gbtsuzbch Curhgmtm, Umrij Umg`f‘s

_hfei`s Okbgphmf hf 2808, Umrij Ghx`j Jmuli`s Okbgphmfwhtk Mehgurb hf 2812, bfj Umrij _hfei`s bfj Umg`f‘sJmuli`s Okbgphmf whtk _`ch hf 281?, whfs tk` OF@ Umg`f‘sMp`f _hfei`s ly jà`bthfe Qhmi`ttb F`sucbhths, ourr`ft P._. bfj

Obfbjhbf Okbgphmf, hf tk` ahfbi hf strbhekt ebg`s.Maa tk` tbli` mr mf, tk` pi`bsbft, sgmmtk-strmchfe Grs.

Curhgmtm hs `bsy tm tuf` hftm. Ubtokhfe k`r p`fkmij piby, ymus`` tkbt sk` gmv`s swhatiy, àahoh`ftiy, ihc` smg` (’Kmw jm`s sk`jm ht=‗) ZQ kmus`wha` emhfe s`rhmusiy, ok``rauiiy blmut k`r jbhiy-w``ciy-gmftkiy-y`briy rmufj ma okmr`s. Zk`r` (8, ;, 1),tkbt‘s jmf`. @bsh`r (1, :, 2) tkbf H‘j `xpòt`j. Fmtkhfe (1, :, 0)tm ht. Bfj sm rhekt mf hftm tk` (1, 20, 5) s`gh‘s wk`r` amrg`r

Oims`j Okbgp, f`wiy gbrrh`j Kì`f (f`` _blbihbuscbs) _hg`ri,gby kbv` phoc`j up b jmg`stho khft mr twm.

Kì`f, H ghekt bjj, `brih`r kbj tm

em ‟;, -5, 20, 28, 2; tm l`bt amrg`r P._.bfj @feihsk Mp`f Okbgphmf Ghiih`_kbkhbf. (Ghiih`, ymu w`r` pibyhfe ihc`

Chghym tk` ahrst twm ebg`s bfj tk`f emtthr`j=) Kì`f tk`f wmf bfmtk`r ‟25, -2;,21, 28, 2; eutsy gbtok armg_obrlmrmuek‘s Lbrlbrb N`chr.

_u` Khij`lrbfjt put up b emmj 0-ebg` ahekt whtk Nmyo` Kòkt ma Gmftr`bi

wkm wbs tk`f ìhghfbt`j ly Biho` Er``f. Fm okbfo` ma xp`jht` hf Er``f‘s gbtok

whtk Omffh` _w``rhs. Omffh`‘s ?rj

-lbiibttboc skmws tkbt sk`‘s fmt emhfe tm e`thftm bfy pusk-pusk-pusk-kht chfj ma rkytkg whtk Biho`. Pp <-2, Omffh` hs

khtthfe Biho`‘s s`rv`s, r`turfhfe k`r phoc skmts, bfj sm gmv`s tm tk` s`gh‘s bebhfst0-thg` Obfbjhbf Oims`j Okbgp F`sucbhthswkms` jà`fs` sk` nust obf‘t p`f`trbt`.

Chghym Gbtsuzbch CurhgmtmTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf

Nbpbf‘s amrg`r guith-thg` Umrij Okbgphmf

Chghym Gbtsuzbch CurhgmtmTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



:?

Qhmi`ttb, wkm hs ufboomuftbliy tm lbaai` Nujy Lmok`fsch hf tk` qubrt`r‘s, hs bigmst <4,-28, <<, -2<, 21 ups`t hf b gbrvìmus ;tk‘s gbtok whtk Aimrhjb‘s Mieb _mit`sz. Mieb, wkm kbs b

fho` sghi` bfj b whffhfe shj`sphf s`rv`, bfj wkm, bat`r mp`fhfe wìi, khts k`r amr`kbfj hf,kbrj, ims`s lmtk jùo` ebg`s, tk` sòmfj ma tk`g pbrthouibriy c`y lòbus` sk` wbs i`bjhfe 2;-

2<. Hf tk` :tk

sk` libst`j tkrmuek Qhmi`ttb, lut hf tk` 0tk

…’Mk, sk`‘s maa fmw,‗ ermbfs b abf.’Uìi,‗ sbys mf` mls`rv`r, ’Ebtmrbj` stmoc bigmst w`ft up amur pmhfts.‗’Hs ht tru`,‗ H bsc Mieb, ’tkbt Ebtmrbj` spmfsmr`j ymu=‗’Fmt tkhs thg`,‗ sk` sbys. ’B w``c làmr` tk` tmurfbg`ft stbrt`j, H w`ft jmwftmwf

bfj hf twm jbys H rbhs`j $<44. H tmmc bimfe gy sorbplmmc bfj b Zmphos whtk gy photur` hf ht.Nust wbic`j hftm pibo`s. (J`pbrtg`ft stmr`s‚tk`y wmf‘t kìp, H i`brf`j tkbt.) Zmij tk`g H wbsmf tk` P._. Z`bg. _m H emt b omupi` ma obr j`bi`rs bfj bf bgbtùr btki`tho bssmohbthmf bfj`v`f tk` jmwftmwf Ahrst A`j`rbi Lbfc tm kìp. Ht‘s r`biiy surprhshfe kmw ymu obf e`t gmf`y.



::

Bii ymu kbv` tm jm hs try. Ihc` bt Ahrst A`j`rbi, H nust wbic`j hf‚bfj tk`y s ft g` tm s` tk`Tr`shj`ft. K` prbothobiiy jhjf‘t v`f immc btg`. ‛Ehv` k`r ahaty,‘ k` sbhj. K` wbs r`bi lusy.‗

_m fmw hf tk` strbhekt-ebg` ahfbi ht wbs

Grs. Curhgmtm bfj…H bigmst sbhj Grs. F`sucbhths. Amr Qhmi`ttb, whtk k`r f`w upsw`ptkbhrstyi`, k`r lòmghfe imss ma b ihtti` w`hekt,k`r rò`ft erbjubthmf armg khek sokmmi bfjstbrt ma b f`w nml, hs fmt `xbotiy tk` Qhmi`ttb ma mij. Ihc` tk` gmr` `xp`rh`fo`j imfethg` er`bt piby`r I`bk Fùl`re`r, wkm wbs fmt k`r` tm

rò`hv` k`r Mutstbfjhfe Btt`fjbfo` Bwbrj(sk`‘j wmf k`r ahrst Obfbjhbf Okbgphmfskhpshf 28:2), sk` gust smmf`r mr ibt`r lèhf tm s``tkhfes jhaa`r`ftiy.

Bfmtk`r imfethg` OF@ btt`fj``,Gbrhmf N`ffhfes, wbsf‘t k`r` `htk`r bfj f`v`r

bebhf wmuij l`, amr sk`‘j ahfbiiy suoougl`j tmobfo`r nust b a`w w``cs `brih`r. Gbrhmf kbj l``f tk` Obptbhf ma b fugl`r ma Umg`f‘sZ`bgs bt tkhs @x, bs wìi bs tk` pmpuibr MftbrhmZZB Zr`bsur`r armg 2800-15 bfj hf 281; tk` ìòt`j Tr`shj`ft, lut tk`f lòbus` ma hii k`bitkkbj l``f amro`j tm r`shef. Nmbf N`ssmp bfj Gbre` Ubij`f pbhj trhlut`s tm k`r hf tk` Mot.,

2852 OZZB F`ws.

OF@ Mp`f Jmuli`s Tiby

Hf G`f‘s Jmuli`s, tk`r`‘s bf `xohthfe s`gh‘s gbtok l`tw``f 281; P._. Mp`f Jmuli`s Okbgphmfs L`rfh`Luch`t/Jìi _w``rhs bfj Ibrry I``/Ihg Ghfe Okuh tkbt‘s

gbj` tk` gmr` `ft`rtbhfhfe ly F`w Xmrc Ohty‘s tmtbiiyufsokmmi`j lut `v`r `be`r ugphr` I`m Tibstrhc. I`m hs smufqu`sthmfbliy emmj-fbtur`j bfj bpmime`tho blmut bghstbc` mr twm tkbt k` gbc`s (’2:-1=…21-:=…21-2:=…2:-21, H g`bf‗), bfj hs, hf e`f`rbi, sm surprhshfeiyomgp`t`ft, tkbt k`‘s bjvbfo`j tkhs abr whtkmut bfymf`

kbvhfe tm r`pibo` khg. Tr`sugbliy, tkmuek, \uaamrjKbrrhsmf whii kbv` khs okbfo` tm obii tk` ahfbi. K` shts

bgmfe tk` bujh`fo` fmw bfsw`rhfe HZZA qu`sthmfs, bs htw`r`, blmut khs th` oibsp. Ht a`btur`s b thfy tbli` t`ffhsrboc`t bfj wkbt aheurbthvìy ghekt l` j`sorhl`j bs b ihtti`wkht` sthocphf ma b lbii. Zk` th` kbs b j`shef ly @feihsk

Ombok Nboc Obrrhfetmf ma b aìimw blmut tm s`rv` lutf`v`r quht` jmhfe ht.

Jìi bfj L`rfh` br` kbvhfe tk`hr trmuli`s, br` jmwf<-4 bfj 2?-; hf tk` ?rj. L`rfh` hs kbvhfe tm boo`pt tkbt tkhs hs tk` wmrst jmuli`s k` bfj khs

OF@ Mftbrhm Umg`f‘s Z`bg armg mut ma tk` pbst>

I-\, lboc> Gbrhmf N`ffhfes, L`tty Khlf`r3

armft> N`ffy Gbrhfcm, Nmbf N`ssmp

I`m Tibstrhc - ugphr` `xtrbmrjhfbhr`Tkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



:0

rèuibr pbrtf`r Jìi kbv` v`r piby`j. ’Ihst`f,‗ sbys Jìi, ’w` obf whf v`f ha w`‘r` pibyhfemur wmrst.‗ Bfj, ghrbouimusiy, tk`y (-<?, -;, 28, 25, 2<) stugli` mut ma tk` ? rj bfj em mf tmr`bok tk` ahfbi. Lut tkmuek J-N I`` bfj T`t`r Trbjht br` pibyhfe tme`tk`r amr tk` ahrst thg`,tk`y gmv` v`ry wìi tme`tk`r. Uhtk tk` gbtok th`j bt 2-bii, piby hs sujj`fiy stmpp`j bfj bii`y`s turf upwbrj. Zk` lbii kbs l``f kht khek up, tmwbrj tk` f`mf ihekts, bfj, omftrbry tm HZZA

rèuibthmfs, kbs pibyauiiy khjj`f htsìa hf tk` auris ma bf mv`rkbfehfe lbff`r.Ukbt tm jm= _w``rhs immcs rmufj, hsf‘t kìp`j ly bfymf` mr bfytkhfe k` s``s, sm k`tbc`s maa b sf`bc`r, tkrmws ht up mfo`, twho`, bfj‚kmmrby!‚twm lbiis omg` tuglihfe jmwf.Jm`s L`rfh` okmms` tk` mf` tk`y‘v` l``f pibyhfe whtk= Ht jm`sf‘t s``g tm gbtt`r. Bat`r imshfetk` ?rj jòhshvìy, Jìi bfj L`rfh`, rbiiyhfe hf tk` :tk, br` stmpp`j bt 28. _bys L`rfh`, ’_m abst,sm abst tkbt Trbjht. \hekt maa gy lìiy k` kht.‗

Fm oihgbotho bothmf hf Umg`f‘s Jmuli`s> Chghym Curhgmtm bfj k`r prmtèeè _u`

Khij`lrbfjt l`bt Omffh` _w``rhs/Biho` Er``f, 28, ;, -24, 2?.Hf tk` Ghx`j, Chghym, pibyhfe whtk J-N, kbs wmrc`j mut b fugl`r ma ahfe`r shefbis amr

tk`hr s`rv`s‚lut I`` bt thg`s bpp`brs fmt tm ufj`rstbfj mr `v`f s`` tk`g. Hf tk` 2st, tk`r`‘s bsmrt ma ohrous pmhft. I`` iml-r`turfs b lbii <4 a``t khek, bros ht mv`r tk` f`mf ihekts blmv` bfj

lboc jmwf mftm tk` tbli wk`r` ht‘s sthii hf piby, bfj Jìi wkbocs ht muttb shekt. @v`ftubiiytk`y em hftm tk` 0tk, wk`r` Omffh` omfthfu`s tm kbv` trmuli` whtk lbiis omghfe bt k`r armg tk`

wmmj`f shj` ma J-N‘s rboc`t. _thii, sm imfe bs Jìi obf l` beer`sshv` bebhfst Chghym‘s rmii, tk`ykbv` b okbfo`. Pfthi 24-bii, tkbt hs. Bat`r wkhok tk`y obf somr` mfiy < ma tk` ibst 2? pmhfts.

OF@ Mp`f _`fhmr‘s TibyKbrry J`sokbgps. :5, ma Cmcmgm, Hfjhbfb,

pibyhfe whtk phgpi`j rull`r, wmf khs ahrst gbnmr

thti`, tk` Obfbjhbf Mp`f _`fhmr‘s, ly l`bthfe hf tk`s`gh‘s amrg`r Obfbjhbf Oims`j Okbgp Gmjrhsûips, b 2st-thg` ftry hf tkhs v`ft, bfj hf tk` ahfbi

Gbx Gbrhfcm hf strbhekt ebg`s. _mg` lbj cbrgb hftkhs _`fhmr Jrbw tkmuek. Arbfc Jwìiy bfj L`ffyKuii, wkm bfy Gbnmr‘s Jrbwgbc`r muekt tm cfmw

omg` armg tk` sbg` br`b bfj kbv` l``f pibyhfetme`tk`r amr ?4 y`brs, w`r` sok`jui`j tm g``t hfwkbt wmuij l` Arbfc‘s 2st-rmufj gbtok. Bfj btghjfhekt y`t. _hj Nbomls (wkms` ibst bpp`brbfo`k`r` 1 y`brs bem sbw khg piby b aìimw ImfeHsibfj`r hf tk` 2st rmufj) wbs bebhf tk` vhothg ma tk`

Jrbw`r-up-ma-ht-bii. K` wbs tm piby khs arh`fj _mi_okhaa, wkmg k` jrmv` up k`r` whtk, hf b <fj-rmufj

gbtok. Fm, tk` Zmurfbg`ft Omgghtt`` wmuijf‘t

omfshj`r okbfehfe tk` Jrbw. Zkbt wmuij vhmibt`HZZA rui`s. _m Jwìiy wbs ups`t, bfj _okhaa sbhj tm

kìi whtk ht bfj jàbuit`j. Kmpàuiiy, f`xt thg` tk`Zmurfbg`ft Omgghtt``, hf tk` hft`r`st ma emmjwhii, whii c``p hf ghfj tk` kufjr`js ma ghi`somv`r`j bfj tk` t`fs ma jmiibrs sp`ft ly tk` pbrthohpbthfe P._. piby`rs bfj kbv` tk` omggmfs`fs` tm khr` b sokmmilmy ha fò`ssbry tm okòc tk` prmpms`j Jrbw làmr` ht‘s pmst`j.

Kbrry J`sokbgps, 2854 OF@ _`fhmr‘s OkbgpTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



:1

_@I@OZ@J FMZ@_.*U` i`brf armg Nms` Zmgchfs‘ Obfbjhbf ZZB F`ws (Gbr., 2852, 2;) tkbt tkhs sugg`r

J`r`c kbj emf` tm Lbrlbjms tm trbhf tk`hr Fbthmfbi Z`bg amr tk` Obrhll`bf Okbgphmfskhps.Zk`s` w`r` kìj H lìh`v` twm w``cs làmr` tk` Nbgbhobf tmurfbg`fts omv`r`j hf tk` ibstokbpt`r, bfj Ubii hf khs wrht`-up g`fthmfs Lrbtkwbht`, \`s`c, bfj \ml`rts bs pibyhfe (lut fmt

Zbff`khii). J`r`c sbhj tkbt ’ahrst fhekt shtthfe whtk tk` Lbrlbjms t`bg‗ k` wbs ’p`trhah`j‗ lytk` r`spmfs` ma tk` ormwj, gbyl` 2044 hf bii. Uky= Lòbus` tk`y ’sor`bg, ok``r, lmm bfjahekt whtk tk` ugphr` v`rlbiiy.‗ Bfj tkrmuek bii tkhs ’tk` piby`rs tk`gsìv`s w`r` omgpi`tìyufomfo`rf`j, tk`y w`r` mlvhmusiy us`j tm ht…SbfjW whtkmut ht, tk`y omuij prmlbliy fmt pibytk`hr l`st.‗

Zk` U`st Hfjhbfs r`biiy ihc` tk`hr tbli` t`ffhs> ’hfbii tk` str``t omrf`rs,‗ Ubii wrmt`, ’ymu whii s`` sgbii

lmys pibyhfe whtk wmmj`f tbli` t`ffhs lbts bfj b sgbii lbii.‗ J`r c shefbi`j mut amr prbhs` Euybfb‘s Jmr``fOkmwkbk bfj Gmfhob J`_muzb3 Lbrlbjms‘s 20-y`br-mij_hfei`s s`ghahfbihst \ml`rt @bri` wkm wmuij `v`ftubiiy

omg` tm tk` _tbt`s3 bfj `spòhbiiy tk` sup`rliy aht Mrvhii`’I`s‗ Kbsibg wkm, bs J`r`c sbhj, ly khtthfe ’tk` lbii

kbrj`r‗ tkbf bfymf` k` v`r piby`j, ’jmghfbt`j tkÒkbgphmfskhps.‗

Nbgbhob‘s Gmfhob J`_muzbArmg tk` 2850 Obrhll`bf Okbgphmfskhps

Trmerbg



:5

Okbpt`r Amur

2854> Tr`-P_MZO Abii Zmurfbg`fts‚Tbrt H> Lrbtkwbht`,

Omffh` _w``rhs Hgprmv` Zk`hr Okbfo`s amr _ìòthmf tm tk`‘52

P._. Umrij Z`bg.

Bs Biho` Er``f tìis us (ZZZ , Fmv., 2854, 21), J-N I``wbs lboc hf Obfbjb tm whf tk` Mot. 24-22 O`ftrbi ObfbjhbfMp`f mv`r J`r`c Ubii, wkhi`, pi`bs`j fmt tm kbv` UmrijOkbgphmf Chghym Curhgmtm tm abo`, Qhmi`ttb F`sucbhths ’obigiymutst`bjh`j bf mv`r-bfxhmus Biho`.‗ Tiby wbs bt tk` E`rgbf Oiulhf _t. Obtk`rhf`s, mf 5 tbli`s, wkhok bt 1 p.g. _bturjby fhekt

w`r` wkhsc`j bwby sm tkbt piby`rs omuij `fnmy jhff`r bfjjbfohfe hf tk` twm v`fu` rmmgs. ’Zk`r` wbs b a`sthv` bhr _ufjbybs wìi,‗ fmt`j Biho`‚’jhaa`r`ft omimr`j pbrty jòmrbthmfsomfthfu`j tm kbfe armg tk` o`hihfe ihekts, or`bthfe b rbtk`r emmj

khjhfe pibo` amr b a`w wbywbrj lbiis.‗ Bism omghfe mut ma khjhfe,bs ht w`r`, wbs bfmtk`r F`sucbhths shst`r, Eimrhb, ’wkms` ebg`

hs abst lòmghfe v`ry strmfe bfj beer`sshv`.‗ G`f‘s Jmuli`sw`ft tm J-N I``/@ue`f` Cufym mv`r J`r`c Ubii/Gbrthf

Hvbchtsok. Umg`f‘s Jmuli`s tm v`t`rbfs N`ffy Gbrhfcm/Qìtb Bjghfhs mv`r Kì`f _hg`ri/Gbrh`C`rr. Ghx`j Jmuli`s tm J-N I``/Nms` Zmgchfs mv`r @rrmi Ob`tbfm/Qhmi`ttb F`sucbhths, <;-<1 hftk` :tk.

Bk, lut wk`r` wbs J-N tk` w``c`fj ma Mot. 25-2; wk`f tk` Imfe Hsibfj Mp`f wbs kìj=

Bfj Trbjht= Bfj Zbff`khii= \`biiy, Nmkf, `v`f ha tk` _pmrt obtok`s mf, ymu obf‘t nust n`t rmufj tmtk` Mkhm Qbii`y, tk` _mutk`bst`rf, bfj tk` Imfe Hsibfj Mp`fs bii mf tk` sbg` w``c`fj. Bfj sm,r`biiy, ymu skmuijf‘t kbv` `ft`r`j tk`g bii. Uhtk Jbffy Ebfz ruffhfe b sphoy chtok`f amr tk`

piby`rs (s`bsmf`j st`bc gbrhfbj` k`bj`j khs jhff`r g`fu ma abvmr`j aibvmr`j mtk`r tkhfes), htwbs oi`br tkbt, v`f whtkmut J-N bfj T`t`r, tkhs wbs emhfe tm l` smg` ’gìthfe pmt‗ ma b tmurfbg`ft.Kmw bpprmprhbt` tk`f tkbt tk` Pfht`j Fbthmf‘s E`mre`

’Zk` Okhà‗ Lrbtkwbht` skmuij `v`ftubiiy whf tk` G`f‘s_hfei`s.

Lut i`t‘s lèhf bt tk` lèhffhfe whtk b 2st-rmufjgbtok hf tk` tmp kbia ma tk` Jrbw. Bebhfst Obfbjb‘s LhiiOk`fe, Bi`x _khrmcy, strmchfe khs gustbok` armg thg` tmthg`, tkmuek fmt bs mat`f bs tk` lbii, wmf tk` mp`fhfe

ebg` lut imst tk` f`xt twm bt jùo`, bfj tkbt wmuij prmvàbtbi. Bi`x, smg`thg`s pibyhfe hf b jy`j-purpi` ufj`rskhrt,

s``gs biwbys tm l` sprhfehfe blmut ihc` k`‘s bujhthmfhfeamr tk` Lmiskmh3 lut ha k` kbj suok b jbfo`r‘s omftrmi, k`‘jkbv` wmf tkhs gbtok. Ihg Ghfe Okuh, armg Kmfe Cmfe,cfmoc`j mut Gmkbf \bm, armg Hfjhb, wkhi` Aubrfbjm

\ml`rts, hf b strhchfe obfbry-yìimw nugpsuht(’NBGBHOB‗), stmpp`j E`rgbf-lmrf K`fry Jùtsok.@brih`r, K`fry‘j kbj b t`fs` (<4, 28, -20, 28) Tr`-ihg gbtokwhtk T`ffsyivbfhb‘s #2 Jbv` Ebschii.

Eimrhb F`sucbhthsTkmtm ly Zkmgbs _ibt`r

Bi`x _khrmcy> s`rv` bfj sprhfe=Tkmtm ly \bui \mjrheu`z



:;

Ebschii bfj khs pbrtf`r, Lhii _kbrp`, jrmpp`j tk` B Jmuli`s ahfbitm Jbv` Tkhihp, armg Zrhfhjbj/Zmlbem, bfj T`t`r Emrjmf _t`pk`fs, armgEuybfb. Zkmuek Lhii wbs l`bt`f hf tk` _hfei`s ly Kmfe Cmfe hggherbftIbrry I``, k` kbjsmg` omfsmibthmf,

amr k` wbs surìytk` `fvy ma mf`bfj bii hf khs sphaay-immchf‘ str``toimtk`s‚yup, kìmmc`j r`bi skbrp.

Hf bjjhthmf

tm somrhfe bf briyups`t hf tk` G`f‘smv`r Qho Ibfjbu,Ibtvhbf hggherbft

Gmjrhs ûipsbjvbfo`j hf tk`

_`fhmr‘s lyìhghfbthfe tk`trhocy, jhsbrghfeGbroy Gmfbst`rhbi, mrhehfbiiy armg tk` Tkhihpphf`s, bs wìi bs E`rbrjmLrho`fm armg @oubjmr. (Zk`s` twm tmmc tk` _`fhmr Jmuli`s‚mv`r _mi_okhaa/Zmfy Qbsqu`z, tk`f Arbfc Jwìiy/L`ffyKuii.) Zk` _`fhmr‘s ahfbi,

wmf ly uips (-21, <1, -25, 2?, 2;) wbs b lhe jhsbppmhftg`ft amr Jwìiywkm, kbvhfe ebg` pmhft hf tkbt gbrbtkmf <fj, ghekt kbv` wmf tkr``strbhekt.

Zkbt wbs bism smg` 2st

-rmufj G`f‘s gbtok ûips piby`j whtkIbfjbu. Pp <4-2; hf tk` 2st, Qho i`ts khs bjvbftbe` sihp bwby bfj hfjhseust trh`s tm kht hf b lbj lbii. K` ims`s tk` <fj tmm. Zk`f b turfbrmufj‚

Ibfjbu, puskhfe bfj immphfe, tbc`s tk` ?rj, bfj, ehvhfe up mfiy 2-<-? pmhfts, tk` :tk. Hf tk` 0tk, Qho‘s up 1-2, kbs wmf <; ma tk` ibst ?< pmhfts!Kmw obf k` ims`=…Ly pibyhfe tmm obuthmusiy. K` stmps immphfe…bfjht‘s 5-bii. Ibfjbu‘s gmg`ftug hs emf`‚ghfut`s ibt`r, k`‘s jmwf <4-21. Lut tk`f khs iha`-amro` stullmrfiy bss`rts htsìa…<4-25…<4-2;. Fmwomg`s b t`fshmf-ahii`j, imfe `xokbfe`. Ibfjbu hs wmrc`j ahrst tm mf`

shj` (wk`r` k` r`turfs armg tk` lbrrh`rs wkbt wmuij kbv` l``f b gbtok-`fjhfe lbii), tk`f hs amro`j tm tk` mtk`r shj`, tk`f lboc bebhf, tk`f hs

jrmpp`j…lut ghrbouimusiy k` gbfbe`s tm whf tk` pmhft> <4-28. _uok bshocf`ss Qho kbj, obf k` ròmv`r=…Fm. K` quhociy pusk`s mf` ibst lbii hftm tk` f`t bfj amiimwstkrmuek ly aihfehfe khs rboc`t tm tk` aimmr.

Bebhfst Okuh hf tk` ;tk‘s, Tmibfj‘s mf`-thg` jhspibo`j p`rsmf, L`rfh` Luch`t, s``g`j

kìpi`ss. ’H obf‘t s`` fmtkhfe,‗ k` sbhj, biiujhfe tm tk` lrhektiy pmihsk`j wmmj aimmr ma tk`K`gpst`bj eyg. Bism, L`rfh` wbs kbvhfe mf` ghx`j-up thg` whtk Okuh‘s hft`rsp`rs`j wmmjskmts. Arustrbt`j hf tk` ;tk‘s, tmm, wbs Ibrry I`` wkm imst tm \ml`rts‘ st`bjy okmp bfj quhoc aihocs. Zk` qubrt`r‘s hf tkhs kbia ma tk` Jrbw w`r` uf`v`ftaui> uips w`ft jmwf tm tk` ufokbii`fe`j

Jbv` Ebschii,

T`ffsyivbfhb #2Tkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf

Immchf‘ r`bi skbrpTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf

Obfbjb‘s Gmjrhs ûipsTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



:8

@rrmi \`s`c, guok hgprmv`j shfo` k` obg` tm tk` P._. armg tk`Jmghfhobf \`puliho, bfj Okuh aìi tm \ml`rts.

G`bfwkhi`, Lrbtkwbht` wbs ruffhfe hftm smg` :-ebg`jhaahouity làmr` puiihfe ht mut bebhfst Obfbjb‘s T`t`r Emfjb wkm‘ji`brf`j tm piby bs b ymutk hf Ozòkmsimvbchb.

_urbsbc hs bism kbvhfe khs trmuli`s‚whtk F.X.‘s NmfbtkbfCbtz. Nmfbtkbf obrrh`s rmufjwhtk khg b ihtti` liboc Nboc-tk`-\hpp`r‘s lbe, bfj ha k` obf whìjbfy chfj ma sobipì mr sohssmrswhtk tk` j`xt`rhty tkbt k` outs tk`bhr whtk tkms` okmps, H‘j kbt` tm

g``t khg orbz`j mf b jbrc str``t,mr v`f sbf` hf b lbrl`r skmp. Zk`ymufe Zkbh, imms`, tkhfchfe k`kbs bf `bsy vhothg, whfs tk` 2st

ebg` <2-0. (’Ha _urbsbc kbj b lbockbfj,‗ sbys b vmho` l`khfj

g`, ’k`‘j l` abftbstho.‗) Mfiytk`f, Nmfbtkbf stbrts simwhfe khgjmwf‚sfhps bwby k`r`, tk`r`,mp`fs b v`hf hf tk` <fj, outsj``p`r hf tk` ?rj, bfj _urbsbc,ufbli` tm tìi mf` chfj ma sphf

armg bfmtk`r, hs simwiy li``jhfetm j`btk….Lut bat`r tk` r`st p`rhmj, ht gby l` tkbt Ubitkbg

Oiul Jmotmrs Jwìiy bfj Kuii kbv` wmrc`j wmfj`rs whtk khg, amr k` ebhfs str`fetk hf tk` :tk

,bfj armg 21-20 hf tk` 0tk hs lboc khtthfe amr`kbfjs hf tm tbc` tk` gbtok. ’K` sobr` g`,‗ sbys_urbsbc ma tk` l`brj`j Nmfbtkbf.

Cbtz bism piby`j v`ry wìi hf tk` B‘s. K` je`j F.X.‘s Jbv` Tkhihp, 28 hf tk` 0tk, tk`f emt l`tt`r bs k` w`ft bimfe. Bitkmuek Emfjb l`bt khg quht` omfvhfohfeiy hf tk` ahfbi, Nmfbtkbfsomr`j bf hgpr`sshv` (<4, -28, -;, 2;, 20) whf mv`r Hrv Ubss`rgbf hf tk` s`gh‘s. Bt 20-bii hf tk`0tk, Cbtz, wkm kbs bf bigmst mls`sshv` j`vmthmf tm nust okmpphfe tk` lbii, uf`xpòt`jiy turf`jhftm b khtt`r. K` sm stbrti`j Ubss`rgbf ly smochfe hf tkr`` pmhft-e`tt`rs tkbt Hrv omuijf‘t somr` btbii hf tk` fj-ebg`.

B lhe gbtok hf tk` ;tk‘s hs Ob`tbfm mv`r _w``rhs hf :. @rrmi hs stbyhfe up bt tk` tbli` whtkJìi, bfj, bat`r tk`y spiht tk` ahrst twm ebg`s, tk`r` br` pi`fty ma quhoc khts, quhoc `xokbfe`s hf

tk` ?rj

. (’Fmlmjy‘s tryhfe tm c``p tk` lbii hf piby,‗ omgpibhfs mf` piby`r-bfbiyst.) _w``rhs, up2<-5, ims`s 8 hf b rmw, bfj, tkmuek k` e`ts tm 28, hs amro`j lboc, tk`f lrmuekt hf mf b jrmp wkhok, l`fjhfe imw, k` sommp r`trh`v`s, mfiy tm kbv` @rrmi libst tk` lbii ly khg. Hf tk` :tk Jìi f`v`r e`tsstbrt`j. Gbyl`, ufomfsohmusiy, k` jm`sf‘t r`biiy wbft tm gbc` tk` P._. Umrij Z`bg= Ha Omffh`‘s

sìòt`j, wkm‘s emffb wbtok _kìiy=’Jìi skmuijf‘t us` phps mf lmtk shj`s,‗ Omffh` sbhj. (Lut k`‘j trh`j ushfe hfv`rt`j mf khs

amr`kbfj bt tk` OF@, rhekt=) ’K` obf‘t stby bt tk` tbli` bfj limoc. K` f``js gmr` sphf. H jmf‘tg`bf k`‘s emt tm em bii mut immphfe, lut k`‘s suppms`j tm c``p sphffhfe bfj khtthfe.‗

Nmfbtkbf> obf out ‛`g upTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



04

Hf tk` r`gbhfhfe ;tk‘s gbtok ht‘s Ghi`s mv`r _mutk Barhobf-fbthv` Ubii. J`r`c sbhj tkbt hftkhs khs 2st g``thfe whtk tk` iè`fjbry 24-thg` P._. Okbgphmf k` nust lòbg` f`rvmus, spòhbiiyhf tk` oimshfe stbe`s ma tk` gbtok wk`f k` trh`j tm immp. Lut ma omurs`, k` sbhj, Jhoc wbs`xo`pthmfbiiy emmj bt omfo`bihfe sphf.

Ht wbs smg`tkhfe ma b surprhs` Jhoc wbs mf omurt bt bii. Khs erbfjgmtk`r wbs v`ry hii, k`

khgsìa kbj smg`tkhfe ma b lbj lboc, bfj ht r`biiy wbs hfomfv`fh`ft tm sp`fj bii tkbt thg` muttk`r` hf K`gpst`bj. Jhoc kbj nust tbic`j mf tk` pkmf` tm wby-lboc-wk`fP. _. Mp`f Okbgp Nmkffy _mgbì wkm‘j ibuek`j mf k`brhfe Jhoc‘s fèbthv` a`ìhfes blmut pibyhfe, bfj sbhj, ’U ii, wkbt br` ymu jmhfe ht amr=‗

Zm c``p khs kbfj hf, tm whf bebhf. Lut Ghi`s kbj b prmli`g fmt nust whtk stbghfb (tkmuekk`‘j l``f pibyhfe rèuibriy bt tk` F.X. Oiul bfj wmrchfe mut bebhfst khs rmlmt bt kmg`), k`kbjf‘t l``f emhfe tm tmurfbg`fts. _m khs whii tm whf, khs bii-hgpmrtbft omfo`ftrbthmf kbjf‘t l``f

kmf`j hf skbrp omgp`ththv` piby.Hf tk` qubrt`r‘s, Ghi`s g``ts Ob`tbfm, bfj Ubii, g`ftmrhfe @rrmi, tìis khg, ’Xmu gust

stbrt jmwf tk` amr`kbfj. Jhoc‘s okmp hs k`bvh`r tk`r` tkbf mf tk` lbockbfj, tru`, lut tk`r`‘s fmvbrhbthmf tm ht. Uk`r`bs k`‘s emt er`bt vbrhbthmf mf tk` lbockbfj bfj ymu obf `bshiy l` ammi`j.‗

_m @rrmi wbs tmij tm luhij bfj luhij tm b kbrj immp. Lut smg`kmw ht jhjf‘t wmrc mut amr Ob`tbfm‚ k` imst, obg` oims` tm imshfe ?-zhp. Hf tk` <fj, whtk tk` somr` 25-bii, Ghi`s s`rv`s, Ob`tbfm r`turfs

tk` lbii, Ghi`s okmps ht lboc, Ob`tbfm r`turfhfe ht rbhs`s khs kbfj. Ghi`s obtok`s tk` lbii, sbys,’Ukbt‘s tk` gbtt`r=‗ Ob`tbfm sbys, ’Fmtkhfe.‗ Zk` ugphr` bwbrjs tk` pmhft tm @rrmi, bfj Jhoc ims`s tkbt ebg` bt jùo`.

Bat`r tk` gbtok, Ubii bfj H bsc Ob`tbfm wky k` rbhs`j khs kbfj. K` sbhj k` tkmuekt k`sbw b lbii lmufo` hftm tk` lboc omurt, lut tk`f r`bihz`j ht wbs mf tk` mutshj` ma tk` lbrrh`r, smc`pt pibyhfe. Fbturbiiy w` tkmuekt @rrmi skmuijf‘t kbv` tbc`f tk` pmhft.

Hf tk` mf` s`gh‘s, tk`f, ht‘s \`s`c bfj\ml`rts‚whtk \mllh` i`bjhfe @rrmi 2;-2< hf tk`0tk. Lut \mllh` jm`sf‘t whf. K` jm`sf‘t jme ht,

lut ims`s <2-28 wk`f @rrmi, bii thp-tm` tbut, lbfeshf mf` lbii bat`r bfmtk`r. Ibt`r k` tìis g` tkbtwk`f k` wbs jmwf 2;-2< k` lèbf tkhfchfe blmut

kmw kbrj k`‘j l``f trbhfhfe, blmut bii tkms``x`rohs`s k`‘j l``f jmhfe, bii tkbt ruffhfe‚bfjk` lèbf tm a`ì tkbt, shfo` k` kbj tm l` hf l`tt`r skbp` tkbf \ml`rts, k` skmuij l` whffhfe, fmt\mllh`. Bfj, sur` `fmuek, ht stbrt`j tm kbpp`f,omfthfu`j tm kbpp`f.

Hf tk` mtk`r s`gh‘s, ht‘s Lrbtkwbht` bfjGhi`s. E`mre` immps, Jhoc okmps, gmstiy tm

E`mre`‘s lbockbfj. @v`ry mfo` hf b wkhi`, Ghi`swhii put b jhseuhs`j fmtkhfe lbii tm E`mre`‘samr`kbfj bfj wk`f E`mre` pusk`s ht lboc tmmkhek Ghi`s hs tk`r` tm rhai` mf` hf. Zk` 2st ebg` hs

jùo`. Lut tkmuek Jhoc abhis tm r`turf s`rv` bfj,ibt`r, E`mre` e`ts b f`t, E`mre` obf‘t whf ht bat`r Jhoc sbv`s tk` ebg` whtk b t`rrhaho tmpsphfr`turf ma b lbii kht kbrj tm khs amr`kbfj. Hf tk` <fj, ht‘s ;-bii làmr` Jhoc sujj`fiy rufs bwbywhtk tk` ebg`.

@rrmi \`s`c Tkmtm ly F`bi Amx



02

Bt tk` lèhffhfe ma tk` ?rj, \ml`rts hs tìihfe Lrbtkwbht` tkbt k`‘s emt tm immp khek. Bfjup, tkr`` a``t blmv` tk` tbli`, k` jm`s. Ghi`s tbc`s twm st`ps lbocwbrj, okmps jmwf mf tk` lbii,kbrj…em`s up 24-:. Zk`f Jhoc ufboomuftbliy ghss`s twm kbfe`rs‚b :-pmhft swhfe‚bfj (k`‘sjhseust`j, kbs imst omfo`ftrbthmf=) hfst`bj ma tk` ebg` l`hfe b rufbwby, ht‘s sujj`fiy bii th`j upbt 24-bii. Bfj fmw wk`f Jhoc abhis tm r`turf s`rv` bfj em`s jmwf 2<-22, tk` ormwj s`fs`s tkbt

tk` Uk`ì ma Amrtuf` kbs turf`j.Hf tk` :tk, Ghi`s whii fmt kht mf` lbii. K` a`ìs khs str`fetk wbfhfe, jm`sf‘t tkhfc k` obf

pmw`r tkrmuek E`mre`‘s strmfe, st`bjy jà`fs`. Jmwf 2?-22 wk`f tk` @xp`jht` \ui` hs hfvmc`j,

Jhoc obf‘t obtok up. Hf tk` 0tk

, E`mre`, up 1-0, e`ts bf `je`. Pp ;-1, k` e`ts b f`t. Pp 8-1, kè`ts bfmtk`r `je`. Ht‘s bii mv`r._ufjby `v`fhfe ma omurs` hs Ahfbis thg`. Zk` ahrst tm l` piby`j hs tk` G`f‘s Jmuli`s.

_w``rhs/Luch`t kbv` bjvbfo`j, tkmuek tk`y kbj tm em : whtk lmtk Kuii/Arbfc _tuji`y bfj Ob`tbfm/Lhii Ok`fe. _urbsbc/Jwìiy whii nmhf tk`g lòbus` tk`y‘v` kbj b emmj whf mv`r Lrbtkwbht`/\ml`rts, rbiiyhfe bat`r l`hfe l`khfj <-4. Hf tk` ahfbi, Jìi bfj L`rfh` br` p`rhimusiy bt jùo` hf tk`:tk làmr` tk`y obf tbc` tk` thti`. Arbfc, wkm‘s l``f bothv` hf tmurfbg`fts amr jòbj`s, hs prmlbliy pibyhfe l`tt`r fmw, bt :;, tkbf k` `v`r jhj hf khs iha`. Ly st`bjhiy tmpsphffhfe, k` s ts up _urbsbc.Zk` Zkbh khts kbrj, jm`s k`= Bt mf` pmhft, ugphr` Gbi Bfj`rsmf kbs tm r`v`rs` khs ’Zk` lbii kht

ymur kbfj!‗ obii wk`f Jìi skmws khg tk` r`j wìt mf khs amr`brg.Hf tk` G`f‘s ahfbi, tk` pmhfts omg` hf lufok`s. Hf tk` 2 st, \`s`c i`bjs Lrbtkwbht` 1-4.

Zk`f ht‘s 5-bii….@rrmi, jmwf 22-2<, whfs : hf b rmw….Zk`f hs 20-25 jmwf…. Zk`f 28-25up….Zk`f ims`s <2-28. E`mre` hs pibyhfe v`ry wìi, hs st`bjy, bfj mfo` mf tmp bat`r whffhfe tkhs2st ebg` bpp`brs gmr` j`t`rghf`j tkbf \`s`c. Zhti` tm Zk` Okhà‚bfj, bs b lmfus, k` fmw

bpp`brs quht` ihcìy tm l` sìòt`j amr tk` P._. Z`bg tm tk` ‘52 Fbemyb Umrij‘s.Hf tk Umg`f‘s, ht‘s Omffh bebhfst Biho`‚omuijf‘t kbv l``f bfymf ìs`…tkmuek Tbt

Khij`lrbfj, wkm l`bt @vìyf ^bcbrhf hf tk` Oibss B ahfbi, tmmc b ebg` armg Omffh`. @vìyf sbys htwbs ’gy hft`r`st hf tk` ebg` tkbt lrmuekt gy kuslbfj hftm tbli` t`ffhs, bfj tkbt hf turf lrmuekt mur twm lmys hftm tk` ebg`.‗ _m P_ZZB, tbc` tk` oiu`, obr` guok gmr` blmut ymur wmg`f piby`rs.

Ht wbsf‘t `bsyTkmtm ly E`mre` \ulì

Jhoc Ghi`s, okmpphfe, bfj E`mre` Lrbtkwbht`Tkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



0<

Biho`‘s ombok, k`r abtk`r Kbi ma omurs`, kbswmrc`j mut b fugl`r ma shefbis amr k`r, bfj armgthg` tm thg`, guok tm tk` omfst`rfbthmf ma \ui`sOkbhrgbf Oyrhi I`j`rgbf, hs (’11, Kmf`y!‗) skmuthfetk`g mut tm k`r. Biho` ims`s tk` 2st, lut tk`f lèhfs tm

piby bt k`r l`st, gbyl` `v`f l`tt`r tkbf k`r l`st,whffhfe tk` <fj bfjemhfe up 2:-; hf tk`?rj. Zk`f ims`s 1 hf brmw. Bt 2;-bii, Kbiskmuts, ’?2,Kmf`y!‗ Bt 28-bii,

Biho` trh`s bamr`kbfj‚’Mk, pi`bs` kht tk` tbli`, pi`bs`!‗‚lut ht

jm`sf‘t em hf, bfjsk` ims`s tkbt ebg`,

bfj tk` f`xt.Zkmuek tk` Umg`f‘s Jmuli`s ahfbi hsf‘t

piby`j _ufjby v`fhfe (`brih`r, Biho /_kbzzh Aìst`hfkbj bf `bsy whf mv`r Tbt Khij`lrbfj/Z`rry Er``f),tk` Ghx`j ahfbi hs. Amr b phoc-up pbhr, \mllh` bfjBiho`, wkm‘j l``f pusk`j hftm tk` 0tk tm l`bt Lhii

_kbrp`/Tbt Khij`lrbfj, jm r`gbrcbliy wìi bebhfst tk` s`bsmf`j pbrtf`rskhp ma Jìi bfj Omffh`.Jmwf <4-2; hf tk` 2st, \ml`rts ghss`s b lbockbfj chii. Hf tk` <fj, whtk tk` _w``rhs`s jmwf <4-2;,\mllh` trh`s ufsuoo`ssauiiy tm lbockbfj hf b s`rv`, tk`f skmv`s tk` f`xt mf` hftm tk` f`t. Fmw bf

`xtrbmrjhfbry pmhft‚whtk Omffh` sgbochfe tk` lbii, omv`rhfe ht l`buthauiiy (’_k` i`brf`j tkbtarmg Gbtsuzbch,‗ Jìi wmuij sby ibt`r), bfj Biho` omuft`rhfe, bfj Jìi amrohfe \mllh` tm gbc`b sommp r`turf. Bebhf tk` _w``rhs`s whf tk` oims` mf`, bfj `v`ftubiiy tk` gbtok.

Mtk`r r`suits> Oibss L w`ft tm _hj Nbomls mv`r Gmrt Er``fl`re. (Hf tk` Fbssbu-_uaamic Oims`j, H ghekt bjj, _hj wmf tk` B‘s, wkhi` E`mre` _tmf`tmmc tk` L‘s.)@squhr`‘s tmJbffy Ebfzmv`r Bftkmfy

Qbsqu`z, -28,<2, 25. G`f‘s

Omfsmibthmf tmJmmf Umfemv`r Jbf Er``f.A b t k ` r / _ m f

Jmuli`s tmHrwhf/_t`v` Umia mv`r \by/_omttGoJmwìi.

Biho` bfj Kbi (sgmchfe)> shefs, shefbis...

up hf tk` bhr, mr tbc`f tm k`brt=Tkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf

’Mk, pi`bs` kht tk` tbli`, pi`bs`!‗


_hj Nbomls, Imfe Hsibfj Mp`f Oibss L Okbgp

Jmmf Umfe




0?

Bt tk` TkhibjìpkhbIhl`rty Lìi Mp`f, Ibfjbujmwf`j T`ffsyivbfhb #<_kbrp` hf tk` s`gh‘s bfj _mi_okhaa hf tk` ahfbi, bat`r 0?-

y`br-mij _mi‘s khts bfjomuft`rs w`r` tmm guok amr mur P._. Mp`f Nufhmr Okbgphmf Ghtok _`bithì‘stmm-simw immps. Zk` rmufj-rmlhf Umg`f‘s w`fttm [ubf A`reusmf mv`r (smrry, fm T`ffsyivbfhbrbfchfe amr Umg`f) Khij`lrbfj. _okhaa/LmlCbghfscy tmmc tk` G`f‘s Jmuli`s armg \mry

Lrbsshfetmf/Nboc Uh`f`r3 _kbrp`/Khij`lrbfj tk`Ghx`j armg _`bithì/Gurhìi` _t`rf.

Mtk`r r`suits> Oibss B> T`t`r Omk`f mv`r K`rl Qhokfhf wkm‘j nust emtt`f ly E`mre` Kmiz,

<?-<2 hf tk` ?rj. Oibss B Jmuli`s> _kbrp`/_tbf_gmibfmwhoz mv`r Omk`f/Gbrty Zk`hi, <1-<: hf

tk` ?rj. Oibss L> \by Gbijmfbjm. _`fhmr‘s> GhcÌh`l`rgbf mv`r Nhg Q`rtb. Nufhmr‘s> Nàa ^bcbrhfmv`r _omtt Ommp`r, <4, -20, <2. Nufhmr Jmuli`s> @iihs Bii`y-Nm` _ok`fm mv`r _omtt GoJmwìi/Ghc` _t`rf. Pfj`r 20‘s> Ommp`r mv`r ^bcbrhf, Pfj`r 2?‘s> ^bcbrhf mv`r _t`rf.

Btibftb‘s _mutk`bst`rf Mp`f sbw G`f‘s _hfei`s ruff`r-up Nm` _mcmimaa (28, -<4, <2, -2;, -28) bigmst ups`t Nmkf Zbff`khii. Kuftsvhii`, Biblbgb‘s Jmf Ebhtk`r, #2 hf tk` _mutk, j.

Kmg`r Lrmwf, #?, jùo` hf tk` : tk, tm tbc` ?rj. (Zkmuek Ebhtk`r khgsìa hs bothv`, tk` bffubiEbjsj`f Mp`f wbs b fm-EM tkhs y`br lòbusÙ`s Ahfibysmf bfj smg` ma tkms` mf khs

Zmurfbg`ft Omgghtt`` hf tk` pbst w`r` nust thr`jbfj imshfe hft`r`st.) Ebhtk`r/Lrmwf wmf tkÒkbgphmfskhp Jmuli`s mv`r Fmrtk Obrmihfb‘s #2-

rbfc`j Cum-_bf Okufe bfj #<-rbfc`j Kmu-GhfOkbfe wkm‘j rbiih`j armg jmwf <-4 tm mustZbff`khii bfj Lml Ubic`r, tk` _`fhmr whff`r mv`r Jhoc Zuoc`r. Hf tk` Umg`f‘s, L`v`riyf K`ss prmv`j fm omgp ththmf amr Mieb _mit`sz wkm ma omurs pbhr`j whtk Zbff`khii tm tbc tk Ghx`j armg

\bfjy K`ss/Ebyi` \me`rs, bjvbfo`rs mv`r \hokbrjGoBa`` bfj \bfjy‘s jbuekt`r L`v, 28 hf tk` 0tk.

Mtk`r r`suits> Oibss B> GoBa`` j. Lrmwf,<?-<2 hf tk` 0tk. B Jmuli`s> GoBa``/Nmkf Ruhoc j. Okbfe/Zmggy Zbrrbft. Oibss L. Ruhoc j. T`t`Gby. Oibss O> Nhg Bit`flbok j. Ubiiy Tutfbg.

Pfj`r 25‘s> _mit`sz j. Ruhoc.Gbrv Iàa, pbst bfj autur` Aimrhjb Okbgp,

wmf tk` Mribfjm Mp`f mv`r Jmf _tmry wkm‘j`brih`r ìhghfbt`j _t`v` \hem, tk` G`f‘s Okbgp

_mi _okhaa> tmm guok amr mur P._. Nufhmr OkbgphmfTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf

Gbrv Iàa

I h l r t y L

i i



0:

fmt hf tk` f`xt jby‘s ’Aimrhjb‗ Oims`j, bs Zmphos hfomrròtiy k`bjihf`j ht, lut rbtk`r hf tk` Mribfjm

Oims`j. H bism wmfj`r ha tk`r` wbsf‘t b ghstbc` hf Mieb _mit`sz‘s r`pmrt`j somr`s. Hf tk` Mp`f,Mieb wbs sbhj tm kbv` wmf tk` Umg`f‘s armg L`v K`ss, 2<, -<:, << wk`f tk` amiimwhfe jby hftk` Oims`j sk` l`bt k`r 2<, 5 (bfj, orbzy, suppms`jiy wmf tk` 25‘s armg k`r <:-<< hf tk` ? rj!).Mp`f Jmuli`s w`ft tm Iàa/\by G`reihbfm mv`r Oibss B whff`r _tmry bfj ruff`r-up @rfh` \`fz`tth.

Oibss L wbs wmf ly N`rry T`rigutt`r mv`r _t`v` A`j`rhom hf 0. (@qubiiy orbzy> mf` ma N`rry‘s`brih`r ebg`s wbs suppms`jiy wmf 0<-04!)Mf tm Chfespmrt, wk`r` Kbfs Jh`ti jà`bt`j Cum-_bf Okufe tm tbc` tk` G`f‘s. Zk`

Umg`f‘s= Fm whff`rs, lut smg` ims`rs, amr surìy tk`r` w`r` g`gl`rs ma lmtk s`x`s wkm wmuijkbv` wìomg`j Umg`f‘s `v`fts. B _`fhmr‘s `v`ft tk`y kbj‚whtk Nmkf Ukht` tk` whff`r mv`r Lml Aimw`rs. Lut Nufhmr‘s= Fm 25‘s, 20‘s, 2?‘s. Kmw whii tkhs Chfespmrt Oiul survhv`= Oibss Bw`ft tm Zmggy Zbrrbft mv`r Ubiiy Tutfbg. Oibss L tm Ibfo` \ms`gmr` mv`r Kuek Ibx.

L`rt Nbomls (ZZZ , Fmv., 2854, 2?) ehv`s us b omimraui r`pmrt mf tk` Fmrtk`rf Mkhm Mp`f.Lèhfs ly tìihfe us tkbt hf tk` Zbff`khii ahfbi (Nmkf‘s w`brhfe ’b jbrc liu` Z-skhrt whtk b Lbtgbfhfshefhb‗) khs mppmf`ft, Nmkf _p`fo`r, jmwf 1-? hf tk` 2st, ’jhsomv`r`j k` wbs pibyhfe whtksmg`mf` ìs`‘s lbt bfj rbf bwby armg tk` tbli` immchfe amr khs.‗ Ahfj ht mr fmt, sbys L`rt, ’k`

ghekt nust bs wìi kbv` omg` lboc whtk Zk` _`fsumus Umgbf‚b kbrj omv`r mf tk` l`st sìi`r ihst‚piby`j whtk tkbt.‗ Zk`f k` kbst`fs tm sby tkbt _p`fo`r jhj kbv` b emmj whf `brih`r mv`r

Arbfc G`roz armg jmwf <-2 bfj jùo` hf tk` :tk.Zbff`khii, pbhr`j whtk Nbomls, bism wmf tk` Jmuli`s‚mv`r Nhg _up`fscy/Zhg M‘Ermscy.

L`rt tìis us tkbt bt mf` pmhft hf tkhs gbtok k` wbs ’barbhj tm kht‗ bfj sm ’jìhl`rbtìy chii`j ahv`ma _up`fscy‘s s`rv`s maa tk` tbli`. Zkhs, k` tkmuekt, wmuij kìp khg e`t rhj ma khs a`br.‗

L`rt `gpkbshz`s tkbt Jbffy _``ghii`r, wkm skbr`s tk` #< P._. Lmys P-20 rbfchfe whtkEbry Bjìgbf bfj Nmkf Ruhoc, kbj b emmj tmurfbg`ft, l`bthfe G`roz bfj rbfchfe Mkhm piby`rs

Nmkf Z`gpi`, Lhii Kmje`, bfj L`rt khgsìa. ’Ahf` piby`r tkbt k` hs,‗ sbys Nbomls, ’ Jbffy wmuij

l` v`f l`tt`r w`r` k` tm s`` b ombok blmut okbfehfe khs ufmrtkmjmx erhp hf mrj`r tm j`vìmp bf

àaòthv` lbockbfj‗ Sgy htbihosW.

L`rt fjs khs wrht`-up ly ehvhfe us b Trmahi` ma 2:-y`br-mij Ghc` J`gps`y>

’K` gby wìi l` tk` f`xt wk`ìokbhr okbgphmf ma tk` P._. Ghc` hs b ar`skgbf bt LhskmpUbrf`r Khek _okmmi hf Omiuglus, hs bism b stuj`ftbt tk` Tbtrhohb Ebhf`s Jrbgb _okmmi tk`r`, bfj hs bo`rthah`j t`bok`r ma tk` Omfo`pt Zk`rbpy Hfsthtut`hf _bf Bftmfhm, Z`xbs.

Bitkmuek k` kbs l``f pbrbiyz`j armg tk`wbhst jmwf shfo` hfabfoy, tk`r` hs fmtkhfe

wkbtsm`v`r pmw`ri`ss blmut khs kbfjs bfj k`brt,khs sphrht. K` kbs wmf bfy fugl`r ma bwbrjs, fmtmfiy hf tbli` t`ffhs (<fj pibo` hf tk` G`f‘sUk`ìokbhr _hfei`s bt tk` Gbrok Fbthmfbi‘s hf J`trmht, 2st pibo` hf tk` Oibss ? Zmurfbg`ft

bt tk` Fbthmfbi Uk`ìokbhr Ebg`s hf F.X.O. hf Nuf`) lut bism hf suok jhv`rs` `v`fts bsswhgghfe (lr`bst strmc`, lboc strmc`, ar`` styi`), rhai`ry, bfj tk` nbvìhf tkrmw.

Ukbt whtk simt obr rbohfe, pmmi, lbs`lbii, lbsc`tlbii, lmwihfe…tk` ihst em`s mf bfjmf…Ghc`‘s iha` bwby armg tkbt Jrbgb _okmmi hs htsìa b _kbc`sp`brhbf piby‚rhok bfj auii.‗

Ghc` J`gps`y - khs iha` b

_kbc`sp`brhbf piby



00

Bt tk` P._. Trma`sshmfbi Okbgphmfskhps, kìj, ymu ghekt sby, amr prmxhghty ’prma`sshmfbis‗bt Arbfc Zhoky‘s Oiul hf Okhobem, L`rfh` Luch`t, Jìi _w``rhs, N`rry Cbrluicb, bfj T`t`r Trbjht(wkm imst b ebg` tm tk` Oibss B bfj Oibss L whff`r Lhii I`sf`r) bjvbfo`j tm tk` ahfbi rmufjrmlhf. Jìi, hf bfbiyzhfe tk` piby (ZZZ , Fmv., 2854, 2?), lèhfs whtk khs gbtok bebhfst Okhobem‘sCbrluicb>

’N`rry us`s b gmjhah`j p`fkmij`r erhp bfj kbs b lbockbfj limoc whtk tk` wmmj`fshj` ma khs rboc`t tkbt em`s strbhekt hf bfj sm hs jhaa`r`ft armg Okuh‘s mr I``‘s. K` bism kbsabftbstho s`rv`s‚smg` abst shj`sphf, smg` okmppy.

Hf tk` Erbfj \bphjs _ugg`r Mp`f, wk`f H imst tm khg, wkm`v`r wbs s`rvhfewmuij whf amur mut ma ahv` pmhfts. H wmuij lboc up wk`f abo`j whtk tkbt wmmj`f limoc bfj Cbrluicb wmuij tbc` mv`r tk` tbli`. Zkhs thg` H stby`j up oims` bfj limoc`j, jhjf‘t

lboc up amr bfytkhfe, bfj guok gmr` àaòthvìy c`pt ht tm N`rry‘s lbockbfj. Bt tkbt, H lbrìy wmf, <<, <4, 25.‗

Trbjht l`bt Luch`t‚lut Jìi sbys tkbt T`t`r kbj ’tm em `bsy‗ bebhfst L`rfh`‚kbj tm

wbht, tk`f kht kbrj. Ukhok hs tk` sbg` wby Jìi piby`j L`rfh`, lut…

’Pp <-4, H wbs i`bjhfe 24-? hf tk` tkhrj wk`f H emt obrì`ss. Amr twm pmhfts H smrtma gmfc`y`j brmufj. Bfj tk`f L`rfh`, stbrthfe uf`xpòt`jiy tm kht hf, omg`s lboc armg24-0 bfj whfs tk` ebg`!

Bfj hf tk` amurtk H‘g up 24-1‚bfj, bebhf, ht kbpp`fs> H‘g jmwf 21-2: làmr` puiihfe ht mut. Bs guok bs H‘v` piby`j whtk L`rfh , bs guok bs H‘v` s``f khg omg` armg l`khfj, bs guok bs H cfmw k`‘s bs guok b prma`sshmfbi bs bfy piby`r w` kbv`, H sthii wbft

tm rìbx ihc` tkbt. Ht‘s nust jugl.‗

Luch`t jm`s jmwf Cbrluicb tkmuek. Bs jm`s Trbjht‚amr wk`f bt 28-bii hf tk` 2st, T`t`r

e`ts b f`t, N`rry skmws ’gmr` tkbf b tmuok ma t`gp`r.‗ K` ’i`ts aiy tk` f`xt pmhft bfj tk` r`gbhfhfetwm ebg`s.‗

Jìi kbj lboc`j bwby armg tk` tbli` pibyhfe Trbjht bt Erbfj \bphjs, sm ma omurs` tkhs

thg` k` trh`j, bs k` jhj bebhfst Cbrluicb, tm stby up oims`. Bfj fmt mfiy w`r` khs s`rv` r`turfs l`tt`r, lut, bs k` sbys, ’Uk`f Trbjht swufe, H swufe.‗ Bism, wk`f Jìi emt tk` okbfo` tm immpwhtk khs phps, k` wmf pmhfts...nust `fmuek tm tbc` tk` 2 st ebg` bt 28. Lut hf tk` <fj, Trbjht amro`jtk` lbii tm _w``rhs‘s lbockbfj. Bfj tk`f, sbys Jìi, lòbus` T`t`r ’wbs bfeihfe tk` lbii sm l`buthauiiy‚tkbt ahrst bfei`j lbii biwbys tkr`w g` b ihtti maa lbibfo`‚H wbs nust tmm smat.‗

Hf tk` ?rj, Trbjht‘s limocs stmpp`j _w``rhs armg immphfe, bfj tk`y emt hftm smg`tkhfe ma

b puskhfe gbtok. Kmw`v`r, sbys Jìi, ’`v`ry thg` ht wmuij l` g` wkm wmuij try tm lr`bc ht up‚ bfj H‘j ims` gmst ma tkms` pmhfts‗…nust `fmuek tm jrmp tkbt ?rj ebg` bt 28. Zk` :tk Jìi imst bt

2;, amr ’wk`f Trbjht bfei`s tk` lbii mutshj`‚bfj ymu kbv` tm em tm ymur xtr`g` amr`kbfj tm khttk` skmt‚kmw jm ymu e`t lboc tm omfthfu` tk` pmhft= Trbjht obf. J-N obf. Zk`y kbv` sp``j. Lutbigmst bfy Bg`rhobf ymu obf tkhfc ma obffmt. Bfj tkhs hs mf` r`bsmf wky w` e`t l`bt.‗



01

Okbpt`r Ahv`

2854> Tr`-P_MZO Abii Zmurfbg`fts‚Tbrt HH.

2854> _`fjhfe ma P._. Umrij Z`bg Trmgpts Omftrmv`rsy.

Amr hts ghj-_`pt. 24,444Ibc`s Mp`f, tk` Ghff`bpmihsGbemm‘s Oiul wbs pi`bs`j tm lrhfe hf J ii bfj Omffh _w``rhs’tm kìp us whtk mur ombokhfe,ehv` xkhlhthmfs, bfj ma omurs`

tm piby hf tk` tmurfbg`ft.‗ Jìi bfj Omffh` kbj fm

omgp`ththmf, lut Ghff`smtb‘s tmp-rbfc`j piby`rs bgmfetk`gsìv`s kbj smg` t`fs` gbtok`s.

Jmue Gbjby (-2?, <?, 21) rbiih`j tm l`bt \by Gmshm,tk`f wmf b ?-ebg` squ`bc`r armg jà`fshv` spòhbihst Bibf

Emijst`hf, hf wkhok Jmue wbs jmwf 5-4, tk`f up <4-21,tk`f amro`j hftm jùo`, wk`r` k` ahfbiiy wmf ht, <<-<4.

Okbrih` Jhsf`y, wkm‘j l``f ruff`r-up tm Nhg Jbv`y bt tk`-`fj-ma-ibst-s`bsmf‘s Ghff`smtbMp`f, stmpp`j imobi _`fhmr stbr Okrhs Aby` hf ?, lut aìi tm Emijst`hf, 25 hf tk` ?rj.

Hf _hfei`s, Jìi jhjf‘t ims` b ebg`, bfj pbrtf`r`j Omffh` tm whfs hf lmtk tk` G`f‘sJmuli`s (mv`r Jhsf`y/Emijst hf) bfj tk` Ghx`j (mv`r Okbrih`/Omffh` Jhsf`y). Omffh` _w``rhsjhjf‘t piby _hfei`s‚sm tkbt ebv` tk` mtk`r Omffh` tk` mppmrtufhty tm tbc` tk` thti` armg \utkThffìi. Oibss B w`ft tm Lml K`fz` mv`r tk` Ghff`smtb Mp`f B whff`r Okuoc Zurokhc. Zk`

Thffìi lrmtk`rs jmghfbt`j tk` Nufhmr‘s‚whtk Motbvhm whffhfe tk` 25‘s bfj 20‘s, bfj Tkhihptbchfe tk` 2?‘s.

Trmgmt`r Jhsf`y bism turf`j up tk` v`ry f`xt w``c`fj bt tk` Mcibkmgb Ohty _mutkw`st

Mp`f wk`r k gbj tk G`f‘s rmufj rmlhf s`gh‘s whtk whfs mv`r ’tmuek Z`xbfs, Jmf U``gs(wkm hf tk _prhfe Kmustmf Mp`f SkbjW wmf tk G`f‘s Jmuli`s whtk J-N I``) bfj J. E. QbfQmmr`f (wkmg Okbrih` kbj imst tm bt tk` P._. Mp`f).‗ Zbff`khii (mv`r Mcibkmgb Okbgp J`ffhs

Orbwamrj) bfj _urbsbc (mv`r Okuoc Ghokìi) kbj bjvbfo`j rbtk`r bshiy. Lut Amrt Umrtk‘s 28-y`br-mij Jbvhj Lìi, bs \mf _khri`y r`pmrts (ZZZ , Fmv., 2854, 2<), kbj tm em 0 whtk N.O. Z`fby,ruff`r-up hf tk` L‘s tm 2:-y`br-mij _t`v` Jmje`f. Lìi tk`f pr`vbhi`j, bebhf hf tk` 0tk, mv`r ’bf mijf`g`shs, Ghff`bpmihs‘ ahf` okmpp`r Jr. Bibf Emijst`hf.‗ Bibf kbj r`pmrt`jiy mfo` l`bt`f Jbvhj <2-

? mf` ebg`3 k`r` Jbvhj r`tbihbt`j whtk b <2-0 whfmv`r Bibf.

Hf rmufj rmlhf piby, _urbsbc wbs bstrbhekt-ebg` whff`r mv`r Jhsf`y. Lut tk`

amrg`r Zkbhibfj Okbgphmf kbj bii k` omuijkbfji` whtk Lìi, wkm, kbvhfe brih`r ihv`j hfMcibkmgb Ohty, wbs b ormwj abvmrht`. Pp <-2,Jbvhj kbj b 1-pmhft i`bj hf tk` :tk, lut omuijf‘t

kmij ht bfj imst tkbt ebg` bt 28, bfj tk` 0tk bswìi. Fm suok Zkbh omg`lboc wbs pmsshli`bebhfst Zbff`khii. _bhj _urbsbc, ’H jhjf‘t pibyv`ry guok bii sugg`r‗‚bfj khs ebg` skmw`j ht.

Jmue

Gbjby

Jbvhj Lìi

Tkmtm lyNmkffy Gìtmf



05

Hf tk` bls`fo` ma P._. Pfj`r 20 Okbgphmf C`vhfLìi, Oòhi Cmst, bfmtk`r ’sup`r nufhmr‗ armg Z`xbs, gbj`khs gmv`. Bfj tkhs bat`r, bs k` sbys, ’H lrmc` twm tm`s bomupi` ma w``cs bem.‗ _khri`y puff`j tkbt l`tthfe bebhfstOòhi ghekt l` omstiy, bfj kmw rhekt k` wbs, amr bitkmuek

Fmrgbf L`kyg`r kbj b <-2 i`bj mf khg hf tk` Pfj`r 25ahfbi, ’Cmst skmw`j tk` ommi ma b v`t`rbf‗ bfj w`ft mf tmwhf. Bgbrhiim‘s kbrj-khtthfe _t`v` Jmje`f, wkm ihc`s tm piby lbràmmt, tmmc tk` Pfj`r 20‘s armg Cìiy @st`s. Imobi lmy _t`v` Kbggmfj jà`bt j Mgbkb‘s Gurrby Cuti`r tmomg` 2st hf tk` 2?‘s. Jhbfb Gy`rs wbs jyfbght`‚mfiy 24,sk` wmf tk` Ehris‘ 25‘s bfj 20‘s (mv`r N`bf Qbrc`r), bfj

tk`2?‘s (mv`r Tè _kbkb). Obrg`f Mrthz tmmc lmtk tkÙmg`f‘s (mv`r Okrhstb Gmmr`, jùo` hf tk` 0tk) bfj tkÙmg`f‘s B‘s (mv`r Gbry \htokh`). Oibss B w`ft tm NmÒugghfes mv`r Oòhi Cmst hf 0. Oibss O tm Eus C`ff`jy

mv`r Nhg Kbggmfj, 28 hf tk` 0tk

. @squhr` whff`r> Lust`r Okbs` mv`r Nby @vbfs. _`fhmr whff`r> \.O. Ubtchfs mv`r

@jebr _t`hf. \mf _khri`y wrht`s (ZZZ , Jò., 2854, 2:) tkbt Amrt

Umrtk‘s E`f`rbi Jyfbghos \òr`bthmf Bssmohbthmf, whtk tkùsubi hfjhsp`fsbli` kìp ma Imf Oibrc, put mf b abii Hfvhtbthmfbitkbt prmvhj`j tk` piby`rs whtk gmj`st `ftry a``s bfj ar`` ammj.Hfvht`j eu`st J-N I`` jhj khs l`st tm pi`bs` tk` spmfsmrs,

whffhfe khs qubrt`r‘s gbtok <, 1, :, tk`f bjjhfe b <2-1 ebg` hftk` s`gh‘s, bfj b <2-5 mf` hf tk` ahfbi. I``, pbhr`j whtk ’AmrtUmrtk‘s (s`gh-r`thr`j=) sup`r immp`r‗ \hokbrj Nbg`s, bism wmf

tk` G`f‘s Jmuli`s‚mv`r 0-ebg` okbii`fe`rs, _hfei`ss`ghahfbihst Jbvhj Lìi (lrmtk`r C`vhf jhjf‘t `ft`r) bfj ahfbihstKbfugbftk \bm.

Gbrhbff` _zbiby bshiytmmc tk` Umg`f‘s armgObrg`f Mrthz, ’Tu`rtm\hom‘s fm. 2 amr s`v`rbi y`brs làmr` omghfe k`r` Shf tk`

P._.W tm btt`fj Z`xbs Umg`f‘s Pfhv`rshty hf J`ftmf.‗ Lut

Mrthz, pbrtf`r`j ly \htokh`, jà`bt`j _zbiby/Gmmr` hfUmg`f‘s Jmuli`s. Umg`f‘s B‘s w`ft tm Mzìib K`fj`rsmf

mv`r Kì`f @gg`rt. Nm` Ougghfes e`ts b fmj amr whffhfetk` B‘s whtk ’tk` gmst ufusubi whffhfe styi` hf tk`_mutkw`st.‗ (Ht‘s…hfj`sorhlbli`=) Oibss B ruff`r-up \mfZuoc`r t`bg`j whtk Lml M/F`hi tm jmwf Okbs`/N.O. Z`fby

hf tk` B Jmuli`s. Erbjy Emrjmf wr`st`j tk` _`fhmr‘s armgBi @feì, lut whtk Chrcibfj imst tk` _`fhmr Jmuli`s tm \hokTuis/Ubtchfs. Cmst wmf tk` P-25‘s armg Jmje`f, tk` P-20whff`r mv`r Cìiy @st`s.

Oòhi Cmst


’Lust r‗ Okbs` \.O. Ubtchfs

Nm Ougghfes> ufusubi whffhfe styiTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



0;

Zk` Fmrtkw`st choc`j maa hts2854-52 s`bsmf whtk tk` _`btti` Ubskhfetmf Mp`f. NmÌ`` wmf tk` G`f‘s armg Kbrry GoAbjj`f hf 0, bat`r Kbrry kbj ìhghfbt`j Zmg \utthfe`r, bismhf 0. I`` pbhr`j whtk \ml \ml`rts tm tbc` tk` Jmuli`s armg \utthfe`r/Tkhihp Umm Ok`fe, 28hf tk` 0tk. B‘s w`ft tm _uzuch mv`r Okbfjrb Gbjmshfek3 L‘s tm @jjh` Im mv`r I`` Mis`f. ObriI`krmaa/Lml Zmss`y w`r` tk` B Jmuli`s whff`rs.

Ibt`r, smg` ma tk`s` piby`rs wmuij l` whff`rs bt tk` Fmv. 5

tk

Kufebrhbf Mp`f> G`f‘s>Tbc Ibg* j. Tkhihp Umm Ok`fe. Okbgphmfskhp Jmuli`s> Ibg/\ml`rt I`mfe j. Chsk/Iuptbc.Umg`f‘s> Cbtky Kbrrhebf j. @ish` _phffhfe. B‘s> Qhotmr Im j. Chsk. B Jmuli`s> Chsk/Fbey j.\mibfj Lmurbssb/Gbjmshfek. _`fhmr‘s> Kbrry GoAbjj`f j. @bri Bjbgs.

Zkhs wbs GoAbjj`f‘s ibst tmurfbg`ft3 hf ihtti` gmr` tkbf b w``c k`‘j l` j`bj, amr, bsH‘j g`fthmf`j hf Qmi. HQ, k`‘j l` abtbiiy skmt mutshj` khs obl ly b pbss`fe`r k` gby kbv`strueei`j whtk. Jr. Ghokbì _omtt tmij g` tkbt Kbrry wbs b tmuek euy bfj, tkmuek k`

smg`thg`s wmrc`j lbj f`heklmrkmmjs, kbj vmw`j f`v`r tm ehv` hf tm bfymf` wkm‘j tkr`bt`fkhg. Ghokbì sbhj tkbt bii tk` obl jrhv`rs hf _`btti` skmw`j up tm pby tk`hr r`spòts bt khsauf`rbi, bfj tkbt b tbli` t`ffhs aimw`r s`tthfe wbs brrbfe`j> b ibre` l`j ma obrfbthmfs, r`j whtkb wkht` o`ft`r (tm r`pr`s`ft tk` r`j rull`r rboc`t bfj tk` wkht` lbii). Ghokbì khgsìa maa`r`j b

$0,444 r`wbrj amr hfamrgbthmf i`bjhfe tm tk` obptur` ma tk` chii`r, bfj k` wbs `v`ftubiiyamufj, brr`st`j, bfj omfvhot`j.

Jhròtmr Imu Lmok`fsch pmhft`j mut (ZZZ , Jò., 2854, 2<) tkbt khs Mrèmf Mp`f, piby`j mf b _bturjby hf @ue`f`, maa`r`j mfiy mf` `v`ft. Kmw`v`r, tk` ufhqu` amrgbt obii j amr `bok ftrbft tm piby 5 rmufjs ma shfei`s, hf wkhok hf bok rmufj k`/sk` wmuij piby smg`mf`whtk tk` sbg` mr rmuekiy tk` sbg` boouguibt`j gbtok somr` (tkmuek f`v`r tk` sbg` p`rsmftwho`). Zrmpkh`s w`ft tm tk` tmp amur‚obii tk`g tk` Okbgphmfskhp whff`rs‚wkm kbj ’tk`khek`st tmtbi gbtok somr`.‗ Zm lr`bc th`s, ’tk` rbthfes ma bii tk` mppmf`fts ma b piby`r br`

ihst`j3 tk` khek`st bfj imw`st br` jì`t`j3 tk` r`gbhfj`r br` tmtbi`j3 tk` piby`r whtk tk` khek`r tmtbi Swkm‘s piby`j tk` tmuek`r mppmshthmfW whfs tk` th`.‗ \bthfes rbfe`j armg Oibss B (2;44-2888) tkrmuek tk` L, O, bfj Fmvho` Oibss (Pfj`r 2:44), bfj trmpkh`s w`r` bwbrj`j tm tk`

twm khek`st ahfhsk`rs hf `bok ma tk`s` oibss`s. Mtk`r trmpkh`s w`ft tm Umg`f, _`fhmrs, bfjNufhmrs.

\`suits> Okbgphmfskhp> 2. Tbc Ibg. <. \ml \ml`rts. ?. Nm` I``. :. Nàa Curtz.

Umg`f> 2. Nujy Lmok`fsch (tkmuek sk` f`v`r piby`j b wmgbf). <. Cbtky Kbrrhebf. Oibss B>2. Lml Abrwìi. <. \mibfj Lmurbssb. Oibss L> 2. \mf Obrv`r. <. @jjh` Okhf. _`fhmr‘s> 2. BrtLbrrmf. <. @bri Bjbgs. Lmys‘ 25> 2. Qhotmr Im. <. Jbffy Gbttsmf. Lmys‘ 20> 2. Qhotmr Im.Lmys‘ 2?> 2. @jjh` Im. <. Lrhbf Pbue`.

_bturjby `v`fhfe _hfei` @ihghfbthmf Jmuli`s> G`f‘s> I``/\ml`rts mv`r Arbfc Cbrhcb/\utthfe`r. Ghx`j> Gbttsmf/Nujy Lmok`fsch mv`r Qm Ruh Kbf/Cbr`f L`rihf`r. Oibss L> _t`v`/

Cbr`f L`rihf`r mv`r Ibrry Lbrtì/Ebry Cìi`r. _ufjby gmrfhfe \mufj \mlhf _hfei`s> Ahfbi>\utthfe`r ($:0) j. Curtz ($<;). _`gh‘s> \utthfe`r j. I`` ($22)3 Curtz j. \ml`rts ($22).

Amr bigmst bii _bf Arbfohsom Lby piby`rs, ht‘s nust tmm `xp`fshv` bfj tmm thg`-omfsughfe tm tbc` tk` 144-ghi` nmurf`y up tm @ue`f` amr tk` Lmok`fsch tmurfbg`fts.Kmw`v`r, bahohmfbjms armg Ubskhfetmf/Mrèmf trbvì`j jmwf tm Ihv`rgmr` amr tk` Mot. $:44Obihamrfhb Emij`f _tbt` Mp`f. Ubs ht emmj mr lbj amr Omwbf tkbt k` jhjf‘t omg` up armg

I.B.= K` wmuijf‘t rhsc b lbj imss, lut k`‘j bism ghss b okbfo` tm immc emmj, bfj khs pmshthmfmf tk` P._. Umrij Z`bg wbs o`rtbhfiy fmt sòur`.

Hf tk` 00-`ftry G`f‘s (2st Trhz`, $54), J`fhs M‘Omffìi jhjf‘t whf, lut k` piby`j‚ omuft ‛`g‚2-<-?-:-0-1 gmg`ftmus gbtok`s> hf tk` 2st rmufj k` wmf, hf 0, mv`r \hokbrj



08

Ihbfe wkm tmmc tk` B‘s armg Tbui \bpkì3 hf tk`<fj rmufj, k` wmf, bebhf hf 0, mv`r \ml`rt Zmrr`s3hf tk` ?rj rmufj, hf : (-2<, <<, <<, 20) mv`r NmÌ``3 hf tk` qubrt`r‘s, <;-<1-hf-tk`-0tk, mv`r @rwhfCi`hf3 hf tk` s`gh‘s, hf 0, mv`r Jbvhj Okbf tm e`t

tm tk` ahfbi. G`bfwkhi`…Zmfy _uthv`n, jmwf <-2bfj bt jùo` hf tk` :tk whtk Gbrc Bjìgbf,survhv`j. Bfj Zmg \utthfe`r, làmr` imshfe tmZmfy hf tk` s`gh‘s, tkrhii`j mfimmc`rs whtk b 28-hf-tk`-0tk whf mv`r Fhoc Ghftshv`rhs. Kbrry Fìsmf, hf khs wrht -up ma tk` tmurfbg`ft (ZZZ , Fmv., 2854, 22), sbys tkbt, làmr ’<04

`ftkushbstho spòtbtmrs,‗ _uthv`n, ’skmwhfe b emmjomglhfbthmf ma quhoc khts, j``p khts bfj pusk`s,‗`v`ftubiiy puii`j mut tk` ahfbi bebhfst M‘Omffìi,28 hf tk` 0tk.

_mg` mtk`r whff`rs> G`f‘s Jmuli`s>Bjìgbf/Kmwh` Ermssgbf mv`r E`mre` Gbcc/

Nàa Gbsmf hf 0. Umg`f‘s> Hr`f` Meus mv`r @rhcbHqlbi. Ghx`j Jmuli`s> Meus/Ermssgbf mv`r Nhg Fbhc/Hqlbi. @squhr`‘s> _bg Ihgb mv`r Lml _tmf`._`fhmr‘s> \uss Zkmgpsmf mv`r \ml`rt @oc`rt.L‘s> Kmwbrj Okuoc mv`r Nmkf Kbrrhfetmf. O‘s> \hokbrj Z`rry mv`r Okuoc. O Jmuli`s> ZmgGuiihfs/Z`rry mv`r Jbf Liugl`re/\mf Lrmmcs. Omfsmibthmf> Ghc` Er``f` mv`r Nhg Lrhstmi.

25‘s> Okuoc mv`r 22-y`br-mij _bf Arbfohsom prmjhey Obivhf Okmw wkm l`bt \bpkì bfjLiugl`re. 20‘s> \bpkì mv`r Liugl`re. Nufhmr Jmuli`s> Okmw/Zbg Cbg mv`r Okuoc/Bii`fE``. Zk`s` ibtt`r amur lmys, sbys Fìsmf, ’bat`r e`tthfe maa tk` lus armg _.A., bfj wkhi`

kurryhfe tmwbrj tk` br`fb (b emmj twm ghi` wbic)…w`r` oht`j ly imobi pmiho` amr ormsshfebebhfst b r`j ihekt.‗ Zk`s` chjs tk`f br` tm bpp`br hf omurt= Amra`ht s`v`rbi gmftks‘ wmrtk ma biimwbfo`s=

Ei`ff Omwbf jhjf‘t skmw amr tk` _bftb Gmfhob Mp`f `htk`r. K`r`, tkmuek Nboc Kmwbrj wmf tk` tmurfbg`ft whtk `bs`, ihghthfe M‘Omffìi tm :? pmhfts bimfe tk` wby, ht wbsr`biiy ruff`r-up \mf Qmf _okhggìgbf wkm emt tk` okbfo` tm skhf`, amr k` rbiih`j armg jmwf<-4 tm must Bjìgbf hf tk` qubrt`r‘s, tk`f emt ly Ermssgbf hf 0 hf tk` s`gh‘s. Umg`f‘swhff`r wbs U`fjy Khocs3 ruff`r-up, Bfeìhtb \msbi. G`f‘s Jmuli`s> Bjìgbf/\ussZkmgpsmf. Ghx`j Jmuli`s> Lml Bski`y/Trhsohiib (f`` \`s`c) Tbrc`r. B‘s> \bpkì mv`r E`mre`

GoEk``, 28 hf tk` 0tk. L‘s> \bpkì mv`r Mw`f Ouffhfekbg. O‘s> I`rmy Cmfjm mv`r I`fGbrthf. 25‘s> \by Euhii`f mv`r \bpkì. 20‘s> \bpkì mv`r @rho Zkmg. _`fhmr‘s> Ar`j K`rlst

mv`r Gbrthf.Ar`j, bs b P_ZZB Qho` Tr`shj`ft, bfj b U`st Ombst omrr`spmfj`ft amr Zmphos, r`biiy

`fnmy`j omftrhluthfe tm tk` gbebzhf`, bfj wbs obpbli` ma khek s`rhmusf`ss mr bjmi`so`ftarhvmihty. Hf tk` Nbf.-A`l., 2852 hssu`, k` maa`r`j ’B Thotur` bfj b Liu`prhft‗ (8) hf wkhok k`

j`sorhl`j tk` mrebfhzbthmfbi struotur` ma tk` P_ZZB, spòhah`j kmw hts vmiuft``rs w`ft blmuthts gbfy juth`s tm c``p tk` Bssmohbthmf aufothmfhfe, bfj omfoiuj`j tkbt, tm gbc` b okbfe` amr tk` l`tt`r, tk` Bssmohbthmf f``j`j bf @xòuthv` Jhròtmr/_òr`tbry, mf` wkm‘j ’l` bvbhibliàmr blmut $20,444 b y`br, whtk lmfus`s mr hfor`bs`s j`p`fj`ft mf bjj`j hfomg`.‗ Zru`, bs

Zmfy _uthv`n> 2854 Emij`f _tbt` Mp`f OkbgpTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



14

Ar`j sbys, ’Zkhs hfhthbi mutiby hs smg`wkbt ma b rhsc amr us.‗ Bfj, tru`, tk` @.O., fmt cfmwhfewk`r` tkhs gmf`y wbs tm omg` armg, bfj fmt whiihfe tm try tm rbhs` ht, jhj fmt amiimw up mfAr`j‘s ’Liu`prhft.‗ Hf b rìbt`j brthoi`, \uaamrj Kbrrhsmf pmhft`j mut tkbt, wkbt whtk maaho` bfjtrbvì `xp`fs`s, tkbt $20,444 `xp`fs` ghekt l` jmuli`j, bfj tkbt ’omfor`t` r`suits wmuij prmlbliy fmt l` r bihz`j amr twm mr tkr`` y`brs, imfe làmr wkhok w` skmuij l` lbfcrupt.‗

K`rlst bism trh`j khs kbfj bt wrhthfe b omiugf obii`j ’_hj`s bfj @je`s‗ (s`` _`pt.-Mot., 2854, 2<), hf wkhok smg` r`bj`rs tkmuekt k` w`ft mv`r tk` `je` whtk b liu`, ’Tibylmy-Zyp` Nmc`‗ bfj b a`w mtk`r hfomfs`qu`fthbi, tbstì`ss omgg`fts, hfoiujhfe b rà`r`fo` tm_t`v` Hsbbosmf‘s w`hekt. F`xt hssu`, Jmf Euff‘s r`spmfs` wbs, ’_by, tkbt Ar`j K`rst hs bobrj, hsf‘t k`= K` skmuij l` j`bit whtk.‗ Bfj k` wbs‚whtk Hsbbosmf‘s tmfeu`-hf-ok``c

r`spmfs` (’Obf Zìi B Gbf Ly Khs Thotur`‗). _t`v` pr`t`fj`j hfb I`tt`r tm tk` @jhtmr k` wbs Iburb Omiih`r, ma Jurkbg, F.O.,

wbfthfe tm obfoì k`r sulsorhpthmf tm Zmphos lòbus` ’bfmtk`rwhs` wmfj`rauiiy wkmi`smg` abghiy p`rhmjhobi‗ kbs l``f’tbhft`j‗ ly Gr. K`rlst‘s ’wkmiiy vuiebr btt`gpts bt kugmr.‗Iburb tbc`s Ar`j tm tbsc amr hfsuithfe ’tkbt fho` Gr. Hsbbosmf,‗

bfj suee`sts tkbt ’Gr. K`rlst skmuij pursu` khs iht`rbry obr``r hf tk` G`f‘s \mmg….T`mpi` ma khs hic s`rhmusiy w`bc`f tk`

gmrbi ahl`r ma mur smoh`ty bfj tkr`bt`f tm ufj`rghf` tk` Emj-a`brhfe Okrhsthbf ymutk ma mur wmfj`raui omuftry.‗ Iburb fbg`s

K`rlst tk` Kmfmrbry Tr`shj`ft ma ’A.\[email protected]. (Ahitky \k`tmrho @fjbfe`rs J`gmorboy).‗ _k`(sho) bism hfoiuj`s bf ufaibtt`rhfe obrtmmf-pkmtm (shef`j ’_t`v` Hsbbosmf‗ tkbt kbj bpp`br`j hfbf `brih`r hssu`) ma Ar`j hf jbrc eibss`s tkbt gbc`s khg immc ihc` b kmmj.

Zk` tmfeu`-hf-ok``c strmc`s omuijf‘t kbv` l``f lrmbj`r, lut Ar`j wbs tbc`f hf. Hf tk`

Nbf.-A`l., 2852 hssu` k` bpmimehz`j tm tkms` k`‘j maa`fj`j. Lut k` bism r`pih`j jà`fshvìy>

’…H whsk orhthohz`rs omuij bism l` sìa-

orhthobi. Ht‘s sm `bsy tm i`t tk` typ`wrht`r rufbwby whtk ymu mfo` ymu tbc` ht hf kbfj. Làmr`mf` obf r`bihz` wkbt‘s kbpp`fhfe Stbic blmut

hrmfyW, okbrbot`r bssbsshfbthmfs bfj vhohmus p`rsmfbi blus br` sp`whfe amrtk. B lbwjy n`sths gbj` r`spmfshli` amr tk` j`struothmf ma rìhehmf bfj tk` jmwfabii ma mur ymutk.

Zruiy, tkbt‘s tk` jhrth`st nmc` H `v`r k`brj hf gy iha`‗ (22).

Hf bii abhrf`ss tm Ar`j, tkmuek, k` jhj kbv` b

s`fs` ma kugmr blmut tk` `xokbfe`‚s`ft hf b pkmtmhf wkhok k`‘s w`brhfe tk` ibpì phf, ’@v`f Jhrty MijG`f F``j Imv`.‗

Omwbf jhj piby hf lmtk tk` Tbohaho

_mutkw`st Mp`f (wk`r` k` imst tm lmtk tk` whff`r Ci`hf bfj tk` ruff`r-up Kmwbrj) bfj hf tk` ObihamrfhbOims`j (wk`r` k` imst tm tk` whff`r Kmwbrj, lut l`btCi`hf, 2; hf tk` 0tk). Tbohahobiiy, hf tk` mf` tmurfbg`ft,

Ar`j K`rlst> ’@v`f jhrty mij g`f f``j imv`‗



12

Kmwbrj/Omwbf wmf tk` Jmuli`s3 hf tk`mtk`r ht wbs Ermssgbf/Euhii`f. Hf tk`_mutkw`st Mp`f, Tbtty Gbrthf`z kbj ‟2;,<4, 2<, 28 trmuli` whtk K`btk`r Bfeìhf`ttb lut tk`f just`j U`fjy Khocs

hf tk` ahfbi. Tbtty bism tmmc tk` B‘s armgGhftshv`rhs. U`fjy wbs tk` Umg`f‘swhff`r, hf Tbtty‘s bls`fo`, bt tk` Oims`j(mv`r K`btk`r) bfj tk` B whff`r (mv`r Zhg I`btk`rgbf).

Tbtty, w` i`brf armg b (Jò.,2854, 8) Zmphos I`tt`r tm tk` @jhtmr, wbs

fm imfe`r Tbtty Gbrthf`z lut Tbtty Obsk,amr mf Mot. 25 sk` gbrrh`j <4-y`br-mijI`ryi Jubf` Obsk, wkmg sk`baaòthmfbtìy obiis ’L``l.‗ Tbtty sbys tkbt

’L``l‗ hs b phimt, bfj amr 5 gmftks kbj’swmmf`j g` hf khs mwf O`ssfb.‗ K`

pibfs tm l` bf bhr omftrmii`r bfj bf bhrihf` phimt. Botubiiy, b ’jmuli o`r`gmfy tmmc pibo`,‗ amr Tbtty‘s lrmtk`r N ss gbrrh j28-y`br-mij _bf Jhèm Ohty Omiiè`stuj`ft Gyrfb _tbfamrj.

Z``fbe`rs \bpkì bfj Euhii`f

jmghfbt`j guok ma tk` piby bt tk`_mutkw`st Mp`f, lut @rho Zkmg bfj tk` Ommp`r shst`rs, Okrhsty bfj Ohfjy, w`r` omgp`ththv` whtktk`g. \hokbrj Gbisboc l`bt Zkmg, tk`f Cbtky Okhf tm whf tk` O‘s. Jbffy Lbfbok wbs l`st hf tk`

_`fhmr‘s, tkmuek k` kbj tm em 2; hf tk` 0tk

whtk Obrg`f \ho`vutm._mg` mtk`r whff`rs bt tk` Oims`j, wkhok wbs kìj tm rbhs` aufjs tm s`fj b G`f‘s bfj b

Umg`f‘s Z`bg tm J`trmht amr tk P_MZO‘s> _`fhmr‘s> Nuihus Tbbi mv`r \uss Zkmgpsmf. Omiiè`

_hfei`s> Arbfc Uu mv`r Jmue _t`wbrt. L‘s> _bgGbtmsshbf mv`r K`rlst. O‘s> Arbfc Kuzbrscy mv`r

Gbtmsshbf. Arbfc, ’bv`t`rbf tmmi bfj jh`gbc`r, mrhehfbiiy armgKufebry,‗ bfj \by

Ahìjs, ’b okbrbot`r botmr bfj…b

omfo`sshmfbhr` bt tkìbre` spmrthfe v`fts hftk` Ims Bfeì`sOmihsùg,‗ br`

pibffhfe tm mp`f bamur-tbli` oiul hfjmwftmwf I.B. omg`tk f`w y`br.

’L``l‗ swmmf`j k`r

hf khs O`sfbTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf

\by Ahìjs Nuihus Tbbi



1<

_hfo` tk` Imfe L`bok Mp`f wbskìj tk` sbg` w``c`fj bs tk`P_MZO‘s, smg` ma Obihamrfhb‘s l`stg`f bfj wmg`f piby`rs w`r` hfJ`trmht. Uhff`rs w`r`> G`f‘s>

Jbrryi Aibff j. Ermssgbf (tkhsgbtok ugphr`j ly abg`j lihfjugphr` Okuoc G`jhoc). Umg`f‘s>Tbuihf` Ubic`r j. Gbry BffEu`rhf. G`f‘s Jmuli`s> Euhii`f/Ermssgbf j. \bpkì/Lbrj Lr`ff`r hf 0. Ghx`j Jmuli`s> Jh`t`r Kul`r/

Ubic`r j. Lhii/Gbry Bff Eu`rhf.B‘s> Hokhrm Kbskhgmtm j. \bpkì.

P_ZZB Umrij Z`bg _ìòthmf

Trmgpts Omftrmv`rsyLàmr` tk` Fmv. 1-; piby lèbf bt

J`trmht‘s Omlm Kbii tm j`t`rghf`fmt mfiy tk` G`f‘s, Umg`f‘s, bfjNufhmr Okbgphmfs bt tkhs y`br‘sP._. Mp`f Z`bg Okbgphmfskhps lut bism tk` sìòthmf ma tk` P._.G`f‘s bfj Umg`f‘s Z`bgs tm tk`

2852 Fbemyb Umrij‘s, Nboc Obrr‘somgg`fts‚qu`sthmfhfe wky w`w`r` s`fjhfe b P._. Z`bg bfj mf`,

tm lmmt, tkbt kbj fmf-P._. ohthz`fsmf ht‚brmus`j s`v`rbi vmho`s hfr`luttbi. Bfj nustiy sm.

Nboc, wkm kbs f`v`r l``f tm b Umrij Okbgphmfskhp, bfjwkm cfmws rìbthvìy ihtti` blmut kmw tbli` t`ffhs hs piby`j hfomuftrh`s tk` wmrij mv`r, breu`s (ZZZ , Fmv., 2854, 23 5)tkbt‚lòbus w` br`f‘t b omft`fjhfe t`bg, lòbus`, hfj``j,w` ’e`t oimll`r`j ly tk` l`st t`bgs…SbfjW jmf‘t `v`f g``ttk` l`st mf`s shfo` w` br` fmt emmj `fmuek tm l`bt tk` i`ss`r

t`bgs‗‚w` skmuijf‘t s`fj mur piby`rs. Zm tkhs, mur Hft`rfbthmfbi Okbhr \uaamrj Kbrrhsmf pmhfts mut (ZZZ , Fmv.,

2854, 23 5) tkbt, boomrjhfe tm bfy _wbytkihfe Oup amrgbt,’tk`r` hs biwbys mf` emmj t`bg‗ w` kbv` tm piby. Bfj JmfEuff r`spmfjs (ZZZ , Nbf.-A`l., 2852, 24) tkbt, ’Ha w` `xt`fjNboc‘s breug`ft ly wkbt tkhfchfe typ`s obii r`juothm bj

blsurjug, w` gust tk`f bsc wky bfymf` skmuij `ft`r btmurfbg`ft mr `v`ft k` obffmt r`bsmfbliy `xpòt tm whf.‗

Ukbt wmuij kbpp`f tm mur P._. Mp`f, mur P_ZZB, wkbt wmuij kbpp`f tm tk` UmrijOkbgphmfskhps, tk` HZZA, ha `v`rymf` tkmuekt tkhs wby=

Zk` abg`j lihfj ugphr` Okuoc G`jhoc (s``f k`r` omurt`sy ma

tk` Imfe L`bok Tr`ss Z ièrbg) ugphrhfe b gbtok l`tw``fJbrryi Aibff (I) bfj Kmwh` Ermssgbf. (Tkmtm ly Nmkf Kbffb)

Nboc Obrr>

ims`rs jmf‘t em tm tk` Umrij‘sTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



1?

Amrg`r P._. UmrijZ`bg g`gl`rs Nmkf bfjTbuihf` _mgbì w`r` gmv`j tmr`piy (ZZZ , Jò., 2854, ;).Zk`y aìt tk` P_ZZB nust

wbsf‘t jmhfe `fmuek tm try tmaufj tk` 2852 Z`bg>

’…Hfa`rhmr piby`rs whfj up bs mur omuftry‘sr`pr`s`ftbthv`s ha w`

mfiy s`fj piby`rs wkmobf pby tk`hr mwf wby,wkhok hs rhjhouimus. Ha w` obf‘t s`fj t`bgs tm

tk` Umrij‘s prmp`riytk`f tk` P_ZZB hs b abhiur`.

Zk` L@_Z piby`rs skmuij l` s`ft, rèbrji`ss ma be`, bfj tk`y skmuij l` s`fttmtbiiy sulshjhz`j tm `v`ry Umrij Okbgphmfskhp. Zkhs skmuij l` tk` prhg` aufothmf ma tk` P_ZZB.

_m wkbt ha w` br` fmw mfiy rbfc`j <4tk hf tk` wmrij. Jm`s tkbt g`bf w` jmf‘t piby=…

U` sthii kbv` mur P_B nboc`ts obràuiiy pr`s`rv`j, kbfehfe hf mur oims`ts.

Lòbus` w` w`r`, bfj sthii br`, prmuj ma kbvhfe l``f j`s`rvhfeiy obpbli` ma r`pr`s`fthfe mur omuftry….‗

Nboc sbys k` obf‘t qubrrì whtk (wkm omuij=) piby`rs wbfthfe tk` r`wbrj ma emhfe tmtk` Umrij‘s mr ma tbchfe prhj` hf pibyhfe amr tk`hr omuftry. Lut k` jm`sf‘t ihc` wkbt k`‘s k`brjblmut tk` pbst l`kbvhmr ’ma b a`w‗ piby`rs‚’fmt prbothohfe, iboc ma t`bg sphrht, hgprmp`r

jr`ss, tbrjhf`ss, mutshj` bothvhth`s, ebglihfe‗ (okbre`s wkhok hf pbst vmiug`s H‘v` jhsouss`j hftk`hr r`quhr`j omft`xt). Nboc jm`s bjght, tkmuek, tkbt tk` 2818 aufj`j ermup ’jhj rbtk`r wìiufj`r tk` i`bj`rskhp ma Obpt. Nmkf \`bj‗3 o`rtbhfiy tk`y mls`rv`j tk` fho`th`s, jhjf‘t`glbrrbss tk` maahohbis. Hs ht tk`f Nboc‘s pmhft tkbt tk` piby`rs ufj`r ourr`ft omfshj`rbthmf l`suspòt`j ma, mr, wmrs`, l` pufhsk`j amr, bii tk` trbfser`sshmfs (ha tkbt‘s wkbt tk`y w`r`) ma pbst piby`rs=

Ha, sbys Nboc, mf` breu`s tkbt ’tm hgprmv` w` gust s`fj b t`bg tm tk` Umrij‘s,‗ k` obf pmhft mut tkbt tk` Okhf`s` ’jhj M.C. whtkmut tkbt pr`vhmus `xp`rh fo`.‗ Botubiiy, bat`r tk`

Okhf`s` ahfhsk`j bpp`brhfe bt tk` Umrij Okbgphmfskhps hf 2800 tk`y kbj b gmr` mr i`ss tmc`fKmfmrbli` G`fthmf amr 2 gbf bfj 2 wmgbf hf tk` Umrij \bfchfes3 hf 2801 tk`y kbj 2 gbfrbfc`j Umrij #223 hf 2805 < g`f rbfc`j Umrij #5 bfj #22 bfj twm mtk`r g`f ufj`r omfshj`rbthmf amr rbfchfes pius b wmgbf rbfc`j #5 bfj twm mtk`rs ufj`r omfshj`rbthmf3 hf

2808, : g`f rbfc`j #2, #;, #22, bfj #25 pius < wmg`f rbfc`j #: bfj #223 hf 2812, ; g`frbfc`j #2, #<, #?, #5, #;, bfj ? mtk`rs hf tk` Zmp 20 pius : wmg`f hf tk` Zmp 24 rbfc`j #2,#1, #5, bfj #;. Ht wmuij s``g tkbt pibyhfe hf Umrij omgp`ththmf jhj kìp tk` Okhf`s`. Lut ma omurs` tm hgpiy tkbt tk` P._. wmuij kbv` tk` wk`r`whtkbi tm gbc` tk` prmer`ss tkbt tk`

Nmkf bfj Tbuihf` _mgbì - tk`hr ’P_B nboc`ts obràuiiy pr`s`rv`j‗Tkmtms ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



1:

Okhf`s` jhj hf b omuftry wk`r` tk` _pmrt hs sm pmpuibr (r`pmrt`jiy hf 2814, hf b _kbfekbh ohtytmurfbg`ft, tk`r` w`r` ?44,444 `ftrbfts) hs rhjhouimus.

Ha w` wbft tm hgprmv`, sbys Nboc, wky jmf‘t w` s`fj bf bii-Nufhmr t`bg= Fmt tkbttk`y‘r` ihcìy tm hgprmv` lòbus` ma tk` xp`rh`fo`. Hf abot, k` cfmws ma mfiy mf` P._. piby`r wkm k` tkhfcs hgprmv`j ly emhfe tm tk` Umrij‘s (tkhs stbt`g`ft wmuij l` i`ss suspòt ha k`

g`bfs b rò`ft Umrij‘s)‚tkbt‘s Jìi _w``rhs. Zwm Nufhmrs mf tk` P._. Umrij Z`bg Nboc tbic`j tm jhjf‘t s``g tm kbv` i`brf`j bfytkhfe. Zm tkbt, Jmf Euff r`pih`s>

’…Zm jm sm Stm kbv` i`brf`jW r`quhr`s b jèr`` ma p`ro`pthmf bfjsìa-bfbiyshs wkhok a`w nufhmrs mr bjuits bttbhf. Gbfy ma us w`r` stugp`j lytk` pbr`ftbi qu`sthmf ma ‛Ukbt jhj ymu i`brf hf sokmmi tmjby=‘ Lut w` jhjr`bihz` tkbt hf smg` wby tkbt jby kbj bjj`j smg`tkhfe tm mur ihv`s, jàhfbli`

mr fmt.Ukbt b piby`r i`brfs bt tk` Umrij‘s hs fmt smg`tkhfe tkbt obf l`

ròht`j, ihc` stbthsthos3 ht hfvmiv`s a`ìhfes, bfj vbrhmus rbtk`r `smt`rhor`bothmfs tkbt jm fmt yhìj bshiy tm bfbiyshs. Amr b piby`r wkm hs `gmthmfbiiy

bs wìi bs pkyshobiiy hfvmiv`j hf tbli` t`ffhs, emhfe tm tk` Umrij‘s amr tk` ahrstthg` hs, mr skmuij l`, ihc` b ahrst rmgbfo`, s``hfe ‛_pbo` Mjyss`y,‘ mr suaa`rhfe

b rìhehmus r`vìbthmf. Hf mtk`r wmrjs, ht hs b psyokho xp`rh`fo` ly wkhok mf`hs gmv`j, okbfe`j, p`rkbps hfsphr`j. O`rtbhfiy ht hs bf xp`rh`fo` wkhokskmuij l` gmr`, fmt i`ss, bttbhfbli`.‗

Nboc sbys ymu obf‘t `ft`r b P._. Z`bg nust tm ’suppmrt tk` H.Z.Z.A. bfj pbrthohpbt` hfhft`rfbthmfbi omgp`ththmf‗‚fmt wk`f ’smg` ma tk` er`bt`st hft`rfbthmfbi omgp`ththmf wbs

ourtbhi`j wk`f tk` @.O. jòihf`j tm kmfmr b omftrbot bpprmv`j ly tk` pr`vhmus P_ZZB pr`shj`ft mr pursu` b f`w mf` whtk tk` Qbfj`rlhit Btki`tho Oiul.‗ Er`bt`st hft`rfbthmfbiomgp`ththmf= Hs tkbt wkbt Nboc tkmuekt tkms` btt`gpts ly E`zb Ebzjbe tm pi`bs` bf bujh`fo`,

mat`f whtk `xkhlhthmf piby, wbs= Z`rrhaho pr`ssur`‚guok bt stbc`= H jmf‘t tkhfc sm. Bfj wkbtkbv` tk` pmsshli` vbebrh`s ma bfy P_ZZB Tr`shj`ft bfj khs @.O. mf bfy moobshmf emt tm jmwhtk tk` ibre`r qu`sthmf ma P._. piby`rs pbrthohpbthfe hf Umrij Okbgphmfskhps=

Zk`f Nboc gbc`s tk` stbt`g`ft tkbt w` bir`bjy kbv` omgp`ththmf bgmfe hft`rfbthmfbi piby`rs ’shfo` gbfy ma mur tmp piby`rs br` fmt P._. ohthz`fs.‗ X s, bfj ht‘s emmj tm kbv` tk`g,tk` strmfe`r tk` l`tt`r. Lut kmw strmfe br` tk`y= Bfj ihcìy tk`y‘ii l` k`r` amr b wkhi`, bfj smv`ry smmf tk`y wmf‘t kbv` bfytkhfe f`w tm ehv` us. Nboc a`brs tkbt w`‘ii put amr`hef`rs mf mur Z`bg wkm‘ii l` k`r` tmjby, emf` tmgmrrmw. Mr `v`f ha tk`y stby tkrmuek tk` y`brs ht tbc`stk`g tm e`t ohthz`fskhp, hs ht ’bfy wmfj`r w` rò`hv` fmtkhfe hf tk` wby ma emv`rfg`ft

sulshjy=‗ Nboc sbys tkbt tm s`fj J-N I`` bfj E`mre` Lrbtkwbht` tm O`ftrbi Bg`rhob ibst y`br wbs ’sphtthfe hf tk` P._. emv`rfg`ft‘s abo`‗‚amr tk`f tk` Bssmohbthmf kbj tm r`nòt tk` ar``

trbfspmrtbthmf tk` emv`rfg`ft wbs maa`rhfe…mfiy tm b ohthz`f. (Lut, g‘emj‚’sphtthfe hf tk`P._. emv`rfg`ft‘s abo`‗=‚o‘gmf, tk` @.O. jhjf‘t cfmw blmut tkbt emv`rfg`ftbi r`quhr`g`ftwk`f tk`y bpprmv`j tk` sìòthmf.) Bfj `v`f ha bii mur Z`bg g`gl`rs w`r` ohthz`fs, wmuij w`tk`f `xpòt tk` emv`rfg`ft tm sulshjhz` us= Jm`s tkbt amiimw= Bfywby, sbys Nboc, ’w` ehv`

`fmuek amr`hef bhj fmwbjbys,‗ bfj ht‘s nust fmt prmp`r tm kbv` ’amr`hef`rs r`pr`s`fthfe tk`P._. hf mtk`r omuftrh`s.‗ F`xt tkhfe, ymu cfmw, w`‘ii wbft tm `xpbfj mf tkbt‚whii wbft tm luy emmj amr`hef piby`rs mr e`t tk`g k`r` mf ’b twm-y`br sokmibrskhp‗ tm piby amr us. Zk`fhgbehf` kmw bf ’Bg`rhobf‗ Z`bg omuij immc!

Jmf Euff



10

Aubrfbjm\ml`rts (ZZZ , Fmv., 2854, 5)jà`fjs J-N I``,@rrmi \`s`c, bfj

E`mre`Lrbtkwbht`‘sobfjhjboy amr tk`P._. Umrij Z`bg.Zk` P._. hs fmttk`hr fbthv` omuftry, lut tk`y‘r` kbrjiy

aiy-ly-fhekt`rs.E`mre` Lrbtkwbht`,amr hfstbfo`, hsmat`f okbrhtbliy

bothv`. K`r` k`‘sbutmerbpkhfe b lbii

amr twm ymufe abfsbt b Xmutk Jrmp-HfOihfho. Bfj \mllh` kbs tkhs tm sby mf J-N‘s l`kbia>

’…K` hs b p`rgbf`ft r`shj`ft, wmrcs imfe kmurs bt b lushf`ss k`‘s `stblihskhfe,bfj hs o`rtbhfiy hft`ft mf lòmghfe b ohthz`f. K` hs gbrrh`j tm bf Bg`rhobf ehri bfj kbs

bf Bg`rhobf smf.Hf tk` pbst, gmst p`mpi` w`r` 244% hf abvmr ma khs sìòthmf tm tk` t`bg. K`

wbs bfj sthii hs tk` l`st piby`r hf tk` omuftry Smur Fbthmfbi Okbgphmf tk` ibst ? y`brsW,

kbs prmv`f khgsìa mv`r bfj mv`r bebhf. U` kbv` boo`pt`j khs ombokhfe tbi`fts, khstmurs, khs `xkhlhthmfs‚hfj``j, tk` @xòuthv` Omgghtt`` ma tk` P_ZZB kbs prmoibhg`jtk`g bii b er`bt suoo`ss. Zk`y wmuij ihc` khg tm omfthfu` tk`g amr`v`r, H suppms`. Mk

y`s, tk`y o`rtbhfiy ahfj J-N vbiubli`. Zk`y wbft tm us` khg….‗

Nboc sbys tkbt smg` a`ì tkbt ’w` f``j tk` ‛trbhfhfe‘ bebhfst wmrij omgp`ththmf. Lut, k`sbys, bt tk` thg` ma tk` Umrij‘s ht‘s b lht ibt` amr trbhfhfe, hsf‘t ht= Immc kmw w` obg` hf tk`28?4‘s bfj ‛:4‘s uft`st`j tm Umrij Okbgphmfskhp `v`fts bfj wmf mr tkr`bt`f`j tm whf tk`g.Jm`sf‘t tkhs ’t`fj tm jhsprmv` tk` tk`mry tkbt wmrij omgp`ththmf hs f``j`j tm j`vìmp b

okbgphmf=‗ Zk` bfsw`r hs mlvhmusiy Fm. Amr, ufihc` tk` piby`rs hf tk` ‛?4‘s bfj ‛:4‘s, w`kbv` fmtkhfe tm lrhfe tm tk` wmrij so`f` ihc` tk` ufhqu` amr`kbfjs ma tkms` piby`rs. Bs H‘v`

skmwf hf pbst vmiug`s, @urmp` wbsf‘t pr`pbr`j amr tk`g3 fmw w`‘r` wmàuiiy ufpr`pbr`j amr @urmp`, i`t bimf` Bshb, bfj bii tk` tòkfhqu`s tkbt kbv` pbss`j us ly amr jòbj`s.

Kbrrhsmf gbc`s tk` pmhft tkbt ’trbhfhfe‗ jm`sf‘t omfshst ma ’bii jrhv`s bfj pusk-ups.@xpmsur` tm tk` UO SUmrij OkbgphmfskhpsW htsìa hs b amrg ma trbhfhfe. Zk` btgmspk`r` hs

hfj`sorhlbliy jhaa`r`ft armg bfytkhfe tkbt w` cfmw hf tkhs omuftry.‗ Nboc, ymu skmuij emsmg`thg`, sbys \uaamrj.

Nboc bjjs tkbt mfiy ’ha w` obf auiiy pby amr tk` t`bg, tk`f bfj tk`f mfiy skmuij w`s`fj mf`.‗ @v`f bt tkbt, tk`r`‘s l`tt`r us` amr tk` gmf`y‚gmr` ombokhfe tmurs bfj sugg`r

E`mre` jmhfe khs lht bt b Xmutk Jrmp-Hf Oihfho



11

trbhfhfe bfj ombokhfe obgps.‗ Zk`s` wmuij ’amst`r mur pmt`fthbi‗ amr l`tt`r Umrij Z`bgs. Mur l`tt`r piby`rs f``j tm prbotho` guok gmr`‚tk` l`st piby`rs hf tk` wmrij prbotho` l`tw``f ?4bfj :4 kmurs b w``c. Mur l`tt`r piby`rs piby ebg`s, ’wkhok obffmt l` omfshj`r`j tru` prbotho`.‗ Bism, gbfy br` mut ma skbp`. ’Hf mtk r omuftrh`s,‗ sbys Nboc, ’omfjhthmfhfe `x`rohs`sbr` b rèuibr pbrt ma ombokhfe bfj trbhfhfe, bfj br` omfshj`r`j bs hgpmrtbft bs tk` piby htsìa.‗

Nboc `fjs ly sbyhfe tkbt wkbt w` f``j ’sm j`sp`rbtìy br` pbhj ombok`s wkm whii trbhfymufe piby`rs hf tkhs omuftry ufthi, bat`r b p`rhmj ma hsmibthmf, tk`y whii l` bli` tm kmij tk`hr mwf hf hft`rfbthmfbi omgp`ththmf.‗ Nboc l`hfe mf` ma tkms` ombok`s= Mr fmt= Uk`r` whii tk`s`cfmwi`je`bli` ombok`s omg` armg= Armg blrmbj= Ukm whii pby tk`g=

Bfj, erbft`j tk`r`‘s bfylmjy omgp`t`ft `fmuek tm skmw tk`g tk` rmbj hf tk` jhstbfo`tm abr bwby stbrjmg, wkbt hs tk` gmthvbthmf amr ymufe piby`rs tm wmrc kbrj hf tk`hr spbr` thgàrmg sokmmi, bfj amr tk`hr pbr`fts tm `fomurbe` tk`g= Ukbt hs tk`hr r`wbrj, ha fmt tm l` b

prmuj g`gl`r ma tk`hr omuftry‘s t`bg bt tk` gmst pr`sthehmus tmurfbg`ft hf tk` wmrij= Zk`r`wbrj hs surìy fmt gmf`tbry. Ma omurs`, chjs jm i`brf armg tmurfbg`ft tbli` t`ffhs tkbt, tmr`bok b j`shr`j fj, tk`y kbv` tm wmrc, kbv` tm i`brf sìa-jhsohpihf`, bfj whtk bii tk` amr`hef`rsblmut tk`y‘v` tk` bjvbftbe` ma p`rkbps lòmghfe gmr` hft`r`st`j hf jhaa`r`ft ouitur`s, vbrh`j

`tkfho lbocermufjs bfj stbthmfs hf iha`.Lut wk`f whii tk`y bfj tk`hr p``rs l` r`bjy tm `xp`rh`fo` wkbt r`bi tbli`

t`ffhs hs= Uk`f whii tk`y l` bli` tm ’kmij tk`hr mwf‗= Bfj wkbt jm`s tkbtg`bf‚’kmij tk`hr mwf‗= L` hf omft`fthmf tm whf= L` hf tk` Zmp 24= Bat`r ?y`brs trbhfhfe hf hsmibthmf hf tk` P._. mur piby`rs whii l` bli` tm ’kmij tk`hr mwf‗= Bebhfst t`bgs wkm br` pibyhfe mf` bfmtk`r omgp`ththvìy w``c bat`r w``c= Mr p`rkbps tk`y‘ii l` r`bjy bat`r 0 y`brs= Blmut tk` thg` tk`hr pbr`ftskbv` jòhj`j, ’_tmp jr`bghfe. Ht‘s thg` tm em tm omiiè`.‗ Ht‘s fmt mfiy tk`

Umrij Okbgphmfskhps mur piby`rs skmuij l` emhfe tm, ht‘s mtk`r tmurfbg`ftsblrmbj tmm. Kmij mur mwf whtkmut l`hfe wk`r` tk` bothmf hs> ht‘s blsurj.

Gbyl`, whtk xtr`g` j`jhobthmf, v`f hf khs/k`r hsmibthmf, b piby`r obf l` v`ry emmj ly

P._. stbfjbrjs, gbyl` `v`f b P._. Okbgphmf. Lut suok bf boomgpihskg`ft hs rìbthv`. U`r`Nboc tm kbv` khs wby, suok b piby`r, ha hf mur hsmibthmf w`‘r` f`v`r r`bjy tm kmij mur mwf,wmuij ihcìy f`v`r s`` b Umrij Okbgphmfskhp, `xo`pt pmsshliy mf ahig. Umuij f`v`r kbv`

emtt`f tk` ’a`ì‗ ma wkbt ht g`bfs tm l` b wmrij-oibss piby`r pibyhfe hf b pr`ssurhz`j wmrij-oibss `fvhrmfg`ft. Ma omurs` k` omuij kbv` fm _òr`t _kbr`r hgbe` ma khgsìa bs l`hfe er`bt.K` omuijf‘t cfmw wkbt er`btf`ss hs3 hf khs hsmibthmf k` omuij f`v`r r`biiy kbv` s``f ht, fmt hftk` s`fs` ma xp`rh`fohfe ht ahrst kbfj.

_@I@OZ@J FMZ@_.

*Uk`f J`r`c Ubii wbs hf Qbfomuv`r mf b ombokhfe tmur k` tbic`j whtk Tbc, amrg`riytk` Kmfe Cmfe #0 bfj ’b usàui piby`r,‗ bs J`r`c brrmebftiy j`sorhl`s khg. Tbc gbj` tk`

pmhft, sbhj J`r c (ZZZ , Fmv., 2854, 8), tkbt ’tbli` t`ffhs hs fmt bs pmpuibr hf Kmfe Cmfe bs htus`j tm l` hf tk` jbys ma tk` rull`r lbt.‗ K` brmus`j Ubii‘s ourhmshty ly g`fthmfhfe b Okhf`s` piby`r wkm‘j `sobp`j armg Okhfb ly b eruìhfe swhg bimfe tk` Obftmf _trbhts. Zkhs aìimw,Ubii wrmt`, okbfe`j khs fbg` tm Zbf Okm Ihf‚bfj wbs fmw b g`gl`r ma tk` Kmfe Cmfe

Z`bg. @v`r k`br ma khg=…Bs ht kbpp`fs, r`bj`rs ma gy Qmi. HHH br` abghihbr whtk khg (s`Òkbpt`r Zkhrty-_`v`f, :4?), bfj ibt`r w`‘ii bii i`brf gmr` blmut khg. Ly 285? tkhs Zbf whii l`hf tk` _tbt`s, whffhfe tk` 285? P._. Mp`f Jmuli`s whtk _w``rhs bfj omghfe ruff`r-up hf tk`_hfei`s tm J-N‚ mfiy tk`f k`‘ii kbv` bfmtk`r fbg`, Bi`x Zbg.



15

Okbpt`r _hx

2854> Obihamrfhb Umg`f, Mkhm G`f, Ghokhebf Nufhmrs Uhf P_MZO‘s. 2854> U``c`fj

bt Gmftgbefy.

_hfo` tk` P_ZZB @.O. kbj gbfjbt`j tkbt bii omft`fj`rs amr tk` 2852 P._. Z`bg tm Fbemyb kbj tm pbrthohpbt` bt tk` P_MZO‘s, tk`y juthauiiy obg`. Obihamrfhb (8-4)‚i`j ly GmstQbiubli` Tiby`r U`fjy Khocs (2;-4), bfj suppmrt`j ly Hr`f` Meus (21-<), Ohfjy Ommp`r (8-?), bfj Obpt. K`btk`r Bfeìhf`ttb (2?-:) wmf tk` 24-t`bg Umg`f‘s Ermup 2B. \uff`r-up=

Obfbjb (;-2)‚Qhmi`ttb F`sucbhths (<?-2), Nmyo` Kòkt (2:-1), bfj N`ffy Gbrhfcm (22-;).Zk`r` wbs bism bf ;-t`bg Ermup 2L whtk tk` amiimwhfe tmp ahfhsk`rs> 2. Zmrmftm #<,

i`j ly Xmibfj` Cufz (21-:). <. Mkhm, i`j ly Nmbff` (f`` Ebrjf`r) Thoc`tt, tk` 2804 P._.Nufhmr Ghss Okbgphmf wkm‘j l``f tbuekt tm piby ly Zylh` _mgg`r (21-0). ?-:. Aimrhjb, i`j ly L`v`riyf K`ss (25-:), bfj J`trmht #<, i`j ly Tkyiihs Q hii`tt` (8-8).

Bitkmuek vhotmrhmus, tk` Obihamrfhb wmg`f w`r` fmt tmm kbppy blmut tk` wby tk`yw`r` tr`bt`j tkhs tmurfbg`ft. Ahrst, mf _bturjby, tk`y sbt brmufj, wbht`j, wbht`j, jhjf‘t piby

armg :>?4 hf tk` bat`rfmmf thii bigmst 24>44 bt fhekt, tk`f kbj tm lèhf b th` bt 2>44 hf tk`gmrfhfe! Zkbt‘s nust ufomfsohmfbli` mf tk` pbrt ma J`trmht maahohbis. Zk`f, mf _ufjby, tk`wmg`f kbj tm piby tk`hr ahfbi wkhi` tk` g`f‘s ahfbi wbs emhfe mf. Bfj, wmrs`, tk`y kbj fm

Br`fb s`t up amr tk`g‚nust rmii`j-mv`r tbli`s amrghfe b lbrrh`r ma smrts armg tk` erbjubiiy-`gptyhfe-mut-Omlm-Kbii-ormwj mf tk` mtk`r, J-N I`` shj` ma tkhfes.

’Zk`y r`biiy hftrmjuo`j us whtk b abfabr`, jhjf‘t tk`y=‗ sbhj K`btk`r sbrobsthobiiy.’Bfj pmmr Hr`f` Stk` P._. #2W kbj tm lè amr bf ugphr`.‗ Ibt`r, Meus pi`bj`j, ’Ti`bs` jmf‘tsthoc us hf b jbrc omrf`r bfy gmr`.‗

Uhffhfe Umg`f‘s Z`bg bt 2854 P_MZO‘s

I-\> Ohfjy Ommp`r, U`fjy Khocs,

K`btk`r Bfeìhf`ttb bfj Hr`f` MeusTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf

Uhffhfe G`f‘s Z`bg bt 2854 P_MZO‘s.

I-\> Zhg M‘Ermscy, Nmkf Zbff`khii,

J-N I`` bfj Nmkf _p`fo`r




1;

H gysìa wbs `htk`r lusy omv`rhfe gbtok`s bfj/mr fmt bi`rt mr bss`rthv` `fmuek tmmrebfhz`, mr ahfj smg`mf` tm mrebfhz`, tk` wmg`f tm prmt`st, lut, bs H wrht` fmw, H‘gmutrbe`j. Zk` skmrt skrhat ehv`f tk`s` piby`rs‚tk` omuftry‘s l`st piby`rs, bt tkbt‚hs nusthfjà`fshli`. Kmw`v`r, tk` abuit ih`s pbrtiy whtk tk` wmg`f amr biimwhfe tk`gsìv`s tm l`tr`bt`j sm. Kbj tk` wmg`f prmt`st`j `f gbss` tk` sok`juihfe mf _bturjby, ràus`j tm piby

ufi`ss r`bsmfbliy boomggmjbt`j, tk`y wmuij ihcìy kbv` l``f boomrj`j smg` g`bsur` ma jhefhty mf _ufjby. Bt i`bst H‘j ihc` tm tkhfc sm. Bfj ha tk`y‘j l``f tmij tm piby mr em kmg`,tk`y bii skmuij kbv` emf` kmg`, bfj tk` @.O., j`spht` Omlm Kbii‘s bjvbftbe`s, skmuij fmtkbv` bwbrj`j bfmtk`r P_MZO‘s tm J`trmht.

_m tk` wmg`f suaa`r`j, bfj H a`ì fmw, `v`f bt suok b jhstbfo`, b s`fs` ma skbg` tkbtbs bf @.O. g`gl`r bt tk` thg` H wbsf‘t hfshst`ftiy sp`bchfe up amr tk`g.

Hf tk` Obihamrfhb-Obfbjb th`, Meus, bs `xpòt`j, l`bt Gbrhfcm bfj Kòkt, tkmuek

Nmyo`, wkm omlrb-sfbps b amr`kbfj, imst twho` bt jùo`, bfj Khocs, wkm jhjf‘t jrmp b gbtok,ebv` Qhmi`ttb k`r mfiy imss. ’Jmf‘t i`t k`r quhoc s`rv` ymu!‗ H k`brj Obpt. Nboc Kmwbrj yìi tmU`fjy. Zk` hj`b ma ombok`s fmt l`hfe biimw`j tm ombok jurhfe piby hs b rui` Nboc bfj H tkhfc wbrrbfts ohvhi jhsml`jh`fo`. Hf tkhs gbtok l`tw``f tk` wmg`f‘s mfiy ufjà`bt`j piby`rs (kbj

tk` GQT Bwbrj l``f jòhj`j mf làmr`kbfj=), U`fjy‘s tmpsphfs bfj put bwbys prmv`jst`bjh`r tkbf ?-thg` P._. Mp`f Okbgphmf Qhmi`ttb‘s mat-hgprèfbli` jà`fs`.

Zk` abot tkbt bfymf` whtk `v`f b r`gmt` okbfo` tm l` omfshj`r`j amr tk` P._. UmrijZ`bg kbj tm piby hf tk`s` Okbgphmfskhps, pius tk` prmspòt ma s``hfe gbfy emmj gbtok`s, lrmuekt hfjhvhjubi piby`rs armg e`merbpkhobi br bs wk`r` omft`fjhfe Ermup 2B t`bgs omuijfmt l` amrg`j. K`fo`, tk` omfeimg`rbt` ?rj Tibo` ’F`w Xmrc‗ t`bg ma Imfe Hsibfj‘s BihoÈr``f (20-?), Tkhibjìpkhb‘s Tbt Khij`lrbfj (2?-?), bfj Okhobem‘s Ghiih` _kbkhbf (22-0). Bfjbism tk` :tk Tibo` ’Mrèmf‗ t`bg ma Aimrhjb‘s Mieb _mit`sz (20-0), Mrèmf‘s Nujy Lmok`fsch

(20-;), bfj Z`xbs‘s Gbrhbff` _zbiby (1-20) tkbt `fj`j 0-: th`j whtk Gbryibfj, i`j ly LbrlbrbCbghfscy (2;-0), bfj Mftbrhm #2, i`j ly Gbrh` C`rr (2?-5).

Er``f imst b tmuek 28-hf-tk`-?rj gbtok tm Meus, lut k`r pbst piby bfj ròmrj k`r`,

bimfe whtk Hr`f`‘s, U`fjy‘s, bfj Omffh` _w``rhs‘s (20-:), bssur`j tk`g pibo`s mf tk` 2852P._. Umrij Z`bg, whtk Mieb bfj Nujy bs 2st bfj <fj Bit`rfbt`s. Zk`s` okmho`s kbj bism l``f lmrf` mut hf tk` j` rheuùr HZ_ rmufj rmlhf piby wk`r` tk` tmp ahfhsk`rs w`r` Khocs (;-4),

Meus (5-2), Er``f (0-?), _w``rhs (0-?), _mit`sz (:-:), bfj Lmok`fsch (?-0).

Mkhm #2 Uhfs G`f‘s Okbgphmfskhp Hf tk` G`f‘s Okbgphmfskhp, Mkhm #2‚J-N I`` (<4-4)3 Nmkf Zbff`khii (<4-2> imss tm

Oòhi Cmst)3 Zhg M‘Ermscy (24-<)3 bfj Nmkf _p`fo`r (24-<)‚jà`bt`j F.X. #:, lboc whtk tk`sbg` t`bg tkbt wmf ibst y`br‚E`mre` ’Zk` Okhà‗ Lrbtkwbht` (2;-:)3 \mry Lrbsshfetmf (2?-

?)3 Aubrfbjm \ml`rts (28-;> gmr` gbtok`s tkbf bfy mtk`r tmp piby`r)3 bfj Gmst Qbiubli`Tiby`r, tk` f`briy 0<-y`br-mij L`rfh` Luch`t (1-?). L`rfh` wbs smg`tkhfe birhekt‚khs 1-<

ròmrj hf tk` HZ_ Gbtok`s wbs mfiy sihektiy l`khfj Ei`ff Omwbf‘s 5-2 (imss mfiy tm Luch`t)bfj Zbff`khii bfj \`s`c‘s 5-< (whtk Nmkf imshfe tm Ei`ff bfj Aubrfbjm, bfj @rrmi imshfe tmEi`ff bfj Nmkf).

Zk` Mkhm #2-F.X. #: th` wbs wmf 0-< ly Mkhm #2‚J-N wmf ?, Nmkf <, bfj Zhg, wìi,

k` wbs i`bjhfe b ’v`ry thr`j-immchfe‗ \ml`rts 20-2? hf tk` ?rj, whtk ly okbfo` b kmg` tmwfJbytmf Jbhiy F`ws r`pmrt`r bs ok``rhfe spòtbtmr, lut armg tk`r` k` nust jhjf‘t kht tk` lbiikbrj `fmuek tm tbc` \mllh` jmwf. P._. #5 Luch`t amuekt b gbrvìmus, tkmuek imshfe gbtokbebhfst P._. #< Zbff`khii. L`rfh`, up 21-2< hf tk` ?rj, pibys tkr`` imfe pmhfts‚bfj Nmkf tbc`s



18

tk`g bii bfj j`s`rv`s tm. Pp 2;-21, L`rfh` tkrmws up b s`rv`, bfj‚wkbt kbpp`fs= K` ghss`sht omghfe jmwf! ’Mkkkk,‗ tk` ormwj ermbfs. Zk` fj-ebg` pmhfts kbv` b spòhbi bpp`bi, whtkNmkf bttbochfe bfj L`rfh` jà`fjhfe whtk tkbt lrmc`f-whfe`j limoc ma khs, ufthi Nmkf,omfthfuhfe tm piby sup`rliy, e`ts b ibst lbii up mftm tk` f`t bfj mv`r. Lut tkmuek L`rfh` hsahfhsk`j, tk` ormwj wmf‘t i`t khg nust up bfj i`bv`. K` hs tk`hr Qbiubli` Tiby`r. Hfj``j, Jhoc

@vbfs prmgptiy p`fs b pm`g kmfmrhfe khg whtk bf Kmg`rho biiushmf>

’Fmt quht` #2sthii gmr`,bfoh`ft eibjhbtmr.Eimry hf b piywmmj omihsùg.

_`t tk`s` shxty tbli`s amr khgBfj khs juscy lrmtk`rsNmurf`y`j k`r` armg bih`f skmr`s.

Uky br` tk`y bppibujhfe khgUkm imst tm tkbt ymufe ihmf= Fmw tk` ymufe ihmf bppibujhfe tmm.Ukhi` j``p whtkhfU` k`br tk` twbfeMa b shi`ft strhfe,Bfj b lmw wkhok l`fjs

Mfiy tm mf` gbf‘s tmuok.‗

Luch`t (I) vs. Zbff`khii - twm eibjhbtmrsTkmtm ly Lhii _okìt`gb

P_MZO Zmurfbg`ft Jhròtmr E`mre`

Lul`f omferbtuibt`s L`rfh` Luch`t,

GQT Bwbrj Uhff`r



54

’Ht‘s sm ufabhr,‗ sbhj b piby`r/spòtbtmr f`xt tm g`, ’tkbtL`rfh` wbsf‘t phoc`j amr tk` P._. Z`bg‗ Pfabhr= P._. #8 Ci`hf l`btkhg hf 0 bt tk` Fbthmfbi‘s, P._. #0 _w``rhs l`bt khg bt Erbfj \bphjs,P._. #; Lrbtkwbht`, whff`r ma tk` Imfe Hsibfj Mp`f mv`r #? \`s`c, l`bt khg hf 0 bt tk` OF@. H wbs mf` ma tkms` wkm gbj` tk` P._. Z`bg

_ìòthmf, bimfe whtk Jhoc @vbfs, \uaamrj Kbrrhsmf, Jhoc Khocs, Nboc Kmwbrj, bfj _ìòthmf Okbhrgbf Nmkf \`bj, bfj H jmf‘t tkhfc ht wbsufabhr ma us tm phoc I``, Zbff`khii, \`s`c, Lrbtkwbht`, bfj Omwbf amr tk` Z`bg (tkmuek Luch`t ghekt wìi kbv` l``f fbg`j 2st rbtk`r tkbf<fj Bit`rfbt` hf pibo` ma _w``rhs). Ukbt wbs ufabhr, Nboc Kmwbrjfmt`j‚bfj armg fmw mf, k` sbhj, ufi`ss k`‘s eubrbft``j thg` bfjtbli`s, tk` HZ_ Gbtok`s kbv` emt tm l` kìj Arhjby s`pbrbt` armg

P_MZO piby‚’wbs tm kbv` Gbrthf Hvbchtsok‘s Mftbrhm t`bg wbhtbrmufj amr mur sok`jui`j Obihamrfhb gbtok wkhi` Ei`ff Omwbfomgpi`t`j khs `xtr`gìy hgpmrtbft gbtok`s.‗ (@xtr`gìy hgpmrtbft lòbus` ufi`ss Ei ff rms` tm tk` moobshmf k` wmuij fmt kbv` l``f s iòt`j tm tk` P._. Umrij

Z`bg.) Mkhm emt tm tk` ahfbi ly whffhfe Ermup 2B mv`r ruff`r-up Obfbjb i`j ly Ibrry I``

(20-<> whtk imss`s mfiy tm J-N bfj _w``rhs, bfj b whf mv`r \`s`c). Ibrry‘s kìpaui t`bggbt`sw`r`> J`r`c Ubii (20-:), @rrmi Ob`tbfm (8-:), bfj Gmjrhs ûips (1-2).

Bitkmuek ht wbs bssug`j tkbt I`` bfj Zbff`khii omuij e`t Mkhm #2 tm tk` ahfbis, ht wbs fmtsm p`raòtiy pr`jhotbli` tkbt mv`r hf Ermup 2L F.X. #: wmuij l`bt `htk`r Obihamrfhb‚Omwbf (2;-?), Kmwbrj (2:-:), J`fhs M‘Omffìi (1-:), bfj Ubyf` Ml`rtmf` (:-0)‚mr Imebf _qubr`‚T`t`r Trbjht (20-?), N`rry Cbrluicb (21-;), I`mfbrj GoF`ò` (24-?), bfj Nhg Jbv`y (8-5).

Tibyhfe F.X., Obihamrfhb Obpt. Nboc Kmwbrj wbfts tmcfmw tk` `xbot wmrjhfe ma tk` @xp`jht` \ui`. Zkhs pr`s`fts b prmli`g ufthi wkm skmuij omg` bimfe lut tk` vhshthfe HZZA

\ui`s Okbhrgbf, @feibfj‘s Omihf Oi`g`tt. Nboc ehv`s mfiymf` hfstruothmf tm khs lihfchfe, whfchfe, tkhfchfe t`bggbtÙbyf` Ml`rtmf` bs k` em`s mut tm piby \ml`rts‚bfj tkbt hs>

Jmf‘t kht b lbii, fmt mf`. \mllh` lèhfs ly tbchfe khs thg`, ly puskhfe bfj okmpphfe bebhfst…hs ht Ml`rtmf`‘s strbfe`-brostrmc`s mr khs strbfe` spmfe` tkbt‘s omfaushfe khg= Jmwf 5-2, \mllh` gbc`s tk` jhsomv`ry tkbt k`‘s pibyhfe bebhfstrull`r. Ukhok prmgpts khg tm okbfe` khs strbtèy. K`sujj`fiy stbrts swhfehfe, bs ha tm gbc` up amr imst thg`. Bfj,

sur` `fmuek, k` obtok`s Ubyf` bfj em`s mf tm whf tk` 2st.Lut tk`f ims`s tk` <fj.

Hf tk` ?rj

, tk` F`w Xmrc`r simwiy gmv`s bk`bj. Uhtk tk`ghfut`s thochfe bwby, \mllh` pusk`s up b omupi` ma khekmf`s bfj tk` ormwj kmijs hts lr`btk. Uhii Ubyf` vhmibt` fmtmfiy khs Obptbhf‘s ibw lut tk` ibws ma khs mwf l`hfe= Uhii k`

kht mf` lbii= K` wbfts tm! K` wbfts tm! Lut, fm, ht gust l` smg` gbss kyst`rhb hf tk` t`fs`spòtbtmrs. Zk` oimoc thocs st`bjhiy mf.

Pp <4-21 gbtok pmhft, whtk gbyl` i`ss tkbf b ghfut` tm em‚mr sm ht s``gs tm khg‚ \ml`rts tkhfcs tk` sgbrt`st tkhfe tm jm hs kht b pmw`r skmt hf. Bat`r bii, k`‘s emt amur okbfo`s.

Gbrthf Hvbchtsok

Ubyf Ml`rtmf > whii k mr wmf‘t k`=Tkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



52

K` tbc`s tk`g bii. Ghss`stk`g bii. Jùo`. Bfj fmw\mllh`‘s hf trmuli`. K` kbs tk`hfsbf` susphohmf tkbt tk` lihfchfe whfchfe, thochfe

Ml`rtmf` hs emhfe tm emuftkhfchfeiy mut ma omftrmibfj whtkmut tk` sihekt`stwbrfhfe xpimj` b amr`kbfj hf._m quhociy, j`sp`rbtìy,\mllh` ibsk`s mut, e`ts b lbockbfj tkrmuek! Bfj

bfmtk`r! Zk` thochfe stmps.Bat`r khs imss tm Luch`t hf

tk` HZ_ Gbtok`s, Omwbf, wkmH c``p tkhfchfe ma bs b

gustbokhm`j, khrsut` ymufebrhstmorbt mut ma bf mij phrbt` gmvh`, kbs, whtk khs gbt`s tm suppmrt khg, lmbrj`j Obp‘f

L`rfh`‘s v`f`rbli` mij skhp, s``chfe r`v`fe`, bfj tkhs thg` whtk tkrust bat`r tkrust kbsjhsbrg`j, sulju`j, bfj‚bs L`rfh`, jmwf 25-:, spr`bjs mut khs kbfjs hf b e`stur` ma kmpì`ssf`ss‚kbs truss`j khg bwby hf okbhfs.

Bebhfst Kmwbrj, ’Zk` Okhà,‗ tkmuek immchfe gbrvìmusiy aht, s``gs nust tmm simw ma ammt, bt i`bst omgpbr`j tm _w`j`f‘s Bis`r, wkms` ebg` khs mwf rbtk`r r`s`gli`s. _hfoÈ`mre` i`ts Nboc mp`f pmhft bat`r pmhft tm jm pr`tty guok wkbt k` wbfts, ht‘s fm omft`st. Bs

amr Omwbf vs. \ml`rts, Ei`ff‘s sphfs bfj chiis br` nust tmm guok amr \mllh`. Obihamrfhb ?‚ F.X. 2.

Lrbtkwbht`‘s tmm st`bjy amr Ml`rtmf`‚bii tkbt prbotho` whtk \ml`rts. Bebhfst Luch`t,

Kmwbrj omg`s mf strmfe‚k`‘j imst tm L`rfh` hf tk`hr HZ_ gbtok. Lut L`rfh` amro`s khg hftmsm gbfy `rrmrs tkbt ht bpp`brs Nboc obf‘t piby khs ebg`, kbs hf abot imst khs ebg`. Jmwf <4-20hf tk` ?rj k` ebgìy gbc`s b ruf. E`ts tm 2;, kbs b lbii up bfj L`rfh`‘s wkmi` lbockbfj shj`

mp`f‚lut khs kbrj immp nust ghss`s. Obihamrfhb ?-F.X. ?. Zk` Okhà kbj imst tm Omwbf hf HZ_ piby, lut tkhs thg` E`mre` hs pmshthmfhfe lmtk tk`

lbii bfj khgsìa tm l`st bjvbftbe`, amrohfe Ei ff hftm rrmrs. _m whtk Lrbtkwbht` ahfhskhfe maa Omwbf, F.X. kbs omg` lboc tm whf ? strbhekt gbtok`s3 whii \mllh` gbc` ht : bfj mut= Fmp`.Kmwbrj stmps khg hf strbhekt ebg`s.

Ht‘s tk` 8tk bfj jòhjhfe gbtok. Ukm jm ymu ihc`, Luch`t mr Ml`rtmf`= _hiiy qu`sthmf.

Armg tk` lèhffhfe, L`rfh` immcs hf omftrmi. Tusk-pusk-tmp-pusk-pusk-tmp-pusk-pusk-tmp-kht._uok hs guok tk` pbtt`rf ma piby. Bs tk` <fj ebg` gmv`s tm hts hf`vhtbli` `fj, L`rfh`, bat`r b

pbrthouibriy imfe pmhft (k` whfs bii tk` imfe pmhfts), tbc`s tm okbtthfe whtk tk` spòtbtmrs. ’Ibstthg` H piby b gbtok ihc` tkhs wbs hf 28?5.‗ Bfmtk`r imfe pmhft. ’H sw`br tm Emj,‗ L`rfh` sbys,erhffhfe, tm Z`bg Obpt. Kmwbrj, wkm‘s sihfchfe aurtk`r bfj aurtk`r jmwf hf khs s`bt, ’ht wbs hf28?5. H r`g`gl`r mfiy ihtti` lht ma ht.‗

Obihamrfhb bism ims`s tm tk` Imebf _qubr` #2 t`bg. Ht wbs kmp`j tkbt Ml`rtmf` wmuij l` bli` tm okmp jmwf Cbrluicb, lut, tkmuek hf lmtk ebg`s k`‘s whffhfe bii tk` wby, N`rry bttk` `fj e`ts tkbt oibw-ihc` erhp hftm khg bfj Ubyf` obf‘t `sobp`. Fmr obf Ml`rtmf` e`t tk` l`tt`r ma Trbjht hf b rbtk`r oims` gbtok.

Nboc Kmwbrj -

mp`fhfe upTkmtm ly

Zmg Qbf Cur`r



5<

Kmwbrj jmwfs Cbrluicb‚s`rv`s skmrt,bfj bism j``p, tm tk` amr`kbfj tm ghfhghz` tk`àaòt ma tk` p`fkmij`r‘s wmmj skmts. ’Xmuobf‘t lbly tk` lbii bebhfst khg,‗ wbrfs Nboc.’Xmu‘v` emt tm c``p bppiyhfe ymur mwf sphf.‗

Mfo` Kmwbrj ahfjs tk` pbtt`rf ma immphfeCbrluicb‘s s`rv`s, k`‘s b whff`r. Bfj, ihcÒmwbf, b whff`r, tmm, mv`r Nhg Jbv`y. Ei`ff,kmw`v`r, pibyhfe N`rry amr tk` ahrst thg`, nustobf‘t kbfji` tk` nufc‚tk` s`rv`s bfj sphfs.(Bfmtk`r p`fkmij piby`r bpt tm us` wmmj, F.X.#<‘s Ihg Ghfe Okuh, imshfe mfiy tm Omwbf bfj

Trbjht, omgphi`j b amrghjbli` <?-< ròmrj.)Uk`f f`htk`r Nboc fmr Ei`ff obf

gbfbe` Trbjht, Obihamrfhb‘s b ims`r. BebhfstKmwbrj, T`t`r suoo`ssauiiy bttbocs tk` s`rv`

bfj chiis Nboc‘s tmm simw immp. Bebhfst Omwbf, k` jm`s gmr` ma tk` sbg`. Bfj tkmuek jmwf<4-28 gbtok pmhft Ei`ff cfmws xbotiy wk`r` tk` swhat-gmvhfe Zkbh hs emhfe tm s`rv`, k`,

p`rkbps wmrryhfe blmut tk` amiimw, abhis tm r`turf ht. _m whtk Trbjht whffhfe ? bfj Cbrluicb <tkbt‘s tk` th`.

Imebf _qubr`, kmw`v`r, whii ims` tm lmtk Hfjhbfb bfj F.X. Ims` tm tk` ’Kmmsh`rs‗wk`f lmtk Trbjht bfj Cbrluicb kbv` tk`hr trmuli`s whtk k`bvy okmpp`rs Jhoc Khocs bfj

Aimrhjb‘s Nm` _mcmimaa. (N`rry bism jrmpp`j bgbtok tm Mkhm #<‘s Jhoc @vbfs bfj khsfmtkhfe lbii.) Ims` tm tk` F`w Xmrc`rs bat`r

Luch`t hs r`st`j, kbs kbj b skmrt wbc`-upwbic, b i`hsurìy lr`bcabst ma kbg bfj eesbfj tkr`` lmtti`s ma Uìok‘s erbp` nuho`, bfj

kbs tmpp`j tkbt maa whtk b lbr ma lhtt`rsw``tokmomibt` bfj twm vhtbghf phiis. Armg tk`f mf,ufthi piby‘s mv`r, L`rfh` whii kbv` fmtkhfe lutwbt`r.

Luch`t‘s gbtok whtk Trbjht, bs tk`_ìòthmf Omgghtt`` hs gbchfe hts ahfbi

jòhshmf mf tk` G`f‘s Z`bg, omuijf‘t lòims`r3 k` whfs ht, <0-<?, <<-<4. Zk`f, bebhfst Cbrluicb, k` ims`s tk` 2st, <?-<2, wk`f N`rry

ehv`s khg b abst shj`sphf s`rv` bfj sgbocs hf tk` r`turf. Lut hf tk` <fj

, bat`r Cbrluicbboohj`ftbiiy jrmps bii tkms` omhfs mut ma khs pmoc`t bfj Luch`t kìps tm r`trh`v` tk`g, tk`bppibus` k` rò`hv`s wmrcs hts àaòt. K` em`s mf tm jà`bt N`rry quht` `bshiy. _tmmphfe amr tk`gmf`y bfj l`hfe bppròhbt`j amr tkbt bpp`brs tm ehv` L`rfh` b psyokmimehobi ihat.

Tmfthbo Zbc`s Nufhmr Z bg‘s

Zk` Nufhmr Z`bg‘s wbs wmf, bs `xpòt`j, ly Tmfthbo #2‚Lhii I`sf`r (25-4), Ghc`Q`hii`tt` (21-2), Nàa _gbrt (1-0), bfj Jbvhj Ci`gg (2-2)‚mv`r Thttslurek‚Jbf _``ghii`r

Ihg Ghfe Okuh, <?-<


Jhoc KhocsTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



5?

(21-2> imst mfiy tm I`sf`r), Jbffy‘s lrmtk`r \hoc (<-4), Nm` \mcmp (5-0), Lhii ^bt`c (5-5), bfjKbfc ’Okhp‗ Omuit`r (:-4) wkm, tk` l`tt`r tm prbotho` khs s`rv`s, hfe`fhmusiy omfstruot`j bfhfoihf`j `fj-tbli` lmbrj, bfj b rbgp maa ht tkbt wmuij r`turf tk` lbiis hftm b out-maa skm` lmx ly tk` s`rv`r.

Mf tk`hr wby tm tk` ahfbis, lmtk t`bgs amuekt maa s`rhmus okbii`fe`s. Jmwf ?-< tm

Mftbrhm‚Tbui Ci`vhfbs (2?-0), Xu Nhf Tbc (2?-0), Ghc` Nmvbfmv (8-;)‚Tmfthbo j`sp`rbtìyf``js Q`hii`tt`‘s gbtok whtk Ci`vhfbs. Bt 28-bii hf tk` ? rj, Tbui e`ts bf `je`, lut Ghc`, f`v`r ehvhfe up, jhv`s jmwf tm sommp tk` lbii up…bimfe tk` ihf`…wk`r` ht khts tk` shj` ma tk`tbli`=…mr tk` tmp `je`=

Ghc`, wkm hs s`rvhfe, bffmufo`s tk` somr` <4-28, khs abvmr. Hgg`jhbtìy tk` auf lèhfs! Zk` Obfbjhbfs bjbgbftiy hfshst tkbt tk` lbii kbs kht tk` shj`. Lut I`sf`r, Tmfthbo‘sObptbhf, wkm hs shtthfe hf ihf` whtk wk`r` tk` lbii kbs struoc, oibhgs tkbt tk` lbii lmufo`j ’up

bfj mut.‗ F.X.‘s Nmkf GoErbw, pibyhfe mf tk` bjnbo`ft tbli`, ber``s whtk I`sf`r (k` s``s tkhsfmt wkhi` immchfe bt khs mwf lbii hf piby lut jurhfe b lr`bc hf pmhfts=). Lut Z`bg ObptbhfE`mre` Nmvbfmv, wkm‘s Ghc` Nmvbfmv‘s abtk`r, bfj tk` mtk`r Obfbjhbfs br` ràushfe `v`f tmr`piby tk` pmhft.

Ahfbiiy, shfo` fm ugphr`‘s l``f pr`s`ft (tkmuek amr suok bf hgpmrtbft th` bs tkhs ht‘sr`biiy hf`xousbli` fmt tm kbv` kbj mf`), b guok jhsk`brt`f`j Ci`vhfbs hs amro`j tm piby tk`

pmhft mv`r (wkbt ìs` obf ymu jm=), bfj Q hii`tt` whfs ht bfj tk`f tk` gbtok. Zkbt th s tk` th` bt?-?. Bfj wk`f I`sf`r jmwfs Ci`vhfbs, bfj Nmvbfmv omuft`rs whtk b whf mv`r _gbrt, tk` th`‘ssthii th`j‚bt :-:. Zkbt lrhfes up Lhii bebhfst Xu (wkm‘s ehv`f Q`hii`tt` khs mfiy imss). Kmw`v`r,Lhii hs r`biiy ahr`j up, tk` 8tk gbtok hsf‘t oims`, bfj Tmfthbo r`gbhfs ufjà`bt`j.

Hf tk` jòhjhfe gbtok ma tk` th` l`tw``f Thttslurek bfj F`w Xmrc #2 r`pr`s`ft`j lyNmkf GoErbw (20-0), \hoc \ugli` (2?-0), bfj Nàa ^bcbrhf (:-2:), b guok hgprmv`j \mcmp

l`bt p`rkbps tk` @bst‘s l`st 2<-y`br-mij, ^bcbrhf.* Fmt`, tkmuek, tkbt ha F.X.‘s #2 Nufhmr,Ebry Bjìgbf, kbj omg` tm tkhs tmurfbg`ft (bt tk` ibst ghfut` k` obii`j hf shoc), Tmfthbowmuij kbv` ufjmult`jiy g`t F.X. #2 hf tk` ahfbi. B k`bitky Bjìgbf wmuij em mf tm jmghfbt`

tk` Jò. Imfe Hsibfj Fbssbu-_uaamic Oims`j‚whffhfe tk` G`f‘s mv`r Kufthfetmf‘s JbfEr``f, tk` Nufhmr‘s mv`r Nmkf GoErbw, bfj tk` G`f‘s Jmuli`s whtk amrg`r I.H. OkbgpUbit`r _kur, ruff`r-up hf tk` _`fhmr‘s tm _tbf Uhskfhmwsch. Fmt`, tmm, tkbt ha @rrmi Ob`tbfm

kbj mpt`j tm piby amr Mftbrhm #2, Tmfthbo ghekt fmt kbv` wmf tkhs Okbgphmfskhp. @rrmi wbs ihehliàmr tk` Nufhmrs, lut okms` tm r`pr`s`ft Obfbjb hf tk` G`f‘s wk`r` k` pmst`j b 8-: ròmrj.

F`xt jby, Thttslurek piby`j Mftbrhm #2, lut tk` Obfbjhbfs (jhsomurbe`j fmw=) maa`r`jfm omgp`ththmf. Kmw`v`r, wk`f Thttslurek tmmc mf Tmfthbo hf tk` ahfbi, nust tk` r`v`rs` wbstru`‚Thttslurek omuijf‘t omgp`t`. Zk` mfiy hft`fs` gmg`ft hf tk` wkmi` 0-2 th` omg`s wk`f_gbrt, bk`bj ma _``ghii`r 2?-5 bfj 28-2: hf tk` 2st, ims`s ht‚bfj suls`qu`ftiy tk` gbtok. Bt

tmurf`y‘s `fj, Tmfthbo‘s I`sf`r, imshfe mfiy ? ma tk` ?5 ebg`s k` piby`j, nustiy rò`hv`j tk`Gmst Qbiubli` Tiby`r Bwbrj.

_kmuij bfymf` wbft b gmg`ftm ma tkhs tmurfbg`ft, E`mre` Lul`f maa`rs tk` ’gbtokròmrjs ma bii tk` piby`rs hf bii tk` ermups‗ amr nust $2.

U``c`fj bt Gmftgbefy

I`s Auehthas‚tkbt wbs tk` ermup, tk` lbfj, tkbt piby`j kbrj bt Gmftgbefy tk` imfefhekt ma tk` pbrty. J-N I``, Lrbtkwbht`, \ml`rts, Luch`t, _okhaa, Jwìiy, tk` a`w mtk`rs armgtk` P._., tk`y w`r` tk`r`, jrhfchfe, tbichfe, jbfohfe mr fmt jbfohfe hf tk` jbrc, gmvhfe brmufjarmg pibo` tm pibo`‚ht wbs tk`hr l`bt, bgpihah`j mv`r bfj mv`r bebhf, abr armg kmg`.



5:

U` kbj ai`j tk` pr`jhotbli` emmj fhekt‘s si``p, kbj kurrh`j bwby armg tk` _tbt`s, gywha` bfj H, bfj mur twm lmys. Kbj ormss`j tk` lmrj`r hf tk` `briy kmurs ma tk` gmrfhfe bfj,mf b ebs tbfc tkbt kbj r`bj @ amr tk` ibst 20 tkr`bt-ma-l`hfe-strbfj`j ghi`s, kbj jrhat`j rmufjbfj jmwf, tkrmuek tk` liboc`st ma spbo`, hftm tkbt ghrbouimus 0 b.g. ibfjhfe strhp ma ihekt, tk`Lmui`vbrj Zbok`.

Tbst Gmftr`bi…Tbst Ru`lò Ohty…bigmst 144 ghi`s w` kbj omg`. Bfj tkhs bat`r H‘jjrhv`f tk` 2<-kmur trhp armg Imfe Hsibfj tm J`trmht amr tk` P_MZO‘s tk` w``c làmr`.’Uky wbs H jmhfe ht=‗ bsc`j Ghi`s. H‘j sp`ft Zkursjby v`fhfe whtk khg bfj Obrtibfj,

gmstiy ihst`fhfe tm tk` twm ma tk`g r`ghfhso`. Jmue kbj nust r`turf`j armg @feibfj, wbstkhfchfe ma emhfe tm tk` Lbkbgbs‚b o`rtbhf chfj ma bothmf tk`r` k` abfoh`j. Jhoc kbj tbic`jma Gbfhib imfe bem bfj b ehri fbg`j J`fhs`. Bfj \`hsgbf‚y`s, ma omurs`, khs fbg` kbj omgùp, bfj tkbt thg`‚mf` gmr` ft`rtbhfhfe, glìihsk`j, gbyl` `v`f bpmorypkbi stmry =‚k`‘j

iàt tk` P._. whtk fmtkhfe lut b tmmtklrusk bfj omg` lboc whtk <4 mr sm Kmfe Cmfe suhts.Hgpuishvìy, Jhoc kbj emf` tm tk` pkmf` bfj obii`j khg. Lut, fm, Gbrty, wk`f ymu wbft`jkhg, wbs fmt biwbys bvbhibli`‚ht wbs pbrt ma khs okbrg.

Uky wbs H jmhfe ht= Ht wbs b qu`sthmf fmt tm l` bvmhj`j. Lòbus` H cf`w sm wìi wkbt

H cf`w sm wìi hf G`rrhoc= Lòbus` tk` Tr`shj`ft ma tk` Gmftgbefy Bssmohbthmf, \bygmfjOmt`, kbj wrhtt`f tm g` tkbt k` kmp`j gbfy omgp`thtmrs wmuij omg` bfj kbv` b pi`bsbft

w``c`fj‚bfj tkbt H lìh`v`j hf tkhs chfj ma jr`bg= Lòbus` tk` p`mpi` hf Gmftgbefy wkmsm wbft`j tk`hr tmurfbg`ft tm l` spòhbi‚Gg`. Omi`tt` Jugbs bfj mtk`rs‚kbj rbhs`j b$2,444 hf prhz` gmf`y= Zk` spmfsmr wbs Gmismf l``r. H wbft`j tm kìp‚H‘j jrhfc bs guok bsH omuij.

Jhj H hgbehf` tkbt, kbvhfe swhtok`j tm tk` hfv`rt`j lbt bfj `xp`rh`fohfe tk` wmrsts`bsmf H‘j `v`r kbj shfo` H omuij piby b ihtti`, H wbs r`bjy tm amiimw tk` suf, mr gbyl` tk`

gmmf, kht tk` ’ohrouht‗‚ibst w``c J`trmht, tkhs w``c Gmftgbefy, f`xt w``c Kbghitmf,Mftbrhm=

Zru`, H prma`ss`j tm gysìa, tk`r` wbs, jmiibr amr jmiibr, fmtkhfe r`gmtìy omgpbrbli`

l`hfe maa r`j hf tk` P._. Hfj` j, kmsphtbihty bshj` (bfj hf tk` _tbt`s ht usubiiy hs put bshj`‚ ihc` okbhrs hf bf bhri`ss rmmg, vbobft bebhfst wbiis), ha mf` v`f wbft`j tm piby hf b shefhahobfttmurfbg`ft mf tk` @bst Ombst k`‘j kbv` tm wbht amr bfmtk`r y`br. Ma omurs` H cf`w mfiy tmm

wìi wkbt H p`rsmfbiiy wmuij rò`hv` hf omgp`fsbthmf amr gy `xp`fs`s. Blmut tkhs H kbj fmhiiushmfs.

Uky tk`f wbs H jmhfe ht= Uky kbj H omg` khek up tk` abo` ma tk` gbp ihc` tkhs= Ukbtjhj H `xpòt tm s``, a`ì=

Ht kbj, H jhsomv`r`j, smg`tkhfe tm jm whtk tk` Auehthas, whtk‚pmmr jbfo`r tkbt H bg‚ tk` mf-maa ihekts hf tk` ìòtrmfho fhekt, tk` _omtt Ahtze`rbij jhfhfe rmmg, tk` lbr, _omtt tk`r`,

bfj @rho bfj _biiy (’N` f` pbri` pbs Arbfobhs tr`s lh`f gbhs n` omgpr`fjs uf pù,‗ sbhj gywha` tm b aìimw armg Gmftr`bi wkm r`gbrc`j ebiibftiy tkbt, ihc` g`, k` sm ihc`j tk` smufj ma

ht), tk` p`mpi` omghfe tme`tk`r, tk` `xpbtrhbt` tw`fth`s omg` bihv` bebhf amr p`mpi` hf tk`hr ?4‘s, :4‘s, 04‘s‚g` skbrhfe tk` ihekt ma tk` fhekt‘s r`v`rl`rbthmfs whtk T`t`r Emfjb, tk` v`ryhgbe` ma gysìa tw`fty y`brs bem. H omuij fmt kbv` s``f gysìa sm hf tk` ghrrmr ma gy ihvhfermmg bt kmg`.

Bfj, bk, gy okhijr`f sbw tkhfes tmm. Zk`r` bt _t. Zkmgbs‘s Okurok _bturjby bat`rfmmfH imst b 28-hf-tk`-0tk gbtok tm Ghijb Ghibo`c. H‘j wmf tk` ahrst twm ebg`s…bfj wbs i`bjhfe20-1 hf tk` 0tk wk`f sujj`fiy H jrmpp`j `hekt hf b rmw…wkhok H jhj fmt tbc` chfjiy tm.Hgg`jhbtìy bat`r tkbt ibst ebg` H lrmc` gy hfv`rt`j lbt, mf` ma tk` twm H‘j l``f pibyhfe whtk,



50

lrmc` ht rhekt tk`r` bt tk` tbli`. Iuocy amr bii omfo`rf`j tkbt gy wha` bfj lmys w`r` bt tkbtmtk`r, emmj aìimwskhp tbli` whtk Ghijb bfj g` bt tk` pbrty‚w` tbic`j wbrgiy, ibuek`j.

X s, tk` _bt. v`fu` wbs b emmjwhii ma b pibo`, b okurok‚whtk hts lbzbbr ma b lbs`g`ft, 24 pbrththmf`j-maa tbli`s, sihpp`ry aimmr, jhg ihekthfe, stbe bfj j`sc amr tk` Zmurfbg`ft Jhr otmr, lmmtk ma b r stburbft wk r` gy 5-y br-mij wbs hfhthbiiy rìuotbft tm bsc amr b obfjy lbr hf tk`

ibfeube` k` cfmws tk` gbf l`khfj tk` omuft`r jm`sf‘t cfmw. Lut smg`mf` wbs biwbys omghfebrmufj bfj l`hfe kìpaui‚ihc` tk` aìimw H‘j f`v`r s``f làmr` wkm jìhekt`j lmtk gy lmys, gywha`, bfj g` ly tbchfe us jmwf tk` lboc stbhrs ma tk` O`ftr` Ohvhqu` Gmtì tm tk` lbs`g`ft wk`r`,surprhs`, bs ha whtk ormqu`t lbiis, w` w`r` bii hfvht`j tm lmwi

b omupi` ma ebg`s.

Bt ahrst

tk`r` btsihpp`ry _t.Zkmgbs‘s, F.X.O.‘s T`t`r

_t`pk`fs,Euybfb

Okbgp hf tk``briy ‛14‘s,fmw erbjubt`jarmg KmwbrjPfhv`rshty bfj lboc pibyhfe

bebhf, wbsf‘temhfe tm l`

p`rghtt`j tm piby hf tk` O‘s. Lut T`t`r s`t up b U`st Hfjhbf wbhi (’Ht hsf‘t abhr. Ht hsf‘t abhr. H

kbv`f‘t bfy rbfchfe‗), bfj sm Nboc Uh`f`r (Nboc, ymu immc tm l` b l`tt`r piby`r tkbf T`t`r=)wbs c`pt mut ma tk` O‘s bfj T`t`r (smg`thg`s obii`j Emrjmf) wbs biimw`j tm whf $00.

_thii, _t`pk`fs‘ ahfbi gbtok whtk tk` Qh`tfbg`s` Zrbf Qbf \` wbs r`spòtbliy strbhekt-

ebg` oims` `fmuek tkbt mf` jhjf‘t fò`ssbrhiy e`t tk` hj`b tkbt Emrjmf, bihbs T`t`r, wbs nustbfmtk`r 5?rj _t. kusti`r (tk` sbj trutk l`hfe tkbt tkms` ihtti` pmoc`ts ma jrbgb tk`r` kbv` l``f`gpth`j mut whtk tk` imss ma Jmss, _bcbh, Khrsokcmwhtz, Eushcmaa, Obrtibfj, bfj kmw gbfymtk`rs armg bf `brih`r jby).

Zk` ulhquhtmus Luch`t ma omurs` tmmc khs `briy turf mf omurt‚jrbwhfe ibuekt`r armgkhs aìimw F`w Xmrc`rs, amr k` wbs strueeihfe tkrmuek b 0-ebg` gbtok whtk oiulgbt` Jbv`

Tkhihp wkm ihc`whs` wbs kueìy fnmyhfe khgsìa. ’H obf‘t s`` fmtkhfe k`r`,‗ ibg`ft`j L`rfh`.Uhtk _t`pk`fs, Uh`f`r, Tkhihp, bfj tk`hr stbthmf wbemf auii whtk mtk`rs, obg`

Lrbtkwbht`. Q`fh, vhjh, vhoh. Mr whtk smg` suok hfobftbthmf tk`y emt E`mre`, jhzzy, up mut ma bshoc l`j bfj lrmuekt khg‚fmt tkhs thg` a`v`rhsk tm piby‚tm tkhs ihtti` tmwf ma 2?,444 Ar`fokObfbjhbfs. Zk` Okhà, lufji`j up, sghihfe ebgìy, scbt`j mut tm tk` tbli` bfj prmgptiy imsttk` ahrst twm ebg`s tm Gmftr`bi‘s \mj Xmufe. Fm wmfj`r k` wbsf‘t bt bii r`bjy amr Ob`tbfm hf

tk` ;tk‘s. (_mg` ;tk‘s gbtok, `k=)Hf bfmtk`r rmufj-ma-21, Luch`t (obii`j quht` s`rhmusiy ’Gr. Luoc`t‗ ly tk` bffmufo`r)

squhft`j, bjbpt`j `fmuek tm ìhghfbt` Emfjb. (_mg`mf` bt tk` _bt. fhekt pbrty hfvht`j L`rfh` tmstby mf b omupi` ma jbys hf Ru`lò. Omuij khs lusy sok`jui` p`rght khg tm jm tkhs= Ht omuij.)

Nboc Uh`f`rTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf

T`t`r _t`pk`fsTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



51

_ufjby hs b jhaa`r`ft chfj ma jby bt _t. Zkmgbs‘s. _m tk` piby`rs tr`c tkrmuek tk` lèhffhfe ma bf bii-jby siusky sfmw tm tk` I` Luok`rmf _pmrt O`ftr` wk`r` piby hs tm r`sug`._pmrt O`ftr`= Ht‘s ihc` bf @ics‘ j`f. Zk` pbrty omuij bs `bshiy kbv` l``f kìj k`r` ibst fhekt.Zk`r`‘s tk` imfe lbr, tk` sihpp`ry jbfo` aimmr, tk` sgbii omoctbhi tbli`s armg rhfeshj` mf lboc.LH@FQ@FP@ ZMP\FMH GMI_MF r`bjs tk` wìomghfe lbff`r.

Zkr`` tbli`s br` s`t up rbtk`r oimsìy tme`tk`r. Zk`r` br` pmc`r ihekts blmv`, b ahr`pibo`(ufiht) bt tk` lboc ma Zbli` <. Ht‘s v`ry, v`ry kmsphtbli` immchfe. Bs amr pibyhfe mut tk`r`‚ Luch`t omg`s hf, lrusk`s tk` sfmw maa, immcs bt tk` v`fu`, sbys ht‘s emmj amr mf` tbli`.

Bat`r b wkhi` L`rfh` bfj H br` obii`j tm pibyOb`tbfm bfj Emfjb hf tk` s`gh‘s ma tk` Jmuli`s. Uè`t sbaìy maa tm b i`bj, lut @rrmi bfj T`t`r tbc` maa tk`hr skm`s bfj smocs bfj obtok up. J`spht` kbvhfe tk`

bj, w` ims` tk` 2st, bfj H bg fmt kbppy. Hf tk` <fj, H‘v` nbll`j amur mr ahv` ma Ob`tbfm‘s s`rv`s maa tk` tbli`bfj w`‘r` gbtok-pmhft jmwf <4-21. Zk`f L`rfh`s`rv`s tkr`` hf b rmw tm Ob`tbfm bfj (’@\\MI!‗

skmuts Emfjb) k` obf‘t r`turf b mf`. Zk` amurtk k`r`turfs bii rhekt lut H kht hf tk` whffhfe skmt H kbv` tm.

Br` gy lmys wbtokhfe=Jùo`! Fmw Ob`tbfm hs e`tthfe r`bjy tm s`rv`

tm g` H‘g sur` tkbt sbg` s`rv` H‘v` nbll`j wbs ht kbia bjmz`f thg`s maa= H tìi L`rfh` H‘g emhfe tm kht ht. L`rfh`rbhs`s bf mlnòthmf, khs kbfjs, gbyl` stbgps khs ammt‚ tkhs hs fmt tk` wby k` pibys jmuli`s. Ob`tbfm s`rv`s, H

swhfe, kbvhfe rèr`tt`j mp`fhfe gy gmutk, omfsohmustkbt H‘g sobroìy omftrhluthfe tm pbrtf`rskhp kbrgmfy.H ghss tk` tbli` ly twm bfj b kbia a``t. Zurfs mut

Ob`tbfm‘s k`brj g` tìi L`rfh` H wbs emhfe tm kht, smkbs abc`j b okmp bfj ehv`f g` b fmtkhfe lbii. Fmw, bjjmwf, H s`rv` tm Emfjb b r`bi l`buty, smg`tkhfe

spòhbi, imts ma hfv`rt`j sphf. Ht em`s sbhihfe maa tk`tbli`. Ebg` bfj gbtok. H wbic tm tk` jmmr ma tk` G`f‘s \mmg, wk`r` H obf l` k`brj lut fmts``f. H lbfe jmwf tk` rboc`t mf tk` jmmr kbfji`. Ht lr`bcs‚tk` rboc`t, fmt tk` jmmr kbfji`.

_biiy hs aurhmus. ’B ahf` xbgpi` ymu s`t amr tk` lmys,‗ sk` sbys. ’$2< wmrtk ma rboc`ts.Zk` i`bst ymu omuij kbv` jmf` wbs ehv`f tk`g tm _omtt.‗

’H kbj tm e`t tk`g mut ma gy iha`,‗ H sby.

’Xmu‘r` b okhij,‗ sk` sbys.Ibt`r H s`` ymufe Ob`tbfm hf tk` G`f‘s \mmg. K` immcs hftm tk` wbst` lhf. ’Hs tkbt

ymur rboc`t=‗ k` bscs.Bfj immchfe jmwf bt tk` lrmc`f kbfji` bfj tk` k`bj tk`r`, H rèr`t wkbt H‘v` jmf`.Ob`tbfm gust fmw piby Luch`t‚bfj k` lèhfs ah`roìy. Zk` 2 st ebg` L`rfh`‘s fmt us`j

tm khg. Lut k` bjbpts. Ghjwby tkrmuek tk` <fj ebg` @rrmi‘s emt khs skm`s bfj smocs maa.

L`rfh`‘s limochfe smat, ormmchfe khs brg brmufj `v`ry wkhok wby. Lrbtkwbht` sghi`s, sbys,’_mg`tkhfe gust kbv` kbpp`f`j tm khs brg bs b ymutk.‗ Lut fmw Ob`tbfm obf‘t e`t tkrmuekkhg. (’Xmu gbc` suok shgpi` ghstbc`s bebhfst tkhs smat tkhfe k` kbs,‗ sbys @rrmi.) L`rfh`‘s tmmguok. Hf trmuli` rhekt armg tk` stbrt, k`‘s f`v`rtkì`ss gbj` ht tm tk` ahfbis.

L`rfh`> b si`hekt-ma-kbfj s`rv`=



55

Ob`tbfm w`ft mf tm tbc` tk` Nufhmr‘s mv`r Nboqu`s Lml`t bfj \mj Xmufe, bfj somr`jtwm ruff`r-ups hf tk` Jmuli`s‚imshfe tk` G`f‘s (whtk Emfjb) tm J-N bfj Ibrry I``, bfj tk`Ghx`j (whtk Qhmi`ttb F`sucbhths) tm J-N bfj Nmyo` Kòkt.

Mf tk` mtk`r shj` ma tk` Jrbw, J-N kbs fm trmuli` whtk Ghibo`c. Ghijb‘s lbockbfjjà`fs` hs ahf`, lut k` nust obf‘t kbfji` I``‘s lbii tm tk` amr`kbfj. J-N kbs tkr`` jhaa`r`ft chfjs

ma tmpsphf, sbys Ghijb. (2. b abst fmtkhfe3 (<. b abst mv`rsphf3 bfj (?. b simw smg`tkhfe oims` tmtk` f`t. Ghx`j tme`tk`r bs tk`y br`, k` kbsf‘t thg` tm i`brf kmw tm bjnust tm tk`g.Zk` bffmufo`j s`gh‘s gbtok l`tw``f ’Nmkf‗ (Jbi-Nmkf=) bfj Ibrry I`` whii l`

omghfe up smmf‚lut ahrst b a`w wmrjs blmut Ibrry pibyhfe Aubrfbjm \ml`rts mf Zbli` <. Bt`htk`r shj` ma tk` tbli`, bii ? tbli`s, tk`r` br` w`t rbes. Zk` piby`rs omfstbftiy r`turf tm tk`sàmr tk`hr ammthfe. \ml`rts, mf tk` okbs`, kurrh`s lboc tm tk` ahr`pibo` (ufiht) bs ha k`‘s b embih`mut ma pmshthmf mf b kmoc`y t`bg bfj‚skwmma!‚sihps mf tk` ho`. _thii, tkrmuek tk` ahrst twm

ebg`s Ibrry‘s sm thekt, \mllh` obf‘t ims` tk`g.Ha Ibrry immps, k` ghss`s3 ha k` jm`sf‘t immp, \ml`rts phocs khg bpbrt. Lut ht‘s fmt mfiy

tk` ammthfe tkbt gmr` bfj gmr` lèhfs tm lmtk`r \mllh`. Zk` ihekt-omimr j f`t li`fjs hftm tk`tbli`. Zk` lbrrh`rs br` ihf`j whtk wkht` pbp`r. Bfj wk`f Ibrry sgbrt`fs up bfj lèhfs

tmpphfe, tmpphfe, tmpphfe, fmt ghsshfe, f`v`r immphfe whijiy lut vbryhfe tk` k`hekt bfjjhstbfo` ma khs immps, c``phfe \mllh` mf tk` gmv`, f`v`r biimwhfe khg b okbfo` tm phoc-kht,

wìi, \mllh` nust obf‘t stbfj up tm tkbt, bfj ims`s tkr`` hf b rmw.Hf tk` s`gh‘s, Ibrry omg`s mf bii bahr`, hs pibyhfe

v`ry, v`ry wìi, kbs mur Fbthmfbi Okbgphmf jmwf 21-8.J-N, sghihfe, skbchfe khs k`bj, r`p`bt`jiy trh`s tm thekt`ftk` f`t. Ibrry whfs tk` 2st ebg` <2-2:. Zk` f`t omg`sjmwf bfj hs r`pibo`j ly bfmtk`r mf` tkbt immcs

blsmiutìy hj`fthobi tm g`.Zkhs, J-N tìis g`, hs khs ibst tmurfbg`ft ma tk`

y`br‚bfj ht‘s oi`br tkbt k` kbs fm hft`fthmf ma imshfe ht. K`

lèhfs stbthmfhfe khgsìa bt tk` abr iàt pmhft ma tk` tbli`,r`bjy tm tbc` v`rytkhfe whtk khs amr`kbfj. Abo`j bebhf bfjbebhf whtk tk` qu`sthmf ma wkbt tm jm blmut tkhs kufc`r`j-

jmwf ahrhfe pmshthmf, tk` mtk`r I`` kbs fm bfsw`r.Bfj fmw tk` ahfbi. Bfmtk`r f`w f`t hs put hf‚

mf` Nmkf Kuffhus lrmuekt tm Gmftgbefy 2<-20-<4y`brs bem. ’Gr. I`` hs tk` Okbgphmf amr tk` gmg`ft…‗omg`s tk` vmho` mv`r tk` imujsp`bc`r.

L`rfh` smmf ghss`s mf` maa tk` je` ma khs rboc`t,

bfj J-N obtok`s ht, smoo`r-ihc` whtk khs k`bj. Zk` ormwj,kbvhfe ermwf tkrmuek tk` bat`rfmmf tm gbyl` <04-strmfe,

ibueks. @bthfe, jrhfchfe, sgmchfe, tbichfe, tk`y‘r` kbvhfe bsguok auf bs I`` wkm, bt tk` gmg`ft kbs nust s`rv`j hftmtk` f`t. Lut, fm, tk` gbtok hs fmt tm l` bf `xkhlhthmf‚fmt`v`f wk`f tk` lbii em`s tkrmuek b kmi` hf tk` f`t. Bt ahrst,

L`rfh` tkmuekt k`‘j wmf tk` pmhft. Lut tk`f J-Nj`gmfstrbt`s, pusk`s tk` lbii whtk khs kbfj lboc tkrmuektk` kmi` hf tk` f`t tk` wby ht kbj omg`, bfj, y`s, pmhft tm I``. Bfj ma omurs` tk` gbtok, ?-4‚ tkmuek L`rfh` f`v`r stmps tryhfe, armg 28-20 jmwf hf tk` ?rj lrhfes ht tm 28-bii làmr` imshfe.

J-N I``, Gmftgbefy OkbgpTkmtm ly Gbrc N. \btf`r



5;

_m, fm gmr`gbtok`s. ’Zk` gmsthgpmrtbft pbrt ma bfytmurfbg`ft,‗ Arbfc Jwìiykbs sbhj tm g`, ’hs tk` trhp

kmg`.‗ K` g`bft tkbt,tkmuek k` wbft`j tm kbv`b emmj thg` mv`r tk`w``c`fj‚wkhok H tkhfc k` jhj, amr k` tmmc mutQhmi`ttb F`sucbhths(Umg`f‘s whff`r mv`r

J`fhs` Kuffhus bfj Nmyo`Kòkt) hf tk` ahfbi ma tk`L‘s‚k` bism wbft`j tm e`tkmg` bt b r`bsmfbli` kmur.

Mr sm H tkmuekt.Lut tk`r` bt

Gmftgbefy, H sbw Arbfc hf tkbt @ic‘s j`f, bt tk` l``r bfj ok``s` pbrty bat`r tk` tmurfbg`ft. Bfj bs tk`

sfmw wbs `v`r abiihfe, bfj H bfj gy wha` bfj okhijr`f w`r` blmut tm stbrt tk` 144 ghi`s lboc,k`, Arbfc, b auehthv` armg tk` P_MZO‘s wk`r` k` mfo` wmf tk` GQT Bwbrj, b v`t`rbf ma

UUHH bfj ?4 mr gmr` tmurfbg`ft s`bsmfs hf tk` _tbt`s, wbs st`bjhiy ràhiihfe khs eibss‚bs ha gbyl` k` tmm, ha khs sok`jui`j p`rghtt`j, kbj l``f hfvht`j tm stby hf Ru`lò amr b a`w gmr`jbys.

_@I@OZ@J FMZ@_.*Nàa ^bcbrhf‘s ymufe`r lrmtk`r, Okuoc, H ghekt bjj, wbs mf tk` whffhfe F.X. #?

Ermup J t`bg, bfj wk`f k` jhjf‘t rò`hv` b sgbii trmpky, g`jbi, mr bfytkhfe amr tk` whf, khsabtk`r, Gmrt wbs b lht put mut, bs k` wbs hf abot wk`f tmij tkbt smg` ma tk` Nufhmr gbtok`sw`r`f‘t stbrthfe ufthi 22>44 m‘oimoc _bturjby fhekt.

Botubiiy, bs @jhtmr Nms` Zmgchfs tìis us hf k`r Obfbjhbf F`ws (Gbr., 2852, ;),Obfbjb‘s ’Ihtti` Ehris‗ t`bg ma _bfjrb I`nb, Lhrutb Tiuobs, bfj _k`ryf Tms`f (gbyl` fmf` ma wkmg br` y`t hf tk`hr t``fs) w`r` sthii pibyhfe bt 2>?4 b.g. _ufjby gmrfhfe! Zk`f, bjjhfe

hfsuit tm hfnury, wk`f tk`y brrhv`j b ihtti` ibt` amr tk`hr ahrst gbtok mf _ufjby gmrfhfe whtk tk`’Lhe Ehris,‗ tk`y w`r` jàbuit`j, tkmuek tk` ’Lhe Ehris‗ w`r` fmt. _bhj Nms`, ’Cfmwhfe tkbt

tk` gbnmrhty ma tk` 14 tbli`s wmuij lòmg` `gpty jurhfe tk` jby bfj tkbt tk`y w`r` hf fmjbfe`r ma kmijhfe up tk` tmurfbg`ft, wbs `v`f kbrj`r tm swbiimw.‗

Zkmuek tk` J`trmht mrebfhzbthmf s``g`j tm iboc gbfpmw`r (bfj o`rtbhfiy ugphr`s) tmruf tkhs tmurfbg`ft sgmmtkiy, bfj tkmuek ht bpp`br`j tkbt p`rkbps ? fmt < jbys w`r` f``j`j

amr tk` àahoh`ft bfj omgamrtbli` jhspbtok ma sm gbfy gbtok`s, tk` ^bcbrhfs, bt i`bst, amufjtk`s` Okbgphmfskhps tk` gmst `xohthfe tk`y‘j `v`r l``f tm (ZZZ , Jò, 2854, 1).

Arbfc Jwìiy> trhp kmg` hgpmrtbft



58

Okbpt`r _`v`f

2854-52> Ibt` Abii/@briy Uhft`r Zmurfbg`fts. 2852> J-N I``/Tbt Khij`lrbfj Uhf

@bst`rf‘s.

Bppbr`ftiy F`w Xmrc‘s Jbv` Tkhihp bfj T`t`r _t`pk`fs sm `fnmy`j tk`hr Gmftgbefy`xp`rh`fo` tkbt tk`y obg` lboc tm Ru`lò twm w``cs ibt`r amr tk` Gmftr`bi Gbhsmffùv`Mp`f bfj wmf tk` G`f‘s Jmuli`s armg \mj Xmufe/Nboqu`s Lml`t. Hf tk` _hfei`s, Jbv` emttm tk` s`gh‘s làmr` imshfe tm Bjkbg _kbrbrb wkm tk`f tmmc tk` ahfbi armg Oibuj` Ibfjry,bjvbfo`r mv`r Xmufe hf tk` mtk`r s`gh. \mj, kmw`v`r, wbs l`st hf tk` L _hfei`s, bfj wmf tk`25‘s armg tk` P-20 Okbgp, Lml`t. Nmyo` Kòkt wbs tk` Umg`f‘s whff`r mv`r L`tty Zw``jy.Gbrhbff Jmgmfcms #2 hf tk` P-2?‘s.

G`bfwkhi`, tk` Mftbrhm piby`rs w`r` bothv`. Hf tk` Fmv. Kbghitmf Mp`f, Ibrry I``,bat`r e`tthfe ly Gmjrhs ûips, 28 hf tk` 0 tk, jmwf`j J`r`c Ubii hf strbhekt ebg`s. Hf tk`Mftbrhm Oims`j bt Jmf Ghiis, @rrmi Ob`tbfm, bat`r stmpphfe Ghijb Ghibo`c hf 0, w`ft mf tmtrmpky-trhugpk mv`r Gbrthf Hvbchtsok, jùo` hf tk` :tk. Hf G`f‘s Jmuli`s, Ubii/Hvbchtsok tmmc

tk` brih`r Kbghitmf ahfbi armg uips/Ghibo c, lut hf Jò. w`r` trmufo`j ly Ob`tbfm/LhiiOk`fe. Bt lmtk tmurfbg`fts Qhmi`ttb F`sucbhths wbs ufokbii`fe`j hf _hfei`s bfj pbhr`j whtk

Ob`tbfm tm whf tk` Ghx`j. Kmw`v`r, wk`f Qhmi`ttb pbrtf`r`j Aimrb hf Umg`f‘s Jmuli`s(tk`hr abtk`r Nmkf, fbturbiiy, c`pt kmphfe tk`y‘j lmfj tme`tk`r bs b sup`r t`bg), tk` shst`rs kbjtm em 0 bt Kbghitmf tm l`bt Kì`f _hg`ri/Gbrh` C`rr, tk`f imst hf 0 bt Jmf Ghiis tm C`rr/Nms`Zmgchfs.

Bii tk` wby up bfj jmwf tk` P._.@bst Ombst tk`r` wbsf‘t b pr`pbrbtmry tmurfbg`ftamr tk` Nbf. <<-<: Tkhibjìpkhb @bst`rf‘s. Bt tk` Nbf. < Mribfjm Uhft`r Mp`f, P._. #21 Nm`

_mcmimaa `bshiy jà`bt`j _t`v` \hem tm whf tk` G`f‘s. Hf khs 28-hf-tk`-:tk s`gh‘s, Nm`ìhghfbt`j \hokbrj GoBa`` wkm‘j omg` armg l`khfj tm l`bt \by G`reihbfm hf 0. _t`v` hf khss`gh‘s must`j _mi _okhaa, 28 hf tk` 0 tk, bat`r _mi kbj stmpp`j Gbrv Iàa hf :. Umg`f‘s w`ft tm

Mieb _mit`sz mv`r Ebyi` \me`rs wkm‘j rbiih`j armg <-2 jmwf tm l`bt L`v K`ss. _mit`sz/\hemtmmc tk` Ghx`j armg GoBa``/K`ss. G`f‘s Jmuli`s whff`rs w`r` G`reihbfm/GoBa`` mv`r _okhaa/Kmwh` Mrfst`hf.

Mtk`r r`suits> Oibss B> \hem mv`r Nmkf Ruhoc hf 0 hf tk` s`gh‘s bfj Lml Ubic`r hf : hftk` ahfbi. Oibss L> Gmrt Er``fl`re jùo`-hf-tk`-:tk mv`r L`v K`ss wkm‘j l``f l`khfj <-4tm Nàa Zkmgbs. Fmvho`> N`rry Zkrbsk`r mv`r Erè Ehfemij hf 0. _`fhmr‘s> Ubic`r hf 0 mv`r Ibszim Lìibc wkm jmwf <-2 kbj `sobp`j

Omfsmibthmf whff`r Mrfst`hf. Pfj`r 25‘s/20‘s>Nmkf Ruhoc mv`r Zkmgbs. Pfj`r 25‘s> K`ss

mv`r \me`rs.Mkhm kìj Fmv. bfj Jò.

tmurfbg`fts‚ahrst tk` Luoc`y` Mp`f btOmiuglus, tk`f, bat`r Imu \bjzìh kbj tbc`f

tk` Oi`vìbfj Oims`j, tk` E`g Ohty Mp`f btJbytmf. Bt lmtk, Nmkf Zbff`khii wmf tk`_hfei`s, ?-2, armg P._. #<< Zhg M‘Ermscy.\uff`r-up M‘Ermscy l`bt Lbrry \mst jùo` hf

Gmrt Er``fl`re



;4

tk` :tk, tk`f Jmf Iymfs jùo` hf tk` ?rj. _bfjy _oku`r somr`j b 2st hf lmtk ma tk` Ehris P-25‘s(mv`r Cbtky J`G`ft, tk`f Gbry Bff Lurjhoc), lut hf tk` Umg`f‘s sk` twho` obg` <fj ‚ahrst

tm [ubf A`reusmf, tk`f tm Nmbff` Thoc`tt. Hf tk` B‘s, Iyi` Zk`hg ahfhsk`j ruff`r-up tm \mst hfOmiuglus, tm Nmkf Kbrt hf Jbytmf. Bt tk` Luoc`y`, Brt Kmiimwby tmmc tk` _`fhmr‘s armg ObiAbkrf`y, ìhghfbthfe, ahrst, Ohfohffbth‘s @j Gmrebf (wkm ahfjs tk` Zmphos @jhtmr‘s prms` styi`

jàhoh`ft lut prbhs`s tk` gbebzhf` amr l`hfe ’BIHQ@‗).Zk` Hfjhbfbpmihs Hfjhbfb Mp`f ebv` spòtbtmrs b F`w X`br‘s w``c`fj tr`bt, amr, bs

Bibf Emijst`hf wrht`s (ZZZ , Nbf.-A`l., 2852, 23:), ht‘s tk` ahrst thg` Nmkf Zbff`khii bfj T`t`r Trbjht kbj piby`j `bok mtk`r hf b gbtok. Zk`hr ahfbi, wmf 25, <2, 2; ly Trbjht, a`btur`j T`t`r ’oruskhfe amr`kbfjs‗ bfj Nmkf kbvhfe ’trmuli` whtk Trbjht‘s s`rv`s‗ bfj ’gbchfe imts ma ihtti``rrmrs.‗ Bibf sp`bcs ma kmw ’abst‗ T`t`r hs, kmw k` obf ’omuft`r-orboc‗ khs amr`kbfj, bfj

’bfei` tk` lbii sm wìi.‗Mtk`r r`suits> Umg`f‘s> N`bf Qbrc`r mv`r

Biho Zs . G`f‘s Jmuli`s> Trbjht/Nhg Jbv`y mv`r Zbff`khii/Kmg`r Lrmwf. Ghx`j Jmuli`s> Trbjht/ Fmrgb Khocs mv r Zbff`khii/Qbrc`r. B‘s> Emijst hf hftk` s`gh‘s mv`r Lhii Kmje` bfj hf tk` ahfbi mv`r

Lrmwf. (Lhii w`ft 0 ebg`s whtk \hokbrj Khocs hf tk`G`f‘s, wkhi` Kmg`r wbs jmwfhfe Jbv`y hf 0 bfjNmkf Z`gpi wbs ups`tthfe Nhg Ibzbrus.) L‘s> Nàa Ar`fok mv`r Brt Ah`l`re. _`fhmr‘s> KbrryJ`sokbgps, wkm hf tk` G`f‘s kbj tm em 0 tm cfmoc mut Nmkf Z`gpi`, mv`r Arbfc Zkbrbijsmf.

’Amr tk` sòmfj y`br hf b rmw,‗ Nàa _gbrt

tìis us (ZZZ , Nbf.-A`l., 2852, 23:), tk` O`ftrbiMp`f wbs kìj ly Jìi _w``rhs bt Obivhf Omiiè`f`br Erbfj \bphjs. Zk` omfjhthmfs tk`r`,‗ sbys Nàa, ’br` bs emmj bs bfywk`r`‚aiumr`so`ftihekthfe, wmmj`f aimmrs, bfj imts ma spbo`.‗ Zk` ; G`f‘s _hfei`s survhvmrs w`r` jhvhj`j hftmtwm rmufj rmlhf ermups. Mf` kbj T`t`r Trbjht, Nhg Jbv`y, Hgbfts Cbrcihs, bfj Zhg M‘Ermscy

wkm‘j jmwf`j Lhii I`sf`r, 28 hf tk` 0 tk hf tk` ;tk‘s, bat`r Lhii kbj ‟2?, 28, -20, <2, 28 prmv`joims`-ebg` strmfe bebhfst N`rry Cbrluicb. Zk` mtk`r kbj Jìi _w``rhs, Nhg Ibzbrus, BibfEmijst`hf, bfj L`rfh` Luch`t wkm‘j ìhghfbt`j _gbrt, bat`r Nàa kbj mutibst`j Ibrry Okhsmig hf 0.

Imu \bjzìh Cbtky J`G`ft Iyi` Zkh`g Brt Kmiimwby

Tkmtm ly

Lhii _okìt`gb

N`bf Qbrc`r, Hfjhbfb Mp`f Umg`f‘s Uhff`r




;2

Hf tk` mf` lrboc`t, Trbjht gmv`j tm tk` ahfbi bf `bsy ?-4 whff`r. Hf tk` mtk`r, tk`r`wbs bf hfohj`ft hfvmivhfe Luch`t. Bt 25-bii hf khs 2st ebg` whtk P._. #2: Ibzbrus, Nhg r`turf`jb lbii tkbt tk` ugphr` omuijf‘t tìi kht tk` `je` mr tk` shj`. ’Zk`f bf mutshj` piby`r, wkm kbjfm pibo` hf tk` jhsousshmf, obus`j fmuek trmuli` tm tkmrmuekiy jhsrupt L`rfh`.‗ Bat`r tkùgphr` kbj tk` piby`rs r`piby tk` pmhft, Luch`t imst tk` ebg` bt jùo`, bfj fmw, bs k`‘j

smg`thg`s jmf` hf tk` pbst, hf b aht ma phqu`, k` quht‚mr, hf tkhs pbrthouibr obs`, biimw`jkhgsìa tm l` l`bt`f <2-0, <2-?. Ibt`r, kmw`v`r, bebhfst Jìi wkm kbjf‘t jrmpp`j b ebg` tmNhg mr Bibf, L`rfh` wbs lboc tryhfe, bfj rbiih`j armg<-2 jmwf tm 24, 2? tbc` tk` gbtok whtk `bs . _bysNàa, ’Bat`r s``hfe kmw L`rfh` obf piby wk`f k` wbftstm, mf` wmfj`rs kmw bfymf` omuij i`bv` khg maa tk`wmrij t`bg!‗ Jìi, tkmuek, omuij l` iàt maa= K` ims`s

tm T`t`r, ?-zhp.Hf tk` Umg`f‘s s`ghahfbi rmufj rmlhf, Ghiih`

_kbkhbf piby`j bfj imst tm Omffh` _w``rhs, lut (bfjk`r r`bsmf wbs…=) jàbuit`j tm Nbfho` Gbrthf bfj

_u` Khij`lrbfjt. _bg Q`hii`tt`‘s stuj`ft _u`, Nàa sbys, kbs ’hgprmv`j omfshj`rbliy bat`r kbvhfe

Chghym Gbtsuzbch Curhgmtm stby whtk k`r jurhfeBueust bfj pbrts ma _`pt`gl`r bfj Motml`r.(T`rkbps tk`r` wbs smg` r`ghfhsohfe mf Chghym‘s pbrt rèbrjhfe k`r 2812 Umrij Ghx`j Jmuli`sgbtok`s whtk Mehgurb= K`r`‘s b nugp hftm tk` pbst>tkbt‘s smg` ebg`-pmhft-jmwf omuft`r Meh‘s gbchfe

bebhfst Okubfe Zs`-tufe/Okhu Okufe-kuh). _u` wmftk` Ehris 25 armg Cbtky _okìt`gb, lut w`ft jmwf hf b 21-hf-tk`-0 tk Umg`f‘s gbtok tm Nbfho`wkm wbs ’nust lboc bat`r gmftks ma ròmv`ry armg cf`` sure`ry.‗ Omffh` wbsf‘t pr`ssur`j ly

_u`, lut kbj tm em 0 tm l`bt Nbfho`.

2812> Umrij Ghx`j Jmuli`s Okbgps> Chghym bfj Meh

_u` Khij`lrbfjtTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



;<

Zk` Ghx`j Jmuli`s w`ft tm Omffh` bfj Jìimv`r Trbjht/Khij`lrbfjt3 tk` G`f‘s Jmuli`s tm L`rfh`bfj Jìi mv`r Trbjht/E`rbijhf` Cbrluicb. Hf tk` piby-tm-04 Kbfjhobp v`ft, Nhg Imk`r s``g`j b sur` whff`r bat`r l`sthfe Ghc` Q`hii`tt` 04-:; bfj tk`f i`bjhfe

Gburho` Kuft`r :8-::, lut Gburho` obuekt khg bfj0:-0< tmmc tk` $50 2st prhz`.Zk` Lmys Pfj`r 25 sbw hf tk` mf` s`gh‘s Lhii

I`sf`r ìhghfbt` khs arh`fj _gbrt bat`r bf 2;, 2;, 28 lbtti` ma ’kbrj omuft`rs, imls, okmps, bfj chiis,‗ bfj hftk` mtk`r Ghc` Q`hii`tt` stmp Ebry Ehil`rt hf :. Zkmuek’Ghc` kbj l`bt`f Lhii tk` ibst 2< mut ma 2? ebg`s tkbt

tk`y‘j piby`j hf w``c-fhekt gbtok`s,‗ bfj kbj <2-22wmf tk` 2st ebg` ma tk`hr ahfbi k`r`, Lhiiw`ft mf tm 20, <2, 25 tbc` tk` thti`. Hf tk`Lmys‘ Pfj`r 20 ahfbi, Ghc`, ’jhseust`j bt

kbvhfe nust imst tm I`sf`r hf tk` Nufhmr‘s,trh`j tm ehv` Jbi` S_okìt`gbW tk` gbtok.‗

Lut jmwf <-4, Ghc` emt ’b iòtur` armgkhs jbj‗ tkbt r`suit`j hf b turfbrmufj whf.Bfmtk`r _bg Q`hii`tt` stuj`ft, Nàa Nbrvìb, wmf lmtk tk` P-20 B‘s bfj tk`2?‘s armg Zhg _gbrt. Hf tk` f`w P-22`v`ft, Lrhbf Q`hii`tt` jmwf`j khs lrmtk`r

_t`v`.Bii w`ft guok bs `xpòt`j bt tk` Hiihfmhs

Oims`j, piby`j mf tk` Nbf. <<-<? w``c`fj

ma tk` @bst`rf‘s bt tk` Imebf _qubr` Oiul.Trbjht wmf tk` G`f‘s mv`r Cbrluicb. Lut N`rry‘s wha` tmmc tk` Umg`f‘s armg Jmrhs G`roz.Trbjht/Cbrluicb obg` 2st hf Jmuli`s3 Jbv`y/I`mfbrj GoF`ò` w`r` ruff`r-ups. Hf tk` B‘s,

Nufhmr Okbgp Okbf l`bt Jbv`y. L‘s w`ft tm Hgbfts Cbrcihs mv`r Zmg Go@vmy. O‘s tmGo@vmy mv`r Okbf hf 0.

Ghff`bpmihs kìj tk`hr bffubi Zwhf Ohty Mp`f, Jò. 2<-2? bfj, bs Jmue Gbjbyr`pmrts (ZZZ , Nbf.-A`l., 2852. 21), tk` Gbemm Oiul‘s eu`st tkhs y`br wbs L`rfh` Luch`t, bfjwky, li`ss khg, k` omuij stby amr b wkmi` w``c>

’…Uk`f tkhs f`ws i`bc`j mut, L`rfh` wbs swbgp`j whtk r`qu`sts amr hfjhvhjubi i`ssmfs. Ht turf`j mut tkbt k` wbs lmmc`j armg mp`fhfe thg` tm oimshfe thg`

`v`ry fhekt….Jurhfe tkhs w``c mur oiul lushf`ss phoc`j up bfj w` jr`w gbfy f`w p`mpi` tm tk` oiul….L`rfh` jhj b er`bt nml hf Ghff`smtb bfj w` br` bfxhmusiy bwbhthfekhs r`turf.‗

Hf tk` G`f‘s ahfbi-amur rmufj rmlhf, \by Gmshm, wkm whtk khs ’kbrj khts bfj sgmmtkjà`fs`‗ kbj `brih`r must`j #? s``j Okbrih` Jhsf`y, obf‘t whf bebhf3 bfj Jmue, tkmuek k` libsts hf twm chii rs tm 2-2 `v`f khs gbtok whtk L`rfh`, jm`sf‘t quht kbv` mur amrg`r FbthmfbiOkbgphmf wmrchfe khgsìa hftm bf bibrghfe Gbyjby! Gbyjby! Zk` ahfbi tk`f hs l`tw``f

Gburho` Kuft`rTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf

Ghc` jhjf‘t piby Jbi`

whtk tkhs rboc`t, jhj

k`=...X`bk, m.c., lut tkbt‘s

wk`r` khs k`bj wbs.Tkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



;?

L`rfh` bfj tk` ufjà`bt`j Bibf Emijst`hf. Bibf ’hs bli` tm r`turf b ghiihmf lbiis, lut wk`f`v`r k` gbc`s b er`bt r`turf, L`rfh` nust pusk`s, bsy ihc`, bfj wbhts amr bf `bsh`r lbii tm chii.‗

_urprhs` hf tk` rmufj rmlhf Jmuli`s> L`rfh` bfj Bibf, kbvhfe l``f ups`t ly Gmshm bfjK`fry Cibbs, `fj up hf b th` whtk Gbjby bfj Ubyf` \hokt`r. L`rfh`, thr`j, wbfts tm aihp b omhf

tm jòhj` wkm whfs, lut tk`y piby bfj L`rfh` bfj Bibf pr`vbhi. Mtk`r r`suits> Umg`f‘s> Nbf`tNbghsmf mv`r Omffh` Jhsf`y. Ghx`j Jmuli`s> Okbrih`/Omffh` mv`r Lml K`fz`/Nm Bff Kmiihfe.Oibss B> Motbvhm Thffìi, Nr. mv`r Okuoc Zurokhoc. Motbvhm bism wmf tk` Nufhmr‘s. Oibss L>Gyim Ubtt`famrj mv`r Jmf GoJmfbij. Oibss O> \hok _hfychf mv`r Tkhihp Thffìi.

Zk` Mgbkb ZZB (hts gmr` tkbf :4 g`gl`rs g``t twho` b w``c bt tk` L`fsmf

Omggufhty O`ft`r) kmst`j lmtk tk` Mgbkb @briy Lhrj Mp`f bfj tk` Jò. 2< Mgbkb OhtyMp`f. Zk` ulhquhtmus Trbjht turf`j up bt tk` @briy Lhrj, lut biimw`j twm aìimw Okhobembfstm ahekt ht mut hf tk` _hfei`s‚whtk P._. #:4 I`mfbrj GoF`ò` e`tthfe tk` l`tt`r ma P._. #?:Nhg Jbv`y hf 0. (GoF`ò` bism ahfhsk`j 2st, amiimw`j ly Lruo` Boc`rgbf bfj Lml Ebt`s, hf2854 Hiihfmhs Zbli` Z`ffhs Ibjj`r piby.) Hf tk` Jmuli`s, T`t`r pbhr`j whtk Omfsmibthmf whff`r Z`j Lbss`tt (k`‘j <;-<1-hf-tk`-?rj mutibst`j Zmp`cb‘s Ghc` Uhismf)‚bfj hf tk` ahfbi tk`yamro`j Jbv`y/GoF`ò` hftm tk` ?rj. Hf tk` Ghx`j, Nhg pbrtf`r`j Umg`f‘s Okbgp Jhbfb

Gy`rs tm b quhoc whf mv`r Th`ro` Imebf bfj Jhbfb‘s gmtk`r, Lbrlbrb Gy`rs, wkm wbsjhsbppmhft`j tkbt tk` 2852 P._. Mp`f wbsf‘t maa`rhfe b Umg`f‘s Mv`r :4 `v`ft.

Mut-ma-tmwf`rs omghfe tm tk` Mgbkb Ohty Mp`f lrbv`j ho`-omv`r`j rmbjs, lut tk`kbzbrjmus omfjhthmfs bppbr`ftiy tmuek`f`j Ubrr`fslure, Ghssmurh‘s Kbrry _bfjf`r, amr, bat`r

rbiiyhfe whtk 0-ebg` whfs mv`r 20-y`br-mij Gbrc Ubisk bfj _`fhmr Okbgp _t`v` ’Amx‗Aibfslure, k` jmwf`j Okbgpbc ’Okbgp‗ Fbrmtbg tm tbc` tk` thti`. Zkhrt``f y`brs ibt`r,

Okbgp‘s smf Jkhr`f whii l` tk` P._. Lmys Pfj`r 2? Okbgp. _bfjf`r bism wmf lmtkJmuli`s‚tk` G`f‘s whtk _omtt Erbatmf armg tk` abtk`r/smf Ubisk`s, bfj tk` Ghx`j whtkUmg`f‘s whff`r Jhbfb Gy`rs. Pfj`r 20 whff`r Gurrby Cuti`r bism tmmc tk` 2?‘s armg _omttHokcmaa, smf ma Jhoc bfj P_ZZB Kbii ma Abg`r Tèey Hokcmaa.

Obihamrfhb lmbst`j <2 P_ZZB Baahihbt`j Oiuls, mf` ma wkhok, bt Oup`rthfm, r`pmrt`jb nust-làmr`-Zkbfcsehvhfe tmurfbg`ft. Jbrryi Aibff wmf tk` G`f‘s armg Nàa Gbsmf3

Motbvhm

Thffìi, Nr.

\hok

_hfychf



;:

Trhsohiib Tbrc`r tk` Umg`f‘s armg Xurhcm Chrly.Kmiiywmmj emsshp kbs ht tkbt ’Trhsohiib hs kbpphiy prèey,‗ bfj tkbt kuslbfj Lml ’hs kmphfe amr b smfwkm obf v`ftubiiy ary tk` tboms hf khs tkrhvhfe ammjskmpp`.‗ G`f‘s Jmuli`s w`ft tm Gbsmf/E`mre`

Gbcc mv`r \uss Zkmgpsmf/Tbrc`r3 Ghx`j tm Nhg Fbhc/Khij` Lrbuthebf mv`r Zkmgpsmf/Tbrc`r. B‘s>\bgmf A`rfbfj`z mv`r Zkmgpsmf. L‘s> Pfj`r 25Okbgp \hokbrj Z`rry mv`r O whff`r Gmkbgg`jBekhih. B Jmuli`s> Zkmgpsmf/Tbrc`r mv`r LJmuli`s whff`rs Z`rry/\ml`rt Zmrr`s. _`fhmr‘s>Zkmgpsmf mv`r _bg Ihgb.

Umw, tbic blmut C`bts‘s ghstbchfe Omrt`z amr Lbilmb mf vh`whfe tk` Tbohaho hf tkbtahrst abgmus pm`g ma khs, mf` kbs tm tbc` bfmtk`r immc tm s`` ha mf`‘s immchfe omrròtiy bt tk`r`suits ma tk` Nbf. _bf Jhèm Lbilmb Mp`f. Lut, y`s, tk`r` ufghstbcbliy hs @rwhf Ci`hf, Ei`ffOmwbf, bfj Jbrryi Aibff bii imshfe tm G`f‘s whff`r J`fhs M‘Omffìi. (X`p, ht‘s lèhffhfe tm

l` bppbr`ft tkbt, bs J`fhs tmij g` hf bf `-gbhi bigmst b qubrt`r ma b o`ftury ibt`r, k` jhj m.c.amr b euy wkm ’kbj fm ammtwmrc wkbtsm`v`r bfj f`v`r kbj bfy ombokhfe.‗ Khs whf mv`r Ci`hf

wbs pbrthouibriy sbthsayhfe, amr J`fhs omfshj`r`j @rwhf ’b pbsshv`-beer`sshv` prhoc.‗) Fmmp`f-gmutk bstmfhskg`ft, tkmuek, tkbt hf tk` G`f‘s Jmuli`s Omwbf/Gbrc Bjìgbf jà`btKmwh` Ermssgbf/\by Euhii`f, ?-4. Mr tkbt U`fjy Khocs tbc`s tk` Umg`f‘s hf : armgBfeìhtb \msbi.

_mg` mtk`r r`suits> _`fhmr‘s> \uss Zkmgpsmf mv`r Nhg U`st. Pfj`r 25‘s> Tbui \bpkìmv`r Euhii`f. Pfj`r 20‘s> Zkmg mv`r \bpkì, -<<, 2;, 28, <4. Oibss B> \bpkì mv`r okmpp`r

^bc Kbi``g. Oibss L> Lhii Eu`rhf mv`r @rho Zkmg. Oibss O> \by Gboc mv`r Zkmg. Gboc bjghr`j Kbi``g‘s l`buthaui jà`fshv` strmc`s bfj khs lbockbfj phoc, lut sbhj wk`f k`’suaa`r j armg f`tbfj`je`hths‗ k` omuij l` bf bfery @eypthbf. \by vh`w`j Zkmg bs ’b kueìy

tbi`ft`j, bfj kueìy s`fshthv`, nufhmr piby`r. Hf t`rgs ma sk``r pmw`r bfj sphf, k` wbs b prmtmtyp` ma tmjby‘s piby`rs wkm omuft`r-immp`j mtk`r p`mpi`‘s immps.‗ Lut Zkmg kbj bfe`r gbfbe`g`ft prmli`gs tmm‚k` ’wmuij lr`bc bt i`bst b pbjji` b gmftk, mr w``c.‗ \by sbhj

tkbt wbtokhfe Kbi``g bfj Zkmg piby b gbtok wbs ’b kue` tkrhii, wbhthfe amr tk` fuoi`br ahsshmf tm `xpimj`.‗ Hf abot, k` sbhj, ’H‘g fmt sur` w` `v`r sbw tkms` twm omgpi`t` b gbtok._uok b skbg`.‗

Trhsohiib Tbrc`r>

Oup`rthfm OkbgpTkmtm ly

Gbi Bfj`rsmf

@rho Zkmg (I) bfj ^bc Kbi``g> bf `xpimshmf l`tw``f tk` twm hs sur` tm omg`Tkmtms ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



;0

Zk` Fmrtkw`st kìj hts Oims`j btTmrtibfj, Fmv. 28-<2. Nàa Curtz tmmc tk`G`f‘s armg Tbc Ibg3 Nujy Lmok`fsch(whtkmut bfy wmg`f tm l`bt=) tk` Oibss B‘sarmg Tmrtibfj Gusùg Brt _okmmi brthst/

t`bok`r Nboc GoIbrty. Oibss L‘s w`ft tmNboc‘s 21-y`br-mij smf, Okbri`s, mv`r JbvhjGoIbhf hf 0. Zk` Fmrtkw`st hs pr`tty lhe‚sm nust ? v`fts hf tkhs Oims`j=

Curtz kbs lòmg` tk` @jhtmr ma tk` Fmrtkw`st ’Z.Z. F`wsi`tt`r‗ tkbt‘sjhstrhlut j ar`` tm tk` br`b oiuls. ’Ht r`pibo`s

tk` Tbohaho Fmrtkw`st Zbli` Z`ffhs Zhg`s

wkhok w`ft jàufot lòbus` tk`r` w`r` tmma`w sulsorhl`rs.‗ Nàa sbys tkbt ’tk` @ue`f`rbthfe syst`g, wkhok H kbv` us`j tm rbfc

Fmrtkw`st piby`rs amr tk` ibst < y`brs,‗ hs, mftk` wkmi`, ’quht` jhaa`r`ft armg Kmwbrj‘s

rbthfe syst`g.‗

J-N I``/Tbt Khij`lrbfj Uhf @bst`rf‘s

Ukbt‘s tkbt=…_mg` piby`rs ghsshfe bt tk`Tkhibjìpkhb @bst`rf‘s tmm= Tmst-j`bjihf` ihl`rty-lìiobiis lboc bfj amrtk l`tw``f Zmurfbg`ft Jhròtmr

K`rl Qhokfhf bfj \bfchfe Okbhr Nmkf \`bj whtkrèbrj tm Trbjht bfj Zbff`khii r`suit hf b X`s, tk`yobf `ft`r, tkmuek ht g`bfs r`jmhfe tk` s``jhfes. Mfiy

omg`s fmw b r`qu`st amr `xp`fs`s. Uk`f tkhs hsj`fh`j, Trbjht sbys, Amre`t ht. Lut Zbff`khii‘s r`piy hs,Mk, m.c., jm`s gmf`y r`biiy gbtt`r, H‘ii omg`. _m

tk`y s``j Nmkf #< l`khfj J-N. Lut Nmkf jm`sf‘t e`ttm tk` ahfbi. Hf abot, k` f`v`r e`ts tm Tkhibjìpkhb.

Bfj tk` Umg`f‘s! Biho` Er``f `ft`rs lutjm`sf‘t skmw. Fmr jm`s Gbrhbff` _zbiby. Fmr J`fhs` Kuffhus, bfj L`tty Zw``jy armg Obfbjb.Bfj Omffh` _w``rhs‚sk` jm`sf‘t boomgpbfy

kuslbfj Jìi k`r`. Jhoc Ghi`s, wkm wbsf‘t bt tk`tmurfbg`ft `htk`r, rò`ftiy suee`st`j tm g` tkbt

fmlmjy muekt tm skmw up bfypibo` `v`r bebhf ufthispmfsmrs stbrt putthfe up smg` gmf`y. B omgg`fttkbt‘ii prmv` quht` hrmfho ahv` y`brs ibt`r wk`f

Qhokfhf bfj Ghi`s ruf tk` Tkhibjìpkhb P._. Mp`f bfj, lòbus` ma tmm ihtti` prhz` gmf`y whii

ahfj smg` tmp piby`rs fmt mfiy ràushfe tm piby lut phoc`thfe tk` v`fu`. Bs amr tkhs ‘52@bst`rf‘s, E`mre` Lrbtkwbht` bfj Aubrfbjm \ml`rts tkhfc tkbt s``jhfes skmuij l` jìby`jufthi ht‘s oi`br tkbt tkms` ufj`r omfshj`rbthmf kbv` botubiiy brrhv`j bt tk` tmurfbg`ft3 bism,tk`y suee`st tkbt tkms` i`ss schiiaui skmuij piby `briy-rmufj prìhghfbry gbtok`s.

Nàa Curtz, 2854 Fmrtkw`st Oims`j Okbgp



;1

Zk` l`tt`r piby`rs s``g tm l` gmr` mutspmc`f, gmr` orhthobi tk`s` jbys. Lut tk`Tkhibjìpkhb mrebfhz rs, tkmuek skmrt-stbaa j, kbj khek kmp`s bfj wmrc`j kbrj tm pi`bs` tk`g.Zk`r` wmuij l` tv omv`rbe`, bfj whs` mij L`f Arbfcihf khgsìa, w`r` k` bli` tm, wmuij prmvhj` hf b ihektfhfe aibsk tk` kufjr`js ma jmiibrs f``j`j tm kmij tk` 2;-tbli , thg`-sok`jui`jgbtok`s hf tk` fho` eyg rbtk`r tkbf hf tk` fmt sm fho` mf`. Lut tk`f, bt tk` ibst ghfut`, tk` tv

j`bi omuijf‘t l` omfsuggbt`j, bfj, tkmuek piby jhj tbc` pibo` mf tk` fho`r aimmr, ht wbs smmfihtt`r`j whtk Xmm-Kmm obfs.Ukhok, abhriy mr fmt, biimws g` tm sèu` hftm Nàa _gbrt‘s omv`rbe` ma tk` Nufhmr piby.

Hf tk` gmst surprhshfe Lmys P-25 qubrt`r‘s, Jbffy _``ghii`r, pibyhfe Ghc` Q`hii`tt`, hs up 2-4bfj 8-2 hf tk` <fj, lut ims`s hf ?. Zk`f ht‘s Ghc`‘s turf tm l` up 2-4 bfj ims`‚tm Zmrmftm‘s@rrmi Ob`tbfm. G`bfwkhi`, hf khs qubrt`r‘s, Lhii I`sf`r, up 20-24, tk`f jmwf 28-21, jrmps tk`2st tm Obfbjb‘s \mj Xmufe3 tk`f, i`bjhfe <4-21 hf tk` < fj, bebhf abit`rs làmr` ahfbiiy whffhfe

bt jùo`, bfj emhfe mf tm tbc` tk` ?rj. Gmr` trmuli` amr I`sf`r bebhfst Lhii ^bt`c. Lut bat`r spihtthfe 28 ebg`s, I`sf`r‘s ’kbrj sgbsk`s bfj gmr` omfshst`ft omuft`rs‗ biimw khg tmbjvbfo` tm g``t Ob`tbfm.

Làmr` pibyhfe tk` ahfbi, I`sf`r jhsomv`rs k`‘s emt b spiht pbjji` bfj kbs tm rìy mf b

lboc-up. Uhtk f`htk`r lmy bt khs l st, I`sf`r i`bjs <4-28 hf tk` ?rj

‚bt wkhok pmhft ’Ob`tbfmomhis up b s`rv` bfj vhohmusiy…s`rv`s maa!‗ Lhii sbys ibt`r tkbt hf tk` ibst gmg`fts ma tk`

gbtok k`‘j l``f tkhfchfe ma b thg` wk`f k`‘j l``f jmwf 28-<4 tm b piby`r bfj s`rv`j maa.Bfj tk`f, tbchfe skbp` hf khs ghfj, bs ha l`bg`j tk`r` armg b omggufhobthv` smg`tkhfe hf tk`spbo`-thg` omfthfuug, omg`s v`ry oi`br tk` tkmuekt, ’K`y, H‘ii l`t @rrmi s`rv`s tkhs mf` maa!‗U`hrj, kuk=

_mg` `xohthfe Nufhmr Jmuli`s piby‚bs whtf`ss Okuoc ^bcbrhf‘s wrht`-up pmshthmf`jk`r`. _trbfe`, tkmuek, tkbt f`htk`r I`sf`r/_gbrt, Fbthmfbi Nufhmr ahfbihsts ibst y`br, fmr

_``ghii`r/^bt`c, Fbthmfbi P-20 Okbgps, w`r` s``j`j. Hf tk` mf` s`gh‘s, Lhii bfj Nàa wmfjùo` hf tk` ?rj mv`r Nmkf GoErbw/_t`v` Umia bat`r l`hfe jmwf 28-21. Hf tk` mtk`r, Jbffy

Tkmtm ly

Gbi Bfj`rsmf



;5

bfj Lhii stmpp`j ’tk` v`ry omimraui #2 s``j`j t`bg ma @rrmi Ob`tbfm bfj 8-y`br-mij _omttLmeebf.‗ Zurfs mut ’@rrmi bfj _omtt kbj l`bt`f Ru`lò‘s \mj Xmufe bfj Nboqu`s Lml`t hf bwhij <1-<: hf tk` tkhrj SgbtokW‗‚tkhs, bat`r _omtt‘s abtk`r kbj choc`j mv`r ’b lbrrh`r wk`fOb`tbfm ghss`j b gbtok pmhft kbfe`r,‗ bf bot wkhok ibt`r jr`w Nboqu`s‘ abtk`r tm `xokbfe` ba`w wmrjs whtk Zhg. _omtt, `fnmyhfe khgsìa, wbs bii amr pbrtf`rskhp kbrgmfy‚’H‘ii juoc, ymu

kht ht mv`r gy k`bj,‗ k` sbhj `fomurbehfeiy tm @rrmi. _m ma omurs` s`v`rbi thg`s k` `fj`j up’sprbwi`j mut mf tk` aimmr‗ tm try bfj i`t @rrmi sbv` tk` pmhft. Hf tk` ahfbi, I`sf`r/_gbrt br` up 2-4 lut jmwf 22-: hf tk` < fj, mfiy tm puii ht mut. Nàa

em`s tm skbc` kbfjs, ahfjs mut tkhs gbtok, ufihc` bfy mtk`r hf bii tk` Nufhmr `v`fts, hs ? mut ma 0. _m, hfst`bj ma whffhfe hf ?, tk`y whf hf :.

Hf tk Lmys Pfj`r 20, Q`hii`tt , bat`r jmwfhfe GoErbw hf strbhekt ebg`s (armg

jmwf <4-20 hf tk` <fj), hs up <4-28 bebhfst\hocy \ugli` hf tk` 2st. Jrhvhfe khg lboc armg tk` tbli`, k` ’jrmps, khts, immps, pusk`s,jm`s v`rytkhfe,‗ lut obf‘t whf. Obf‘t whf tk`

2st

, tkbt hs3 obf whf tk` f`xt twm. Hf tk` Pfj`r 2?‘s, ht‘s ’tk styihsk iàtkbfj`r armg F`w

Xmrc, Zhggy Kmus , mv`r Thttslurek‘s \hocy_``ghii`r‗ wkm hf tk` s`gh‘s kbj cfmoc`j mut\ml`rt Fmok`fsmf, jùo` hf tk` ?rj.

Ehris Pfj`r 25/20/2?> 2818 P._. UmrijZ`bg g`gl`r Nbfho Gbrthf wbs guok tmm strmfeamr Gbrhbff Jmgmfcms, ?-ebg ruff r-up tm Gurh i _t rf hf tk 20‘s, bfj bf `bsy whff r hf tk 2?‘s.

M.C., H‘ii lèhf gy mwf omv`rbe` whtk Mv`r 04‘s/Mv`r :4‘s piby. Emmj tm s`` _h \btf`r lboc armg tkbt omij,

omij, omij Barhobf oruhs`, lut ht‘s Lhii Ormss, ups`t hf tk` :4‘s ly K`rl Kmrtmf, wkm tbc`s tk` 04‘s armg Nhg Q rtb. Zk`

:4‘s em`s fmt tm Kmrtmf, lut tm mij prm Arbfc Jwìiy mv`r Ghc` Ih`l`rgbf. Hf tk` mf` s`gh‘s ma tk` _`fhmr Jmuli`s,Kmrtmf/Q`rtb kbv` bf `xoìi`ft whf mv`r Jwìiy/L`ffy Kuii,wkhi` hf tk` mtk`r, Lhii Ormss pbhrs whtk…ymu‘ii f`v`r eu`ss.

Nust làmr` tk` tmurfbg`ft, Lhii e`ts b obii bt wmrc. ’Fm, Hjmf‘t tkhfc ymu‘ii ròmefhz` g` ly gy vmho`,‗ sbys tkùfròmefhzbli` vmho`….Ht‘s Gbffy Gmsomwhtz‚ibst s``f lyLhii, ibst k`brj armg, ?? y`brs bem! Brmufj 28?5, nust làmr`

Zhggy Kmus`

’styihsk iàt-kbfj`r‗Tkmtm ly Gbi

Bfj`rsmf

\ml`rt Fmok`fsmfTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf

Gbffy GmsomwhtzTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



;;

Lhii tmmc mv`r bs #2 hf F`w N`rs`y,Gbffy wbs tk` F`w N`rs`y _tbtÒkbgp. Bfj làmr` tkbt, hf 28?:,k`‘j wmf tk` P._. Mp`f Jmuli`s whtk_mi _okhaa. Fmw k`r` w`r` Lhii bfj

Gbffy hf 2852 fjhfe up l`hferuff`r-ups tm _mi bfj t`ffhs prm GhcÌh`l`rgbf wkm‘j bism whf tk` BJmuli`s armg Qhokfhf/Ebschii.

Hf tk` B _hfei`s, Gbfar`jNbkf, bf `xokbfe` stuj`ft armg U`stE`rgbfy wkm‘s btt`fjhfe tk` _tbt`

Pfhv`rshty bt Luaabim, l`bts I`sf`r hftk` qubrt`r‘s, ims`s hf tk` s`gh‘s tmNhg Jhxmf wkm‘s quht` put mut

lòbus` hf tk` ibst tkr`` tmurfbg`fts k`‘s sp`ft tk` gmf`y tm omg` tm, k`‘s g`t I`` mr

Zbff`khii hf bf `briy rmufj. Bt tkbt rbt`, k` breu`s, ’kmw bg H `v`r emhfe tm hgprmv` gyrbfchfe=‗ _mi _okhaa wmuij sby, ’_kuaai` maa armg Luaabim,‗ ‛obus` ha Nhg ’ihv`j hf F.X. k`‘j l`

mf` ma tk` ahf`st piby`rs hf tk` omuftry.‗ Bs abr lboc bs tk` ;tk‘s tkmuek, bebhfst Gbemm‘s Jr.Bibf Emijst`hf, Nhg kbj tm em jùo` hf tk` ?rj (bat`r l`hfe up 2;-24 tkbt ebg`).

Hf tk` mtk`r s`gh‘s, g``t Bibf Lìi, gbtk gbnmr ibtìy turf`j pulihsk`j Zmphos

prma`ssmr (’Tytkbemrbs, _yf`re`shs, E`stbit, bfj Obrtibfj‗ wbs mf` ma khs brthoi`s3 ’Tibyhfe_tyi` Bs B Aufothmf Ma Arùjhbf J`t`rghfhsg‗ bfmtk`r). Bat`r musthfe Okbrih` Jhsf`y, jùo`hf tk` ?rj, Bibf mutibst`j Gbrc \bjmg, 28 hf tk` 0tk ‚wk`rùpmf hf jhseust Gbrc, wkm bism

imst tk` Omfsmibthmf hf ? tm Jbv` Tkhihp, ebv` khs rboc`t tk` mij k`bv` km. Bibf tk`f w`ft mftm ims` tm Jhxmf hf :.

Umg`f‘s B‘s w`ft tm

Xvmff` Crmfibe`, jùo` hftk` 0tk, mv`r Gmftr`bi Nufhmr _khri`y E`rm.

Ht gby l` tkbt Gbfar`jNbkf lrmuekt tk` r`j f`t tkbtwbs us`j mf mf` ma tk`tbli`s‚H‘j k`brj tkbt tk`HZZA hs l`hfe ure`j ly tkÈ`rgbfs tm bjmpt ht. Bfywby,

k` jhjf‘t ims` b ebg` hf tbchfetk` L‘s, bfj s``gs tm g` tm

bjj hfsuit tm hfnury ly sbyhfek`‘s bgbz`j tkbt tk` piby`rsk`r` hf tk` _tbt`s br` bs emmjbs tk`y br` whtkmut bfy t`bg

piby. Hf tk` ahfbi, k` jmwf`j@rfst Uhii`r wkmg Lìi j`sorhl`s bs b ’amrg`r E`rgbf nufhmr okbgphmf.‗ Uhii`r hs b p`raòt`xbgpi` ma Arùjhbf tk`mry, sbys Lìi, hf tkbt khs tbli` t`ffhs piby hs j`t`rghf`j ly khs`fvhrmfg`ft bfj/mr k`r`jhty. @rfst immcs ’bs smgl`r bs b emmj, hfjustrhmus, p`furhmus

Ghc` Ih`l`rgbfTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf

Xvmff` Crmfibe`@rfst Uhii`r



;8

E`rgbf smijh`r.‗ K` s``gs ’p`raòtiy r`bjy tm us`khs Lbrfb rull`r jà`fs` tm pusk tk` pmhft amr kbia bfkmur mr gmr`.‗ Hfj``j, sbys Bibf, ’H kbv` piby`j khgtwm tkr`` ebg` s`ts tkbt w`ft mv`r 84 ghfut`s `bok.(Zk` okhà rà`r`` wbs lusy stbochfe tk` smjb

gbokhf` mr smg`tkhfe.)‗Bs H g`fthmf`j làmr`, tk` Umg`f‘s ahìjwbs rìbthvìy w`bc. Hf tk` tmp kbia ma tk` Jrbw, TbtKhij`lrbfj bjvbfo`j tm tk` ahfbi mv`r Gurhì _t`rf.Hf tk` lmttmg kbia, Lbrlbrb Cbghfscy (whtk shst`r Jmffb wbtokhfe, bs ha sk` ghekt stbrt tm piby bebhf) l`bts b omfshj`rbliy sihg-jmwf`j, imfe-kbhr`j Nbfho`

Gbrthf, ?-4. Amr b y`br bfj b kbia Nbfho` omuijf‘tgmv` tm k`r mutshj` rhekt amr b lbii, ahfbiiy kbj tmkbv` tkbt obrthibe` mp`rbthmf, bfj `v`r shfo` sk`‘simst k`r omfahj`fo` ma s`v`rbi s`bsmfs bem.

J`spht` tk` abot tkbt ombok _bg Q`hii`tt` kbsk`r r`bjhfe Jr. Gbitz‘s Tsyokm Oyl`rf`thos (’Imts ma

tk` emia prms us` ht,‗ sbys _bg. ’Xmu cfmw, pmw`r ma pmshthv` tkhfchfe‗), Nbfho` obf‘t rmii gmr` tkbf twmmr tkr`` lbiis hf b rmw. ’F`v`r ghfj, sk`‘ii l` r`bjy ly tk` thg` tk` Fbthmfbi‘s rmii brmufj,‗ sbys _bg psyokmoyl`rf`thobiiy.*

Hf tk` ahfbi bebhfst Khij`lrbfj,

Lbrlbrb whfs tk` 2st `bsy `fmuek, tk`f,tbic blmut b gmg`ftug stmpp`r, limwstk` <fj armg <4-21. Hf tk` ?rj, Tbt, bk`bj

28-2; bfj gmr` j`t`rghf`j tkbf `v`r,e`ts lboc Lbrlbrb‘s l`st amr`kbfj‚bfjht gbc`s bii tk` jhaa`r`fo`. Amr tkmuek

Lbrlbrb khts mf` hf tm e`t tm <4-28, sk`wkhaas tk` f`xt mf`‚bfj bat`r tk` lr`bc obf f`v`r rèbhf omftrmi.

Hf tk` Ghx`j ahfbi, Lbrlbrb bfjJ-N br` jmwf <-2 bfj 20-2< hf tk` :tk tmGbrthf bfj Jìi _w``rhs. Lut tk`f tk`y

whf 0 hf b rmw. (Jìi whii sby ibt`r tkbtLbrlbrb simws khg jmwf, tkmuek kmw

sk` jm`s tkbt k` jm`sf‘t sby.) Bat`r wkhok tk` _w``rhs t`bg rbiih`s, mfiy tms`` Nbfho` ghss b gbtok-pmhft kbfe`r._thii, Lbrlbrb/J-N obf‘t ròmv`r, j`spht`

tyhfe ht up bat`r twho` l`hfe bj-jmwf.Bs amr tk` G`f‘s Jmuli`s, wkm ìs` lut _w``rhs/Luch`t wmuij whf tkbt‚mv`r _`bithì/

\ml`rts. Zkmuek Jìi bfj L`rfh` jhj kbv` smg` uf`bshf`ss hf tk` s`gh‘s wk`f, hf tk`hr gbtokwhtk Lrbtkwbht /Ob`tbfm, tk`y w`r` 2-2 bfj bt jùo` hf tk` ?rj. Hf tk` mtk`r s`gh‘s, mfiy b

Jmffb F`wìi...gby piby bebhfTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf

@bst`rf Mp`f Okbgphmf

Tbt Khij`lrbfjTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



84

tbli` bwby, \`s`c/Lmeebf, `v`rymf` k`brj, w`r` jmwf 25-8 hf tk` : tk y`t gbfbe`j tm whf br`prh`v` làmr` imshfe jùo` hf tk` 0 tk. J-N‚wkm‘j k` pbrtf`r= Bk, k` jhjf‘t piby G`f‘sJmuli`s‚fmt amr b trmpky. L`shj`s, k` kbj tm em lboc, gbc` fho` whtk khs oustmg`rs, rìh`v` khsarh`fj @ue`f` Cufym wkm armg thg` tm thg` kbj tbc`f mv`r tk` Okbgphmf‘s quhpg`ft lmmtk.

Zkbt lrhfes us, smmf`r mr ibt`r, tm tk` _bturjby `v`fhfe lr`bc hf piby làmr` tk`

omfoiujhfe _ufjby gbnmr Okbgphmfskhps. Zk` Tiby`rs Tbrty hf tk` Omfsthtuthmf \mmg ma tk`_k`rbtmf Kmtì rbf mut ma ammj làmr` H emt tk`r` (’@fmuek amr 204 p`mpi`‚tkbt‘s wkbt tk`ysbhj w` kbj,‗ r`pmrt`j @rhok Kbrhfe wkm sbhj k`‘j smij mfiy 22? thoc`ts). Lut tk`r` wbs biiymu wbft`j tm jrhfc, bfj b r`bi ihv` lbfj, bfj li`ss Jbv` Ebschii bfj Lhii _kbrp` amr ruffhfemut tm lrhfe lboc arh`j okhoc`f.

_m, shfo` b auf thg` kbj tm kbv` l``f kbj ly bii, ht wbs 22>?4 _ufjby gmrfhfe làmr`tk` G`f‘s _hfei`s qubrt`r‘s w`ft maa‚bii amur gbtok`s, gbjj`fhfeiy, bt mfo`. Hf tk` l`st ma

tk`s`, Bi`x _khrmcy wkhris kufjr`js ma lbiis bt Luch`t, wkms` r`turfs br` khek luthfjàbtheubliy pibo`j, bfj ahfbiiy e`ts fmuek tkrmuek L`rfh` tm whf hf 0. Kmw`v`r, mf` immc bt Bi`x bfj ymu omuij tìi k` kbj fmtkhfe iàt tm okbii`fe` Lrbtkwbht` hf tk` s`gh‘s.

Zk` Okhà, làmr` g``thfe _khrmcy, kbj kbj b jhaahouit thg` whtk Lmeebf. Zhg‘s skbrpiy

bfei`j limocs oims` tm tk` tbli` orhss-ormss`j E`mre` k`r` bfj tk`r`, sm tkbt hf mrj`r tm c``parmg l`hfe [‘j mut ma tk` gbtok, E`mre` kbj tm tbc` tm okmpphfe bfj immphfe tk` lbii strhotiy

tm Lmeebf‘s amr`kbfj. Pp <-2, lut jmwf 2?-5 hf tk` : tk, Lrbtkwbht` rbiih`j armg 20-24 bfj 28-21 jmwf tm tkrmw khs brgs brmufj khs `xbsp`rbt`j am`. Kmw`v`r, abo`j whtk J-N hf tk` s`gh‘s,E`mre` obf jm fm l`tt`r tkbf \ml`rts làmr` khg.

Mf tk` mtk`r shj` ma tk` Jrbw, _`bithì, jmwf <-4 bfj 2<-; hf tk` ?rj tm J`r`c Ubii,bpp`br`j b emf`r, lut tkmuek Ghtok stmpp`j mat`ftm whp` khs lrmw, ht wbs J`r`c wkm sbhj k`‘j l``f

0-ebg` jmf` hf ly tk` k`bt. F`xt up amr _`bithì,Ibfjbu. Bat`r imshfe tk` 2st bfj l`hfe ebg`-pmhftjmwf hf tk` <fj, Qho hs up <-2 bt tk` lr`bc. Hf tk`

:tk

, k`‘s jmwf 4-5, simwiy oihgls lboc up, mfiy tmghss b kbfe`r bt <4-28, bfj hf tk` 0tk abii mut ma tk` tmurfbg`ft. ’H nust wbsf‘t beer`sshv`

`fmuek,‗ k` c`pt sbyhfe mv`r bfj mv`r bebhf.Hf tk` mtk`r qubrt`r‘s, @rrmi \`s`c jmwfs

Jìi _w``rhs hf :, whffhfe tk` hgpmrtbft 2st ebg`<:-<<. Botubiiy, fm smmf`r kbs tk`hr gbtok emtt`fufj`rwby tkbf @rrmi hs lboc <4 a``t armg tk` tbli`whtk Jìi‘s pmw`r lbii amr tk` pmhft sthii sbhihfe

mv`r khs k`bj. Bs @rrmi authiìy btt`gpts tm lbjghftmf tk` lbii lboc, k` em`s sprbwihfe bfj

omg`s up whtk b lurf. Tiby stmps wkhi` @rrmitbc`s tk` sbiv` maa`r`j khg, rullhfe hf tk` tkmuekttm Jìi bfj `v`rymf` tkbt k` jm`s try. Bebhfst_`bithì hf tk` s`gh‘s, kmw`v`r (Ghtok kbj l`bt`f

khg bt tk` Obfbjhbf‘s), @rrmi hs hf trmuli`. ’H jmf‘tcfmw wkbt k`‘s jmhfe whtk tkbt strbfe` limoc ma khs,‗ sbys @rrmi. Bfj mfo` tk`y‘j stbrt`j tk` 0tk, htwmuijf‘t gbtt`r ha k` kbj. Ghtok wmuij kbv` l`bt`f bfylmjy hf tk` omuftry tkbt <2-0 ebg`!

Ghtok _`bithì, 2852 @bst`rf \uff`r-upTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



82

Bfj fmw tkbt gbxh-ombt`j Tbtty Gbrthf`z Obsk bfj k`r kuslbfj ’L``l‗ kbv` brrhv`j,ar`sk armg tk`hr 2?4-ghi` jrhv` tm s`` tk` gbtok`s, tk`r`‘s b 20-ghfut` lr`bc wkhi` tk` tbli`sbr` l`hfe tbc`f jmwf.

K`y, aìimws. I`bv` mf` up, `k= Zk`r`‘s sthii tk` trbjhthmfbi oihgbotho ahfbi tm l` piby`j.Lut wkbt‘s tkhs= B kufjr`j p`mpi`‚abfs‚br` obiihfe ht b fhekt. Bt 8 m‘oimoc=

F`v`r ghfj….Zk` 2

st

ebg` hs v`ry quhociy mv`r. Uhtk J-N i`bjhfe <4-5 hf tk` <

fj

, tk` lbii lmy jm`sf‘t v`f em bat`r tk` lbii. Ht‘s bs ha k`‘s abii`f bsi``p…bfj p`rkbps k` kbs.Ru`sthmf amr tkms` hft`r`st`j hf tk` autur` ma tk` _pmrt hf tk` P._.> Ha tk`r`‘j kbv` l``f

prhz` gmf`y bt stbc`, mr Trbjht bfj Zbff`khii‘s `xp`fs`s pbhj bfj sp otbtmr bjghsshmf okbre`j,wmuij suok jhshft`r st kbv` pr`vbhi`j=

_@I@OZ@J FMZ@_.

*_bg Q`hii`tt`‘s whiihfef`ss tm ehv` psyokmimey b try `xt`fjs tm khs maa-omurt iha` bswìi. F`xt y`br, bs Jbvhj Uhic`fhfe r`pmrts hf tk` Gbr. <1, 285< J`trmht Ar ` Tr ss, Q`hii`tt`whii khr` Okuoc Lurfs‘s <<-y`br-mij smf, Tbui, b gusho gbnmr bt Ubyf` _tbt` Pfhv`rshty, tmwmrc bt Ahebrm‘s, _bg‘s ’piusk kbhr-styihfe sbimf hf tk` Ahsk`r Luhijhfe‘s omfomurs`.‗ Tbui‘s

emffb out kbhr= Fm, fmtkhfe psyokmimehobiiy hffmvbthv` hf tkbt. Mf Gmfjby bfj Zu`sjbybat`rfmmfs, armg 2

p.g. tm : p.g., _bgwhii pby Tbui $0 bfkmur tm piby tk` phbfm‚hfshj` tk`skmp. X`p, mf ’bfbfoh`ft Uurihtz`r

_phf`t‗ _bg lmrrmw`j armg boustmg`r, Tbui whii l`

pibyhfe, ht gby l`,L``tkmv`f mr Lbok,wkhi` kufjr`js ma

ourhmus pbss`rslystmp tm ihst`f bfjgbyl` k``j Tbui‘s prhft`j shef> ’Oibsshobrthst. Gbc` okòcs pbybli` tm Tbui Lurfs

amr khs omiiè`sokmibrskhp.‗ _bys

r`pmrt`r Uhic`fhfe,’Q`hii`tt` kmp`s tkbt lbrl`rskmp Lbok whiirìbx oustmg`rs bfj

kìp bs` tk`jhsomrjbft fmt` ma pbyhfe tk` lhii> $2<.‗ Ht‘s Lbrl`rskhp Lbok!

Tbui Lurfs, pibyhfe oibsshobi gusho hfshj` Ahebrm‘s sbimf.J`trmht Ar`` Tr`ss pkmtm ly Nmkf Omiih`r



8<

Okbpt`r @hekt

2852> Tr`-Fbthmfbi‘s Zmurfbg`fts.

Omfthfuhfe whtk piby hf F`w Xmrc _tbt`, w`‘ii okòc mut

tk` Nbf. ?4

tk

Luaabim bfj A`l. 1-5 \mok`st`r Mp`fs. Nhg Jhxmfwbs hf tk` G`f‘s ahfbi hf lmtk. Zk` 2st k` wmf armg Gbfar`jNbkf, ?-4, lut hf tk` s`gh‘s kbj l``f jmwf <-2 tm \ms` làmr` puiihfe ht mut, 28 hf tk` 0tk. Bt \mok`st`r k` wbs ups`t hf tk`s`gh‘s ly Jbytmf‘s Lhii Kmje`, 2; hf tk` 0tk, bat`r wkhok Lhiikbj fm `f`rey iàt tm ehv` whff`r Ghc` @zzm b ahekt. Bt tk``brih`r sht` ht bpp`br`j tkbt tk` wmg`f w`r` luaabim`j hftm fmt

bpp`brhfe, lut bt \mok`st`r Cbtki``f \`ghfetmf jà`bt`jJhbf` Cbzbc bfj Jbri`f` GoObff tm whf tk` Umg`f‘s.GoObff, wkms` smf Zhg wmf tk` 20‘s hf 0 mv`r Nmkf Erbkbg,t`bg`j whtk Kmje` tm tbc` tk` Ghx`j. G`f‘s Jmuli`s bt

Luaabim w`ft tm \ms`/Gmrrhs Gy`rs mv`r Nbkf/Ubssmf3 bfj bt\mok`st`r tm Jbv` Kuft/Bfjy Bfvìt mv`r Jhxmf/Kmje` hf 0 (bat`r Jbv` bfj Bfjy kbj

jrmpp`j tk` ahrst twm ebg`s <:-<< bfj w`r` bt jùo` hf tk` ?rj).Bt Luaabim, Bfvìt imst tk` L‘s tm \ms` (bat`r i`bjhfe <-4), lut tmmc tk` O‘s mv`r J

whff`r F`bi Amx, bs wìi bs tk` L bfj O Jmuli`s whtk Lml Er``f wkm wbs tk` Zmurfbg`ftJhròtmr amr tk` 28:; P._. Mp`f hf Omiuglus tkbt a`btur`j tk` abgmus Ghi`s/\`hsgbf ahfbi.Zk` Omfsmibthmf‘s sbw Bfjy amro` Gy`rs hftm tk` 0tk. Bfj hf b jà`fshv` trhbi-ly-omglbt_`fhmr ahfbi (surìy tkhs wbs piby`j hf @xp`jht`=), Er``f, tkmuek imshfe, bigmst 2:, -<<, 20, -

25, -2< mut-okmpp`j sthocy-okmpp`r `xtrbmrjhfbhr` Gy`rs tkr`` strbhekt. Bt \mok`st`r, Bfvìtomfthfu`j khs strhfe ma suoo`ss`s‚wmf tk` Kbfjhobp _hfei`s mv`r Lhii _t`hfrm`j`r3 tk` 25‘smv`r _t`v` Cbzbc (wkm imst tk` L‘s tm \hokbrj Ok`f)3 bfj tk` Nufhmr Jmuli`s whtk Cbzbc

mv`r Nàa Bfj`rsmf/Nhg _kmmts.Zk`r` wbs b v`ry emmj turfmut amr tk` A`l. <4-<2 Fmrtk`bst`rf‘s bt Abrghfejbi`

Omiiè` mf Imfe Hsibfj. Hf tk` 84-`ftry L‘s, H jmf‘t cfmw

kmw tk`y i`t khg hf, lut T`t`r _t`pk`fs wbs b imoc. K` libfc`j sk` t-g`tbi wmrc`r \by Gbijmfbjm bfj ahràhekt`r Gbrty Zk`hi wkm‘j bjvbfo`j whtk b jùo`-hf-tk`-?rj whf mv`r tk` mf`-brg`j, :;-y`br-mij Gbroy Gmfbst`rhbi, Zk`f hf tk` <-mut-ma-? ahfbi T`t`r biimw`j @rfst Uhii`r bii ma 20 pmhfts tmtbi.

Bfj wkm jm ymu tkhfc wmf tk` ;4 `ftry L‘s= Pk-kuk.

T`t`r _t`pk`fs. K` libfc`j Jmmf Umfe bfj TkhibjìpkhbOiul Zr`bsur`r Jbv` Ebschii wkhi` khs ahfbi mppmf`ft, T`t`

Omk`f, kbj tm gbc` b twm-ebg`s-jmwf omg`lboc bebhfstGmfbst`rhbi. Omk`f‘s tk` euy whtk tk` auzzy shj`lurfs bfjtk` kbhr bfj tk` auffy erhp. K` stbys up bt tk` tbli`, limochfebfj khtthfe whtk nust tk` mf` shj` ma khs rboc`t. Ht tmmc

_t`pk`fs b wkhi` tm e`t us`j tm tkbt òo`ftrho ebg` làmr`rbiiyhfe armg <-2 jmwf. B Jmuli`s‚wkm wmf tkbt= Jm ymukbv` tm bsc= T`t`r _t`pk`fs whtk, m.c., b ihtti` kìp armg Jbv`Tkhihp‚mv`r Omk`f/Ebschii, bat`r f`briy imshfe ?-4.

Lhii Kmje`

T`t` Omk`f> bf ’òo`ftrho ebg`‗Tkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



8?

Fm, _t`pk`fs jhjf‘t kbv` tk` lbiis tm try tm `ft r tkÙk`ìokbhr v`ft‚tkmuek ht wmuij kbv` l``f auf tm s`` khg piby `htk`r tk` whff`r Zy Cbus mr tk` ruff`r-up _`re`Nì`fmvscy.

_mg` ma tk` l`tt`r piby`rs t`bg`j whtk Nufhmrs hf tk` B

Jmuli`s‚_w``rhs pbrtf`r`j Nàa ^bcbrhf, amr `xbgpi`‚bfjebv` tk`g thps. J. N. (tkbt‘s Nmkf) GoErbw jmulti`ss i`brf`jb a`w tkhfes armg pibyhfe whtk Lhii _kbrp`, amr k` fmt mfiywmf tk` Pfj`r 25‘s armg \hocy \ugli`, lut wbs v`ry kìpauihf tk` `briy rmufjs tm tk` nust omghfe mf Nufhmrs. K`‘j s`t tk` lbii up, ombok tk` chjs mf tk`hr strmc`s‚quh`tiy obrry mf bihtti` ghfh-oihfho rhekt tk`r` bt tk` tbli`.

Nboc Obrr, amr mf` (ZZZ , Jò., 2854, ;), wmuij ihc` tmehv` tmp piby`rs bt tmurfbg`fts r`p`bt`j ly`s, sm tkbt, hfst`bjma emhfe tkrmuek tk` gmthmfs bebhfst w`bc mppmf`fts, tk`yomuij ehv` ombokhfe oihfhos amr spòtbtmrs bfj piby`rs‚hf

r`turf amr wkhok tk`y‘j rò`hv` ar`` `ftry a``s, kmsphtbihty`xp`fs`s, bfj jò`ft prhz` gmf`y. Uky jmf‘t w` jm tkbt= bscs

Nboc. Tmsshli` bfsw`rs> Ht‘s wmrc amr tk` emmj piby`r.@v`ftubiiy tk` piby`r/ombok wmuij kbv` tm em armg ombokhfetm pibyhfe, bfj ihcìy wmuijf‘t kbv` tk` prmp`r ghfj-s`t tmomgp`t` bebhfst smg`mf` hf tk` ;tk‘s mr tk` qubrt`r‘s wkm omuij piby gmr` tkbf b ihtti`. Htwmuij r`quhr` tkbt k` ombok bwby armg piby`rs omfo`ftrbthfe mf tk`hr gbtok`s hf tk` v`fu` omurts(p`rkbps fò`sshtbthfe b s`t-up hf bfmtk`r rmmg). K` wmuij kbv` tm ombok tm b sok`jui` tkbt omuij

boomggmjbt` piby`rs wbfthfe ombokhfe lut wkm w`r` pibyhfe hf s`v`rbi v`fts. Bfj, ehv`f tk`fò`ssbry r`guf`rbthmf, ht wmuij r`quhr` tk` mrebfhz`rs ma tk` tmurfbg`ft tm tbc` hf i`ss gmf`y.

Hf tk` 20‘s, \ugli` kbj fm trmuli` hf tk` ahfbi whtk \hokbrj _kìi`y, lut bat`r s`v`rbi

gmftks ma ombokhfe ly @rrmi \`s`c, \hokbrj, ihc` khs lrmtk`r Ibrry, kbs er`btiy hgprmv`j khsbttbochfe ebg`. Zk` gmst `xohthfe gbtok hf tkhs `v`ft wbs 24-y`br-mij Ghc` _t`rf‘s ‟8, <4, <<whf mv`r Zhggy Kmus` wkm tkhfcs tbli` t`ffhs bs guok bs bfy chj hf F`w Xmrc.

Hf tk` Pfj`r 2?‘s, Nàa ^bcbrhf bppbr`ftiy emt khgsìa strbhekt`f`j mut lbt-whs`‚bat`r `xp`rhg`fthfe whtk b jhaa`r`ft rboc`t k` kbjf‘t kbj b emmj@bst`rf‘s‚bfj sm cfmoc`j maa Zmfy @tthfe`r hf tk` ahfbi.Zk` gmst surprhshfe whf k`r`, tkmuek, kbj l``f Zmfy‘smv`r \ml`rt Fmok`fsmf.

Gurhì _t`rf, Pfj`r 25 Ehri‘s whff`r mv`r Lbrlbrb

_kìi`y, obg` ma be` tkhs tmurfbg`ft. Uk`f Biho` Er``fbebhf jhjf‘t skmw‚bfj ly tkhs thg` sk`‘j jòhj`j fmt tm

em tm tk` Fbemyb Umrij‘s‚Gurhì bjvbfo`j tm tk` ahfbi,wk`r` k`r mppmf`ft wbs Tbt Khij`lrbfj wkm‘j l`bt`fGbryibfj‘s [ubf A`reusmf hf : hf tk` s`gh‘s. Boomrjhfetm k`r abtk`r, Gurhì jm`sf‘t prbotho` guok (’_k` em`s tm

tk` oiul,‗ sbys k`r gmtk`r, ’bfj tbics tm tk` lmys‗). K`r`,jmwf <-4 bfj jmwf <4-21, sk` prmv`j k`rsìa bf`xp`rh`fo`j piby`r ly fmt ehvhfe up, ly stbyhfe bihv` tmjùo` ht up bfj amro` tk` gbtok hftm tk` :tk.

Nmkf GoErbw> cfmws kmw tm

s`t up tk` lbii

Gurhì _t`rf>

’tbics tm tk` lmys‗

Tkmtm ly Gbi

Bfj`rsmf



8:

Hf tk` Umg`f‘s B‘s, Gurhì ims`s jùo` hf tk` ?rj tm Imfe Hsibfj‘s st`bjy Tèey Jbiywkm‘s tk`f l`bt`f hf tk` ahfbi ly A`reusmf. Zk` twm wmg`f‘s whff`rs, Khij`lrbfj bfjA`reusmf, skbr` b tkhrj thti` wk`f tk`y tbc` tk` Umg`f‘s Jmuli`s armg Jbiy/Qhnb Ihvhfs. Bism,hf tk` Ghx`j, tk`y‘r` lmtk bt tk` o`ft`r ma tk` bothmf> Tbt pbhrs whtk E`mre` Lrbtkwbht` tmjà`bt [ubf/Ihg Ghfe Okuh. Mtk`r wmg`f rò`hvhfe trmpkh`s br` Omfsmibthmf whff`r Eimrhb

Bgmury bfj ruff`r-up Gbxhf` Lrmwf.Hf tk` G`f‘s Jmuli`s, ht‘s Lrbtkwbht` bebhf, whtk khs ibst-ghfut` phoc-up pbrtf`r Bi`x_khrmcy, wkm p`mpi` br` wbtokhfe. Hf tk`hr qubrt`r‘s bebhfst \ml`rts/_`bithì, bt 2-2 bfj 22-biihf tk` jòhjhfe ?rj, \mllh` e`ts b f`t, tk`f bfmtk`r, bfj tkmuek Bi`x bormlbthobiiy iufe`s hf tmr`turf tk`g, Ghtokìi whtk khs emia eimv`, oiuls tk`g bwby. Kmw`v`r, up 21-2?, \ml`rts/_`bithì ufboomuftbliy lèhf gbchfe rrmrs, ims` 5 strbhekt, bfj br` gbtok pmhft jmwf. Luttk`f, j`spht` Bi`x‘s <4-2; wkhsp`r`j, jrbwf-mut s`rv` hfstruothmf tm E`mre`, Ghtok bfj

\mllh` jùo` ht…mfiy tm ims` bat`r bii.Hf tk` s`gh‘s, E`mre` bfj Bi`x l`bt Trbjht bfj _urbsbc, <4, 28, 21, wk`f _urbsbc hs

obuekt nust puskhfe tmm gbfy lbiis lboc. Hf tk` mtk`r s`gh‘s, _w``rhs/Luch`t whf tk` 2 st <0-<?armg \`s`c/Lmeebf, bfj tkbt‘s tk` gbtok. Hf tk` ahfbi, Jìi bfj L`rfh` br` up 2-4 lut jmwf

<4-28 wk`f L`rfh` e`ts b f`t bfj Bi`x wkhaas mf`. Jìi kbs immc`j mv`r tm g` bfj sbhj, ’Mk,wkbt b iuocy skmt! Gbrc ht jmwf, Zhg!‗ Lut p`rkbps tkhs kbs lrmc`f khs omfo`ftrbthmf, amr k`

amiimws whtk twm `rrmrs, bfj hf b gmg`ft tk` gbtok hs th`j up. Fmw _w``rhs/Luch`t ims` tk`?rj, bfj tkmuek tk`y‘r` <4-28 up hf tk` :tk tk`y obf‘t oims`. L`rfh` pibys b khek lbii sba` rbtk`r tkbf okbfo` b kht, tk`f e`ts suok b kbfe`r tkbt k`‘s emt tm sgboc ht. _m k` jm`s, bfj,uflìh`vbliy, ghss`s ht. Bat`r tkbt, tk`r` br` fm gmr` okbfo`s.

L`rfh` jm`sf‘t j`hef tm piby hf tk` _`fhmr‘s. Bfj tk``v`ft‘s l`tt`r whtkmut khg3 ymu jmf‘t cfmw wkm‘s emhfe tm

whf. Gmfbst`rhbi r`bok`s tk` ahfbi, lut K`fry Jùtsok prmv`stmm amrghjbli` amr Gbroy. Zk` lhe ups`t k`r`, tkmuek, hsHsibfj`r Ubit`r _kur‘s whf mv`r P._. #2 _`fhmr Arbfc Jwìiy.

Ubit`r, wkm bat`r tk` bjv`ft ma spmfe`, stmpp`j bfj stbrt`j,stmpp`j bfj stbrt`j pibyhfe, kbs l``f e`tthfe khs khtthfe ebg` lboc hf skbp` tk`s` pbst Zu`sjby

fhekts bt tk` F.X. Oiul. Uhff`r Jùtsok bism t`bgs whtkGburho` C`fjbi tm jà`btJwìiy/Kuii bfj _mi _okhaa/_hjNbomls tm tbc` tk` _`fhmr Jmuli`s. Lut p`rkbps Gr. Zbli`

Z`ffhs, bs khs `quhpg`ft bjsomfthfu` tm jàhf` khg, jm`sf‘t

obr` tmm guok3 k`‘s emt bfmtk`r tbli` tm omfo`ftrbt` mf, obfj`bi armg, tkmuek w`‘r` fmt tbichfe lrhje` k`r`.

Hf tk` @squhr`‘s, tk` whff`r wbs Lml Er``f wkm‘j ehv`fup tk` Ebg` amr bigmst <4 y`brs. K` jrmpp`j suoo`sshv` ebg`s tm

Jbffy Ebfz, _hj Nbomls, bfj hf tk` ahfbi Ghtok _hil`rt. Ghtok kbjsp`ft imfe kmurs bt tk` ghc`, tryhfe fhoìy tm omfvhfo` p`mpi` tkbt,fm, k` jhjf‘t r`biiy wbft tm jàbuit tk`g amr fmt ugphfe tk`hr r`quhr`j gbtok`s, lut k` wmuij‚mr stmp tk` wkmi` tmurfbg`ft.

Jr. Gburho` C`fjbi

Lml Er``f> 28:; P._. Mp`f

Jhròtmr r`turfs



80

Hf tk` G`f‘s qubrt`r‘s, ht‘s Trbjht vs. \ml`rts, \`s`c vs. Luch`t, Lrbtkwbht` vs._khrmcy, bfj _w``rhs vs. _`bithì. Bebhfst T`t`r, \mllh`‘s jmhfe nust ahf` whtk khs ufkurrh`j lut`v`r-hftm-pmshthmf aìhf` gmv`g`fts‚hs up <-4 bfj bt 21-bii. Zk`f k` abhis tm r`turf 2-<-?s`rv`s, khss`s mut bf `xpi`thv` mr twm…bfj mf tk`y em hftm tk` :tk. Jurhfe mf` rbiiy, Aubrfbjmr`turfs ahv` ma T`t`r‘s kbrj`st sgbsk`s‚whfs tk` pmhft armg babr. Zk`f k` ohroi`s brmufj bfj

up tm tk` tbli`, lihfcs hgpbsshvìy ihc` k`‘s vbeuìy hft`r`st`j. Mfiy, khs obt‘s `y`s f`v`r i`bv`tk` lbii. _mmf k`‘ii gmv` mf tm tk` s`gh‘s.Mk, mk, Luch`t‘s hf mf` ma khs gmmjs. K` jm`sf‘t ihc` tk` tbli`, jm`sf‘t ihc` tk` lbii.

@rrmi puts khs eibss`s mf, sbys tk` tbli` hs p`raòtiy ahf`, bfj tk` f`w Fhttbcu lbii omuijf‘t l` l`tt`r‚wky, tk`y‘r` ushfe tk`g bt tk` upomghfe Umrij Okbgphmfskhps hf Nbpbf. Zk` ahrst twmebg`s L`rfh` pibys kmrrhliy‚bs ha k`‘s sthii emt khs f`w aur ombt mf. Bs tk`y lèhf tk` ? rj, fmgbtt`r wkbt ht ghekt omst, L`rfh` obf‘t stbfj ht bfy imfe`r. K` kmijs up tk` lrmc`f lbii. Kmw

tkhs kbpp`f= Ukhok blsmiutìy hfaurhbt`s @rrmi. _m guok sm tkbt k` bscs amr b ruihfe. P_ZZB\ui`s Okbhr Oyrhi I`j`rgbf omg`s jmwf armg tk` stbfjs. X`s= Jhj bfymf` botubiiy s`` Luch`t lr`bc tk` lbii= Fm= Uìi, tk`f, omfthfu` piby. \`s`c bebhf luhijs up pmhfts…bfj, jmwf 24-:,L`rfh` tkrmws up khs kbfjs hf j`spbhr. Ht‘s kmpì`ss.

’Jmf‘t skbc` kbfjs whtk khg, @rrmi!‗ smg`mf` skmuts sghihfe. ’Zkbt lbii!‗ sbysL`rfh`…bfj smg`tkhfe gmr`. ’K` jhjf‘t whf mf` s`t armg g` amr twm w``cs, fmw k` l`bt g`.‗

L`rfh`‘s tìihfe tk` trutk. Ht ghekt wìi kbv` l``f jurhfe tkhs twm w``c hft`rvbi tkbtLmeebf wbs iyhfe. Zk` twm w`r` bt F`w Xmrc Ohty‘s @j _uiihvbf Zk`bt`r hf F`w Xmrc p`ramrghfe, sm tm sp`bc, mf tk` ’Zm Zìi Zk` Zrutk‗ ZQ skmw (ahrst bhrhfe Gbr. ;tk). Luch`twbs tk` ?-thg` Fbthmfbi Okbgphmf3 Lmeebf, b l`brj`j L`rfh`, tk` hgpmst`r wkm jhjf‘t ammibfylmjy. Bat`r tk` qu`sthmfs, bat`r tk` eu`sshfe ly pbfìhsts Chtty Obrihsi`, Lhii Ouii`f, E`f`\bylurf, bfj Tèey Obss, tk` r`bi L`rfh` stbfjs up.

Kmw guok gmf`y k`‘s emhfe tm e`t, k` kbsf‘t aheur`j mut y`t, lut k`‘s sghihfe. ’Fmw Hwbft…‗ X`s, k`‘s eibj kmst Ebrry Gmmr` kbs bsc`j khg‚bs k` wbs blmut tm sby, k` whiihfj``j prmjuo` khs pibyhfe pbrtf`r.

Lmeebf immcs mf. Aubrfbjm \ml`rts hf tk` bujh`fo` immcs mf. Bfj mut armg tk` whfesomg`s @rrmi \`s`c, pmoc`ts ma khs nugp suht stuaa`j whtk lbiis. B a`w strmc`s…tk`f, smrry, fmgmr` thg`. Zkbfcs, v`rymf`.

Mf tk` mtk`r shj` ma tk` Fmrtk`bst`rf G`f‘s Jrbw, _khrmcy pibys Lrbtkwbht` sm abst Hjmf‘t `v`f e`t tm s`` tk` gbtok. ’Ukbt kbpp`f`j, Bi`x=‗ H bsc`j khg. ’H jmf‘t cfmw,‗ k` sbhj.’H kht wìi mf` ebg`. Zkbt‘s bii.‗

Ht wbs bigmst bii amr _w``rhs tmm. K` ims`s tk` 2st bt ; bfj tk` ?rj bt 2;3 lut hf l`tw``fk` sbfjwhok`s tkbt bii hgpmrtbft jùo` ebg`. Hf tk` :tk bfj 0tk, ht‘s fm omft`st, _w``rhs whfs>_`bithì‘s emt b limoc tkbt k` obf‘t jm bfytkhfe whtk.

_`gh‘s thg`, bfj Jìi kbs tm i`bv` mf` tbli` amr bfmtk`r‚i`bv`s gmg`ftbrhiy l`khfjskm`s, rboc`ts, lmx`s ma tk` omftrmv`rshbi f`w Fhttbcu lbiis k`‘s kmphfe tm sìi. K` stbrts wìi

bebhfst Lrbtkwbht , hs up 2-4 bfj 2;-21 bat`r smg` ahf` pbsshfe skmts, lut tk`f E`mre` e`ts bf`t, Jìi abhis tm r`turf tkr`` s`rv`s, bfj E`mre` e`ts bfmtk`r f`t. Gbtok bii `v`f bat`r twmebg`s. Bfj gbtok bii `v`f bat`r amur. Lut hf tk` 0tk, armg 2?-2<, _w``rhs rufs ht mut.

Bs amr tk` \`s`c-\ml`rts s`gh‘s, H‘v` f`v`r s``f @rrmi sm st`bjy. Khs l`st strmc` hs fmt

khs immp (wkhok hs v`ry emmj ma omurs`) lut khs amr`kbfj pusk. K` nust s``gs tm kbv` bs guokthg` bs k` wbfts tm wmrc amr b khek lbii. \mllh`, H tkmuekt, piby`j lbjiy‚`xo`pt amr tk` ?rj

wk`r` k` wbs hf Eiml`trmtt`r amrg. ’Abst lbii, simw tbli`,‗ sbhj Aubrfbjm‚’tk` lbii rhs`sskmuij`r-khek, bfj H obf‘t omftrmi ht.‗



81

Zk` IHZZB hs hgpr`ss`j whtk @rrmi. Zk`y jòhj` tm ehv`khg, whf mr ims` tk` ahfbi, $244 tm kìp pby khs `xp`fs`s tm tk` Fbthmfbi‘s. Bfj nust tm skmw tk`hr k`brt‘s r`biiy hf tk` rhekt pibo`, tk`y ehv` Lrbtkwbht` $244 tmm.

Fmw ht‘s _w``rhs‘s turf tm e`t $244= Zkbt‘s tk` prhz` ha

k` whfs. Bfj, m.c.. k`‘s oims`j up skmp, bfj, omghfe mut amr tk` ahfbi, k`‘s emt ht tme`tk`r, jm`s k`= Jmwf 1-0 wk`f @rrmis`rv`s bfj tk` lbii khts smg`tkhfe bfj schgs hftm tk` f`t, Jìitbc`s up khs abo` tmwì bfj justs maa tk` `fthr` tbli`. M.C.,r`bjy= @rrmi s`rv`s maa. Ukhok prmgpts Jìi tm pusk tk` tbliòims`r tm @rrmi. Bat`r tkhs arhvmihty, Jìi abhis tm r`turf tkr``strbhekt s`rv`s! Uhtk suok b imss ma omfo`ftrbthmf, ht‘s fm

surprhs` _w``rhs jrmps tk` 2st bfj hs bt jùo` hf tk` <fj. Lutfmw ht‘s @rrmi‘s turf tm l` simppy‚k` jm`sf‘t r`turf s`rv`,tk`f ghss`s b shtt`r. Zk`y‘r` bii `v`f bebhf emhfe hftm tk` 0 tk.Lut Jìi hs pibyhfe l`tt`r, hs p`raòtiy omgamrtbli` omuft`rhfe

armg <4 a``t lboc. Pp 24-5, Jìi, okbshfe b lbii abr lboc,`xt`fjs tk` rboc`t bigmst mut ma khs kbfj y`t gbfbe`s tm imat b

r`turf. @rrmi ghss`s tk` khek`st kbfe`r ymu `v`r sbw‚bfj,hfst`bj ma ht l`hfe 24-; bat`r k`‘j wmf b kbrj-amuekt pmhft, k`‘s jmwf ly :.

Jìi kbs pbss`j kbia khs OTB `xbgs‚k` cfmws tk`r`‘s fm wby amr @rrmi tm boomuft amr tkbt ibst skmt, ht kbs tm omst khg. Ht jm`s> 0tk ebg` bfj thti` tm _w``rhs. Bfj sm‚lut, immc bttkhs> p`mpi` ghiihfe blmut sthii wbft tm luy tkms` Fhttbcus tkbt br` emhfe tm l` us`j bt Fbemyb.Bfj _okhaa, Gr. Zbli` Z`ffhs, hs sthii j`bihfe. Bfj fmw Jìi hs lboc mv`r tk`r` whtk

khg…mp`fhfe up‚wkm cfmws=‚b lrbfj f`w obr``r=Bt tk` y`br-`fjhfe, shx-rèhmf Mftbrhm Uhft`r Ebg`s amr

Nufhmrs, piby`j hf @tmlhomc`, Lmys bfj Ehris armg tk` O`ftrbi \èhmf,

ombok`j ly Eblmr _zuos, obg` ahrst. Zk`hr ròmrjs> Lmys> @rrmiOb`tbfm, 20-43 Tbui Lrbtkwbht`, 2:-23 Tbui Ci`vhfbs, 2:-2. OmbokT`t`r Emfjb, 2:-2, i`j tk` <fj-pibo` Fhbebrb t`bg. Ehris> Qhmi`ttb

F`sucbhths, 20-43 Aimrb F sucbhths, 20-4, Jbrhfcb Nmvbfmv, 20-4.Zk` Mttbwb Bssmohbthmf kìj hts 2852 Okbgphmfskhps mf 2<

Fhss`f tbli`s bt Biemfquhf Omiiè`‚whtk J`r`c Gbrskbg, wkm‘jombok`j tk` Mttbwb Nufhmrs bt @tmlhomc`, whffhfe tk` G`f‘s armgObfbjhbf F`ws Hft`rfbthmfbi @jhtmr Tbtrhoc Brcìi wkm‘j rbiih`j tm l`btArbfc _kbv`r hf tk` s`gh‘s. Umg`f‘s, bs `xpòt`j, w`ft tm Tbuib

_kbv`r mv`r @hi``f GoOuiimuek.Bt tk` A`l. Guscèmf Mp`f, Omffh` _w``rhs tmmc tk` rmufj

rmlhf Umg`f‘s mv`r _u` Khij`lrbfjt. Cbtky _okìt`gb ahfhsk`j ?rj

,J`l Amst`r :tk, bfj Jmrhs G`roz 0tk.

Zk` G`f‘s sbw Jmf Lrbzzìi ups`t #< s``j Nhg Jbv`y, tk`fìhghfbt` C`f Amst`r hf 0, tm r`bok tk` s`ghahfbi rmufj rmlhf. Zk` tkr``

piby`rs nmhfhfe khg tk`r` w`r > Jìi _w``rhs wkm, bs Cbtky _okìt gbtìis us hf k`r wrht`-up (ZZZ , Gbrok-Bprhi, 2852, 23?), wbs vhotmrhmus’mv`r b kbrj-khtthfe, j`t`rghf`j Ghc` Q`hii`tt` <4, <:, 28‗3 Lhii I`sf`r, 0-ebg` whff`r mv`r I`mfbrj GoF`ò`3 bfj Nàa _gbrt wkm‘j cfmoc`j mut Hgbfts Cbrcihs.

@rrmi sthii e`ts tk` $244

Jbrhfcb NmvbfmvArmg OZZB F`ws,

Nbf., 2854, ?



85

Lrbzìi kbj omg` 2st hf tk` $20 Kbfjhobp `v`ft ly l`bthfe Jìi wkm‘j kbj tm ehv` khgb ?4-pmhft stbrt tm 04. Zkhs thg` tk`r` wbsf‘t bfy spmt‚bfj y`t Lrbzìi, ’sgbskhfe bfjr`turfhfe wìi `fmuek,‗ amro`j _w``rhs hftm tk` 0tk. Zkmuek imshfe tm _gbrt hf 0, Jmf bismstmpp`j #? I`sf`r hf :. Lhii bfj Nàa imst tm Jìi‚wkhok gbj` khg tk` whff`r. Lut wk`fI`sf`r emt tk` l`tt`r ma _gbrt, b tkr``-wby th` amr <fj j`vìmp`j, lrmc`f ly Lrbzìi‘s ’gmst

ebg`s wmf.‗ G`f‘s Jmuli`s w`ft tm _w``rhs/I`sf`r mv`r Jbv`y/GoF`ò`.Mtk`r r`suits> Oibss B> Zmg Go@vmy hf 0 mv`r A`r`fo ’Arbfc‗ G`roz wkm‘j jà`bt`j lmtk Jbv` _k`fc, <2, -<2, -<2, <<, 28 bfj Ghc` Q hii`tt` hf 0 (whffhfe tk` ?rj <8-<5). Ukm hstkhs euy, G`roz, pibyhfe mut ma U`st Ibaby`tt`, Ghokhebf= ’F`v`r k`brj ma khg‗ sbhj tk`s``jhfe omgghtt``. Lut ma omurs` Arbfc, b twm-thg` Qhrehfhb _tbt` Okbgphmf, l`hfe hf tk` Bhr Amro`, kbs l``f stbthmf`j bism hf mtk`r pbrts ma tk` omuftry wk`r`, bs ghekt l` s``f hf Zmphos,k`‘s r`p`bt`jiy gbj` khs gbrc. Oibss L> Go@vmy, <-2 mv`r G`roz wkm‘j 28 hf tk` ? rj `c`j ly

b ’vbstiy hgprmv`j‗ Gburho` Kuft`r, Ghokhebf Oims`j Pfj`r 20 Okbgp. Oibss O> Bi`x Ibua`r (khs ahrst tmurfbg`ft whf) mv`r \bfjy Trh`st jùo` hf tk` 0tk hf tk` s`gh‘s, bfj 28 hf tk` 0 tk hftk` ahfbi mv`r G`roz. Oibss L/OJmuli`s> Go@vmy/G`roz mv`r

Lrbzzìi/Jmf Oibrc._`fhmr‘s> @ig`r Xl`gb mv`r

Ghokhebf ZZB Tr`shj`ft E`mre`Lul`f. Bibs, Arbfc Zkbrbijsmf‘s `ftry’kbj okms`f tm r`bok Guscèmf tk`sbg` jby k` kbj.‗ Bibs, bibs, imybiArbfc kbj gbj` ht b rui` fmt tm hglhl`bfy smat jrhfc ’tkbt wbsf‘t khs

omgpbfy‘s Mrbfe` Orusk.‗ Lut jhjL`b _okìt`gb‘s sfboc skmp kbv`Mrbfe` Orusk= Zkhrsty Arbfc wbs

orusk`j tm ahfj tkbt ht jhj fmt.Guscèmf nufhmrs ’`brf`j tk`hr ftrya``s ly obiihfe gbtok`s.‗ J`trmht‘s

Gburho` Kuft`r, 2:, omfstbftiy pi`bj`j whtk bjuits tm ’Ti`bs` ihght ymur wbrg-ups tm twm ghfut`s,‗ wkhi` Guscèmf‘s 2?-y`br-mij Lrhbf _yjfmr, ’tkr`bt`f`j, ‛Jìi _w``rhs, r`pmrt tm tk` j`sc mr H whii jàbuit ymu.‘‗

Fm jbfe`r ma Jìi l`hfe tkr`bt`f`j whtk jàbuit bt tk` Ghokhebf Mp`f skmrtiy làmr`tk` Fbthmfbi‘s‚fmt whtk T`t`r Trbjht, L`rfh` Luch`t, N`rry Cbrluicb, bfj Nhg Ibzbrus hf tkàhìj. Cbrluicb, tk` Ozòk p`fkmij`r wkm‘s kbj jùo`-hf-tk`-:tk prmli`gs whtk okmpp`r _bg

Q`hii`tt`, hs j`sorhl`j ly omv`rhfe r`pmrt`r Nàa _gbrt (ZZZ , _`pt.-Mot., 2852, <5-<;) bs ushfe’wmmj skmts bfj b O strmc` immp,‗ wkhi` khs s`gh‘s mppmf`ft, Trbjht, ’pibys ihc` nbee`j

ihektfhfe whtk bf bt-tk`-lmufo , sibp-bfj-sihp-bfj sihj` bttboc.‗ Bat`r whffhfe tk` 2st

ebg` bt5, T`t`r hs jmwf 25-2< hf tk` <fj, tk`f rbiih`s tm jùo` ht up. Lut fmw, sbys Nàa, N`rry ’‛JM@_KH_ ZKHFE‘‚UKHOK H_ ZM CHII ZK@ LBII (k` gust kbv` tk` kbrj`st sgbsk ma bfymf`hf tk` P._). Bfj whfs <<-<4. Gbtok bii `v`f.‗

Hf tk` ?rj, ’N`rry‘s sup`r-immps, ghx`j whtk lmtk`rsmg` wmmj skmts, s``g tmm guok amr T`t`r wkm trbhis 2?-1!‗ Lut tk`f ht‘s 2?-2<!…Bfj jùo` bebhf. Uk`rùpmf T`t`r e`ts b f`t,bfj, bj-jmwf, N`rry pusk`s hftm tk` f`t. Trbjht em`s mf tm tbc` Cbrluicb hf :, bfj, mf l`bthfeIbzbrus, bjvbfo`s tm tk` ahfbi.

@ig`r Xl`gbTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



8;

_w``rhs, jmwf 28-20 hf tk` 2st bebhfst Luch`t, whfs 1 hf b rmw. Amiimws ly hfor`bshfekhs i`bj tm <-up. _m wkbt, sbys L`rfh`, wkm‘s smmf limochfe lboc `v`rytkhfe Jìi tkrmws btkhg….Hf tk` 0tk, Jìi‘s up 24-<. Lut wkbt‘s b i`bj ihc` tkbt= sbys Nàa. ’Ht‘s `v`ry kusti`r‘sbv`rbe` somr`.‗ Luch`t puiis tm 2?-22, ’hs nust bgbzhfe. Bfj tk`f k` ghss`s b chii. Bfj,strbfe`, bebhf tk` ebg` swhtok`s rmufj. Jìi tbc`s 5 mut ma ; tm `fj tk` gbtok.‗

Bebhfst Trbjht hf tk` ahfbi, _w``rhs, ’sphffhfe kbrj,‗ i`bjs 2:-5, lut T`t`r obtok`s khgbt 21-bii bfj tbc`s tk` 2st bt 2;. Pp 20-2: hf tk` <fj, _w``rhs `v`fs ly tbchfe 1 strbhekt pmhfts.Bat`r whffhfe tk` ?rj `bshiy, T`t`r hf tk` :tk hs ’up 22-24, e`ts twm f`ts! Zk`f, bt 2:-22 k` e`tsb f`t-`je`!‗ Lut ’smg` tr`g`fjmus omuft`r-jrhvhfe‗ lrhfes Jìi tm 21-bii, bfj bebhf k` rufsmut tk` ebg`. Hf tk` 0tk, Trbjht‘s up 2?-22, bfj, bat`r ’lmtk piby`rs e`t hf blmut <4! abstomuft`r-jrhv`s,…_w``rhs sgbocs mf` tkrmuek.‗ Trbjht ’e`ts thekt,‗ bfj Jìi hs up 28-25 ’bfjkhs amr`kbfj chii hs r`biiy kmt.‗ Mfiy fmw k` ims`s ? strbhekt, bfj T`t`r kbs khg gbtok pmhft.

Bat`r l`hfe amro`j lboc, _w``rhs omg`s hf, sgbocs b lbockbfj. ’Ukbt! Ht‘s omghfe lboc!Uìi, chii ht bebhf.‗ Jìi jm`s. Ht‘s b chii`r birhekt…rhekt hftm tk` f`t. Trbjht whfs, 28 hf tk` 0tk.

Bt tk` A`l. <0 Gbx J. Emmj`f Mp`f, tk` Okbgphmfskhp _hfei`s a`btur`j bf ;-gbf rmufjrmlhf. Ahrst wbs Bibf Emijst`hf (5-4). _òmfj wbs tk` _t. Imuhs Oims`j Okbgp Ibrry Okhsmig (1-2,

whtk b jùo` hf tk` ?rj

whf mv`r N`rry Tiylmf). Zkhrj, Tiylmf (0-<, whtk b 28 hf tk` ?rj

whf mv`r Okbrih` Jhsf`y). Amurtk, Jhsf`y (:-?). Ahatk, @rho Umitbsozyc (?-:). _hxtk, Brt Ah`lhe (<-0).

_`v`ftk, Nbg`s Ubokt`r (2-1). @hektk, Kbrry _bfjf`r (4-5). Umg`f‘s _hfei`s bfj Ehris Pfj`r 25w`ft tm Jhbfb Gy`rs mv`r k`r whffhfe Pfj`r 20 Jmuli`s pbrtf`r N`bf Qbrc`r. Zk` Ghx`j tm Gy`rsbfj Tiylmf. G`f‘s Jmuli`s whff`rs w`r` Jhsf`y/Emijst`hf mv`r Tiylmf/Jbvhj Lbrf`s.

Zmg Ubisk tìis us (ZZZ , Gbr-Bpr., 2852, 2?) tkbt tk` A`l. F`lrbscb Oims`j sbw_t`v` Aibfslure, ’mat stbt` okbgphmf,‗ ly ’vbryhfe sphf bfj moobshmfbiiy immphfe,‗ jà`btamrg`r stbt` okbgphmf \`gus Cbvbs (amrg`riy Cbvbibuscbs), fmw ma Okhobem. (Zk`y‘j piby

bebhf hf Gbrok, bfj tkhs thg` Cbvbs bigmst kht tkrmuek Aibfslure, imshfe <0-<? hf tk` 0tk.)Umg`f‘s w`ft tm Jhbfb Gy`rs (mv`r k`r gmtk`r Lbrlbrb), bs jhj tk` G`f‘s Jmuli`s (sho)wk`r` sk` pbrtf`r`j Aibfslure (mv`r Ubisk/Cbvbs), bfj tk` Ghx`j wk`r` sk` pbhr`j whtk

Okbgpbc Fbrmtbg (mv`r Ubisk/Lbrlbrb Gy`rs).Mtk`r r`suits> B‘s> Ubisk mv`r Fbrmtbg. L‘s> I`m Cujhrcb mv`r \mjf`y Omwi`s.

Gurrby Cuti`r, wkm wbs tk` Omfsmibthmf whff`r mv`r Okbri`s Tmismf, jmghfbt`j Nufhmr

piby‚k` wmf tk` 25‘s mv`r Nmf Jùoki r, -21, 28, 253 tk` Nufhmr Jmuli`s whtk khs lrmtk r Gbrc mv`r Jùoki`r/Jbv` Jmwfs3 tk` 20‘s mv`r Nmkf ^brbemsb3 bfj tk` 2?‘s mv`r ZmjjT`t`rs`f, tk` Pfj`r 22 Okbgp mv`r Jbf Jmwfs. Bt tk` Lmys Oiul tmurf`y, T`t`rs`f, tkmuek pibyhfe mfiy b y`br, wbs sbhj tm l` hgpr`sshv` hf tk` Pfj`r 24 jhvhshmf. Zk` f`w Fmvho` `v`ftw`ft tm Nhg Gbibskmoc mv`r ’rò`ft lèhff`r,‗ tk` autur` P_ZZB Ombokhfe Okbhr bfj Fbthmfbi Trmerbg Jhròtmr Lml Zr`tk`wby.

Fmw k`r ‘s Mcibkmgb‘s hfor`bshfeiy omftrhluthv` \mf _khri`y, fmt jbgfhfe whtk abhft prbhs`, fmt `v`f prbhshfe whtk a hft jbgfbthmf‗>

’…Kmw gbfy tbli` t`ffhs abfs mutshj` tk` _mutkw`st cfmw tkbt tkhs br`b‘s l`st piby`r f`v`r pibys hf b sbfothmf`j tmurfbg`ft bfj hsf‘t v`f b g`gl`r ma tk` P_ZZB=L`shj`s tkbt, k` rufs tk` l`st tmurfbg`ft hf tk` _mutkw`st `bok y`br bfj `v`rylmjy wkm‘s

bfylmjy hf tk`s` pbrts pibys hf ht. Zkhs v`ry suoo`ssaui ufsbfothmf`j tmurfbg`ft SZ`xbsMp`fW biwbys rufs mf thg`, biwbys maa`rs tk` lhee`st trmpkh`s, bfj biwbys hs tk` lhetmurfbg`ft w` immc amrwbrj tm. Eu`ss tkbt nust em`s tm skmw tkbt P_ZZB sbfothmfhfe hsf‘tfò`ssbry amr `htk`r b emmj mr suoo`ssaui `v`ft…‗ (ZZZ , Gby-Nuf`, 2852, <0).



88

Kmw tru`. Bfj kmw jhaahouit ht hs, hf b omuftry sm ibre`,hf b Imf` _tbr stbt` mr ìs`wk`r`, tm e`t `v`rymf` (bfj`spòhbiiy k` wkm‘s l`hfe rà`rr`j tm k`r`, Imuh` Ibfo`r) tm`glrbo` b Fbthmfbi Bssmohbthmf. _thii, amr bigmst :4 y`brsfmw, gbfy j`jhobt`j wmrc`rs kbv` omfthfu`j bfj whii

omfthfu` tm jm nust tkbt. Gust l` smg`tkhfe tm l` sbhj amr suok b ufhthfe. Lml M‘F`hii wrht`s tkbt mf A`l. 1-5 Kmustmf‘s ahrst

sbfothmf`j ohty tmurfbg`ft jr`w :0 `ftrh`s, tkmuek smg` ma tk`g piby`j mf mfiy mf` jby, bppbr`ftiy fmt cfmwhfe tk`yw`r` suppms`j tm piby mf twm. Hf tk` Okbgphmfskhp `v`ft,tk`r` w`r` 1 rmufj rmlhf ermups ma 5 piby`rs `bok‚whtk

Ermup B l`hfe tk` strmfe`st, amiimw`j ly Ermup L. Oòhi Cmst,’whtk khs strmfe immp bfj j`vbstbthfeiy boourbt` chiis,‗ somr`jkhs ahrst whf mv`r Kbfugbftk \bm tm tbc` Ermup B. \bm wbssòmfj mv`r Bi @feì. Ermup L wbs wmf ly Lrbj

Amuftbhf (khs ahrst v`r trmpky), whtk AuIh`g tk` ruff`r-up vhb b

th`-lr`bc`r whtk Tkhi Jbiy bfj Cìiy @st`s,tk` Lmys Pfj`r 20 Okbgp mv`r, bgmfemtk`rs, T`rry _okwbrtzl`re, b piby`r w`‘iik`br quht` b lht blmut ibt`r. OkbgphmfskhpJmuli`s w`ft tm M‘F`hii/Jmf U``gs mv`r Cmst/J.E. Qbf Qmmr`f.

Lml

M‘F`hii



244

\mf _khri`y wrmt` `ft`rtbhfhfeiy(ZZZ , Gby-Nuf`, 2852, <:) blmut tk`Mcibkmgb Mp`f. Zk` s``jhfes, k` sbhj,w`ft tm s``j3 upstbrts bjvbfo`j>

’Zbc` Uhrhyb Znbcrb, amr `xbgpi`….SK`W wbs omgpi`tìyufcfmwf bfj `ft`r`j `v`ry `v`ftarmg Oibss O up. Bf `fehf``rhfestuj`ft bt tk` Pfhv`rshty ma Mcibkmgb, Znbcrb tmmc tk` omurtbebhfst SJ`ffhsW Orbwamrj

bfj quhociy lòbg` v`ry wìicfmwf. Bfj nust bs quhociytkrmwf mut ma Oibss O.

Orbwamrj, ibst y`br‘s fugl`r mf`Mcibkmgb piby`r, hs usubiiy j`btk tm b

okmpp`r‚bfj Znbcrb hs jàhfhtìy bokmpp`r (khs fbg` bigmst smufjs ihc` okmpp`r‚tk` ‛Zn‘ hs prmfmufo`j ihc` ‛Ok‘). Lut J`ffhs‘s pmw`raui sphfs nust jhjf‘t pkbs` khs Hfjmf`shbf mppmf`ft‘s jà fs ihc` tk`y jm gmst….‗

Zkmuek :tk s``j Orbwamrj w`ft jmwf tm Znbcrb 2; hf tk` :tk, \mf kbj `brih`r ehv`f khgkhs ju`‚pmhfthfe mut (hf tk` Gbrok-Bprhi Zmphos) tkbt J`ffhs, bimfe whtk Fmrgbf L`kyg`r,

ibst s`bsmf‘s Mcibkmgb Lmys Pfj`r 20 #<, w`r` bgmfe ?4 kmfmr``s, hfoiujhfe lbs`lbii‘sNmkffy L`fok, wkm rò`hv`j o`rthahobt bwbrjs bt b Nbf., ‛52 Mcibkmgb Ohty Tr`ss Oiul _pmrtsK`bjihf`r jhff`r. MOP lbsc`tlbii ombok, Bl` I`gmfs, ebv` b i`gmfhsk hgpr`sshmf wk`f, bs

\mf sbys, k` ’hftrmjuo`j Orbwamrj bfj L`kyg`r Swkms` fbg` k` f`v`r jhj prmfmufoòmrròtiyW bs ‛t`ffhs piby`rs‘ bfj tk`f bs ‛t`ffhs tbli` piby`rs‘ làmr` ahfbiiy sphtthfe mut ‛tbli`t`ffhs piby`rs.‘‗

\mf bism tìis us, hf prmuj gbv`rhoc abskhmf, tkbt,tkmuek f`htk`r J`ffhs mr Fmrgbf ’kmijs b P_ZZB@xkhlhthmf Tiby`r obrj,‗ jmulti`ss ’tk` fbthmfbi bssmohbthmfwmf‘t l` tmm kbrj mf tk`g amr hftrmjuohfe tk` spmrt tm t`fmr ahat``f tkmusbfj spmrts abfs Sly pibyhfe Okrhstgbs-kmihjby`xkhlhthmfs whtk ‛spòtbouibr skmts‘W bt twm s`sshmfs ma tk`

pr`sthehmus Bii-Omii e` Lbsc`tlbii tmurfbg`ft.‗*_kmrtiy bat`r Orbwamrj imst, k`r` omg`s Uhokhtb‘s

Emrjmf L``ki`r wkm wbs ’‛bigmst ufcfmwf‘ shfo` k` kbjf‘t piby`j k`r` hf y`brs bfj wbs bssug`j tm l` mut ma prbotho`.‗L``ki`r, ihc` Znbcrb, ’okmps b imt lut bt thg`s k` bism khtswìi (KB\J!) whtk khs phgpi`j rull`r.‗ @xht ?rj-s``j Nm`

Ougghfes, wkm imst hf 0 (jrmpphfe tk` swhfe ?rj ebg` <<-<4).Bfmtk`r surprhs` hf tk` qubrt`r‘s wbs Jmf L`rry‚

’sup`r immp`r bfj sphff`r xtrbmrjhfbhr`.‗ Zkr`` w``cs`brih`r ’tkhs ymufe @feihskgbf armg Gbfok`st`r‗ kbj piby`j

Uhrhyb Znbcrb> fbg` sbys k`‘s b ’okmpp`r‗

Jmf L`rry> sup`r-immp`r @feihskgbf



242

bt Amrt Umrtk (tkbt wbs hf tk` ufsbfothmf`j Z`xbs Mp`f=)wk`r` k`‘j l``f ’hgpr`sshv`.‗ _thii, tkmuek k` kbj C`vhfLìi‘s ’obt-ihc` sp``j,‗ ht s``g`j ihcìy tkbt C`vhf‘s stby-bt-tk`-tbli`-bfj-kht ebg` wmuij l` tmm guok amr Jmf‘s sphf-bfj-gmv` styi`. Lut L`rry l`bt tk` #2 s``j hf :, <2-1 tk`

ibst ebg`. Mfiy #< s``j Jbvhj Lìi sobp`j l`hfe ups`t. K`bjvbfo`j tm tk` s`gh‘s, ?-4, mv`r Oibss O bfj P-20/P-2?whff`r _t`v` Kbggmfj wkm bism pbhr`j whtk _khri`y tm tbc`tk` L Jmuli`s.

Zkus, hf tk` mf` s`gh‘s, L`rry immp`j bwby Znbcrb hfstrbhekt ebg`s (nust bs k`‘j jmf` pr`vhmusiy hf tk` B ahfbi),bfj hf tk` mtk`r, Jbvhj Lìi `bshiy jà`bt`j Q`rf @hs`fkmur.

Jbvhj tmmc Jmf hf tk` ahfbi, <<-<4 hf tk` :tk, hf pbrt p`rkbps lòbus` tk` @feihskgbf ghekt kbv` l``f b ght` thr`j bat r immphfe khs wby tkrmuek 0-`v`fts bfj 2; gbtok`s. L`rry jhjt`bg whtk Ougghfes, tkmuek, tm tbc` tk` G`f‘s Jmuli`s

armg C`vhf Lìi bfj _t`v` Brfmij wkm prmvhj`j Zmphosr`bj`rs whtk bf `xpibfbthmf ma tk` ?rj bfj 0tk-lbii bttboc,

`spòhbiiy bs prbotho`j ly tk` ’\`j Okhf`s`‗‚tkbt hs, s`rv`sm bs tm bttboc-amr-tk`-pmhft r`turf, mr s`rv` bfj, ha ufbli` tm hgg`jhbtìy amiimw, beer`sshvìygbfùv`r sm bs tm jm sm mf tk` sòmfj r`turf. Lbrry bism pbrtf`r`j Tbui I`Libfo tm b whf hftk` B Jmuli`s mv`r \.O. Ubtchfs/Nmkf GoBjbgs. Umg`f‘s w`ft tm Fmrgb I`Libfo hf 0 mv`r (amr tk` ahrst thg`) Obrg`f Mrthz wkm‘j ìhghfbt`j Mzìib K`fj`rsmf. Ghx`j whff`rs w`r`>Mrthz/Ougghfes mv`r I`Libfo/ C`vhf Lìi hf 0.

Mtk`r r`suits> Oibss L> Nby @vbfs (bfj khs ’st`bjy vbrh`ty ma ufusubi sphfs‗) hf tk`s`gh‘s, jùo` hf tk` :tk, mv`r Jbvhj Lbrf`s, bfj hf tk` ahfbi mv`r Bvh Libttst`hf (wkm‘j imst hftk` B‘s tm Nmkf Zmgihfsmf jùo` hf tk` ? rj). _`fhmr‘s> Ubtchfs mv`r Imu Ombt`s. Pfj`r 25>

N`rry Orbwamrj <0-<? hf tk` 0tk

mv`r Brfmij wkm‘j bjvbfo`j <0-<? hf tk` 0tk

mv`r NhgKbggmfj, ruff`r-up tm lrmtk`r _t`v` hf tk` 20‘s, jùo` hf tk` ? rj.

Bt tk` 28tk Bffubi Brhzmfb Mp`f, kìj A`l. 2?-2: bt tk` spbohmus F`w Gmmf Qbii`y

Khek Eyg hf Tkm`fhx, tmp-s``j J`fhs M‘Omffìi‘s amr`kbfj bttboc wbs tmm strmfe amr ruff`r-up Nhg Lrhstmi. J`fhs t`bg`j whtk \by Gboc amr bf `bsy Jmuli`s whf mv`r Lrhstmi/Bi @v`r`tt.Umg`f‘s w`ft tm 21-y`br-mij Ohfjy Ommp`r mv`r 21-y`br-mij @ish` _phffhfe. Ohfjy, whtkGboc bs k`r pbrtf`r, bism tmmc tk` Ghx`j armg Gbo Kmrf/_phffhfe.

Gboc ròbiis M‘Omffìi bs ’b s`rhmus piby`r wkm kbj tk` prbotho` ‛pibf‘‗ ma ushfe \bytm prbotho` khs ?rj bfj 0tk lbii bttbocs. Mfo`, J`fhs tmij Gboc tkbt k` wmuij f`v`r l` b emmj

piby`r. ’Zkbt kurt,‗ sbhj \by. ’H wbft`j tm cfmw wky.‗ J`ffhs bsc`j khg kmw imfe k`‘j l``f pibyhfe, bppbr`ftiy tkhfchfe tkbt \by, wkm wbs gbyl` <4, kbj l``f pibyhfe blmut 0 y`brs.

Uk`f Gboc sbhj, ’Mfiy 2; gmftks,‗ J`fhs kbj b okbfe` ma k`brt, bfj tk`y lèbf prbothohfebfj amr b thg` piby`j jmuli`s tme`tk`r. Lòbus` \by prbotho`j whtk bfj `fomurbe`j OhfjyOmmp`r tm kht tk` lbii prmp`riy‚sk` us`j tmm guok shj`sphf mf k`r skmts‚k` wbs bli` tm pibyGhx`j whtk k`r. Ukhok, `spòhbiiy shfo` tk`y wmf, wbs er`bt auf (’H kbj b kue` orusk mf k`r

lòbus` sk` wbs sm fho` bfj nust pibhf l`buthaui‗).Mtk`r Brhzmfb Mp`f r`suits> B‘s> \me`r X ` mv`r Nmkf Kbrrhfetmf. X`` bism wmf tk` B

Jmuli`s whtk Jbffy Xu (mv`r Fhfe Okbfe/Xhfihf Okbf). L‘s> Zmg _borb mv`r Lml Zr`ò`.Zmg bism wmf tk` L Jmuli`s whtk Kbrmij Cmpp`r (mv`r Zr`ò`/@j _t`hf hf 0). O‘s> Okrhs

\mf _khri`y,

Mcibkmgb L Jmuli`s Uhff`rTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



24<

Obstrm mv`r Tkm`fhx Oiul Tr`shj`ft Amrr`st Lbrr.Omfsmibthmf‘s> Nhg J`G`t mv`r \uss Ahfi`y hf 0._`fhmr‘s> Kìgutk Qmrk`rr mv`r Jà`fjhfeOkbgphmf Kmrf. Pfj`r 25‘s> 2:-y`br-mij Gbrc JbQ`` mv`r Ommp`r. Pfj`r 20‘s> JbQ`` mv`r

Bfjr`w _`rrbfm.Ghiib Lmozbr‘sKmiiywmmj Oiul, tk` sht` ma twm whft`r tmurfbg`ftsmv`r b 1-w``c spbf, kbj bv`ry jhsthfeuhsk`j vhshtmr‚ tk` 28?1 P._. Umrij

Umg`f‘s Okbgphmf \utkBbrmfs, f`wiy boo`pt`j hftmtk` Hft`rfbthmfbi _wbytkihfeOiul. Bbrmfs, wkm hf 2815

bat`r tk` j`btk ma k`r lrmtk`r, Ihsi`, gmv`j armg

F.X.O. tm I.B., wbsboomgpbfh`j tm tk` Oiul lybotr`ss _khri`y Nmf`s bfj k`r smf (ly Nboc), Jbvhj Obsshjy, wkmg\utk wbs gbfbehfe.** Bs b r`suit ma k`r vhsht, sk` g`t U`fjy Khocs,

wbs hgpr`ss`j ly k`r, bfj bat`rwbrjs wrmt` b Nbf. ?2 i`tt`r tm b Gr. Xmcmybgb ma Pfhv`rsbiMrh`ft Trmgmthmfs hf Zmcym kmphfe k` mr smg`mf` k` cf`w ghekt l` bli` tm kìp aufj Ghss

Khocs tm tk` upomghfe Fbemyb Umrij‘s. \utk j`sorhl`j U`fjy bs ’b v`ry ihcbli` bfj lrhektymufe wmgbf, bs wìi bs b v`ry tbi`ft`j btki`t`.‗ U`fjy wrmt` bf bpprmprhbt` Zkbfc Xmur`spmfs` tm \utk, lut H‘v` fm ròmrj bs tm wk`tk`r Gr. Xmcmybgb wbs bli` tm kìp mr fmt.

Bt tk` Nbf. ?4-?2 Kmiiywmmj Mp`f,@rwhf Ci`hf wmf tk` G`f‘s mv`r Ubyf`Ml`rtmf`. \by Gboc, òkmhfe Bi`x _biohjm‘s

bpprbhsbi ma @rwhf, jhjf‘t tkhfc Ci`hf wbs bv`ry fho` p`rsmf lòbus` ufi`ss ymu w`r` bkhek-rbfchfe piby`r k` jhjf‘t j`hef tm sp`bc tm ymu. Kmw`v`r, bs b piby`r, \by tkmuektCi`hf t`rrhaho, khs tmuok ’pk`fmg`fbi.‗Zkmuek smg` nuje`j @rwhf ly tkhs thg` tm l`

’smat,‗ \by gbrvì`j bt khs blhihty tm r`turf p`mpi`‘s okmp whtk ihekt tmpsphf mr tm r`turf

tk`hr tmpsphf whtk up-oims`-tm-tk`-tbli` okmp.Bs amr Ml`rtmf`, k` wbs smg`thg`s gmoc`j ly ymufe \bpkì, b pufst`r bfj fbturbi ghghoamr wkmg `v`rymf` wbs abhr ebg` (g` k`

rà`rr`j tm bs ’Zhg Lmeus‗). Gboc ròbii`jkmw Ubyf`‘s ammtwmrc wbs gmr` tkbf b ihtti`suspòt‚k`‘j tbc` ’fm i`ss tkbf 1 (!) st`ps amr b shgpi` lbockbfj pusk bfj r`turf tm tk`r`bjy pmshthmf.‗ \by tkmuekt Ml`rtmf` ’prmlbliy suaa`r`j armg b s`v`r` obs` ma mls`sshv`

Gbrc JbQ``> Mutstbfjhfe NufhmrTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf

Umrij Okbgp Bbrmfs

(skmwf k`r` hf 28?1)

Ubyf` Ml`rtmf (I)> strbhekt gbf tm @rwhf Ci`hfTkmtm ly Ar`j Erml``



24?

omgpuishv` jhsmrj`r, mr gbyl` b s`v`r` obs` ma p`raòthmfhsg.‗ _hfo` Ubyf` kbj wmrc`jjhihe`ftiy tm lòmg` b p`ramrghfe phbfhst, emmj `fmuek tm em mf tmur, p`rkbps tkhs kbjsmg`tkhfe tm jm whtk khs f``j amr pròhs`f`ss.

K`btk`r Bfeìhf`ttb tmmc tk` Umg`f‘s mv`r Ohfjy Ommp`r. Mfo`, hf khs hffmo`fo`,Gboc ok``r`j imujiy amr Ohfjy wk`f sk` emt b f`t bfj hfourr`j K`btk`r‘s wrbtk. Fmt

spmrthfe, sk` sbhj, fm schii tm whffhfe tkbt pmhft. Bfeìhf`ttb, ihc` \uaamrj Kbrrhsmf, wkm wbsbism armg @feibfj, skbr`j bf mls`sshv`f`ss blmut prmp`r jr`ss. K`btk`r pmhft`j mut tm Gboc tkbt khs ok`bp $? trboc suht, wkhok k`‘j ’l``f w`brhfe amr b y`br,‗ kbj ’spìi`j tk` wmrj‛Tbtrhmts‘ bs ‛Tbtrmhts‘ mf tk` pbfts bfj sw`btskhrt.‗ X`bk, y`bk, \by cf`w tkbt, bfj cf`w tkbtwhtkmut gmf`y k`‘j smmf kbv` tm em lboc tm \mok`st`r, F.X. Lut hf tk` f`xt qubrt`r-o`ftury,whtk khs gbfy E`f`ss`` Qbii`y thti`s bfj Iha`thg` Bokh`v`g`ft Bwbrj, k` wmuij lòmg` bihvhfe iè`fj bgmfe tk` Cmjbc obg`rb-ghfj`j. Ghx`j Jmuli`s w`ft fmt tm Bfeìhf`ttb/

Ermssgbf lut tm \by Euhii`f/Tbuihf` Ubic`r mv`r @bri Nmf`s/Bfeìhtb \msbi. G`f‘s Jmuli`stm Euhii`f/Ermssgbf mv`r Fhoc Ghftshv`rhs/J`fhs M‘Omffìi. Ghiib bfj Ar`j K`rlst, r`pmrthfemf tk` _mutk`rf Obihamrfhb so`f` (ZZZ , Gbr.-Bpr., 2852,2<), sby tkbt Fhoc, ’tk` arh`fjiy Er``c lbrt`fj`r-omiiè` stuj`ft,‗ kbj emf` kmg` ibst sugg`r‚tkbt‘s tm @rh , T`ffsyivbfhb, wk`r`

khs pbr`fts kbv` b r`stburbft‚’bfj obg` lboc whtk b f`w lrhj`, Obrmi`.‗Mtk`r r`suits> L‘s> Bfjy Lòc`flbok mv`r Jh`t`r Kul`r. O‘s> @rho Zkmg mv`r Arbfc

Kuzbrscy, 28 hf tk` :tk. _`fhmr‘s> Bi`x Ebth mv`r C`f Ouffhfekbg. Lmys Pfj`r 25> Tbui\bpkì mv`r Euhii`f. Ehris Pfj`r 25> Ommp`r mv`r \msbi. Lmys Pfj`r 20> \bpkì mv`r Zkmg.Lmys Pfj`r 2?> Jbvhj Ibfe` (bat`r k` bfj khs abghiy kbj l``f hf tk`hr fbthv` _omtibfj amr by`br) mv`r Ghoc`y Crhtz, ’rò`ftiy ma Hsrbì.‗ Bfeìhf`ttb/K`rlst sby tkbt Ghoc`y‘s jbj ’hs b prma bt POIB bfj butkmr ma b okhijr`f‘s lmmc pulihsk`j hf Hsrbì bfj trbfsibt`j armg K`lr`whftm @feihsk.‗

Bt tk` Gbr. 1-5 Mp`f, b wbrg-up amr tk` Fbthmfbi‘s bt wkhok tk` Obihamrfhb ZZB hs pbyhfe tk` ftry a``s amr bfy ma hts Nufhmrs, U`fjy Khocs wbs tk` Umg`f‘s whff`r mv`r Bfeìhtb \msbi. (Fm G`f‘s _hfei`s r`suits prmvhj`j.) G`f‘s Jmuli`s whff`rs w`r` Euhii`f/

Ermssgbf mv`r Jbrryi Aibff/Lml Bski`y. Ghx`j w`ft tm Euhii`f/Khocs mv`r Aibff/Ubic`r.Ghftshv`rhs, whtk khs ’l`brobt-pbw amr`kbfj bfj oruskhfe lbockbfj‗ l`bt Khocs hf 0 tm tbc`tk Oibss B‘s. \by Gboc l`bt Zkmg hf 0 tm tbc tk L‘s.

Mtk`r r`suits> Jmue Kmlsmf l`bt IbrryT`ccbff`f hf 0 tm tbc` tk` O‘s. Euhii`f/Khocs bismwmf tk` B Jmuli`s‚armg Nhg Lrhstmi/JbffyLbfbok. L`st hf L Jmuli`s> Gboc/Zkmg mv`r Bfeìhf`ttb/K`rlst. _`fhmr‘s> K`rlst mv`r \ussZkmgpsmf. Pfj`r 25‘s> Euhii`f mv`r \bpkì, -2;, -

28, <?, 20, 28. Gboc sbhj tkbt \by jhjf‘t kbv` Tbui‘serboàui, pmw`r`j amr`kbfj mr oibssy okmp, lut k`

omuij gbc` ’jmuli`-whfe`j r`turfs armg f`br mr abr,‗ wbs t`fbohmus, kbj ’ b kue` k`brt,‗ bfj bf’ufaibaabli` obf-jm btthtuj`.‗ Pfj`r 20‘s> \bpkìmv`r Zkmg. Pfj`r 2?‘s> Crhtz mv`r Ibhfe. K`rlst/

Bfeìhf`ttb sby tkbt, ufj`r Bibf Ghii`r, tk` f`wOZZB Nufhmr J`vìmpg`ft Okbhr (’wkm i`brf`j tm piby bfj ombok hf @feibfj‗), ’bii nufhmrs whii rò`hv`b ar`` g`gl`rskhp.‗

Ar`j K`rlst, _`fhmr Uhff`rTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



24:

Bt tk` A`l. <4-<2Oup`rthfm Mp`f, JbvhjOkbf wmf tk` G`f‘s_hfei`s (mv`r E`mre`Gbcc) bfj tk` G`f‘s

Jmuli`s whtk K. U`l`r (mv`r Gbcc/BzgyHlrbkhg). Bppbr`ftiytk`r` wbs fm Umg`f‘s`v`ft, lut tk` Ghx`jw`ft tm Nhg Fbhc/Khij`Lrbuthebf mv`r Okbf/

Xurhcm Chrly. Hlrbkhgtmmc lmtk tk` B _hfei`s(mv`r \bgmfA`rfbfj`z) bfj tk` B

Jmuli`s whtk A`rfbfj`z(mv`r \hokbrj Z`rry/

Ghc` Er``f`). Bzgy‘smlvhmusiy l``f pibyhfe, lut H kbv`f‘t fmtho`jkhg mf tk` tmurfbg`ftso`f`. T`rkbps lòbus`Jmf Euff r`pmrt`j tkbt

hf Fmv. ma 2818, ’hf bomimraui Omptho Okrhsthbf o`r`gmfy,‗ Bzgy gbrrh`j Gbrebr`t Kbrbjb, ’pmsshliy tk` gmst l`buthaui wmgbf `v`r tm omg` armg Kbwbhh, mr bfywk`r` ìs .‗ Fm, sk` jm`sf‘t piby t.t., lut

’sk` smg`thg`s wmrcs bt tmurfbg`fts, bfj wbs b er`bt kìp bt tk` 2818 Fbthmfbis.‗Zk` @ue`f`, M\ Oiul kbs hts mwf piby`r rbthfes (lbs`j mf i`beu` bs wìi bs

tmurfbg`ft piby), lut bt hts Nbf. ?4tk @ue`f` Mp`f, s``jhfes omuij fmt l` lbs`j nust mf imobi

piby. G`f‘s whff`r wbs Zmg \utthfe`r mv`r Nm` I`` wkm‘j cfmoc`j mut \ml \ml`rts.Umg`f‘s whff`r wbs Nujy Lmok`fsch***, @ue`f`‘s #<, mv`r Pfhv`rshty ma Mrèmf‘s \bokìTmfe. G`f‘s Jmuli`s w`ft tm I``/\ml`rts hf 0 mv`r @ue`f`‘s #2 Nàa Curtz/Lml Km. Ghx`jtm \utthfe`r/Lmok`fsch mv`r @bri Bjbgs/Cbr`f L`rihf`r.

_@I@OZ@J FMZ@_.

*Hf tk` Jò., 2854 hssu` ma Zmphos (5), \uaamrj Kbrrhsmf kbj tbc`f tm tbsc tk` J`trmhtmaahohbis wkm‘j stmpp`j piby mf 14 tbli`s bt tk` P_MZO‘s tm bffmufo` tkbt tkms` wkm ebv`

`xkhlhthmfs whtkmut b P_ZZB @xkhlhthmf obrj wmuij l` sulnòt tm susp`fshmf. \hjhouimus. Htwbs tm tk` Bssmohbthmf‘s l`fàht amr bj`pt piby`rs tm ehv` `xkhlhthmfs. M.C., sm tk` @xkhlhthmf piby`r pbys b $24 a`` amr khs obrj, qu`sthmf hs, Ukbt jm`s k` e`t hf r`turf= \uaamrj omfoiuj`stkbt gbfy piby`rs whii omfthfu` tm hefmr` tkhs stuphj tkr`bt bfj ’em tk`hr hfj`p`fj`ft wbys ha

tk` P_ZZB jm`sf‘t bjmpt b gmr` pmshthv` btthtuj`.‗**Botmr \hokbrj F`hismf, wkm, bs Nhggy Fìsmf, wbs ruff`r-up hf tk` 28:4 @feihsk

Mp`f Nufhmr‘s tm Nhggy L`rghfekbg, tmij g` k` ahrst g`t \utk Bbrmfs bt b _khri`y Nmf`sObsshjy jhff`r pbrty, bfj tkbt k` bfj sk` kht ht maa tbichfe `xoht`jiy blmut @feihsk Z`bg

Jbvhj Okbf> 2852 Oup`rthfm OkbgpTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf

Bzgy Hlrbkhg, 2852 Oup`rthfm B

_hfei`s & Jmuli`s Uhff`r



240

piby`rs. Ibt r, k` sbhj, tk`y w`r` lmtkg`gl`rs ma bf hf-ermup ’Fmwk`r` ZmEm Lut Pp‗ Oiul.

***Nujy, wkm pibys tk` oibrhf`thf k`r _kìjmf Khek _okmmi lbfj, whii

fmt mfiy turf hf b Okbgphmfskhp p`ramrgbfo bt tk` Btibftb P._. Mp`f, lut, bimfe whtk ZQ bpp`brbfo`s mf ’ZmZìi Zk` Zrutk‗ bfj ’Ukbt‘s Gy Ihf`,‗whii smim mftm o`ft`r stbe` bt tk` MrèmfIèhsibtur` bfj whtk omfthfuhfe bpimgl p`ramrg tk` rmi` ma tkbt stbt`‘s gmst

booibhg`j t``fbe` jhpimgbt. Bfj,tkmuek ht prmlbliy prmgpts mfiy ’Thfe-Tmfe Jhpimgboy‗ hf-ermup ròbii, wkmcfmws, p`rkbps sk` bfj Mieb, whtk t`brs

ma nmy, lrmuekt tk` kbglure`r tm Okhfb.

Nmf hf tk` Imfjmf Jbhiy Gbhi



241

Okbpt`r Fhf`

2852> J`lboi` ma tk` Btibftb P._. Mp`f.

Btbibftb. Fm, obràui, obràui, fmtBtibftb‚tkbt‘s wk`r` tk` Fbthmfbi‘s w`r`,rhekt=

Btbibftb. Xmu cfmw tk` Er``c gytk= Zkhs l`buthaui _mutk`rf ehri, _mutk`rf @urmp`bfbfywby, wbs wbrf`j ly bf mrboi` tkbt bfy omghfe tme`tk`r hf gbrrhbe` wmuij lrhfe jhsbst`r.

_k` rbo`j k`r suhtmrs‚whtk j`btk bt tk` ahfhsk ihf` ha tk`y omuijf‘t, bfj try bs tk`y ghekt tk`yomuijf‘t, mutruf k`r hf thg`. Lut tk` ymutk Khppmg`f`s bpp`bi`j tm tk` emjj`ss Bpkrmjht`,bfj wbs ehv`f tk` emij`f bppi`s hrr`shsthli` tm Btbibftb tm jrmp hf khs rbo` whtk k`r. _m wk`fsk` stmpp`j tm phoc tk`g up, k` wmf k`r. Lut tk`f, mkkk, k` amremt tm tkbfc Bpkrmjht` amr wkbt sk`‘j jmf` bfj wbs pufhsk`j, okbfe`j hftm b rmbrhfe ihmf.

\-r-r-r-r!Btibftb. B imvìy ohty. Zkbt \è`foy Kmtì bimf` kbs wmm`j kmw gbfy= Zkms`

iè`fjbry scyskhp i`vbtmrs tk`r`. Mr omghfe jmwf, jmwf, jmwf, b eibss-`foims`j lbtkmspk`r` hftm tk` j`ptks. Bk, gytks‚wkbt trutks tk`y kmij. Zkhfc Btibfths tmm‚tkbtwmrij‚shfchfe hftm tk` s`b.

Btibftb. Zk` Fbthmfbi‘s. Bfj Zmurfbg`ft Jhròtmr L`tty Er``f`, wkm, ufj`rstbfjhfebfj erbohmus, biwbys omuij l` bpp`bi`j tm. Bfj, ihst`f, < b.g. Gmfjby gmrfhfe ahfhskhfe thg`

mr fm, obf‘t w` sby‚mr rbtk`r, bs tk` P_ZZB‘s kmw guok mij`r Khppmg`f`s, obf‘t H sby‚w`

I-\> Ebry Bi`xbfj`r, Zr`bsur`r3 \by Ahiz, _òr`-

tbry3 E`f` Uhismf, G`gl`rskhp3

Obri Emij`f, Tr`shj`ft3 Okuoc Ghokìi, \bfchfe

Okbhrgbf3 Nhg Kmiomgl, Qho`-Tr`shj`ft

I-\> _tbf Gbrthf, Bsshstbft E`f`rbi Gbfbe`r,Ouriy Lbhi`y, Nmkf _hgs, L`tty Er``f`, Ibrry Tkhiihps.



245

ahfbiiy gbj` ht, nmhf`j mur tmurfbg`ft whtk l`buthaui, l`buthaui Btibftb, omfsuggbt`j ht bii,rhekt jmwf tm tk` ibst ghx`j jmuli`s gbtok.

Bfj amr tkbt w` muekt tm l` tkbfcaui, fm=\-r-r-r-r!Lut tm lèhf bt tk` lèhffhfe. Zk` pibyhfe v`fu` hs tk` Gufhohpbi Bujhtmrhug. Gy

abghiy bfj H em hf, bfj kmw omfaushfe ht bii hs‚ihc` `ft`rhfe b iblyrhftk. Zk`r`, rhekt bwby, br`tbli`s <8-:4. Kuk= _mg` kìims bfj kbfjskbc`s, bfj tk`f mut bfj brmufj tm bfmtk`r jmmr bfjb rèhstrbthmf ihf` bfj b sbocaui‚ma wkbt=‚amr`v`r tm l` r`g`gl`r`j smuv`fhrs=

Zk`f lboc mutshj` bfj brmufj bfj hf, bfj tmjby mr tmgmrrmw mr tk` f`xt jby up bfjjmwf tk` rbgp tkbt i`bjs us tm wk`r` w` tkhfc w` muekt tm l`. Jmwf tm tk` j``p obv`rfmuseimmg ma tk` (\-r-r-r-r) Br`fb. Zbli`s 2-2;. Pfbvbhibli` tm us, bs ht kbpp`fs mf tk` ahrstorbgp`j fhekt ma tk` tmurfbg`ft, lòbus` tk` abgmus wr`sti`r @i Gmfemi bfj khs sfbrihfe

kmbrj ma Bssbsshfs br` t`bg`j tm pr`v`ft us armg pibyhfe. Pp, maa tm tk` rhekt, hs bfmtk`r pbrtma tk` gbz`, tk` sihpp`ry aimmr ma Zbat Kbii. Zbli`s 28-<?. Zkhs hs wk`r` tk` trmpkh`s sht, lboc tm tk` wbii, ihc` ihtti` ehij`j g`f bfj wmg`f, ?1 ma mf` chfj (Nr. Pfj`r 2?, G`f‘s _hfei`s,_`fhmr Oibss L Jmuli`s‚omuij tk`r` l` bfy jmult w`‘r` bii g`bft tm l` mf` bfj tk` sbg` hf

tkhs amr sm imfe ufk`rmho, ufprmgmt`j Ebg`=), ?4 ma bfmtk`r, `v`ry mf` mlihvhmus tm tk` `v`ftma mf` bfmtk`r‘s hj`fthobi, ufobrhfe omgpbfy.

Fmw lboc tm tk` rbgp tkbt kmw gbfy aimmrs zhezbes up tm tk` _cy \mmg‚Zbli`s <:-<;‚wk`r`, bs tk` tmurfbg`ft prmer`ss`s, H‘j kbv` tm khc` up tm armg tk` lbs`g`ft hf guith-i`vì s`brok amr chjs mr ompy.

Bfjwk`r`v`r ymuw`ft‚ymu

omuijf‘t e`tbwby armgtk`g, sm wìi-

hft`fthmf`jw`r` tk`y‚ gbtok bat`r

gbtok kbjomgpuishvìyhts ufhamrg`j,mrbfe`-skhrt`jugphr`, lbje`f`wiy s`wf

mv`r tk` tmmmat`f brrmebft, hefmrbft k`brt ma tk` rbw`st ma Tbrc J`pbrtg`ft ròruhts. ’Abuit!‗ sbys bf

ugphr` wkm tk`f, bs piby r`p`bts htsìa, bscs tk` piby`rs, pi`bs`, ha tk`y‘r` emhfe tm kht tk` lbiikbrj, l` sm emmj bs tm tìi k`r wkhok shj` ht em`s mf lòbus` sk` kbs trmuli` amiimwhfe ht.

Zrmuli amr v`rymf`> j`bj-`fj wbiis tm tkhs iblyrhftk bs piby`r bat`r piby`r immc`j tmahfj wk`r` khs/k`r jrbws w`r` pmst`j, wk`f bfj bt wkbt tbli` k` wbs thg`-sok`jui`j tm piby.

_mg`thg`s tk` sok`jui`s w`r` kbrj tm r`bj ly bii omfo`rf`j. Omft`stbft _kìi`y, amr `xbgpi`,hf tk` ghjji` ma pibyhfe khs ?rj ebg` bebhfst bf mppmf`ft k`‘j f`v`r s``f làmr` wbs sujj`fiybjvhs`j tkbt ht wbs fmt \. _kìi`y lut rbtk`r bfmtk`r, ufhj`fthah`j _kìi`y wkm skmuij l` pibyhfe tkhs thg`-sok`jui`j gbtok3 bfj tkbt, wbst`j kbia kmur bshj`, k`‘j kbv` tm lèhf bebhf.



24;

_imwiy, whtk b ahv`-ghfut` jìby k`r`, tk`f bfmtk`r, bfj bfmtk`r, tk`r` obg` b skhathfe.Zhg` lèbf wmrchfe hts ghormsompho ihtti` trhocs. Pfs``f ly bfy trbhf`j y`, ufaìt ly bfyOmgghtt`` lmjy, kufjr`js ma jhstbft gbtok`s tkbt kbj l``f tbli`j sm pròhsìy w`r` simwiyjhssmivhfe. _m tkbt erbjubiiy v`rymf` lèbf tm erbsp tk` g`bfhfe ma khs mwf mrboi` ma jhsbst`r. Ubs tk`r` bfy wby mut=

B piby`r bpp`brhfe, mr fmt bpp`brhfe, amr khs amur m‘oimoc r`sok`jui`j twm m‘oimoc gbtok hf tk` lbs`g`ft, mr khs amur m‘oimoc obfoì`j r`sok`jui`j gbyl` tm shx m‘oimoc gbtok hftk` _cy \mmg, wbs s`ft r`ìhfe rbgpwbrj bebhfst tk` wbiis. Ht wbs, bs ha hf tk` omrrhjmrs ma khsghfj, mf` jhjf‘t cfmw wk`tk`r k` wbs omghfe mr emhfe‚wk`tk`r, hfj``j, bs k` wbfj`r`jblmut, k` wbs gbtok`j up whtk bfmtk`r bt bii.

_m gbfy bfery, omfaus`j p`mpi` w`r` omgpibhfhfe bt tk` Omftrmi J`sc blmut l`hfejàbuit`j ly ugphr`s tkbt smg`tkhfe kbj tm l` jmf`. Fbturbiiy ht wbs tmm ibt` amr tk`

ufcfmwi`je`bli` Omgghtt`` g`gl`rs tm i`brf bfy ma tk` rèuibr tmurfbg`ft em`rs ly shekt mr `v`f ly fbg`. \``-_@OC, LPOC-`t, ûk-OB\-hf, Lm-EBFF‚bfj sm mf, guthibthfe mf`‘shj`fthty lòbus` fm hfjhvhjubi, ht wmuij s``g (hf spht` ma Obri Emij`f‘s l`whij`r`j pbth`fo`),gbtt`r`j gmr` tkbf tk` jugl`st ma aheur`s mf tk` gmst blsurj ma trmpkh`s.

Mlvhmusiy ha tkms` hf okbre` omuijf‘t hj`fthay b pbrthohpbft (’Uhii Gr. _kbaa`r pi`bs`r`pmrt tm tk` Omftrmi J`sc ha k`‘s fmt bir`bjy pibyhfe b gbtok=‗), omuijf‘t tìi wk`tk`r k`/sk`

wbs tbichfe, omgpibhfhfe bf brg‘s i`fetk bwby, mr whfjhfe khs puzzi`j wby up bfj jmwf tk`rbgp, mr prbothohfe mf bf biwbys mp`f tbli` mr twm hf tk` jbrc ma tk` Br`fb, mr mut e`tthfe bomij kmt jme hf tk` imlly, wìi, r`biiy, kmw hs tk` pmmr aìimw khgsìa, ufbli` amr tk` jhf ma kufjr`js ma ghiihfe p`mpi` tm k`br khs fbg` obii`j‚bfj tkus kmw, whtkmut obushfe b er`btj`bi ma hii a`ìhfe, obf k` l` jàbuit`j=

Abo`j mf tk` mf` kbfj whtk tk` hfsbf` spòtboi` ma

piby`r bat`r piby`r barbhj tm em mut bfj `bt amr a`br ma amra`hthfekhs gbtok, mr khs vbeuìy r`sok`jui`j gbtok, bfj mf tk` mtk`r whtk maahohbi bat`r maahohbi barbhj tm jàbuit‚tkmuek ht gust

kbv` moourr`j tm tk`g tkbt ht wmuij l` mf` wby ma e`tthfe tk`tmurfbg`ft mv`r whtk‚gmr` bfj gmr` pbrthohpbfts obuekt hfht bii kbj stmrh`s ihc` \by GoJmwìi‘s tm r`pmrt.

Blmut iufokthg` _bturjby, tk` sòmfj jby ma tk`tmurfbg`ft, \by‘s mppmf`ft jm`sf‘t skmw up. M.C.,ufj`rstbfjbli`. Bt 2>:4 \by e`ts wmrj k`‘s wmf ly jàbuit. Bt<> 24 k`‘s obii`j lboc ly tk` imujsp`bc`r syst`g bfj tmij tkbtkhs mppmf`ft kbj l``f pibyhfe bfmtk`r sok`jui`j gbtok bfj smomuijf‘t l` jàbuit`j. \by wmuij kbv` tm piby khg ibt`r.

Ht‘s `xpibhf`j tm \by tkbt, ha k` kbs fm mtk`r gbtok`s, kòbf ma omurs` em lboc tm khs kmtì bfj rìbx. Lut ha k`‘s fmt

lboc bt 0 p.g. tk`y‘ii l` amro`j tm j abuit khg. Zwm bfj b kbia kmurs ibt`r, \by juthauiiy r`turfs, bfj e`ts b surprhs`. Zkmuektk` tmurfbg`ft hs fmw twm jbys mij, khs mppmf`ft kbs f`v`r `v`f okòc`j hf, hs fmt bt tk` tmurfbg`ft.

Ukbt gmr` obf H sby= \-r-r-r-r! Ukbt w`ft mf tkhsw``c`fj bt tkbt Br`fb stbe` bfj hts `fvhrmfs obf mfiy l`j`sorhl`j bs Zk`btr` ma tk` Blsurj. Bt bfy `v`ft, hf mrj`r tm

`fj tkhs prìuj`, bfj e`t mf whtk tk` gbtok`s, i`t g` nust sby tkbt H jmf‘t tkhfc H‘v` `v`r l``f

\by GoJmwìi>

iuocy fmt tm l` jàbuit`j=Tkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



248

tm `v`f tk` gmst prmvhfohbi ma ihtti`-tmwf tmurfbg`fts wk`r` tk`r` wbs i`ss omggufhobthmf l`tw``f tk` piby`rs‚tk` mf`s wkm cf`w wkbt Zbli` Z ffhs wbs bii blmut‚bfj tk` p`mpi`tryhfe tk`hr l`st tm ruf tkhfes‚wkm jhjf‘t. Kmw omuij b r`spmfshli` P_ZZB bwbrj tk` Mp`ftm tkhs Btibftb ermup= @bsy. Zk` BEZZB kbj rò`hv`j fmtkhfe lut prbhs` armg Tr`shj`ft_t``fkmv`f bfj mtk`rs amr hts pr`vhmus imobi àamrts. Lut, wmw, ehv`f b tmurfbg`ft ma tkhs

gbefhtuj`‚?? `v`fts bfj bigmst 044 `ftrh`s‚smg`lmjy armg tk` @.O. sur` skmuij kbv`gbj` b p`rsmfbi hfspòthmf ma tk` sht`.Bism, ht gby kbv` l``f b li`sshfe hf jhseuhs`, lut g`jhb omv`rbe` ma tkhs Mp`f, bs hf

tk` ibst mf` bt J`trmht, wbs fmf-`xhst`ft. Mcibkmgb Ohty prmgmt`r \mf _khri`y sbys (ZZZ ,Nuiy-Bue., 2852, 22), ’H kbv` f`v`r s``f vhj`fo` ma bfy aamrt tm ebhf pulihohty mr f`wsomv`rbe` mrhehfbthfe armg tk` fbthmfbi i`vì. Zk` fbthmfbi mrebfhzbthmf gust pibo` ihtti` vbiu`mf pulihohty bfj puliho rìbthmfs.‗ Khs suee`sthmf> ’H lìh`v` tkbt autur` P._. Mp`f spmfsmrs

skmuij l` r`quhr`j tm prmv` Sbs hf abot Mcibkmgb Ohty obfW tkbt tk`y kbv` tk` mrebfhzbthmf,imobi suppmrt, bfj hfo`fthv` tm e`f`rbt` pulihohty bfj tmurfbg`ft f`ws omv`rbe`. Ha tk`y obf‘t,tk`y skmuijf‘t l` biimw`j tm kmij tk` tmurfbg`ft.‗

P._. Mp`f Lmys/Ehris TibyH‘g emhfe tm lèhf whtk Nàa _gbrt‘s boomuft ma tk` Lmys‘gbtok`s (ZZZ , Gby-Nuf`,

2852, 2<3 2;), tkmuek k`, tmm, kbs smg` prìhghfbry wmrjs tm sby blmut tk` btrmohmus pibyhfeomfjhthmfs>

’…Zk` tbli`s upstbhrs S’Ha tk` omij jhjf‘t e`t ymu hf tk` lbs`g`ft,‗ sbhj Nàa,’tk` k`bt upstbhrs wmuij‗W w`r` mf b sihpp`ry…(wbx`j) aimmr bfj hf sgbii (2: x 5=)`foims`j br`bs. Zk` amur ihekts, wkhok w`r` blmut amur a``t mv`rk`bj, kbj l``f pbhft`j

liboc mf tk` lmttmgs….Hf tk` lbs`g`ft, tk` aimmr wbs sihpp`ry omfor`t` whtk ihtti` rmmg tm tk` shj`s ma tk`

tbli`s. Hf tk` Br`fb, mf tk` gbhf aimmr, tk` ihekthfe bfj tk` spbo` wbs qubiiy pmmr. SZkms`

hf okbre` sbhj tkbt ’tk` luils gby kbv` l``f mij, gby kbv` imst smg` ma tk`hr pmw`r.‗W

Nàa sp`bcs ma tk` Lmys Pfj`r 2? ahfbi l`tw``f Aihft, Ghokhebf‘s Nàa Nbrvìb (2:, <<,

<? s`gh‘s whff`r mv`r Nàa ^bcbrhf) bfj Mcibkmgb Ohty‘s _t`v` Kbggmfj (:-ebg` whff`r mv`r Ghc` _t`rf). ’Lmtk s``g hft`ft mf l`hfe omfshst`ft, bfj, `xo`pt amr b a`w immps bfjjrhv`s, jm fmtkhfe lut pusk. Kbggmfj bpp`brs p`raòtiy obig bfj st`bjy bfj tbc`s tk` ahrstebg` `bshiy. Lut tk`f Nbrvìb lèhfs jrhvhfe bfj whfs tk` f`xt twm.‗ Zk`f ht‘s Kbggmfj‘s turfbebhf, bfj hf tk` 0tk, tk`y‘r` th`j bt 28-bii. Bt wkhok pmhft ’tk` lbii em`s hftm tk` stbfjs bfjjmwf ufj`r tk` s`bts.‗ B f`w lbii hs f``j`j, lut bs bjs br` `xokbfe`j, fm mf` s``gs baaòt`j.

Bat`r Kbggmfj ’ghss`s b s`t-up tm whf,‗ k`‘s bj-jmwf bfj, ’`xpr`sshmfi`ss bs `v`r, trh`s bchii skmt tkbt em`s mut. Nbrvìb hs tk` f`w Pfj`r 2? okbgphmf.‗

Zk`r`‘s hft`r`sthfe omgg`ftbry blmut tkhs <:-<< hf tk` 0tk

ahfbi. F`xt s`bsmf‘s P_ZZB Fmghfbthfe Okbhr \by GoJmwìi (ZZZ , Nuiy-Bue., 2852, 2;) tbc`s Nàa‘s `ftkushbsthoGhokhebf suppmrt`rs tm tbsc amr tk`hr ufspmrtsgbf-ihc` rmmthfe. K` sbys tk`hr lbj gbff`rs‚ ’ok``rhfe imujiy wk`f`v`r b s`rv` wbs ghss`j ly Kbggmfj, mr wk`f b ‛kbfe`r‘ w`ft

bstrby‗‚bih`fbt`j tk` gbnmrhty ma tk` spòtbtmrs wkm tk`f lèbf rmmthfe amr Kbggmfj,’ok``rhfe amr ghss`s ly Nbrvìb!‗ \hjhouimus!

Ghokhebf‘s Lhii I`sf`r omuft`rs (ZZZ , _`pt.-Mot., 2852, 25) tkbt ht ’wbs fmt tk`Ghokhebf nufhmrs wkm stbrt`j ok``rhfe sm lmhst`rmusiy amr _t`v` Kbggmfj‘s ghstbc`s, lut



224

rbtk`r nust tk` mtk`r wby brmufj. Ht wbs _t`v`‘st`bggbt`s wkm gbj` us sm gbj ly tk`hr omfstbft

bppibujhfe ma Nàa Nbrvìb‘s ghstbc`s.‗ I`sf`r sbwtk` Ghokhebf rmmt`rs bs skmwhfe b guok f``j`jbfj tm l` bppibuj`j Z`bg _phrht.

Mcibkmgb Ohty pbrthsbf\mf _khri`y hft`rvh`w`j Nbrvìbbat`r k`‘j wmf (ZZZ , Nuiy-Bue.,

2852, 2;) bfj lèbf lybjghtthfe k` mrhehfbiiy tkmuektNàa wbs b ’skmwlmbt‗ bfj p`rkbps wbs ibochfe hf emmjspmrtsgbfskhp. ’Nàa e`ts xoht`j

jurhfe b gbtok bfj ihc`s tmskmw khs `gmthmfs bfj tbic tmkhgsìa‚ok``r khgsìa mf. Ht‘s fmt ufusubi amr khgtm skmw ei`` upmf e`tthfe bf `je` lbii mr upmfs``hfe khs mppmf`ft s`rv` hftm tk` f`t.‗ \mf sbys Nàa ’kbs tm i`t em bfj skmw `xoht`g`ft hf mrj`r tm whf,rèbrji`ss ma wkbt ht immcs ihc` tm tk` spòtbtmrs.‗

Kmw`v`r, sbys \mf, k` okbfe`j khs ghfjblmut Nàa‚amufj k` wbs bism ’gmj`st,‗ tkbt k`’prbhs`j khs ombok bfj mtk`rs wkm kbv` kìp`jkhg,‗ bfj bocfmwi`je`j khs mppmf`ft _t`v`‘s

piby bs ’abftbstho.‗ Nàa wbs prmuj tkbt k` lrmuektAihft hts ahrst Fbthmfbi Zbli` Z ffhs Okbgphmfskhp,

bfj `xpr`ss`j erbthtuj` tm _bg Q`hii`tt` amr boihfho k`‘j btt`fj`j, bfj pmhft`j mut tkbt nust ibstw``c _bg kbj ehv`f khg b kìpaui thp rèbrjhfekhs amr`kbfj amiimw tkrmuek. \mf omfoiuj`s lytìihfe Nàa tkbt ’k` wbs mf` ma tk` fho`st,arh`fjih`st piby`rs H kbj g`t bt tkhs tmurfbg`ft.‗

Nàa Nbrvìb (I) l`bts _t`v` Kbggmfj amr tk` 2852 P._. Mp`f Lmys‘ Pfj`r 2? thti`.Tkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf

_t`v` Kbggmfj> K`‘s

p`raòtiy obig bfj st`bjy3

ht‘s tk` mtk`r euy wkm‘s tk`

’skmwlmbt‗Tkmtm ly Nmkffy Gìtmf

\mf _khri`y



222

Hf tk` Lmys Pfj`r 20 ahfbi, Nmkf Ruhoc jà`bts Ghc`Q`hii`tt`, wkmg _gbrt sbys hf tkhs gbtok obf‘t kht amr`kbfjsmr lbockbfjs omfshst`ftiy. Kmw`v`r, ht‘s Ruhoc‘s <4, -2:, 2<,-28, 28 s`gh‘s gbtok whtk Tbui \bpkì tkbt Nàa wbfts tmstr`ss. Nmkf tbc`s tk` 2st wk`f armg 28-bii k` whfs tk` c`y

gmg`ftug pmhft> ’Nmkf chiis, Tbui omuft`rs, bfj Nmkf chiistkbt.‗ Kmw`v`r, Tbui khgsìa, ’whtk khs imfe, swmmphfe phgpi`j rull`r sibp strmc`,‗ obf chii wìi, bfj bat`r b kbrj<4-28 immp em`s hf, tk`y‘r` hftm tk` 0tk. ’Jmwf <4-28, Tbui pusk`s, TP_K@_ amr bt i`bst twm ghfut s ufthi ahfbiiy kèm`s amr b immp bfj hs imfe. Zhti` tm Ruhoc wkmg Nàa sbysk`‘s f`v`r s``f piby l`tt`r.

Hf tk` Lmys Pfj`r 25, Z`xbs iàty Oòhi Cmst r`bok`stk` ahfbi ly jà`bthfe \bpkì bfj tk`f Ruhoc hf :. K` limocsNmkf‘s immps sm k` obf‘t chii, bfj somr`s khgsìa ly immphfehftm Nmkf‘s ghjji`. I`sf`r bism e`ts tm tk` ahfbi, lut kbs tm

em 0 whtk \by Euhii`f, tk`f : whtk Lhii bt`c, bfj hf tk`s`gh‘s ahfjs khgsìa jmwf <-4 tm Jbffy _``ghii`r làmr`

rbiiyhfe amr tk` whf. Nmkf \`bj, wbtokhfe, hs orhthobi fmt ma I`sf`r lut I`sf`r‘s suppmrt`rs amr tk`hr oims`-tm-tk`-omurt ’yìis, ok``rs amr `rrmrs, imujombokhfe jurhfe pmhfts, ufchfj omgg`fts, to.‗

Hf tk` Cmst-I`sf`r ahfbi, piby`j hf, bs _gbrt sbys, bt i`bst;0-jèr`` k`bt, Lhii usubiiy ’gbc`s tk` chiis‗ bfj Oòhi ’tk` limocsbfj omuft`rs.‗ I`sf`r‘s fj-ebg` beer`sshv`f`ss ehv`s khg tk` sihekt

28-hf-tk`-:tk je`‚bfj k`‘s tk` f`w P._. Nufhmr Okbgp. Ukhok prmlbliy ehv`s khs jbj, Jhoc, gmr` hgp tus tm prmgmt` tk` sbi ma

P_ZZB lbje`s bfj jòbis tm rbhs`

gmf`y amr tk` P._. Nufhmrs‘ upomghfetrhp tm tk` @feihsk Nufhmr Mp`f.

Zk` Lmys Pfj`r 25 B wbs

wmf ly \hokbrj Z rry rbtk`r bshiymv`r Gburho` Kuft`r. L`st gbtok`sw`r Z`rry‘s s`gh‘s vhotmry mv`r Zhggy Kmus , bfj Mttbvhm Thffìi‘s 0-ebg` qubrt`r‘s whf mv`r \by Euhii`f.

Lmys Jmuli`s r`suits> P-2?‘s>

Kmus`/^bcbrhf mv`r \ml`rt Fmok`fsmf/Ghc` _t`rf, 28 hf tk` ?rj.

P-20‘s> Kuft`r/Q`hii`tt mv`r Fmok`fsmf/_t rf ‟25, 28, 2< hf tk`s`gh‘s bfj Ruhoc/\hoc \ugli` hf tkàhfbi. P-25‘s> ibst y`br‘s ruff`r-ups w`r` bigmst tkhs y`br‘s> I`sf`r/

_gbrt mv`r Fmrgbf L`kyg`r/J`ffhs Orbwamrj, -<4, <4, 21. P-25B‘s> Bfjy Bfvìt/_t`v Cbzbc mv`r Lmw`f Obijwìi/Lml Eìihf.

Hf tk` Ehris Pfj`r 2?‘s (fm `ftry a``), L`v K`ss, hfwhffhfe ?-4, c`pt ruff`r-up Z`r`sb Ghii`r ufj`r jmuli` aheur`s.

Nmkf Ruhoc> 2852 P._. Mp`f Lmys

Pfj`r 20 OkbgphmfTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf

Lhii I`sf`r, 2852 P._. Mp`f

Nufhmr OkbgphmfTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf

L`v K`ss, 2852 P._. Mp`f

Ehris Pfj`r 2? OkbgphmfTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



22<

Ehris Pfj`r 20 w`ft tm Nujy Lmok`fsch mv`r Bfeh`\msbi hf strbhekt ebg`s.

Ehris Pfj`r 25 w`ft fmt tm Nujy Lmok`fsch, bs Zmphos

`rrmf`musiy kbj ht, lut tm Mieb _mit`sz wkm wrmt` b omrròthfeI`tt`r tm tk` @jhtmr. Mieb l`bt Nujy hf :, bfj sm r`hfamro`j k`r

sìòthmf bs b r`pibo`g`ft mf tk` P._. Z`bg tm tk` FbemybUmrij‘s.Ehris P-25 Jmuli`s> Lmok`fsch/N`bf Qbrc`r mv`r

_mit`sz/@ish` _phffhfe.@v`fts amr Ehris kìj ibst y`br lut fmt tkhs y`br> Ehris

25 B, Nufhmr Ghx`j Jmuli`s, bfj B Ghx`j Jmuli`s.

Umg`f‘s Tiby

Zkhs P._. Mp`f Umg`f‘s piby hs whj`-mp`f, amr tkmsòmfsphoumusiy bls`ft br` tk` jhseust`j P._. #2 Hr`f` Meus,ufbli` tm tbc` k`r rhektaui pibo` mf tk` P._. Umrij Z`bg amr

iboc ma aufjs3 tk` gbrrh`j P._. #< Tbtty Gbrthf`z Obsk3 bfjtk` Jà`fjhfe Okbgphmf Qhmi`ttb F`sucbhths wkm‘s bir`bjy

j`pbrt`j whtk tk` r`st ma tk` Obfbjhbf Z`bg amr tk` Umrij‘s‚vhb tk` ahrst Omggmfw`bitkEbg`s hf _hfebpmr`.

_m tkbt i`bv`s‚mk, mk, b prmli`g. K`r`, H tkhfc, hs wkbt moourr`j. Kbi Er``f, Biho`‘sabtk`r, sbys k` sbw tk` Jrbw iyhfe mf b j`sc làmr` ht wbs pmst`j. ’Jmf‘t pmst ht,‗ k` wbrfs.’H wbft tm rèhst`r b prmt`st!‗ Lut smg` uffbg`j p`rsmf jm`s fmt k`br mr k``j tkhs omufsìbfj jm`s pmst tk` Jrbw‚wkhok, f``ji`ss tm sby, pbhrhfe hf tk` s`gh‘s, bs ht jm`s, P._. #?

U`fjy Khocs bfj P._. #: Biho` Er``f, bfj P._. #0 Omffh` _w``rhs whtk ufrbt`j @bst`rfMp`f whff`r Tbt Khij`lrbfj, hs fmt abvmrbli` tm Biho`.

Kbi obrrh`s khs obs` tm tk` khek`r omurt ma tk` \bfchfe Omgghtt``‚bfj tk`y bjght b

ghstbc` kbs l``f gbj` hf tk` Jrbw. _m whii H bfj fmuek mtk`r @.O. g`gl`rs ber`` tkbt tk` Jrbwskmuij l` okbfe`j= Zk` bfsw`r hs X s, bfj tk` Jrbw hs okbfe`j. Zkhs whii r`suit hf b I`tt`r tm

Zmphos armg Khij`lrbfj wkm breu`s tkbt tk` Jrbw, mfo` gbj`, skmuijf‘t kbv` l``f okbfe`j. Trm

bfj omf vh`ws br` bhr`j. Ahfbiiy b omgprmghs` hs v`ftubiiy wmrc`j mut‚tk` amur s`ghahfbihsts whii piby b rmufj rmlhf. Uk r`bs làmr` Tbt sbhj sk` ’sbw tk` pmsshlhihty ma whffhfe tk` tmurfbg`ft,‗fmw, hf bjjhthmf tm pibyhfe hf tk` qubrt`r‘s Lbrlbrb Cbghfscy wkmg sk` l`bt bt tk` @bst`rf‘s, sk`wmuij, ha sk` emt ly Lbrlbrb, ihcìy bism kbv` tm piby fmt twm lut tkr`` tmp s``js. Zkhs wbs b psyokho limw armg wkhok sk` omuijf‘t ròmv r, bfj sk` wbs l`bt`f ly Lbrlbrlb 2<, 2<, bfj 5.

Omffh`, kbfjs up hf `xbsp`rbthmf (wkbt b emmj Jrbw tk`y w`r` tbchfe bwby armg k`r),

amr b gmg`ft hsf‘t sur` ha sk` wbfts tm l` pbrt ma tkhs kmpì`ssiy omrrupt `v`ft. Lut piby sk`jm`s, bfj bjvbfo`s ly Lbrlbrb hf strbhekt ebg`s. @v`rymf` s``g`j rìuotbft tm piby U`fjy

Khocs, lut k`r bjvbfo` tm tk` s`gh‘s wbs quht` p`rhimus. Bttbochfe wìi, Nujy Lmok`fsch kbjk`r jmwf 8-1 hf tk` 0tk. Lut bat`r oimshfe tm 2?-bii, U`fjy whfes hf : gbtok-turfhfe whff`rsbfj oims`s Nujy mut bt 20.

Bebhfst Er``f, _w``rhs hs <4-25 up hf tk` 2st, lut tk`f, whtk tk` kìp ma b f`t lbii, Biho`

jùo`s ht. Lut tkmuek Omffh` pusk`s twm hftm tk` f`t, Biho` sthii obf‘t whf tk` ebg`. Bat`r tbchfe tk` <fj, Er``f, hfst`bj ma kbvhfe b omggbfjhfe <-up i`bj, kbs nust jrbwf v`f.…Jmwf<-2, Biho` trh`s phochfe tm Omffh`‘s amr`kbfj‚mfiy tm ahfj Omffh` tk`r` bfj omuft`rhfe. Zkhs,bfj Omffh`‘s mwf phoc‚maa Biho`‘s pusk`s tm k`r lbockbfj‚prmv` jòhshv`.

Mieb _mit`sz, 2852 P._. Mp`f

Nufhmr Ghss Okbgphmf




22?

Er``f bism ims`s k`r gbtok tm Khocs hf :. Hf tk` ahrst twmebg`s, Biho` r`turfs tk` lbii j``p bfj U`fjy lbfes ht hf. Lut hftk` ?rj ebg`, Biho`, mr Kbi, ahfjs tk` pbtt`rf ma r`turfhfe tk` skmrts`rv` skmrt. Bfj fmw, `spòhbiiy bat`r imshfe tk` ? rj ebg`, U`fjykbs tm pusk, wbht pbth`ftiy amr l`tt`r lbiis, ufi`ss sk` wbfts tm try

tm kht hf rbtk`r j`sp`rbt` skmts. Hf tk` :

tk

, Biho`, jmwf <4-28gbtok pmhft, hs gbfùv`rhfe wìi amr b okbfo` tm kht hf wk`fU`fjy e`ts b f`t tm `fj tk` gbtok.

J`spht` Kbi‘s hft`rv`fthmf hf okbfehfe tk` Jrbw, Biho`bism ims`s hf : tm Cbghfscy wkmg Khocs l`bts ?-4. H obf‘t kìp lut wmfj`r ha Biho` kbj jòhj`j tm em tm tk` Umrij‘s wk`tk`r tk`mutomg` ma k`r gbtok`s k`r` ghekt kbv` l``f jhaa`r ft.

Zk` Mp`f Okbgphmf, tk`f, whii l` U`fjy mr Omffh`. P._.Z`bg Obptbhf Nboc Kmwbrj, wkm‘s l``f U`fjy‘s Ombok, hshfaiu`fo`j ly smg`mf` wkm tkhfcs ht uflòmghfe ma khg tmmlvhmusiy tbc` shj`s bebhfst mf` ma khs Z`bg g`gl`rs. Nboc whii

ibt`r rèr`t khs jòhshmf fmt tm kìp U`fjy tkhs gbtok. Hf tk` 2st

,Omffh`, erbfjiy, rbphjiy, hs up 2?-0. Bfj…jmwf 2;-2?! Kmw hs ht

pmsshli`, bt tkhs i`vì, tm ims` 2? hf b rmw= Hf tk` <fj, Omffh`bebhf r`bok`s 2? làmr` k`r mppmf`ft, lut tkhs thg` puiis bwby tm whf `bshiy. Bt 21-bii hf tk`?rj, Khocs abhis tm r`turf twm s`rv`s. Jmwf 2;-25, sk` trh`s tm kht hf tk` ahrst lbii, ghss`s. Jmwf28-2;, sk` bebhf trh`s tm kht hf tk` ahrst lbii. Ukbt‘s tk` kurry= (_k` obf‘t biimw Omffh` tk`mppmrtufhty tm bttboc=) Lut ht em`s hf‚28-bii….Jùo`. Ht tbc`s _w``rhs amur bjs làmr` skòbf tbc` b <-2 i`bj.

Biho` Er``f> jhj Kbi kìp=Tkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf

Omffh` (I) vs. U`fjy>

tmuek gbtok tm whf, mr ims`Tkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



22:

Hf tk` :tk, Khocs hs up 28-2; bfj e`ts b kbrj-kht amr`kbfj tkrmuek3 ht‘s `fmuek tm whf.Mf hftm tk` 0tk. Omffh`, pibyhfe v`ry beer`sshvìy, hs up 0-4, ;-<. Lut U`fjy phocs up 0 hf brmw. Zk`f abiis 20-8 l`khfj. Mfiy fmw, uflìh`vbliy, bs hf tk` 2st ebg`, _w``rhs em`s hftm baufc‚obf‘t r`turf 2-<-?-: s`rv`s, mf` bat`r tk` mtk`r. Bfj U`fjy whfs 5 strbhekt!…LutOmffh` rèrmups. _k`‘s l``f tbchfe U`fjy‘s sphf tm tk` amr`kbfj v`ry wìi‚lut ma omurs`

Jìi‘s l``f sphffhfe bt k`r amr gmftks. _trbfe`, _w``rhs hs fmw up <4-25‚P._. Mp`f-pmhft.Orboc! U`fjy somr`s> <4-2;. Zk`f b imfe, v`ry kbrj-amuekt `xokbfe`> <4-28. Bfjfmw _w``rhs pusk`s Khocs‘s s`rv` hftm tk` f`t> <4-<4. Omffh` s`rv`s‚bfj U`fjy pusk`s hftmtk` f`t. Zwm bjs amiimw amr Omffh`. Ahrst, U`fjy e`ts tk` lbii ly k`r tm th` ht up. Zk`f b lbockbfj em`s hf amr Omffh`, lut sk` bebhf ghss`s U`fjy‘s s`rv`. Mfo` gmr` _w``rhs tbc`stk` i`bj. Hf lmtk tk` oims` ?rj ebg` bfj hf tkhs mf`, Omffh` kbs kbj tk` bj `v`ry shfei` thg`. Fmw U`fjy kbs k`r ibst okbfo`‚sk` swhfes, ghss s. Omffh` tkrmws up k`r kbfjs. Zk` ormwj

`rupts hftm b stbfjhfe mvbthmf‚ht‘s tk` gmst bppibus` H‘v` v`r k`brj ehv`f b P._. wmg`f‘s gbtok.

Aìimw Obihamrfhbf Kmwh` Ermssgbf omg`s mv`r,

pibys tk` ebiibft. K` kmijs up U`fjy‘s kbfj. Bfj, r`ghfjhfeg` ma tkbt U`fjy hf @feihsk stmrylmmc imr`, sk` v`ry pr`tthiysghi`s.

Umg`f‘s L‘s w`ft tm [ubf A`reusmf (bat`r l`hfe

jmwf <-4) mv`r E`rbijhf` Cbrluicb. Umg`f‘s L Jmuli`s tmImhs Lrbzjb/Cbrluicb mv`r Gìlb Gbrthf/_khri`y Nmrjbf.Zkhs y`br, bs mppms`j tm ibst, tk`r` wbs fm _`fhmr Umg`f‘s`v`ft.

Omffh` whfs tk` 2852 P._.

Mp`f Umg`f‘s Okbgph-

mfskhp armg U`fjyTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf

[ubf A`reusmf, P._.

Mp`f Umg`f‘s

L Okbgp



220

Jmuli`s whfs whtk Omffh`br` mij kbt‚lut tkhs ahrst Fbthmfbi_hfei`s Okbgphmfskhp whii ehv` k`r tk` trhpi` ormwf. _k`‘s tkÙmg`f‘s Jmuli`s whff`r whtk

Khocs mv`r Cbghfscy/_mit`sz, bfjsk` bfj Jìi br` blmut tm jmwf J-N bfj U`fjy hf tk` lìbt`j Ghx`j,

tk` ?rj

_ufjby ahfbi lmtk wmg`fkbv` l``f hf.

G`f‘s Tiby

Làmr` H phoc up tk`bjvbfo`jG`f‘s _hfei`s piby, H‘ii

hfoiuj` k`r`tk` r`suits ma

tkms` `v`fts Hkbv`f‘t ehv`f omv`rbe` tm. Oibss B> Nhg Jhxmf hf : mv`r T`t`r Emrjmf_t`pk`fs wkm‘j `brih`r libfc`j J`fhs M‘Omffìi. Oibss L> N`rry Tiylmf,jùo` hf tk` :tk mv`r Jmf Lrbzìi. Oibss O> Kuek Lbxi`y 2; hf tk` 0tk mv`r

C`f Amst`r. G`f‘s Omfsmibthmf> Kmg`r Lrmwf mv`r Tiylmf. Uk`ìokbhr `v`fts w`r` kìj ibst y`br lut fmt tkhs y`br. B Jmuli`s> Kmwh` Ermssgbf/Gbrc \bjmg mv`r M‘Omffìi/\by Euhii`f. L Jmuli`s> _t`pk`fs/Jbv`Tkhihp mv`r J`ffhs Orbwamrj/Fmrgbf L`kyg`r. O Jmuli`s> Lbxi`y/Jmo

Omffh`/Jìi> b l`tt`r pbrtf`rskhp


Omffh`/U`fjy>

whffhfe hs APF!Tkmtm ly Gbi

Bfj`rsmf

Kuek Lbxi`y, P._.

Mp`f Oibss O Uhff`r



221

Zbui (’ai`w up bfj lboc hf khs mwf prhvbt` s`v`f pbss`fe`r gmfmpibf`‗) mv`r Ibfo` \ms`gmr`/Lmwh` Gbrthf.

Mv`r 14‘s (fm `ftry a``)> amrg`r Umrij Jmuli`sOkbgphmf _bfjmr Eibfoz mv`r T`ro _òmrj. (Hf b Gbr. <0tk

i`tt`r tm \utk Bbrmfs, khs amrg`r `xkhlhthmf pbrtf`r hf stbe`bfj fhektoiul p`ramrgbfo`s, _bfjmr sbhj k` bism wmf tkr``0-ebg` gbtok`s hf tk` 04‘s, bfj tkbt ’Amr jbys `v`ry lmf`hf gy lmjy bok`j,‗ lut tkbt ’ht aìt emmj tm e`t lboc hftm

tk` str`bg ma tkhfes b ihtti` lht.‗ Bs amr T`ro, cfmw kmwk`‘s wmf gbyl` <4 Tmfthbo Ohty Okbgphmfskhps= K` c``ps

b tbli` bt tk` r`br ma khs lbrl`rskmp bfj st`bjhiy sobipsgbfy b arh`fjiy oustmg`r.

Mv`r 04‘s> amrg`r ?-thg` Umrij _hfei`s ahfbihstIbszim ’Iboh‗ Lìibc mv`r Gbx Gbrhfcm hf tk` s`gh‘s bfj

Arbfc Zkbrbijsmf hf tk` ahfbi. (Eibfoz tmij Bbrmfs k` bfjIboh w`r` bsc`j tm put mf bf `xkhlhthmf, bfj, bs Lìibc sbhj, ’w` lrmuekt tk` kmus` jmwf.‗) Mv`r :4‘s> Gbrhfcmmv`r Lìibc hf tk` s`gh‘s bfj Kbrry J`sokbgps hf tk` ahfbi.

T`ro _òmrj‘s Tmfthbo, GH lbrl`rskmp bfj

lbocrmmg ’Thfe-Tmfe @gpmrhug‗Tkmtm ly Nmkf _`btmr, Tmfthbo Jbhiy Tr`ss

_bfjmr Eibfoz> `v`ry lmf` hf

khs lmjy bok`jTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



225

Mv`r :4 L‘s> Lhii G`szbrms mv`r Nby@vbfs hf 0 hf tk` s`gh‘s bfj Lml Aimw`rs hf tkàhfbi. (Lhii, Jhròtmr ma \bjhmimey bt tk` HiihfmhsGbsmfho G`jhobi O`ft`r hf Okhobem, hs wìicfmwf amr khs lmmc Obrjhbo \m`fte`fmimey

tkbt j`bis whtk kmw tm hgprmv` tk` boourboy ma tk` x-rby xbg hf k`brt-jhs`bs` pbth`fts.) Mv`r 04 Jmuli`s> Nhg Q`rtb/_mi _okhaa mv`r ImuOmbt`s/@vbfs. Mv`r :4 Jmuli`s> L`rfh` Luch`t/G`szbrms mv`r Gbrhfcm/Lìibc. Mv`r :4 LJmuli`s> Zmfy Qbsqu`z/Hrv I`vhf` mv`r tk`Lbrrus lrmtk`rs.

Zm lèhf gy wrht`-up ma tk` G`f‘s, Hfmt` tkbt hf tk` ;tk‘s _bf Jhèm‘s Gbrc Bjìgbf kbj _w``rhs jmwf <-4 bfjstbee`rhfe brmufj bt jùo` hf tk` ?rj, lut

omuijf‘t cfmoc khg mut. Gbrc‘s 0tk

lbiibttboc pbtt`rf ebv` Jìi trmuli`> Gbrc

s`rv`j, immp`j tk` r`turf, bfj tk`f wk`fJìi pbsshvìy limoc`j lboc, Gbrc hfvbrhbliychii`j ht. _w``rhs sobp`j lòbus` hf tk` 0tk

Bjìgbf wbs pibohfe khs okmp s`rv`s j``p,`fblihfe Jìi tm sphf tk` lbii lboc, wk`r`bsGbrc skmuij kbv` s`rv`j skmrt, bs k` jhj tk`

mp`fhfe ebg`s, bfj immp`j tk` r`turfs. Jìigby bism kbv` l``f gmr` ’jmwf‗ tkbf ’up‗omfshj`rhfe tkbt Omffh`‘s emhfe tm tk`

Umrij‘s bfj k`‘s fmt. (’U` brrhv` hf Zmcym,‗sbhj Omffh`, ’tk` jby ma Jìi‘s bfj gybffhv`rsbry‗).

Jìi‘s f`xt mppmf`ft wbs @rrmi\`s`c (wkm wbs spmrthfe b f`w nboc`t whtkkhs Ok`ghobi Lbfc gpimy`r‘s fbg`’OK@G LBFC‗ skmrt`f`j tm aht mf tk` nboc`t‘s lboc). _w``rhs, j spht` `v`fhfe tk`gbtok bt 2-bii, obf‘t tkrmw `fmuek pufok`s

tm whf mf pmhfts. \`s`c, kbvhfe kbj khs ups bfj jmwfs whtk N`rry Cbrluicb (whf mf` bt 0, ims`mf` bt <<), hsf‘t strmchfe mut kbrj, hs nust st`bjhiy puskhfe, lut Jìi hsf‘t khtthfe kbrj `htk`r, hs

sphffhfe. _m @rrmi kbs fm jhaahouity hf nust limochfe tk` lbii tm Jìi‘s mp`f amr`kbfj bfj khtthfe hf.Hf tkhs sbg` shj` ma tk` Jrbw, Lhii I`sf`r i`bjs Bi`x _khrmcy <-4 bfj 5-? hf tk` ?rj. Lut

tk`f wk`f _khrmcy stbrts i`bphfe bfj immphfe, Lhii stbrts pr`sshfe bfj ghsshfe. Jmwf hf tk` 0 tk,Lhii wkm, wk`f k`‘s fmt khtthfe tkmusbfjs ma lbiis bebhfst b lmbrj, phtok`s amr b lbs`lbii t`bg,

immcs ufst`bjy mut tk`r`. Lut gbfbe`r _w``rhs sujj`fiy bpp`brs hf vh`w bs ha armg b juemut,bfj Lhii e`ts khs k`bj tme`tk`r amr 8 hf b rmw! Amr tk` r`gbhfhfe hffhfes, tk` shj`‘s r`thr`j= Fmt quht` y`t‚lut tk`f Bi`x strhc`s mut swhfehfe, bfj I`sf`r‘s f`xt bwby gbtok-up hs bebhfstJ-N I``, wkmg k` jm`s fmt l`bt.

Lhii G`szbrmsTkmtm ly Lhii _okìt`gb

Tmmr Jìi - sm jmwf. Kmw whii k` gbfbe` whtkmut Omffh`=Tkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



22;

Nhg Ibzbrususubiiy pibys wìibebhfst Z`bgObptbhf Kmwbrj‘ssphf ebg`. Lut tkhs

gbtok Nboc hsf‘tsphffhfe, k`‘ssmochfe hf whff`rs.Zkhs lrhfes khg tmJ-N wkm k`‘j imsttk` 281; P._. Mp`fahfbi tm. Jmwf <-4

bfj 2:-? hf tk` ?rj,Nboc k`brs bf hrmfhovmho` rhfe mut,’I`t‘s em, Nboc!‗ B

erhg fmj, bfj pibyomfthfu`s….Pp 28-?, I`` obtok`s tk` lbii whtk khs k`bj. Nboc bscs ugphr` Gbi Bfj`rsmf,

’Ukm‘s bk`bj=‗ ’Bk`bj‗= Ha tkbt‘s b puf, ht‘s fm l`tt`r tkbf tk` gbtok. I`t‘s em tm tk` mtk`r shj` ma tk` Jrbw.

Bfj wkm‘s tk`r` lut Lbrfb Bwbrj whff`r Lmeebf wkm‘s bii `xoht`j‚kbs nust wmf tk`2st ebg` bt jùo` armg Ei`ff Omwbf. Lut tkmuek k`‘s up 0-4 hf tk` < fj, bfj 5-< hf tk` ?rj, k`wmf‘t whf bfmtk`r. Omwbf tk`f gmv`s mf tm Trbjht, wkm l`bts khg ?-4. ’Zkbt aimmr!‗ sbysEi`ff. ’H‘j s`rv` bfj try tm immp kbrj bfj H‘j abii jmwf. Bfj tkbt ahrst ebg`, wk`f w` imst tk`

lbii ufj`r tk` stbfjs bfj wbft`j bfmtk`r, tk`y wmuijf‘t ehv` us mf`. _mg`lmjy ahfbiiy emt tk` lbii mut bfj ht kbj smg` chfj ma syrupy emmc bii mv`r ht. Lut tk` r`biiy jhseusthfe pbrt,‗omfthfu`s Ei`ff, ’hs tkbt gy ebg` hs bs emmj bs Trbjht‘s. H nust omuijf‘t e`t tk` lbii hf, H jmf‘t

cfmw wky.‗T`t`r‘j kbj b v`ry jhaahouit thg` hf tk` ;tk‘s whtk Luaabim‘s Jmuli` B lbiipiby`r Nhg

Jhxmf, wkms` bfei`j-maa khtthfe tk` rmufj làmr` kbj gmr` tkbf mfo` s`ft tk` imllhfe Nm`

_mcmimaa k`bj ahrst hftm tk` mutahìj li`bok`rs. Làmr` `xokbfe` stuj`ft Gbfar`j Nbkf ma U`stE`rgbfy brrhv`j, Nhg kbj tm jrhv` tk` 244 ghi`s tm Zmrmftm tm prbotho` whtk smg`lmjy, gbylÙbii mr Gbrhfcm. Fmw k` wbs ihfhfe amr`kbfjs bebhfst Trbjht hf smg` JhGbeehm-ihcòmfsòuthv` khtthfe str`bc‚hs up <-2. Lut tk`f Trbjht sujj`fiy amufj nust tk` rhekt pibo` tm pmshthmf khgsìa. Bfj tk`f w`ft tm lbt khgsìa. Kbj, bs ht w`r`, quht` b s rh`s. Lèbf bfeihfe lbiis maa tm Jhxmf‘s lbockbfj, bfeihfe tk`g skmrt tm khs amr`kbfj bfj omuft`rhfe `v`rytkhfe

abst-phtok`j tm khg. _m wkbt obf H sby= Nhg‘s bii-brmufj piby wbs gbrvìmus, lut k` jhjf‘t whf.Ukm ìs` hs hf tk` qubrt`r‘s k`r`= Amur-thg` Okbgp @rwhf Ci`hf= Zk`‘18 bfj ‘54

ahfbihst Nmkf Zbff`khii= Fmp`. @rwhf, jmwf <4-21 hf tk` 2st

tm Lrbtkwbht`, e`ts tm jùo`, tk`fims`s <5-<0. Zkbt tkhs hs b v`ry lhe swhfe ebg` hs mlvhmus hf tk` 0tk. E`mre` hs jmwf 24-5 bat`r k`‘j l``f tryhfe tm gmv` brmufj tm tmpsphf khs amr`kbfj gmr`, lut @rwhf kbj l``f omftrmiihfetk` lbii wìi bfj jàiòthfe ht lboc tm E`mre`‘s amr`kbfj wk`r` k` wbs imshfe pmhfts hf kbvhfe

tm r`bok amr ht. Lut fmw Ci`hf abhis tm r`turf twm s`rv`s bfj Lrbtkwbht` lrhfes ht tm 24-bii. Bt2?-bii Zk` Okhà amr tk` ahrst thg` lèhfs sihohfe lbockbfj s`rv`s hftm tk` ghjji` ma tk` tbli`bfj @rwhf, jòhjhfe tm try bfj rmii tk`g, ghss`s mf` bat`r bfmtk`r. Ahfbi somr`> Lrbtkwbht` <2,Ci`hf 20.

Zhg Lmeebf rò`hv`s

2852 Lbrfb Bwbrj armg

Nhggy GoOiur`Tkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



228

Zbff`khiijm`sf‘t bpp`br tmmjhsturl`j blmuti`bvhfe khs rboc`t hfAimrhjb. Lut skmuijf‘t

k` kbv` l``f= Ubsf‘tk` tk` mf` `v`rymf`tkmuekt kbj tk` l`stokbfo` tm l`bt J-N=Bfywby, tkmuek ibt`r, làmr` i`bvhfe Btibftb,k` omuij ahfj mfiy mf`

ma b pbhr ma skm`s k`kbj, k` sbhj k` wbs l`hfe obràui…blmutwkbt k` bt`. Ubsf‘t

hftm gbormlhmthoammj‚lut o`rtbhfiy fm

Zbat Kbii kmt jmes amr khg, fmt `v`f ha tk`y w`r` kmt. Fmtkhfe bt bii armg ’bfy chfj ma omgg`rohbi simp nmhft.‗ K`‘j out maa khs imfe kbhr, wkhok biimw`j g` tm s`` smg`tkhfe gmfchskblmut khg. K` wbft`j tm tbic k`bvy. Ubs tkhfchfe ma gbchfe b trbfsa`r‚wmuij gbyl` i`bv`tk` P ma Ohfohffbth, tk` rmlmt hf khs jmrg, bfj em tm Mkhm _tbt` wk`r` tk`y w`r` gmr` ihl`rbi.’Bg H hftm g`jhtbthmf=‗ k` r`spmfjs, tryhfe tm r`bjy khgsìa tm bfsw`r gy qu`sthmf> ’Fm. Gyrìhehmf hs prmlbliy…Iha`‚wkbt`v`r tkbt hs.‗

Bs Zbff`khii‘s ;tk‘s gbtok e`ts ufj`rwby whtk tk` beì`ss Luch`t, Nmkf hs j``piyjhsturl`j. Zk` bgbtùr ugphr` hs obiihfe tk` somr` wrmfe…hf Luch`t‘s abvmr. L`rfh` hsf‘twbhthfe, hs s`rvhfe. Nmkf obtok`s tk` lbii, wbfts tm gbc` b omrròthmf. Zk` ugphr` bwbrjs

bfmtk`r pmhft tm Luch`t. L`rfh` obf‘t wbht tm s`rv` bebhf. K` cfmws bii blmut tk` strueei` amr survhvbi. Jm`sf‘t wbft tm ups`t Jbrwhfhbf ibw.

Nmkf, tkmuek, jm`sf‘t ufj`rstbfj wkbt‘s kbpp`fhfe. K` obf‘t omfo`ftrbt`. Fm, k` obf‘t

kbv` bfmtk`r ugphr`. X`s, k` obf kbv` bfmtk`r ugphr`‚sk` whii c``p tk` tbiiy mf pbp`r amr tk` ahrst ugphr` wkm whii obii tk` somr`. Bfj fmw 0-24 sòmfjs em ly làmr` `bok s`rvho` wkhi`tk` ahrst ugphr` immcs bt tk` sòmfj ugphr`‘s tbiiy. X`s, bii rhekt, bii‘s omrròt.

Nmkf hs jmwf <-2 bfj jmwf 28-2? hf tk` :tk. K` whfs 0 hf b rmw tm gbc` ht 28-2;‚ tk`f bebhf kbs wmrjs. Jm`s Nmkf wbft tm whf tk` ebg`, mr wr`bc khs rhekt`mus hfjhefbthmf mftk` ugphr`= Ht gby l` k` obf‘t jm lmtk. L`rfh`, ma omurs`, hs shfei`-ghfj`j. K` cfmws k` gust

survhv`, gust whf. Bfj jm`s. Nmkf‘s r`bothmf hs tk` sbg` bs wk`f Jbffy Qèk l`bt khg hf khsOi`vìbfj @gpmrhug. K` omg`s maa tk` tbli` smllhfe. K` kbs b imt tm i`t mut. Trhvbtìy.

_m i`t‘s sthoc whtk Luch`t bs k` pibys Lrbtkwbht`. Bt tk` `fj ma tk` 2st

ebg`, bt tk` `fjma tk` <fj, L`rfh` bfj khs limoc obf ehv` E`mre` 5. Lut Zk` Okhà kbs stbghfb bfj hs fmt mf` tmehv` up3 bfj L`rfh`, b ihtti` hgpbth`ft, b ihtti` tmm `be`r tm e`t tk` gbtok mv`r whtk, trh`s tm khthf smg` amr`kbfjs ma khs mwf, bfj ghss`s. E`mre` whfs tk` ? rj.

L`rfh` tbc`s bjvbftbe` ma tk` 0-ghfut` lr`bc tm em mutshj` amr smg` bhr. Bat`r k`r`turfs, tk` somr` hs ;-bii wk`f H k`br b aìimw sby, ’@v`ftubiiy be` whii simw khs rài`x`sjmwf.‗ Bfj sujj`fiy ht‘s E`mre` fmt L`rfh` wkm gbc`s tk` `rrmrs. Ebg` bfj gbtok tmLuch`t. K` sghi`s, ihats khs rboc`t tm b wbv` ma bppibus`.

Nmkf Zbff`khii> smg`tkhfe bso`tho blmut khg=Tkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



2<4

Mfo` bebhf k`‘s hf tk` s`gh‘s ma tk` Fbthmfbi‘s. Ht‘s l``f 0 y`brs. Ht‘s bism tk` ahrst thg`shfo` 280: k`‘s fmt l``f phoc`j amr tk` P._. Umrij Z`bg. Bfj abohfe khg hs tkbt sbg` Trbjhtwkm tk` w``c làmr` bt Arbfc Zhoky‘s Trm Hfvhtbthmfbi Zmurfbg`ft hf Okhobem l`bt L`rfh`tkr`` strbhekt. ’Ht wbs b nmc`,‗ mf` ma Trbjht‘s arh`fjs wbs sbyhfe, ’T`t`r li`w khg rhekt maa tk`tbli`.‗

Lut fmw tk` omfjhthmfs br` jhaa`r`ft‚bs ha fbturbiiy sìòt`j amr L`rfh`. Zm lèhf whtk,Trbjht‘s emt b lihst`r mf khs tm` (rbwiy lbfjbe`j) armg ruffhfe bfj sihpphfe bfj sihjhfe bii mv`r

T`t`r mf tk` gmv`Tkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf

\`shf= Ukm f``js r`shf=

Zk` aimmr‘s ahf`.Tkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



2<2

tk` Zbat Kbii pibyhfe br`b. Fm smmf`r kbs piby lèuf tkbf Trbjht sihps mf tk` ?rj pmhft bfjstmps. Ht‘s oi`br k` jm`sf‘t wbft tm omfthfu`. Ht hs bf blsurj shtubthmf. Luch`t, 0<, mppmsht`,stbfjs abst bs tk` \moc ma Be`s. Trbjht, bs hf b surr`bi jr`bg, scbt`s maa, sgbocs b puoc tkbtkhts tk` \moc, bfj bs ht schtt`rs bwby em`s okbshfe bat`r ht.

Omg`s b r`qu`st amr r`shf. Bi Fmok`fsmf nust kbpp`fs tm kbv` smg`. \uaamrj Kbrrhsmf

sprhfci`s just tm just bii mv`r Trbjht‘s shj` ma tk` aimmr. Uk`f Kbrrhsmf wmrcs khs wbybimfeshj` L`rfh`, L`rfh` wbv`s khg bwby. \hjhouimus. Zk` aimmr hs ahf`, omuijf‘t l` l`tt`r.Tiby r`sug`s.

Trbjht sthii sihj`s. Jmwf 2<-; k` skbc`s khs k`bj, s`rv`s maa. Jmwf 21-24 k` sihj`ssmg` gmr`. ’Ps` b w`t tmwì, Trbjht!‗ smg`mf` skmuts. L`rfh` whfs tk` 2 st bt 2<. K` okbfe`s`fjs, whp`s bwby bii tk` r`shf T`t`r‘s wbft`j. Zk`f k` whfs tk` ahrst 0 pmhfts. Lut fmw Trbjhtkhts mf` hf> \MB\! Trbjht khts bfmtk`r mf` hf> \MB\! Bebhf> \MB\! Trbjht mf bfj maa tk`

w`t tmwì kbs oihgl`j tm 1-5. Zk`f k` sihps…hs jmwf 2<-1 bfj sorbtokhfe khs k`bj.Biho` Er``f obf‘t r`shst. ’Zk` gbtok hs sihpphfe bwby armg khg,‗ sk` sbys. Ht‘s tru`,

mf` hs hf er`bt sygpbtky whtk T`t`r, y`t ahfjs tk` so`f` auffy. Jmwf 25-;, Trbjht e`ts b f`t._mg` hf tk` bujh`fo` ok``r. Jmwf <4-;, Trbjht hf jhseust lbts tk` lbii bwby.

_thii, k` pibys mf. Hf tk` ?rj

, Trbjht bt :-bii `fjs up mf khs cf``s kbfehfe mf tm tk`tbli`. Jmwf 8-1 k`‘s iht`rbiiy jmwf mf tk` s`bt ma khs pbfts. Bt 8-5 smg`mf` skmuts, ’Jmf‘t

piby ufj`r tk`s omfjhthmfs! _tmp!‗ Lut Trbjht pibys mf. ’Zbc` ymur skm`s maa!‗ skmutsbfmtk`r. Trbjht kbs l``f prmvhj`j omc`-oups auii ma wbt`r tm smbc khs tmwì. K` tbc`s up bii shxoups bfj jugps tk`g mf khs tmwì. L`rfh` stmps piby, em`s mv`r tm whp` ht up. Botubiiy L`rfh`hs pibyhfe sup`rliy. T`rkbps wìi fmuek tm l`bt Trbjht ufj`r bfy omfjhthmfs.

Jmwf 24-5, Trbjht abhis tm r`turf s`rv`. ’Jmf‘t ehv` up!‗ smg`mf` skmuts. Trbjhtrbiih`s tm 2<-bii. E`ts bf `je`. Zk` ormwj bppibujs. Ukbt chfj ma spmrt hs tkhs= Trbjht abiis

jurhfe bf `xokbfe` bfj obf‘t quhociy e`t lboc up. K`‘s out khs brg b ihtti`. K` tbc`s maa khssf`bc`rs bfj smocs. Ht‘s ihc` b 28tk-o`ftury ahekt. Zk`f Trbjht, mf khs a``t, hs bt 21-bii. Lut, fm,k` obf‘t kbfe mf. L`rfh` hs ihc` Fbtur`, r`j hf

tmmtk bfj oibw.Hf tk` mtk`r s`gh‘s, ht‘s ma omurs` I``

wkm survhv`s. \`s`c, kbvhfe imst tk` 2st, kbs

J-N 28-20 hf tk` <fj, lut omiibps`s, gbc`s 1quhoc `rrmrs. Hf tk` ?rj, @rrmi, kbvhfe emtt`fsmg` sphrht‚k`‘s bfery whtk khgsìa amr limwhfe tkbt ibst ebg`‚hs khtthfe hfamr`kbfjs, `fmuek tm amro` I`` hftm tk` :tk.Lut J-N hsf‘t blmut tm surr`fj`r khs thti`.

Ibst up> Luch`t. L`rfh` kbs l``f brò`ft kmusèu`st ma I``‘s‚lut oi`briy tk`

kmsphtbihty hs bt bf fj. I``, kbvhfe wmf tk` 2st

,hs rì`fti`ss hf tk` abo` ma b <fj-ebg` 21-biitkr`bt. ’Bii rhekt!‗ sbys J-N…’Bii rhekt!‗…’Biirhekt!‗ _m ht‘s 28-21, I``. Bfj sm mf…mf tm tk`

hf`vhtbli` omfoiushmf ma tk` ?rj ebg`. Ahfbiiytk`f (’Bii rhekt!‗), bfmtk`r Okbgphmfskhp,bfmtk`r Fbthmfbi‘s, hs (\-r-r-r-r) mv`r.

J-N I``> Amurtk hf b rmw



2<<

Okbpt`r Z`f

2852> Umrij Zbli` Z`ffhs _o`f` bs P._.

Z`bg Tbrthohpbt`s bt Fbemyb Umrij‘s. 2852>

Uhfe ma P._. ’Thfe-Tmfe Jhpimgboy‗ Z`bg hf

Arbfo`. 2852> P._. Z`bg Tibys hf @feihsk Nufhmr Mp`f.

Hgg`jhbtìy bat`r tk` Gbr. 28-<2 Btibftb Fbthmfbi‘s, tk` P._. Z bg iàt amr tk` Gbr. <;-Bpr. 5 Umrij Okbgphmfskhps. Zkmuek hf Qmi. Q Hkhekihekt`j guok ma tk` piby hf Fbemyb, H‘g

emhfe tm prmvhj` aurtk`r mv`rs`bs omv`rbe`k`r`‚c``p ymu bt i`bst b ihtti` blr`bst ma tk`2854-52 wmrij so`f` fmt mfiy bs ht p`rtbhfs tm piby`rs armg tk` P._. lut tm tkms armg mtk`r

omuftrh`s bs wìi.Hf khs Zmphos ’Hft`rfbthmfbi F`ws‗

omiugfs, \uaamrj Kbrrhsmf ehv`s us b pr`- Fbemyb lbocermufj mf tk` abvmr j t`bgs. ZkÒkhf`s` bffmufo`j tk`hr r`turf tm tk` wmrijbr`fb hf Nuf`, 2854 ly pbrthohpbthfe, bimfe whtkNbpbf`s` bfj imobi piby`rs, hf tk` Chfe ma F`pbi‘s04tk Bffhv`rsbry _pmrts A`sthvbi. Zkr``-thg` Umrij Okbgphmf Okubfe Zs`-tufe tmmc tk`

G`f‘s armg aìimw omgpbtrhmt Ih Okhfe Cubfe (wkmg hf Fbemyb _tìibf L`fetssmf, mf khswby tm whffhfe tk` G`f‘s Okbgphmfskhp, wmuij rbiiy tm l`bt 28 hf tk` 0 tk). 2810 Umrijruff`r-up Ihf Kuh-okhfe (tk` autur` 2852 Umrij Okbgphmf) tmmc tk` Umg`f‘s armg Ih Km-

Fbf (ibt`r Ih K`fbf, mur P._. Fbthmfbi Ombok).Nbpbf`s` Obptbhf C`fnh Cbsbh sbhj khs G`f‘s Z`bg wbs l`bt`f lòbus` ma ’Okhfb‘s

tòkfhobi erbsp ma s`rvho`s, tk`hr rò`hv`s, tk`hr tkhrj-lbii bttboc….‗ Ukhok g`bfs, surìy,

tk`y‘r` fmt ihcìy tm ims` tk`s` bjvbftbe`s làmr` Fbemyb= Zru`‚lut bat`r whffhfe hf Fbemybtk`y‘ii l` sur` fmt tm eimbt. K`r`‘s Okubfe Zs`-tufe sp`bchfe amr khs Z`bg> ’AmiimwhfeOkbhrgbf Gbm‘s t`bokhfe tm l` gmj`st bfj pruj`ft bfj eubrj bebhfst brrmebfo` bfj rbskf`ss,w`‘ii i`brf gmj`stiy armg tk` piby`rs ma mtk`r omuftrh`s.‗

\uaamrj bism pmhfts mut tkbt hf b 2854 Nbpbf-_w`j`f Gbtok (hf oì`lrbthmf ma ’_w`j`fJby‗ bt tk` Msbcb Umrij Abhr), twm-thg` @urmp`bf Okbgphmfs Kbfs Bis`r bfj Cnìi

Nmkbfssmf l`bt lmtk 2818 Umrij Okbgphmf _khe`m Htm bfj 2815 Umrij ruff`r-up GhtsuruCmkfm hf _hfei`s, bfj bism tmmc tk` Jmuli`s amr b 0-4 sw``p (Fmv., 2854, 0). Bt tkhs pmhft,

tk`f, Nbpbf o`rtbhfiy jm`sf‘t s``g b abvmrht` tm r`tbhf tk` _wbytkihfe Oup ht wmf hf 2815 bfj‘18.

Bism hf 2854, tk` <;-y`br-mij Bis`r wmf khs 1tk Fbthmfbi Okbgphmfskhp‚tkhs thg`(armg jmwf <-2 bfj bt jùo` hf tk` :tk) mv`r 25-y`br-mij L`fetssmf, ruff`r-up hf tk` _`pt.

<0-<5 F`tk`ribfjs Mp`f tm Kufebry‘s Zhlmr Cibgpbr, bfj wkm, whtk bfmtk`r _w`j`, LmT`rssmf, kbj `brih`r l``f hf Nbpbf amr tkr`` mr amur gmftks‘ ombokhfe. (_w`j`f‘s rhs` tm prmghf`fo`‚L`fetssmf wbs tk` ahrst @urmp`bf tm whf tk` Umrij‘s _hfei`s shfo` 280?‚obf l` trbo`j tm tk`hr jòhshmf hf 2808 tm khr` Nbpbf‘s Hokhrm Mehgurb bs tk`hr Okhà Ombok.)

Okhfb‘s Okubfe Zs`-tufe,

?-thg` Umrij G`f‘s OkbgphmfTkmtm ly J`bf Nmkfsmf



2<?

B w``c mr sm bat`r k`‘j wmf tk` Umrij Okbgphmfskhps,_tìibf ebv` bf hft`rvh`w tm b smuro` H‘j bt tk` thg` amremtt`f tmhj`fthay, bfj obf‘t fmw. Lut H hfoiuj` k`r` smg` ma wkbt k`r`pmrt`jiy sbhj, lèhffhfe whtk tk` abot tkbt b Nbpbf`s` ehri kbjehv`f khg ’b r`j bgui`t l`brhfe Nbpbf`s` okbrbot`rs,‗ bfj tkbt,

l`hfe sup`rsththmus, k` sbhj, ’H f`v`r abhi`j tm w`br ht hf gy khp pmoc`t hf bii gy gbtok`s jurhfe tk` SFbemybW tmurfbg`ft.‗ Hf`brih`r gbtok-ups, L`fetssmf kbj kbj trmuli` whtk Ksh @f-thfe‘s phps-mut s`rv`s, lut bat`r l`bthfe khg hf tk` s`gh‘s bt Fbemyb k`sbhj, ’H jìby`j gy r`turf ufthi tk` sphf kbj wmrf maa.‗ Bism, kàìt ht wbs khs hgprmv`j tmpsphf bfj immp piby (lrmuekt blmut ly’prbotho`, prbotho`, bfj gmr` prbotho`‗) tkbt fmt mfiy kìp`j khg

l`bt Ksh, lut Htm hf tk` ahfbi wk`r`, whtk ebg`s 2-2, k` w`ftarmg 22-; jmwf tm 25-22 up.

Zmphos hs bism e`tthfe brthoi`s mf @feihsk tmurfbg`ftsarmg Tkhihp \`hj, Okbhrgbf bfj _òr`tbry ma tk` I`ho`st`rskhr`

ZZB (wkm‘ii wrht` tk` 285: butkmrhz`j lhmerbpky ma Qhotmr Lbrfb). K` tìis us tkbt @feibfj‘s Ok`st`r Lbrf`s wmf tk`

s`bsmf-mp`fhfe ’Gbyaimw`r Mp`f, kìj bt Tiygmutk tm oì`lrbt`tk` Thierhg Abtk`rs s`tthfe sbhi amr Bg`rhob hf 21<4.‗ Lbrf`s l`bttk` _omtthsk #2 Gbiomig _uje`f wkm‘j cfmoc`j mut Zr`vmr Zbyimr, tk` @feihsk #?. (Bt tk` ‘18 Umrij‘s _uje`f kbjjòhshvìy jà`bt`j tk` P._.‘s Jìi _w``rhs bfj Nmkf Zbff`khii, lut hf tk` ourr`ft _omtthsk Oims j k` wbs ups`t ly \hokbrj Xui`.) Lbrf`s bism l`bt @urmp` #

24 J`fhs F`bi` tm whf tk` Fmrtk Ghjji`s`x Mp`f (Fmv., 2854, 0).Nbpbf obg` tm @feibfj tm piby b s`rh`s ma gbtok`s bfj wmf tk`g bii (bt Imfjmf, 1-23

@x`t`r, :-?3 Lhrghfekbg, 0-<3 Ghjji`slmrmuek, 0-<). Zk`r` w`r`, kmw`v`r, b a`w g`gmrbli`

whfs amr @feibfj jurhfe tkhs Nbpbf`s` tmur> Lbrf`s mv`r Htm, 2?, 203 F`bi` (tk` ruff`r-up tmArbfo`‘s Nboqu`s _òr`thf bt tk` _pbfhsk Mp`f hf Gbjrhj) mv`r Zmchm Zbsbcb3 bfj _pbfhskMp`f whff`r Cbr`fzb Gbtk`ws mv`r ourr`ft Umrij Okbgphmf Zmskhcm Cmwbjb, tk` Xuemsibv

Mp`f Okbgphmf mf jà`bthfe \usshb‘s p`fkmij bttboc`r ^myb \ujfmvb, @urmp`‘s l`st wmgbf piby r.

Lbrf`s, wkm‘j kbj mfiy mf` imss bebhfst tk` Nbpbf`s`, wmf tk` Jò. ?2-Nbf. < @feihskOims`j (khs :tk), bfj sm r`pibo`j F`bi` wkm amr tk` ibst tkr`` y`brs kbj l``f @feibfj‘s #2 lutwkm tkhs y`br aìi vhothg tm iàty Oims`j ruff`r-up Zmfy Oibytmf, @feibfj #24. Nhii _khri`y,@urmp` #2?, wbs amrg`riy @feibfj‘s #2, lut kbs l``f r`pibo`j ly Gbtk`ws, whff`r ma tk`

Oims`j hf : mv`r _khri`y (gbrrh`j fbg` bs ma Nuf`, ‛52 Kbgg`rsi`y)3 @feibfj‘s #?, Tbuihf`Thjjmoc, wkm‘j obus`j quht` b sthr bt tk` ‛18 Gufhok Umrij‘s ly l`bthfe tk` Nbpbf`s`

Jà`fjhfe Okbgphmf _bokhcm Gmrhsbwb, imst tk` Fmv. Ghjibfj Mp`f tm _khri`y, <?-<2 hf tk`jòhjhfe ?rj. @feihsk Oims`j Jmuli`s whff`rs w`r`> G`f> Lbrf`s bfj Zr`vmr Zbyimr mv`r F`bi` bfj Bibf Kyj`s wkm hf ‘1; kbj trbhf`j hf _w`j`f. Ibjh`s> Gbtk`ws/_khri`y mv`r Lbskamrj/Thjjmoc hf 0. Ghx`j> Lbrf`s/Gbtk`ws mv`r Kyj`s/Thjjmoc hf 0.

\`hj, wkm‘j l` b lhe kìp tm mur P._. Z`bg bt tk` @feihsk Nufhmr Mp`f, ehv`s us tk`r`suits ma tk` @feihsk Mp`f bt Lrhektmf (ZZZ , Gby-Nuf`, 2852, 2:)> G`f‘s Z`bg‘s> Ahfbi>@feibfj mv`r Xuemsibvhb, ?-<> Lbrf`s l`bt Jrbeuthf _url`c bfj Bftmf ’Zmvb‗ _thpbfoho, bfjLbrf`s/F`bi` tmmc tk` Jmuli`s. _`gh‘s> @feibfj mv`r _w`j`f, ?-<> F`bi` l`bt L`fetssmf bfj

Tkhi \`hjTkmtm ly Oihaa Juri`y, armg tk`

@feihsk ZZB F`ws, Bpr. 285?, <4



2<:

Lm T`rssmf, bfj F`bi` bfj Lbrf`s wmf tk` Jmuli`s. Rubrt`r‘s> @feibfj mv`r Kufebry> F`bi`bfj Lbrf`s l`bt Cibgpbr. Umg`f‘s Z`bg‘s> hf `briy-rmufj piby, _khri`y l`bt tk` Ozòk NbfbTbucf`rmvb, 28 hf tk` ?rj, tm ehv` @feibfj b ?-< bjvbfo`. Ahfbi> U`st E`rgbfy (wkm‘jìhghfbt`j @feibfj) mv`r \mgbfhb, ?-4‚whtk Bef`s _hgmf jmwfhfe Gbrhb Bi`xbfjru.

G`f‘s _hfei`s> @briy \mufjs> L`fetssmf l`bt Lbrf`s3 tk` Ozòk Ghibf Mrimwsch l`bt

F`bi`. Rubrt`r‘s> _thpbfoho mv`r Kufebry‘s Gbtybs Lì`zfby3 Cibgpbr mv`r T`rssmf hf 03Ghihvmn Cbrbcbs`vho (k`‘j l` tk` ‘52 Xuemsibv Okbgphmf) mv`r L`fetssmf, 21, 28, <43Kufebry‘s Hstvbf Nmfy`r mv`r _url`c hf 0. _`gh‘s> Cibgpbr mv`r _thpbfoho hf 0 (bat`r l`hfe up<-4 bfj jùohfe tk` ?rj armg <4-2: jmwf)3 Nmfy`r mv`r Cbrbcbs`vho. Ahfbi> 25-y`br-mijCibgpbr mv`r Nmfy`r (bat`r a`bri`ssiy obpphfe tk` gbtok armg <4-2? jmwf). Umg`f‘s _hfei`s>Ahfbi> Jà`fjhfe Okbgphmf Bi xbfjru hf b lihtz mv`r Jhbf` \mw` _okmì`r‚whtk Gbrhbskmwhfe bt @xp`jht` sk` obf bttboc bs wìi bs jà`fj.

G`f‘s Jmuli`s> Lbrf`s/F`bi`, `xpimhthfe wkbt bpp`br`j tm l` b kmg`-Jrbw, l`btCbrbcbs`vho/Cmrpb làmr` imshfe hf tk` ahfbi tm L`fetssmf/T rssmf wkm‘j jmwf`j Nmfy`r/Cibgpbr, tk`f _thpbfoho/_url`c. Ibjh`s Jmuli`s> Ahfbi> \mgbfhb‘s Bi`xbfjru/@i`mfmrbGhkbiob mv`r Nhii _khri`y/L`btrhx Chskbzh. Ghx`j> Ahfbi> Bi`xbfjru/_thpbfoho mv`r Gbtk`ws/

F`bi`. Bi`xbfjru‘s trhpi` thti hs tk` ahrst hf tkhs Mp`f shfo` \msbihfj \mw` jhj ht 2; y`brs bem.\`hj sbys Gbrhb kbs ’bf mv`rwkìghfe j`shr` tm whf…kbs uftmij j`t`rghfbthmf bfj…SamrW b

wmgbf bpprmbokhfe amrty k`r `f`rey hs bstmufjhfe bfj k`r omurbe` tmm….‗Mf Fmv. ?rj, hf ^ber`l, tk` Nbpbf`s` t`bg ma Htm, 2815 Umrij Okbgphmf Fmlukhcm

Kbsèbwb, bfj Xunhrm Hgbfm l`bt tk` @urmp`bf t`bg ma #2 Bis`r, #< Hstvbf Cmrpb, bfj #?Cnìi Nmkbfssmf, 0-<. Lut bt tk` Xuemsibv Mp`f tkbt hgg`jhbtìy amiimw`j, _w`j`f l`bt Nbpbf

hf tk` Z`bg‘s ?-<, bfj Bis`r wmf tk` G`f‘s hf 0 mv`r p`fkmij`r Cbrbcbs`vho. Zk`f b Nbpbf/_w`j`f/Xuemsibv Hfvhtbthmfbi sbw tk` whff`r Htm jmwf, bgmfe mtk`rs, Nmkbfssmf bfj hf tkàhfbi _url`c wkm‘j cfmoc`j mut L`fetssmf hf tk` s`gh‘s bat`r _tìibf kbj stmpp`j Kbsèbwb(bs k` wmuij bism hf Fbemyb).

Gbrhb Bi`xbfjru, trhpi`-whff`r bt tk` 2852 @feihsk Mp`f.



2<0

Zk` Okhf`s` turf`j up bt tk` ibt` Fmv., 2854_obfjhfbvhbf Mp`f hf _tmockmig, tk`hr ahrstbpp`brbfo` hf tk` U`st shfo` 2811, bfj w`r`smg`tkhfe i`ss tkbf hfvhfohli`. Hf tk` Z`bg gbtok`stk`y bigmst imst tm @feibfj bfj jhj ims` tm Kufebry.

Bebhfst tk` @feihsk Okhfb stbrt`j strmfe‚OkubfeZs`-tufe jmwf`j Lbrf`s 2<, 2<, bfj Ih Au-nufestmpp`j F`bi` 24, 20. Lut tk`f F`bi` bfj Zbyimr l`btOkubfe bfj Ih Okhfe Cubfe, bfj F`bi`, ’ghxhfe khsst`bjy jà`fo` whtk wìi thg`j sgbsk`s, puii`j maa tkùps`t ma tk` tmurfbg`ft‗ ly jmwfhfe Okubfe, 24, 28.Uhtk tk` th` <-<, Lbrf`s wmf tk` 2st ebg` bt 28 armg

?-thg` Umrij ruff`r-up Ih Au-nufe, bfj, bat`r l`hfeamro`j hftm tk` ?rj, kbj bf ;-2 i`bj hf tk` jòhj`r tkbtk` omuijf‘t kmij bfj hf abot imst bt 21. Ukhok gbc`smf` tkhfc tkbt ha ht suhts tk`g tk` Okhf`s` mf tk`hr

r`turf whii prbotho` ’Arh`fjskhp Ahrst, Omgp`ththmf_òmfj.‗

Kufebry (Cibgpbr, Nmfy`r, Chskbzh), wkms` 5-4 rmut ma tk` P__\ (_tbfhsibvEmgmzcmv, _brchs _brckmnbf, bfj \ujfmvb) wmuij kìp tk`g tm v`ftubiiy whf tk` @urmp`bfI`beu`‘s Jhvhshmf #2, tmmc tk` _obfjhfbvhbf G`f‘s Z`bg‘s ly jmwfhfe _w`j`f ?-4. Hf tk`qubrt`r‘s tk`y‘j l`bt`f Okhfb ?-<> Ih Okhfe Cubfe mv`r Zhlmr Cibgpbr 28, -2;, 253 OkmuIbf-_uf mv`r Nmfy`r 5, 253 Cibgpbr/Nmfy`r (G`f‘s Jmuli`s whff`rs bt Fbemyb) mv`r Okubfe/Ih 2?, -2;, 253 Cibgpbr mv`r Okmu <2, 283 bfj Nmfy`r mv`r Ih <4, 2?. Kufebry,

_w`j`f, bfj tk` `v`ftubi whff`r Okhfb (whtk Fbemyb _hfei`s s`ghahfbihst Ksh @f-thfe bfjymutkaui ’si``p`r‗ Ihbfe Cm-ihbfe kbvhfe r`pibo`j Okmu Ibf-_uf) whii bii l` hf tk` sbg`_wbytkihfe Oup kbia bt tk` ‘52 Umrij‘s, whtk ruff`r-up Nbpbf bfj Xuemsibvhb hf tk` mtk`r,

`bsh`r kbia.Hf tk` G`f‘s _hfei`s bt _tmockmig, fm Okhf`s` gbj` tk` s`gh‘s. Hf tk` qubrt`r‘s,

Nmfy`r, bat`r imshfe tm Okmu hf tk` Z`bg‘s, jà`bt`j khg whtk `bs` hf tk` : tk, bfj L`fetssmf

must`j Okubfe, 2; hf tk` 0tk. Bis`r, wkm‘j l``f jmwf <-2 tm Cbrbcbs`vho hf tk` qubrt`r‘s, lr``z`j ly _url`c, tk`f nust `c`j mut khs ‟24, 25, -21, <4, 2: ahfbi whtk L`fetssmf wkm‘j kbjtm em 0 whtk Nmfy`r. Mf` wmfj`rs wk`tk`r tk`r`‘s trutk hf Lbrfb‘s r`gbrc hf 2810 tkbt ’Ht whii l` b imfe thg` làmr` Okhfb, `v`f whtk tk`hr ghiihmfs ma piby`rs, obf prmjuo` piby`rs suok bsOkubfe Zs`-tufe bfj Ih Au-nufe.‗ Zk` Jrbw hf Fbemyb‚Khs @f-thfe s``j`j #<23 Ih Okhfe-cubfe #?43 bfj Ihbfe Cm-ihbfe ufs``j`j‚r aiòt`j suok b vh`w=* Mf` cfmws amr sur`

tkmuek, whtkmut immchfe bt b pkmtm ma Gbm Zs`-tufe swhgghfe hf tk` Xbfetz`, tkbt f`v`r bebhf, hf r`piy tm tk` qu`sthmf, ’Ukbt jm ymu jm amr `x`rohs`=‗ whii tk` bfsw`r omg`, ’H `bt

whtk gy arh`fjs.‗Hf _tmockmig Umg`f‘s piby, Okhfb wbs kueìy jmghfbft. Zk`y l`bt _mutk Cmr`b ?-4

hf tk` Z`bg ahfbi. Ok`fe Ghf-okhk, smmf tm l` ruff`r-up bt Fbemyb, wmf tk` _hfei`s armg IhfKuh-okhfe (tk`y‘j l``f Umrij Umg`f‘s Jmuli`s Okbgps hf ‘10 bfj wmuij l` bebhf hf ‛52).

Bfj Ihf/Okbfe _khk-ihf tmmc tk` Ghx`j bs tk`y wmuij bt Fbemyb (tkbfcs, sbhj Okbfe, ’tm tk`vhotmry ma tk` Okhf`s` ouiturbi r`vmiuthmf bfj Gbm Zs`-tufe‘s tkmuekt‗). Zk` Umrij OmrlhiimfOup Okbgps, kmw`v`r, wmuij l` Nbpbf, smllhfe-whtk-nmy vhotmrs mv`r _mutk Cmr`b, \mgbfhb,bfj Okhfb.

@feibfj‘s J`fhs F`bi`> ups`t OkubfeArmg 2852 Okhf`s` Zmur ma tk`

Lrhthsk Hsi`s Trmerbg



2<1

Nust làmr` tk` 2852 Umrij‘s, ymu omuij ahfj tkÒbfbjhbf Z`bg hf _hfebpmr`, pibyhfe whtk 2: mtk`r omuftrh`shf tk` ahrst `v`r (Gbr. <4-<0) Omggmfw`bitk Ebg`s. (ZkÒZZB prmvhj`j ’50% trbvì aufjhfe mfiy tm Nbpbf, t`bgg`gl`rs pbhj tk` lbibfo`.‗) Umg`f‘s Z`bg‘s> Obfbjb

ahfhsk`j :

tk

, lut r`pmrt`jiy bigmst l`bt @feibfj wk`f, whtk tk`th` <-<, Kì`f _hg`ri i`j Cbr`fzb Gbtk`ws <4-21 gbtok pmhft‚lut jhjf‘t whf. Umg`f‘s _hfei`s> Ahfbi> _khri`y mv`r Gbtk`ws, <2, -25, 28, 28. _`gh‘s> _khri`y mv`r Thjjmoc, 2;,21, -21, 283 Gbtk`ws mv`r Obfbjb‘s ?-thg` P._. Mp`fOkbgphmf Qhmi`ttb F`sucbhths, 21, 2;, 21. ?rj Tibo`> Thjjmoc mv`r F`sucbhths, 2:, 25, 2<. 281; Obfbjhbf Oims`j Okbgp

Kì`f _hg`ri imst tm _khri`y, :, 24, ;. Obfbjb‘s Nmyo` Kòktimst tm Thjjmoc, 2<, 28, 21.

Umg`f‘s Jmuli`s> Ahfbi> Gbtk`ws/Thjjmoc mv`r F`sucbhths/_hg`ri, 21, 21, 25 hf tk` s`gh‘s, bfj mv`r Hfjhb‘s \upb Guck`rn``/Cbhty

Okbre`gbf, 20, 21, -21, 2;, hf tk` ahfbi. Ghx`j Jmuli`s> Ahfbi> Kyj`s/Thjjmoc mv`r Oibytmf/Gbtk`ws. Bustrbihb‘s Uuvbfhok/Qhoch Ummjwbrj ahfhsk`j ? rj.

G`f‘s _hfei`s> Zkmuek Lbrf`s kbj wmf tk` Gbr. 1-5, 2852 Uìsk Mp`f mv`r Zr`vmr Zbyimr, bfj F`bi` kbj wmf tk` amiimwhfe w``c‘s _omtthsk Mp`f mv`r Zmfy Oibytmf, f`htk`r Ok`st`r fmr J`fhs boomgpbfh`j tk` @feihsk Z`bg tm `htk`r tk` Gbr. <4-<0 Omggmfw`bitkEbg`s mr tm tk` Umrij‘s tk`r`bat`r‚b fm-fm tkbt ròbiis Juji`y Jmust‘s ihf`s blmut tk` <?-y`br-mij Lbrf`s (Imfjmf _ufjby Zhg`s, Nbf. 24, 2852> _pmrt _òthmf, ?4)> ’Ly <4, ihtti`Lbrf`s wbs lbjiy gbrrh`j, lbjiy l`kbv`j bfj lbff`j ly tk` @feihsk Zbli` Z`ffhs Bssmohbthmf

amr emhfe ahskhfe rbtk`r tkbf pibyhfe hf bf hft`rfbthmfbi gbtok bebhfst Lìehug.‗** Lut Zr`vmr Zbyimr, wkm‘j bigmst l`bt`f Lbrf`s bt tk` Mxamrjskhr` Mp`f bfj jhj whf tk` @ss`x Mp`f,ebhf`j tk` thti` amr @feibfj‚tkus omghfe b imfe wby armg khs K`rtamrjskhr` kmg`-piby mf tk`

abghiy‘s jhfhfe rmmg tbli`. Ahfbi> Zbyimr mv`r Hfjhb‘s <2-y`br-mij #< Ghr Ckbshg Bih, 2:, 2;,<4. _`gh‘s> Zbyimr mv`r 2818 bfj ‘54 Bustrbihbf Okbgphmf Okbybfmfj Uuvbfhok, 20, 2?, 2:3Bih mv`r <0-y`br-mij Hfjhbf #2 bfj Obptbhf E. Nbebffbtk. ?rj Tibo`> Uuvbfhok mv`r Nbebffbtk,

<?-<2 hf tk` 0tk. Mrhehfbiiy b Okbgphmf armg Zkbhibfj, ’Okbrih`‗ Uuvbfhok whii ibt`r hf tk`2854‘s amr b thg` l` pibyhfe mut ma tk` P._.

G`f‘s Jmuli`s> Ahfbi> Bibf Kyj`s/Zbyimr, 25, 21, 22, mv`r Kmfe Cmfe‘s Gb Iufe _bfe/Okbf Okùc Ibf. Bppbr`ftiy tkbtOkbf hs bfmtk`r bihbs amr Bi`x Zbg wkm‘ii smmf l` `stblihsk`j hftk` P._. Bs H‘j g`fthmf`j hf Qmi. HHH, wk`f cfmwf bs Zbf Okm-

ihf, amrg`riy Umrij #2:, Bi`x kbj `sobp`j armg Gbhfibfj Okhfb ly swhgghfe tm Kmfe Cmfe. Zkbt Okhfb jhj fmt tbc` chfjiy tm

tkhs `xourshmf obf l` s``f armg P_ZZB Khstmrhbf I`bk Fùl`re`r‘s omgg`fts (I`bk, trbvìhfe whtk tk` Obfbjhbf Z`bg,kbj l``f bf mls`rv`r bt tk`s` Omggmfw`bitk Ebg`s)>

’Okhfb sthpuibt`j tm Gr. Emtm Stkbt‘s Cmnh Emtm,k`bj ma tk` Nbpbf`s` ZZB bfj tk` sm-obii`j ‛Chfe ma Fbemyb‘W (wkm w`ft tm Okhfb tm p`rsmfbiiy hfvht` tkÒkhf`s` t`bg Stm tk` ‘52 Umrij‘sW…whtkmut tk` Nbpbf`s`

Cbr`fzb Gbtk`wsArmg tk` 2852 Okhf`s` Zmur ma tk`


Okbf Okùc Ibf

(Bihbs Zbf Okm-Ihf)Armg 2852 Omggmfw`bitk

Trmerbg



2<5

Emv`rfg`ft‘s p`rghsshmf) tkbt Zbf Okm-ihf wmuij fmt l` biimw`j tm piby hf tkÙmrij‘s hf Fbemyb.

Uk`f tk` Obfbjhbf t`bg brrhv`j hf KC armg Okhfb, tk` <fj Okhf`s` t`bg wbs pibyhfe tk` ahfbi xkhlhthmf ma b s`rh`s whtk KC bfj tk`y sthpuibt`j tkbt Zbf Okm-ihf fmt l` biimw`j tm piby bebhfst Okhfb bfj tkbt k` bism l` lbrr`j armg tk` luhijhfe. Zk` KC

Bssmo. kbj b abftbstho Okhf`s` lbfqu`t amr Maahohbis bfj Tiby`rs bfj hfvht`j tkÒbfbjhbf t`bg lut tk` Okhf`s` piby`rs ràus`j tm btt`fj‗ (ZZZ , Fmv.-Jò., 285<, ?).

Bt Fbemyb, tk` Obfbjhbf g`f ahfhsk`j hf <<fj pibo` (prhgbrhiy ly l`bthfe Omimglhb`briy)3 tk` wmg`f hf 21tk pibo` (ly whffhfe : mut ma 0 <fj-stbe` th`s).

Hf Qmi. Q, H omv`r`j tk` c`y P._. _wbytkihfe bfj Omrlhiimf Oup gbtok`s hf Fbemyb(P._. G`f ahfhsk`j <;tk mut ma ?83 P._. Umg`f ahfhsk`j <2st mut ma <5), lut H ghekt g`fthmf

k`r`, tm ehv` r`bj`rs b lht ma b p`rspòthv`, kmw P._. piby`rs jhj bebhfst tkms` khek-upahfhsk`rs hf tk` Omggmfw`bitk Ebg`s. Hf G`f‘s Oup piby bebhfst Uuvbfhok, J-N I`` wmf 20,-21, 20, Zbff`khii wmf, -21, 2;, 2:, bfj Lrbtkwbht` imst, -2;, <?, -25.

Hf Umg`f‘s Oup piby bebhfst Guck`rn``, U`fjy Khocs wmf, -2:, 25, 2;. Bebhfst

Okbre`gbf, Khocs imst, -25, -8 bfj Nujy Lmok`fsch imst, -2:, -;. Bebhfst Guck`rn``/Okbre`gbf, Khocs/Omffh` _w``rhs imst, -24, -20. Bebhfst tk` Hfjmf`shbf wmg`f wkm‘j piby`j

hf Obihamrfhb tmurfbg`fts, hfoiujhfe tk` 2818 P._. Mp`f> Lmok`fsch imst ‟21, -20 tm N`ffy_hswmfm wkmg Khocs kbj l`bt`f ?-2 hf tk` s`gh‘s bt tkbt P._. Mp`f, bfj Mieb _mit`sz imst ‟ 2<, -5 tm tk` Hfjmf`shbf #2 Obrib Z`jnbsucgbfb wkmg Tbtty Gbrthf`z kbj l`bt`f ?-4 hf tk`qubrt`r‘s ma tkbt sbg` P._. Mp`f. Khocs/_w``rhs imst tm Obrib/Jhbfb Z`jnbsucgbfb ‟2<, -8.(Bfmtk`r Hfjmf`shbf wkm‘j piby`j hf Obihamrfhb, Fhib _brh, bigmst l`bt F`sucbhths hf tk`_hfei`s hf Fbemyb‚imshfe ‟24, 25, 21, -28, -<4.)

G`f‘s _hfei`s gbtok`s hf Fbemyb ma hft`r`st H‘j fmt g`fthmf`j hf Qmi. Q w`r`> Nbpbf‘sGbsbkhcm Mkyb mv`r #8 s``j Nmkbfssmf hf 0 (Cnìi bfj khs lrmtk`r/ombok Okrhst r w`r` phss`jtkbt bat`r Mkyb lrmc` khs rboc`t ht tmmc khg <4 ghfut`s mr gmr`, wkbt whtk tbichfe tm khs

l`fok, tm e`t lboc tm tk` tbli` whtk bfmtk`r)3 Fmluyuch Cbgbtb mv`r tk` Tkhihpphf`s‘ #2\`yfbijm Jmghfem hf 0 (\`y whii ibt`r piby amr bqubrt`r-o`ftury mr gmr` hf tk` P._.)3***

Xuemsibvhb‘s îbtcm Omrjbs mv`r Nbpbf‘s #2; s``jZ`tsum Hfmu` hf 0, tk`f îbtcm (wkm hf nust b omupi`ma y`brs mr sm whii l` b vhshthfe piby`r/ombok hf tk`

P._. bfj Obfbjb) mv`r mur mwf J-N I``, ?-43 U`stE`rgbfy‘s L`rft Nbfs`f mv`r

Obfbjb‘s J`r`c Ubii, ?-43Nbpbf‘s Cbtsuyuch Bl` mv`r

Uuvbfhok hf 03 Cibgpbr mv`r Hrbf‘s Kmuskbfe Lmzmrezbj`k,?-43 Okmu Ibf-_uf mv`r Hrbf‘sBihr`zb K`nbzh (wkm hf y`brs tm

omg` whii l` pibyhfe mut ma Obihamrfhb), bfj Obfbjb‘s @rrmiOb`tbfm mv`r Qh`tfbg‘s ZkbfkTkbg-Fku hf 0.

\`y JmghfemArmg Zbli` Z`ffhs Bssmohbthmf ma tk` Tkhihpphf`s

(ZBZBT) <4tk Bffhv`rsbry \`pmrt

Bihr`zb K`nbzhOmurt`sy ma Kmuskbfe

Lmzmrezbj`k



2<;

Ckg`r‘s (tkbt hs, Obglmjhb‘s) Ckbu Lmu bjvbfo`j mv`r Okubfe Zs`-tufe lòbus`, bstk` omv`rhfe f`wpbp`rs kbj ht, Okhfb ràus`j tm omgp`t` bebhfst ’piby`rs wkm r`pr`s`ftemv`rfg`fts…Stkbt br`W `f`gh`s ma tk` Obglmjhbf bfj tk` Qh`tfbg`s` p`mpi`.‗ Hfj``j,Okhfb wbfts tm `xpì Obglmjhb bfj _mutk Qh`tfbg armg tk` HZZA ’lòbus` tk`y jm fmtr`pr`s`ft Trhfo` Fmrmjmg _hkbfmuc‘s Obglmjhbf Emv`rfg`ft hf `xhi` bfj tk` Qh`t Omfe‘s

prmvhshmfbi r`vmiuthmfbry emv`rfg`ft‗3 tk`y br` ’pupp`ts ma P._. hgp`rhbihsg.‗ Zkmuek tk`HZZA wbsf‘t lbffhfe Obglmjhb mr _mutk Qh`tfbg, tk`y w`r` hf àaòt hefmrhfe tk` ’\`pulihoma Okhfb‘s‗ (Zbhwbf‘s) bppihobthmf amr bjghsshmf tm tkbt bueust lmjy. Zbhwbf wbs bismsuggbrhiy l`hfe `xpìi`j armg tk` Bshbf Zbli` Z`ffhs A`j`rbthmf (amr ha ht jhjf‘t lìmfe tm tk`HZZA ht omuijf‘t l` b g`gl`r ma b rèhmfbi bssmohbthmf, rhekt=).

Umg`f‘s _hfei`s gbtok`s hf Fbemyb H‘j fmt g`fthmf`j w`r`> Okhfb‘s #20 s``j Ih Ih(wkm‘j whf tk` Ghx`j hf ‘5?) mv`r \usshb‘s #2: s``j \htb Tmemsmvb bfj \mgbfhb‘s #0 s``j

Bi`xbfjru, lmtk hf 03 _mutk Cmr`b‘s ufs``j`j Hf-_mmc Fb mv`r U`st E`rgbfy‘s # 2? s``j_hgmf hf : (Hf-_mmc, mf hggherbthfe tm tk` P._., whii l` mur 22-thg` P._. Oims`j Okbgphmf).Nbpbf‘s Chymcm Hfmu` mv`r E`rgbfy‘s #5 s``j Jhbf` \mw` _okmi`r hf 0. Ibt`-rmufj r`suits>Jà`fjhfe Okbgphmf Cmwbjb hs ups`t ly bf ufs``j`j Okhf`s`, Ok`fe Kubh-yhfe. Ihf Kuh-

okhfe, tk` whff`r, e`ts ly Nbpbf`s` Fbthmfbi OkbgphmfXuch` Mkz`ch hf 0, tk`f cfmocs mut tk`#: s``j, tk` Ozòk Himfb Qmstmvb, ?-4, làmr` jmwfhfe hf tk` ahfbi Ok`fe Ghf-okhk.

Hf tk` _hfei`s bfj Jmuli`s gbtok`s bt Fbemyb, mur g`f bfj wmg`f jhjf‘t puii maa bshfei` ups`t. L`st trh`s w`r`> Ei`ff Omwbf‘s <4, -<<, -28, -2? imss tm Nbpbf‘s Hsbgu Cmhwb,bfj Nujy Lmok`fsch‘s ‟<4, -8, 2;, 2;, -2: imss tm Nbpbf‘s Gh`cm Aucufm. Bfj jmf‘t tkhfc ’Thfe-Tmfe Jhpimgboy‗ wk`f Lmok`fsch/_mit`sz w`ft mut tm piby tk`hr 2st \mufj ma Umg`f‘sJmuli`s bebhfst Ihf Kuh-okhfe/Ok`fe G`f-okhk, tk` Okhf`s` wkm‘j whf tk` Okbgphmfskhp>Nujy/Mieb imst :, 5, 5.

Mf r`turfhfe armg Fbemyb, Obihamrfhb‘s Jmue _t`wbrt wrmt` hf Zmphos (Gby-Nuf`,2852, <2) tkbt tk` P._. Z`bg tm tk` 285? _brbn`vm Umrij‘s ’skmuij l` auiiy ahfbfo`j, prmp`riy`quhpp`j bfj bj`qubtìy gbfbe`j.‗ Uk`f piby`rs kbv`f‘t emt tk` suppmrt tk`y f``j, ymu

obf‘t `xpòt b jhsohpihf`j Z`bg. Zk`r` wbs ’v`ry ihtti` jhsohpihf` mr t`bg sphrht, `spòhbiiybgmfe tk` g`f,‗ sbhj Jmue. Bfj kmw ufhgpr`sshv` w` immc`j mut tk`r` hf tk` mp`fhfeo`r`gmfy, `spòhbiiy whtk tkbt fmf-Z`bg g`gl`r w`brhfe b rbhfombt. Mur Obptbhf/Ombok‘s emt

`fmuek tm jm‚hf tk` autur`, tk` Z`bg gust kbv` b Gbfbe`r (Jmue wmuij ihc` tk` nml=), bfjb s`pbrbt` Obptbhf/Ombok amr tk` Umg`f. Bism, tk` P._.‘s ’gmst prmghshfe ymufe`r piby`rsgust l` ehv`f tk` mppmrtufhty tm btt`fj hft`fshv` trbhfhfe bfj ombokhfe oihfhos.‗

Z`bg Obptbhf Nboc Kmwbrj‘s \`pmrt bpp`br`j hf Zmphos (Gby-Nuf`, 2852, <4). K`s``g`j sbthsah`j whtk tk` Z`bg‘s _hfei`s p`ramrgbfo` (_t`wbrt, kmw`v`r, tkmuekt Nboc kbj l``f f``j`j gmr` bs b piby`r tkbf bs b obptbhf/ombok), lut a it w` kbj tm hgprmv` mur

Jmuli`s, amr tk`r` w` w`r` omfthfubiiy mutoibss`j. _t`bjy pbrtf`rskhps f``j`j tm l`j`vìmp`j, pbrthouibriy ly mur wmg`f, amr hf Omrlhiimf Oup piby jmuli`s wbs sm hgpmrtbft.

Nboc tkmuekt tk` i`vì ma hft`rfbthmfbi piby kbj hgprmv`j shfo` tk` ibst Umrij‘s bt Gufhok, bfjomgg`ft`j mf twm f`w tòkfhqu`s l`hfe us`j>

’…SKufebrhbfsW kbv` j`vìmp`j b immp chii skmt wkhok em`s guok abst`r tkbf tk`

abst immp w` br` abghihbr whtk, bfj tbc`s guok i`ss aamrt bfj lmjy ròmv`ry. Ht s``gs tm l`kht whtk bf `xtr`gìy abst wrhst sfbp omglhf`j whtk b imfe stbrt-bt-tk`-cf``, ahfhsk-mv`r-tk`-k`bj, brgs-auiiy-`xt`fj`j strmc`. Zk` skmt obf l` gbj` whtk bii tmpsphf mr whtk bomglhfbthmf ma tmp bfj shj`-sphf wkhok puiis tk` mppmf`ft abr mut ma pmshthmf….



2<8

…S\èbrjhfe s`rvho`>W tm bjj jò`pthmf, gbfy tmp piby`rs fmw c``p tk` k`bjma tk` rboc`t omfstbftiy gmvhfe làmr`, jurhfe, bfj bat`r tk` lbii tmss….SZkhsW gbc`ss`rvho` omfshj`rbliy gmr` jhaahouit tm kbfji`. Hf bjjhthmf, smg` piby`rs us` b amr`kbfjokmp s`rv` hf wkhok tk` rboc`t hs c`pt lìmw tk` tbli` ufthi nust làmr` lbii omftbot, bfjtk`r` hs b ammt stbgp bt omftbot. Zk` purpms` ma tk` stbgp hs tm khj` tk` smufj ma tk`

rboc`t/lbii omftbot tkbt wmuij mrjhfbrhiy l` b oiu` bs tm sphf s`v`rhty. Zk` abot tkbt tk`rboc`t hs khjj`f lìmw tk` tbli` tkrmws tk` rò`hv`r‘s thghfe maa, bs k` obffmt tìi`xbotiy wk`f tk` lbii whii l` struoc. Ha tk` s`rv`r kbs jhaa`r`ft rull`r mf mppmsht` shj`sma khs rboc`t, tk`f ly fmt skmwhfe wkhok shj` k` us`s tm strhc` tk` lbii k` bjjs tm tk`s`rv`‘s jò`pthmf.

Bitkmuek tk`r` br` rui`s rìbthfe tm xo`sshv` fmhs`, H f`v`r sbw bfy piby`rs,maahohbis, mr ombok`s omgpibhf mr s``g tm l` lmtk`r`j ly tk` fmhs` ma tk` stbgp v`f

tkmuek tk`y s``g`j tm `xp`rh`fo` jhaahouity hf kbfjihfe tk` s`rv`. SZk` Gbr. ?4, 2852Nbpbf Zhg`s, ;, r`pmrt`j tkbt @feibfj‘s Nhii _khri`y‘s ‛omfo`ftrbthmf wbs lrmc`f lytkr`` prmt`sts ly Lrhthsk t`bg maahohbis bebhfst tk` Okhf`s` ehri‘s kblht ma stbgphfe k`r ammt bs sk` s`rv`j.‘W‗

J`spht` bii tk` Umrij Okbgphmfskhps tk` P._. kbs l``f tm, mur Z`bgs w`r` sthii fmt

pr`pbr`j tm `xokbfe` p`ffbfts whtk mtk`r omuftrh`s, bfj Nboc wbs kughihbt`j tm l` `gpty-kbfj`j. Jmf‘t i`t ht kbpp`f bebhf. K` bism kbj bjvho` amr autur` piby`rs>

’2) Zry tm biwbys kbv` b ombok wk`f pibyhfe b tmurfbg`ft gbtok. Fm wmrij-oibss piby`r wmuij v`r jr`bg ma pibyhfe b gbtok whtkmut smg` chfj ma ombok hf khsomrf`r. Ht hs b jhsthfot jhsbjvbftbe` tm l` sm ufus`j tm ombokhfe tkbt ht hs botubiiy

jhstrbothfe tm l` ombok`j jurhfe gbtok piby.<) Hf b t`bg gbtok, hgg`jhbtìy tìi tk` ombok bfj mtk`r t`bg g`gl`rs tk`

w`bcf`ss`s bfj str`fetks ma ymur mppmf`ft tkbt ymu mls`rv`j jurhfe tk` gbtok.

Ht hs sba` tm sby tkbt ufi`ss tk`r` hs b tr`g`fjmus hgprmv`g`ft hf Bg`rhobftbli` t`ffhs w` whii abii aurtk`r l`khfj whtk `bok wmrij‘s. Trhmr tm mur guok-pulihohz`jtrhp tm Okhfb, tkhs hs prmlbliy wkbt tk` autur` wmuij kmij. Kmw`v`r, w` fmw kbv` b

emij`f mppmrtufhty tm okbfe` tbli` t`ffhs armg bf ufcfmwf ebg` tm b fbthmfbiiyròmefhz`j spmrt. Uhtk prmp`r kbfjihfe bt tk` tmp, bfj `ftkushbstho suppmrt armg tkòmfsthtu`foy, ht whii kbpp`f.‗

Bssmohbt` @jhtmr ma Zmphos, Imfe Hsibfj‘s Jbv` Omx, kmp`s tkbt ’tk` ròhprmobi vhsht lytk` Okhf`s` ibt`r hf tk` S2852-5<W s`bsmf, bfj tk` btt`fjbft pulihohty,…SwhiiW ’e`t smg`tkhfe

gmvhfe hf tk` sokmmis…Sprmjuo`W bf bii-mut g`gl`rskhp jrhv`…Sbfj `fomurbe`W imobi oiulstm stbe` `xkhlhthmfs.‗ Kmw`v`r, bs Nboc Obrr pmhfts mut hf jìèbthfe, mr rbtk`r suee`sthfe,

juth`s amr <4 mr sm hfaiu`fthbi P_ZZB g`gl`rs tkbt‘ii rbhs` aufjs amr tk` 285? Umrij Z`bg,ymu f``j tm okòc mut wkbt p`mpi` ’whii jm, fmt wkbt tk`y tkhfc tkbt w` skmuij jm. Zk`r`‘s b lhe jhaa`r`fo`.‗ Hf omfoiujhfe khs `jhtmrhbi, Omx tbc`s tk` pmshthmf tkbt whii l` Tr`shj`ft_t``fkmv`f‘s>

’Zk`r` whii bism l` vmho`s urehfe tkbt tk` P_ZZB skmuij s``c tm e`t tk`gbxhgug ahfbfohbi r`turf armg tk` vhsht S`v`f bsc, bs mf` aìimw wrmt` hf b ZmphosI`tt`r tm tk` @jhtmr, amr emv`rfg`ft lbochfe amr tk` _pmrtW. U` lìh`v`, kmw`v`r, tkbt



2?4

ufju` `gpkbshs mf tk` omgg`rohbi bspòts wmuij l` jhsbstrmus, bfj tkbt tk` P_ZZBskmuij r`shst pr`ssur`s ma tkhs smrt. Zk`y skmuij hfst`bj omfo`ftrbt` mf gbchfe sur`tkbt tk` Okhf`s` br` tr`bt`j whtk omurt`sy bfj kmsphtbihty, bfj fmt `fihst`j hftm bobgpbhef amr prmgmthfe lr`bcabst o`r`bis…‗ (ZZZ , Gby-Nuf`, 2852, 21).

Uhfe ma P._. Z`bg Em`s Zm Arbfo`_t``fkmv`f wbs v`ry a`braui ma bfy pulihohty tkbt ghekt pr`v`ft tk` Okhf`s` armgvhshthfe tk` P._. _m k` wbs fmt kbppy blmut tk` `briy-Gby hfvhtbthmf tm omg` tm Arbfo`, bii`xp`fs`s pbhj, `xt`fj`j tm tk` ’Thfe-Tmfe Jhpimgboy‗ Z`bg ly \ZI (\bjhm-Zì`vhshmf-Iux`glmure) bfj Tbrhs Gbtok (’tk` Ar`fok `quhvbi`ft ma Iha`‗). Zm Erbkbg ht gby kbv`s``g`j smg`tkhfe ma b pulihohty stuft. Lut E`mre` Lrbtkwbht`, @rrmi \`s`c, bfj Zhg Lmeebfbfj tk`hr whv`s, bs wìi bs Nboc Kmwbrj, w`r`f‘t emhfe tm pbss up tk` okbfo` tm em tm Tbrhs

(bfj tk`f ibt`r _trbuslure). Bfj, sur` `fmuek, w` bii rò`hv`j tk`r` tk` bglbssbjmrhbitr`btg`ft tkbt mrjhfbrhiy mfiy tk` aihekt ma abfoy kbs k`brtl`bt fmuek amr hf r`s`rv`.

Hf Tbrhs, w` w`r` put up bt tk` Kmtì Tibzb Btk`f`, nust maa tk` Okbgps @iys``s, bimfewhtk, bs ht kbpp`f`j, tk` omiugfhst Bff Ibfj`rs, wkm bjvhs`j us tkbt tkhs wbs wk`r` sk`

biwbys stby`j‚ht sm obptur`j tk` aibvmr ma Tbrhs. _mmf w` w`r` bt tk` @haaì Zmw`r whtk tkìhtti` ehij`j-stbtu` smuv`fhr skmp bt hts ì`vbtmr lbs`. \hekt up tm tk` tmp w` w`ft. ’Uky tk`

whr` g`sk bii tk` wby brmufj=‗ H bsc`j mur omfe`fhbi, `f`re`tho euhj` Tkhihpp` Bji`r. ’T`mpiìhc` tm omg` k`r` bfj chii tk`gsìv`s,‗ k` skruee`j. ’Ht‘s b spòhbi pibo`.‗

Ht wbs amr us tmm, amr fmt mfiy w`r` w` kmfmr`j eu`sts bt b iufok`mf bt tk` Zmw`r‘sahrst-aimmr r`stburbft lut w`r` tk` a`btur`j bttrbothmf bt b v`ry amrgbi \ZI pr`ss omfa`r`fo`kìj hgg`jhbtìy bat`rwbrjs. Zkhs hs wkbt tk`y‘j hfvht`j us amr. Qhrtubiiy `v`rymf` hf tkòmggufhobthmfs g`jhb hf Tbrhs‚p`rkbps b 244 strmfe, armg Iàt tm \hekt, ma bigmst `v`ry

fbthmfbihty‚wbs r`pr`s`ft`j whtk pbj bfj p`fohi bfj obg`rb. U` w`r` `somrt`j tm b jbhs,amufj tk` fbg` obrjs hfjhobthfe mur s`bts, bjnust`j mur ghormpkmf`s, put mf mur k`bvhiy- pbjj`j `brpkmf`s tm ufj`rstbfj tk` @feihsk trbfsibthmfs, bfj ufj`r tk` hiiughfbthmf ma bfy

fugl`r ma k`bvy obg`rb ihekts bfj aibskluils amiimw`j tk` ou` ma mur pr`sthehmus gmj`rbtmr bfj amr twm kmurs fmf-stmp w`r` erhii`j whtk qu`sthmfs. Bfj fmt bii ma tk`g pr`jhotbli`.’Ukbt lmmcs wmuij ymu tbc` ha ymu kbj tm ihv` bimf` mf b j`s`rt hsi`=‗ smg`mf` bsc`j g`. Gy

bfsw`r> ’_kbc`sp`br`, C`bts, bfj b v`ry emmj jhothmfbry.‗Ht wbs bigmst auf tm wbtok tk` bt ahrst sc`pthobi lut, l` abhr, nujeg`ft‘s-emt-tm-l`-kìj-

hf-bl`ybfo` bpprbhsbis ma us ly tk`s` prma`sshmfbis bfj tk`f tm s`` tk`g, ufj`r tk` eibr`,wbrg tmwbrj tk`, ha fmt ueiy Bg`rhobf, tk` rbtk`r hefmrbft mf` bs k` kmf`stiy, hfj`p`fj`ftiy,trh`j tm bfsw`r tk`hr qu`sthmfs. Ht wbs bs ha w`‘j l``f bsc`j tm Arbfo` sm tkbt `v`rymf` omuijs`` tkbt, amr us, Okhfb wbs hfj``j bs mur bv`rbe`, uftrbhf`j H‘s, smg`thg`s k`bitkhiy

jhsber``hfe, photur j ht. Fm, w`‘j fmt l``f jhròt`j ly bfylmjy tm spmut Okhf`s` mr P._. prmpbebfjb‚w` w r` bs ar`` bs sp`òk omuij gbc` us.

Mur kmsts omuijf‘t kbv` l``f fho`r. Mur whv`s w`r` `somrt`j tm tk` kbhrjr`ss`r‘s mr tmb abskhmfbli` lmuthqu` mr kbut` omutur` kmus` wk`r` tk`y w`r` hfvht`j tm wbtok b abskhmfskmw. Ma omurs` tk`r` w`r` mppmrtufhth`s amr shekts``hfe> twm kmurs bt Q`rsbhii`s, b wbic hfGmftgbrtr`, bfj, immghfe up armg mur lmbt, Fmtr` Jbg` bs w` w`ft jmwf tk` _`hf` (’<4

lrhje`s bfj <4 o`fturh`s ma khstmry‗).Bfj surìy `v`ry tmurhst kbj tm s`` tk` skmw bt tk` Ihjm, tk` ibre`st (s`bts 2,444) ma tk`

er`bt Tbrhshbf oblbr`t-r`stburbfts. Zk`r`‘s b imfe tbli` r`s`rv`j amr us rhekt f`xt tm tk` stbe`. ’Xmucfmw wkm sbt tk`r`=‗ sbys tk` puliho rìbthmfs gbf wkm s`bts us. ’Zk` Bstrmfbuts!‗



2?2

K`y, wkbt‘s emmj `fmuek amr tkms` armg mut`r spbo` hs emmj `fmuek amr us.Okbgpbef`, st`bcs, bfj, làmr` tk` skmw em`s mf, b smrt ma quhoc j`ss`rt, b lbocstbe` vhshtwhtk tk` Liu`lìi Ehris‚wkm, bs ht kbpp`fs, br`, gmst ma tk`g, bs Bg`rhobf bs w` br`.

Thotur`s br` wbft`j. @rrmi‘s whiihfe tm mlihe` bfy pkmtmerbpk`r. _tbfjs mf thptm` tm chss mf` ma tk` Liu`lìi Ehris. ’H chss k`r amr blmut ahv` ghfut`s,‗ k` sbys, ’bfj fmtkhfe kbpp`fs. Fm mfè`ts tk` photur`.‗

Mfo` lboc bt mur s`bts, tk` ourtbhfs pbrt bfj b kmrs` bfj rhj`r omg` okbrehfe bt us!Lut \mlhf j`s Lmhs r`hfs khg hf skmrt ma mur omaa`` oi`brhfe bghj tk` tr``s ma _k`rwmmjAmr`st. Blmv`, b gbf nugps jmwf armg tk` lrbfok`s. _wmrj ahekt`rs bpp`br bfj lmufj blmut3

gbhj`fs br` r`sou`j.Lut ma omurs` ht‘s bii hiiushmf‚amr hf b ibt`r, limwf-up spòtboi` tk`s` sbg` gbhj`fs

ims`…bimfe whtk tk`hr oimtk`s, tk`hr g`jh`vbi j`gur`f`ss. Bfj gmr` hiiushmf‚ims`, tmm,ahfbiiy, tk`hr s`x…hf b tmp kbt bfj tbhis _biut b Ar`j Bstbhr`. Zk` bots omfthfu` whtk tk`v`ftrhimquhst, tk` nueei`r, tk` bormlbts, tk` omg`jy-gbehohbf t`bg, tk` gbi` jbfo`rs‚bii v`ry prma`sshmfbi.

F`xt jby w`, tmm, w`r` suht`j up. Ehv`f tk` gutubi ghsshmf ma emmjwhii, ht wbsfò`ssbry amr tk` P._. bfj Ar`fok t`bgs tm g``t. Lut tk` orbgp`j omfjhthmfs hf tk` \ZIstujhm wmuij fmt kbv` l``f sbfothmf`j mtk`rwhs`. Ht wbs mfiy tm l` `xpòt`j tkbt _òr`thf l`bt \`s`c, N`bf Tbui U`l`r l`bt Kmwbrj, Jbffy Jkmfjt l`bt Lrbtkwbht`, bfj Okrhsthbf

Oimocwhs`> @rrmi \`s`c, _biiy Lmeebf, Zhg Lmeebf, G`ri` Lrbtkwbht`, E`mre` Lrbtkwbht`,

ufhj`fthah`j ihbhsmf, Nbhrh` \`s`c, Nboc Kmwbrj



2?<

U`l`r l`bt Lmeebf. Luttk`r` wbs b pmst-gbtoksurprhs`, bt i`bst amr g`.Mf` wìi-jr`ss`je`fti`gbf ebv` g` khs

`ferbv`j obrj bfj bsc`j`ftr`bthfeiy ha k` ghektkbv` b P_ZZB gli`g.Lut, nust bs w`‘j kbj fm p`ffbfts tm `xokbfe`, smw` kbj fm `gli`gs. Zk`mfiy mf` H kbj, H tmij khg,

wbs mf gy sw`bty skhrt.Uìi=…k` s``g`j tm sby.H tmmc tk` sthfchfe tkhfemaa bfj ebv` ht tm khg‚tkbt hs, skhrt bfj bii. K` wbs jìhekt`j. B omiiòtmr‘s ht`g.

Zkbt fhekt w` w`r` eu`sts bt tk` v`ry ’hf‗ Arbfomhs-Tbtrho` r`stburbft-jhsomtk`qu` hftk` \u` Qbvhf sòthmf ma Tbrhs. Mur kmst s`rv`j us bf ìblmrbt` supp`r mf b tbli` t`ffhs tbli`

bfj aurtk`r okbrg`j us whtk b wkhpp`j ho` or`bg obc` hf tk` amrg ma b kue` rboc`t. Zk`fobg` khs omfa`sshmf. K` r`biiy jhj imv` tbli` t`ffhs, bfj bs k` kbj smg` kbrj rull`r rboc`tsbrmufj bfj b f`t, wmuij w` ghfj smg` prhvbt` piby= Fbturbiiy w` mlihe`j, bfj smmf tk`wkmi` upstbhrs `bthfe `stblihskg`ft, armg ommcs tm omoctbhi wbhtr`ss`s, wbs bs gbjiy swhfehfehf hts mwf wby bs tk` jmwfstbhrs jhsomtk`qu`.

Zk` f`xt gmrfhfe `briy w` ai`w tm _trbslmure. Bt tk` bhrpmrt w` w`r` er``t`j ly

trbjhthmfbiiy ebrl`j amic gushohbfs bfj vhiibe` ehris hf Bisbthbf omstug`s. Zk`f mf hftm tk` ohty,mur ai``t ma \`fbuits, aibes aiutt`rhfe hf tk` whfj, boomgpbfh`j ly b gmtmroyoi` `somrt‚whtk bkhek-sp``j \ZI omfv`rthli` rmbrhfe l`khfj bfj l`tw``f bfj brmufj bfj bwby armg us, whtk

wkbt omuij mfiy l` b vmiuft``r pkmtmerbpk`r jbfeihfe mut tk` whfjmw ihc` b prma`sshmfbistuftgbf hf bf àamrt tm e`t pkmtm bat`r pkmtm ma ht bii. Zry tkbt whtk tk` Okhf`s` bfj_t``fkmv`f wmuij kbv` b lr`bcjmwf bfj l` shr`f-sp`j tm b kmsphtbi.

Bat`r tk` Gbymr kbj rò`hv`j us erbohmusiy, w` gmv`j jhpimgbthobiiy mut ma tkhs so`f`bfj w`ft maa mf b lmbt rhj` tkrmuek tk` ohty‘s fbrrmw obfbis bfj imocs, tk`f vhsht`j tk` abgmusmij _trbslmure Obtk`jrbi whtk hts ufhqu` bstrmfmghobi oimoc. Bat`r wkhok ht wbs thg` amr tk` j`rheuùr t.t. xkhlhthmf l`tw``f E`mre`, Nboc, bfj @rrmi bfj ’tk` ? okbgphmfs j‘Bisbo`.‗ Bt`fs` gmg`ft mr twm k`r`, lut tm `v`rymf`‘s hgg`fs` sbthsabothmf w` l`bt tk`g.

Mf` ahfbi rò`pthmf…bt tk` Omufohi ma @urmp` wk`r`, bs ht kbpp`f`j, w` sbw hts 25

g`gl`r fbthmfs hf P.F. s`sshmf. ’Mfiy ly pmmihfe hts r`smuro`s obf @urmp` jrbw tk` auii l`fàht armg hts gbt`rhbi bfj hftìiòtubi r`smuro`s bfj, ly lòmghfe b omfthf`ftbi smoh`ty

gbhftbhf bfj omfsmihjbt` hts pmshthmf hf tk` wmrij.‗Zk`f lboc tm Tbrhs amr mf` ibst jby. Bf F.X.O. boqubhftbfo` ma ghf` wkm wbs t`bokhfe

Bg`rhobf Iht`rbtur bt tk` _mrlmff`, kbj s``f g` l`hfe hft`rvh`w`j mf Ar`fok tì`vhshmf, kbjobii`j g`, bfj tkhs ibst gmrfhfe w` w`ft tm tk` Gus`` ju Nù j` Tbug`‚tkbt sòthmf ma tk`

Imuvr` omgpi`x tkbt kmus`s tk` Ar`fok Hgpr`sshmfhsts.Ibt`r, lboc bt tk` kmtì, w` sbhj emmjly` tm mur euhj` Tkhihpp`. Amr g` k` kbj l``f b

chfjr`j smui. Khs wht‚tk` khek s`rhmusf`ss, tk` hrmfho pibyauif`ss ma ht‚H‘j biwbys bppròhbt`j.Bsc`j ha k` w`r` sbj tm s`` us em, k` omuij mfiy sby, ’H bg bs sbj bs H bg `xkbust`j.‗

Bt tk rbjhm/t i vhshmf stujhm> @rrmi \`s`c vs. Ar`fok Okbgphmf Nboqu`s _òr thfTkmtm ly Nboc Kmwbrj



2??

P._. Nufhmr Z`bg G`gl`rs, I-\, lboc> FTO Jìi _w``rhs, Lhii I`sf`r, Nàa _gbrt, Ghc` Q`hii`tt`, Jbf

_``ghii`r3 armft> Cbtky _okìt`gb, @ish` _phffhfe, Bfeihtb \msbi, bfj _u` Khij`lrbfjt

P._. Ahìjs Z`bg tm @feihsk Nufhmr Mp`fHf ghj-Bprhi, wrht`s Cbtky _okìt`gb bfj Nàa _gbrt (ZZZ , Gby-Nuf`, 2852, 23 203

2;), wkhi` tk` P._. ’Thfe-Tmfe Jhpimgboy‗ Z`bg wbs `ft`rhfe Okhfb, b P._. Nufhmr Z`bgomgpms`j ma Lhii I`sf`r, Jbf _``ghii`r, Ghc` Q`hii`tt`, _u` Khij`lrbfjt, Bfeìhtb \msbi, @ish`_phffhfe, bfj Cbtky bfj Nàa, whtk Jìi _w``rhs bs Obptbhf, omgp`t`j hf tk` @feihsk Nufhmr Mp`f bt Obft`rlury, @feibfj. Mur Hft`rfbthmfbi Okbhr \uaamrj Kbrrhsmftkmuekt tk`s` ` ftkushbstho Nufhmrs fbív` bt l`st tm gbhftbhf tkbt tk`yw`r` pibyhfe hf tk` ’Umrij Nufhmr Z`bg Okbgphmfskhp,‗ amr tk`r`

wbsf‘t bfy suok ròmefhz`j tmurfbg`ft, bfj hfj``j tk` mfiy omuftrh`s l`shj`s us wkm s`ft t`bgs tm tkhs @feihsk Nufhmr Mp`f w`r` _w`j`f, U`st E`rgbfy, Lìehug, F`tk`ribfjs, Hrìbfj, _omtibfj, bfj @feibfj.

\`suits ma tk` Ehris‘ Z`bg piby (Jbvhs Oup styi`)> Ahfbi> _w`j`f mv`r U`st E`rgbfy,?-2. _`gh‘s> _w`j`f mv`r @feibfj H3 U`st E`rgbfy mv`r @feibfj HH. Rubrt`r‘s> _w`j`f mv`r

Hrìbfj3 @feibfj H mv`r Lìehug3 U`st E`rgbfy mv`r P_B H, ?-23 @feibfj HH mv`r tk` F`tk`ribfjs.

@hektk‘s> Lìehug, whtk hts okmp bfj phoc-kht piby`rs, mv`r P_B HH, ?-4 (OkbftbiJ`libtmf l`bt Cbtky hf ?3 bfj I`b Qbf K`yl`òc, jbuekt`r ma tk` Lìehbf Obptbhf bt tk` ibt`r @urmp`bf Xmutk Okbgphmfskhps,wkm‘j piby amr k`r omuftry bt tk` ‘5? _brbn`vm Umrij‘s, l`bt @ish`<-4). P_B H mv`r _omtibfj, ?-<. _u`, ’wkm prbotho`s mat`f whtk

k`r iàtkbfj`j abtk`r,‗ \by, l`bt iàty Gmftbeu, 28, -20, 20, bfjBfeìhtb l`bt lmtk Gmftbeu bfj @ibhf` _ghtk wkm‘j piby amr _omtibfj hf _brbn`vm.

P_B H kbj b okbfo` bebhfst U`st E`rgbfy hf tk`

qubrt`r‘s wk`f Bfeìhtb, ’limochfe l`buthauiiy bfj khtthfe hftk` rhekt amr`kbfjs,‗ mp`f`j whtk b strbhekt-ebg` vhotmry mv`r

\utk \hokt`r. Lut @isb Zmfhe`r‘s ’st`bjy khts bfj uflìh`vbli`sgbsk`s‗ w`r` tmm guok amr lmtk _u` bfj Bfeìhtb, bfj wk`ftk` P_B ehris imst tk` jmuli`s hf ? tk`y w`r` mut. Ma omurs`tk`r` w`r` shekts tm s`` mtk`r tkbf bt tk` pibyhfe v`fu`> ’LheL`f, tk` Zmw`r ma Imfjmf, tk` Ormwf N`wìs, U`stghfst`r Bll`y, bfj tk` Tbibo`.‗

_omtibfj‘s @ibhf` _ghtkArmg 2852 Okhf`s` Zmur ma tk`




2?:

Hf tk` ahfbi, _w`j`f‘s Bff-Okrhsthf Kìigbf (sk`‘j piby amr _w`j`f bt tk` ‘5? Umrij‘s) jmwf`j lmtk Zmfhe`r bfj \hokt`r (wkm‘j e`t tmtk` qubrt`r‘s ma tk` ‛5: E`rgbf

Oims`j), bfj pbhr`j whtk LhrehttbMissmf tm tbc` tk` Jmuli`s hf ?. Cbtkysbhj, ’Bii ma us w`r` er`btiy hgpr`ss`jwhtk…SKìigbf‘sW omfshst`ft amr`kbfjbfj tr`g`fjmus lbockbfj sgbskbebhfst b imw okmp lbii.‗

Bls`ft armg tkhs tmurfbg`ft‚

fm, ht wbsf‘t b ’Umrij Nufhmr Zmurfbg`ft‗‚w`r` tk` Ozòk t`bg, i`j ly Himfb Qmstmvb (Umrij Umg`f‘s #?bat`r Fbemyb), tkbt wmuij whf tk`

upomghfe @urmp`bf Xmutk Okbgphmfskhps(Qmstmvb wmuij tbc` tk` _hfei`s), bfj tk` ruff`r-up Kufebrhbf t`bg, i`j ly K`frh`tt` Imtbii`r

wkm, tbii bfj whtk b pmw`raui chii mf lmtk whfes, wmuij r`pr`s`ft Kufebry bt _brbn`vm.Hf tk` _hfei`s v`fts, tk` P._. ehris bii ’imst briy‗> @ish` tm Kìibly ma @feibfj, Cbtky

tm _u` Lòcwhtk ma @feibfj, Bfeìhtb tm Brftz ma tk` F`tk`ribfjs, bfj _u`, b v`ryjhsbppmhfthfe <5-<0-hf-tk`-tkhrj gbtok tm _ghtk ma _omtibfj. @hektk‘s gbtok`s ma fmt` w`r`Zmfhe`r mv`r @feibfj‘s Ihfjb Kmwbrj (wkm ly 2850 wmuij l` Umrij #:;), \hokt`r mv`r Missmf (ly 2850 Umrij #:<). Hf tk` qubrt`r‘s, Zmfhe`r wkm‘j f`v`r l` b lhe fbg` hf Umg`f‘s

piby, bigmst l`bt Kìigbf‚imshfe 2;, -<2, -2:. Zk` _w j`, wkm‘j lòmg` b sup r-stbr (Umrij#24 ly 2850), tk`f w`ft mf tm l`bt Kìibly hf tk` s`gh‘s bfj \hokt`r 20, <2 hf tk` ahfbi.

Kìigbf wmuij bism whf lmtk

Jmuli`s‚tk` Ehris whtk Missmf mv`r tkÈ`rgbfs, bfj tk` Ghx`j whtk _w`j`f‘s CnìiKìistrmg mv`r Fmrwby‘s Tbi Euttmrgs`f/

Kìibly. Hf tk` Ghx`j, Lhii bfj Bfeh` ’piby`jsup`rl tbli` t`ffhs‗ tm must tk` #? s``jE`rgbf pbhr ma Gbfar`j Lbug/Zmfhe`r.Zk`f, bat`r imshfe tm bf @feihsk t`bg hf ?,Bfeh` wbs sthii a`ìhfe sm emmj sk` stbrti`j`v`rymf` ly chsshfe k`r lmy mppmf`ft. Jbf

bfj _u` bism jhj wìi‚wmf twm gbtok`s(tmmc b ebg` bat`r l`hfe jmwf 21-:!) làmr`

l`hfe ihghfbt j hf tk` s`gh‘s.Hf tk Lmys‘ briy Z`bg piby, P_B H (Lhii

bfj Jbf) ims` tk`hr 2st th`‚tm tk` F`tk`ribfjs, ?-2 (br bli` tm tbc` mfiy tk`

jmuli`s). P_B HH (Ghc bfj Nàa) l`bt Lìehug‚lut ht‘s b strueei . Bat`r Q`hii`tt jmwfs _hf , bfj_gbrt ims`s tm Q rstrb`t` hf ?, tk` jmuli`s hs oruohbi. Jmwf <4-25 trhpi` gbtok-pmhft hf tk` ?rj, mur euys rbiiy, bfj, bat`r kbvhfe 0 bjs, ahfbiiy pr`vbhi, <;-<1. Ghc` tk`f whfs khs <fj gbtok hf tk` ?rj.Lut, mk, mk, f`xt up amr tk` P._. hs _w`j`f H. _m amre`t ht. Nàa sbys Kìistrmg em`s tm sokmmi, lut

Himfb Qmstmvb, 2852 @urmp`bf Xmutk OkbgphmfArmg tk` Fbemyb Umrij‘s \`pmrt

@feihsk Nufhmr Ghx`j _`ghahfbihsts> Jbf & _u`Tkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



2?0

tkbt Hfe`gbr Uhcstrmgjm`sf‘t em tm sokmmi,rbtk`r kbs b nml‚e`ts pbhj ly khs oiul ’tm piby tbli`t`ffhs bii jby imfe!‗

Umrj wbs tkbt bgmftk bem Uhcstrmg,wkm‘ii l` mf _w`j`f‘s285? whffhfe _wbytkihfeOup t`bg, l`bt FhocyNbrvhs, tk` @feihsk #2 s``jk`r`. Nàa sbhj khs s`rv`s

kbj fm àaòt mf Uhcstrmg lut tkbt tk` _w`j ‘ss`rvho` ’(v`ry skmrt bfjsphffy) wbs j`vbstbthfe.‗

K` bism sbhj tkbt gmst ma tk` immps omghfe bt khg, k` f`v`r `v`f emt khs pbjji` mf.

Hf tk` mf` s`gh‘s, ht‘s _w`j`f H vs. U`st E`rgbfy. Kìistrmg, immphfe lboc Lbug‘schiis, mr jàtiy limochfe tk`g, hs up 2-4 bfj 2<-1 hf tk` <fj, lut Gbfar`j, b iàty, ourv`s `fmuekshj`sphf immps hftm tk` _w`j` tm `v`ftubiiy whf tk` gbtok. Uhcstrmg tk`f l`bts Kbfs Jùtztm th` tk` th`. Zkmuek jmwf <4-25 hf tk` 2st ebg` ma tk` jmuli`s, tk` _w`j`s whf ht, bfj whftk` <fj bt jùo` tmm. Uk`rùpmf Uhcstrmg stmps Lbug tm put _w`j`f H hf tk` ahfbi. Bfj wkmjm tk`y g``t tk`r` lut ufs``j`j _w`j`f HH (Zmfy Bfj`rsmf/Lm Hsbcssmf) wkm‘v` cfmoc`j

mut tk` F`tk`ribfjs t`bg (Kbfs Qbf J`r ^``/Kbfs Ihfe`f). Zk` ahfbi‘s f`v`r hf jmult‚tk` HHufj`rjmes obf‘t whf b ebg`.

Ibt`r, mls`rvhfe tk` @urmp`bf Xmutk Okbgphmfskhps, piby`j _wbytkihfe Oup styi`,

Tkhi \`hj pmhfts mut (_`pt.-Mot., 2852, 0) tkbt hf b c`y th` Uhcstrmg whii whf bii tkr`` ma khsshfei`s gbtok`s, lut _w`j`f whii ims` 0-? tm tk` strmfe \usshbf t`bg wkm br` fmt bt tkhs@feihsk Nufhmr Mp`f. Zk` \usshbfs, sbhj \`hj, br` bii pmc`r-abo`j mf omurt, omg` wkbt gby,

lut tk`hr t`bggbt`s ok``rhfe bt tk` lbrrh r skmw ’ufomftrmiibli `xoht`g`ft.‗ Mf` moobshmfamr tk`hr tuguitumus ok``rs hs wk`f tk`hr omgrbj`Bfbtmiy _trmcbtmv whfs, bs jhj L`fetssmf làmr` khg,tk` @urmp`bf Xmutk _hfei`s bfj Jmuli`s.

Lmys‘ _hfei`s piby hf tk` @feihsk Nufhmr Mp`fskmw 2st-rmufj ims`rs armg @feibfj wkm‘ii lòmg`

prmghf`ft bjuit piby`rs> Hbf Kmrskbg, Jmf Tbrc`r, TbuiJby, bfj _hgmf K`bps. Hf khs r`pmrt mf tk` Lmys‘

_hfei`s piby (ZZZ , _`pt.-Mot., 2852, 23 :), _gbrt tìis ustkbt hf tk` mf` s`gh‘s Nhggy Ubic`r (tkhs s`bsmf‘s@feibfj‘s Nufhmr Okbgphmf) hs tk` surprhs` whff`r mv`r Uhcstrmg. _bys Nàa, ’Xmu obf l`bt b imt ma tk emmj

piby`rs whtk mv`r-pmw`rhfe immp-chiis, lut tk` omfshst`ft limoc`r bfj phoc-khtt r obf l`bt ymu ha ymur immphfe c``psymu armg ahfhskhfe tk` pmhft.‗ Hf tk` mtk`r s`gh‘s, Lbugjmwfs Nbrvhs wkm, tkmuek k`‘ii ims`, <;-<1 hf tk` jòhjhfe

@feibfj‘s Fhocy NbrvhsArmg 285< @feihsk Mp`f Trmerbg

Nàa _gbrt> tryhfe smg`kmw tm e`t khs

pbjji` mf tk` lbiiTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf

Bfbtmiy _trmcbtmv,

2852 @urmp`bf Xmutk OkbgphmfArmg tk` @feihsk Zbli` Z ffhs F`ws, Mot., 2852



2?1

?rj, hf tk` ibst 21 ma tk` @urmp`bf Xmutk _hfei`s tm tk` \usshbf Bi`csbfjr _bprychf, whii l` mftk` @feihsk G`f‘s Z`bg bt _brbn`vm. Zk` ahfbi (ht‘s l`st < mut ma ? tmm) tk`f em`s tm Lbug hf ?mv`r Ubic`r, bat`r tk` E`rgbf hs jmwf 28-8 hf tk` <fj bfj up 2:-4 hf tk` ?rj.

Lbug, kmw`v`r, whtk khs w`bc`r pbrtf`r Jùtz, ims` hf tk` Jmuli`s ahfbi tm tk`_w`j`s wkm, bat`r ? pmhfts em ly hf tk` <fj ebg`, ’sujj`fiy stmp piby bfj em lboc amr smg`

ombokhfe‚bfj fm mf` sbys b tkhfe!‗Hf omfoiujhfe, Nàa ure`s tk` Bssmohbthmf tm omfthfu` ’s`fjhfe t`bgs, `spòhbiiy nufhmrs,tm amr`hef tmurfbg`fts.‗ Uky= Lòbus` tk` ’sup`rhmr omgp`ththmf lrhfes mut tk` l`st hf mur piby`rs bfj ehv`s tk`g er`bt hfo`fthv` tm rbhs` tk`hr i`vì ma piby.‗ Lòbus` s`fjhfe t bgsblrmbj prmgmt`s hft`rfbthmfbi arh`fjskhp Sbs tk` Okhf`s` wìi cfmwW.‗ Bfj lòbus`’pbrthohpbfts mf suok trhps obf phoc up pmhft`rs, f`w tòkfhqu`s, hffmvbthmfs tkbt tk`y ghektf`v`r kbv` l``f bli` tm i`brf armg ombok`s hf tk` _tbt`s.‗

_@I@OZ@J FMZ@_.*L`fetssmf wbs r`pmrt`j tm kbv` sbhj ma tk` Okhf`s` bt Fbemyb, ’SZk`W okhfc hf tk`hr

brgmr wbs tk`hr g`ftbi btthtuj`. Ht mfiy tmmc b 28-bii jùo` tm skbtt`r tk`g. Zk`y jhj fmt kbv`

tk` sbg` omgpmsur` bfj omfahj`fo` tkbt tk`y kbj wk`f tk`y ibst r`hef`j tk` wmrij.‗ Ma omurs` Khs @f-thfe whii l` tk` 285? Umrij _hfei`s Okbgphmf, bfj Ihbfe Cm-ihbfe whii em mf

tm whf tkr`` Umrij Jmuli`s Okbgphmfskhps.**Lbrf`s wrmt` b lmmc (bs tmij tm T`t`r Gbje`) obii`j Gmr Zkbf B Gbtok (2818)

tkbt wbs lrhàiy r`vh`w`j hf tk` P._. ly Jmf Euff (ZZZ , _`pt.-Mot., 2852, 24). Jmf sbys tkbtLbrf`s, ’wkm quht sokmmi bt 20‗ tm lòmg` b prma`sshmfbi piby`r, ’maa`rs mfiy mf` okbpt`r mfkmw tm piby‗‚wk`r`hf k` gbc`s ht oi`br tkbt khs ’mphfhmf ma jà`fs` hs quht` imw.‗ Nust kht tk` lbii ’bs kbrj bs ymu obf tk` ahrst thg`‗‚tkbt‘s khs shgpi` bjvho`. Euff ihv`fs up khs r`vh`w

whtk suok pbssbe`s bs tk`s`>

’…Mfo` tk`r` wbs b Ok`st`r

Lbrf`s Abf Oiul. G`gl`rskhp smbr`j tmtkhrty-twm, gmst ma wkmg w`r` ehris hf mfòibss, pmsshliy bt tk` sbg` sokmmi wkms`

ebrj`f`r tmij Lbrf`s tkbt tk` ehris w`r`‛\`bi t`rrmrs. H c`pt b phtokamrc kbfjywk`f wmrchfe hf tk` skrull`ry.‘…

…K SOk st rW r a rs tm khsgbrrhbe , abtk`rkmmj bfj jhvmro hf b g`r`hekt ihf s. Khs smf wbs fbg`j Ok st r, lut

tk wha w`ft fbg i ss3 ‛mf ma gy i sssuoo ssaui gbtok s.‘ B omftrhluthfe obus tm

tk gbrhtbi jhsbst r gby nust pmsshliy l`…Sl obus W jurhfe tk pibyhfe s bsmf k`bv`rbe`s mf ar` fhekt v`ry tkr` w``cs.‗

***Làmr` pibyhfe hf tk` 2852 Umrij Okbgphmfskhps, Jmghfem kbj 24 y`brs ma tmurfbg`ft xp`rh`fo`, hfoiujhfe kbvhfe l``f b trhpi` whff`r hf G_, GJ, bfj [J hf lmtk tk`2815 bfj 281; Tkhihpphf` Fbthmfbi Okbgphmfskhps. K` bism Obptbhf`j tk` Tkhihpphf` Z`bg tmtk` 281; Bshbf Okbgphmfskhps.

Ok`st`r Lbrf`sArmg Lbrf`s‘s Gmj`rf Zbli` Z ffhs Zbothos, omv`r



2?5

Okbpt`r @i`v`f

2852> Obfbjhbf Oims`j I`bv`s OF@. 2852> P. _.

Hft`romiièhbt` Okbgphmfskhps. 2852> @fj-ma-_`bsmf Zmurfbg`fts.

Amr tk` ahrst thg` shfo` 2804, tk` Obfbjhbf Oims`j wmuij fmt l` piby`j bt Zmrmftm hf omfnufothmf whtk tk` OF@3 tkhs y`br‘s v`fu`wbs bt Kbihabx, Fmvb _omthb, Gby <<-<:. Nms` Zmgchfs‘ omv`rbe`(OZZB F`ws, Mot., 2852, :-8) skmw`j lmtk tk` Mftbrhm Umg`f‘s bfjG`f‘s t`bgs ahfhskhfe ahrst hf tk` Hft`r-Trmvhfohbi Gbtok`s. Hf tk`hr 0-<s`gh‘s whf mv`r Lrhthsk Omiuglhb, Ru`lò omuij baamrj imss`s lyGbrhbff Jmgmfcms bfj Arbfohf` Okbr`tt` tm L.O.‘s t``fbe` Ozòk

`gherbft Ghi`fb \mujfb. Lut bebhfst Mftbrhm hf tk` ahfbi tk`y f``j`j`v`rytkhfe tk`y omuij e`t‚wkhok, bibs, amr tk`g wbs lut twm whfs._thii, tbc` fmt`> Ru`lò‘s ’Nmyo` Kòkt, khtthfe ihc` b the`r mf lbockbfj bfj amr`kbfj whtk k`r f`w Jmuli` Kbpphf`ss lbt, jmwf`j

lmtk N`ffy Gbrhfcm bfj Kì`f _hg`ri bfj tmmc tk` ahrst ebg` armgQhmi`ttb.‗

Hf tk` G`f‘s, tk` L.O. t`bg kbj omg` mut ma hts rmufj rmlhf whtk b whf mv`r Ru`lò>Ibrry I`` kbj somr`j ? whff`rs bfj Tkhihp Umm Ok`fe tk` f``j`j < gmr` (mv`r Bjkbg_kbrbrb bfj \mj Xmufe wkm‘j i`j I`` 2-4 bfj, làmr` imshfe tk` <fj <:-<<, wbs up twm gbtok pmhfts). L.O.‘s whf biimw`j tk`g tk` `bsy ormssmv`r gbtok bebhfst Gbfhtmlb (k bj`j lyBfjr`w Xhfe)3 wkhi` Ru`lò kbj tm em up bebhfst Mftbrhm bfj omuij jm fm l`tt`r tkbf EuyE`rgbhf‘s mf` whf bebhfst @rrmi Ob`tbfm. Mftbrhm w`ft mf tm l`bt L.O. 0-< wk`f Ob`tbfm

tmmc ?, Ubii (imshfe tm I``) l`bt Ok`fe, bfj T`t`r Emfjb (imshfe tm I``) wbs tmm emmj amr C`f I`mfe.

Hf G`f‘s _hfei`s, Mttbwb‘s J`r`c Gbrskbg ìhghfbt`j

Okbt`bueuby‘s _kbrbrb (J`r`c bfj khs t`bggbt` TbtBrcìi wmuij smmf l` r`turfhfe tm tk` Lrhthsk Hsi`s, i`bvhfe_y Aufe tm l` tk` f`w Mttbwb Oims`j Okbgp mv`r Jhoc

GoChffmf). Ob`tbfm, jmwf 2-4 bfj bt jùo` hf tk` <fj

bebhfst Ok`fe, stby`j bihv`‚tk`f hf tk` jòhjhfe ?rj, bt28-bii, wbs kìp`j ly bf je` lbii tkbt v`ftubiiy biimw`jkhg tm <:-<< `sobp` jà`bt. _heeh Cufz ‟<2, <;, 2? ups`tE`rgbhf, tk`f obrrh`j Ob`tbfm tm 0. Hf wkbt kbj tm l` tk` l`st gbtok ma tk` tmurfbg`ft, Gbx Gbrhfcm must`j Ibrry

I``‚jùo` hf tk` 0tk, bat`r l`hfe jmwf 20-<4! XmufeTbui Ci`vhfbs, l`khfj 2-4 bfj bt <2-bii hf tk` <fj, survhv`j

L.O.‘s @rho Obivì`y, tk`f `xt`fj`j Jà`fjhfe OkbgpUbii tm 0.

Zk` mf` s`gh‘s sbw Ubii rbtk`r rmuthfìy tbchfe mutEmfjb hf :. Lut hf tk` mtk`r…Gbx kbj @rrmi <-4 bfj <4-

2; hf tk` ?rj lut omuijf‘t oims`, omuijf‘t whf tk` gbtokwkhi` b ermup ma ymufe g`f hf tk` bujh`fo` ufspmrthfeiy’bppibuj`j khs rrmrs.‗ Bebhfst J`r`c hf tk` ahfbi, @rrmirbiih`j armg jmwf <-4 tm whf b tbut 28 ?rj ebg` tkbt

Nmyo` KòktArmg OZZB F`ws, A`l.,

2854, omv`r

Gbx GbrhfcmTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



2?;

’prmjuo`j gbfy abftbstho rbiih`s, omglhfhfeimmps armg omrf`r tm omrf`r, jrmp skmts,simw tmp sphfs bfj chiis armg @rrmi, wkhi`J`r`c r`turf`j lbii bat`r lbii…mf tmp ma khsamrg.‗ Lut bat`r Ob`tbfm wmf tk` :tk, Ubii‘s

Mv`r :4 ahtf`ss wbs fmt obii`j hftm qu`sthmfbfj ’khs oi`v`riy pibo`j skmts‗ w`r` tmmguok amr @rrmi.

Hf tk` Umg`f‘s, Gbrhbff Jmgmfcmssomr`j bf ups`t whf mv`r Qìtb Bjghfhs3wkhi` Aimrb F`sucbhths kbj mp`fhfe 0tk-ebg`kmp`s, abis` kmp`s bs ht turf`j mut, ma jmhfe

hf Nmyo` Kòkt. Ma omurs` tk` whff`r ma tkhsOims`j‚sk`‘j wmf k`r ahrst hf ‛10, wmuij l`whffhfe k`r 24tk hf ‛50‚wbs Qhmi`ttb, hf :mv`r Kì`f _hg`ri. Qhmi`ttb bism tmmc lmtk

Jmuli`s‚tk` Umg`f‘s whtk shst`r Aimrbsgbochfe hf whff`rs (mv`r _hg`ri/Gbrh`

C`rr), bfj tk` Ghx`j whtk Ob`tbfm (mv`r Emfjb/Jmgmfcms wkm‘j pr`vbhi`j mv`r Ok`fe/Aimrb F`sucbhths jùo` hf tk` ?rj).G`f‘s Jmuli`s w`ft tm Ubii/I`` mv`r

Ob`tbfm/Emfjb (bat`r tk`y‘j abii`f l`khfj 2<-1 hf tk` 0tk).Bt tk` Gby @bst`rf Obfbjb Mp`f tk`r` w`r` b a`w

Bg`rhobfs (bigmst bii armg \mok`st`r, F.X.) bgmfe tk`trmpky whff`rs. O _hfei`s> Lml Lrhocìi (\mok`st`r) mv`r _t`v` Aìjst`hf (Uhiimw, Mftbrhm). J _hfei`s> Nhg _kmmts

(\mok`st`r) mv`r Bfjy Bfvìt (\mok`st`r). Umg`f‘s L_hfei`s> Cbtki``f \`ghfetmf (amrg`riy armg \mok`st`r,fmw mut ma Thttslurek=) mv`r Jbri`f` GoObff

(\mok`st`r).H pr`sug` ly

tk` Nuf` Ibur`fthbfMp`f, \bipk _prbttkbj hgpmrt`j amr tkÒkbt`bueuby Oiul tkbt

s`t ma Nboqu`s tbli`s.Lut ht kbj tm l`

smg`tkhfe ma bsurprhs` tm s`` tkbtf`htk`r T`t`r _t`pk`fs fmr Jbv` Tkhihp emt `v`f tm tk`s`gh‘s ma tk L‘s (wmf ly Curt J‘@fjì mv`r C`f C`rr wkm

wbs r`-ìòt`j Tr`shj`ft ma tk` Mftbrhm Bssmohbthmf bfj ehv`fbf Bokh`v`g`ft Bwbrj tm lmmt). Mr tkbt f`htk`r Luch`t/

\ml`rts fmr Lrbtkwbht`/_khrmcy omuij bjvbfo` tm tk` ahfbi ma tk` G`f‘s Jmuli`s. Lut wbs ht bsurprhs` tkbt tk` whff`r ma tk` G`f‘s _hfei`s turf`j mut tm l` …Luch`t mv`r Lrbtkwbht`=

T`r`ffhbi Obfbjhbf Umg`f‘s Okbgphmf

Qhmi`ttb F`sucbhths

Nhg _kmmts, bihbs ’Zk` _kmmt`r‗Tkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf

\bipk _prbtt, Bsst. @j. ma tk OZZB F`wsArmg OZZB F`ws, Mot., 2852



2?8

P. _. Hft`romiièhbt`‘s

Zk` 2852 P._. Hft`romiièhbt` Okbgphmfskhps w`r` kìj Bpr. <:-<0 bt \`fssìb`r Tmiytòkfho Hfshthtut` hf Zrmy, F.X. Zk`r`‘j l``f `brih`r \èhmfbi omgp`ththmf‚amr `xbgpi`,hf tk` Zkhrj \èhmf (F`w N`rs`y, F`w Xmrc, Imfe Hsibfj, T`ffsyivbfhb, bfj Jìbwbr`), kìjbt Tkhiiy‘s Jr`xì Pfhv`rshty, P._. Nufhmr Okbgphmf Ghtok _`bithì kbj wmf tk` _hfei`s armg

tk` \èhmf‘s Jmuli`s Okbgphmfs Jbv` Tkhihp bfj Nboc Uh`f`r.Hf khs wrht`-up (ZZZ , Gby-Nuf`, 2852, <8), P_ZZBHft`romiièhbt` Okbhr _tubrt Ibssbr prbhs`s Jhròtmr \hokbrj Ok`famr b ’t`rrhaho nml‗ hf gbchfe tkhs ’tk` ibre`st Hft`romiièhbt`s y`t.‗Zk` (?4-t`bg) twm-piby`r Z`bg `v`ft (lmtk piby`rs gust r`pr`s`fttk` sbg` sokmmi) sbw tk` `briy ìhghfbthmf ma _urbsbc, _`bithì, bfjIbfjbu t`bgs. Zk` ibt`-rmufj \`suits (piby`j Jbvhs Oup styi`)

w`r` bs amiimws> Ahfbi> Pfhv`rshty ma Luaabim (Nhg Jhxmf, Gbfar`jNbkf) `bshiy jà`bt`j GHZ (Okuoc Okbf, Nm` I``), ?-4. _`gh‘s> PLjà`bt`j L`rfbrj Lbruok Omiiè` (Tkhihp, Uh`f`r), ?-2> Tkhihp j.Jhxmf, <-23 Nbkf j. Uh`f`r, <-23

Jhxmf/Nbkf j. Tkhihp/Uh`f`r, <-23Jhxmf j. Uh`f`r, <-4. _`gh‘s> GHZ

j. \TH (Gmkbf \bm/\hokbrjOk`f), ?-<> \bm j. I``, <-43 Okbfj. Ok`f, <-43 Okbf/I`` j. \bm/Ok`f, <-23 \bm j. Okbf, <-23 I``j. Ok`f, 28, 28. ?rj Tibo`> \TH j.LLO, ?-2> \bm j. Uh`f`r, <-23

Tkhihp j. Ok`f, <-23 \bm/Ok`f j. Tkhihp/Uh`f`r, <-23 \bm j.Tkhihp, <?-<2 hf tk` ?rj.

Zk` Jmuli` @ihghfbthmf 14-`ftry _hfei`s v`ft wbs

wmf ly _urbsbc, wkm gust kbv` l``f omfo`ftrbthfe gmr` mfkhs stujh`s, amr k`‘j kbv` fm Fbthmfbi \bfchfe tkhs s`bsmf bfjhfj``j wmuij l` rbfc`j #< l`khfj Ihg Ghfe Okuh hf F`w

@feibfj. _òmfj> Qho Ibfjbu, wkm imst twho`, lmtk thg`s ?-2,tm _urbsbc. Zkhrj> Jhxmf, wkm ’piby`j b abftbstho ahrst twmebg`s lut imst tm _urbsbc (-<4, <?, -;) bfj tk`f, H tkhfc tkmrmuekiy `xkbust`j, tm Ibfjbu (-20, 28, -25, -21).‗ Amurtk>_`bithì, l`bt`f ly Ibfjbu, <-4 bfj ly Jhxmf, ?-2.Rubrt`rahfbihsts w`r`> Okbf, \bm, Nbkf, bfj Tkhihp.

@fj-ma-_`bsmf Zmurfbg`fts

Zk` Imfe Hsibfj ZZB wmuij l` kmsthfe tk` P._. Mp`f f`xt y`br, sm fmt surprhshfeiytk`hr ‘52 Oims`j ràiòt`j strmfe imobi hft`r`st. \`suits> G`f‘s> @rrmi \`s`c mv`r E`mre`Lrbtkwbht`, ?-2. _`gh‘s> \`s`c mv`r Zhg Lmeebf, ?-43 Lrbtkwbht` mv`r Aubrfbjm \ml`rts, ?-2. Umg`f‘s> Biho` Er``f mv`r @ghiy Auii`r, ?-4. _`gh‘s> Er``f mv`r Tè Jbiy, ?-43 Auii`r mv`r

@vìyf ^bcbrhf, -21, -2;, 28, ;, 20. G`f‘s Jmuli`s> \`s`c/Lrbtkwbht` ?-2 mv`r T`t`r _t`pk`fs/\mry Lrbsshfetmf wkm‘j jmwf`j \ml`rts/Jbf Er``f bat`r l`hfe jmwf <-2 bfj bt<4-bii hf tk` :tk. Umg`f‘s Jmuli`s> Jbiy/Qhnb Ihvhfs mv`r ^bcbrhf/Auii`r, ?-4. Ghx`j Jmuli`s>Kbi/Biho` Er``f ?-2 mv`r Lrbtkwbht`/Jbiy wkm‘j sobp`j \`s`c/^bcbrhf, jùo` hf tk` 0tk.

Gbfar`j Nbkf, whff`r whtk

Nhg Jhxmf ma tk` 2852 P._.

Hft`romiièhbt` Z`bg‘sTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf

_urbsbc, 2852 P._.

Hft`romiièhbt` Okbgphmf



2:4

Mtk`r whff`rs> Oibss B> @rfst Uhii`r mv`r Ebry Bjìgbf, ?-4.Oibss L> Nmkf GoErbw mv`r Nmkf Imoc`, ?-4. Oibss O> Ar`j Jbff`r mv`r _t`v` Er``fwbij, ?-4. B Jmuli`s> Nmkf GoErbw/Jbf Er``fmv`r K`fry Jùtsok bfj G`f‘s Omfsmibthmf whff`r Gburho` C`fjbi.L Jmuli`s> Imoc`/T`t`r Kmij`r mv`r _hj Nbomls/_tbf Uhskfhmwsch, ?-

4. _`fhmr‘s> Kbi Er``f mv`r Jùtsok, ?-2. _`fhmr Jmuli`s> Er``f/Ubit`r _kur mv`r Nbomls/Ghtok _hil`rt. Lmys 25> Ebry Bjìgbf mv`r khs whffhfe Nufhmr Jmuli`s pbrtf`r Nmkf GoErbw, ?-4. Ehris 25> G.I`mfkbrjt mv`r Lbrlbrb _kìi`y. Pfj`r 20> \hokbrj _kìi`y mv`r GoErbw. ‟21, <<, 2:. Pfj`r 2?> Nàa ^bcbrhf mv`r Jbvhj \ul`fst`hf,<-4. Abtk`r/_mf Jmuli`s> I`ffy/Ebry Bjìgbf mv`r Zhg/_omttLmeebf, <-4.

ZkÙk`ìokbhr whff`r wbs Lbijwhf‘s ghj-tkhrtyhsk Nmkf

@l`rt, abtk`r tm twmjbuekt`rs bfj b smf, wkm, w` i`brf armg

L`rfh` Lèibf`‘s Trmahi` (ZZZ , Nuiy-Bue.,2852, 22), bs bf 2;-y`br-mij Gbrhf` kbjomftrbot`j pmihm. Zkmuek `brih`r Nmkf kbjfm hft`r`st hf spmrts, k`‘s ’omgp`t`j hf tk` Fbthmfbi Uk`ìokbhr BB Ebg`s amr tk` ibsts`v`f y`brs bfj kbs wmf lmwihfe Swha`

Jhbfb tbuekt khg kmw tm lmwiW bfj tbli`t`ffhs okbgphmfskhps.‗ Khs btki`thoboomgpihskg`fts br` abr-r`bokhfe> ’Hf tk`

ibst Tbf-Bg Ebg`s hf Bre`fthfb…‛H wmf bemij g`jbi hf tbli` t`ffhs, twm shiv`r g`jbishf swhgghfe (ar``styi` bfj lr`bst strmc`)

bfj twm lrmfz` g`jbis hf ahìj v`fts(nbvìhf bfj skmt put).‘‗

Hf Nuf`, k`‘ii kìp ’tk` @bst`rf Tbrbiyz`j Q`t`rbfs Bssmohbthmf, lmtk bs b omgp`thtmr bfj bsshstbft ombok, obptur` tk` fbthmfbi t`bg thti` amr tk` ahrst thg` hf 20 y`brs.‗ Zk`f, omg`Nuiy, hf tk` Tbf-Bg Uk`ìokbhr Ebg`s hf Chfestmf, Nbgbhob, @l`rt whii ups`t Ummjshj`, ImfeHsibfj‘s Lbrt GoFhokmi, kmij`r ma shx strbhekt fbthmfbi thti`s, tm whf b emij hf tk` Oibss 2-L

omgp`ththmf, tk`f pbhr whtk GoFhokmi tm tbc` tk` Jmuli`s. Fm T`ffsyivbfhb tmurf`ys r`pmrt j, lut Tkhibjìpkhb‘s _tbf _gmibfmwhoz wmf tk`

Jìbwbr` Lrbfjywhf` Hfvhtbthmfbi _hfei`s (mv`r Jbv` L`rbrj) bfj tk` Jmuli`s whtk Tkhiiyoiulgbt` Nmkffy Mu. _bi A`rthttb tìis us (ZZZ , Gby-Nuf`, 2852, ?4) tkbt bt tk` JìbwbrÒims`j, piby`j bt tk` F`wbrc Oiul whtk, bibs, hts ’pmmr aimmrhfe bfj eibrhfe sufihekt,‗ C`fUmmjs, ’b pius-:4 jà`fj`r whtk r`gbrcbli` stbyhfe pmw`r, jà`bt`j immp`r Bfcur Turmkht tm

whf tk` stbt` thti`.‗ Ummjs bs G`f‘s Okbgphmf kbj tk` ufhqu` jhsthfothmf, bt i`bst hf rò`ftthg`s, ma whffhfe tk` _`fhmr‘s tmm. G`f‘s Jmuli`s w`ft tm Lml Kuek`s bfj Jà`fjhfe _hfei`sOkbgp Jmf @st`p. Lrbfjywhf` Oiul Tr`shj`ft Ubit Euy`r wmf tk` Oibss B3 F`wbrc OiulTr`shj`ft Nboc Ghii`r tk` Oibss L, bfj whtk Euy`r tk` Oibss L Jmuli`s.

Jbvhj \ul`fst`hf

Nmkf @l`rt, Tbf Bg Emij G`jbi Uk`ìokbhr Uhff`rTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



2:2

Zk` r`suits ma twm Lbithgmr` tmurfbg`fts whtkhf nust b a`w w``cs ma mf` bfmtk`r‚tk`Gbrok <5-<8 Er`bt`r Lbithgmr` Oims`j bfj tk` Bprhi 25-2; Lbithgmr` Omufty Hfvhtbthmfbi(Hfvhtbthmfbi= Ukbt jm`s tkbt g`bf= U`r` br`b piby`rs botubiiy hfvht`j mr `xoiuj`j=)‚skmw`jtk` sbg` omft`fj`rs. Gbrc \bjmg, <<-y`br-mij Zmwsmf _tbt` erbjubt`, wmf tk` Oims`j_hfei`s (mv`r Jhoc Jbvhjsmf, Gmrt Er``fl`re, Obri Eufj`rsjmra) bfj tk` Jmuli`s whtk

Er``fl`re (mv`r _hfei`s ahfbihst Eufj`rsjmra/Jmf Gbrstmf wkm‘j jmwf`j Oibss B whff`r Lml L`rc`lhi` bfj ruff`r-up Jr. @j Eutgbf, tk` whffhfe B Jmuli`s pbhr). Omv`rhfe wrht`r Nboc Jbwsmf (ZZZ , Nuiy-Bue., 2852, <:) sbys Er``fl`re stbrt`j pibyhfe bt 24 hf tk` N`whskBiihbfo` o`ft`r mf @bst Lbithgmr` _tr``t,‗ bfj hs fmw b Tkys @j. t`bok`r ’wkm tutmrs amur oibss`s ma 04 ymufest`rs bt Khii`fjbi` @i`g`ftbry _okmmi.‗

I`ffy Ci`hf, Lbithgmr`

Omufty Hfvhtbthmfbi Uhff`rTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf

Lml L`rc`lhi`

Lbithgmr`‘s l`st @squhr`, Okbrih` T`brsmf

@i`bfmr Trhtok`tt, Lbithgmr` Umg`f‘s

Okbgphmf, bfj kuslbfj Ehi



2:<

Bt tk` Hfvhtbthmfbi, I`ffy Ci`hf, wkm bt tk` Oims`j kbj l``f l`bt`f hf 0 ly L`rc`lhi`,tmmc tk` _hfei`s mv`r, ahrst, \bjmg, <1-<: hf tk` :tk, tk`f ahfbihst Er``fl`re wkm‘j must`jEufj`rsjmra, <1, -2<, 28, 28. G`f‘s Jmuli`s w`ft tm Eufj`rsjmra/L`rc`lhi` mv`r \bjmg/Er``fl`re, 2; hf tk` ?rj. Oibss B wbs wmf ly Jmf Gbrstmf mv`r L`rc`lhi` bfj Ehi Trhtok`tt.L`st amr tk`hr be`s> Gbrstmf hf tk` _`fhmr‘s3 Okbrih` T`brsmf hf tk` @squhr`‘s.

Umg`f‘s whff`r bt lmtk tmurfbg`fts wbs 2?-y`br-mij Nubfhtb _bftbfb armg tk`K`rrhfe \uf rò o`ft`r wkmg Jbwsmf j`sorhl`s bs b ’tmglmy‗ whtk ’b Ibthf t`gp`r.‗ ZkmuekNubfhtb sbys, ’H‘g biwbys sobr`j wk`f H piby,‗ p`rkbps tkhs gbc`s k`r wbry blmut wkbt lbiis tm pusk mr limoc bfj wkbt mf`s tm oimll`r whtk k`r amr kbfj. O`rtbhfiy sk` wbs sgbrt `fmuek tmtwho` e`t ly <-thg` Er`bt`r Lbithgmr` Okbgphmf, @i`bfmr Trhtok`tt, Ehi‘s wha`, bfj l` bwhff`r hf Umg`f‘s bfj Ghx`j Jmuli`s (whtk Er``fl`re), bs wìi bs jmghfbthfe tk` EhrisPfj`r 2?, 20, 25 `v`fts. L`st Pfj`r 22 Ehri wbs _bfjy L`fetsmf. L`st hf Lmys 25> Gbrc

Kbrrhs. Lmys Pfj`r 2? l`st, Lrybf Ju`.Bt tk` Gbr. <5 Mribfjm Mp`f, tk` G`f‘s w`ft tm \hokbrj GoBa`` mv`r \by

G`reihbfm. Uhtk \by immphfe bfj \hokbrj amiimwhfe up whtk pmhft-whff`rs, tk` twm tmmc tk`Jmuli`s armg Gbrv Iàa/_t`v` \hem. B Okbgp wbs _tu Obpihf mv`r _t`v` A`j`rhom. L`st hf

L‘s> N`rry T`rigutt`r mv`r Fmvho` bfj Omfsmibthmf whff`r Erè Ehfemij. Ebyi` \me`rs wmftk` Umg`f‘s bfj tk` Ehris Pfj`r 25 mv`r J`llh` _oruees (Ghx`j whff`r whtk G`reihbfm),

bfj tk` Pfj`r 20‘s armg NmkfTmiibrj, ruff`r-up tm

Omrfìhus Kbrrhsmf hf tk` 25‘s.

Bprhi bt tk` Ghsshsshpph_tbt` Pfhv`rshty Mp`f sbwJmf Ebhtk`r whf tk` G`f‘s

vhb eutsy gbtok`s‚mv`r ruff`r-up \bipk Chssì (jùo`hf tk` 0tk) bfj ?rj Tibo` ahfhsk`r

Qbf _ok`rp`fz`ì (bat`r l`hfe<-4 jmwf). (Kmw`v`r, ibt`r hfBprhi, bt tk` _mutk`rf

Hfvhtbthmfbi hf Er``fvhii`, _.O.Jmf wmuij ims` b -20, 28, 28, -<4, -<< chii`r tm Kmg`r Lrmwf.)

Jrbwhfe ly Zmg Zbrrbft HQ

Tkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmfKmg`r Lrmwf


Ha H obf

e`t Ebhtk`r

tm ruf ihc`

tkhs...

Mppmf`ft‘s

Kmp`

Ebhtk`r‘s

ufokbfehfe

stbfo`



2:?

Jmuli`s whff`rs bt tkhs Ghsshsshpph _tbt` Omiiè` tmurf`y w`r` Ebhtk`r bfj Ibfo` \ms`gmr` mv`r Ibrry Lbrti`y/Chss i (Ibfo`, kbvhfe pbhr`jwhtk Okuoc Ghokìi, wmuij bism whf tk` Jmuli`s bt Er``fvhii` mv`r Lrmwf/Chssì, bs wìi bs tk` B‘s armg T`t` Gby). Oibss B w`ft tmLbrti`y mv`r \ms`gmr` hf 03 Oibss L tm N`rry Zkrbsk`r mv`r Nbg`s

Bit`flbok, whff`r ma tk` Pfj`r 28‘s armg Nm` Tkbrm. L`st hf _`fhmr‘s>Eus Brg`s mv`r Lml Aimw`rs.Bt tk` <4tk Bffubi Ghjw`st Mp`f,

piby`j hf Omiuglus, Mkhm, Nmkf Zbff`khii wmf lmtk tk` G`f‘s _hfei`s (mv`r ourr`ft MkhmOims`j Okbgp Zhg M‘Ermscy) bfj tk` Jmuli`swhtk L`rt Nbomls (mv`r _hfei`s ruff`r-up Nmkf

_p`fo`r bfj ?rj-Tibo` ahfhsk`r Nmkf Z`gpi`).Zbff`khii bfj Nbomls, H ghekt bjj, wmuij kbv`smg` bjv`ftur`s tkhs sugg`r. Zk`y‘j trh`jufsuoo`ssauiiy tm g``t up whtk Fmrly Qbf j`

Ubii` hf Lìehug, tk`f @lly _okmi`r hfE`rgbfy wkm bjvhs`j tk`g tm try tm ahfj

suhtbli` omgp`ththmf hf _whtz`ribfj. Lut shfo`Nmkf omuijf‘t ahfj tk` j`shr`j piby tk`r`, L`rtsbys (ZZZ , Nuiy-Bue., 2852, 1) tk`y jòhj`j tmoihgl tk` Gbtt`rkmrf. Ukhok wbs bigmst b v`ry lbj ghstbc`, amr Nmkf ’obg` v`ry oims` tm abiihfe?,444 a``t‗3 amrtufbtìy ’b _w`jhsk gmuftbhf

oihgl`r…erbll`j khs brg.‗ Zk`y tk`f trboc`j jmwf tk` _w`jhsk t`bg(L`fetssmf, Nmkbfssmf, L`rfkbrjt…) wkm w`r` pbrthohpbthfe hf b oihfhohf Crbfamrs, f`br Ibpibfj, bfj Nmkf nmhf`j tk`g. K`r`‘s Nbomls

omgg`fthfe mf tk`hr jbhiy trbhfhfe rmuthf`>

’…Lr`bcabst, smoo`r amr bf kmur bfj b kbia, prbotho` amr twm kmurs, iufok,

prbotho` amr twm kmurs, ruffhfe, gmr prbotho`, jhff`r….Zk`f tk` jby obg`. L`fetssmf sbys tm Nmkf, ‛Zkhs whii l` ymur j`btk, Xbkf.‘ Ht

wbs ahv` ghi`s ma ruffhfe auii sp``j up b gmuftbhf. Nmkf strueei`j tm tk` fj bfjahfhsk`j. Zk` bgbz`j _w`j`s prmfmufo`j Nmkf fmt f`briy bs w`bc bs gmst Bg`rhobf piby`rs bfj bsc`j khg tm r`turf hf tk` autur`.‗

Umg`f‘s bt tkhs Ghjw`st Mp`f w`ft fmt tm Oims`j Okbgp Nmbff` Thoc`tt mr k`r stbt`rhvbis _oku`r bfj _kmmc lut tm _u` Khij`lrbfjt mv`r aìimw Ghokhebf`r Nbfho` Gbrthf. _u`

bfj Nbfho` tmmc tk` Umg`f‘s Jmuli`s armg Bff` _kmmc/Bff \u`ji`3 Nbfho`/Lhii I`sf`r tk`Ghx`j armg _oku`r/Lhii Kmje`. Bff` _kmmc (gbrrh`j fbg`, Ahsk) hs ’v`ry strmfeiy hf abvmr ma Umg`f‘s \hekts,‗ bfj sm sk`‘s pi`bs`j tkbt Mkhm ZZB maahohbis ihst`f`j tm k`r bfj mtk`r wmg`f‘s omgpibhfts (wkhok w`r`=) bfj bot`j abvmrbliy mf tk`g.

Hf bf `brih`r okbpt`r, L`rt Nbomls kbj tmij us smg`tkhfe blmut Mkhm‘s Ghc` J`gps`y,amr Ghc`‘s boomgpihskg`fts em lboc tm 2818 wk`f P._. Uk`ìokbhr Okbgphmf Nmkf Erby kbj lrmuekt Ghc` tm tk` Fbthmfbi Uk`ìokbhr Ebg`s‚bfj tk` chj kbj ups`t v`t rbf _`re`Nì`f`vscy amr tk` emij. Uk`ìokbhr btki`t`s omgp`t` ’boomrjhfe tm aufothmf lbs`j mf sphfbi

N`rry Zkrbsk`r,

Oibss L Uhff`r hf

Ghsshsshpph

L`rt Nbomls



2::

omrj hfnury i`vì mr omgpbrbli` gusoi` str`fetk.‗ _hfo`Ghc` omgp`t`s hf tk` i`bst jhsbli`j obtèmry, tk` gmr`sm whtk khg tk` sbyhfe, ’Ht‘s Blhihty, fmt Jhsblhihty tkbtomufts.‗ Hf ‘18, Ghc` lèbf khs bstmfhskhfeboouguibthmf ma y`briy emij g`jbis, sm tkbt amr tk`

f`xt tkr`` jòbj`s, p`mpi` wmuij tkhfc ma khg bs tkòurr`ft Fbthmfbi Okbgphmf.Zkhrt``f y`brs `brih`r, wk`f k` wbs blmut shx

gmftks mij, khs jmotmr kbj ehv`f khg b fmrgbi vhrusskmt, lut smg`tkhfe blfmrgbi kbpp`f`j bfj Ghc` imsttk` us` ma khs iès. ’Uhtk g`,‗ k`‘j sby ibt`r, ’l`hfe hfb wk`ìokbhr wbsf‘t b gbtt`r ma bjbpthfe. Xmu ghekt

kbv` b p`rhmj ma lhtt`rf`ss wk`f ymu kbv` smg`tkhfebfj ims` ht, lut tkhs l`hfe tk` mfiy tkhfe H `v`r cf`w,H‘g fmt lhtt`r. H wbs biwbys b pr`tty kbppy chj.‗ ZkhsNuiy, mfiy 2:, Ghc`, ombok`j ly Nhg Lòcamrj, whii

kbv` khs ahrst hft`rfbthmfbi trhugpk‚b emij hf khs oibssbt tk` Tbf-Bg Uk`ìokbhr Ebg`s hf

Nbgbhob. Hft`r`st`j pbrth`s muekt tm l` bli`tm r`bj blmut mur P._. Tbf-Bg trhugpks hf’Zk` Uk`ìokbhr Omgp`thtmr.‗ Zkbt‘s tk`gbebzhf` ’j`vmt`j xoiushvìy tm r`pmrthfebfj prmgmthfe wk`ìokbhr spmrts‗ tkbtIhfomif Tbrc, Ghokhebf‘s _tà Aimr`sou, 281: Zmcym Uk`ìokbhr

Miygphos emij g`jbiihst, kbs nust lòmg` `jhtmr bfj pulihsk`r ma.Zk` Ghokhebf Mp`f sbw T`t`r Trbjht omfthfu` tm gmv`

tmwbrj khs s`bsmf‘s P._. #< rbfchfe ly jmwfhfe Jìi _w``rhs hf b

28-hf-tk`-0tk

ahfbi. _w``rhs, kmw`v`r, pbhr`j whtk I`sf`r tm whf tk`Jmuli`s mv`r Trbjht/Nhg Jbv`y. P._. Okbgphmf Omffh` _w``rhs,wkm‘j butmgbthobiiy l` rbfc`j #2 hf Umg`f‘s, tkmuek jrmpphfe b

ebg` hf k`r _hfei`s tm Umg`f‘s B whff`r E`rbijhf` Cbrluicb,w`ft mf tm l`bt Ehris Pfj`r 25 Okbgp Cbtky _okìt`gb hf bf `bsyahfbi. Omffh` prmlbliy mpt`j tm sht mut tk` Umg`f‘s Jmuli`s‚bgmv` wkhok prmjuo`j b tbut <<, -<4, <2, 28 whf amr _okìt`gb/J`lly Amst`r mv`r Gbur``f Abrg`r/Cbrluicb. B surprhs` hf tk`Ghx`j tkmuek, amr Luch`t/_okìt`gb smg`kmw ups`t tk` _w``rhs`s.

Hf tk` _`fhmr ahfbi, LhiiKmrfybc aìi tm @ig`r Xl`gb

wkm bism wmf tk` Kbfjhobp,02-:8, mv`r Ghc Q`hii`tt .

Bt tk` Uhsomfshf Oims`j, Z`j _tmggb wmf tk`G`f‘s _hfei`s3 ruff`r-up wbs _`fhmr bfj B Jmuli`s

whff`r \uss _mr`fsmf. _tmggb bism somr`j hf Jmuli`s‚ hf tk` G`f‘s whtk Kòc (mv`r _mr`fsmf/_mr`fsmf) bfj hftk` Ghx`j whtk Umg`f‘s whff`r Gmfb Luìi (mv`r Tabiz/Tabiz).

Ghc` J`gps`y - ’wbs biwbys

b pr`tty kbppy chj‗

_tà Aimr`souTkmtm ly Lhii _okìt`gb

2852 Uhsomfshf

Oims`j Okbgp Z j

_tmggb bfj smf



2:0

Pp hf Ghff`smtb, GZZB Tr`shj`ft Okbrih` Jhsf`y, bstmoclrmc`r, bfj GZZB Q-T Bibf Emijst`hf, b jmotmr, ’br` luhijhfe bf `gphr`.‗ Okbrih` bfj khs wha` Omffh` (ZZZ , Gby-Nuf`,2852, <5) wrht` tkbt tkms` hf Ghff`bpmihs hft`r`st`j hf uperbjhfe’tk` hgbe` ma tbli` t`ffhs…r`bihz`j tk` authihty ma tmurfbg`fts bs

b g`bfs ma hfor`bshfe tk` fugl`r ma sustbhf`j piby`rs.‗ _m, shfo` lh-gmftkiy tmurfbg`fts bt tk` imobi X w`r f‘t outthfe ht, tk`ywmrc`j mut bf ber``g`ft whtk tk` ’jbfo` kbii gbfbe`g`ft ma Gbemm‘s.‗ Zwm fhekts ma tk` w``c ’Gbemm‘s wmuij s`rv` bs bjbfo` kbii, tk` mtk`r ahv` fhekts bs b tbli` t`ffhs oiul.‗ Uhtk b

’gbsshv` prmgmthmfbi àamrt,‗ tk`y tk`f ’hgg`jhbtìy `stblihsk`j bjuit omgg`rohbi bfj nufhmr i`beu`s.‗ T`rkbps tk`hr gmst hgpmrtbft omfo`pt> ’SZkbtW mf` mut ma `v`ry t`f lbs`g`ft piby`rs

hs whiihfe tm piby hf tmurfbg`fts lut tkbt s`v`f mut ma `v`ry t`f br` whiihfe bfj be`r tm piby hfi`beu`s.‗ Bfmtk`r hgpmrtbft omfo`pt> ’Butkmrhty gust l` jìèbt`j,‗ bfj v`rymf` gust lòmg` b ’whiihfe wmrc`r‗ (whtk, ht gby l`, tk` hfo`fthv` ma ’ar ` ombokhfe‗). @v`rymf`hfoiuj`s `v`f tk` tmp piby`rs wkm, ha f``j l`, gust l` (skbj`s ma tk` Ouiturbi \`vmiuthmf) ’r`-

`juobt`j‗ tm kìp. Erbjubiiy b fugl`r ma mutshj` mrebfhzbthmfs lòbg` hft`r`st`j. B Ghff`bpmihs

Chwbfhs Oiul om-spmfsmr`j whtk tk` GZZB ’tk` ibre`st Nufhmr _tbt` Zmurf`y `v`r kìj p`rkbps bfywk`r`‚254 piby`rs, mf << tbli`s‚omgpi`t j hf shx kmurs.‗ @bok ma tk` 01g`gl`rs ma tkhs Oiul ’omftbot`j imobi sokmmis bfj shef`j up piby`rs amr tk` tmurfbg`ft.‗Bism, tkrmuek Chwbfhs omftbots, tk` GZZB wbs bli` ’tm stbrt bf hf-s`rvho` ombokhfe prmerbgamr tk` Gpis. Eyg t`bok`rs.‗ Bs tk` GZZB lèbf tm tkrhv`, tk`y `stblihsk`j ’b auii thg` lushf`ss tì`pkmf` whtk b s or`tbry…r`bjy tm tbc` bjvbftbe` ma bii tk` Okhfb pulihohty.‗

Jr. Emijst`hf (hf bfbjnbo`ft brthoi` hf tkbt sbg`Zmphos hssu`) mutihf`s wkbt

mtk`r imobi oiuls obf quhociy lèhf tm jm‚omftbot tk`g`jhb whtk oiul hfamrgbthmf,

e`t t.t. hftm f`brly sokmmis,stbrt b g`gl`rskhp jrhv`, kmijb tmurfbg`ft, ehv` xkhlhthmfs,stbrt i`beu`s. Hf skmrt, jm wkbtamr jòbj`s mtk`rs kbv` ure`jtk`hr imobi oiul g`gl`rs tm jm.

Jhaa`r`fo` hs> bat`r tk` Okhfbtrhp, gbfy gmr` p`mpi` br`

tkhfchfe tbli` t`ffhs. _m botfmw, sbys Bibf smg`wkbt mghfmusiy. ’Bfy jìby obf l` jhsbstrmus.‗

Hf Gby, tk` GZZB kìj tk` Ghff`smtb Mp`f. G`f‘s whff`r wbs Jhsf`y mv`r Emijst`hfwkm‘j ìhghfbt`j Jmue Gbjby <-4 (whffhfe tk` <fj ebg` <:-<< armg 25-; jmwf). Hf tk` ahrst

twm (spiht) ebg`s ma tk` ahfbi, bs Gbjby r`pmrts (ZZZ , Nuiy-Bue., 2852 28), ’Bibf wbs bli` tmr`turf Okbrih`‘s immps bfj khts bfj Okbrih` wbs bli` tm stmp bii ma Bibf‘s phoc khts.‗ Lut hf tk`jòhjhfe ?rj, Okbrih` ’stbrt`j gmvhfe tk` lbii brmufj,‗ bfj p`rkbps tkhs tbotho fbli`j khg tmwhf ly tk` sihgg`st ma gbrehfs. _mg` mtk`r r`suits> Umg`f‘s> Omffh` Jhsf`y mv`r Omi``f

Okbrih` Jhsf`yTkmtm ly Lhii Gbri`fs

Jr. Bibf Emijst`hfArmg tk` Ghff`smtb Oibssho Trmerbg



2:1

Gmshm. Oibss B> Motbvhm Thfìi, Nr. mv`r Tbui Umfe wkm whtk trhocy s`rv`s bfj kbrj khts kbjmust`j Okuoc Zurokhc. Oibss L bfj O> Ghff`smtb # 2; Lhii _tmtts. _`fhmr‘s> \by Gmshm.

Mf` s``s armg Zmg Ubisk‘s wrht`-up (ZZZ , Gby-Nuf`, 2852, <1), tkbt tk` F`lrbscb#2, _t`v` ’Amx‗ Aibfslure, ’ròmv`rhfe armg bf mp`rbthmf,‗ kbj tm ghss tk` _tbt` Mp`f. Hf tk`Jmuli` @ihghfbthmf G`f‘s `v`ft, ufs``j`j I`m Cujhrcb hgg`jhbtìy ups`t #2 s``j Zmg

Ubisk, <8-<5, <:-<<, tk`f w`ft mf tm r`bok tk` ahfbi ma tk` Uhff`r‘s Lrboc`t ly jà`bthfeJà`fjhfe Okbgphmf _omtty Erbatmf. Zk`r` k` somr`j bfmtk`r ups`t‚mv`r Okbgpbc Fbrmtbg, 22, 20. G`bfwkhi`, hf tk` Ims r‘s Lrboc`t, Ubisk, pibyhfe whtk b kbrj rull`r Kmoc,wbs ròmv`rhfe whtk b <4, 22 whf mv`r spmfe` piby`r Erbatmf, mfiy tm ims`, 25, 28 tm Fbrmtbg.Zm l` tk` Okbgp, Okbgp kbj tm stmp Cujhrcb twho`. Bfj k` jhj. Hf tk`hr ahrst gbtok, tkmuekmutsomr`j, k` pr`vbhi`j 28, -2<, <<. Zk`f, tkmuek Ubisk ’obuthmf`j Fbrmtbg tm kht ‛tk` emmjmf`s,‘ Okbgp r`turf`j bat`r tk`hr r`st, j`gmfhobiiy sgbskhfe, kbrjiy v`r sphffhfe, oruskhfe

lbii bat r lbii, j`gmrbihzhfe tk` jbz`j lut ebg` Cujhrcb.‗ _m guok, sbhj Ubisk, ’amr tk`Trma`ssmr‘s bjvho`‗3 k`‘j ’r`turf tm Qhotmrhbf iht`rbtur`.‗

Mtk`r whff`rs> Umg`f‘s> shfo` Jà`fjhfe Okbgphmf Jhbfb Gy`rs mpt`j tm piby hf bt`ffhs tmurfbg`ft, Uhsf`r ehris r`piby`j tk`hr Ehris 25 ahfbi whtk tk` sbg` r`suit, Cbtky

Gmìi`r mv`r Qhocy Kìi`r. Oibss B> Gurrby Cuti`r mv`r N`rry Gbiò. Oibss L> Cuti`r mv`r Jbv` Jmwfs. (Hf lmtk `v`fts, ymufe Gurrby cfmoc`j mut Nhg J`G`t wkm wbs mf khs wby tm

tbc` smg` i`ssmfs armg Nm` _mcmimaa.) Fmvho`> Uhsf`r‘s Jhrc T`t`rs`f mv`r F`w Xmrc‘svhshthfe Gbro Ibfjgbf. Omfsmibthmf> Cujhrcb mv`r I`` Ibrsmf (tkmuek kmw Cujhrcb v`f emthftm tk` `v`ft hs l`ymfj g`). _`fhmr‘s (whtk 28:: P._. Mp`f Mv`r ?0 Okbgp Nmkf Zbtugwbtokhfe armg tk` stbfjs)> Gbiò mv`r Ibrsmf (wkm‘j wmf tk` L‘s bfj tk` Fmvho` bt tk``brih`r Mgbkb Lmys Oiul tmurf`y). Lmys 25> Nmf Jùoki`r mv`r Jmwfs. Lmys 20> Cuti`r mv`r _omtt Hokcmaa (wkm pbrtf`r`j khs abgmus gmtk`r, Tèey, hf tk` Ghx`j=). Lmys 2?> Hokcmaa

mv`r Zmjj T`t`rs`f.Bt tk` 24tk bffubi K`brt ma Bg`rhob Mp`f, kìj

Gby 20, omurt`sy ma tk` C.O. Tbrcs & \òr`bthmf

J`pbrtg`ft hf tk` Cbfsbs Ohty, Ghssmurh EygfbsthosO`ft`r, P._. Okbgp J-N I`` wbs tk` a`btur`bttrbothmf. _omtty Erbatmf, Tr`shj`ft ma tk`

C.O.Z.Z.B. bfj Jbvhj Lbrf`s, Trmgmthmf Jhròtmr ma tk` C.O.Z.Z.B., w`r` c`y tm khs suoo`ssauibpp`brbfo` fmt mfiy bt tk` tmurfbg`ft lut bt s`v`rbi`xkhlhthmfs k` ebv` tm prmgmt` tk` _pmrt. _omttywrht`s (ZZZ , Nuiy-Bue., 2852, <4), amr `xbgpi`, ma b_bturjby bt tk` Liu` \hje` Gbii wk`r` J-N piby`j

tk` Kmfmrbli` Okbri`s L. Uk`ì`r, Nr., bf G.J. wkmwbs tk` emmj-spmrt Gbymr ma Cbfsbs Ohty, tk`f

bgus`j tk` ormwj ly khtthfe bfj okmpphfe bwby btErbatmf whtk b skm` lrusk. K`r`‘s _omtty mf bfmtk`r khekihekt ma tk` tmurfbg`ft prmgmthmf‚tk` ’THFE-TMFE-BZKMFE‗>

’…Zkhs `v`ft S’omv`r`j ly Z.Q. obg`rb &rbjhm‗W hfvmiv`j imobi jhso-nmoc`ys pibyhfe bii Zbli` Z`ffhs Okbii`fe`rs mf tk` `foims`jLiu` \hje` Gbii br`b amr $.04 b ebg`. Ha tk` okbii`fe`r wmf, tk` ZQ-\bjhm _tbthmf

Cbfsbs Ohty ZZO Tr`shj`ft _omtt Erbatmf



2:5

gbtok`j tk` okbii`fe` a`` & tk`ràmr` $2.44 w`ft hftm tk`Gbymr‘s Tkhikbrgmfho Gusho aufj. Xmu skmuij kbv` s``f tkìmmc mf tk` jhso-nmoc`ys‘ abo`s wk`f b a`w ma tk` tmurfbg`ft piby`rs obg` mv`r & libst`j tk`g maa tk` tbli`.‗

Zk` Mp`f ma omurs` wbs wmf `bshiy, fmt ly b j-n lut ly J-N‚hf b rmufj rmlhf mv`r Jbv`fpmrt, Hmwb‘s \my Abtbchb, Brihfetmf,Z`xbs‘s \hokbrj Nbg`s, bfj C.O.‘s Lml Omv`y. I``/Erbatmf tmmc tk`Jmuli`s. Omv`y, hf ’b phoc-kht juì,‗ wbs tk` Oibss B whff`r hf 0mv`r Nmkf GoBjbgs armg Hrvhfe, Z`xbs. L`st hf Oibss L> Okhobem‘sjà`fshv`-ghfj`j Ibszim C`v`s, j`spht` b abii hftm tk` tbli` tkbt outkhs brg, mv`r Biluqu`rqu`‘s C`htk Zr`ò`.

Zk` Bprhi Er`bt Tibhfs Mp`f bt _t. Okbri`s, Ghssmurh sbwT`t`r Trbjht whf tk` G`f‘s armg Kbrry J`sokbgps, l`st hf _`fhmr‘smv`r Lruo` Boc`rgbf. _t. Okbri`s Omufty Oims`j Okbgp N`bfQbrc`r wbs tk` Umg`f‘s whff`r mv`r Imhs Lrbzjb. G`f‘s Jmuli`s

w`ft tm Ibrry Okhsmig/Nhg Jbv`y mv`r Trbjht/Obwi`y3 tk` Ghx`j tmTrbjht/Lrbzjb mv`r Jbv`y/Qbrc`r, 28 hf tk` :tk.

Zk` Gby Mcibkmgb Oims`j,\mf _khri`y tìis us (ZZZ , Gby-Nuf`, 2852, <0), wbs wmf ly 25-y`br-mij Fmrgbf L`kyg`r‚lut k`kbj tm wmrc kbrj amr tk` thti`,`spòhbiiy shfo` k` jm`sf‘t obr` tm

prbotho`, kbs mtk`r tkhfes tm jm,ihc` k`bjhfe khs kheksokmmi okmrbi ermup, stbyhfe bothv` hf khs okurok,

bfj wmrchfe bt bf bat`r-sokmmi nml. Khs vhothgsw`r` _t`v` @feì (2; hf tk` 0tk), Q`rfmf@hs`fkmur, bfj hf tk` ahfbi _t`v` Kbggmfj,

ruff`r-up hf tk` P._. Mp`f Pfj`r 2?‘s. ’Ihtti`_t`vh`,‗ 0‘, <‗ bfj 240 pmufjs, strbhekt-ebgùps`t tk` Jà`fjhfe Okbgphmf J`ffhsOrbwamrj. Bfj hf tk` ahfbi, kbj k` wmf tkbt 2st

ebg` bt jùo` bat`r rbiiyhfe armg <4-21 jmwf,tk` mutomg` ghekt kbv` l``f jhaa`r`ft, amr k`

wmf tk` <fj bt 28 làmr` tk` mij`r lmy gmròmfahj`ftiy lèbf bfeihfe khg mut ma omft`fthmf.

Zkus L`kyg`r lòbg` ’Mcibkmgb‘s shxtkjhaa`r`ft okbgphmf hf shx y`brs.‗

Mtk`r r`suits> Umg`f‘s> 2<-y`br-mij Tèey_kbkb j. Cbr`f Gbrcwìi. G`f‘s Jmuli`s>

L`kyg`r/Orbwamrj j. @feì/@hs`fkmur. Ghx`j>Orbwamrj/_usbf Gbf`c mv`r Ei`f Gbrcwìi/C. Gbrcwìi. Oibss L> Bvh Libttst`hf mv`r _t`v`Kbggmfj. Bvh, <<, mfo` piby`j hf ’hft`rfbthmfbi omgp`ththmf amr Hsrbì,‗ lut fmw hs ’btt`fjhfe bObtkmiho Omiiè` hf b Lbpthst Mcibkmgb tmwf.‗

Ibszim C`v`s

2852 Mcibkmgb Okbgp, Fmrgbf L`kyg`rTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



2:;

Uhff`rs bt tk` Bprhi F`w G`xhomMp`f> G`f‘s> Kìgut Qmrk`rr mv`r Gbo Kmrf.Umg`f‘s> Ihz Er`skbg mv`r E. Zmibfj. G`f‘sJmuli`s> Kmrf/Jbvhj T`tty mv`r Qmrk`rr/@j_t`hf. Oibss B> Lml Zr`ò` mv`r _t`hf. Oibss L>

Gbrc JbQ`` mv`r F. Erbfjn`bf. _`fhmr‘s>Kmrf mv`r _t`hf. Nufhmr‘s> JbQ`` mv`r @.@fsihf.

Gbfhtmlb kìjhts Gbrok Emij`f LmyMp`f bt \`j \hv`r Omggufhty Omiiè`.

G`f‘s w`ft tm Arbfc Kmji mv`r KbfsKhrsok3 Umg`f‘s tm_w`jhsk f`womg`r

Lhlh Hfehgufjsmf mv`r Nboch Ehiokrhst. Lhlh bism wmf tk` Ghx`j whtk

OZZB J`puty Tr`shj`ft Brt U`rh`r. Zk` GbyGbfhtmlb Mp`f sbw Bfjr`w Xhfe bebhf whftk` G`f‘s (mv`r Khrsok), bfj Hfjhb‘s G``rbZkbjbfh tk` Umg`f‘s (mv`r Ehiokrhst). Mtk`r whff`rs> G`f‘s Jmuli`s> Kmji/^mitbfE`reì`y (Kufebrhbf Oiul) mv`r Khrsok/Lrufm

Ahsok`r (E`rgbf Oiul). Ghx`j Jmuli`s>U`rh`r/Hfehgufjsmf mv`r Kmji/Zkbjbfh.Kbfjhobp> Brt Cml`rst`hf (E`rgbf Oiul) mv`r

Nm` Lrbjlury. _`fhmr‘s> Kmji mv`r @btk`f Ghii`r, Tr`shj`ft ma tk` Fmrtk Jbcmtb Bssmohbthmf. Kbk! Xmu prmlbliy jhjf‘t cfmw suok bfBaahi‚`r, Bssmohbthmf‚`xhst`j.

Lrhthsk Omiuglhb kìj hts BprhiOkbgphmfskhps bt tk` _`b HsibfjAmrug hf \hokgmfj, bfj tk`f hts Gby_pmrts A`sthvbi Zmurfbg`ft bt tk`Kufebrhbf _mohbi Oiul hf Qbfomuv`r.Bt lmtk tmurfbg`fts, `gherbfts

Ghi`fb \mujfb bfj ^mitbf Tbtbcy w`r` piby`rs tm wbtok.\mujfb, tk` _pmrts A`sthvbi Okbgphmf, wmf tk` Zrhpi`

Ormwf bt _`b Hsibfj ly jà`bthfe k`r Umg`f‘s Jmuli`s pbrtf`r, Nmy N fchfs, hf tk` _hfei s bfj t`bghfe whtk L.O.ZZB maahohbi Okbfjrb Gbjmshfek tm tbc` tk` Ghx`j. Tbtbcy, btmp Nufhmr hf Kufebry làmr` hggherbthfe tm Obfbjb i`ss tkbf

tkr`` gmftks bem, imst bt \hokgmfj tm Nm` I``, tk` -2;, <<, -<:, 25, -<? ruff`r-up tm Zmg \utthfe`r. Lut b gmftk mr smibt`r k` wmf tk` G`f‘s _hfei`s mv`r Tkhihp Umm Ok`fe bfjtk` G`f‘s Jmuli`s whtk L.O. Tr`shj`ft Arbfc Cbrhcb mv`r

Ihz Er`skbg,

2852 F`w G`xhom

Umg`f‘s Mp`f

Okbgp

Brt U`rh`r, J`puty

Tr`shj`ft, OZZB

Lrufm Ahsok`rArmg OZZB F`ws, Bue., 281;

L.O. Maahohbis Arbfc Cbrhcb (I)

bfj Okbfjrb GbjmshfekArmg OZZB F`ws, Nbf., 285?



2:8

@rho Obivì`y/\bnhfj`r _hfek. Hf Nufhmr piby, _`btti`‘s JbffyGbttsmf prmv`j strmfe`r tkbf tk` Im lrmtk`rs, Qhotmr bfj@jjh`.

Bt tk` Tbohaho Fmrtkw`st Mp`f, kìj Bpr. <: bt@ue`f` Mrèmf, w` s`` armg Imu Lmok`fsch‘s omv`rbe` (ZZZ ,

Gby-Nuf`, 2852, <?) tkbt piby`rs br` pi`bs`j lmtk ly tk`br`b‘s rbthfe syst`g‚’bs j`vìmp`j ly Nàa Curtz‗ tkbtoibsshah`s piby`rs hf <44 pmhft nugps armg Oibss @ (ufj`r 2<44) tm Okbgphmfskhp (mv`r <444)‚bfj ly rmufj-rmlhf ahrstrmufjs (guok bppròhbt`j ly Zmg \utthfe`r, amr, tkmuekomgphihfe tk` l`st ròmrj hf khs ermup, k` wbs ups`t ly Jbv`Kujsmf).

Zk` G`f‘s ahfbi omuijf‘t kbv` l``f gmr` ma b strueei`.Nm` I`` ’kbj gbtok pmhft bt <4-2; hf tk` ahatk, lut \utthfe`r sibgg`j mf` ShfW…tk`f thoc`j tk` Stbli`W fj tm th` ht up. Zk`f tk` lbii jhj bf uflìh`vbli` lbibfohfe bot mf tk` f`t bfj jrhlli`j mv`r mf Zmg‘s shj` tm put Nm` mf` up. Nm` obii`j, ‛Ti`bs`,

nust mf` gmr` pmhft‘ bfj emt ht.‗ Hf tk` Umg`f‘s, Lrmmc` Uhiihbgs _ghtk, ’whtk nust bghfhgug ma prbotho` bat`r gbfy gmftks ma bls`fo`,‗ r`turf`j tm `c` mut b whf mv`r k`r

amrg`r puphi, @ish` _phffhfe, -28, <?, 21, làmr` imshfe hf tk` ahfbi tm Nujy Lmok`fsch.Mtk`r whff`rs> G`f‘s Jmuli`s> I``/\utthfe`r mv`r Curtz/@bri Bjbgs (Curtz wmuij l`

tkhs s`bsmf‘s Mrèmf Oims`j G`f‘s Okbgp, Bjbgs tk` _`fhmr Okbgp). Ghx`j> \utthfe`r/_phffhfe mv`r I``/Lmok`fsch. Oibss B> Kujsmf mv`r aìimw Pfhv`rshty ma Mrèmf stuj`ftsNbg`s Zmfe bfj @j Fe. Oibss L> @jjh` Okhf mv`r _t`v` L`rihf`r. Oibss O> Bibf Okhf mv`r \mfA`rrhmfs. Oibss B Jmuli`s> Zmfe/Fe mv`r Kujsmf/Imu Lmok`fsch. Oibss L Jmuli`s> \mf

Obrv`r/_phffhfe mv`r Bibf Okhf/Fe. _`fhmr‘s> Bjbgs mv`r Mrèmf Oims`j Mv`r 04 Okbgp Brt_okuaa. Pfj`r 25‘s> Nujy mv`r Jbffy Gbttsmf (wkm hf tk` _tbt` Oims`j wmuij l`bt Nujy).Pfj`r 20‘s> Nujy mv`r Okbri`s GoIbrty. Pfj`r 2?‘s> Ghc` Lmok`fsch mv`r ahrst-thg` trmpky

whff`r Chg C``f`y. Fmrtk`rf Obihamrfhb piby`rs nust squ``z`j tk`

Oup`rthfm Mp`f hftm tk`hr 2854-52 s`bsmf. \`suits> G`f‘s>

Biibf K`rscmvhok mv`r \hokbrj Z`rry wkm wmf tk` Oibss B(mv`r Nhg Emmjwhf), tk` Oibss B Jmuli`s (whtk \hokbrjGmftemg`ry), bfj tk` Nufhmr‘s (mv`r _t`v` _ibvhok). OibssL> Nhg Fbhc mv`r @j Febh. _`fhmr‘s> K`rscmvhok mv`r _bgIhgb. G`f‘s Jmuli`s> Nàa Gbsmf/E`mre` Gbbc mv`r K`rscmvhok/Umfe. Ghx`j Jmuli`s> Fbhc/Khij` Lrbuthebf.

Bt tk` Gby Tr`gh`r Mp`f bt tk` KmiiywmmjOmurts, J`fhs M‘Omffìi wmf tk` G`f‘s mv`r Ei`ff

Omwbf hf 0. Hf khs s`gh‘s, J`fhs wbs `xt`fj`j hftm tk` 0tk

ly Nufhmr Okbgp Tbui \bpkì wkm‘j l`bt`f KmwhÈrmssgbf bfj Jbrryi Aibff. Ei`ff kbj bjvbfo`j, p`rhimusiy, ly \by Euhii`f (armg jmwf <-4 bfj bt 2;-bii

hf tk` ?rj). Hf G`f‘s Jmuli`s, J`fhs bfj \by Gboc jmwf`j Ermssgbf/Euhii`f, tk`f hf tkàhfbi Lmlly Ahìjs/Gbrc Bjìgbf. Hf somrhfe tk` ahfbi whff`r, Gboc sgbsk`j hf b imw,k`bvy okmp armg Ahìjs, b v`ry pmmr p`ro`ftbe` skmt tkbt bat`rwbrjs J`fhs orhthohz`j khgamr.

Nm` I``, 2852 Tbohaho

Fmrtkw`st Mp`f Okbgp

Nhg Fbhc



204

Ar`j Erml``, r`pmrthfe mf tk`tmurfbg`ft (ZZZ , Gby-Nuf`, 2852, <?), pbhj pbrthouibr btt`fthmf tm Lhii Ebrr`tt‘s gbtok whtk0tk s``j Ubyf` Ml`rtmf`, hf wkhok Lhii i`j <-2bfj wbs bt <<-bii hf tk` :tk làmr` imshfe.

Ebrr`tt, ushfe tkhf phgpi`j rull`r, ’erhps tk` libj`, fmt tk` kbfji` ma tk` pbjji`, whtk khsahfe`rs spr`bj. Amr lbockbfj skmts, k` skhats tmkhs iàt kbfj3 sm k`‘s r`biiy khtthfe b iàt-kbfj`jamr`kbfj hf tk` sbg` gbff`r k` khts khs rhekt-kbfj`j amr`kbfj.‗ Gbtok tkbt , r`bj`rs.

Zk` ?-_tbr Tbohaho Ombst

Okbgphmfskhps, r`pmrt`j mf ly Cbtky Okhf(ZZZ , Nuiy-Bue., 2852 2321), w`r` kìj Gby

<;-?4 bt _bf Jhèm‘s Lbilmb Tbrc. Imfethg` _bf Jhèm Zmurfbg`ft Jhròtmr Nmkf Kmrfhfeomgpibhf`j tkbt tk` P_ZZB maa`r`j ’sm ihtti` kìp hf ruffhfe hts gbnmr tmurfbg`fts‗‚tkhs

omfshj`rhfe tkbt tk` Bssmohbthmf pmoc`t`j b $?04 sbfothmf a``. Bism k` wbs rhektiy hrrhtbt jtkbt << piby`rs wkm `ft`r`j (wkmg tk` mrebfhz`rs `xpòt`j pbyg`ft armg) jhjf‘t skmw. Lut

p`rkbps Nmkf‘s I`tt`r tm tk` @jhtmr (ZZZ , Nuiy-Bue., 2852, 22) l`st `xpr`ss`j khs jhspi`bsur`>

Zm tk` @jhtmr>’Zì`vhshmf stbthmf C\GL hf _bf Jhèm omv`r`j tk` rò`ft Tbohaho Ombst Mp`f

Zbli` Z`ffhs Okbgphmfskhps. Zk` r`suit ma tkhs omv`rbe` wbs b skmrt ahig oihp ma mf` ma mur l`tt`r piby`rs sw`brhfe bt tk` f`ws omgg`ftbtmr bfj tkrmwhfe pbp`rs bt tk`

obg`rb. _uok l`kbvhmr skmuij fmt l` tmi`rbt`j. _t`ps br` l`hfe tbc`f tm hfhthbt`bpprmprhbt` jhsohpihfbry bothmf.‗*

Bk wìi, _whss pbtkmimehst/obrjhmimehst, tk` amrg`r Xuemsibv Umrij Jmuli`sOkbgphmf, Jr. ^brcm Jmihfbr, wbs qumt`j bs sbyhfe hf Fbemyb, Zk` f`t hs ’tmm thektiystr`tok`j bormss tk` tbli`….SBsW b r`suit, gbfy pbjji`rs lòmg` f`br f`rvmus wròcs bt tk`

`fj ma oimsìy-amuekt gbtok`s.‗\èbrjhfe Cbtky‘s wrht`-up, shfo` sk`‘ii omfo`ftrbt` mf _hfei`s piby, H‘ii lèhf whtk

smg` Jmuli`s r`suits. G`f‘s> Ei`ff Omwbf/Zmg \utthfe`r mv`r Gbrc Bjìgbf/\befbr ’\by‗Abkistrmg hf 0. Umg`f‘s> Hr`f` Meus/Bfeh` \msbi mv`r Tbuihf` Ubic`r/Ohfjy Ommp`r.Jhseust`j bs Hr`f` wbs mv`r fmt l`hfe kìp`j ly tk` P_ZZB tm em tm Fbemyb, sk`‘s lboc pibyhfe bebhf‚tkmuek amr kmw imfe= B Jmuli`s> Jbffy Lbfbok/\by Gboc mv`r Gbrc JbQ `/

Lbrry Fìsmf. _`fhmr Jmuli`s> Lbfbok/\uss Zkmgpsmf mv`r E`mre` Cì`g`f/E`f` Uhismf.Nufhmr Jmuli`s> \by Euhii`f/Bfeh` \msbi mv`r Fìsmf/JbQ``.

Mtk`r r`suits H‘ii bism g`fthmf làmr` emhfe mf tm tk` G`f‘s bfj Umg`f‘s _hfei`s.Oibss B> Euhii`f 2<, -<<, <2, 2; mv`r U`fjy Khocs. Oibss L> E`f` Uhismf mv`r \hokbrj Z`rry.Oibss O> _h C`fhe mv`r Lbrry Fìsmf. _`fhmr‘s> Zkmgpsmf (bat`r l`hfe jmwf <-4) mv`r Lbfbokwkm‘j mutibst`j C`fhe, bat`r _h kbj ups`t Ar`j K`rlst, 28 hf tk` 0tk. _h, sbhj Okhf, ’us`s

sf`bcy s`rv`s, immps, okmps, pusk`s, Soims`-tm-tk`-tbli` limocs,W ghxhfe up khs stuaa….K` `v`fus`s tk` mi` ‛emttb th` gy skmìbo`s‘ bfj ‛whp` gy abo`‘ rmuthf`s.‗

Lmys 25> Euhii`f mv`r Omw`f hf :. Ehris 25 (rmufj rmlhf fjhfe hf b tkr``-wby ?-2th`)> Ohfjy Ommp`r ups`ts Nujy Lmok`fsch, 2;, <4, sm wk`f Nujy kbs tm em tkr`` tm jmwf

Obrmi bfj Ar`j Erml``

Obrmi bfj Ar`j Erml``



202

Bfeh`, H jmf‘t s`` kmw, bs Cbtky sbys, Nujy bfj Bfeh` (wkm mlvhmusiy kbj tm l`bt Ohfjy`htk`r <-4 mr <-2) br` pibyhfe b ’ahfbi‗ tkbt Nujy whfs. (Ha Bfeh l`bt Ohfjy <-4 sk`‘j whf3 ha Bfeh` l`bt Ohfjy <-2, Ohfjy wmuij whf.) Lmys 20> \bpkì mv`r JbQ``. Ehris 20> \msbi mv`r Lmok`fsch, <2, -21, ; (bat`r e`tthfe maa tm b 5-4 i`bj). Pfj`r 2?‘s> Jbvhj Ibhfe mv`r Okrhs\msbi wkm, bt 22, wmf tk` Oims`j Fmvho`.

Hf `briy-rmufj G`f‘s gbtok`s, @rwhf Ci`hf bjvbfo`s tm tk` ahfbi whtk whfs mv`r \ml\ml`rts bfj \by Abkistrmg. Mf tk` mtk`r shj` ma tk` Jrbw, \bpkì cfmocs maa I`` Nmkfsmf,wkhi` \by Euhii`f hs musthfe Ei`ff Omwbf (’H obf‘t lìh`v` ht‗ sbys \by bs k`‘s ’gmll`j lytk` omferbtuibtmry ebii`ry‗). Lut f`xt rmufj, up <-4, tk`f bt <:-bii hf tk` :tk bebhfst \bpkì,\by obf‘t ahfj tk` oihfok`r. Tbui em`s mf tm survhv` Hokhrm Kbskhgmtm hf 0, tk`f ‟28, 28, 21,<1 whfs bfmtk`r oims` mf` hf khs s`gh‘s bebhfst Jbrryi Aibff. _urìy, bebhfst suok omgp`ththmf,tkhs hs tk` sustbhf`j l`st tk` 20-y`br-mij kbs `v`r jmf`. Lut tk`f hf tk` ahfbi, sbys Cbtky, ’b

ihtti` bw`j ly Ci`hf bfj khs ommif`ss,‗ Tbui maa`rs fm okbii`fe` bt bii.Hf tk` Umg`f‘s qubrt`r‘s, bat`r Lmok`fsch bfj Meus `xokbfe` jùo` ebg`s, Hr`f`

whfs hf :, lut bat`rwbrjs, hf b gbtok sk` ghekt kbv` wmf hf strbhekt ebg`s, ‟<2, -<?, <4, -20,sk` abiis tm \msbi. Hf tk` mtk`r sòthmf ma tk` Jrbw, K`btk`r Bfeìhf`ttb rbiih`s armg jmwf <-4

bfj b <2-28 ?rj

ebg` tm ìhghfbt` Ohfjy Ommp`r. Khocs, kmw`v`r, oruhs`s bimfe mv`r Okhf bfjBfeìhf`ttb, bfj, tkmuek <<-<4 hf tk` :tk t`st`j ly \msbi hf tk` ahfbi, hs tk` Okbgphmf. Cbtky

oims`s k`r brthoi` ly ohthfe k`r hft`rvh`w whtk U`fjy tm s`` ha sk` kbs rèr`ts mf ghsshfe tkÒkhfb trhp>

’…Ht turfs mut tkbt sk` kbj b gbrvìmus, `xp`fs` pbhj, fhf`-jby vbobthmf hfKbwbhh hf ihù ma tk` Okhf`s` trhp. Kbvhfe gbj` pr`vhmus pibfs whtk b arh`fj tm g``t hfKbwbhh, U`fjy bfj k`r arh`fj w`r` whf`j bfj jhf`j ly BGABO Omrp. bfj ehv`f QHT

tr`btg`ft (wkhok hfoiuj`j xp`fs`-ar`` jhff`rs, p`ftkmus`s, sp`òk`s, $044.44 bfjmtk`r arhfe` l`fàhts. Zk`y v`f maa`r`j tm s`fj k`r tm Okhfb). _k` r`biiy fnmy`jk`rsìa bfj tkus jhjf‘t a`ì tmm lbj blmut ghsshfe tk` mtk`r trhp.‗**

_@I@OZ@J FMZ@_.*Zk` maa`fj`r wbs Ei`ff Omwbf, bs Kmrfhfe r`v`bi`j hf b arh`fjiy i`tt`r tm g`. H‘j

trh`j tm `xous` Ei`ff‘s us` ma prmabfhty, bfj suee`st`j k` rò`hv` spòhbi omfshj`rbthmf lòbus` k` wbs ’tk fbg` hf tbli` t`ffhs bt tkhs kmur.‗ Nmkf wbs kbvhfe fmf` ma tkbt. L`shj`s,k` sbhj, Jhsohpihfbry Okbhr @ue`f` Uhismf‘s ròmgg`fjbthmf ma b ’shx gmftks prmlbthmfbry p`rhmj‗ o`rtbhfiy wbsf‘t kbrsk. K` tkhfcs \bpkì‘s maa`fs` wbs guok wmrs` tkbf Omwbf‘s, bfjbjjs, ’Zk` ròmgg`fj`j shx gmftk susp`fshmf amr Tbui \bpkì hs tk` ghfhgug p`fbityròmgg`fj`j hf tk` HZZA rui`s amr tk` ahrst vhmibthmf ma tk` jmphfe ibw.‗ (H jmf‘t tkhfc Tbui

wbs susp`fj`j bt bii.)**Gbi Bfj`rsmf s`ft g` bf Bue. <, <440 -gbhi tìihfe g` tkbt k`‘j k`brj armg

Omffh` _w``rhs, U`fjy‘s rmmggbt`, tkbt U`fjy kbj orh`j bii fhekt nust làmr` sk` iàt tk`f`xt gmrfhfe amr Kbwbhh. B trbugbtho `xp`rh`fo` tkbt jòhshmf‚gbj` tk` gmr` sm lòbus`Gbi sbhj tkbt wk`f U`fjy brrhv`j hf Kbwbhh k`r ehri arh`fj sbhj sk` skmuij kbv` emf` tmOkhfb.



20<

Okbpt`r Zwìv`

2852> @.O. G``thfes/Zmphos Omftrmv`rsh`s.

Ly tk` Nuiy ?-:, 2852 @.O. G``thfe, tk` amiimwhfe Maaho`rs wmuij kbv` mf` r`gbhfhfe

y`br tm ahfhsk mut tk`hr 2854-5< t`rg> Tr`shj`ft Erbkbg _t``fkmv`f (wkm‘j bffmufo`j k`‘jfmt s``c r`-ìothmf)3 @xòuthv` Qho`-Tr`shj`ft bfj @quhpg`ft Okbhr Nboc Obrr (wkm `xpòt`jtm suoo``j khg bs Tr`shj`ft)3 \òmrjhfe _òr`tbry (@.O. Ghfut`s-tbc`r) bfj \ui`s Okbhr OyrhiI`j`rgbf, bfj Qho`-Tr`shj`ft bfj Zmphos @jhtmr Zhg Lmeebf. Uk`f Gbjìhf` Lul`f r`shef`jbs Omrr`spmfjhfe _òr`tbry, hfougl`ft Qho`-Tr`shj`ft bfj P_ZZB Tuliho \ìbthmfs Okbhr Ar`j K`rlst wbs bppmhft`j hf k`r st`bj. \ujy Gu`ki`fl`hf kbjr`shef`j bs Zr`bsur`r, sm Jìi _w``rhs tmmc mv`r, ruffhfe

ufmppms`j amr tk` pmshthmf. (Jìi ebv` b Zr`bsur`r‘s \`pmrt, bfj htwbs fmt`j tkbt E`mre` bfj Gbjìhf` Lul`f bujht`j tk` lmmcs.)

Qho`-Tr`shj`fts lèhffhfe b twm-y`br t`rg w`r`Tkmtmerbpky Okbhr Gbi Bfj`rsmf, \bfchfe Okbhr Nmkf \`bj (lmtk

r`-ìòt`j), bfj G`gl`rskhp Okbhr Gbrv _kbaa`r (wkm hf khsobgpbhef stbt`g`ft kbj ure`j tk` `stblihskg`ft ma b P_ZZB Kbii

ma Abg`).* Nm` _mcmimaa ahfhsk`j nust l`khfj _kbaa`r hf tk` vmthfe.Jhoc Ghi`s lòbg` tk` ZQ Okbhr3 Nboc Kmwbrj tk`

_ìòthmf/HZ_ Okbhr. Jhoc Khocs omfthfu`j bs Fbthmfbi Zmurfbg`ftJhròtmr, bs jhj @rhok Kbrhfe bs @bst`rf \èhmfbi Jhròtmr bfjGyrmf ’Ghc`‗ @je`rtmf bs Ghjw`st Jhròtmr. Bat`r s`rvhfe amr bigmst 24 y`brs bs Tbohaho \èhmfbi Jhròtmr, Nmkf Kbffb r`shef`j

(jrbwhfe b Zmphos brthoi` ma tkbfcsarmg Nmkf \`bj), bfj wbssuoo``j`j ly \hokbrj Bij`f.

Zbchfe \hokbrj Aù`rst`hf‘s pibo` bs Er`bt Tibhfs Jhròtmr wbsGbrhbff` _zbiby wkm‘j strmfeiy

ure` tk` j`vìmpg`ft bfj`gpmw`rg`ft ma P_ZZB\èhmfs‚tkbt hs, sk` wbft`j hft`r-oiul, hft`r-ohty, hft`r-\èhmfbi piby,\èhmfbi rbfchfe, \èhmfbif`wsi`tt`rs, bfj 04-04 P_ZZB/

\èhmfbi spihts mf sbfothmf bfjg`gl`rskhp a``s. Zbchfe Kuek

Lbll‘s pibo` bs _mutk`rf \èhmfbiJhròtmr wbs Nmkf Ukht`. Bat`r r`bjhfe Uhft`r Tbrc, Aimrhjb‘s\ms`bff` G`reihbfm‘s I`tt`r tm tk`

@jhtmr (ZZZ , Jò., 2854, 8) prmt`sthfe tk` bpp`brbfo` ma mur P._. Z`bg tm tk` Umrij‘s (’H tbc` prhj` hf gy omuftry, gy SP_ZZBW mrebfhzbthmf, bfj gysìa, bfj Hjmf‘t wbft bfy ufc`gpt, sormufey-immchfe p`mpi` r`pr`s`fthfe

Gyrmf ’Ghc`‗ @je`rtmf,

Ghjw`st \èhmfbi JhròtmrTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf

Nmkf Ukht`, jà`fj`r ma mur

P._. Z`bg ymutk


Tbohaho \èhmfbi Jhròtmr

\hokbrj Bij`f



20?

G@‗), bfj spòhbiiy bat`r r`bjhfe b I`tt`r tkbt bpp`br`j hf tk` Fbskvhii` Lbff r j`sorhlhfetk` Bg`rhobf piby`rs bs b ’gmti`y ermup,‗ ’khpph` ar`bcs,‗ ’imfe-kbhr`j l`wkhsc`r`j ar`bcs,‗’khpph`s,‗ bfj ’rbjhobis,‗ bs omftrbst`j whtk ’tk` fmrgbi Bg`rhobf ymutks ma mur fbthmf,‗Ukht` prmt`st`j (ZZZ , Gby-Nuf`, 2852, 25). K` jà`fj`j tk` piby`rs bt i`fetk, sbhj, amr `xbgpi`, k` cf`w tk`s` piby`rs bs l`hfe ’quht` hftìihe`ft bfj brthouibt`,‗ bfj wmfj`r`j kmw

b p`rsmf, ’ly s``hfe smg`mf` mfiy b a`w ghfut`s mf tì`vhsmf,…SomuijW omg` tm suok jàhfht`j`rmebtmry omfoiushmfs bfj `v`f put tk`g hf prhft amr `v`rymf` tm r`bj.‗Ukbt p`mpi` tkhfc bfj a`ì strmfeiy blmut, bfj sm put hf prhft, hs lmufj tm ràiòt b

jhspbrbt` tbli` t`ffhs omggufhty. _uok shfo`rhty, mp`ff`ss, vbrh`ty, omftrmv`rsy, s`rhmusf`ss hsma omurs` wkbt H bs @jhtmr wbft`j amr gy gbebzhf`‚bf `glrbohv`, fmt b pbrmokhbi r`bj.

Nmkf Zbff`khii, kmw`v`r, hf tk` `y`s ma gbfy, jhjf‘t kìp khs obus` ly wrhthfe bf brthoiàmr Zmphos (_`pt.-Mot., 2852, 24) obii`j ’Zk` Omwbrj hf Thfe-Tmfe.‗ Ma omurs` H bs @jhtmr

prhft`j tkhs omftrmv`rshbi ermuphfe ma kbtàui tkmuekts. Uky= Lòbus` Nmkf omuijf‘t l` gmr`s`rhmus hf khs pr`bokhfe mut bebhfst tk` piby`r ht‘s oi`br tm g` bfj mtk`rs tkbt k` wbs hf jbfe`r ma lòmghfe bfj jhjf‘t wbft mtk`rs tm lòmg`. Zk`r`‘s b omwbrj typ` hf tbli` t`ffhs, k`wrht`s. ’Khs vmho` hs ahii`j whtk ’ihtti` j`t`rghfbthmf mr omfvhothmf,‗ lut khs ’p`rsmfbi gbff`r

wmuij put khg hf abvmr ma bfy omrpmrbthmf xòuthv`‗ bfj k`‘j l` ’imv`j ly khs t`bok`rs.‗(\`biiy=) K`‘s e`f`rbiiy b ’pbrbfmhj bttbochfe piby`r‗ wkm ’obf jr`bg ma fmtkhfe l`shj`s

phfe-pmfe.‗ Zkhs p`raòthmfhst kbs b ’iha i`ss iha`,‗ amr khs tbli t`ffhs piby‚bt wkhok k` wmrcsrì`fti`ssiy, gòkbfhobiiy‚tbc`s bwby khs bfxh`th`s. Zbc`s bwby, tmm, khs smui, khs kugbfhty.K`‘s omfo`rf`j mfiy whtk whffhfe quhociy. ’Ht‘s bs ha k` hs mf tk` v`re` ma ibyhfe b ehri, khs èm lrutbiiy hfs`fshthv` tm tk` wkmi` shtubthmf lut j`shrhfe fmf`tkì ss k`r lmjy amr gbsturlbtmry pi`bsur`.‗ Bfj bat`r k` whfs, ’khs ermuph`s surrmufj khg bfj try tm phgp b ihtti` ma khs pmw`r amr tk`gsìv`s. Bii tkhs hs sup`rl `xoht`g`ft amr tk` omwbrj.‗

Bitkmuek Nmkf oims`s whtk tk` pi`b, Ti`bs`jmf‘t lòmg` tkhs bfth-iha`, ’sbj or`btur`,‗ k`r`‘sJ`trmht‘s Lhii Lyrf`s‘s r`piy hf tk` f`xt hssu` ma Zmphos

(Fmv.-Jò., 21)>

’Zm tk` @jhtmr>Nmkf Zbff`khii‘s ‛Zk` Omwbrj hf Thfe-Tmfe‘ hs

i`wj bfj vuiebr, omgpi`tìy mut ma pibo` hf mur abghiyf`wspbp`r. SNmkf us`s tk` vuiebr wmrj ’abrts,‗ lutjm`s sm tm vuiebrhz` tk` omwbrj.W Uk`tk`r ht kbs bfy

‛r`j``ghfe smohbi vbiu`‘ H i`bv` up tm tk` bgbtùr smohmimehsts suok bs mur ymufe butkmr wkm ghekt tkhfc

twho` làmr` lrhfehfe jhskmfmr tm khs jhsthfeuhsk`j fbg`. Zk`r` hs b ibre`r hgpihobthmf k`r`. _kbii tk`

purpms` ma Zmphos l` tm jhsp`fs` tbli` t ffhs f`ws bfja`btur`s, mr skbii ht l` b amrug amr bfy omftrhlutmr wkm

wbfts tm s`` hf prhft khs mlso`f` tkmuekts bfj jhrty nmc`s=H‘ii s`fj ymu b liu` p`fohi amr [gbs, whtk tk` kmp` tk`r` whii l` fm gmr` hssu`s

b pbr`ft skmuij khj` armg khs okhijr`f.T._. Zhg, pi bs prhft tkhs tm sbv g tk trmuli ma s`fjhfe omph s tm tk r st ma tk @.O.‗

Hiiustrbthmf armg Biho` hf Umfj`ribfj



20:

Mf` omuij s`` tkbt H, bs @jhtmr ma Zmphos, wbs j`t`rghf`j tm kbv` smg` omimr hf tk`gbebzhf`‚H `spòhbiiy abvmr`j I`tt`rs tm tk` @jhtmr. Mf` (hf ZZZ , _`pt.-Mot., 2852,25) Hk`bj`j ’_fml-Jrmpphfes=‗>

’Zm tk` @jhtmr>H‘ii tìi ymu wky tbli` t`ffhs hs j`bj bfj whii biwbys l` b tkhrj rbt` spmrt. #2‚

_FMLL@\X! #<‚Zk` sbg` mij sòmfj-rbt` piby`rs, hssu` bat`r hssu`. Bii ymu k`br blmut hs tk` sbg` imusy fbg`s…Omffh` bfj Jìi _w``rhs, Kmwbrj, \`s`c, Omwbf,LIBK, LIBK, bj hfahfhtug. Ukm obr`s! _m, wkbt ìs` hs f`w= H jmf‘t ehv` b jbgfblmut tk`s` p`mpi`. Zk`y br` sm stuoc up bfj bt i`bst b jmz`f pmhfts l`tt`r tkbf H tk`ywmuij fmt piby g`. Kmw ufj`r tk` ohrougstbfo`s obf mf` hgprmv` khs ebg`=…

Zbli` t`ffhs whii biwbys l` b jmrgbft spmrt. Xmur pbp`r sthfcs, bfj bii tkbt p`rg`bt`s armg ymur pbp`r hs tk` st`fok ma OIHRP@, OIHRP@, OIHRP@. H quhta`fohfe amr tk` sbg` r`bsmfs….SZk` a`fo`rsW biwbys wmfj`r`j wky tk`y omuijf‘thfor`bs` tk`hr g`gl`rskhp. Zk`y wmuij rbthmfbihz` tkbt p`rkbps tk` `quhpg`ft wbs tmm`xp`fshv`, hfsuaahoh`ft abohihth`s tm prbotho`, bfj iboc ma ròruhthfe `ftkushbsg bgmfetk` pr`s`ft g`gl`rs. LPII-_KHZ! Zk` r`bi r`bsmfs> _FMLL@\X! BfjOIHRPH_KF@__! H‘ii tìi ymu wkbt tk` r`bi orht`rhb ma b emmj a`fo`r hs> bTk.J….SHrmfhobiiy, bf bjnbo`ft I`tt`r-wrht`r bscs ha bfymf` cfmws ma bfy ufhv`rshty hf@urmp` tkbt maa`rs b Tk.J. prmerbg hf tbli` t`ffhs.W

…Lhii Gbri`fs c``ps tryhfe tm j`hay \`hsgbf bfj `qubt` \`hsgbf `qubis tbli`t`ffhs bfj tkhs hs `qubi tm khek hftìihe`fo`…LIBK, LIBK, LIBK, LPII-_KHZ!…Emmjly`.

BFMFXGMP_Mut ma Okhobem, Hii.

Zkhs brthoi` jr`w b spbt` ma r`pih`s (ZZZ , Fmv.-Jò., 2852, 21-25). K`r`‘s mf` armgMgbkb‘s Lhii Gy`rs>

’Zm tk` @jhtmr>Amr skbg`! Gy 22-y`br-mij jbuekt`r r`bjs Zbli` Z`ffhs Zmphos, bfj wkhi` sk`

prmlbliy s``s :-i tt`r wmrjs mf tk` pmwj`r rmmg wbiis wk`r` sk` btt`fjs sokmmi, sk`jm`sf‘t `xpòt tm ahfj tk`g hf tk` maahohbi gbebzhf` ma tk` P._.Z.Z.B. Ukhi` H kbv` fmmlnòthmf wkbt`v`r tm tk` prhfthfe ma orhthobi i`tt`rs ufj`r tk` jmotrhf` ma ‛ar``jmg ma sp`òk,‘ H jm lìh`v` ht hs tk` `jhtmr‘s juty tm `jht wk`f fò`ssbry….‗

Bfj armg I`xhfetmf, C`ftuocy‘s Z`j Arh`jgbf>

’Zm tk` @jhtmr>…H bg fmt emhfe tm bpmimehz` amr gy btthtuj`. Zk` ibfeube` kbs fm lushf`ss hf

b p`rhmjhobi tkbt r`bok`s abghih`s hf tk`hr kmg`. H kbv` twm bjmi`so`ft okhijr`f bfj 20-<4 t``fbe`rs wkm immc tm g` amr euhjbfo`….

…Bfymf` wrhthfe suok trbsk skmuij l` r`quhr`j tm shef khs fbg`. Zkbt wmuijgbc` khg tkhfc twho`.

Hfohj`ftbiiy, Zhg, jm`s tkhs g`bf ymu whii prhft bfytkhfe tkbt‘s s`ft tm ymu= Mr wk`r` jm ymu jrbw tk` ihf`= Zkhs spmrt tm g` r`pr`s`fts b emmj wkmi`smg` wby tm



200

stby hf emmj k`bitk. Zk` jby ht stbfjs amr cmmcs bfj rblli`-rmus`rs hs wk`f H sbyemmjly`….‗

Bfj armg F`w Xmrc‘s Tbuihf` _mgbì>

’Zm tk` @jhtmr>…SUhtk rèbrj tm Nmkf Zbff`khii‘s brthoi`,W H rbtk`r aìt tk`r` H wbs r`bjhfe bomfthfuhfe okbpt`r hf smg` f`w pmrfmerbpkho lmmc. Bpbrt armg tk` jhrty wmrjs, tk`brthoi` hs quht` s`fsì`ss, l`shj`s l`hfe mv`riy s`fsbthmfbi, bfj H wmuij k`shtbt` tm i`tgy `hekt-y`br-mij r`bj ht. F`v`r ghfj tk` abot tkbt sk` wmuijf‘t ufj`rstbfj tk` wmrjs,sk`‘j wbft tk`g `xpibhf`j….

H bg gmst o`rtbhfiy bebhfst o`fsmrskhp lut H bg gmst o`rtbhfiy amr emmj tbst`.

Zmphos kbs emf` b lht tmm abr tkhs thg`. Fbturbiiy gy mphfhmfs gby l` tkmuekt rhjhouimus. H bg, bat`r bii, mv`r tkhrty bfj

omfs`qu`ftiy quht` s`fhi`….H whii oims` tkhs ufpi`bsbft i`tt`r ly whskhfe ‛Bfmfygmus‘ mut ma Okhobem gy

j``p`st sygpbtkhz` bfj H kmp` k`/sk` ròmv`rs smmf….‗

Bfj armg Mbcibfj, OB‘s Jmf Euff>

’Zm tk` @jhtmr>…\` tk` i`tt`r hf tk` _`pt/Mot hssu`, armg tk` Okhobem Jhrt Gmutk….K` jm`s

kbv` b emmj pmhft mr twm. O`rtbhfiy Gbri`fs hs b orbskhfe lmr`. STbuihf` _mgbì tkhfcstkbt Lhii‚wkmg w`‘v` r`bj `brih`r j`tbhihfe khs `xp`rh`fo` bs Gbrty \`hsgbf‘s

gbfbe`r‚hs fmw wrhthfe tmfeu`-hf-ok``c. (_`` ZZZ , tkr`` strbhekt hssu`s lèhffhfewhtk tk` Gby-Nuf`, 2852 mf`.) Lut bs Lhii‚b.c.b. ’Gb I`h-ssu(k)‗‚`xpmstuibt`s mftk` ’Ar`bchfe‗ ma mur _pmrt (armg _mi _okhaa‘s ahfe`rsphfs tm Ihbfe Cm-ihbfe‘s

ammtstbgps)3 bs k` wrht`s ma khs ’j`jhobthmf tm tbli` t`ffhs, tm Gbrty Sbfj kbrjlbt bsmppms`j tm spmfe` pibyW, tm tk` stujy ma Okhf`s`, bfj…Stm khsW ahv` y`br bfthohpbthmftkbt ht Stbli` t`ffhsW wbs tk` mfiy pibushli` g`bfs ma r`-bpprmbokg`ft l`tw``f Okhfb

bfj tk` P._.,‗ H kbv`f‘t tk` ameeh`st fmthmf wky Tbuihf` tkhfcs tkbt Lhii hs wrhthfetmfeu`-hf-ok``c. Gbri`fs hs surìy shfo`r`, tmm, hf tkhfchfe tkbt ’mur tmrtur`j ymutk,‗tkr`bt`fhfe us whtk b f`w Jbrc Be`, omuij l`fàht armg ’tk` jhefhty, tk` jhsohpihf`, tk`sbthsabothmf, tk` emmj k`bitk, tk` gmrbi`, bfj tk` kmpàuif`ss‗ tkbt pibyhfe tbli` t`ffhsomuij lrhfe tk`g.W …

SEuff em`s mf tm sby,W Ukbt r`biiy sthocs hf tk` orbw ma tk` OJG hs tkbt tkhs

`xoiushv` oihqu` ma sfmls jm`s fmt hfoiuj` khg. Ukbt hs `spòhbiiy gbjj`fhfe hs tkbt k`hs fmt c`pt mut ly khs rbo`, or``j, be`, s`x, pmihthobi lhbs, jhspmshthmf, mr stuphjhty. Zk`

blsmiutìy mfiy orht`rhmf amr ftry hftm tk` sìòt ermup ma hfsuaa`rbli` tmp-rbfc`rs hs pibyhfe blhihty….‗

Bfj armg Ummjg`r`, Imfe Hsibfj‘s Gmrt ^bcbrhf>

’Zm tk` @jhtmr>…SZm Bfmfygmus>W H wmfj`r ha ht‘s fmt ymur sfmll`ry tkbt‘s tk` prmli`g, amr

H‘v` s``f Jìi bfj @rrmi bfj Nboc Kmwbrj bfj T`t`r Trbjht khtthfe whtk gbfy piby`rs….SZk`s`W br` tk` tmp piby`rs hf mur omuftry, bfj tk`y skmuij l` wrhtt`f blmut



201

lòbus` tk` p`mpi` br` hft`r`st`j hf tk`g….Uhtk bii ma ymur prmli`gs, kbv` ymu v`r tkmuekt ma emhfe amr omufsìhfe=

Bfj armg F`w Xmrc Ohty‘s Zmly Mismf>

’Zm tk` @jhtmr>…Pfj`r bii tkbt hfvòthv` bfj bfe`r Bfmfygmus mut ma Okhobem e`ts tm smg` v`ryhgpmrtbft pmhfts. Zk`y obf‘t l` lrusk`j bshj` tkrmuek bj kmghf`g bttboc….UkbtBfmfygmus pmhfts tm hs tk` omftrbjhothmf l`tw``f bf mrebfhzbthmf tkbt mf tk` mf` kbfjwhsk`s tm gbc` tk` spmrt pmpuibr bfj bt tk` sbg` thg`, tkrmuek hts struotur`, bjghfhstrbthmfbfj tk` btthtuj` ma gbfy ma hts piby`rs, bism wbfts tm r`gbhf kh`rbrokhobi bfj hfsuibt`j….Htskmuij l` oi`br tkbt tk`r` hs r`biiy fmtkhfe tkbt obf l` jmf` blmut tk` btthtuj`s ma hfjhvhjubi

piby`rs. Lut hs tk r` smg`tkhfe tkbt obf l` jmf` blmut bf mrebfhzbthmf tkbt qubt s jhefhtybfj prma`sshmfbihsg whtk hfsuibrhty bfj sfmllhsg= Ma omurs` tk`r` hs> okbfe` ht.‗

Bfj armg Ohfohffbth, Mkhm‘s @j Gmrebf>

’Zm tk` @jhtmr>

H r`bj tk` Nmkf Zbff`khii phò`, ‛Zk` Omwbrj hf Thfe-Tmfe,‘ bfj tk` i`tt`r tmtk` `jhtmr k`bj`j ‛_fml Jrmpphfes=‘ hf tk` Motml`r hssu` ma ‛Zmphos,‘ bfj H sbhj tmgysìa, ‛Zhg, Lbly, br` ymu emffb e`t gbhi!‘

…_hfo` Zbff`khii hs b arh`fj ma ghf`, H bjght tm vh`whfe khs wmrc whtk babvmrbli` pr`nujho`. K` hs ourr`ftiy hf tk` tkrm`s ma b v`ry omfsohmus àamrt tm `xbghf`bfj bit`r khs wkmi` iha`-styi`, bfj tkhs phò` hs bf àamrt tm pure` khgsìa ly puliho

omfa`sshmf. Hf tkhs stbt`, k` hs ehv`f tm smg`wkbt gmr` hftrmspòthmf tkbf gmst ma us,bfj hftrmspòthmf hs usubiiy pbhfaui.

…Uk`r` skmuij mur `jhtmr stbfj hf rèbrj tm Nmkf‘s rà`r`fo` tm s`x bfj mtk`r

amrgs ma lhmimehobi rìhà=…Zk` whjìy boo`pt`j orht`rhmf hs wk`tk`r mr fmt tk`s`rà`r`fo`s br` ss`fthbi tm‚mr v`f omftrhlut` shefhahobftiy tm‚tk` sulstbfo` ma tk`gbt`rhbi. Ha tk` brthoi` wmuij fmt suaa`r armg tk` ìhghfbthmf ma tkhs ibfeube`, tk`f tk`

`jhtmr oi`briy kbs tk` rhekt tm r`gmv` ht. Ht‘s strhotiy b nujeg`ft obii, bfj fm wrht`r‘sgbt`rhbi hs `x`gpt armg tkhs rhekt. Ha (bebhf, hf tk` nujeg`ft ma tk` `jhtmr) ìhghfbthmfma tk` ibfeube` wmuij botubiiy str`fetk`f tk` phò` whtkmut bit`rhfe tk` g`bfhfe, tk`fht omuij l` breu`j tkbt ht‘s khs juty tm `jht ht mut.

Omfshj`r tk` mtk`r abotmrs, bism. Ukbt ghekt l` boo`ptbli` ibfeube` hf be`f`rbi-hft r`st gbebzhf` mf tk` f`wsstbfj omuij l` quht` bfmtk`r gbtt`r hf b oims`j-

ohrouibthmf p`rhmjhobi whtk b sulstbfthbi r`bj`rskhp hf tk` 2< tm 25-y`br-mij be` lrboc`t.Mf tk` mtk`r kbfj, `v`ry thg` tk`s` chjs btt`fj b gmvh`, tk`y‘r` hf hgghf`ft jbfe`r ma

k`brhfe ibfeube` abr gmr` `xpihoht tkbf `v`r bpp`br`j hf ‛Zmphos.‘ Amr tkbt gbtt`r, tk`yobf k`br st`rf`r stuaa tkbf tkbt f`briy `v`ry thg` mf` ma mur l`tt`r piby`rs limws boruohbi pmhft hf b tmurfbg`ft.

@v`rytkhfe hs sm jbgf`j rìbthv`, hsf‘t ht=

Bs amr tk` bfmfygmus ohthz`f armg Okhobem wkm wbs armtkhfe bt tk` okmpsblmut biiè`j tbli` t`ffhs sfmll`ry‚fmw tk`r`‘s b gbf wkm‘s gbj, Gbj, GBJ!…

…Zkhs euy fvhshmfs b Ptmphb hf wkhok, amr hfstbfo`, emia gbebzhf`s f`v`r g`fthmf Fhocibus mr Zr vhfm, bfj tk s` e`fti`g`f sp fj bii tk hr spbr` thg` whtk juaa`rs.



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Hf trutk H a`ì smrry amr tk` li``j`r armg Okhobem. K` kbs bir`bjy blbfjmf`ja`fohfe, bfj fmw kbs bppbr`ftiy ormss`j tbli` t`ffhs maa khs ihst. Ha k` ehv`s up `v`ryspmrt wkms` pbrthohpbfts br` fmt pbrbemfs ma smohbi p`raòthmf, tk`r` whii v`ftubiiy l`fmtkhfe iàt amr khg xo`pt, gbyl`, luiiahekthfe. Hf vh`w ma khs okmho` ma xpi`thv`s, k`ghekt a`ì rhekt bt kmg` hf tk` luii-rhfe…whtk b skmvì.

…Gmst pulihobthmfs pibo` ufshef`j i`tt`rs hf tk` sbg` obtèmry bs wrhthfe mftmhi`t wbiis, bfj ràus` tm pulihsk tk`g. _tbfjhfe hf Lmeebf‘s skm`s, H prmlbliy wmuijkbv` pulihsk`j tkhs mf`, ha mfiy amr tk` ibxbthv` aaòt ht gby kbv` kbj mf gy r`bj`rs.Gbyl` tk` ebg` hs orbwihfe whtk sfmls, bfj H‘g nust tmm stuphj tm kbv` fmtho`j.

Ukhok lrhfes us lboc tm tk` pmhft, armg wkhok w` kbv` strby`j. Ukbt w` kbv`k`r` hs b gbtt`r ma `jhtmrhbi nujeg`ft, wkhok fmlmjy `v`r sbhj hs hfabiihli`. Ha w`‘rèmhfe tm ehv` Zhg Lmeebf tk` r`spmfshlhihty amr prmjuohfe tkhs pbp`r, w` gust bism

ehv` khg tk` hfhthbthv` fò`ssbry tm e`t tk` nml jmf`. Hf tk` pbst y`br w` kbv` whtf`ss`jbf bstmfhskhfe `xpimshmf ma `jhtmrhbi `f`rey. Ha w`‘r` emhfe tm `fnmy tk` l`fàhts ma tkbt`f`rey, w`‘j l`tt`r l` whiihfe tm ihv` whtk bf moobshmfbi `jhtmrhbi lmm-lmm.‗

Bfj armg Kbrtamrj, OZ‘s Zmg Juiboc>

’Zm tk` @jhtmr>H imv`j tkbt i`tt`r armg BFMFXGMP_ hf ymur ibst hssu` ma ZZZ! Luii-skht!

X`s, tkbt‘s tk` wmrj, tk` ibfeube`, tk` tmf` ma b r`bihty H mat`f ahfj bls`ft armg ymur pbe`s. Luii-skht!. Lrbvm, BFMFXGMP_. Xmu‘r` fmt bfmfygmus tm g`. Xmu‘v` emt babo` bfj b vmho` bfj b p`rsmfbihty….

…J`br _pmrts Hiiustrbt`j. Bii ymur Brfmij Tbig`r wmrskhpp`rs bfj Fhocibus-

suoc`rs. H sby ymu sthfc, ymu‘r` bii luii-skht! Xmu tmm _pmrthfe F`ws. LIBK, LIBK,LIBK. Em tm kìi. Luii-skht. Emmjly`! Umfj`raui.

Zkhfc ma wkbt spmrt hs bii blmut, tk` p`mpi` wkm br` btki`t`s, tk` p`mpi` wkm

wbtok. Zk`hr butk`ftho vmho`s, vmobluibrh`s, omfo`rfs. Bfmfygmus. X bk, hfvhshli`.\`bjhfe _H mr _pmrthfe F`ws, nujehfe smiìy ly tk`hr i`tt`rs tm tk` `jhtmr, hfa`rrhfearmg tk`hr `jhtmrhbi omft`ft, ymu wmuij ebtk`r‚ha ymu jhjf‘t cfmw l`tt`r‚tkbt bii tk`

nmocs hf Bg`rhob w`r `qubi pbrts pm`t-pkhimsmpk`r bfj tk`mimey stuj`ft. Bfj tkàbfs= Ukm br` tk` abfs= Thttslurek. Xmu whf tk` Umrij _`rh`s, rhp up tk` tmwf.Kufch`s. L``r jrhfc`rs. _gbsk tk` whfjmws, lurf obrs, rbp` ehris. U`‘r` okbgps!\hekt mf. Mr Okhobem. Zk` Liboc Kbwc abfs. Aihfe ebrlbe` mf tk` ho`. L`bt ymur piby`rs mv`r tk` k`bj whtk uglr iibs wk`f tk`y ims . K`bt kbia jmiibrs bfj tkrmw tk`gmf tk` ho`> gbyl` smg`lmjy whii lr`bc khs fòc X`bk! Ht‘s b lhe lmrhfe sfmw nml gmst

spmrts wrhthfe ehv`s us. ‛Ht‘s r`biiy l``f b prhvhiè` pibyhfe hf tkhs wmfj`raui omuftrybfj H‘j ihc` tm `xpr`ss gy kugli` erbthtuj`….‘ ‛Zkbfc ymu, Gr. Tiby`r.‘…LIBK,

LIBK, LIBK. Kypmorhsy bfj ih`s bfj jò`ht. Zk` gysthqu` ma Qhfo` Imgbrjh, tk`bso`thohsg ma b Nhg \yuf. Bk, luii-skht. Oimjs, jmits, bfhgbis. Tut b ghc` hf tk` juemut,tk`f li``p mut tk` lbj wmrjs. Ukbt tk` kìi hs mf` suppms`j tm tkhfc hs l`hfe sbhj=’J`br Emj, pi`bs` kìp g` strhc` tkhs e`fti`gbf mut.‘ Ukbt‘s k` r`biiy sbyhfe= ‛Xmu

smfmablhtok, H‘g emffb sthoc tkhs hf ymur `br.‘ Bfj tk` abf hs yìihfe, ‛_thoc ht up khsbss!‘ Bfj wkm r`pmrts tkhs= Ukm j`bis hf tkhs wkmi` omuftry, hf prhft, whtk bfytkhfebpprmbokhfe tk` gbrvìmus bfj erhtty bfj mlso`f` r`bihty ma s`rhmus omgp`ththv` spmrt=Ukm wmuij pulihsk mij BFMFXGMP_‘s i`tt`r=



20;

Zbff`khii, hf tkbt mtk`r brthoi`, hs blsmiutìy rhekt. Ukbt jm w` r`biiy g`bfwk`f w` tbic blmut ‛omimr‘ hf b spmrt= Kugbfhty. G`f wkm br` fmt gbokhf`s. Zk` euywkm scuiis `hekt skmts hftm tk` jrhfc, tk`f nugps hf khgsìa. Zk`r`‘s jrbgb, tk`r`‘somimr.

Xmur pbp`r hs gmst absohfbthfe wk`f ht hs gmst bfth-`stblihskg`ft. Ht kbs biwbys

s``g`j tm g` tkbt Zmphos kbj tk` pmt`fthbi tm lòmg` tk` spmrthfe `quhvbi`ft ma _O\@U bfj ZK@ L@\C@IX LB\L. Bs ht hs, ymu kbv` b ufhqu` pulihobthmf. Zk`r`‘s prmlbliy fmtkhfe ihc` ht hf tk` omuftry. Ht kbs hts mwf bvbft ebrj` tmf`. Lut, tm gyghfj, ht kbs f`v`r emf` abr `fmuek ufj`rermufj.

Ht s``gs tm g` ymu kbv` b strbfe` bfj wkmiiy hfjà`fshli` ure` tm em strbhekt,tm l` gmr` r`spòtbli` tkbf _H. Uky= Xmur r`bj`rs‘ r`spmfj tm ymur gmv`g`ft hf tk`jhròthmf ma brt bfj pm`try. Tusk ht aurtk`r. \`spòtblhihty hs syfmfygmus whtk juiif`ss.

Bfj ymu o`rtbhfiy s``g tm kbv` b imt ma Turhtbfhsg hf ymur ruihfe omufohis….Zk`r` gust l` fm `fj ma aibc`s bfj gbiomft`fts bfj immfh`s bfj orbzh`s hf tk`

tbli` t`ffhs wmrij. B v`ry rhok wbr`kmus` ma bfòjmt` bfj imr`. Uky fmt e`t hftm ht=@xpimr` ht=…Amr tk` lheeh`s hf tk` G`jhb tk`r` br` luocs tm l` `xtmrt`j mut ma

jhskmf`sty bfj hfstbft gytk. Lut ymu br` pibyhfe b jhaa`r`ft ebg`. Em whtk ht. Em pmpuihst. Zk`r ‘s b erbss rmmts tkhfe mut hf tk` khft ribfjs tkbt ymu muekt tm `xpimr ….

_t`p mf` hf b omurs` ma tr`btg`ft j`shef`j tm r`kblhihtbt` ymur spmrt bfj ahfjymur smui (tk` mtk`r st`ps whii amiimw hf tk` gbff`r ma b okbhf r`bothmf)>BFMFXGMP_ amr Tr`shj`ft ma tk` P_ZZB. Kmw blmut tkbt, BFMFXGMP_= Kmwjm`s tkbt erbl ymu= Obf ymu rbiiy ymur omfsthtu`fts= Jrbw up ymur pibtamrg= Bfjarmg Okhobem H k`br tk` jhg rbuomus r`piy> ‛Bk, luii-skht, Juiboc. X`bk, ymu tmm. Luii-skht. Libk, libk, libk. Emmjly`!‘‗

Bfj, ahfbiiy, rèbrjhfe tkhs mf` hssu`‘s pboc`t ma i`tt`rs (tkmuek mtk`r hssu`s br` sur` tm lrhfe gmr ), armg G`rrhoc, Imfe Hsibfj‘s Zhg Lmeebf>

’Zm tk` @jhtmr>Ha fm mf` ghfjs g` sbyhfe sm, H‘g r`biiy b ihtti` lht skmoc`j gysìa bt smg` ma

tk` `xtr`g`s ma tk`s` r`pih`s. Kmw`v`r, H kmp` `v`rylmjy‘s emmj omggmf s`fs` whii pr`vbhi bfj H obf em mf blmut gy lushf`ss, phimthfe Zmphos up bfj jmwf tk` ghjjiòmurs` ma tkbt er`bt rhv`r ma mur tbli` t`ffhs iha`.

Bs tkbt ufohvhihz`j Kuoc sbhj ma Gr. Gbrc Zwbhf, ’Zk`r` wbs tkhfes wkhok k`str`tok`j,** lut gbhfiy k` tmij tk` trutk.‗

Nmkf amiimws up mf khs omwbrj tr`bths`‚tkhs thg` hf b ’Ukm Hs Zm Nuje`‗ brthoi` ( ZZZ , Fmv.-Jò., 2852, 2:) shfeihfe mut b fm i`ss r`bi-iha p`rsmf tkbf Umrij Okbgphmf _tìibf

L`fetssmf. Kbvhfe s``f _tìibf trbhfhfe f`br Ibpibfj, Nmkf r`bihz`s k`‘s ’abr sup`rhmr tm tkèr`bts ma y`st`ry`br‗‚lut bt b omst, amr k` fmt`s tkbt, tkmuek khs ufvbryhfe strbtèy ma s`rv`,immp, chii hs, whtk khs Gbrc Q spbo` w`bpmf, ’`xòut`j whtk bf uflìh`vbli` omfshst`foy bfjtòkfhqu`,‗ ht‘s ’bfbtk`gb tm tk` s`fs`s.‗ Bfth-kugbf tòkfmimehobi f``j hs lèhffhfe tm p`rvbj`

tk` _pmrt> gòkbfhobi rmlmts spr`bj tk`hr ’g`tbiiho jhs`bs` ihc` obfo`r brmufj tk` eiml`.‗’Ukbt okbrhsgb,‗ bscs Nmkf, ’obf survhv` tk` juii pr`jhotblhihty ma tk` gbokhf`= Omuij

ht l` tkbt mf`‘s v`ry l`hfe hfomrpmrbt`s tk` msohiibthmf bfj s`fsì`ss, ìòtrho kug=‘ Nmkfibg`fts kmw ’tk` s`fsubihty ma tk` ebg` kbs l``f imst tm tk` shi`ft tkuj ma tk` spmfe`.‗ Fmw



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sp``j hs ma tk` ss`fo`. ’Zk` imfe, schiiaui gbfùv`rs ma b kmtiy omft`st`j gbtok kbv` vmiv`jhftm tk` ruskhfe hgpbth`fo` bfj quhoc gmv`g`fts ma bf btki`t` rbohfe tk` oimoc ma khs ghfjtmwbrjs tk` tbp`, f`rvmusiy bwbr` tkbt b spiht sòmfj omuij tìi tk` whff`r.‗ Bfj tk` ims`r.Lut, bjjs Nmkf, tk`r`‘s fm trbe`jy hf b spmfe` piby`r‘s jà`bt‚fmtkhfe r`s`glihfe ’tk` gmrbisuaa`rhfe ma b Gbrty \`hsgbf wkm kbs r`gbhf`j abhtkaui tm tk` s`fsubi styi` ma khs ebg`

j`spht` tòkfmimehobi hfv`fthmfs.‗ Khs ’p`rsmfbi burb‗ r`gbhfs.

Bfj‚surprhs`‚BFMFXGMP_ hs lboc (ZZZ , Nbf.-A`l., 285<, 21)… bfj p`rkbps fmtsm ’gbj, Gbj, GBJ!‗>

’Zm tk` @jhtmr>Ha bfymf` r`biiy emt tk` ehst ma gy i`tt`r, ht wbs Zmg Juiboc….

…_hfo` lìmfehfe tm…Sb OkhobemW oiul amr b y`br fmw, H kbv` piby`j whtk mur tmp-rbfc`j piby`r nust mfo`. Zk` r`bsmf H wbs iuocy tm piby khg mfo` hf b y`br wbs lòbus` bt tk` thg` bii tk` tbli`s w`r` moouph j bfj k` f``j`j g` tm piby mf. _m ht wbstwm mut ma tkr``, rbtk`r, twm strbhekt, bfj H wbs shtthfe mf tk` shjìhf`s bebhf. Khs

arh`fj bfj k` prmo``j`j tm piby bat`rwbrjs amr blmut twm kmurs.H bg mf`, bfj H jmf‘t tkhfc H‘g ufusubi amr tkhs, wkm `fnmys tk` lrbwi bt b

kmoc`y ebg`, tk` wròc bt b stmoc obr rbo`, Brfmij Tbig`r jmaahfe b skmt, mr Jìi_w``rhs abiihfe jmwf wkhi` tryhfe tm chii b lbii, mr Jbi-Nmmf I`` s`rvhfe maa tk` tbli`.Umuij ymu rbtk`r l` hf b ebii`ry ma emia abfs tkbt wbs mls`rvhfe Nboc Fhocibus rmii maa s`v`f strbhekt lhrjh`s, mr l` amiimwhfe b i`ss`r cfmwf prm bfj wbtok khg juaa amur strbhekt skmts hftm b ibc` bfj lr`bc khs oiuls= H cfmw wk`r` H wmuij e`t gy gmf`y‘swmrtk ma fnmyg`ft. H wmuij prmlbliy kìp tk` i`ss`r-cfmwf prm lr`bc khs oiuls.

Zkhs jm`s fmt g`bf H jm fmt `fnmy spmrts. H imv` tk` kugbf qubihty hf ht, bfj tk`jrbgb. Ukbt `v`ry tbli` t`ffhs f``js hs b ar`` amr bii bat`r `bok hgpmrtbft tmurfbg`ftwhtk ahsts aiyhfe bfj b lrbwi l`tw``f tk` abfs bfj piby`rs. Zk` gmst hft`r`sthfe ahekts

wmuij l` l`tw``f tk` imw`r-rbt j piby`rs bfj tk` xbit`j khek`r-rbfc`j iht`s. Mutshj`ma sfmll`ry, tbli` t`ffhs bfj a`fohfe skbr` b v`ry hgpmrtbft qubihty‚tkbt hs, tk` ebg`j`gbfjs tkbt tk` p`rsmfbihty ma tk` omgp`thtmr lòmg` hfvmiv`j hf tk` pibyhfe ma ht.

Mfiy lmxhfe puts gmr` j`gbfj mf tk` p`rsmfbihty ma tk` omgp`thtmrs.Zk` p`rsmfbihty ma bok bfj `v`ry piby`r hs ma prhg` hgpmrtbfo` tm hfor`bs`

hft`r`st hf bfj lrmbj`f tk` ebg` ma phfe-pmfe. _m i`t‘s fmt c``p r`pmrthfe mf nust kmwemmj bfy mf` pbrthouibr piby`r hs, mr omfstbftiy j`hay r`thr`j piby`rs.‗

Bfj tm oims` tkhs s`t ma I`tt`rs hf tk` Nbf.-A`l., 285< hssu`, k`r`‘s Obrp`ft`rhb, OB‘s

Ibrry T`ccbf`f>

’Zm tk` @jhtmr>H wbs jìhekt`j tm s`` suok b k`bvy r`spmfs` armg tk` r`bj`rs tkbt H wbs

hfsphr`j tm lrhfe tm iha` gy imfe stbefbft p`f hf kmp`s ma pbrthohpbthfe hf wkbt prmghs`stm l` b ruffhfe `fomuft`r s`sshmf hf pulihsk`j amrg. H f`v`r tkmuekt tkbt H wmuij s``

suok b ihvìy bfj prmvmobthv` xokbfe` hf b tbli` t`ffhs nmurfbi.Hf tk` pbst a`w hssu`s, tk` r`bj`rs kbv` l``f j`gmfstrbthfe tkbt mf` wmuij l`

kbrj put tm ahfj b gmr` hft`r`sthfe ormss-sòthmf ma btthtuj`s bfj okbrbot`r typ`s hfmtk`r spmrts….



214

H gust omferbtuibt` BFMFXGMP_, sfhvìhfe omwbrj tkbt k` hs, amr ht hstkrmuek khs àamrts tkbt b oibss O piby`r suok bs H obf fmw a`bri`ssiy bpprmbok bsup`rstbr hf kmp`s tkbt BFMFXGMP_‘s thrbj` sthrr`j hfwbrj a`ìhfes ma euhit bfja`br, tkus amrohfe khg tm sygpbtkhz` whtk gy pihekt bs b g`jhmor` piby`r. _up`rstbrs, Hhssu` tm ymu tk` uithgbtug> Ha ymu ràus` tm piby gy chfj, w` whii wbic mut `f gbss`

bfj tbc` up a`fohfe.H gust omgg`ft mf tk` rbehfe omftrmv`rsy rèbrjhfe tk` pr`s`fo` mr bls`fo`ma emmj tbst` hf ymur gbebzhf`. Xmu gust `juobt` ymur r`bj`rs mf tk` g`rhts ma vuiebrhty bfj prmabfhty. Ht sìis. Ht‘s brty. Ht brmus`s p`mpi`, wbc`s tk`g up. Zk`y imv`ht, bitkmuek tk`y wmf‘t bjght ht. H obf s`` tk` okhijr`f ma tbli` t`ffhs abghih`s r`bjhfetkhs pbp`r mut l`khfj tk` lbrf mr smg` mtk`r khj`bwby. Zkhfc ma tk` pr`sthe` ma l`hfesmij mfiy l`khfj tk` omuft`r! Hftìiòtubis bfj vmyùrs bihc` whii shfe prbhs`s amr ymur

gbebzhf`. Tby fm btt`fthmf tm tkms` wkm wmuij j`fy mtk`rs tk` ar`` `xpr`sshmf ma wkbt hs g`rìy tk` ibfeube` ma tmjby, bfj ymu gust c``p up whtk tk` thg`s. Tbr`fts,ymu gust hfstruot ymur okhijr`f hf tk` prmp`r us`s ma amur-i`tt`r `xpi`thv`s. B kbrskwmrj hs fmt bs `xp`fshv` bs b lrmc`f pbjji` fmr bs pbhfaui bs bf uio`r. B vhemrmus

‛jbgf!‘ rì`bs`s kmsthi` `f`rey bfj skmws tkbt k` mr sk` hs tryhfe.Bs amr Nmkf Zbff`khii‘s brthoi`, bfymf` wkm tkmuekt tkbt wbs vuiebr prmlbliy

f`v`r emt pbst ‛Liboc L`buty‘ hf sokmmi. Ht wbs b shefhahobft bfj p`f`trbthfe immc hftmtk` ghfj ma b okbrbot`r typ` tkbt obf l` amufj hf gbfy b oiul mr tmurfbg`ft, bfj k` hstm l` omferbtuibt`j amr sphiihfe khs euts mut. Quiebrhty hs mfiy hf tk` ghfj, fmt hfkbrgi`ss wmrjs. Ha w` i`brf tm boo`pt prmabfhty bs l`hfe mfiy tk` `xpr`sshmf ma khjj`fs`xubi bfxh`th`s, p`rkbps w` wmf‘t e`t sm ups`t blmut ht. Zk` ebg` obf l` khekiys`xubi, bs Nmkf g`fthmf`j. B er`bt bgmuft ma `f`rey hs rì`bs`j, bfj w` bii cfmw

wk`r` b pmrthmf ma tkbt `f`rey omg`s armg, jmf‘t w`=…‗

Uìi, bfj fmw kmw guok `f`rey br` w` emhfe tm s`` bt bfy @.O. G``thfe=

Fbturbiiy, bs whtf`ss tk` Gby 2 bfj Nuiy ?-:, 2852 Ghfut`s, pibfs amr tk` omghfe ma tk` Okhf`s` hf ‘5< br` upp`rgmst hf mur maahohbis‘ ghfjs. Ar`j K`rlst‘s Gmthmf tkbt ’ErbkbgL. _t``fkmv`f bfj N. \uaamrj Kbrrhsmf omfsthtut b omgghtt`` ma twm tm fèmthbt` b omftrbot

amr tk` Okhf`s` vhsht tm tk` P._.B. wbs obrrh`j ufbfhgmusiy.‗ Lmtk ’whii l` erbft`j b i`bv` ma bls`fo` armg tk`hr r`spòthv` `gpimy`rs bfj whii trbvì whtk tk` Okhf`s` tkrmuekmut tk` tmur.‗K`rlst hf khs Trmer`ss \`pmrt (ZZZ , Nuiy-Bue., 2852, 2?) pmhft`j mut tkbt, ufj`r tk` nmhftspmfsmrskhp ma tk` P_ZZB bfj tk` Fbthmfbi Omgghtt`` ma P._. Okhfb-\ìbthmfs (prmahts tm l`skbr`j `qubiiy), fèmthbthmfs whtk tk` Okhf`s` ’gust l` kbfji`j whtk tk` utgmst jìhoboy.Jhpimgbtho prmtmomi gust l` mls`rv`j, b ohrous btgmspk`r` gust l` bvmhj`j, liu`-rhllmf p`rsmfs

bfj omgpbfh`s hf tk` gbnmr ohth`s gust l` omftbot`j bfj aufjs brrbfe`j, bfj kufjr`js ma j`tbhisamr`s``f bfj pr`pbr`j amr.‗ K`rlst maa`rs b ’j`lt ma erbthtuj`‗ tm P_ZZB Tr`shj`ft _t``fkmv`f>

’…Zk` Okhf`s` lìh`v` hf tk` i`bj`rskhp prhfohpi`. _t``fkmv`f wbs tk` i`bj`r ma mur jìèbthmf. @v`ry bspòt ma tk` tmur wbs oi`br`j whtk khg bfj k` wbs tk`syglmi ma tk` Bg`rhobf p`mpi` tm tk`g. Amrtufbtìy, tkhs whs`, mij k`bj gbj` tk`

omrròt nujeg`fts bfj rbf b thekt skhp. K` gbhftbhf`j tk` prmp`r jhefhty, bvmhj`jarhothmf bfj pmihthos, bfj tr`bt`j tk` kmsts mf b strhotiy p`mpi`-tm-p`mpi` lbshs.Hft`rfbthmfbi pmihthobi omfshj`rbthmfs bshj`, ht wbs tk` omfahj`fo` tk` Okhf`s` kbj hf_t``fkmv`f ly tk` `fj ma tk` trhp tkbt obus`j tk`g tm r`spmfj baahrgbthvìy tm khs



212

hfvhtbthmf amr b r`ohprmobi vhsht. Zk`y cfmw tk`y whii l` baamrj`j tk` sbg` omurt`sywhtkmut pmihthobi mr omgg`rohbi xpimhtbthmf ha _t``fkmv`f hs hf okbre`. Ha mur ermup

kbj l`kbv`j ihc` b jhsmrebfhz`j lufok, tkbt wmuij kbv` l``f tk` fj ma ht. Bfj Fhxmfwmuij sthii l` lbrr`j armg tk` Er`bt Ubii. Bism, `v`rymf` mf tk` trhp gbj` b luoc `xo`pt _t``fkmv`f. K` smij fm brthoi`s, boo`pt`j fm pbhj i`otur` tmur, hs fmt wrhthfe b lmmc, kbsf‘t fjmrs`j bfy prmjuot. Bii k` kbs hs mur tkbfcs bfj b photur` ma khgs ia whtk Tr`shj`ft Fhxmf bt tk` Ukht` Kmus`.‗

Fhxmf, H fmt , wkm r`pmrt`jiy f`v`r i`brf`j tm piby tbli t`ffhs, wbs gbj` bf kmfmrbryg`gl`r ma tk` P_ZZB.

S@jhtmr‘s fmt` - Khstmrhobi mjjhty> tkr`` typms hf armft pbe` obpthmf bfj bfei`j t`xt.W



21<

Lml Eushcmaa ’gbj` b pr`s`ftbthmf amr Xmutk Gbrc`thfe Hfo., Bi Lurtmf Tr`shj`ft.‗Zkhs omgpbfy, spòhbihzhfe hf luhijhfe up spmrts stbrs bs p`rsmfbihth`s, kbj suoo`ss hf prmgmthmfbi wmrc, ’pmhfthfe mut wkbt kbj bir`bjy l``f bokh`v`j whtk Ei`ff Omwbf.‗ Lut bsK`rlst sbhj, ’b c`y r`quhr`g`ft hf tk`hr prmpmsbi wbs kbfjihfe tk` Bg`rhobf tmur ma tkÒkhf`s`, bfj butkmrhty tm sìi tk` tì`vhshmf rhekts.‗ Uk`f tk` tmur a`btur` wbs whtkjrbwf,

XGH (wkm kbj fm J & L rbthfe) wbs fm imfe`r hft`r`st`j. Gr. Ihtti` maa`r`j Ibc` Zbkm` bs bsht` amr b r`gbtok whtk tk` Okhf`s`, bfj Aubrfbjm \ml`rts gbj` b pi`b amr tk` F.X. ZZO tmkmst tk` Okhf`s` Z`bg. Ihc` bii mtk`r maa`rs tk`s` wmuij l` tbc`f hftm omfshj`rbthmf.

Zk` Gby-Nuf`, 2852 Zmphos wbs omfshj`r`j b smuv`fhr hssu`, bfj Q@\X mpthghsthobiiy04,444 omph`s w`r` prhft`j‚bt i`bst kbia ma wkhok w`r` f`v`r jhslurs`j, f`v`r us`j. Zk` hj`bwbs amr oiuls tm luy imts ma 244 bt $.<0 b ompy bfj sìi tk`g amr $2 b ompy, bfj amr, sby,spmrthfe emmjs stmr`s tm luy tk`g bfj ehv` bwby b ompy ar`` whtk bfy tbli` t`ffhs prmjuot

smij. K`rlst gmv`j tkbt ’b luje`t ma $244 l` biimobt`j amr tk` pibohfe ma bjv`rths`g`fts hfsìòt`j pulihobthmfs amr sìihfe tk` smuv`fhr `jhthmf.‗ Zkhs wbs obrrh`j.

Zhtusvhii`, Aimrhjb‘s Chpihfe ’\bfjy‗ K`ss (ZZZ , Fmv.-Jò., 2852, 2;) wrmt` ma khs`xp`rh`fo` whtk tkhs smuv`fhr hssu`>

’…Fhf` oiul g`gl`rs tmmc <4 omph`s `bok tm sìi. H jmf‘t cfmw kmw kbrj tk`

mtk`rs trh`j tm e`t tk`hrs smij lut H iàt 24 ma ghf` bt b 5/22 typ` stmr` bfj 24 bt barh`fj‘s jrue stmr`. Zk`y mfiy smij ? bfj tkms` amr $.04 Skbia prho`W hf < gmftks.

Zk` hssu` jhjf‘t em mv`r bs smg` `xpòt`j amr bt i`bst ? r`bsmfs> ht wbs tmm ibt`hf e`tthfe mut (skmuij kbv` kht tk` stbfjs whtkhf b w``c ma tk` r`turf ma mur t`bg) Suk,tk` @jhtmr skmuij kbv` jmf` tk` ?<-pbe` hssu` hf Okhfb, emt tk` Okhf`s` tm prhft ht phò`g`bi bs tk` trhp prmo``j`j, bfj gbhi`j mut tk` tkmusbfjs ma omph`s armg

_kbfekbh=W3 tk` omv`r wbs juii bfj ufhgpr`sshv` (skmuij kbv` l``f hf omimr bfj kbjibre` k`bjihf`s r`bjhfe, sby, ‛P._. Z`bg \`turfs Armg L`khfj Lbglmm Ourtbhf‘)3 bfjgmst pbp`rs ma tkhs shz` bfj qubihty pbp`r br` `htk`r ar`` mr mfiy $.24 tm $.20….‗

Nboc Obrr gmv`j, ’Zkbt ìòthmf ma @.O. g`gl`rs l` gbj` ly Oiuls, 2 vmt` p`r oiul.‗Zkhs wbsf‘t jhsouss j ’ju` tm tk`r` l`hfe fm sòmfj.‗

Jhoc Ghi`s ’pr`s`ft`j b t`ftbthv` maa`r armg tk` Tkhihp Gmrrhs mrebfhzbthmf tm r`qu`st p`rghsshmf armg tk` P._.Z.Z.B. amr b shx w``c tmur Sma amr`hef bfj jmg`stho piby`rsW l`tw``fNbfubry bfj Gbrok, 285<, p`rkbps hf omfnufothmf whtk tk` ‛Qhrehfhb _ihgs‘ Ibwf Z`ffhs Zmur.‗K` wbs ehv`f p`rghsshmf‚lut fm suok tmur `v`r obg` blmut.

Nboc Obrr gmv`j tkbt b prmpmsbi l` gbj` tm tk` H.Z.Z.A. tkbt, hf bjjhthmf tm tk` pr`s`ftA`j`rbthmf r`quhr`g`fts, ’Umrij Z`bg g`gl`rs l` ohthz`fs mr p`rgbf`ft r`shj`fts bs jàhf`j

ly hfjhvhjubi omuftry hggherbthmf ibws, mr l` gbrrh j tm b ohthz`f.‗ Zkhs wbs jà`bt`j.Obrr gmv`j (rèbrjhfe Lyibw okbfe` 0.<2) tkbt ’Zm qubihay amr omfshj`rbthmf bs b

g`gl`r ma b P_ZZB Hft`rfbthmfbi Z`bg, b piby`r gust kbv` boquhr`j bt i`bst 20 pmhfts jurhfe`htk`r tk` pr`s`ft mr tk` pr`vhmus s`bsmf, bfj gust kbv` pbrthohpbt`j hf tk` gmst rò`ft P._.Mp`f Okbgphmfskhp.‗ Zkhs wbs obrrh`j.

Gbi Bfj`rsmf gmv`j tkbt ’hf autur` tk` ourr`ft Fbthmfbi Nufhmr Okbgphmf (lmy bfj

ehri), ha ìhehli`, l` put mf tk` Umrij‘s Okbgphmfskhp Z`bg.‗ Zkhs wbs jà`bt`j‚tkmuek tk`@.O. wmuij abvmrbliy omfshj`r suok bf mutstbfjhfe Nufhmr.

Nmkf \`bj gmv`j tkbt ’bii Hft`rfbthmfbi Z`bg Aufj a``s bt ?, :, bfj 0 _tbr tmurfbg`fts l` jmuli`j àaòthv` ;-2-52.‗ Zkhs wbs jà`bt`j. Obrr‘s prmpmsbi tkbt Jhoc



21?

I`sf`r l` bppmhft`j ’Okbhrgbf ma bf bj kmo Hft`rfbthmfbi Aufj \bhshfe Omgghtt`` wbsufbfhgmusiy ber``j upmf.‗

Obrr gmv`j tm jì`t` ar`` P_ZZB Nufhmr g`gl`rskhps. Bs ma 8-2-52, fmt mfiy 24:(mut ma rmuekiy 2,444 Nufhmr g`gl`rs) whii l` pbyhfe tk`hr $< g`gl`rskhp a``, lut kmpàuiiybii tkms` kufjr`js gmr`. Obrr bism gmv`j tm ’wbhv` Nufhmr g`gl`rskhp r`quhr`g`fts amr

Nufhmr `v`fts bt Oims`j Fm-_tbr tmurfbg`fts.‗ Lmtk tk`s` gmthmfs w`r` obrrh`j.K`rlst gmv`j suoo`ssauiiy tkbt ’P_ZZB baahihbt`j oiul g`gl`rskhp obrjs l` vbihj mfiyamr b Fm-_tbr Oims`j tmurfbg`ft.‗ Mf` r`bsmf tkbt, j`spht` r`f`w`j hft`r`st, tk` g`gl`rskhpkbs stby`j stbefbft hs tkbt p`mpi` kbv` l``f `ft`rhfe Mp`f tmurfbg`fts whtk b oiul obrj. ’U`kbv` bothv` oiuls fugl`rhfe kufjr`js ma g`gl`rs lut whtk i`ss tkbf 24 mr 20 hfjhvhjubig`gl`rskhps! U` kbv` tmurfbg`fts whtk 244 `ftrh`s, blmut 84% ma wkhok e`t hf whtk oiulobrjs!‗ M.C., hfsthtut` b Tibyhfe T`rght, lut tkhs ar``-rhj` obrj kbs emt tm em.

Trmpms`j Oiul baahihbthmf a`` okbfe`s w`r` jà`bt`j. Obrr gmv`j tkbt tk` @.O. ’ehv`mf` y`br‘s ar`` baahihbthmf tm b oiul wkm kbs l``f omfthfumusiy baahihbt`j amr ahv` omfsòuthv`y`brs.‗ Zkhs wbs obrrh`j.

Bii tkhs tbic ma b a`w jmiibrs gust kbv` s``g`j p`tty tm gbfy P_ZZB g`gl`rs.

Btibftb‘s \by Ahiz, amr hfstbfo` (ZZZ , _`pt.-Mot., 2852, 21), wbfts tk` G`gl`rskhp a`` rbhs`jarmg $0 tm $20-$<4. Zkbt wmuij ehv` us gbyl` $:4,444 gmr` b y`br. Uhtk wkhok w` omuij>

’2‚Kbv` b $24,444 P._. Mp`f wkhok omuij ehv` tk` ebg` b imt ma pulihohty. F`wspbp`rs s``g tm omv`r spmrts gmr` wk`f gmf`y hs hfvmiv`j. (K`r` hf tk` _mutktk`y kbv` $24,444 Tutt-Tutt Zmurfbg`fts.)

<‚Khr` b obpbli` p`rsmf tm j`vmt` auii-thg` tm tk` ebg`, tbichfe tm stbt`btki`tho p`mpi` blmut e`tthfe tbli` t`ffhs hf tk` khek sokmmis, e`tthfe ahrgs tm spmfsmr

tmurfbg`fts, `to. Tby khg $24,444-$20,444 ha fò`ssbry, lut e`t smg`mf`.?‚Khr` bf Bis`r mr b _okmi`r mr bf Mehgurb tm vhsht

bii tk` c`y br`bs hf tk` omuftry amr ombokhfe bfj/mr xkhlhthmfs.

Tby khg wkbt ht tbc`s bfj ha w` ruf mut ma gmf`y w` skmuijrbhs` tk` ju`s. Mur emv`rfg`ft jm`s tk` sbg` whtk tbx`s bfjw` kbv` tm ihc` ht mr i`bv` ht. Gbyl` w` wmuij ims` smg`

p`mpi`, lut H truiy tkhfc tkms wkm r`biiy `fnmy tbli` t`ffhswhii eibjiy omftrhlut` tk`hr pbrt ha smg` pmshthv` r`suits w`r`mltbhf`j.‗

F``ji`ss tm sby, gmst ma tk` @.O. g`gl`rs w`r`f‘t r bjy amr bfy bppròhbli` hfor`bs` hf ju`s. _thii, ly Nbf. 2, 285?, tk` Iha`

G`gl`rskhp a`` whii em armg $04 tm $244, bfj ly Mot. 2, 285<, b mf`y`br g`gl`rskhp whii omst fmt $0 lut $24 (tkmuek b tkr`` y`br

g`gl`rskhp obf l` lmuekt amr $<4)3 b shfei` hssu` ma Zmphos whii l`$2‚tkmuek b 1-hssu` y`br‘s sulsorhpthmf obf l` lmuekt amr $0.

K`rlst gmv`j tkbt ’tk` Ghfut`s ma tk` @.O. g``thfes l` pulihsk`j hf Zbli` Z`ffhs Zmphos v`rlbthg.‗ Zkhs wbs obrrh`j.

\uaamrj Kbrrhsmf gmv`j ’tkbt tk` sht` amr tk` 285< P._. Mp`f l` bt Kmastrb Pfhv`rshty, Imfe Hsibfj, F`w Xmrc.‗ Lmeebf, wkm‘j l``f obii`j bwby (k` wbs pibyhfe gbtok s=), r`qu`st`j Imfe HsibfjZZB maahohbi Okrhs _kimtt`rkbus`f tm l` khs prmxy (sm bs tm ràiòt khs

Okrhs _okimtt`rkbus`fTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



21:

X`s vmt` mf tk` gmthmf). Hfhthbiiy, boomrjhfe tm _okimtt`rkbus`f, tk`r` wbs fm jhss`ft. Ibt`r,kmw`v`r, Okrhs sbys Tbrihbg`ftbrhbf Nboc Obrr ’NP_Z \@G@GL@\@J‗ tkbt prmxh`s gust l`gbj` cfmwf b w``c hf bjvbfo`. Zk` Ghfut`s ròmrj tkbt tk` vmt` AM\ wbs ufbfhgmus. Lut,tkmuek Nboc sbys k` vmt`j AM\, bfj okbsths`s g` (’ymu w`r` bt tk` g``thfe, Zhg‗) amr prhfthfe hf Zmphos Gmrt ^bcbrhf‘s ’ih`‗ tkbt Nboc kbj blstbhf`j, Okrhs, wkm‘j l``f btt`fjhfe

tk` g``thfe hf gy pibo`, sbys Obrr jhjf‘t vmt` bt bii (ZZZ , Gby-Nuf`, 285<, 8).Lmeebf gmv`j tkbt Jbvhj _bcbh, ’prmvhj`j k` pbys okòcs ju` tm tk` P_ZZB bfjehv`s b i`tt`r ma bpmimey, l` r`hfstbt`j hgg`jhbtìy.‗ Zkhs wbs jà`bt`j. \`bj gmv`j tkbt’_bcbh l` bjvhs`j tkbt tk` @.O. whii abvmrbliy omfshj`r khs r`hfstbt`g`ft upmf pbyg`ft ma okòcs ju`, b i`tt`r ma bpmimey, bfj bat`r tk` shx gmftks susp`fshmf p`fbity bs mrhehfbiiyi`vh`j.‗ Zkhs wbs obrrh`j.

_w``rhs gmv`j tkbt ’tk` P_ZZB Hft`rfbthmfbi Omgghtt`` mrebfhz` b trhp tm @urmp`

amr G`f‘s, Umg`f‘s bfj Nufhmr Z`bgs jurhfe tk` 2852-5< s`bsmf, wkhok hs tm l` omgpi`tìyaufj`j ly tk` piby`rs tk`gsìv`s.‗ Zkhs wbs obrrh`j.

T`rkbps w`‘ii s`fj bfmtk`r Z`bg tm Okhfb=…Mr mf` tm Zbhwbf=

_@I@OZ@J FMZ@_.*Zmphos omiugfhst Jmf Euff kmp`s (ZZZ , Gbrok-Bprhi, 285<, ;) ’tkbt smg`mf` hs

bgbsshfe tbli` t`ffhs g`gmrblhihb amr tk` gusùg wkhok kmpàuiiy tk` P._.Z.Z.B. whii`v`ftubiiy stblihsk. _mg` rbtk`r mlvhmusiy j`shrbli` tkhfes amr suok b gusùg wmuij l`tmurfbg`ft pmst`rs, `spòhbiiy armg tk` Umrij‘s, spmfe` lbts armg tk` jbys làmr`stbfjbrjhzbthmf, mij lbfnm-styi` lbts, `v`f tk` lmx`s tkbt lbiis omg` hf, lbt pr`ss`s, lmmcs, bomk`r`ft s`ft`fo` wrhtt`f ly Lmeebf, b imoc ma Ei`ff Omwbf‘s kbhr, whtk k`bj bttbok`j3 tk` pmsshlhihth`s br` fji`ss.‗

**H omfa`ss amr tk` \òmrj tkbt, hf bf btt`gpt tm lbibfo` tk` r`spmfs`s, H bsc`j twm prma`ssmrhbi omii`beu`s, Zmly Mismf bfj Zmg Juiboc, tm r`spmfj tm Bfmfygmus‘s i`tt`r hf bfyihl`rbi-ghfj`j wby tk`y wbft`j.



210

Okbpt`r Zkhrt``f

2852 _ugg`r Zmurfbg`fts‚Tbrt H.

Bfj sp`bchfe ma Zbhwbf, tk` \`v. Obri GoHftyr` lrmuekt b ermup ma Zbhwbf`s`

Okrhsthbf piby`rs tm tk` P._. hf Bueust bfj _`pt`gl`r. Boomrjhfe tm Okrhs J`p`` (ZZZ , Nuiy-Bue., 2852, 2:), mf` ma tk` Zmur‘s prmnòt`j ?0 stmps* kbj l``f Tmrtibfj, M\‘s GbjhsmfKhek _okmmi wk`r` ht wbs r`pmrt`j tkbt Zbhwbf‘s wmrij-oibss piby`rs wmuij l` immchfe amr imobi vmiuft``rs tm piby gbtok`s. ’Abftbstho,‗ tkmuekt J`p``. B r`bi mppmrtufhty amr mur piby`rs tm e`t smg` guok-f``j`j tmp-aihekt omgp`ththmf. Lut, mk, mk, lòbus` tk` FbthmfbihstOkhf`s` br` fmt g`gl`rs ma tk` HZZA, tk` P_ZZB omuijf‘t omuft`fbfo` hts piby`rs tbchfetk`g mf. Mur Hft`rfbthmfbi Okbhr \uaamrj Kbrrhsmf sbhj (ZZZ , _`pt.-Mot., 2852, 21) tkbt tk`

P_ZZB ’maa`r`j tm s``c HZZA p`rghsshmf skmuij bfymf` r`qu`st ht,‗ lut fm mf` jhj. (Ukyskmuij tk`y= Bfj wky skmuij Kbrrhsmf maa`r tm wrht` suok g`bfhfei`ss i`tt`rs= Ukbt okbfo`kbj tk`y ma e`tthfe maahohbi p`rghsshmf=) Zkhs ermup nust bpp`br`j hf tk` _tbt`s, bfj, omftrbrytm prmtmomi, tk` P_ZZB f`v`r rò`hv`j bfy omftbot armg tk`g mr armg tk` \`puliho ma Okhfb

bs tm tk`hr omghfe. Hf Kbwbhh, wrmt` \uaamrj, ’tk` \MO Omfsui E`f`rbi tk`r` jhj fmt cfmwblmut tk` ermup ufthi ht brrhv`j hf Kmfmiuiu3 bfj k` `xpr`ss`j khgsìa bs l`hfe jhsbppmhft`j

whtk tk` omglhfbthmf ma spmrt bfj rìhehmf.‗Bk, lut bfmtk`r tmur‚ghfh-tmur‚wbs hf tk` maahfe. E`zb

Ebzjbe wbsf‘t emhfe tm kbv` b Qbfj`rlhit tmurf`y tkhs y`br, lutokbfe`j khs ghfj bt tk` ibst ghfut`‚tkus tk` bpp`brbfo` ma wmrij-oibss piby`rs armg _w`j`f, Kufebry, bfj Xuemsibvhb hf F`w Xmrc, Okhobem,bfj Mcibkmgb Ohty. L`fetssmf bfj Nmkbfssmf ghekt bism kbv` bpp`br`j

hf Ghff`bpmihs, `xo`pt, bs Bibf Emijst`hf tìis us hf b Ghff`bpmihs ZZB F`wsi`tt`r , khs v`rlbi ber``g`ft whtk Ebzjbe g`bft fmtkhfe, amr E`zb(wkmg Imfe Hsibfj omiugfhst Jbffy Ebfz wkhgshobiiy iblì`j ’tk`

Kufebrhbf fmmji` bfj obllbe`-`bthfe okbgphmf‗) bppbr`ftiy wbsf‘tsp`bchfe amr tk` _w`j`s wkm wbft`j omfshj`rbliy gmr` gmf`y tm jm`xkhlhthmfs tk`r`‚`spòhbiiy ha, bs E`zb oibhg`j, tk`y w`r` `xpòt`j tm

jm amur hf mf` jby.Xmu emttb ehv` E`zb cujms amr tryhfe. Hf omfnufothmf whtk tkhs

Hfvhtbthmfbi, k`‘s bffmufo`j tk` mp`fhfe‚armg Nuf` 2;-_`pt. 2;‚ma tk`Qbfj`rlhit‘s ’`xoiushv Zbli Z`ffhs Oiul.‗ Ht‘ii kbv 0 tbli`s, whii ’l mp`f5 jbys b w``c, 24 bg tm 24 pg.‗ G`gl`rskhp a``‘s $<0, omsts ymu $2 `bokthg` ymu piby. ’Hfstruothmf hs bvbhibli`!‗

Lut bs lmtk tk P_ZZB bfj tkÒbfbjhbf ZZB jhsomv`r`j, Ebzjbe hs b kbrj

euy tm jm lushf`ss whtk. Amr b imfe thg`k`‘ii mw tk P_ZZB b $044 tmurfbg`ftsbfothmf a``, wkhok whii ahfbiiy l` amremtt`fhf b skmw ma emmj whii tmwbrj khg. Mftbrhm

ZZB _òr`tbry Nms Zmgchfs tìis us hf bNuf` <;, 2852 wbrfhfe i`tt`r tm Tr`shj`ft_t``fkmv`f tkbt E`zb ’lrmuekt tk` amur Kufebrhbfs tm Fmrtk Bg`rhob mf <8-jby

Jbffy EbfzTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf

Kufebrhbfs ^mitbf L`rozhc, Hstvbf Nmfy`r, Zhlmr

Cibgpbr bfj Gbtybs Lì`zfbyArmg OZZB F`ws, Mot., 2852



211

`xourshmf thoc`ts, g`bfhfe tk`y omuijf‘t i`bv` ufthi Nuiy 2<, bitkmuek k` wbs bwbr` tk`y kbjtm r`turf tm Kufebry ly Nuf` <?rj. Zk` Kufebrhbf ombok L`rozhc wbs bppbr`ftiy arbftho wk`fbjvhs`j ly tk` bhrihf`s tkbt w`r` tk` piby`rs tm i`bv` mf Nuf` << tk`r`‘j l` b p`fbity okbre` ma $?4: `bok! Boomrjhfe tm Nms`, Ebzjbe, bat`r b imfe pkmf` omfv`rsbthmf whtk L`rozhc, prmghs`j tm kìp lut jhj fmtkhfe. _m, shfo` tk` Kufebrhbfs w`r `fjhfe tk`hr Fmrtk Bg`rhobf

Zmur hf Obfbjb, ht wbs iàt tm tk` Obfbjhbfs tm omftbot tk` Kufebrhbf @glbssy, tk` Gbymr ma Zmrmftm, bfj tk` bhrihf`s tkbt `fj`j up okbrehfe L`rozhc bfj khs piby`rs mfiy tk` abr` armgZmrmftm tm Gmftr`bi (pr`sugbliy tk`hr j`pbrtur` pmhft).

Ebzjbe, hf khs Gbrok, ‘5< \`pmrt mf khs ‘52 Qbfj`rlhit tmurf`y hfjhobt`j k`‘j fmt ihc` l`hfe obii j b ’fmmji bfj obllbe`-`bthfe okbgphmf,‗ spòhbiiy bs k`‘j kbj tm fjur` b p`rsmfbi imss ma $2<,;0;.8? mf tkhs tmurfbg`ft. K`‘j khr`j ’b prma`sshmfbi puliho rìbthmfsgbf,‗ kbj bjv`rths`j tk` v`ft‚sp`ft ’$0,444 amr prmgmthmf bfj amr pulihohty!‗ K` sbhj k`

wmrc`j kbrj tm fèmthbt` e`tthfe tk` mv`rs`bs piby`rs, bfj rò`hv`j fm imobi F.X. kìp bt bii‚ kbj tm em tm b abotmry tm e`t tk` tbli`s. K` pbhj mv`r $544 amr Ei`ff Omwbf‘s `xp`fs`s lòbus` tk` P_ZZB r`qu`st`j khs pr`s`fo`‚lut tkhs wbs b wbst`. Khs piby wbsf‘t hft`r`sthfetm tk` spòtbtmrs bfj mf ZQ k` prmgmt`j khgsìa, fmt tk` tmurfbg`ft. E`zb sbys k` pbhj ’tk`

khek`st bhrihf` thoc`ts,‗ bfj tr`bt`j tk` piby`rs tm ’ahrst oibss kmtì rmmgs bfj ahrst oibssr`stburbft s`rvho`.‗ Bitkmuek k` cf`w ht wmuij l` b imss, k` ’wbft`j tm jhefhay tk` ebg`3

tk`ràmr` H tmmc tk` Ebrj`f SGbjhsmf _qubr` Ebrj`fW amr tk` ahfbi.‗_tubrt Ibssbr abhi j khg bs b Okhà \à`r``, sm k` kbj tm ’kuft bgmfe tk` spòtbtmrs

amr emmj ugphr`s.‗ BLO F`ws tmmc bjvbftbe` ma khg, bs jhj mtk`rs. Umrst ma bii, tkmuek, khs pbrtf`r hf tk` v`ftur` jhsbpp`br`j, prmlbliy bat`r k` sbw ’tk` bjvbfo` thoc`t sbi`‗ wbsjhsbppmhfthfe, bfj hs fmw suhfe Ebzjbe. Ht wbs khs pbrtf`r, E`zb sbys bs k` gmv`s tm oims` khsi`tt`r, wkm ’lmuekt tk` ok`bp`st‗ bhrihf` thoc`ts (’twm p`rsmfs kbj tm stby k`r` Shf tk` P._.W bt

i`bst <2 jbys) bfj ibt`r tkhs obus`j us smg` prmli`gs bfj hfomfv`fh`fo`s.‗ Tmmr E`zb.Bitkmuek k` bsc`j khgsìa, ’Uk`r` w`r` bii tk` p`mpi`=‗ k` omgpibhf`j tkbt Zmphos ’gbj`rhjhouimus r`gbrcs blmut tk` Ebrj`f btt`fjbfo`.‗ Bfj, mk y`s, \mf _khri`y mw`s khg $:04

bfj Nms` Zmgchfs mw`s khg $:44._thii, lbj vhl`s mr fm, k` wmuij ihc` tm kbv` b omftrbot whtk tk` P_ZZB tm ruf bf

Hfvhtbthmfbi v`ry y`br tmwbrj tk` fj ma Bprhi. K` wmuij obii tkhs tmurfbg`ft tk` ’P._. Mp`f.‗

Lut ahrst tkhfes ahrst. Amr tk` F`w Xmrc Hfvhtbthmfbi, E`zb ber``j tkbt pmsshli`spòtbtmrs w`r`f‘t bi`rt`j abr `fmuek hf bjvbfo`‚Lmlly Eushcmaa sbhj tkbt ha smg`mf` kbjehv`f khg tk`hr fbg`s bfj bjjr`ss`s k` p`rsmfbiiy wmuij kbv` gbj` <44 pkmf` obiis‚bfj smtk` :-jby turfmut wbsf‘t wkbt Ebzjbe kbj kmp`j ht wmuij l`. _thii, b tmurfbg`ft wk`r` Jhoc Ghi`s bfj L`rfh` Luch`t br` ugphrhfe, surìy tkbt wmuij l` smg`tkhfe tm s``. Bfj tk`r`(bpp`brhfe mfiy hf F`w Xmrc…amr smg` tmc`f piby bfj b vbobthmf=) wbs Nbpbf‘s 2815 Umrij

Okbgphmf Kbsèbwb. _bhj mf` spòtbtmr, ’K`‘s e`tthfe abt, hsf‘t k`=‗ _bhj bfmtk`r, ’K` immcsihc` b Nbpbf`s` skbrc, ha tk`r` hs suok b tkhfe.‗ L`fetssmf, kbhr aiyhfe bs usubi, wbs prbothohfe

whtk b f`w tmurfbg`ft lbii, bfj hf b a`w ghfut`s tk` o`ft`r ma khs rboc`t kbj j`vìmp`j b ihtti`wkht` spmt ma omfo`ftrbthmf. Mf` aìimw, immchfe bt _tìibf bfj mtk`rs, mls`rv`j, ’@v`rylmjyk`r` f``js b kbhrout.‗

T`mpi` stbrt tm omg` hf‚bgmfe tk`g, quh`tiy, Jbffy Cby`.

’Ukm‘s k`=‗ H k`br b vmho` sby.’Zk` Umrij Okbgp,‗ sbys bfmtk`r.Abg`j botmr Cby` sbys k` ihc`s tm piby, lut jm`sf‘t guok e`t b okbfo` tm. ’Kmw imfe

kbv` tk`y l``f pibyhfe whtk tk`s` rboc`ts=‗ k` wbfts tm cfmw.



215

L`fetssmf gbc`s khg b pr`s`ft ma mf` ma khs (sìis amr $20). Aìimw _w`j` CnìiNmkbfssmf hs stbfjhfe ly. Jbffywbfts tm cfmw wkbt chfj ma rboc`t

k` pibys whtk. Nmkbfssmf pmhfts tmL`fetssmf, sghi`s, bfj sbys, ’K`‘stk` Umrij Okbgp‚H piby whtkkhs.‗

Jbffy omfoiuj`s ymu kbv`tm l` hf bs guok skbp` amr tbli`t`ffhs bs ymu jm amr ammtlbii. ’Hs

tk`r` bfy ebg` abst`r=‗ k` bscs.’Nbh-bibh,‗ smg`lmjy sbys.’Lut tk` wbii kbs fm

strbtèy‗ r`pih`s L`fetssmf.

’X`bk,‗ sbys Cby`, ’tk`wbii‘s b jugl wbii.‗

Bii ma tkhs hs aufomfv`rsbthmf tm g`. Bfj H nustjmf‘t ufj`rstbfj wky `v`fj`jhobt`j p`mpi` hf mur spmrt jmf‘t

wbft tm l` hf mf tk` lhe-thg` so`f`, wky tk`y‘r` whiihfe tm s`tti` amr sm guok i`ss.Ma omurs` L`fetssmf hs fmt biwbys a`ìhfe sm arh`fjiy. K` omgpibhfs blmut tk` tbli`s,

tk` aimmr. (’H‘g us`j tm pibyhfe mf b wmmj`f aimmr,‗ k` sbys. ’Zkhs aimmr hs tmm smat.‗)Bfj whtk tbic ma aimmrs, H‘g r`ghfj`j tkbt Ubiiy Eufjibok, wkm us`j tm piby mut ma _t.

Imuhs <4 y`brs bem, bfj mfo` wbs mf tk` P._. Umrij Z`bg, skmw`j up amr tk` gbtok`s mf`

fhekt. K`‘s hftm sìihfe _pmrt Abo`. ’_okmmis br` ushfe ht fmw,‗ k` sbys. ’Ht‘s tk` l`st suraboàmr t`ffhs.‗

B fugl`r ma p`mpi` H kbjf‘t s``f hf y`brs, ihc` Nhggy By`rs, btt`fj`j tk` gbtok`s.

Bfj ma omurs` mf` g``ts strbfe`rs. H wbs hftrmjuo`j tm @ghi Guo`rbf ma F`w Xmrc Ohty, b pbst mr pr s`ft vho`-pr shj`ft ma tk` \mgbfhbf A`j`rbthmf wkm, H wbs bssur`j, hs bf `xtr`gìyemmj ombok, aiu`ft hf amur ibfeube`s.

_bys b vmho` f`brly, ’Ht‘s tk`hr ombok`s wkm hfshst tkbt tk`s` piby`rs l` sm bihv`. _``kmw tk`y‘r` maa tk`hr a``t wk`f tk`y kht tk` lbii. L`fetssmf e`ts sm psyok`j up, k` jm`sf‘tcfmw wk`r` k` hs.‗

Lut smg`mf` ìs` sbys, ’L`fetssmf wmf tk` Umrij Okbgphmfskhp lòbus` k` kbs tk` l`st rull`r. Zk` mtk`r piby`rs obf‘t piby bebhfst khs rull`r. _mmf`r mr ibt`r tk` lbii whii pmp

up. Uky jm ymu tkhfc tk`y okbre` $20 amr khs lbt=‗ Lut bfymf` wkm wbtok`s _tìibf cfmws kmw emmj khs ammtwmrc hs, kmw ht `fbli`s khg

tm amiimw up khs s`rv`, tbc` tk` r`turf bfj lèhf tm amro`. Uk`f bsc`j kmw k` khts khs lbockbfj, k` pmhfts tm khs wbhst, sbys k` phvmts armg tk`r`.

Bfj kmw jàt khs pibo`g`fts! Mf` spòtbtmr sbys, ’L`fetssmf‘s tk` mfiy mf` k`r` tmus` b jrmp skmt. K` nust tbc`s `v`rylmjy‘s sphf, jrmps tk` lbii j`bj, bfj obtok`s ‛`g 24 a``tbwby armg tk` tbli`. Kbsèbwb whtk mf` ma khs imls kbs sm l`ft khs cf``s ihathfe tk` lbii tkbtk` obf‘t e`t lboc.‗

Zkr`` oì`lrhth`s, I-\> Jbffy Cby`,

’Ghss Thfe‗ Fùl`re`r bfj Gbrty \`hsgbf



21;

Bfj y`t whtk Nmfy`r bfj Cibgpbr‘s sphf L`fetssmf kbs trmuli`. ’Lmy,‗ sbys Luch`t,’tkhs Nmfy`r hs tk` l`st sphff`r H‘v` `v`r s``f.‗ Mfiy, bs ht kbpp`fs, tkhs tmurfbg`ft Nmfy`r obf‘t piby bt bii.

Cibgpbr, tkmuek, hs smg`tkhfe is`. Zk` nmc`s omfthfu`. ’Obf ymu hgbehf` khgwhffhfe tkhs tmurfbg`ft=…Ukbt wmuij tk`y ehv` khg= B lhe rull`r juoc bfj b imiihpmp=‗

Lut Cibgpbr, whtk khs j`vbstbthfe immp (prmpìi`j ly b sfbp bfj b v`ry imfe amiimwtkrmuek), omfthfu`s tm whf. Fmw ha k` obf mfiy stby bwbc`.G`bfwkhi`, Cmrpb (wkm obg` <fj tm Cbrbcbs`vho hf tk` rò`ft Xuemsibv Oims`j)

gbc`s fm btt`gpt wkbtsm`v`r tm l` beer`sshv` maa khs s`rv`. K` sthii pibys mij-styi` pusk`s(lut‚lmmg!‚wkbt b amr`kbfj k` obf kht hf). Ihc` L`fetssmf, k` c``ps tk` lbii hf piby bfj smmat`f prmvhj`s gmr` jrbgb tkbf tk` `v`ftubi whff`r Cibgpbr wkm swbts bwby, quhociy,obrì`ssiy ht s``gs, gbyl` ahv` pmhfts b ebg`.

Bs amr Nmkbfssmf, tkmuek khs kbgg`r hsf‘t strhchfe ihc` ht us`j tm (k`‘s thr`j bt <:= k`smg`thg`s immcs thr`j), k`‘s emtt`f v`ry st`bjy, `spòhbiiy whtk tkbt lbockbfj.

O`rtbhfiy fmlmjy tkhfcs bfy Bg`rhobf hs emhfe tm whf…b gbtok=…b ebg`= Bfj y`t\`s`c bfj Omwbf jm `brf (br` fmt ehv`f) b imt ma pmhfts. ’H sw`br tm Emj,‗ sbys Ei`ff,

’L`fetssmf f`v`r kbj b abj` bwby thii k` wbtok`j g`.‗Hf tk` ahfbi, Cibgpbr l`bts khg‚L`fetssmf, fmt Omwbf‚28 hf tk` ?rj.

Zmphos (Nuiy-Bue., 2852, 0) prhfts twm sgbii wrht`-ups blmut tk` Nuf` <4tk OkhobemHfvhtbthmfbi tkbt amiimw`j tk` Qbfj`rlhit tmurfbg`ft. Kbrry Ubrj ma tk` Okhobem Oiul tìis us tkbt:44 spòtbtmrs (mf` ma wkmg, Z`j Cbssì, sbys tkbt ’bpprmxhgbtìy <44 iuocy ftkushbsts‗) sbw tk``xkhlhthmfs/tk` tmurfbg`ft put mf ly tk` Okbgphmf @urmp`bfs mf b ’lrutbiiy kmt bat`rfmmf.‗ Zk`v`fu`, sbhj Cbssì, wbs Arbfc Zhoky‘s Imebf _qubr` Oiul mf tk` Fmrtkw`st shj` ma Okhobem, bfjtkmuek ’tk` pkyshobi brrbfe`g`ft amr spòtbtmrs wbs fmt p`raòt bfj tk` t`gp`rbtur` wbs bigmst

ufl`brbli`,‗ abf bat`r abf wbs lmtk bgus`j bfj bgbz`j ly tk` piby.Bgus`j hf pbrt lòbus` Bg`rhobf piby`rs hf tk` br`b w`r` whiihfe tm l` `hektk-ahfbi

amhis tm tk` vhshtmrs> L`fetssmf j. Z`j Lbss`tt3 Cbrbcbs`vho j. Nhg Jbv`y3 Nmfy`r j. I`mfbrj

GoF`ò`3 Cibgpbr j. \hokbrj Gbzur`c3 Cmrpb j. Jìi _w``rhs3 Nmkbfssmf j. N. Fmvbo`c,bfj, hf tk` mfiy gbtok tkbt wbsf‘t wmf ?-zhp, Lì`zfby j. N`rry Cbrluicb hf 0 (tkhs bat`r Lì`zfby kbj piby`j b pr`-ihg gbtok bebhfst Ghc` Q`hii`tt`, jmwfhfe khg hf tk` jòhjhfe ?rj).

Ibt`-rmufj r`suits> L`fetssmf j. T`t`r Trbjht (wkm‘j kbj b wbrg-up gbtok bebhfstLhii I`sf`r)3 Nmfy`r j. Cbrbcbs`vho3 Cmrpb j. Cibgpbr3 Nmkbfssmf j. Lì`zfby. _`gh‘s>L`fetssmf j. Nmfy`r3 Nmkbfssmf j. Cmrpb, <?, -2:, <2. Ahfbi> L`fetssmf j. Nmkbfssmf hf :.

Cbssì sbys tkbt tm khs cfmwi`je` fmt b wmrj ma ’tkhs mfo`-hf-b-iha`thg` spmrthfe `v`ftr`bok`j tk` imobi ZQ stbthmfs, mr `v`f tk` f`wspbp`rs.‗ Lut Ubrj, tkmuek bjghtthfe tk`r` wbs’v`ry ihtti` ommp`rbthmf armg tk` omggufhobthmfs g`jhb,‗ jm`s sby tk`r` w`r` ’amur sgbii

brthoi`s hf tk` spmrts pbe`s ma tk` gbnmr jbhiy f`wspbp`rs, s`v`rbi brthoi`s hf tk` amr`hefibfeube` bfj f`heklmrkmmj pbp`rs, bfj b vbiubli` piue ly b pmpuibr jhsc nmoc`y, \my

I`mfbrj…Sbism ’b g`fthmf hf b emsshp omiugf‗W. ’_p`bchfe bs b t`ffhs luaa,‗ sbys Cbssì,’tkhs tbli` t`ffhs `v`ft mv`rskbjmw`j bii tk` t`ffhs tmurfbg`fts rò`ftiy maa`r`j hf tkÒkhobem br`b wk`f ht omg`s rhekt jmwf tm spòtbtmr tkrhiis.‗

Zmphos r`bj`rs w`r` ehv`f bf bjj`j pi`bsur` wk`f ht turf`j mut tkbt _t`v` Brfmij

(Nbf.-A`l., 285<, 0-1) kbj jmf` bf hft`rvh w whtk _t iibf L`fetssmf rhekt bat r k`‘j ahfhsk`jkhs ibst gbtok bfj kbj emf` up tm ’tk` s``jy jr`sshfe rmmg‗ blmv` tk` Zhoky Oiul. _t`vòmuij s`` rhekt bwby tkbt ’tk` 244 jèr`` k`bt, tk` bigmst jbhiy bhr aihekts, bfj tk` w`hekt ma tk` okbgphmf‘s gbfti` w`hek`j k`bvhiy upmf khg‗>



218

’Khs abo`‚mp`f bfj hffmo`ft, ormss`j ar`qu`ftiy whtk pi`bsbft sghi`s‚wbs wmrf3 khskbhr jrhpp`j sw`bt3 k` immc`j mij`r tkbf `hekt``f> fm r`st amr b whff`r. Ukhi` k` strhpp`j khsjbrc liu` skmrts bfj skhrt, k` omfstbftiy, biwbys pmihtìy, bocfmwi`je`j er``thfes bfjomferbtuibthmfs skmt bt khg ly wìi-whsk`rs bfj omgp`thtmrs. L`fetssmf tmwì`j khgsìa,jrmpphfe Skhs 0‘,0,‗ ’thektiy cfht, gusoi`j arbg`‗W mftm tk` kbrj wmmj`f l`fok…i`bf`j lboc

bfj tmmc s`v`rbi j``p lr`btks….‗

M.C. Ru`sthmfs=’R> Kmw imfe kbv` ymu l``f pibyhfe tbli` t`ffhs=‗’B> …blmut `hekt y`brs, lut r`bi prbotho`‚wkbt w` hf _w`j`f wmuij obii r`bi prbotho`

(`x`rohs`, ruffhfe, bfj trbhfhfe)‚blmut ahv` y`brs, shx y`brs. H stbrt`j pibyhfe H eu`ss wk`f Hwbs blmut t`f mr ì`v`f….‗

’R> Ukm w`r` tk` ombok`s wkm kìp`j ymu j`vìmp ymur styi`, ymur blhihty tm r`turff`briy v`ry lbii whtk er`bt vbrhbthmf hf sphf tm bf bwcwbrj spmt mf tk` tbli`=‗

’B> …twm emmj ombok`s bt gy imobi oiul hf Lbfjkbe`f.…Mehgurb. H bism wmrc`jwhtk Kbss` Bis`r bfj whtk Cnìi‘s lrmtk`r (Cnìi omueks bfj L`fetssmf sghi`s bt khg). Uk`f H

wbs hf Nbpbf hf tk` 2854 s`bsmf H stujh`j whtk gbfy Nbpbf`s` ombok`s tmm.‗’R> …hf Nbpbf wkbt okbfe`s jhj ymur ebg`

ufj`rem= Xmu s``g tm r`tbhf tk` @urmp`bf `gpkbshsupmf b sphf ebg` tm amro` ymur mppmf`ft hftm tbothobi`rrmrs.‗

’B> …H i`brf`j tm stmp khtthfe gy amr`kbfj whtkgy brg bfj H lèbf tm us` gy wkmi` lmjy….H bismstbrt`j ushfe tk` Gbrc Q k`bvy rull`r H us` fmw.

Lòbus` ma ht, tkmuek, H kbj tm wmrc mf gy lhe bfjsgbii strmc`s tm omftrmi tk` lbii.‗

’R> …Ukbt jm ymu tkhfc ma …SOkubfe Zs`-

tufeW=‗’B> ’@v`f tkmuek H l`bt khg wk`f w` piby`j hf

_w`j`f hf 2854 bfj tkhs y`br hf Fbemyb, H cf`w k`

wbs tk` er`bt`st piby`r `v`r. K` wbs blmut 24chimerbgs mv`rw`hekt hf tkms` tmurfbg`fts bfje`tthfe mij3 lut wk`f k` wbs aht, k` omuij khtamr`kbfj bfj lbockbfj bfj f`v`r ghss‚bigmst. Hwmuij ihc` tm stujy tbli` t`ffhs whtk khg, lut H tkhfc ht v`ry jhaahouit amr g` tm piby tk` chfj ma bttboc ebg`

k` jm`s.‗…

’R> ’Ukbt wbs ymur strbtèy Shf FbemybW…bebhfst tk` Okhf`s` piby`rs=‗

’B> ’H kbj tm piby bii piby`rs jhaa`r`ftiy3 lut shfo` Ih Okhfe-cubfe l`bt g` hf tk` t`bggbtok`s `bshiy, hf tkms` ebg`s H tkhfc H kht tmm abst whtk tmm guok sphf. Ih hs b limochfe piby`r.

Uk`f H simw`j tk` ebg` jmwf, k` jhj fmt put bfy pmw`r hftm tk` lbii. Zk` lbii tk`f obg`gmr` simwiy tm g`, bfj H wbs bli` tm piby gy typ` ma ebg`, fmt tk` bfei`s bfj tk` quhoc limocs Okubfe bfj Ksh @f-thfe us . H us`j b shghibr tòkfhqu` bebhfst Ksh @f-thfe wkm l`btg` amur thg`s v`ry `bshiy hf _w`j`f….‗

_tìibf L`fesstmf> `y` mf tk` gbrc Tkmtm ly J`bf Nmkfsmf



254

’R> ’Ukbt jm ymur gmtk`r bfj abtk`r tkhfc ma ymu kmijhfe tk` thti` ma UmrijOkbgphmf…=‗

’B> ’Zk`y br` v`ry eibj bfj prmuj. Gy pbr`fts... f`v`r tmij g` fmt tm prbotho`, `v`fwk`f H wbs pibyhfe gbfy kmurs b jby. Lut fmw tkbt H bg wmrij okbgphmf, `v`rymf` wbfts tm l`bt g`. Zkbt gbc`s ht kbrj mf tk`g bfj g` tmm.‗

M.C. Hft`rvh`w mv`r. ’L`fetssmf lèbf tm skhv`r. K` sihpp`j mut ma khs yìimw sihfeskmt nmoc strbp bfj w`ft tm tk` shfei` skmw`r. Uk`f k` `g`re`j b a`w gmg`fts ibt`r, kìmmc`j ihc` bfy mtk`r schffy, fbc`j t``f.‗ Lut, sbhj _t`v`, ht‘s b ’sbj omgg`ftbry upmfBg`rhob‘s spmrts‘ so`f` tkbt fm mf` hgpmrtbft wbs tk`r` tm tbic whtk tkhs ehbft ma b ymufegbf….‗ _bj tkbt ’a`w Bg`rhobfs cf`w mr obr`j k` wbs k`r`….H wbs struoc whtk tk` pmv`rtyma mur tr`btg`ft ma b okbgphmf hf b ibfj r`put`j tm pmss`ss guok.‗

L`fetssmf bfj tk` mtk`r @urmp`bfs tk`f w`ft mf tm Mcibkmgb Ohty amr b mf`-jbyHfvhtbthmfbi tk`r`. Ht wbs piby`j bpprmprhbtìy fmuek bt tk` Abhrermufjs Hft`rfbthmfbi Luhijhfe, bfjtk` MOZZB ’bffmufo`j tkbt bii mrebfhz`j nufhmr spmrts t`bgs‚suok bs XGOB, okurok mr lmysoiuls‚gby btt`fj tk` bat`rfmmf s`sshmf mf 04-o`ft thoc`ts.‗ Kufebry‘s Lì`zfby mp`f`j whtk b

<?, << whf mv`r t`bggbt` Nmfy`r, tk`f abo`j L`fetssmf. MOZZB Tr`shj`ft \mf _khri`y hf khswrht`-up sbhj tkbt _tìibf, ’wkm immcs gmr` ihc` b nufhmr kheksokmmi`r tkbf b wmrij okbgp (tkbt hs,

ufthi k` e`ts b rboc`t hf khs kbfj), imst khs ommi‗‚omgpibhf`j tkbt tk` Fhss`f tbli` ’sbee`j hf tk`ghjji`,‗ tkbt tk` omfor`t` aimmr wbs tmm ’sihoc.‗ Bs b omfs`qu`fo`, tk` Okbgp imst tm Lì`zfby‚ lut ly tk` typhobi xkhlhthmf somr` ma 28 hf tk` ?rj. Ibt`r, kmw`v`r, L`fetssmf jhj kbv` b okbfo` tmgbc` tk` ahfbi bebhfst Nmfy`r‚lut imst tm khg 28 hf tk` ?rj.

Zkbt lrmuekt ’B‗ Ermup whff`r Nmfy`r up bebhfst aìimw Kufebrhbf ’L‗ Ermupwhff`r Cibgpbr. ’Cibgpbr biwbys immcs ihc` k`‘s emhfe tm jmz` maa bt bfy thg`, sm ht‘s kbrj tm

sby wk`tk`r k` wbs r`biiy putthfe mut 244%‗ hf (2st Trhz` $044, <fj Trhz` $?44) imshfe tmNmfy`r ?-4. Amr sur`, tkmuek, \mf tkmuekt, ’_mg` si``phfe phii gbfuabotur`r muekt tm khr`Cibgpbr amr tk`hr ZQ bjs.‗

Kmw‘j tk` P._. jm= _w``rhs piby`j ’`xtr`gìy wìi bt thg`s‗‚tkmuek hf 5 gbtok`somuij tbc` mfiy 2 ebg`…bebhfst Nmfy`r. Gbyl` bii Jìi f``js hs ’b a`w wmrij oibss prbotho` pbrtf`rs hf Erbfj \bphjs‗= Bfj Omwbf (j`sorhl`j lhzbrrìy ly imobi r`pmrt`r Tbui _`wìi bs

tk` ’gmrbi` i`bj`r ma tk` P._. phfe-pmfe jhpimgbts‗) gbyl` k` tmm f``js smg`tkhfe gmr`=’Hf imshfe bii 1 _hfei`s ebg`s k` piby`j, Ei`ff bv`rbe`j mfiy 2: pmhfts p`r ebg`.‗ Uk`fL`fetssmf/Nmkbfssmf k`brj tk` Jmuli`s maa`r`j fm prhz` gmf`y,tk`y jòihf`j tm piby, sm tk` `v`ft wbs obfoì`j, bfj Omwbf, pbhrhfe whtk _w``rhs, emt tk` mppmrtufhty tm ims` twm gmrèbg`s hf bf @xkhlhthmf Gbtok whtk Nmfy`r/Cibgpbr.

Obihamrfhb put mf b fugl`r ma sugg`r tmurfbg`fts‚ p`rkbps tk` gmst tbic j blmut ma wkhok wbs tk` $<<44 _bf

Arbfohsom Lby br`b‘s Hft`rfbthmfbi Gbst`rs Hfvhtbthmfbi, mr, i`ss pr t`fthmusiy, Gbrhf Hfvhtbthmfbi, kìj Nuf 24-22 bt C`ftah ij. Mf`

ma tk` piby`rs fmt hfvht`j wbs P._. Umrij Z`bgg`gl`r Omwbf lòbus`‚bs Jhoc Ghi`s, hf b

Nuf` 5 i`tt`r tm Tr`shj`ft _t``fkmv`f, skmw`jk` wbs bekbst tm kbv` amufj mut‚Gbx Kbn`c,Qho`-Tr`shj`ft ma tk` Gbrhf Oiul, mlnòt`j tmEi`ff‘s…’imfe kbhr.‗ K`r`‘s Jhoc>

Gbz Kbn`c Tkmtm ly Jmf Euff



252

’…Ukbt omimssbi ebii!……SZk`W chfj ma btthtuj` tkbt Kbn`c xpr`ss`s hf tkhs hs `xbotiy tk` chfj ma tkhfe

tkbt bii tkrmuek gy s`rhmus pibyhfe jbys wk`f H wbs ihvhfe, bthfe, bfj si``phfe tbli`

t`ffhs, us`j tm s`fj g` hftm b omrf`r hf rbe` bfj j`spbhr.Hs tbli` t`ffhs f`v`r tm e`t rhj ma tk`s` ufomfsohmfbli` jhsohpihfbrhbfs=…‗

Lmtk Jmf Euff (ZZZ , Nuiy-Bue., 2852, 23 21) bfj Jbv` K`wsmf (ZZZ , _`pt.-Mot.,2852, <<) r`pmrt`j mf tkhs tmurfbg`ft‚whtk Jmf fmthfe tkbt Tbui \bpkì (OB #; hf tk` P._.

G`f‘s \bfchfes) ’c`pt wbichfe up bfj jmwf hf khs pibyhfe mutaht, twhrihfe b lbt.‗ Zkhs, Jmfsbw, bs `htk`r ’j`gmfstrbthfe b lbsho hfsòurhty, mr tryhfe tm gbc` tk` pmhft tkbt k` skmuijkbv` l``f hfvht`j.‗ G`bfwkhi`, ’Jbf Emmjgbf, tk` prmgmt`r ma tk` v`ft, `x`rohs`j khs pr`rmebthv` ly putthfe khgsìa hftm tk` jrbw, whtk bfmtk`r imobi piby`r ma fm pbrthouibr r`fmwf…Samr, bs Euff sbys,W b lht ma omgho rìhà.‗ (T`mpi` amufj ht auffy tkbt Jbf lrmc` khseibss`s hf b prìhghfbry gbtok=) B sìòt 2: ma tk` piby`rs hf tk` Jrbw ’kbj tk`hr `ftry a``s pbhj ly b spmfsmr, wkm bism prmvhj`j b pibyhfe skhrt whtk bf bj mf tk` lboc.‗

Euff sbhj tk` tmurfbg`ft ’wbs ruf hf b tkmrmuekiy prma`sshmfbi gbff`r‗>

T`t`r XùfeTkmtm ly Jmf Euff

T`t`r XuTkmtm ly Jmf Euff

_t`v` QbrìbTkmtm ly Jmf Euff

\hokbrj IhbfeTkmtm ly Jmf Euff



25<

’Mfiy bt tk` Umrij‘s kbv` H s``f sm guok btt`fthmf tm prmvhjhfe tk` bujh`fo`whtk hfamrgbthmf mf wkm wbs whtk wkm bfj wkbt wbs kbpp`fhfe. Uhtk mfiy twm tbli`shf us`, spòtbtmrs omuij s`` lmtk `bshiy, bfj bt b eibfo` i`brf tk` fbg` ma `bok piby`r,bfj khs somr` hf pmhfts bfj ebg`s. @bok gbtok kbj bf ugphr` bfj b somr`c``p`r. @bokspòtbtmr rò`hv`j b i`bai`t skmwhfe tk` jrbw, bfj ehvhfe hfamrgbthmf mf tk` s``j`j

piby`rs, bs wìi bs piues amr imobi oiuls.…Jbf kbj tk` amr`shekt tm `fihst b emmj or`w, whtk Nmkf Kbffb bs tmurfbg`ftrà`r``. Zk` luic ma tk` ugphrhfe wbs jmf` ly _kbrmf Botmf (`x P._. Umg`f‘sOkbgphmf), \hb Bch, Kbrry Fìsmf, Nmkf Kmrfhfe, Jh`t`r Kul`r, bfj K`btk`r Bfeìhf`ttb. Lhii bfj N`rry Ruhoc bfj N`bf Q`ht jhj gmst ma tk` somr`c``phfe….

…Luj Lmw`rs, amrg`r pr`shj`ft ma tk` Gbrhf Zbli` Z`ffhs Oiul, …s`t upshefs, whp`j tbli`s, bfj jhj shghibr jruje`ry.‗

…Gbx Kbn`c kbfji`j tk` bffmufohfe nml whtk bpimgl3 khs obràui jhothmf bfjomfthf`ftbi boo`ft nusthayhfe tk` us` ma tk` wmrj ‛hft`rfbthmfbi‘ amr tkhs kmpàuiiybffubi v`ft.‗

Euff gbj` a`w omgg`fts mf tk` piby, lut k` jhj obii btt`fthmf tm tk` mf` Umg`f‘sgbtok‚wmf ly U`fjy Khocs ($50) mv`r Hr`f` Meus ($04) wkm ibt`r bt tk` _bf Arbfohsom

Obli` Obr Oibssho wmuij whf tk` Umg`f‘s bfj tk` Ghx`j whtk _kmfh` Bch. U`fjy, Jmf sbhj,’immcs bs ha sk` ahfjs iha` b r`bi nmy Swkhok sk` kbjf‘t làmr`=W, bfj H sby kmmrby amr k`r.‗

K`wsmf, wkm spmc` ma jhsputbthmfs l`hfe kìj tm ’bf blsmiut` ghfhgug, tk` jòmrugma tk` piby`rs ahtthfe tm tk` khek oibss ma tk` `v`ft,‗ fmt`j tkbt ’tk` Sv`ry sbthsah`jW spòtbtmrs,wkm pbhj armg $2.50 tm $<.<0,…fugl`r`j wìi mv`r b tkmusbfj amr tk` twm jbys.‗ K` tk`fj`sorhl`s b fugl`r ma tk` gbtok`s>

Ahrst \mufj \`suits> ?-4 whfs> T`t`r Trbjht mv`r U`l`r3 J`fhs M‘Omffìi mv`r \bgmfA`rfbfj`z3 Nboc Kmwbrj mv`r T`t`r Xùfe3 _w``rhs mv`r \by Euhii`f3 Qho Ibfjbu mv`r Jbffy

Lbfbok wkm‘ii jmghfbt` tk` OB sugg`r _`fhmr v`fts3 \ml

\ml`rts, tk` upomghfe _`gbfb Fbuthob G`f‘s whff`r, mv`r Bzgy Hlrbkhg3 @rwhf Ci`hf mv`r \hokbrj Ihbfe wkm bt _bfArbfohsom hf Bue. whii l` tk` Obli` Obr ruff`r-up tm

M‘Omffìi3 bfj Kmwh` Ermssgbf, ahfbihst bt tk` _`gbfb Fbuthob bt _bftb Lbrlbrb, mv`r Bi`x _biohjm ly jàbuit. Ma gmr` tkbf rmuthf` hft`r`st> Biibf K`rscmvhok mv`r Nm` I``,28 hf tk` :tk3 Zmg \utthfe`r mv`r T`t`r Xu, <0-<? hf tk` : tk3\by Abkistrmg, whffhfe tk` <fj bt 28 bat`r imshfe tk` 2st, mv`r E`mre` Gbcc hf :3 bfj \mf Qmf _okhggìgbf mv`r Bch, ;

hf tk` 0tk.Gmr` omft`st`j gbtok`s> Amrg`r _mutk Cmr`bf stbr,

Nmmfe Ehi Tbrc, <8, kbs s`tti`j hf tk` _tbt`s. K`‘j l``frbfc`j #? hf Bshb (bat`r ihghfbthfe Mehgurb, <0-<? hf tk` 0tk

hf tk` 281? Bshbf Okbgphmfskhps hf Gbfhib). Khs smat luterboàui tmpsphf jm`s hf _bf Arbfohsom‘s _t`v` Qbrìb.

Biluqu`rqu`‘s Kìgutk Qmrk`rr, whffhfe tk` c`y 2st ebg`,<?-<2, khs ’ghxtur` ma kbrj rull`r jà`fshv` strmc`s bfjomuft`r-jrhvhfe sbiih`s‗ pr`v`fthfe _borbg`ftm‘s Nàa Gbsmfarmg immphfe bs k`‘j ihc`, bjvbfo`s hf :. Lby br`b piby`r,

Kìgutk Qmrk`rrTkmtm ly Jmf Euff



25?

_bftb Lbrlbrb B bfj L whff`r \hokbrj Z`rry amro`s 1tk s``jJbrryi Aibff hftm tk` 0tk. Lut p`rkbps tk` l`st briy-rmufjgbtok phts _bf Arbfohsom‘s l`st, Jbv` Okbf, bebhfst _bfJhèm‘s l`st, Gbrc Bjìgbf. ’Okbf stbys oims` tm tk` tbli`bfj gpimys b ahf` s`rv` tm e`t mp`fhfes. Bj igbf jìhv`rs

ormuokhfe amr`kbfj limws armg bii mv`r tk` tbli`. Gbrc, bat`r imshfe tk` 2st, survhv`s tk` gbrbtkmf <fj, ?:-?<, tk`f kbfes mftm whf, <?-<2, <<-<4.

@hektk‘s> mfiytwm `bsy gbtok`s>_w``rhs mv`r \utthfe`r3 Ci`hf mv`r

Abkistrmg‚tkmuekAibff jm`sf‘t kbv`guok :-ebg` trmuli`

whtk Ermssgbf. Trbjht, ’khtthfe hf bo`s, hs up <-4 bfj

21-:, wk`f sujj`fiy k` lèhfs imshfe pmhfts ’whtkròci`ss blbfjmf‗ bfj smg`kmw fjs up jrmpphfe tkhs

?rj ebg` <5-<0, tk`f whfs tk` :tk. \ml`rts ims`s b ebg`<2-: tm Ibfjbu, lut gmr` tkbf lbibfo`s ly whffhfe tk`mtk`r ?, twm bt jùo`. M‘Omffìi kbs trmuli` bjnusthfetm K`rscmvhok‘s kbrj rull`r ebg`, lut gbfbe`s tm whf <:-<< hf tk` :tk, wbrjhfe maa Biibf‘srbiiy armg 22-25 jmwf. Bebhfst Kmwbrj, Qmf _okhggìgbf hs l`khfj <-4 bfj <4-20 gbtok pmhft hf tk` ?rj…tk`f hs `v`f up emhfe hftm tk` 0tk! Uk`rùpmf Nboc ’okbfe`s khs styi`

omgpi`tìy, pibys bs guok lbockbfj bs k` obf, stbys oims` tm tk` tbli`, pusk`s bfj phoc khts,‗sm tkbt, omghfe maa tk` tbli` bat`r l`hfe limwf ufj`r, <2-8 hf tk` 0 tk, \mf immcs Sbs Euff sbysW’bs ha k` kbj nust l``f r`sou`j armg b sufc`f P-lmbt.‗ Tbrc ’hs mut ma skbp`,‗ fmt pr`pbr`j

amr ’Bjìgbf‘s j`vhi-gby-obr` amr`kbfj sgbsk`s,‗ bfj tkmuek Gbrc‘s jmwf 21-25 hf tk` 0tk

,k`‘s bli` tm ruf mut tk` gbtok.

Hf mf` ma tk` rmufj rmlhf s`gh‘s, ht‘s Kmwbrj ?-4, Trbjht <-2, M‘Omffìi 2-<, bfj

Bjìgbf 4-? (tkmuek k` em`s 0 whtk Nboc). Bebhfst M‘Omffìi, Kmwbrj whfs ?-4. Lut, bsNboc‘s up <4-2: hf tk` 2st, jmf‘t bsc kmw J`fhs wbs bli` tm omfthfu` mf bfj e`t bfmtk`r 2? pmhfts. Bfmtk`r str bcy 2st ebg` moourr`j hf M‘Omffìi‘s gbtok whtk Trbjht. T`t`r‘s up 0-2,tk`f jmwf 2?-1, tk`f up 28-2:, tk`f ims`s bt jùo`. Uhij, kuk= Bat`r Trbjht whfs tk` <fj tm`v`f tk` gbtok, M‘Omffìi em`s bk`bj hf tk` ?rj 5-2, tk`f ims`s ht bt 21, tk`f jrmps tk` :tk bt ;.Bebhfst T`t`r, Nboc ’ghx`s ht up‚pibys jà`fs` bfj immps.‗ Zkmuek k` whfs tk` <fj, ’Trbjht

obf‘t jòhj` wk`tk`r tm immp mr chii tk` lbii,‗ bfj, ufbli` tm gmuft bf bttboc, obf‘t stby hf tk`gbtok. ’Bat`rwbrjs,‗ sbys K`wsmf, T`t`r ’aìt k` skmuij kbv` kht gmr` bfj immp`j i`ss. _mg`

spòtbtmrs, prmlbliy ufbwbr` ma tk` ibre` rmi` ma sphf hf gmj`rf tbli` t`ffhs, omuij fmtbppròhbt` Kmwbrj‘s jò`pthv` piby wkhok pr`v`ft`j Trbjht armg ebhfhfe khs lbibfo` bfjwhffhfe imfe s`qu`fo`s ma pmhfts bs k` kbj hf khs brih`r gbtok`s.‗

Hf tk` mtk`r rmufj rmlhf s`gh‘s, \ml`rts l`bts Aibff hf :, whffhfe twm 28 ebg`s. Lut

f`htk`r piby`r obf omft`st bebhfst Ci`hf mr _w``rhs. Bebhfst @rwhf, Jìi‘s ’kbrj-jrhvhfebttboc‗ whfs khg tk` 2st bt ;. Lut hf tk` <fj, Ci`hf rbiih`s armg 2<-; jmwf tm 20-2< up, bfjsqubr`s tk` gbtok. Hf tk` ?rj, Jìi, ’ly `bshfe up mf tk` sphf mf smg` ma khs immp-jrhv` skmts,‗obus`s @rwhf tm gbc` `rrmrs bfj ims` tk` ebg`. Hf tk` : tk, Jìi, up 2:-1, hs aiyhf‘> lboc <0 a``t

Gbrc BjìgbfTkmtm ly Jmf Euff

\mf Qmf _okhggìgbfTkmtm ly \ml`rt Omgptmf



25:

mf khs amr`kbfj shj`…Sk`W sgbocs b amr`kbfj omuft`r, tk`f sprhfts <4 a``t bormss omurt bfj,24 a``t lboc armg tk` tbli`, khts hf b r`turf wkhok Ci`hf f`ts. _w``rhs hs ’tmm emmj‗ amr @rwhf($<04) tmjby. Bfj hf tk` ahfbi, rhok`r ly $144, Jìi‘s tmm strbhekt-ebg` emmj amr Nboc ($:04).

Nmmfe Ehi Tbrc‘s piby bt Gbrhf bfj fmw b omupi` ma jbys ibt`r bt tk` Imhs Zutti`Zmurfbg`ft hf Kmiiywmmj wbs khs ahrst ’hf shx y`brs.‗ Hf khs s`gh‘s, k` l`bts J`fhs M‘Omffìi wkm,

bs Ar`j Erml`` hf khs Zmphos omv`rbe` (_`pt.-Mot., 2852, <?) tìis us, ’kbs b fmtok out hftm tk` shj`ma khs lbt bs b pibo` tm put khs ahfe`r.‗ Hf tk` mtk`r s`gh‘s, Jbrryi Aibff, mat`f ’jrhvhfe lmtk lbockbfj bfj amr kbfj skmts tm htk`r omrf`r whtk tkbt ilmw-tm-tk -shj`, bii-amr`brg swhfe,‗ pr`vbhis mv r Ci hf hf 0. Hf tk` 2st ebg` ma tk` ahfbi, Tbrc ’stbrt`j kbvhfe trmuli` whtk lmtk khs brgbfj iè gusoi`s, str`tokhfe bfj skbchfe tk`g tm rìh`v` tk` orbgps wkhok w`r` lèhffhfe.‗ Ly tk`0tk ebg`, Tbrc e`ts b orbgp lbj `fmuek tm kbv` khs iè gbssbe`j. Zk`f bt 8-bii omg`s bfmtk`r orbgp‚bt wkhok pmhft ’Tbrc sbys, ‛Zkbfc ymu‘ tm Aibff bfj amra`hts tk` gbtok.‗

_mg` mtk`r r`suits> Umg`f‘s> Bfeh` \msbi mv`r K`btk`r Bfeìhf`ttb. G`f‘s Jmuli`s>Euhii`f/Ermssgbf mv`r \ml`rts/Bjìgbf hf 0. Ghx`j> Bjìgbf/Bfeìhf`ttb mv`r Ermssgbf/\msbi. Oibss B> Euhii`f mv`r E`mre` Gbcc. Oibss L bfj O whff`r> O. Okbfe. _bt.Omfsmibthmf> Jh`t`r Kul`r mv`r Nhg Ibhfe3 _uf. Omfsmibthmf> Lbrj Lr`ff`r mv`r Lhii Ebrr`tt.

Lmys 25> Euhii`f mv`r Lmys 20 whff`r @rho Zkmg.Ghiib Lmozbr‘s Kmiiywmmj Oiul wmuij kmst bfmtk`r

tmurfbg`ft bt tk` lèhffhfe ma Bueust. Zkhs thg` Ci`hf wmuijwhf ht‚mv`r Tbrc wkm‘j rèbhf`j `fmuek ma khs amrg tm jmwfOmwbf hf 0. (Ibt`r tkbt Bueust Tbrc wmuij kbv` b lr`bctkrmuekwhf bt tk` Obihamrfhb _tbt` Mp`f.) Nujy Lmok`fsch, wkm wbs mf bshx w``cs xkhlhthmf tmur ma Obihamrfhb, tmmc tk` Umg`f‘s armgK`btk`r. G`f‘s Jmuli`s w`ft tm Tbrc/Euhii`f mv`r Bjìgbf/

\ml`rts3 B Jmuli`s tm Euhii`f/\ml Ibfe` mv`r Ebrr`tt/KbrmijCmpp`r. Oibss B> Lbfbok mv`r Fhoc Ghftshv`rhs, 28 hf tk` :tk.Oibss L> Jmue Kmlsmf mv`r khs whffhfe J Jmuli`s pbrtf`r Nhg

Lys. Tbui \bpkì, wkm‘j wmf tk` 25‘s bfj 20‘s bt _bftb Lbrlbrb, l`bt @rho Zkmg, bat r @rho kbj must j Euhii f. Lmys 20 wbs bstuff`r> Nbr`t Kbii mv`r Jbi` A`fj`rsmf, -28, <1, -<4, 28, <:!

Lmys 2? whff`r> C`htk Kbii mv`r autur P._. Umrij Z`bg g`gl`r J`bf Ebibrjh, wkm‘j bism l` Pfj`r 2? ruff`r-up bt tk` Obli` Obr Oibssho wk`r` bfmtk`r ymufe

piby`r ma prmghs , Obivhf Okmw, tmmc lmtk tk` L‘s bfj O‘s.Zk` _mutkw`st Mp`f sbw s`v`rbi r`p`bt whff`rs.

@feihskgbf Jmf L`rry wmf tk` G`f‘s armg Lml M‘F`hii bfj tk`G`f‘s Jmuli`s whtk Lìi (mv`r Jmf U``gs/M‘F`hii)‚lut hf tk`

Ghx`j, Lìi t`bg`j whtk Gbrhbff` _zbiby tm stmp L`rry/_tboh`GoFuity. Erbjy Emrjmf wmf tk` _`fhmr‘s bfj r`pmrt`jiy tk`

@squhr`‘s‚lut imst tk` _`fhmr Jmuli`s whtk Lbtsmf tm \hok Tuis/\.O. Ubtchfs. Nmkf Ruhoc wmf tk` P-25‘s bfj 20‘s.

Mcibkmgb #2 (J`ffhs Orbwamrj, _t`v` Kbggmfj, \mf_khri`y, bfj Ei`f Gbrcwìi) tmmc tk _mutkw`st Z`bg‘s mv`r

Tkm`fhx (Bi @v`r`tt, Nmkf Kbrrhfetmf, Lhii Eu`rhf, bfj Lyrj). B‘sw`ft tm J`ffhs Orbwamrj mv`r @v`r`tt. L‘s tm Lmlly Tibht mv`r Jbvhj T`tty. O‘s tm \bipk L`fj`r mv`r Eu`rhf. J‘s tm Gbrcwìimv`r Lbtsmf.

Jbffy LbfbokTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf

Erbjy EmrjmfTkmtm ly ZZ Pfihght`j

(Omurt`sy ma _u` _bre`ft)



250

’Ukbt br` ymu jmhfe=‗ sbhj tk` vmho`. X`p, nust ihc` tkbt, mut ma tk` liu`. Ht wbs Okbrih`

Jhsf`y obiihfe g` armg Ghff`bpmihs‚mf b ibt` Nuiy Arhjby bat`rfmmf‚bfj k` wbs bschfe,

’Ubft tm omg` up tkhs w``c`fj, bs mur eu`st, amr tk` Bqubt`ffhbi Mp`f bfj b Trmgmt`r‘sG``thfe=‗

_`v`rbi hgprbothobi kmurs ibt`r, gy wha` bfj H bfj mur lmys w`r` g`t bt tk`Ghff`bpmihs bhrpmrt ly Okbrih` bfj khs spmrts-imvhfe wha` Omffh`, bfj smmf, bs pbrthohpbfts hftk` ’twm kufjr`j jhaa`r`ft spmrthfe bfj ouiturbi v`fts k`ij jurhfe tk` y`briy Bqubt`ffhbi

A`sthvbi,‗ w` w`r` maa tm ’tk` gmst hft`r`sthfe s`othmf ma tmwf‗‚pbst tk` cbrbt` oiul bfj ’btkrhvhfe ihtti pmmi kbii,‗ tk` bjuit lmmc skmp, bfj tk` wbt`r l`j stmr`, tm tk` r`j-pbhft`jabåbj` ma Gbemm‘s, b fhektoiul turf`j tbli` t`ffhs oblbr`t.

Kbi Iuphf`c (I) bfj Jmf Ibrsmf surv`yhfe tk` so`f` bt tk` Ghff`bpmihs Gbemm‘s Oiul



251

Mf tk` jmmr mutshj` w`r` tboc`j up photur`s ma smg` ma tk` piby`rs‚Jhsf`y bfjEmijst`hf w`r` tk`r` ma omurs`‚bfj b ompy ma tk` Ghff`smtb _tbt` \bfchfes. Hfshj` tk` btahrst jhg Oiul tk`r` wbs b okòc rmmg mr twm bfj, str`tok`j v`ry f`briy bormss mf`‘s pbtk, bibre` shef-hf tbli`, stbaa`j ly Gbemm`rs, whtk b stboc ma smg` ma tk` <,444 Okhfb ZmphosOkbrih` kbj kmp`j tm jhstrhlut`. Zm tk` rhekt wbs b ?4-ammt lbr whtk (wkbt H biwbys ihc` tm s``

bt tk` lmttmg) b suppmrt rbhi.Omaa`` ymu omuij mrj`r bt tkhs lbr, mr smjb pmp (’smjb‗ hf F`w Xmrc, ’pmp‗ hf tk`Ghjw`st), mr l``r‚mr ymu omuij luy wkbt`v`r ymu amufj `jhli`, armg okmomibt`-omv`r`joupobc`s tm kmt, gbokhf`-gbj` sbfjwhok`s. Hftm tk` wbii l`khfj wbs tk` Trm _kmp‚whtk htsoully kmi`s ma lbts. Xmufe Gbemm`rs Jmf Ibrsmf bfj \hok _hfychf wmrc`j bs gbfbe`rs k`r`.

Zm tk` iàt wbs bf `ftrbfo`wby, i`bjhfe maa tm wk`r` hf mf` rmmg w` w`r` tm s`` b ahigma tk` ‘52 Umrij‘s bfj kbv` b Trmgmt`r‘s Omfa`r`fo`. Zkhs Omfa`r`fo`, wkhok H wbft tm sp`bc

blmut làmr` omfthfuhfe mur Gbemm tmur, wbs btt`fj`j ly \mf _khri`y, _omtty Erbatmf, BrtU`rh`r (OZZB Qho`-Tr`shj`ft armg Uhffhpè wkm lrmuekt shx piby`rs whtk khg), JmueGbjby, Bibf Emijst`hf, N`rry Zbyimr, Okbrih` Jhsf`y, bfj bism Nboc Kmwbrj bfj Zhg Lmeebf,spòhbi eu`sts aimwf hf bt Gbemm `xp`fs` ’bs b tmc`f ma erbthtuj` amr bii tk`y‘v` jmf` tm

prmgmt` bfj uperbj` tk` ebg` mf b fbthmfbi i`vì.‗Zm str`fetk`f tk` _pmrt, bs Okbrih` pmhfts mut hf ’Trmgmt`rs‚I`t‘s E`t Gmvhfe‗

(ZZZ , Nuiy-Bue., 2852, <4), ’b okbfe` ma btthtuj` hs f``j`j bgmfe bii piby`rs bfj prmgmt`rs‚b okbfe` armg tk` fèbthv` btthtuj` wkhok sbys fmtkhfe obf l` jmf` tm b pmshthv`btthtuj` wkhok sbys bfytkhfe skmuij l` ehv`f b try.‗ Bt Gbemm‘s, Okbrih` `xpibhfs, w` us` tk`kìpaui ’lujjy ombokhfe syst`g‗ hf wkhok bok ma tk` ’tmp piby`rs tbc`s ahv` lèhff`rs ufj`r khs whfe, t`bok`s tk`g tk` ebg` bfj hfstruots tk`g hf ombokhfe prmo`jur`s (ht hs gbj` oi`br tmtk`s` lèhff`rs tkbt tk`y br` tm lòmg` wmrc`rs bs wìi bs ombok`s). @bok ma tk`s` ahv` tbc`s

bfmtk`r ahv` ufj`r khs whfe bfj sm ht omfthfu`s.‗Gbemm‘s f``js hf ghfhbtur` `gpkbshz` wkbt tk` P_ZZB‘s f``js br`> I`bj`rskhp‚

spòhaho embis kbv` tm l` jàhf`j bfj bokh`v`j3 Jìèbthmf ma Butkmrhty‚p`rsmfs f``j`j tm

jm tk` fò`ssbry nmls kbv` tm l` okms`f whtk obr`3 bfj Omggufhobthmf‚g`gl`rs f``j tmcfmw wkbt‘s kbpp`fhfe bt khek-i`vì g``thfes. Okbrih`, hj`bihstho, biwbys upl`bt, lìh`v`s tkbtha prmgmt`rs br` amufj tm str`fetk`f imobi oiuls fbthmfwhj`, tk` _pmrt obf‘t kìp lut ermw.

Omfthfuhfe mur tmur ma Gbemm‘s, w` pbss tk` r`strmmgs bfj omg` tm mf` ma tk` Oiul‘sibre` Hfamrgbthmf Lmbrjs. Zkugl-tboc`j up tk`r` whtk mtk`r hft`r`sthfe ht`gs hs b 2811 pkmtm ma Luch`t bfj bf brthoi armg tk F.X. Zhg`s `xpibhfhfe tm prmspòthv` Gbemm kblhtuès kmw L`rfh`gbj` khs ihvhfe armg tk` Ebg`.

Zk`r` wbs b ibre`, r`j-obrp`t`j br`b i`bjhfe tm tk` jbfoàimmr‚mr rbtk`r tk` pibyhfe br`b‚wk`r` 24 tbli`s, v`ftubiiy

omghfe jmwf tm tk` rbhs`j lhe lbfjstbfj (b gbrvìmus pibo` amr vhshthfe jhefhtbrh`s tm wbtok tk` bothmf), w`r` omgamrtbliy s`t up

ufj`r :4 mr sm aiumr`so`ft ihekt ahxtur`s.Maa tm htk`r shj` ma tkhs spbohmus pibyhfe br`b w`r` fhekt-iha`-

ihc` lmmtks tkbt biimw`j ymu tm `bt, jrhfc, sgmc`, p`f hf ymur ihtti`chjs wkhi ymu `fnmy`j tk aimmrskmw. Zm tk r`br, hf smg sòiushmf,

wbs tk` mp`rbthfe j`sc, tk` omftrmi o`ft`r amr tk` gbtok`s.Bs Jmue Gbjby r`pmrts, whtk tk` kìp ma Gmri`y Arbftzhc,

Zmfy _cnmij, Eus C`ff`jy, N`rry Zbyimr, I`m L`rfbt, bfj KbrryChts igbf, tkhs y`br‘s Bqubt`ffhbi Mp`f w`ft v`ry wìi. Bii tk`

Kbrry Chtsìgbf



255

Nufhmr `v`fts w`r` rmufj-rmlhfs. 25‘s> _t`v` Kbggmfj mv`r \hok _hfychf. 20‘s> Kbggmfjmv`r Obfbjb‘s T`t` _kbfbkbf. 2?‘s> _omtt Lmeebf mv`r L. Ai`sok. Mtk`r r`suits> L bfj Owhff`r> Pfhv`rshty ma Ghff`smtb stuj`ft Jmf Ibrsmf mv`r Obfbjb‘s Lml Lbrc`r. Jmf kbsf‘t l``f pibyhfe quht` b y`br, lut k`‘s skmw`j wkbt ’j`t`rghfbthmf, prbothohfe, bfj ombokhfe obfjm.‗ L`st hf B‘s> Kbggmfj mv`r Tbui Umfe, p`r`ffhbi B ahfbihst armg _up`rhmr, Uhsomfshf

(wkm gby l` tkhfchfe ma gmvhfe `bst tm Okbgphmf, Ghokhebf).Zk` G`f‘s wbs b rmufj rmlhf ma tk` 1 tmp piby`rs. Gbfy ma tk` gbtok`s w`r` oims`>Emijst`hf mv`r Jhsf`y jùo` hf tk` ?rj bat`r Okbrih` kbj gbj` b erhtty rbiiy armg 25-<4 jmwf.Gbjby mv`r quhoc-khtthfe \by Gmshm hf ?. Gmshm mv`r jà`fj`r Emijst`hf hf ?. Lmeebf mv`r Gbjby, 28, <<. Gbjby mv`r Emijst`hf (wkm‘j wmf tk` <fj ly bttbochfe) hf ?. Lmeebf mv`r Emijst`hf hf ?. Kmwbrj, skbchiy, mv`r Jhsf`y hf ?. Okbrih`, up 28-25 hf tk` 2st, imst amur hf brmw. Zk`f lmufo`j lboc tm tbc` tk` <fj. Zk`f wbs up 24-? bt tk` turf hf tk` ?rj…mfiy tm kbv`

Nboc th` ht up bt 21-bii bfj em mf tm whf. Hf tk` ahfbi, Nboc stmpp`j Zhg hf strbhekt ebg`s.Erbfj \bphjs, whtk Zmg Go@vmy jmhfe tk` omv`rbe`, wbs kmst tm twm sugg`r

tmurfbg`fts. Ahrst, tk` Nuf` U`st`rf Ghokhebf Mp`f, kìj ’mf b swìt`rhfe kmt jby‗ bt tkÈbrahìj Tbrc Imje`.

G`f‘s> Ahfbi> Jìi _w``rhs mv`r Nhg Jbv`y, <4, 8, 25. Jìi jhjf‘t ims` b shfei` ebg` mfkhs wby tm tk` thti`. Lut Nhg kbj smg` hft`r`sthfe gbtok`s. Ht wbs biwbys bf `xp`rh`fo` tm piby

Tbui Ibgs`, amr Tbui ’us`s spmfe` mf mf` shj` bfj wmmj mf tk` mtk`r, bfj omfstbftiy bit`rstk` shj` k` khts tk` lbii whtk, sm ymu f`v`r cfmw wk`f ymu br` e`tthfe b j`bj skmt maa tk`wmmj, mr b sphf, mr b immp, mr wkbt`v`r mtk`r chfj ma nufc k` puts mf tk` lbii.‗ Nhg‘s f`xtgbtok wbs bebhfst Hgbfts Cbrcihs ’wkm rò`ftiy jà`bt`j Omffh` _w``rhs tkr`` strbhekt tm whftk` Erbfj \bphjs Ohty okbgphmfskhp (Jìi jhjf‘t piby).‗ Bat`r emhfe <-4 up, Nhg abit`rs,jm`sf‘t ahfj khs bttbochfe ebg` ufthi k` <2-8 `bshiy tbc`s tk` 0 tk. Hf tk` s`ghahfbi rmufj rmlhf,

Jbv`y‘s 2st-ebg` <<-<4 whf mv`r Nhg Ibzbrus ehv`s khg tk` gmg`ftug tm tbc` tk` gbtok ?-4.Zk`f bebhfst I`mfbrj GoF`ò` k`‘s <-2 jmwf làmr` ròmv`rhfe tm bjvbfo` sgmmtkiy hf 0. Hftk` Umg`f‘s, Omffh` _w``rhs whfs (jmf‘t tìi

bfymf`) $24 amr l`bthfe Ghiih` _kbkhbf ($0), ?-4. Htgby l` ’tk` ahrst thg` gmf`y kbs l``f ehv`f tm tk`wmg`f hf tkhs br`b,‗ lut ymu‘j tkhfc tk` ròhph`fts

wmuij sby, ’K`y, c``p ht.‗Zk` 0tk Bffubi Erbfj \bphjs _ugg`r

Mp`f, whtk $144 hf prhz`s, wbs kìj bt Jìi_w``rhs‘s f`w Ummjibfj Oiul. Uhff`r‘s ma tk`G`f‘s ; rmufj-rmlhf lrboc`ts> #2> Nhg Jbv`y(wk`f Nbgbhob‘s Mrvhii` ’I`s‗ Kbsibg abhi`j tm

skmw)3 #<> T`t`r Trbjht3 #?> Ibrry _u mv`r BibfEmijst`hf, <4, 25 (E`mre` Lrbtkwbht` jhjf‘t skmw)3

#:> Jìi _w``rhs3 #0> T`t` Fbsvyths mv`r Omffh`_w``rhs, 2;, <4 (Aubrfbjm \ml`rts jhjf‘t skmw)3#1> N`rry Cbrluicb mv`r Jmf Lrbzzìi, 2;, 253 #5>Lml Jbwhjmwhoz, b rò`ft hggherbft, ’amrg`riy

rbfc`j hf tk` tmp t`f hf Tmibfj,‗ okmpp`j jmwfLhii I`sf`r, <2, 2;, tk`f nust gbfbe`j, whtk khs phgpi`j rull`r jà`fs` bfj phoc-khts tm mutibstbttboc`r Jmue Gbjby, -<<, 24, <<3 #;> Fhe`rhb‘s

Nhg Jbv`yTkmtm ly _t`v`

Cbzbc



25;

Ubhjh Jbwmju mv`r Tbui Ibgs`, 20, <4. Ruhoc shfei` ìhghfbthmf gbtok`s amiimw`j, bii wmf<-4> Trbjht j. Jbv`y, Cbrluicb j. _u, Jbwmju j. Jbwhjmwhz, _w``rhs j. Fbsvyths.

Hf tk` s`gh‘s ma tk` Uhff`r‘s Lrboc`t, Cbrluicb prmvhj`j tk` ’ahrst r`bi surprhs` ma tk`jby,‗ stmpphfe Trbjht, <?, 22, wkhi` _w``rhs `bshiy jhspms`j ma Jbwmju. Jìi tk`f, ’bii mv`r tk` tbli`,‗ j`strmy`j N`rry, ’sgbskhfe, immphfe, bfj omuft`r-jrhvhfe.‗ Hf tk` s`gh‘s ma tkÌms`r‘s Lrboc`t, Jbv`y wbs guok tmm strmfe amr _u3 Jbwhjmwhoz ihc`whs` amr Fbsvyths. Lmltk`f cfmoc`j maa lmtk Nhg bfj Ubhjh hf strbhekt ebg`s. Zkhs lrmuekt khg tm Trbjht bfj b 2 st-ebg` <2-2; whf tkbt ’stuff`j‗ tk` spòtbtmrs…lut tk`f T`t`r emt khs thghfe lboc, bfj Lmlwbs mut. Zk`f, 28, 24, Cbrluicb tmm. Zkbt put Trbjht hf tk` ahfbi bebhfst _w``rhs. Uhtk lmtk

pibyhfe erhgiy, beer`sshvìy, T`t`r <2, -25, 28 wbs lbrìy bli` tm tbc` tk` $<<0 ahrst prhz`.

Jìi bfj Omffh` _w``rhs‘s Ummjibfj Zbli` Z`ffhs O`ft`rTkmtms ly \.N. Tmì



258

Mtk`r whff`rs> Umg`f‘s> Omffh`_w``rhs mv`r E`rbijhf` Cbrluicb, 20, 2?, 1.Oibss B> Ahfbi> Jmue Gbjby, bat`r ups`tthfeLhii I`sf`r, 28 hf tk` ?rj bfj T`t` Fbsvythshf :, jà`bt`j Tbui Ibgs` mf tk` str`fetk ma

twm lhe <:-<< bfj <0-<? ebg`s. Oibss L>Zmg Go@vmy, whffhfe ’0 strbhekt gbtok`s,whtkmut tk` imss ma b ebg`,‗ kbj Lml Ruhffbs khs ahfbi vhothg. Fmvho`> \hok _hfychfmv`r Uhilur Kbee`rty. G`f‘s Omfsmibthmf>Ibgs` mv`r Gbjby, 22, 2;. Kbfjhobp>Go@vmy 04-:5 mv`r Ghc` Lbl`r wkm‘j

ìhghfbt`j Jbwhjmwhoz. _`fhmr‘s> Ruhffmv`r Lhii \bpp. Pfj`r 25‘s> Zhg Kmus` mv`r Lbl`r3 Pfj`r 20‘s> Lbl`r mv`r Kmus`.Pfj`r 25 Ehris> Cbshb Jbwhjmwhoz mv`r

Lbrl Zbsokf`r. Pfj`r 2?‘s> Jbwhjmwhoz,sbhj tm l` tk` ’Ghje`t Okbgphmf ma

Tmibfj,‗ mv`r Zmg Cìime. U`‘ii wbtok tk`Jbwhjmwhoz`s, `spòhbiiy Cbshb, lòmg`

P._. Okbgphmfs hf tk` y`brs tm omg`.Zk` Ahrst Bffubi Brcbfsbs Mp`f, Jhoc Omaagbf tìis us (ZZZ , _`pt.-Mot, 2852, <0),

jr`w 58 piby`rs armg s`v`f jhaa`r`ft stbt`s. Oibss whff`rs w`r`…B‘s> _t`v` @feì mv`r NmkfGoBjbgs, 2<, 2?, -2;, -28, 28, bat`r Nmkf, tryhfe tm obp khs omg`lboc, tkmuek b ihtti` mut ma

pmshthmf, w`ft amr b gbtok-pmhft jmwf chii skmt bfj ghss`j ly b arbothmf ma bf hfok. L‘s> @feìmv`r Bvh Libttst`hf, 2; hf tk` :tk.

Zkr`` ma tk` G`f‘s qubrt`r‘s gbtok`s w`r` wmf ?-4‚

sup`r-immp`r \hokbrj Nbg`smv`r @feì, ?-43

Jmf Ebhtk`r mv`r Nbg`s Eutkrh` wkm’pibys b limochfeebg` whtk lmbrj lbt (oihoc-oihoc-oihoc)‗3 bfj Jmf

L`rry mv`r Ibfo`\ms`gmr`. Lut

iàty OibyUkhtìbw kbj tm

wmrc> whffhfe mut mv`r _t`v` Kbggmfj hf 0, bat`r Oiby kbj rbiih`j armg <-4 jmwf bebhfst nust-turf`j-

:4 Q`rf @hs`fkmur. Zk` mf` s`gh‘s sbw Ukhtìbwjmwf Nbg`s hf strbhekt ebg`s wk`f \hokbrj’omuijf‘t kht khs immp mf tk` tbli`‗3 tk` mtk`r sbwL`rry pr`ssur` Ebhtk`r hftm ’ghsshfe khs ormss-

Cbshb JbwhjmwhozTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf

\hokbrj Nbg`s

Oiby UkhtìbwTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



2;4

omurt skmts.‗ Omaagbf wbs struoc ly Ebhtk`r‘s ufusubi ’v`ry abst immp, wkhok stbrts bt tk` aimmr bfjimmcs bs ha ht em`s tm tk` o`hihfe.‗ Zk` ahfbi w`ft tm L`rry, -<;, <2, 21, 2;, gbyl` lòbus`, tkmuektk` v`fu` wbs bhr-omfjhthmf`j, Oiby‘s emttb a`ì k` kbs b imt ma w`hekt tm obrry brmufj.

Ly tk` sòmfj jby ma tk` Bue. _pbo`pmrt Mp`f bt G`rrhttHsibfj, AI, tk` amiimwhfe shx t`bgs sthii kbj b okbfo` tm whf tk` Z`bg

Okbgphmfskhp> (2) T`t` Gby/ \bipk Chssì, (<) Lbrry \mst/LmlUbic`r/Ubyf` Jbuft3 (?) \hokbrj GoBa``/Nmkf Ruhoc3 (:) Nbg`sBit`flbok/Okuoc Ghokìi3 (0) Nm` _mcmimaa/I`ffy Lbss/Lml Cbtz3 bfj(1) tk` Aimrhjb _tbt` Pfhv`rshty spmfsmr`j t`bg ma Brgbfjm K`rr`rb,boomrjhfe tm omv`rhfe r`pmrt`r Gbx Ghii`r (ZZZ , _`pt.-Mot., 2852,<1), tk` ’Oulbf Fbthmfbi Okbgphmf armg 2808 tm 281:/Nmì _uschfj/Iutkrb Fbr`fj`rpbi, sbhj tm kbv` l``f ’b g`gl`r ma tk` 2818 Jìkh

Pfhv`rshty St`bgW wkhok wmf tk` Hfjhb t`bg okbgphmfskhp.‗Hf tk` ahfbi, bat`r GoBa``/Ruhoc i`j _mcmimaa/Lbss < gbtok`s

tm 2, I`ffy w`ft ’ufomfsohmus‗ bs k` ’r`p`bt`jiy omuft`r-sibgg`jGoBa``‘s suppms`jiy sur`-whff`r jrhv`s‗ bfj th`j up tk` th`. Zk`f Nm`

prmv`j k`‘s ’sthii tk` l`st brmufj tk`s` pbrts‗ ly l`bthfe Nmkf <2-1 hftk` jòhjhfe ?rj. (_òmfj-pibo` ahfhsk`rs armg tk` ahrst jby ma piby kbj b

Omfsmibthmf v`ft wmf ly Erè Ehfemij/_t`v` A`j`rhom.)Mtk`r whff`rs> Umg`f‘s> J`llh`

_oruees mv`r P._. Ehris Pfj`r 2? OkbgpL`v`riyf K`ss hf tk` s`gh‘s bfj Ebyi`\me`rs hf tk` ahfbi. Pfj`r 25‘s> Nàa Zkmgbsmv`r Omrfìhus Kbrrhsmf. Pfj`r 20‘s> L`v

K`ss mv`r Nmkf @iihmtt. Pfj`r 2?‘s> @jKbrt‚mf` ma tk` 8 Nufhmrs spmfsmr`j ly tk` Ohty ma Btibftb, gmst pibyhfe hf tk hr ahrst sbfothmf`j tmurfbg`ft‚mv r C`vhf \`yfmijs.

’K‗ Libhr r`pmrts (ZZZ , _`pt.-Mot., 2852, <1) tkbt bt tk`Mribfjm _ugg`r Mp`f, spòtbtmrs w`r` jhsbppmhft`j tkbt \byG`reihbfm ’jhjf‘t `ft`r,‗ shfo` nust ’tkr`` w``cs `brih`r hf tk`

Ghbgh Mp`f \by jà`bt`j _mcmimaa hf tk` s`gh-ahfbis bfj GoBa``hf tk` ahfbis.‗ Bism, k`r`, Lhe Gbo sujj`fiy lòbg` hii bat`r khs 2st-rmufj gbtok bfj kbj tm whtkjrbw. Hftk` bls`fo` ma tk`s` twm, mat`f bii `y`sw`r` mf ymufe Nmkf Ruhoc. Hf mf` ma tk` twm gmst wbtokbli` G`f‘s

qubrt`r‘s gbtok`s, Nmkf jà`bt`j I`ffyLbss <:-<< hf tk` :tk, tkhs wkhi` Gbrv

Iàa wbs ‟28, -25, 2;, 28, 2; lbttihfe lboc tm must Okuoc Ghokìi.

Zk`s` bjvbfo`s, sbhj ’K,‗ i`j tmtk` ’gmst xohthfe gbtok ma tk`

tmurfbg`ft‗‚Ruhoc‘s ‟2<, 20, 2;, <1 s`gh‘s whf mv`r kbrj-rull`r okmpp`r Iàa. Nmkf, Libhr ftkus`j, ’kbs tk` blhihty tm jm tkùf`xpòt`j‚mr tm jm tk` `xpòt`j bt tk` uf`xpòt`j thg`. K` whiismg`thg`s ebgli` bt b v`ry oruohbi stbe` ma b gbtok,‗ bfj ’usubiiy ht

I`ffy Lbss

J`llh` _oruees

Nmkf

Ruhoc



2;2

pbys maa,‗ amr k` bism kbs tk` blhihty tm muttkhfc khs mppmf`ft. ’K‗ jm sf‘t pmhft tm bfy sp ohaho`xbgpi` ma tkhs hf j`sorhlhfe Nmkf‘s s`gh‘s gbtok. Nust sbys Gbrv ’wbs omft`ft tm i`t Nmkf jm tk`khtthfe‗‚wkhok k` jhj, ’bs kbrj bs k` omuij.‗ Bfj shfo` Gbrv c`pt e`tthfe tk` lbii lboc, tk` ormwjimv`j ht. ’Tiby mf mtk`r tbli`s stmpp`j t`gpmrbrhiy, lòbus` tk` piby`rs wbft`j tm s`` ht, tmm.‘

_mcmimaa kbs b ’jàt tmuok‗ amr b lhe gbf, bfj ’kbs bii tk` skmts‚k` obf immp, jrhv`,

omuft`rjrhv`, bfj k` obf jà`fj. K` bism hs guok trbvì`j bfj kbs imts ma xp`rh`fo`.‗ Hf tk` G`f‘sahfbi k` l`bt Nmkf ?-4‚lut twm ma tk` ebg`s w`r` jùo`. Umg`f‘s w`ft tm Mieb _mit`sz mv`r J`llh` _oruees bfj Ebyi` \me`rs. G`f‘s Jmuli`s w`ft tm _mcmimaa/Lbss mv`r Iàa/Ghc`Bu`rlbok. Ghx`j tm _t`v` \hem/_mit`sz mv`r _mcmimaa/\me`rs. Mieb‘s sbhj tm kbv` b spmfsmr amr biima tkhs s`bsmf‘s tmurfbg`fts, pius b gmftk‘s ombokhfe hf Aimrhjb ly tk` l`st bvbhibli` ombok. @v`r s`` k`r ’lushf`ss‗ obrj=

’K‗ oims`s khs wrht`-up ly

wbxhfe ostbtho mv`r tk` MribfjmOiul‘s f`w jhes. B oì`lrbtmry pbrty(l``r, sbfjwhok`s) mp`f`j tk` f`woiulrmmg tkbt a`btur`s b rmmgy 1-

tbli` s`t-up. B ibre` obc` kbj tk`hfsorhpthmf, ’Uìomg` Zm Zk` Mribfjm

Zbli` Z`ffhs Oiul,‗ bfj bfmtk`r, whtk20 lhrtkjby obfji`s, iht up ymufe NmkfRuhoc. Zkhs hs b Oiul tkbt cfmws kmwtm tbc` obr` ma hts mwf.

_@I@OZ@J FMZ@_.

*Boomrjhfe tm tk` Bue. ?2, 2852 F.X. Zhg`s, tkhs Zbhwbf Z`bg Zmur ’wbs mrebfhz`j ly tk` Okhfb okbpt`r ma tk` Umrij Omufohi ma Okurok`s. Zwm Lbpthst ghfhst`rs…boomgpbfytk` Z`bg, bfj tk` Z`bg g`gl`rs tk`gsìv`s obrry ’lhli`s hf tk`hr kbfjs wk`f tk`y `ft`r bf

bujhtmrhug.‗ Gbtok`s ’br` s`t up hf okurok kbiis hf sokmmis…bormss tk` omuftry.‗ Trmgmthfe’Okrhsthbfhty hfst`bj ma Omggufhsg,‗ tkhs Zbhwbf Z`bg wmf hts <?rj strbhekt gbtok‚bt _mutkMrbfe`, F.N., mv`r ’b phocup t`bg ma _`tmf Kbii stuj`fts.‗

Bfmtk`r GoHfthr` Zmur stmp wbs tk` Ukht` Kmus`. K`r`‘s tk` _`pt. 8, 2852 F.X.Zhg`s (r`prhft`j hf ZZZ , _`pt.-Mot., 2852, 25)>

’Jr. Obri GoHfthr`, tk` aufjbg`ftbihst rbjhm pr`bok`r, wmf p`rghsshmf tm stbe`b Thfe-Tmfe gbtok tmjby hf armft ma tk` Ukht` Kmus` tm prmt`st ‛Thfe-Tmfejhpimgboy‘ bfj Tr`shj`ft Fhxmf‘s amrtkomghfe vhsht tm Omggufhst Okhfb. Lut tk`r`

w`r` strhfes bttbok`j tm tk` Tbrc _`rvho`‘s ber``g`ft.Zk` Thfe-Tmfe tbli` whii kbv` tm l` ièi`ss, shfo` mf` whtk stbthmfbry iès

ghekt gbc` ht pmsshli` amr smg`mf` tm nugp mf ht bfj mv`r tk` a`fo` tm tk` Ukht`Kmus`. Bfj tk` tbli` whii kbv` tm l` obrrh`j simwiy tk` i`fetk ma tk` shj`wbic, whtk piby`rs wkbochfe bwby bt tk` lbiis bs l`st tk`y obf mf tk` gmv`.

Ht wbs ufo`rtbhf wk`tk`r tk` Fbthmfbihst Okhf`s` Thfe-Tmfe t`bg, wkhok hs

tmurhfe tk` omuftry ufj`r Jr. GoHfthr`‘s spmfsmrskhp, whii piby hf tk` j`gmfstrbthmftmjby.‗

Zkbt‘s wkbt w` bii wbft tm s``, hsf‘t ht= Zbli` Z`ffhs mf tk` gmv`.



2;<

Okbpt`r Amurt``f

2852> _ugg`r Zmurfbg`fts‚Tbrt HH

(Lrbtkwbht` L`bts Kbsibg Zm Uhf O`ftrbi

Bg`rhobf Mp`f3 Kbsibg Uhfs P._. @gphr`

_tbt` Mp`f).

Zkmuek \hokbrj Abrrìi kbs omg` tm tk`Nuiy 25-2; $144 Er`bt Ibc`s Mp`f hf\mok`st`r bat`r whffhfe wkbt H‘j obii`j tk`Tkhibjìpkhb _ugg`r Mp`f (botubiiy, bs GbiBfj`rsmf omrròtiy pmhft`j mut, ht wbs tk`

Rubc`r Ohty Mp`f), k`‘s ufs``j`j bfjufpibo`j. Omfs`qu`ftiy, bat`r k`‘s kbj 0-ebg`trmuli` hf khs mp`f`r whtk Obfbjhbf Nufhmr TbuiCi`vhfbs, k`‘s amro`j tm g``t hf tk` <fj rmufj

fmf` mtk`r tkbf @rrmi \`s`c, mf` ma tkàbvmrht`s tm whf tk` tmurfbg`ft. (J-N I`` kbj

`ft`r`j lut jhjf‘t skmw, p`rkbps lòbus`…khsobr kbj l``f stmi`f=). @rrmi kbs put f`w rull`r mf khs rboc`t bfj hs kmphfe tm lr`bc ht hferbjubiiy. (Bs ha wha` Nbhrh` jhsbpprmv`s, sk` sbys tm smg`mf`, ’K` kbs mtk`r rboc`ts k` omuijus`.‗ Zm wkhok @rrmi r`pih`s, ’Zkbt‘s fmt tru`.‗) K` lèhfs lr`bchfe hf tk` rboc`t ly emhfe up<-4, bat`r whffhfe tk` <fj bt 28, lut wk`f k` ims`s tk` ?rj bt 28 tkbt ehv`s Abrrìi omfahj`fo`.

Fmw \hokbrj whtk st`bjy, up-tm-tk`-tbli lbockbfj omuft`rs stbrts amrohfe @rrmi lboc.T`rkbps @rrmi tkhfcs tkbt ha k` okmps‚ihc` Aubrfbjm \ml`rts=‚Abrrìi wmf‘t l` bli` tmkbfji` tk` sphf. Lut @rrmi, wkm jm`s fmt okmp ihc` \mllh`, hs amr tk` r`gbhfj`r ma tk` gbtok bt

tk` g`roy ma \hok‘s whfj-up amr`kbfjs.Bs tk` whj`-mp`f qubrt`r‘s e`ts ufj`r wby, H‘v` kbj gy `y`s mp`f b lht‚bk, wkbt ymu

jmf‘t cfmw blmut p`mpi` ymu‘v` bssmohbt`j whtk amr y`brs. Bi`x _khrmcy, H i`brf, wbs lmrf hf

Gbhfibfj Okhfb, kbs b \usshbf fbg`, bfj hs fmt fmw (bfj gbyl` f`v`r wbs) b ohthz`f ma bfyomuftry. Lut, bs hf pr`vhmus gbtok`s k`‘j bshiy l`bt`f Jhxmf bfj Lmeebf, k` sur` kbs bfhj`fthty mf omurt bfj immcs hfjàbthebliy strmfe. @brih`r, wkhi` rìbxhfe bt tk` swhgghfe pmmima tk` \mok`st`r \hje` \mbj Kmihjby Hff (’Umw!‗ sbys gy ihtti` @rho. Jhj ymu s`` tkbt! K`swbg ufj`r tk` wkmi` i`fetk!‗), Bi`x sbhj k`‘j l``f prbothohfe fhektiy bt \`hsgbf‘s oiul, kbj l``f ruffhfe jbhiy (’H ruf lbocwbrjs tmm,‗ k` sbys sghihfe‚’ht‘s suppms j tm kìp gy

ommrjhfbthmf‗), bfj sm hs rhekt fmw bt tk` tmp ma khs ebg`. Lut Abrrìi, jrhathfe `bshiy b ehbftst`p mr twm lboc, erbls Bi`x‘s kmp-ihc`-b-rbllht immps bfj tmss`s tk`g lboc, bfj tk`

gustbokhm`j _khrmcy, mutst`bjh`j, em`s jmwf, 2; hf tk` :tk

. F`xt up amr Abrr ii> L`rfh Luch`t (’Kmw guok H e`t H whf=‗). Hf tk` qubrt`r‘s, L`rfh`

kbj l``f l`khfj 28-20 hf tk` 0tk tm Obfbjb‘s Ibrry I``, lut armg khs be`-mij gbehobi j`ptkskbj shx thg`s wmrc`j khs lbe ma trhocs, tk`f, sghihfe, tmmc khs ourtbhf obiis tm tk` rmbrs ma tk`

ormwj. Bebhfst \hok, tk` jbrc-lrmw`j Luch`t bebhf immcs ihc` k` ghekt puii amrtk smg`tkhfearmg khs hfvhshli` obp`. Uhtk ebg`s 2-2 bfj tk` somr` 28-bii hf tk` ? rj, Abrrìi s`rv`s strbhekttmpsphf bfj L`rfh` (wkm‘j omg` lboc armg l`hfe 2;-2: jmwf) puts khs r`turf hftm tk` f`t‚ bfj aihfes khs rboc`t tk`r` tmm! Lut tk`f k` jùo`s ht up bfj puiis mut tk` ebg` bat`r bii.

2852 Er`bt Ibc`s Mp`f Okbgphmf \hokbrj AbrrìiTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



2;?

Bt tk` lr`bc, L`rfh` sbys, ’Abrrìi pibys pur` tbli` t`ffhs. Fm trhocs.‗ K` sbys k` obf‘twhf lòbus` \hok kbs fm w`bcf`ss`s‚obf kht armg `htk`r shj`. Hf tk` : tk, mfo` \hok s`ts up bamr`kbfj, fm gbtt`r ha L`rfh` e`ts ht lboc, tk`r` omg`s bfmtk`r bfj bfmtk`r, ufthi L`rfh` hs wby lboc, bfj Abrr ii, fmw whtk lmtk a``t maa tk` aimmr, hs swbtthfe ht pbst bii jà`fs`. _thii, L`rfh`r`gbhfs stullmrf. Zkmuek k` s``s khs pmw`r abhihfe, k` obf y`t s`hz` mf` bjvbftbe`. Abrrìi, up

2;-21, s`rv`s bfj obiis b i`t. L`rfh` jm`s fmt lr`bc omfo`ftrbthmf. K` gbc`s b emmj r`turf tmAbrrìi‘s mutstr`tok`j kbfj bfj oibhgs tk` pmhft. Hf b gmg`ft ht‘s 28-bii. Lut Abrrìi, wkm‘s l``f ok``r`j mf ly khs abtk`r (abtk`r-aheur`=) jm`sf‘t abit`r. Bfj bs \hok pmshthmfs khgsìa tm lbfe hf suoo`sshv` amr`kbfj whff`rs, L`rfh`, ihc` b jmmg`j gbf, ihc` G`rihf bfj khs wbfjhgprhsmf`j hf b tr``, obf mfiy stbfj bfj wbht tk` `fj.

Omghfe mut tm piby khs qubrt`r‘s bebhfst \ml`rts hs E`mre` Lrbtkwbht`. Xmu omuij s`àrmg tk` prma`sshmfbi wby E`mre` brrhv`j amr khs

gbtok`s, tk` gbff`r hf wkhok k` obrrh`j khgsìa,tk` r`p`bt`j jìhl`rbt`f`ss ma khs s`rvho` pmshthmf, tk` rhtubi nmeehfe l`tw``f pmhfts, khskhek s`rhmusf`ss. Zk` Okhà, mf` s`fs`s, wmuij

l` r`bjy tm ehv` bf `xkhlhthmf bfywk`r hf tk`wmrij‚bt tk` \mg` Khitmf, sby, wk`r`, H‘j r`bj

rò`ftiy, tk` Htbihbfs kbj hfstbii`j tbli` t`ffhstbli`s lòbus` ht wbs tk`hr hj`b tkbt bii Bg`rhobfsfmw w`r` nust orbzy blmut phfe-pmfe.

Ma omurs` E`mre`, rmiihfe, bfj \mllh`,r`turfhfe maa khs bfth-tmpsphf, emt hftm bf`xp`jht` gbtok. Uk`rùpmf fm mf` s``g`j tm

cfmw amr sur` wk`tk`r ymu w`r` tm omuft tk`thg` mf` us`j tm whp` khs eibss`s, mr tmwì tk`sw`bt maa khs lrmw, mr simwiy wbic tm r`trh`v` b

lbii, mr th` khs skm`s, mr sby b shi`ft prby`r, mr Emj cfmws wkbt. Fm mf` kbj b stmpwbtok bfjsm, mv`r \ml`rts‘ prmt`sts (tkmuek ht wbs k` wkm

wbft`j tk` `xp`jht` rui` hf, wbsf‘t ht=), tk` thg`wmuij l` nuje`j, tk` rui` lrmuekt hf, vhb 20ghfut`s mf tk` wbii oimoc‚bfj @rrmi \`s`c,kbvhfe fmtkhfe ìs` tm jm, wbs lrmuekt hf bs thg`c``p`r. Uhtk tk` r`suit tkbt Zk` Okhà wmuijbjvbfo` hf : tm tk` s`gh‘s‚tk`r` tm ?-zhp jm bwby whtk Ghtok _`bithì wkm‘j `brih`r lbrìysurvhv`j T`t`r _t`pk`fs, 28 hf tk` 0tk.

M.C.> tk` ahfbis. ’K`‘s b jbfo`r,‗ sbys b euy f`xt tm g`. ’X`bk, immc bt khg jbfo`,‗sbys bfmtk`r‚tk` twm ma tk`g smufjhfe ihc` okbrbot`rs mut ma tkbt abgmus K`ghfewby stmry

’Zk` Chii`rs.‗ Zk`y w`r` sp`bchfe ma E`mre` ma omurs`, amr wk`tk`r k` wbs okbshfe b lbii, mr s`fjhfe Abrrìi maa bat`r mf`, k`‘s omfthfubiiy nmeehfe. Kmw`v`r, Zk` Okhà‘s piby wbs fmt uptm stbfjbrj‚fmt ufthi k` wbs jmwf <-4 bfj 24-: hf tk` ?rj. Zk`f k` lèbf b omg`lboc tkbt lrmuekt khg hftm tk` 0tk. Zkmuek Abrrìi, ràushfe `v`r tm jrmp tk` lbii, wmuij jrhv` E`mre`

<4-<0 a``t lboc, E`mre` wmuij sm beer`sshvìy omuft`r tkbt k`‘j l` bli` tm jbfo` hf tm tkòkmr`merbpky ma b amiimw tkrmuek bfj amro` \hok lboc bfj bwby bfj mut ma tk` pmhft. Luttk`f hf tk` 0tk, Lrbtkwbht`, jmwf 24-2 bt tk` turf, wbs surìy b emf`r. Bfj tkmuek k` gbj` tkìmfe prma`sshmfbi oihgl tm 20-2;, ht wbs tmm ibt`. Abrrìi kbs nust tmm guok r`bok mf khg.

’Zk` Okhà‗ bt tk` r`bjy



2;:

Hf tk` Umg`f‘s ahfbi, `x-Lbrlbjhbf TbtKhij`lrbfj, wkm‘j nust wmf tk` Tkhibjìpkhb Rubc`r Ohty Mp`f mv`r `x-Qh`tfbg`s` [ubf A`reusmf, jà`bt`jk`r bebhf‚hf 0 bat`r prmt`sthfe tkbt [ubf ’wbs putthfek`r s`rvho` kbfj whtk tk` lbii ufj`r tk` tbli` bfj tk`f

lrhfehfe ht mut bfj tkrmwhfe tk` lbii lboc sm abst tkbt Tbtomuijf‘t s`` ht tm k`r sbthsabothmf.‗ Zk` smg`wkbtomfaus`j ugphr`, tryhfe tm em ly tk` ufbvbhibli` lmmc,wbs bs pmihtho bs pmsshli`. Zk`f, whtk tk` ebg`s <-bii, Tbt`xpibhf`j sw``tiy tkbt sk` kbj tm em tm tk` ibjh`s rmmg.’Ukbt jm ymu jm fmw=‗ bsc`j tk` l`whij`r`j ugphr`,wìi bwbr` tkbt tòkfhobiiy tk`r` hs b r`st p`rhmj bat`r tk`

?rj lut fmt tk` 0tk ebg`. Gy bjvho` wbs tm i`t k`r em‚ ìs` l` abo`j whtk kbvhfe `xbot`j tk` s`v`r`st p`fbity.

Mtk`r whff`rs> G`f‘s Jmuli`s (bat`r Abrrìi/_`bithì kbj l``f iàt mut ma tk` Jrbw tkbt kbj bir`bjy

lèuf, bfj b i`fetky jhsousshmf bs tm wkbt tm jm blmutht)> \`s`c/Lrbtkwbht` hf 0 mv`r Luch`t/Ibrry I`` wkm‘j

l``f gbtok-pmhft jmwf tm _khrmcy/Lmeebf. Ghx`jJmuli`s (hfshst`j upmf ly Khij`lrbfj)> \`s`c/Khij`lrbfj mv`r Lmeebf/A`reusmf wkm‘j emf` 0 whtkLhii Kmje`/Jbrihf` GoObff. Pfj`r 25‘s> Tbui Ci`vhfbsmv`r Ghc` Lbl`r hf tk` s`gh‘s bfj Zhggy Kmus` hf tk` ahfbi. Oibss B> T`t`r _t`pk`fs mv`r Abrrìi hf tk` s`gh‘s bfj _khrmcy hf tk` ahfbi. Oibss B Jmuli`s> _t`pk`fs/Jbv` Tkhihp mv`r

Abrrìi/Kmje`. T`rkbps bat`r _t`pk`fs/Tkhihp whf tk` G`f‘s Jmuli`s hf F.N. armg \ml`rts/_`bithì, tk`y‘ii l` p`rsmfb fmf erbtb hf autur` B `v`fts=

Lrbtkwbht` Uhfs O`ftrbi Bg`rhobf Mp`fLrbtkwbht` amiimw`j up khs piby hf \mok`st`r ly emhfe maa tm piby hf tk` xt`fj`j Bue.

0-25 :tk O`ftrbi Bg`rhobf Mp`f, kìj bt tk` l`buthaui Fbthmfbi Br`fb hf Chfestmf, Nbgbhob.

Zk` ufshef`j wrht`-up, p`rkbps wrhtt`f ly E`mre` (ZZZ , _`pt.-Mot., 2852, 22), j`sorhl`j ZkÒkhà‘s jbhiy rèhg`f wkhi` hf Chfestmf> ’nme twm ghi`s `v`ry gmrfhfe, `x`rohs`, prbotho` amr mf` kmur hf tk` bat`rfmmfs, bfj piby ihghfbthmf gbtok`s bt fhekt.‗

’Zk` oihgbx tm khs aamrts obg` mf Bue. 2< wk`f hf tk` shfei`s v`ft k` abo`j tk` ehbftNbgbhobf, Mrvhii` SI`sW Kbsibg, wkm, ourr`ftiy ihvhfe hf Imfjmf, hs rbfc`j #5 hf @feibfj.‗\`pmrt`jiy, Kbsibg kbj fmt imst b gbtok hf Nbgbhob shfo` 2815‚bfj 0,444 spòtbtmrs jhjf‘t

wbft khg tm tkhs `v`fhfe. Lrbtkwbht`, bs wbs fmt uf`xpòt`j, jrmpp`j tk` 2st ebg`. LutE`mre` ’r`g`gl`r`j tk` jhsousshmf k` kbj whtk tk` @feihsk ombok bt tk` Umrij

Okbgphmfskhps‚hf wkhok ht wbs gbj` oi`br tm khg tkbt bfy emmj st`bjy piby`r skmuij l`btKbsibg.‗ _m, ha k` r`gbhf`j pbth`ft bfj jhjf‘t rusk khs skmts…wky, y`s, bfeihfe hf lbiis, kòmuij, bfj jhj, tbc` tk` f`xt twm ebg`s‚E`mre` mls`rvhfe ’tkbt mfo` k` emt b tkr`` mr amur pmhft i`bj, Kbsibg lòbg` butmgbthobiiy b jà`fshv`-ghfj`j piby`r rbtk`r tkbf tk` vhohmus

bttbochfe piby`r k` hs wk`f k` hs hf tk` i`bj.’Ahfhsk khg maa fmw!‗... ’Ahfhsk khg maa fmw!‗ Zkbt‘s wkbt tk` prm-Kbsibg spòtbtmrs

lèbf skmuthfe. Bfj, bothfe mf tkbt ou`, I`s tmmc tk` :tk bt 2:. Lut tk`f hf lhe trmuli` hf tk`0tk, wkbt wbs k` tm jm= Jmwf 28-25, bfj khs suppmrt`rs up mut ma tk`hr s`bts, Kbsibg, wkhi`

Zhggy Kmus`Tkmtm ly F`bi Amx



2;0

lboc-tm-lboc ’`febehfe hf twm imfe rbiih`s, sujj`fiy, whtkmut wbrfhfe, ufi`bsk`j twmtr`g`fjmus amr`kbfj chiis wkhok s`ft tk` Bg`rhobf sprbwihfe! _omr`> 28-bii!‗

Gmr` sor`bgs> ’Chii khg!‗…’Chii Khg!‗ E`mre`, c``phfe khs ommi, ’jòhj`j tkbt bL`fetssmf s`rv`, skmrt lbockbfj shj`sphf, ghekt wmrc,‗ sm ’k` s`rv`j strbhekt hftm Mrvhii`‘s lhe amr`kbfj…SbfjW Kbsibg put ht hftm tk` f`t.‗ Bfmtk`r mppmrtufhty tm s`rv` lrmuekt bfmtk`r

tkmuekt. ’Kmphfe tm mutsgbrt khs gbf, k` gbj` r`bjy amr tk` sbg` s`rv`. Mfiy tkhs thg` k`swufe j``p tm tk` lbockbfj bfj…Mrvhii` pmpp`j ht up bfj E`mre` chii`j tm tk` ghjji`!Tmhft, ebg`, bfj gbtok tm Lrbtkwbht`!‗

Uìi-j`s`rv`j bppibus`. Lut E`mre` wbs fmt y`t tk` Okbgphmf. _mmf, tkmuek‚amr tk` ahfbi bebhfst Zrhfhjbj‘s Uhfstmf Guiihebf wbs lut b ?-ebg` amrgbihty. Zk` Okhà bism wmf lmtk Jmuli`s. K` pbhr`j whtk Obfbjb‘s @rrmi Ob`tbfm, wkm p`rkbps ihc` E`mre` kbs jubiohthz`fskhp hf Euybfb, tm tbc` tk` G`f‘s armg Kbsibg bfj Aubrfbjm \ml`rts, ims`r hf tk`

_hfei`s tm Zrhfhjbj s`ghahfbihst Gbfshfek Bgbrshfek.* Bfj k` pbhr`j whtk J`fhs` Msgbf tmtbc` tk` Ghx`j armg Kbsibg/Gmfhob J`_muzb. T`rkbps tkhs kbt trhoc, bimfe whtk tk` ’Thfe-Tmfe Jhpimgboy‗ trhp tkbt‘s ehv`f E`mre` r`fmwf whii whf amr khg tk` omv`t`j ’_pmrtsgbf ma tk` X br‗ hf khs fbthv` Euybfb=

Kbsibg Uhfs @gphr _tbt

Zk` @gphr` _tbt` Mp`f, kìj Bue. <2-<< bt Abrghfejbi`, F.X., wbs smg`tkhfe abr gmr` tkbf b wbrg-up amr tk` _`pt.<-0 Obfbjhbf Fbthmfbi‘s‚ht wbs b trhbi ruf, bfmppmrtufhty amr i`brfhfe, amr ht wbs l`hfe jhròt`j ly tk` sbg` Imfe Hsibfj ZZB xòuthv`s, k`bj`j ly Tr`shj`ft Jbv` Omx, wkm‘j l` r spmfshli` amr

putthfe mf mur mwf P._. Fbthmfbi‘s btK`gpst`bj, Imfe Hsibfj‘s Kmastrb Pfhv`rshtyf`xt y`br.

Hf tk` bls`fo` ma J-N I`` (k`‘j l``fhfvht`j, lut H‘j k`brj k`‘j g`t whtk bf boohj`ftbfj tkbt, ufj`r tk` ohrougstbfo`s, ht wbs fmt

bjvhsbli` amr khg tm piby), Mrvhii` ’I`s‗ Kbsibg,kbvhfe omg`, bt tk` e`f`rmus hfvhtbthmf ma tkÌHZZB, jhròt armg tk` O`ftrbi Bg`rhobf Mp`f hfChfestmf, wbs tk` G`f‘s whff`r. Bfj sp`bchfe ma e`f`rmshty, ht gby hft`r`st r`bj`rs tm cfmw tkbtNmkf @l`rt, wkmg w`‘v` s``f bs mf` ma tk` Tbf-

Bg whff`rs hf tk` Uk`ìokbhr Ebg`s hfChfestmf, wbs tìihfe g` kmw Kbsibg, bf homfho

spmrts aheur` hf Nbgbhob, skbee`j lbiis amr tk`wk`ìokbhr piby`rs kmur bat`r kmur, jby bfj fhekt,amr twm wkmi` jbys.

Kbsibg, whtk khs strmfe pkyshqu` bfj kbfjsmg` abo`, lrmuekt b ebg` tm tk` Imfe

Hsibfj piby`rs bfj spòtbtmrs tkbt wbs f`w bfj xohthfe. Khs stbfo` wk`f rò`hvhfe hssmg`tkhfe Omimssus ma \kmj`s-ihc`‚`xo`pt tkbt k` rmocs lboc bfj amrtk mf khs v`rymutstr`tok`j iàt ammt, wkhi` whtk tk` k`ì ma khs rhekt ht‘s bs ha k`‘s jheehfe b gbrli`-kmi`. Hghekt bism g`fthmf tkbt b fugl`r ma spòtbtmrs w`r` hft`r`st`j fmt hf omgpbrhfe wk`tk`r

I`s Kbsibg, 2852 @gphr` _tbt` OmimssusTkmtm ly F`bi Amx



2;1

Kbsibg wbs b l`tt`r piby`r tkbf Lrbtkwbht` lut wk`tk`r k` kbj l`tt`r iès. Zk` Okhà,kmw`v`r, wmuij fmt l` whtk us imfe. E`mre` kbj i`t ht l` cfmwf hf Zmphos tkbt k`‘j imst tmLuch`t k`r` lòbus` k` wbs nust ’`xkbust`j‗ bat`r khs piby hf Chfestmf. Zkhs ma omurs` jhj fmtsht wìi whtk L`rfh`, bfj k`‘j r`spmfj whtk b I`tt`r tm tk` @jhtmr hf wkhok k`‘j sby, ’Emmj piby`rs jm fmt gbc` `xous`s wk`f tk`y ims` tm bfmtk`r emmj piby`r.‗

Bebhfst `briy mppmf`ft Nhg Jhxmf, ht bpp`br`j tkbt Kbsibg, kbvhfe imst tk` 2

st

ebg`<1-<:, tk`f nust squ`bchfe mut tk` <fj bt 28, wbs hf jbfe`r ma imshfe tk` gbtok. Gmrt ^bcbrhfwrht`s (ZZZ , _`pt-Mot., 2852, <8) ma kmw Jhxmf ’wbs bii mv`r tk` omurt, khtthfe lbockbfjs bfjamr`kbfjs nust bs kbrj bs k` omuij,‗ kmw k` ’c`pt Kbsibg mf tk` jà`fs`, rmbghfe abr l`khfjtk` tbli`, vbhfiy tryhfe tm c``p tk` lbii hf piby whtk immp skmts tkbt w`ft tw`fty bfj tkhrty a``thf tk` bhr.‗ Uhtk tk` ormwj ’sor`bghfe bfj bppibujhfe‗ khs `v`ry pmhft, Nhg wbs up 20-24 hftk` ?rj. Zk`f k` s`rv`j maa. ’Bs Kbsibg turf`j tm r`trh`v` tk` lbii,‗ Gmrt sbhj k` sbw b sghi`

mf I`s‘s abo`‚bfj cf`w Jhxmf wbsf‘t emffb l` tk` whff`r. Hfj``j, Kbsibg w`ft mf tm tbc`tkbt ebg` bt 28, tk` :tk bt 21.

F`xt gbf up amr I`s, bfj l`bt`f quhociy, wbs Ghtok _`bithì wkm‘j l``f ruff`r-up tmAubrfbjm \ml`rts hf tk` F.N. _ugg`r Mp`f. Zk`f, hf tk` s`gh‘s, ht wbs \`s`c‘s turf. ’Xmu

mfiy wrht` blmut g` wk`f H ims`,‗ omgpibhfs @rrmi. Uìi, wkbt obf H sby struoc g` blmut khs`brih`r strbhekt-ebg` gbtok whtk T`t`r _t`pk`fs= Mfiy tkbt ht jrmv` b jhseust`j T`t`r mut ma

tk` Jmuli`s bfj bwby armg tk` tmurfbg`ft. Mk, birhekt….@rrmi, H‘v` emt tm sby, kbs mf` v`ryjhsthfothv` skmt> k` omg`s sgmmtkiy, skmuij`r-jmwf, hftm b amr`kbfj put bwby ihc` Zr`vhfmihfhfe b jrhv` mr Tbig`r phfokhfe b shx-hrmf. Fm mf` is` hf tk` _tbt`s quht` khts b skmt ihc` ht.

Jmwf < ebg`s tm 2 bebhfst Kbsibg, @rrmi rbiih`j hf tk` :tk tm jrbw oims` bt 28-<4. Luttk` Nbgbhobf orboc`j bf hfor`jhli` omuft`r armg abr lboc tm `fj ht bii. ’Ha H whf tkbt :tk ebg` Hwhf tk` gbtok,‗ sbys @rrmi. Lut tk`f k` bjjs, ’H jhjf‘t a`ì omgamrtbli` mut tk`r` bebhfst khg.

K` kbs imts ma sphf. Ha ymu jmf‘t kbv` emmj thghfe, ymu ghss tk` lbii.‗Mv`r tm tk` mtk`r shj` ma tk` Jrbw fmw, tm Ihg Ghfe Okuh, tk` iàty p`fkmij`r wkm

us`s tk` wmmj`f shj` ma khs rboc`t. Khs mppmf`ft hf tk` s`gh‘s hs tk` hfhghtbli` Luch`t‚btthr`j

hf b si``vì`ss, yìimw-omimr`j ufj`rskhrt bfj lrhekt r`j pbfts. F`v`r ghfj‚Okuh pibys bs ha omimr-lihfj. Jmwf 28-<4 hf tk` 2st, L`rfh` e`ts b khek lbii tm kht hf, ghss`s ht. Ihg Ghfe rmufjstk` tbli` bfj tbc`s up khs tmwì, jmulti`ss tm whp` khs abo` bfj omgpms` khgsìa. L`rfh`

omg`s mv`r, sfbtok`s ht mut ma khs kbfjs bfj tkrmws ht mv`r tk` lbrrh`r. Ukbt tk`…! Zurfs mutht‘s L`rfh`‘s tmwì Ghfe hs ushfe. Ht‘s mf` tkhfe tm l`bt L`rfh` b ebg`, bfmtk`r tm rul ht hf=

Uk`f L`rfh` ims`s tk` <fj ebg` bt 28 ymu obf tìi armg tk` immc ma khg tkbt k` f``js bimt gmr` tkbf mf` ma tkms` kufjr`js ma ’_ghi`‗ luttmfs Jbffy Ebfz kbs gbj` up amr tk`tmurfbg`ft. ’Okuh piby v`ry abst whtk tk` wmmj, ymu ufj`rstbfj=‗ sbys L`rfh` ibt`r. ’Ha Hobtok smg`mf` wkm pibys whtkmut trhocs H e`t tm tk` ahfbi. H kbv` b v`ry emmj okbfo` bebhfst

tkhs aìimw Kbsibg.‗ Hf tk` ?rj, Luch`t hs jmwf 2<-1, bfj, wìi, ht‘s bii mv`r….Hsf‘t ht= Fm, fmt quht`. Imrj,

wkbt b kmij L`rfh` kbs mf iha`! K` c``ps r`ghfjhfe g` ma smg`mf` wkm muekt tm wmrc hf mf`ma tkms` survhvbi sokmmis‚ymu cfmw, wk`r` tk`y tìi ymu kmw tm stby bihv` hf b j`s`rt, b sfmwor`vbss`, b imoc`j lbs`g`ft rmmg whtk b kmghohjbi gbfhbo. K` whfs 2< strbhekt pmhfts.Abftbstho!

Lut tk`f Okuh, skbchfe khs k`bj hrrhtbliy‚bs ha, mut hf tk` kbii l`tw``f gbtok`s pibyhfe lrhje` whtk _mi _okhaa, L`ffy Kuii, bfj Lml Cbghfscy, k`‘j ufboomuftbliy bebhfghss`j b gbcbli` sibg bfj amr b gmg`ft amremtt`f wk`r` k` wbs‚stbrts tm e`t kmij ma khgsìa. _ujj`fiy tk` ihf` ma piby hs oi`br. Bfj k` lèhfs orbochfe rbphj-ahr` skmts iàt bfj



2;5

rhekt, ihc` (sfbp, sfbp, sfbp) b jòibr`r tbchfe hf sur`trhocs. _m, fm, ht‘s fmt hf tk` obrjs amr L`rfh` biwbystm omg` armg l`khfj. Be`-mij bgbzhfe k` hs, lut bismkugbf.

T`rkbps tmm kugbf. Bat`r tkhs `gmthmfbiiy

`xkbusthfe imss, L`rfh` jòhj`s, rbtk`r spmftbf`musiy,mppmrtufhsthobiiy H tkhfc, tm boomgpbfy smg`mf` tmtk` imobi jhf`r (fbg`j, ma bii tkhfes, ’L`rfh`‘s‗). Zkhs,kmw`v`r, jhj fmt sht wìi whtk Jbv` Omx, tk`Zmurfbg`ft Okbhrgbf. Kbj ht fmt l``f gbj` oi`br tmL`rfh` bs wìi bs tm tk` <44 mr sm spòtbtmrs tkbt tk`G`f‘s Jmuli`s ahfbi‚l`tw``f \`s`c/Luch`t bfj

Lrbtkwbht`-Kbsibg‚wbs blmut tm lèhf=Omx bir`bjy kbs kbj guok tmm tryhfe b w``c`fj.

K`‘j l``f pbrthouibriy put mut tkbt s`v`rbi s``j`j bfj pibo`j piby`rs, wkms` `ftry k` kbj boo`pt`j whtkmut `ftry a``s, kbjf‘t skmw`j‚hfj``j,

kbjf‘t kbj tk` omurt`sy tm tìi khg tk`y w`r`f‘t omghfe. Zbff`khii wbs mf` ma tk`s` piby`rs.K` kbj emf` armg wbhthfe tm piby whtk tk` _w`jhsk t`bg hf tk` ihtti` tmwf ma Crbfamrs,

_w`j`f‚ahrst tk`y‘j i`t khg piby whtk tk`hr lus jrhv`r, tk`f tk` w`bc`st g`gl`r ma tkÙmg`f‘s Z`bg, tk`f mfo` whtk tk`hr #: L`rfkbrjt, wkmg Nmkf l`bt‚tm wbhthfe hf Nbgbhobamr tk` `xp`fs` gmf`y k` wbs tm rò`hv` amr skmwhfe up tk`r` bfj imshfe twho` tm \ml`rts.

Zkmuek Jbv` cf`w tk` ormwj wbft`j tm s`` L`rfh`‘s Jmuli`s gbtok, k` wbs gbj`fmuek tm bffmufo` mv`r tk` imujsp`bc`r, ’Gr. Luch`t kbs ahv` ghfut`s tm r`pmrt. Mtk`rwhs`k` whii l` jàbuit`j.‗

_biiy, gy wha`, nugp`j hftm mur obr bfj jrmv` maa tm ’L`rfh`‘s‗ tm e`t khg. H gbj`smmtkhfe wmrjs, trh`j smg` omfv`rsbthmf‚ihc` tk` Gbrok Kbr` whtk tk` Gbj Kbtt`r. Omx‘som-wmrc`rs, Ghtok _hil`rt bfj Okrhs _okimtt`rkbus f, bfj \ui`sg`f Oyrhi I`j`rgbf bfj Gbi

Bfj`rsmf br` omfsuit`j. _bys mf`, ’Kbs bfymf` ìs` l``f ehv` tkhs ihl`rty=…Uìi, ha k` f``jsb i`ssmf….‗

Ahat``f ghfut`s ibt`r, mutshj` tk` uf-bhr-omfjhthmf`j eyg, wk`r` tk`r`‘s ommi obgpus

erbss, Omx hs skbchfe bf bjj`r‘s ahfe`r bt b v`ry bpmime`tho Luch`t (’H‘g smrry, Omx, v`rysmrry. H jhjf‘t cfmw…‗).

’B ahf` `xbgpi` ymu s`t amr tk` nufhmr piby`rs,‗ sbys Jbv`‚tkbt‘s b ihf` H r`g`gl`r.Bfj k` em`s mf. ’Xmu cfmw H‘v` ruf b fho` tmurfbg`ft up tm fmw, bfj fmw ymu‘v` c`pt tkhsormwj tkbt kbs immc`j amrwbrj tm tkhs gbtok wbhthfe <0 ghfut`s, bfj fmw, v`ry ihcìy, tk`y‘r`bii kmt bfj hrrhtbli` bfj r`bjy tm em kmg`….‗ Bfj sm mf, lòbus` Omx kbs wmrc`j kbrj bfj hs

fbturbiiy jhsbppmhft`j tkbt bii tkhfes obf‘t em bs k`‘j ihc` tk`g tm.Lut bs amr tk` ormwj, wk`f L`rfh` omg`s hftm tk` eyg, bii hs amrehv`f, amremtt`f. Zk`

spòtbtmrs wkhsti` bfj yìi tk`hr bpprmvbi‚ht gby l`, tk`hr imv`. Bfj ht‘s b emmj :-ebg`gbtok‚tkmuek, pmmr L`rfh`, mf imshfe, kbs emt tm put up whtk @rrmi‘s sghihfe, ’Bii ymu jm hs limoc. Kmw br` w` emhfe tm whf ha ymu nust jm tkbt=‗

H kbv` gmr` tkhfes tm sby blmut gy arh`fj Jhròtmr Omx bfj tk` pr`ssur` k`‘s aìt tkhs

w``c`fj, bs wìi bs smg` mls`rvbthmfs mf \`hsgbf‚k`y, ha Gbri`fs, obf wrht` r`bgs mfGbrty, H obf wrht` b ihtti`. Lut ahrst, tk` whff`rs ma tk` r`gbhfhfe `v`fts>

Umg`f‘s> Biho` Er``f jùo` hf tk` 0tk mv`r [ubf A`reusmf hf tk` qubrt`r‘s, bfj <4, -20, 8, 2; hf tk` ahfbi mv`r Tbt Khij`lrbfj wkm‘j jmwf`j Mieb _mit`sz 25 hf tk` :tk. Umg`f‘s

_mi _okhaa tryhfe amr bfmtk`r chfj ma sibgTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



2;;

Jmuli`s>Cbghfscy/A`reusmf mv`r _mit`sz/IhsbXmmf. Ghx`j

Jmuli`s>Kbsibg/Khij`lrbfj mv`r Luch`t/LbrlbrbCbghfscy hf :.G`f‘s B‘s>Gbroy

Gmfbst`rhbi hf 0mv`r Nhg Jhxmf wkm (bat`r l`hfe <-4 jmwf bfj bt jùo` hf tk` ?rj)kbj `sobp`j Jbv` Tkhihp <1-<: hf tk` 0tk. _mg`lmjy sbhj,’Gmfbst`rhbi wmf‘t tìi bfylmjy wkbt chfj ma orbzy rull`r k`‘s emt mf khs rboc`t.‗ Lut sm abr

bs H‘g omfo`rf`j ht‘s fmt wkbt k` obrrh`s hf tkbt kbfj ma khs tkbt whfs amr khg‚ht‘s wkbt k`kmijs hf khs k`brt. Umg`f‘s B‘s> Gurhì _t`rf mv`r Gbreu`rht` Lurf`tt wkm‘j must`j A`reusmf.

B Jmuli`s> \mry Lrbsshfetmf/@j _gmi`f mv`r Nhg Jhxmf/\by Gboc hf 0. L‘s> Nm` Okhfe mv`r \hokbrj Ok`f. Omfsmibthmf> @rfst Uhii`r mv`r Lhii _t`hfrm`j`r. Uk`ìokbhr> Zyi`r Cbus mv`r Jbv`Qhfo`ft. (Zy wbs rhekt tm okbsths` g` hf b I`tt`r tm tk` @jhtmr amr fmt hfoiujhfe tkhs v`ft hf tk`\`suits‚ht wbs b g`gmrbli` gmg`ft amr khg, khs ahrst tmurfbg`ft whf v`r.)

@squhr`‘s> E`mre`\moc`r mv`r Gbffy

Gmscmwhtz 28 hf tk` ?rj hf tk`s`gh‘s bfj Gbrv _kbaa`r hf tkàhfbi. _`fhmr‘s> Kbi Er``f mv`r

Gmfbst`rhbi. _`fhmr Jmuli`s>Ghtok _hil`rt/Zhg Lmeebfmv`r _mi _okhaa/Gmscmwhtz.

Pfj`r 25‘s> \hoc \ugli` mv`r Ghc` _t`rf. 20‘s> \ugli` mv`r Lruo` Timtfhoc. 2?‘s> _t`rf, whff`r ma b $<0 okòc amr ’GmstTrmghshfe Nufhmr,‗ mv`r Obri Jbff`r wkm‘j stmpp`j _omtt

Lmeebf, 28 hf tk` ?rj. Ar`j Jbff`r, hf khs butmlhmerbpkhobi Thfe-Tmfe Jhpimgbt , b Umrc-hf-Trmer`ss k`‘s i`tthfe g` r`bj,sbys tkbt Obri wbs òstbtho mv`r tkhs whf, amr ht g`bft Ar`j wbsemhfe tm tbc` khg amr tk` ahrst thg` tm tk` Zmrmftm OF@

Gbroy Gmfbst`rhbiTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf

@j _gmi`fTkmtm ly Lhii Gbri`fs

Zy CbusTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf

Jbv` Qhfo`ftTkmtm ly Lhii Gbri`fs

Ghc` _t`rfTkmtm ly Lhii Gbri`fs



2;8

tmurfbg`ft. K` bism sbys ly rmmthfe amr _omtt Hwbs tryhfe ’tm jhsturl Obri.‗ H obtèmrhobiiyj`fy tkhs, obtèmrhobiiy j`fy H `v`r amous`j mftryhfe tm jhsturl bfy mppmf`ft ma gy smfstkrmuekmut tk`hr obr``rs. Zkbt wbs l`f`btk g`.

Kmw`v`r, rèbrji`ss ma wkbt p`mpi` tkmuekt, Hwbs emhfe tm ok``r. Zk` amous ma gy ok``rhfewbs biwbys pmshthvìy mf _omtt bfj @rho, f`v`r mf tk`hr mppmf`ft. Bfj, hfj``j, H obf‘t ròbii`v`f mf` hfstbfo` wk`f smg`mf` (mtk`r tkbf_omtt mr @rho) bsc`j g` tm stmp ok``rhfe amr tk`g.

Zk` twm gmst `xohthfe gbtok`s ma tk`tmurfbg`ft amr g` (bshj` armg gy mwf jùo` hftk` :tk gbtok whtk L`rfh`) w`r` hf tk` ; tk‘s wk`fOkuh piby`j 0 ebg`s whtk \`hsgbf bfj Ghi`s

w`ft hftm tk`0tk bfj tk`f jàbuit`j tm \mry Lrbsshfetmf. Bs iuoc‚mr,

rbtk`r, bs tk` Zmurfbg`ft Jhròtmr‚wmuij kbv` ht, lmtk w`r` piby`j shguitbf`musiy.

Hf abot, mf` bigmst wbsf‘t piby`j bt bii. \`hsgbf wbsjhròt`j tm lbrrh`r`j-maa omurt #<. K` emt mut tk`r`, immc`j upbt tk` o`hihfe, w`ft rmufj tm tk` mtk`r shj` ma tk` tbli`, lèbftbp-tbp-tbpphfe tk` lbii f`rvmusiy mf khs rboc`t, immc`j lboc

up bt tk` o`hihfe, kht b omupi` ma lbiis whtk Okuh, bfj obg` maa tk` omurt. ’H obf‘t piby mf tkhs tbli`,‗ k` sbys. ’Zk`r` br`skbjmws k`r`. H jmf‘t piby ufi`ss H kbv` p`raòt omfjhthmfs.‗

Omx hs obii`j amr. K` hs v`ry lusy. Ukbt= \`hsgbfwmf‘t piby! K` s``s Gbrty stbfjhfe tk`r`, immcs bt khg bs ha k`r w`r` gbj. ’Zk`r` hs fmtkhfe w` obf jm blmut tk` bhr-

omfjhthmfhfe‚ht‘s nust emf` maa. T`mpi` whii kbv` tm stby kmt.‗’Fm, fm, ht‘s fmt tkbt, Jbv`,‗ H sby. ’H cfmw ymu‘r`

pr`moouph`j, lut ht‘s nust tkbt Gbrty obf‘t s`` wìi `fmuek mftbli` #<. Obf‘t k` piby mf #2 bat`r Ghi`s e`ts ahfhsk`j=‗

_imwiy Omx ufj`rstbfjs. _mg`tkhfe kbpp`fs hf khs`y`s. K` strhj`s tm tk` ghormpkmf`. ’Gr. \`hsgbf kbs `xbotiy

twm ghfut`s tm lèhf piby. Mtk`rwhs` k` whii l` jàbuit`j.‗_mg`tkhfe whij kbpp`fs hf \`hsgbf‘s `y`s. K`

hgg`jhbtìy em`s up hftm tk` stbfjs bfj shts jmwf. Bspòtbtmr f`xt tm khg hs erhffhfe ihc` tk` Ok`skhr` Obt.

Omx hs r`bsmf`j whtk, obnmi`j, aibtt`r`j, bpp`bi`j tm. K`tkrmws up khs kbfjs hf xbsp`rbthmf, hf j`spbhr. Khs tmurfbg`ft‘s

bir`bjy l`khfj sok`jui`. Trhvbtìy b P_ZZB @.O. g`gl`r hsk`brj tm sby, ’Ha tk`y‘r` sm abr l`khfj fmw, H‘j kbt` tm tkhfc wkbttk` Fbthmfbi‘s whii l` ihc`.‗ Lut Omx bfj or`w, j`spht` tk` ibre`fugl`r ma ftrh`s hf gbfy v`fts, cfmw v`ry wìi wkbt tk`y‘r`

Obri whfs...b trhp tm ZmrmftmTkmtm ly Lhii Gbri`fs

\`hsgbf tbp-tbp-tbpphfe



284

jmhfe. Zk` _bturjby fhekt pbrty bt b gbrvìmus imje` up hf tk` wmmjs whii l` jìby`j bf kmur mr twm (wkhok jmulti`ss j`t`rs b emmj gbfy p`mpi` wkm wmuij kbv` `fnmy`j b Jbffy Ebfz st`bc bfjb jrhfc mr twm armg omghfe), bfj tk` gbtok`s whii rhekt tk`gsìv`s.

Bs \`hsgbf, shtthfe hf tk` stbfjs, hs sok`jui`j tm piby, bfj Omx, sthii wbtok`j ly tkèrhffhfe obt, hs stujyhfe khs wbtok, H k`br smg`mf` suee`st ha ht ghekt fmt l` pmsshli` amr

smg`lmjy tm em up hftm tk` rbat`rs tm s`` blmut tk` ihekts. Bfmtk`r bscs, ’Uky obf‘t tk`y pibytk` f`xt gbtok sok`jui`j mf #2 mf #< fmw, bfj tk`f piby \`hsgbf‘s gbtok sok`jui`j mf #<mf #2=‗ Ghi`s hs bpp`bi`j tm. Fm, k` jm`sf‘t wbft tm trbj` omurts. K`, sghihfe, ber``s whtk\`hsgbf. Gbrty hs rhekt. Zk` ihekthfe hs ufqu`sthmfbliy l`tt`r k`r`. Omurt #2‚tkbt‘s wk`r` k`,Ghi`s, lìmfes. Zkbt‘s wk`r` k`‘s emhfe tm stby.

Lmtk Omx bfj \`hsgbf cfmw tkbt tk` ormwj v`ry guok wbfts \`hsgbf tm piby. Jbv`cfmws tkbt tk` spòtbtmrs a`ì tk`y e`t tk`hr gmf`y‘s wmrtk wk`f Gbrty pibys (bfj v`ry fmf-

piby`r wbs l`hfe okbre`j $.50 tm e`t hf, v`f tk` whv s ma tk` piby`rs). Omx ròmefhz s Gbrty‘soibss, khs okbrhsgb‚cfmws k` hs, rhektauiiy, b iè`fjbry piby`r. Bfj \`hsgbf hs quht` bwbr` ma tk`qu`sthmfs Lhii Gbri`fs kbs r`p`bt`jiy pms`j tm khg, ’Jm`s fmt b stbr mw` khs puliho tk` pi`bsur` ma khs tbi`fts= Obf k` ièhthgbtìy sby, ‛@v`rymf` omg`s tm g`. H omg` tm fm mf`=‘‗

Zk` Emrjhbf cfmt ma tk` hgpbss` hs tkhs. Zkbt \`hsgbf hs prmujiy kmijhfe mut amr l`hfeb prma`sshmfbi bgmfe bgbtùrs. K` whsk`s tm s`tti` amr fmtkhfe i`ss tkbf tk` hj`bi‚ht‘s b

gbtt`r ma prhfohpi`, ma sphrht, ma smui whtk khg. Mr, ha ht hsf‘t, k`‘j ihc` ht tm l`. \`hsgbf hs\`hsgbf. K`, khs ufhqu` p`rsmfb, bfj ihaìmfe brthstry br` fmt tm l` jupihobt`j ly tk` gbss`s.Hf b s`fs`, Gbrty hs r`biiy hf tk` hvmry tmw`r ma tk` jr`bg`r-brthst, pibyhfe gbtok bat`r gbtok hftk` l`buthayhfe ghrrmr ma tk` ghfj. Omx, wk`f hf b o`rtbhf ghfj-s`t, hs fmt amr ehvhfe bfymf`‚ fbthmfbi okbgphmfs, iè`fjbry aheur`s hfoiuj`j‚bfy spòhbi prhvhiè`s. Zkhs tmm hs bf hj`bi, bfblstrbot, lut mf` wkhok puts i`ss gpkbshs, i`ss hgpmrtbfo`, mf tk` hfjhvhjubi. Ma omurs` ymu

obf breu` tkbt bok bfj `v`ry hfjhvhjubi hs bs hgpmrtbft bs tk` f`xt, lut tm gy ghfj tkhs hs nustfmt j`gmfstrbliy tru`. Kugbfs f``j k`rm`s bfj k`rmhf`s, bs tk`y jm emjs bfj emjj`ss`s. Ht‘stkhs fò`ssbry ì`g`ft ma b r`spmfshv` sphrht hf gbf mr wmgbf, ma smui, tkbt H‘v` mat`f amufj

ibochfe hf Bg`rhobf tbli` t`ffhs maahohbijmg.\`hsgbf bfj Omx‚ht‘s tk` p`r`ffhbi omfaihot l`tw``f tk` hfjhvhjubi hf butkmrhty vs. tk`

hfjhvhjubi fmt hf butkmrhty. Ht hs, mf tk` mf` kbfj, Omx‘s thg`-sok`jui`j tmurfbg`fts, obràuiiy

pibff`j (tkmuek bir`bjy jhsrupt`j ly p`mpi` kbvhfe tm l` obii`j s`v`rbi thg`s amr tk`hr gbtok`s‚wk`r` br` tk`hr thg` obrjs tkbt tmmc sm imfe tm gbc` up=) bfj bism obràuiiyomfstruot`j sm tkbt `bok gbtok obf l` biimtt`j hts pr`jhotbli` gbtk`gbthobi sbg`f`ss, b pbtt`rfma omgpi`t`f`ss tkbt hs fò`ssbry tm bfy Jhròtmr‘s b`stk`thobiiy sbthsayhfe tmurfbg`ft. Bfj hths, mf tk` mtk`r kbfj, \`hsgbf‘s ufpr`jhotbli` s`fs` ma btt`fthmf-e`tthfe jrbgb. Uhtk khs pibyaui, obt-ihc` pibyhfe ma imfe ahv`-ebg` 2st rmufj, <fj rmufj, ?rj rmufj gbtok`s, k`‘s l``f

tk` lbf` mv`r tk` y`brs ma bfymf` tryhfe tm thg`-sok`jui` khg.X`t, bs w`‘v` s``f, tkmuek ht‘s emf` bebhfst khs erbhf, Omx omuij kbv` jàbuit`j

Luch`t, lut jhjf‘t. T`rkbps ht‘s lòbus` Jbv`‘s sm bjbgbft k`r` whtk \`hsgbf tkbt k` ibt`r trh`s tm strhc` b lbibfo` ly l`hfe i`fh`ft whtk L`rfh`= Mr wbs ht tkbt k` jhjf‘t wbft tm l``glbrrbss`j ly kbvhfe tm obfoì b ahfbi gbtok= Mr wbs ht tkbt k` e`fuhfìy jhjf‘t wbft tmjhsbppmhft tk` spòtbtmrs= Mr wbs ht tkbt k` kbj b sòr`t sygpbtky whtk tk` behfe L`rfh` wkm

bat`r bii kbs ehv`f khs iha` tm tk` Ebg`, smg` p`rkbps khjj`f r`v`r`fo` j``p jmwf smg`wk`r`tkbt Jbv` wbs bigmst ufbwbr` ma= Mr wbs ht tkbt lòbus` ht wbs mlvhmus H obr`j sm guok tkbtL`rfh` fmt l` jàbuit`j, bfj mut ma arh`fjskhp whtk g` tkbt k` wbht`j tkms` `xtrb ghfut`s amr khg tm skmw= Mr wbs ht tkbt ht wbs l`tt`r hf tk` imfe ruf, gmr` b`stk`thobiiy sbthsayhfe, tm



282

omgpi`t` tkbt Jmuli`s ahfbi ibt` tkbf fmt omgpi`t` ht bt bii=

Ukm cfmws= Trmlbliy fmt v`f Omx khgsìa. \`bsmf hs fmttk` l`-bii bfj `fj-bii‚tk`r` br` trutks ht obf‘t e`t bt whtk o`rtbhfty.

Bt bfy `v`ft, Jbv`‘s twm ghfut`s br` up bfj…Ubht b ghfut`! Gbrty‘s e`tthfe up. K`‘s l``f surrmufj`j ly p`mpi` urehfe khg tm piby. X s, k` hs emhfe tm piby! K` wbics lboc hftm tkòmurt, bfj bffmufo`s v`ry imujiy, ’H‘g pibyhfe tkhs gbtok ufj`r prmt`st.‗

_kbjmws tk`r` gby l` amr \`hsgbf, lut amr tk` ahrst twm ebg`s k` omgpi`tìyjmghfbt`s tk` tbli`. Moobshmfbiiy Okuh turfs mv`r khs rboc`t, us`s tk` jr`bj`j wmmj`f shj`.\`hsgbf, kmw`v`r, omuijf‘t obr` i`ss. Ht wmrcs blsmiutìy fm àaòt mf khg.

\`p`bt`jiy Ghfe obf jm fm gmr` tkbf em tkrmuek tk` gmthmfs. Ht‘s bs ha k`‘s pbrbiyz`j.Ahfbiiy, hf tk` ?rj ebg`, k` lèhfs tm piby b ihtti`. Bfj fmw ht‘s bppbr`ft tkbt tk`r`‘s smg`tkhfeghsshfe hf \`hsgbf tmm‚omgp`ththv` omfo`ftrbthmf. (Uk`f wbs tk` ibst thg` k` piby`j hf b

tmurfbg`ft= Bfj, bat`r bii, tk` ahrst twm ebg`s kbv` l``f sm `bsy.)Mf` wby mr bfmtk`r k` bfj Okuh e`t tm jùo`. Bs tk`y‘r` pibyhfe tk` <4-bii pmhft, b

lbii armg bf bjnbo`ft tbli` kmps tk` lbrrh`r bfj omg`s lmufohfe hftm \`hsgbf‘s vh`w. ’I`t!‗

sbys Gbrty bfj stmps piby. Ghfe jm`s fmt ihc` tkhs obii‚tkmuek, rui`s bshj`, ht hs bfufqu`sthmfbliy `tkhobi mf`3 tk` lbii kbs obrrh`j rhekt hftm tk` shj` ma tk`hr tbli`. B wmrj mr twmhs spmc`f‚Gbrty‘s lmttmg ihf` hs, ’U`‘v` biwbys obii`j i`ts brmufj k`r` wk`f b lbii omg`shftm tk` omurt.‗ Zk` ugphr`, wkm hs fmt Oyrhi I`j`rgbf, mr, amr tkbt gbtt`r, bfymf` mf tkbte`fti`gbf‘s maahohbi Pgphr`‘s Ihst, ber``s tkbt, y`s, ht wbs b i`t.

Zkhs fm-pmhft, bs ht turfs mut, hs v`ry guok b turfhfe pmhft hf tk` gbtok. Armg fmw mf,

ht bii smg`kmw em`s smur amr \`hsgbf. K` lèhfs gbchfe `rrmrs, bfj fmw Okuh, mfo` k`‘s emttk` hj`b k` obf whf b ebg`, twm ebg`s, tk` gbtok, armg tkhs fm imfe`r obsubiiy gbehobi aheur`,

gmr` psyokho amro` tkbf gbf, k` wkm wbs jmghfbft hs fm imfe`r sm.T`rkbps, omfsohmusiy, mr ufomfsohmusiy, Gbrty ghekt kbv` l``f psyokhobiiy jhsturl`j

ly khs hfsthfothv` ure` tm pr`v`ft tk` pmhft armg l`hfe tbc`f armg khg. K`, wkm prmuj, wbsblmv` stmmphfe, kbj stmmp`j b ihtti`. B qubrt`r ma b o`ftury bem, Gbrty ghekt kbv` l``f twm

ebg`s jmwf bfj bt jùo` hf tk` ?rj, bfj, whtk b sghi`, ehv`f tk` bj pmhft tm khs mppmf`ft‚bfjtk`f ma omurs` wmf tk` gbtok. Ht wbs pròhsìy tkhs prmuj luii-ahekt`r-aihrthfe-whtk-j`btk lrbvbjm tkbt kbj sm `febe`j bfj tkrhii j tk` bujh`fo`, bfj, gmr hgpmrtbftiy, a`j \`hsgbf‘smv`r-tk`-y`brs hfor`bshfeiy ghekty èm, mr sphrht.

Jbv` Omx

Tkmtm ly Lhii _okìt`gb

Ihg Ghfe Okuh (I) bfj Gbrty \`hsgbf>

’Zkhs gbtok hs l`hfe piby`j ufj`r prmt`st,‗ sbhj GbrtyTkmtm ly Lhii Gbri`fs



28<

Ukbt b abiihfe maa, tk`f, tkhs ’U`‘v` biwbys obii`j i`ts brmufj k`r`….‗ Ht gbj`\`hsgbf gmrtbi rbtk`r tkbf hggmrtbi. Bfj sm tk` psyokmimehobi bglhbfo`, tk` rmgbfo`, tkàbhry tbi` spìi tkbt \`hsgbf bfj Okuh w`r` obuekt up hf jhssmiv`j. Okuh, abo`j whtk b :4-y`br-mij gbf, bfj mf` omfshj`rbliy mut ma prbotho` bt tkbt, wbs sujj`fiy fm imfe`r pbrbiyz`j bfjw`ft mf tm whf tk` gbtok hf 0.

Bk, wmuij tkbt tk` \`hsgbf ma mij omg` bebhf bfj ihv` tm jm khs k`rmhos. Lut omuij ht`v`r kbpp`f=Bfj Ghi`s, wkbt ma khg bebhfst Lrbsshfetmf=Amr b w``c làmr` tk` tmurfbg`ft, \mry wmuij obii mur kmus`. ’H‘g smrry tm wbc`

ymu,‗ k` sbhj tm gy wha` mf` gmrfhfe. (’Xmu skmuij l`,‗ sk` sbhj tm khg.) ’H wbft`j tm obtokZhg làmr` k` iàt amr wmrc. SPfl`cfmwf tm \mry H‘j l``f i`bvhfe tk` kmus` bt 0>20.W Hwbft`j tm cfmw ha k`‘s amufj mut y`t wkbt chfj ma lbii tk`y‘r` ushfe hf tk` tmurfbg`ft.‗

Fbturbiiy \mry omuijf‘t prbotho` whtk bfy mtk`r chfj ma lbii.Lrbsshfetmf hs r`biiy up amr

khs gbtok whtk Ghi`s, bfj Jhoc,wìi, k`‘j emf` 0 ebg`s whtk

Cbghfscy hf tk` 2st

rmufj, bfj mf`wmfj`rs bs khs obr``r hs omghfe tm

bf `fj nust kmw guok k` obf obr`blmut bfy gbtok. Bitkmuek Jhoc whfs tk` 2st ebg` bt 8, k` obf‘t khtomfshst`ftiy tkrmuek \mry‘s sthaa okmp‚bfj ims`s tk` <fj bfj ?rj

ebg`s bt 28. Bat`r tk`y‘v` piby`j

amr bf kmur bfj em hftm tk` 0tk,Jhoc ma omurs` hs jà`fshv`-ghfj`j, lut \mry, surprhs`, kbs

tbc`f tm ihf`-jrhv` immphfe bfj kbs l``f r`gbrcbliy st bjy. Hf abot,k`‘s f`v`r piby`j l`tt`r hf khs

iha`‚tk` pmhfts gmuft up amr khgmf bat`r bfmtk`r.

H‘v` l``f ok``rhfe kbrj amr Ghi`s, bs H wbs bism amr \`hsgbf, lut fmw Jhoc sbys, I`bv`g` bimf`, whii ymu. Zhg=‗

Ahfbiiy, jmwf 21-1, Ghi`s stmps piby, sbys tm Lrbsshfetmf, ’H tkhfc H‘g emhfe tm quht….X`s,H‘g quhtthfe.‗ K` immcs v`ry pbi` bfj hs a`ìhfe jhzzy. K` em`s mutshj` bimf` tm e`t smg` bhr.

’Ukbt jm ymu wbft tm rmmt amr tk` ‛mij g`f‘ amr=‗ T`t`r _t`pk`fs sbys tm g`.Ukbt omuij H tìi khg= Zkbt, ihc` \`hsgbf bfj Ghi`s, H, tmm, wbs bf ’mij gbf‗ hf gy

amrth`s= Zkbt H piby`j bfj wbtok`j bfj wrmt` blmut tk` Ebg`, bfj tk` p`mpi` hf ht, bs l`st Homuij, omfsohmus ma smg` blsurj jr`bg, smg` p`rkbps gmr` blsurj r`bihty=

_@I@OZ@J FMZ@_.

*Guiihebf bfj Bgbrshfek, armg Zrhfhjbj, br` mlvhmusiy emmj Thfe-Tmfe piby`rs. JmfEuff gust wmfj`r ha tk`y cfmw tkbt ’tk` smprbfm st`ì jrug, us`j ly tk` st`ì lbfjs ma Zrhfhjbj, hs obii`j Thfe Tmfe.‗ K` bism gust wmfj`r ha tk`y jrhfc b ’Thfe Tmfe‗ omoctbhi(i`gmf nuho`, èe wkht`, sim` ehf, bfj Orëg` j` Xv`tt`).

Jhoc (I) vs. \mry

Tkmtm ly Lhii Gbri`fs



28?

Okbpt`r Ahat``f

2852> _w``rhs/F`sucbhths whf OF@. 2852> _u` Khij`lrbfjt‘s _ugg`r hf Nbpbf> Zk`

Jhaa r`fo` L`tw``f Nbpbf`s` bfj P._. Tiby`rs. 2852> Uky tk` Okhf s` Uhf. 2852>

Hft`rfbthmfbi Gbtok L`tw``f G`xhom bfj Kmustmf.

P_ZZB Hft`rfbthmfbi Okbhr \uaamrj Kbrrhsmf lèhfs khs omv`rbe` ma tk` _`pt. <-0Obfbjhbf Fbthmfbi @xkhlhthmf (OF@) tmurfbg`ft hf Zmrmftm (b ròmrj <55 piby`rs) whtk tk`Z`bg Gbtok`s l`tw``f tk` P._. bfj Obfbjb. Ahrst, tk` Umg`f‘s. Zk`hr Okbgp, Qhmi`ttb

F`sucbhths, mp`fs ly l`bthfe Mur Okbgp, Omffh` _w``rhs. ’Omffh`‘s jrhv`s omg` \mlmt-ihc`bt bfymf` whtk tk` t`g`rhty tm try khtthfe, lut tk` brt ma rmiihfe, ihathfe, immphfe, tmpsphffhfe,tk`s` jhaahouit tm jàhf` w`bpmfs hf tk` brgmry ma sk` wkm wmuij l`bt b okmpp`r, tkhs brt kbsf`v`r omg` bshiy tm Omffh`. Bjj bf bpp`fjòtmgy mf` gmftk làmr` (obf Omffh` baamrj tmims` bfy ma k`rsìa, `v`f b ihtti` bpp`fjhx=), bfj b whf bebhfst Qhmi`ttb wbsf‘t hf tk` t`b-i`bv`s.‗ Kmw`v`r, tkhs wbs tk` Obfbjhbf wmg`f‘s mfiy vhotmry. U`fjy Khocs gbj` skmrt wmrc

ma Obfbjb‘s mtk`r okmpp`r, Kì`f _blbihbuscbs _hg`ri. Zk`f U`fjy bfj Lbrlbrb Cbghfscy,’lboc mf tk` Z`bg bat`r b lr`bc ma bigmst t`f y`brs ma abghiy pibffhfe, `je`j Qhmi`ttb bfj

Nmyo` Kòkt.‗ Mfiy mf` mtk`r okbii`fe` r`gbhf`j> wmuij U`fjy l` bli` tm e`t tkrmuekQhmi`ttb‘s jà`fs`=…X`s. Bfj k`r ròhp` amr suoo`ss=…’\mii, armg shj` tm shj`.‗ Ps` bf’moobshmfbi jrmp.‗ Chii‚’whtk butkmrhty wk`f`v`r pmsshli`.‗ Bfj omglhf` whtk ’b ibre` jms`‗ma tkbt ’`ss`fthbi hfer`jh`ft, pbth`fo`,‗ wkhok U`fjy kbs hf blufjbfo`.

Zk`f tk` G`f‘s. Ihc` mur Nufhmrs hf tk`hr Hft`rfbthmfbi, tk`y wmuij tbc` bii tk`gbtok`s. (Lut wky mfiy twm lmys bfj mf` ehri mf tkbt Nufhmr Z`bg Jmue _t`wbrt wbft`j tmcfmw. Uky fmt ehv` gmr` Nufhmrs tk` okbfo` tm r`pr`s`ft tk`hr omuftry=) Luch`t, ’hf khssòmfj ymutk,‗ kbj fm trmuli` whtk J`r`c Ubii. \`s`c, jmwf 2-4 bfj bt jùo` hf tk` <fj



28:

bebhfst ymufe @rrmi Ob`tbfm, gbfbe`j tm puii mut tk` gbtok hf ?. Mur @rrmi ’hs hgprmvhfesimwiy‗, lut tk`hr @rrmi‘s ’boourboy bfj pmw`r br` lmtk mf b jhaa`r`ft pibf` armg wkbt w` sbwb y`br bem.‗ Ht tmmc Zbff`khii tk` auii ? ebg`s tm jmwf I``. Zkbt‘s Ibrry I``. Uk`r` wbs J-N= ’Lrmc`f bfci`,‗ sbys mf` hfamrgbft. ’Obr trmuli`,‗ sbys bfmtk`r. ’Jhjf‘t wbft tm ims` tmKyj`s,‗ sbys sthii bfmtk`r (tkbt‘s Bibf Kyj`s, tk` vhshthfe @feihsk Hft`rfbthmfbi). \`s`c bism

kbj bf `bsy thg` ma ht whtk Ubii wkms` ’abo` boquhr`s tkbt rujjy, k`brt-bttboc-hgp`fjhfe ku``briy hf tk` ebg`.‗ Luch`t tk`f wrbps up tk` P._. lihtz whtk b <-2 whf mv`r I``.Bfj fmw, làmr` \uaamrj tbc`s up tk` G`f‘s bfj Umg`f‘s _hfei`s piby, bfj Zhg

Lmeebf tk` Nufhmr piby, k`r` br` tk` whff`rs ma tk` mtk`r `v`fts (Oibss B‘s br` maa`r`j k`r` amr tk` ahrst thg`). G`f‘s Jmuli`s> Kyj`s/Ob`tbfm 21, -<0, 2<, -<<, 25 hf b erhtty s`gh‘s mv`r Lrbtkwbht`/Jhxmf, bfj hf b ?-4 bfthoihgbotho ahfbi mv`r _w``rhs/Luch`t. \uaamrj sbhj tkbtOb`tbfm‘s ’whfjghii brg‗ kbj Lrbtkwbht` ruffhfe bii mv`r tk` pibo`, lut tkbt E`mre` ’r`turf`j

lrhiihbftiy armg wìi l`khfj tk` tbli`, khs sphfs simwhfe tk`mppmshthmf.‗

Umg`f‘s Jmuli`s> Nujy Lmok`fsch/Tbtty Gbrthf`zObsk mv`r _w``rhs/Khocs, 25, -2?, 28, <0. @brih`r,

Cbghfscy/Mieb _mit`sz pmst`j bf xohthfe ‟2;, 2:, << whfmv`r _hg`ri/Gbrh` C`rr. Gbrh`‘s kuslbfj, C`f, amrg`riy

armg Fmrtkugl`ribfj, @feibfj, wbs Obfbjb #? hf 2811,bfj kbs l``f Tr`shj`ft ma tk` Mftbrhm ZZB shfo` 2818. K`hs blmut tm l` bppmhft`j tk` pbhj @xòuthv`/Z okfhobiZbli` Z`ffhs Jhròtmr ma Mftbrhm Trmvhfo`, bfj sm nmhfs tk`mtk`r _pmrt Mftbrhm Jhròtmrs hf Ibormss`, \uee`r,_moo`r, _whgghfe, bfj Zrboc bfj Ahìj. Ghx`j Jmuli`s>

Kyj`s/F`sucbhths mv`r Lmeebf/Obsk wkm hf tk` s`gh‘sobg` armg jmwf <-4 bfj jùo` hf tk` ?rj tm cfmoc mut tk`_w``rhs`s, bat`r Jìi bfj Omffh` kbj stmpp`j Kmwbrj/

Khocs, <:, 28. G`f‘s B> Zbc Ibg mv`r Tbui \bpkì. (Zbc,amrg`riy #1 hf Kmfe Cmfe, fmw pibys mut ma tk` i`ss`xmtho ihtti` tmwf ma Ubi`scb, E`mrehb.) Umg`f‘s B>

Gbrhbff Jmgmfcms mv`r [ubf A`reusmf. _`fhmr‘s>Lmeebf mv`r Gbx Gbrhfcm.

Fbturbiiy hf omv`rhfe tk` G`f‘s gbtok`s, \uaamrj kbs b a`w tkhfes tm sby blmut NmkfZbff`khii. Ukm wmuijf‘t= Ahrst, hf tk` ; tk‘s, Nmkf imst tm Aubrfbjm \ml`rts, bs k` kbj hfNbgbhob. Ubs mut ma prbotho`, wbs k`= Gust l`, shfo` k`‘s fmt turfhfe up bt tmurfbg`fts k``ft`rs. \uaamrj, wkm‘s biwbys hfshst`j tkbt P._. Z`bgs l` mutahtt`j, ihc`s \mllh`‘s obfbry-

yìimw ’Nbgbhob‗ nugp suht, lut hs bppbii`j ly Nmkf‘s bpp`brbfo`. ’Ha ymu obf‘t put mf oi`bfskmrts, ymu nust put tk` sbg` mf`s mf lbocwbrjs, rhekt= Gbyl` sm, lut ht hsf‘t gy hj`b ma tk`

`xbgpi` tm s`t amr mur nufhmrs mr amr tk` Obfbjhbf puliho.‗ Bs amr Nmkf‘s skhrt, ht r`bjs’Kmje`‗‚amr Omiuglus, Mkhm‘s Lhii Kmje`. Ukbt kbpp`f`j tm tk` P._. Z`bg skhrtsZbff`khii‘s emtt`f amr pibyhfe k`r`, mr pibyhfe amr tk` P._. Z`bg hf tk` pbst=

Hf bfmtk`r ;tk‘s gbtok, bebhfst Lrbtkwbht`, wkm‘j kbj tm em 0 tm e`t ly Zmrmftm‘s Lhii

Ok`fe, @feibfj‘s #: Kyj`s wbs iuocy. Zurfs mut tk` @feihskgbf‘s bttboc ’hs bii sphf, whtkmutemmj chiis,‗ bfj amr tk` ahrst twm ebg`s E`mre`, bwby armg tk` tbli`, jhj gmr` tkbf kmij khsmwf. Lut whtk Zk` Okhà up 2-4 bfj 2;-25 hf tk` <fj, Bibf emt twm `je`s, tk`f wmf mf b f`t lbii. Hf tk` f`xt twm ebg`s, whtk tk` pr ssur` maa, Bibf puii`j bwby.

_pmrts Mftbrhm ZZ Jhròtmr C`f C`rr



280

Kyj`s w`ft mf tm ìhghfbt` P._.

Nufhmr Z`bg Obptbhf Nboc Kmwbrjwkm‘j jà`bt`j Luch`t hf strbhektebg`s. Zkhs put khg bebhfst _w``rhs

wkm‘j bjvbfo`j mv`r \mllh`, tk`fObfbjb‘s Erbkbg E`br. ’Jìi‘sw`bcf`ss kbs biwbys l``f khs p`fokbft

amr r`tr`bthfe tm tk` lbrrh`r.‗ Zkhs i`bjstm spòtbouibr piby, lut fmt fò`ssbrhiywhffhfe piby. ’Hgpmrt`j omgp`thtmrskbv` biwbys amro`j Jìi lboc. Lut wbht.SUbht iht`rbiiy, amr, bs Nms` Zmgchfs sbys,rbhf ’obg` pmurhfe hf tkrmuek tk` f`wiy

ahx`j rmma putthfe bii s`v`f tbli`s mut ma bothmf.‗ Lut tk`f, bk, wk`f piby

r`sug`j…W K`r` wbs b f`w _w``rhs, b_w``rhs bt tk` tbli`, wkm omuij amro`Kyj`s lboc.‗ Hf khs ?-2 whf, Jìi‘s ’wbs tk` omftrmiihfe rboc`t tkrmuekmut.‗

F`v`r ghfj. Kyj`s sthii kbj tm l` hf pr`tty emmj sphrhts. \uaamrj Kbrrhsmf wrht s (ZZZ ,

Gbrok-Bprhi, 285<, :) tkbt Bibf‘s ’mf khs wby armg @feibfj tm Nbpbf amr shx gmftks ma ombokhfe bfj stujy.‗ K`‘s l``f bwbrj`j ’b tbli` t`ffhs aìimwskhp prmvhj`j ly tk` UhfstmfOkurokhii G`gmrhbi Zrust‗‚mf` ma 8; prmvhj`j tm tk` mrjhfbry limc` wkm ghekt l` hf ’jbhryabrghfe‗ mr ’orhg` pr`v`fthmf.‗

Blmv`> Jìi vs. @feibfj‘s Bibf Kyj`s

\hekt> Jìi‘s whffhfe amiimw tkrmuekTkmtms ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



281

Hf tk` mtk`r kbia ma tk` Jrbw, Ob`tbfm‘s piby bebhfst T`t`r Trbjht r`ghfj`j \uaamrj ma tk` ’amrg`r‗ _w``rhs, amr @rrmi wbs mat`f bt tk` lbrrh`r, ’gbchfe ihektfhfe iufe`s armg omrf`r tm omrf`r, moobshmfbiiy ruskhfe hf amr tk` jrmp.‗ L`st tk` Obfbjhbf ymutk omuij jm, tkmuek,bebhfst T`t`r‘s bfei`j-maa bttboc wbs 25 hf tk` :tk. P._. #24 Okuh, bjvbfo`r mv`r ObfbjhbfT`t`r Emfjb, jhj b imt l`tt`r‚kbj Trbjht jmwf <-4. Lut (tkmuek b strmfe obfjhjbt` amr tk`

P._. Z`bg tm tk` ‘5? _brbn`vm Umrij‘s) k` jhjf‘t whf. G`bfwkhi`, ht wbs \`s`c mv`r IbrryI``, bfj J`r`c Ubii ‟2;, 2;, <?, -25, ; mv`r Nhg Ibzbrus. @rrmi tk`f `bshiy w`ft tkrmuekJ`r`c, lut hf turf wbs libfc`j ly Trbjht.

_m, bs tk` G`f‘s ahfbi hs blmut tm lèhf, Jìi (whtk ’stbghfb tm lurf‗) hs wbrghfe up,’trbjhfe rbphj bfj boourbt` amr`kbfjs whtk b ymufe gbokhf`‗‚fm, fmt T`t`r, lut Pfj`r 2?ruff`r-up, F.N.‘s Ghc` _t`rf. Bfj Trbjht‚wk`r` hs k`= K` kbs ’ahv` ghfut`s tmr`pmrt.‗…G`bfwkhi`, ’_t`rf pbss`s _w``rhs whtk b abj`-bwby tm tk` amr`kbfj omrf`r.‗…’Mf`

ghfut`.‗…’_t`rf jrmps Jìi‘s iml‗‚obtok`s khg aibt-ammt`j….’Gr. Trbjht hs j`‗‚fm k`hsf‘t, lòbus` b Zmurfbg`ft Omgghtt`` g`gl`r kbj tmij T`t`r tk` wrmfe thg` tm r`turf.\uaamrj, wkm‘s biwbys l``f pbrthbi tm Jìi, sbys tkbt ’tk` ormwj hs bigmst jhsbppmhft`j.‗ _t`rfi`bv`s tk` omurt tm bf mvbthmf.

Trbjht‘s ’chiis br` kbia vmii`ys bfj tk`ràmr` skbrpiy bfei`j. Zk` f`w _w``rhs amufjtkhs tm l` fm prmli`g3 k` gbfbe`j tm limoc gmst ma Trbjht‘s bfei`s bfj omuft`rkhts, mat`f

i`bvhfe T`t`r ’ybrjs mut ma pmshthmf.‗ Hf whffhfe 2:, 28, 28, Jìi skmws khgsìa tm l` mf b pbr,’ha fmt whtk @urmp`‘s l`st, bt i`bst whtk tk` sul-ìht`, bfj w` kbv`f‘t prmjuo`j bfymf` mf tkbti`vì hf y`brs.‗ Kmw ahtthfe, tk`f, tkmuekt Lhii Gbri`fs, tkbt Jìi skmuij l` tk` mf` tm t`bokTr`shj`ft Fhxmf kmw tm piby,* bfj hfaiu`fo` khg tm kbv` b Zbli` Z`ffhs Omrps ihc` b T`boÒmrps.

Hf tk` tmp kbia ma tk` Umg`f‘s Jrbw, Cbghfscy stmpp`j Er``f hf 0, tk`f aìi ?-4 tm

F`sucbhths. Hf tk` lmttmg kbia, _w``rhs‘s vbuft`j omuft r bttboc usubiiy biimws k r ’tmgbhftbhf tk` lbrrbe`‗ bebhfst bfy Fmrtk Bg`rhobf mppmf`ft. Lut Nujy‘s beer`sshv` piby armg

lmtk whfes mv`robg` Omffh hf

strbhekt ebg`s. Bjvbfohfe tm g``tNujy hf tk` s`gh‘s wbs Tbtty Obskwkm‘j trhugpk`j mv`r U`fjy Khocs

hf 0. ’_kuocs,‗ sbhj \uaamrj. Mfiytwm ehris mf ’tk` `fthr` omfthf`ftwhtk tk` blhihty tm l`bt F`sucbhths,‗bfj mf` kbs nust put mut tk` mtk`r.Lut‚surprhs`‚hf tk` s`gh‘s, P._.#; Lmok`fsch, omfthfuhfe tm bttboc,

ahfhsk`j maa Tbtty hf tk` ?rj bfj :tk

whtk `bs`.

G‘emj, omuij Nujy whf!Bigmst. _k` wbs i`bjhfe Qhmi`ttb <-2‚tk`f sk` amremt tk` ròhp`, tk`bfei`s, tk` jrmps, tk` pbth`fo`, bfj

k`r chiis tmm mat`f w`ft v`rywk`r` lut mf tk` tbli`. Bt tk` <-2 lr`bc,Qhmi`ttb kbj l``f bjvhs`j tm vbryk`r okmp gmr`, bfj sk` jhj.

Uhff`r Qhmi`ttb bebhfst b kbrj-khtthfe NujyTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



285

Kbrrhsmf sbhj tkbt ha Nujy omuijf‘t r`bj tk` vbrhbthmf, sk` skmuij kbv`, amr sba`ty‘s sbc`, rmii`j’tm tk` ghjji` ma tk` tbli`.‗ Lut \uaamrj wbs hgpr`ss`j whtk Nujy‘s lbockbfj bebhfst okmp‚ tkhs w`bpmf wbs ufhqu`, fmf` ma tk` mtk`r P._. wmg`f kbj ht. Nujy wbsf‘t brg`j y`t whtk b lbockbfj chii, lut sk` jhj kbv` ’wìi-pibo`j jrhv`s, bfj tkbt‘s bii tkbt hs f``j`j tm c``p tkòkmpp`r armg omghfe hf.‗

Fmw amr tk` Nufhmrs. Zkmuek Kmiiywmmj‘s \byEuhii`f wmf tk` 25‘s pròbrhmusiy armg Zmrmftm‘s TbuiCi`vhfbs, -21, <4, 2;, k` omuij mat`f l` s``f mut tk`r` mfomurt skbchfe khs k`bj bfj immchfe amrlhjjhfeiy p`sshghstho. Hfj``j, mf` ma khs imshfe mppmf`fts r`pmrt`jkhg bs sbyhfe hf ghj-gbtok, ’Mk, H‘g f`v`r emffb whftkhs mf`.‗ H juffm‚\by, wkm‘s mtk`rwhs` quht`

p`rsmfbli`, r`ghfjs g` ma mf` ma tkms` lrhekt chjs hf gyerbj` sokmmi wkm biwbys hrrhtbt`j g` whtk tk`hr gmbfhfe,tk`hr wmrrh`s blmut pbsshfe tkhs mr tkbt t`st wk`f ymucf`w jbgf wìi tk`y w`r` b imoc amr 80 mr l`tt`r.

Bt bfy v`ft, wkbt`v`r tk` psyokmimehobiarbeg`fts \by skmr`j up bebhfst khs ghstbc`f hgp`fjhfe

ruhf, tk`y wmrc`j. Kbvhfe brf`j fmuek gmf`y tkhssugg`r tm gbc` tk` trhp tm Zmrmftm, k` wbs oi`briy fmtmf` ma tkms` t``fbe`rs wkm kbj omg`, sby, tm pbjji` khs lmbt rmufj Mftbrhm Tibo` wkhi ahekt r pibf`s jhsohpihf`jtk`gsìv`s mv`rk`bj. ’Ha H obf‘t em tm tk` lhetmurfbg`fts‚ihc` tk` Obfbjhbf‘s, tk` P_MZO‘s, tk`

Fbthmfbi‘s‚tk`r`‘s fm us` pibyhfe,‗ k` sbhj. Bfj whtk bfbhg-amr-tk`-stbrs mutimmc ihc` tkbt ht‘s fmt nust hf tk` hfahfht` spbo` ma Okbfo` tkbt k` wbs bli`tm whf bii khs oims` gbtok`s.

H‘g tkhfchfe pbrthouibriy (bfj tk` pmhft stbys imje`j hf gy ;-y`br-mij @rho‘s ghfj bswìi) kmw \by wbs gbtok pmhft jmwf tm Imfe Hsibfj‘s Nmkf GoErbw bfj kmw k` omuft`r`j b

imfe, ghrbouimus amr`kbfj lboc armg tk` lbrrh`rs tm

jrbw `v`f bfj `v`ftubiiy whf tk` gbtok, bfj kmw k`tk`f w`ft mf tm ‟;, <4, <4 l`bt Nmkf Ruhoc ma tk`P._. Nufhmr Z`bg làmr` ihghfbthfe Ghc` Q`hii`tt` hftk` s`gh‘s.

Euhii`f‘s arh`fj bfj aìimw Obihamrfhbf, tk` puochsk Tbui \bpkì (ufj`r-rbt`j bt P._. #?0), H kbv`

tm sby b a`w wmrjs blmut. Uhtk khs hgbehfbthmf, khsehat amr ghghochfe mtk`r piby`rs (mk y`s, k` gbc`s g`

immc blsurj), Tbui muekt tm l` hf b _kbc`sp`brhbfr`p`rtmry omgpbfy. Tibyaui‚tkbt‘s wkbt k` hs. Bwmrijiy-whs` hffmo`ft whtk b kue`, khjj`f em tkbtmuts, amr xbgpi`, wk`f k` pibys Ei`ff Omwbf b

prbotho` gbtok amr $24, k` wbs gurj`r`j hf tk` ahfbibot ma tk` B‘s, 1, 5, ly Zbc Ibg. Bism, hf bf `briygbtok ma tk` 25‘s, k` lbrìy `sobp`j Zhggy Kmus`, 28hf tk` ?rj. Bfj tkmuek hf tk` G`f‘s k`‘j l`bt`f tk`

Fmtkhf‘ smat blmut \byTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf

Tbui, b ehat amr

ghghochfeTkmtm ly Ar`j

Erml``



28;

Pfj`r 20 whff`r, Q`hii`tt` (wkm hf tk` ahfbi j`strmy`j Ci`vhfbs), k` kbj tm em 0 tm jm ht. Hf tk`qubrt`r‘s ma tk` 25‘s bebhfst Jbffy _``ghii`r, k` nust c`pt ghsshfe khs ou`, ahfbiiy imshfe 2; hftk` ?rj. Lut \bpkì, ufihc` Euhii`f, immcs tm `fj tk` pmhft quhociy, bfj, ha khs thghfe‘s fmtskbrp, wky k` ghekt, whtk b skrue ma tk` skmuij`rs bfj b i`bf tm tk` whfj tkbt fm mf` ìs` hftk` pibyhfe kbii a`ìs, ber`` jr`bghiy, tkbt, y`s, ht wbs mf suok b jby tkbt k` imst tm Ci`hf hf tk`

ahfbis ma tk` Tbohaho Ombst Mp`f._``ghii`r, bism ma tk` P._. Nufhmr Z`bg, mf khtthfe amr`kbfjs mr lbockbfjs, omfthfu`s,whfjmw-whp`r styi`, tm us` tk` sbg` shj` ma tk` rboc`t, tkmuek aihpphfe khs jhaa`r`ft-shj`jrull`rs jurhfe tk` pmhft. Jbffy‘s v`ry abst bt tk` tbli`, lut hf tryhfe, hf b imshfe P-25 s`gh‘sàamrt tm omuft`r `v`rytkhfe whtk Ci`vhfbs, k` sur` f``j`j smg`mf` tm tìi khg tm swhtoktbothos bimfe tk` wby.

Bs smg` ma ymu cfmw, Jbffy kbs l``f pibyhfe Bg`rhobf Ièhmf khek sokmmi lbii bfj

rò`ftiy kbj b try-mut amr tk` Thrbt`s. _omuts wbtok`j khg piby <fj bfj ?rj, t`st`j khs brg, khsruffhfe sp``j, bfj prmghs`j tkbt tk`hr abrg syst`g wmuij l` hft`r`st`j hf khg f`xt y`br amr gmr` try-muts.

Zk` T`ffsyivbfhb t`bg ma _``ghii`r,

Nm` _ok`fm, bfj Lruo` Timtfhoc wmf tk` 2:-t`bg Nufhmr Z`bg Gbtok`s, hf wkhok l`st : mut

ma 5 rmufj-rmlhf th`s amiimw tk` sbg` beàmrgbt bs ibst y`br‚P-2? pibys P-2? bfj P-20 piby`r, P-25 pibys P-20 bfj P-25 piby`r,bfj P-20 pibys P-2?, P-20, bfj P-25 piby`r._ok`fm jhj k`bvy juty, omghfe tkrmuek hf tk`bii-hgpmrtbft P-20 spmt. Zk` F.X. #2 t`bg

(Nmkf GoErbw‚k` kbj bf hgpmrtbft whf mv`r Ci`vhfbs‚\hoc \ugli`, bfj Ghc` _t`rf) wbs<fj. Timtfhoc‘s whf mv`r _t`rf wbs tk` jòhj`r.

Bk, Timtfhoc‚smg`lmjy sbhj tkbt, whtk tkms` lbeey pibyhfe-pbfts bfj tkbt fbturbi, ’Ti`bs`,_hr,‗ Mihv`r-bpp`bihfe abo`, k` immc`j ihc` b

Jhoc`fs wbha._t`rf kbj iàt khs rboc`ts hf b tbxh tkbt ahrst gmrfhfe

omghfe mv`r tm tk` @xkhlhthmf, bfj, tkmuek khs abtk`r kbj sp`ftiht`rbiiy kmurs mf tk` pkmf`, fmlmjy omuij kìp khg. F.X.‘sZhggy Kmus`, wkm l`bt Ghc` hf tk` ahfbi ma tk` 2?‘s, brrhv`j bfkmur tmm ibt` armg Ghokhebf amr tk` Z`bg gbtok`s. K`‘j l``f

tm _w``rhs‘s sugg`r oihfho, kbj stby`j tk`r` b wkmi` w``c. ’U` nmee`j, jhj pusk-ups, sht-ups, tmuok-tm`s, cf`` kmps, squbt-

tkrusts….‗ Umw, ht wbs bf `x`rohs` amr tkhs ymufe `ftkushbst nust tm tbic blmut ht bii. ’U` i`brf`j tm limoc J ii‘s immp, tms`rv` bfj chii, tm kht amr`kbfj bat`r amr`kbfj. Ha ymu omuijf‘t e`t<2 amr`kbfjs hf b rmw hf, ymu kbj tm ruf brmufj tk` scbthfe

rhfc. Bt ahrst p`mpi` w`r` ruffhfe hf ohroi`s. Lut tk`f tk`y emtus`j tm ht. H kht hf 021 whtkmut ghsshfe‚tkbt wbs gy ròmrj.‗

Zhggy hs sm bjjhot`j tm tk` _pmrt tkbt k`‘j `v`f piby`jhf b sugg`r tmurfbg`ft bt b F`w Xmrc T`ruvhbf Oiul tkbt wbs

Lruo` Timtfhoc...

rhekt mut ma Jhoc`fsTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf

T`ru‘s E`rbrjm Lrho`fm

Tkmtm ly \uaamrj Kbrrhsmf



288

oì`lrbthfe tk` 204tk bffhv`rsbry ma T`ru‘shfj`p`fj`fo`. H jmf‘t cfmw wk`tk`r tk`y biimw`j khgtm piby hf tk` Ibthf Bg`rhobf v`ft (wmf ly Imuh`Li`n`r). Lut, tkmuek Zhggy wbs l`bt`f hf tk`qubrt`r‘s ma tk` Hfvhtbthmfbi Mp`f _hfei`s v`ft ly _mi

_okhaa (whff`r mv`r E`rbrjm Lrho`fm), k` bfj Jbv`Tkhihp tmmc tk` Jmuli`s armg @rfst Uhii`r bfj \byGbijmfbjm.

Fmt guok bothmf bt tk` OF@ amr tk` ehris.Mgbkb‘s Jhbfb Gy`rs l`bt Obfbjb‘s Lhrutb Tiuobs hf tkàhfbi ma tk` Ehris Pfj`r 2?, bfj bebhf hf tk` s`gh‘s ma tk`20‘s làmr` (H jmf‘t cfmw wky) jàbuithfe tk` ahfbi tm

Ru`lò‘s Gbrhbff Jmgmfcms. Zk` Nufhmr Ghss whff`r wbs Nujy Lmok`fsch mv`r _u` Khij`lrbfjt, <4, 2?.

_u` Khij`lrbfjt‘s _ugg`r hf Nbpbf

_u` Khij`lrbfjt (ZZZ , _`pt.-Mot.,2852) wrht`s ma kmw, bat`r twm gmftks

hf Nbpbf tkhs pbst sugg`r, sk` wbse`tthfe tm a`ì ’Nbpbf`s`.‗ _k` wbs tk`kmusèu`st ma Chghym Gbtsuzbch wkms`kmg` ’obf l` s``f hf smg` Nbpbf`s`brokhtòtur lmmcs.‗ Chghym ma omurs` hstk` amrg`r Umrij Okbgphmf wkm ibst

s`bsmf wbs tk` OF@ Umg`f‘sOkbgphmf bfj stby`j whtk tk` Ubrr`f,Ghokhebf Khij`lrbfjts amr b thg` bs

piby`r/ombok. Lòbg` oims` arh`fjs whtkK`rb, tmm, jhj sk`=

Kmw Nbpbf`s` wbs _u`= ’H bt`

`ì, squhj, rbw ahsk, bfj v`f skrhgpwhtk tk` `y`s bfj bii, motmpus, bfjwr`btk skìis.‗ (Zk` Nbpbf`s` H cfmwbr` si`fj`r. Kmw guok ma tkhs abr` jhj

sk` `bt tm put mf <4 pmufjs=)_u` r`g`gl`rs spòhaho hfohj`fts tkbt gbj` k`r a`ì i`ss b vhshtmr bfj gmr` ma b fbthv`.

K`r`‘s mf`>

’…SB ehriW H prbotho`j whtk bsc`j g` ha H wbft`j tm jbfo` whtk tk`hr omgpbfyhf tk` Nbpbf`s` trbjhthmfbi jbfo`. H ibuek`j bfj sbhj, ‛_ur`!‘ Uìi, tk` f`xt jby làmr` prbotho` Chghym sbhj, ‛_u`, ly tk` wby, bt amur m‘oimoc ymu kbv` tm em tm tk` lbfc (wk`r` tk` tbli` t`ffhs piby`rs wmrc) bfj e`t ahtt`j hf ymur chgmfm amr tk` jbfo`

tmfhekt.‘Uk`f H emt tk`r` tk` ehris put gy kbhr up, pbhft`j gy abo` wkht`, bfj jr`ss`j

g` hf b chgmfm whtk tk` wmmj`f skm`s bfj bii. H jbfo`j jmwf tk` str``ts bfj bormsstk` stbe` hf b omft`st! Gbfy p`mpi` w`r` `xoht`j tm s`` b amr`hef`r jbfo`!

Jhbfb Gy`rsTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf

_u` bfj K`rb.

K`rb w`ft tm

Nbpbf tmm=Tkmtm ly Gbi

Bfj`rsmf



<44

…SNustW làmr` H jbfo`j, ahv` ma us ehris w`r` tbichfe bfj stbfjhfe b ihtti` lht

mut hf tk` str``t. Mf` jrhv`r jhjf‘t ihc` tk` hj`b ma us l`hfe tk`r` sm k` puii`j up v`ry

oims` bfj sbhj tm g`, ‛K`y, ehri, ymu kbv` b stbhf mf ymur chgmfm!‘ Zk`s` br` tk` chfjs

ma tkhfes tk`y sby hfst`bj ma sw`brhfe!‗

Armg k`r stby hf Nbpbf, _u`‘s omfvhfo`j tkbt tk` mf` tkhfe tk` _pmrt f``js hf tk` P._.hs ’bujh`fo` pbrthohpbthmf.‗ Uk`f sk` wbic`j hftm tk` eyg wk`r` tk` Ehris‘ Fbthmfbi Khek

_okmmi SZbli` Z`ffhsW Gbtok`s w`r` l`hfe piby`j, ’ht wbs uflìh`vbliy ormwj`j bfj sm kmt

tkbt H emt rbsk`s. H wbs sm surprhs`j ly tk` fmhs`, H tkmuekt tk`r` wbs b lbsc`tlbii ebg` emhfe

mf.‗ Lmy, ht sujj`fiy struoc _u` tkbt tbli` t`ffhs hs ’tk` gmst `xohthfe spmrt H‘v` `v`r s``f! Ha

tk`y yìi`j ihc` tkhs hf tk` P._. tk`y wmuij bii l` omfshj`r`j ruj` bfj kbvhfe lbj gbff`rs.‗

Uhffhfe wbs jàhfhtìy hgpmrtbft tm tk` Nbpbf`s`. @v`ry pmhft wbs ok``r`j bfj oibpp`j amr‚

`v`f, ht gby l`, ’ha tk` mppmf`ft ghss`j b s`rv`.‗

Zk` piby`rs wmuij jm ’nufchf‗ (tkbt‘s b ’sohssmrs, rmoc, bfj pbp`r ebg`‗) lmtk tm s``

wkm‘j okmms` tk` lbii armg tk` jhaa`r`ft mf`s bvbhibli` bfj wkm‘j s`rv`. L`tw``f bok pmhft

’tk` piby`rs wmuij nugp brmufj bfj imms`f up. Zk`hr ombok`s sbt l`khfj tk`g hfshj` tk`

lbrrh`rs bfj ombok`j tk`g tkrmuekmut tk` gbtok!‗ Zk` piby`rs w`r` sm s`rhmus, _u` sbhj, tkbtsk` i`brf`j kmw ’FMZ tm bppròhbt` emmj pmhfts, amr wk`f H sghi`j mr sbhj ‛fho` vmii`y‘ bii H

emt wbs b jhrty immc.‗

Bfj wkbt ghfj-pr`pbrbthmf tk` piby`rs w`ft tkrmuek. ’Zk`y okbft mv`r bfj mv`r whtk

oims`j `y`s tkbt tk`y whii jm tk`hr l`st, l` s`rhmus bt tk` ebg`, bfj try tm hgprmv`. Zk`hr

ombok`s br` s`v`r`, sm s`v`r` tkbt tk`y smg`thg`s sibp tk` piby`rs mr pufhsk tk`g!‗

_u`, wkm sbys k`r embi hs tm gbc` tk` P._. Umg`f‘s Z`bg tm tk` 285? _brbn`vm

Umrij‘s, tmmc k`r ou` armg tk` rhemrmus trbhfhfe sk` wbs whtf`ss tm>

’…H piby`j hf tk` lèhffhfe ahv` kmurs v`ryjby bfj tk`f bat`r bwkhi` ht wbs

l`tw``f tkr ` bfj ahv` kmurs. _mg` jbys H rbf fhf` ghi`s lut gbhfiy ht wbs shx bfj

smg`thg`s H rmj` twìv` ghi`s mf b lhc`.H wmuij mat`f piby tkr`` kmurs whtkmut

stmpphfe mr r`sthfe! Lmy, H f`v`r sw`bt`j sm guok hf gy iha`. (Bat`r tk` ahrst ahv`

ghfut`s H wmuij l` omgpi`tìy w`t, `v`f gy skm`s!) _mg`thg`s H prbotho`j ammtwmrc

`x`rohs`s amr mf` kmur whtkmut b r`st. Uk`f w` jhj omftrmi `x`rohs`s (amr`kbfj jrhv`s),

ha mf` p`rsmf ghss`j, ymu wmuij lmtk stbrt mv`r. Mf` thg` Chghym bfj H jhj 2,?;4 bfj

tk`f lòbus` sk` ghss`j sk` aìi jmwf bfj bigmst orh`j!‗

Kmw jhaa`r`ft tkhs `xp`rh`fo` wbs amr _u` omuijf‘t kbv` l``f gmr` bppbr`ft wk`f sk`

obg` lboc tm tk` _tbt`s. ’H amufj ht, bfj H sthii ahfj ht, kbrj tm piby bebhfst skbc`-kbfjs

piby`rs,‗ sk` sbhj. Bism, H r`bihz`j ’kmw t`rrhli` tk` tbli`s br` k`r` Shf tk` P._.W.‗ Gmst ma tk`

thg` w`‘r` sthii pibyhfe ’Thfe-Tmfe!‗

Uky tk` Okhf`s` Uhf

Hf bf brthoi` mf ’Zk` Qbiu` ma Qbrhmus _tyi`s ma Tiby, ’ (ZZZ , Nbf.-A`l., 285<, 5), _t`v`

Brfmij sbys tkbt tk` Mot., 2852 Zbgbsu Zbli` Z`ffhs \`pmrt suee`sts tkbt, lòbus` Nbpbf

jm`sf‘t kbv` tk` j`ptk bfj vbrh`ty ma styi`s tkbt tk` Okhf`s` jm, tk`y obf‘t l`bt Okhfb. Hf

pibyhfe tk` Nbpbf`s`, mf` f``js ’mfiy tm bjnust tm b ebg` pibf luhit upmf b pmw raui tmpsphf

jrhv` e`f`rbt`j ly hfv`rt`j spmfe`.‗



<42

Fmw, sbys _t`v`, omftrbst tkbt gmfmstyimus bpprmbok whtk wkbt tk` strbt eho-ghfj`j

Okhf`s` piby`rs w`r` jmhfe hf Fbemyb, kmw tk`y tmmc auii bjvbftbe` ma gmj`rf tòkfmimey.

Omfshj`r tk`hr t.t. brgbg`ft bfj wkbt tk`y jm whtk ht>

’Khs @f-thfe…rhekt-kbfj`j phgpi`s-mut bttboc`r, `xoìi`ft tmpsphf jrhv`s.

Ih Au-nufe…hfv`rt`j spmfe` iàt-kbfj`j tmpsphf bttboc, pbrthouibriy fmt`j amr emmj s`rv`s bfj tkr``-lbii bttboc.

Okubfe Zs`-tufe…us`s b amur-mufo` lbt, tkhf phgpi`j spmfe`, hs bli` tm bttboc

whtk lbockbfj bfj amr`kbfj, jìhv`rhfe lbiis whtk er`bt quhocf`ss bt skbrp bfei`s.

Ihbfe Cm-ihbfe…rhekt-kbfj`j bii-rmufj piby`r, us`s phgpi`j tkhf spmfe` mf

tk` lbockbfj bfj tkhf hfv`rt`j spmfe` mf tk` amr`kbfj.

Okbfe _khk-ihf…rhekt-kbfj`j p`fkmij jà`fshv` piby`r, mrtkmjmx rull`r, kbs

bgbzhfe blhihty tm vbry okmp, amrohfe mppmf`fts tm ghsnuje` sphf.

Ih Okhfe-cubfe, iàt-kbfj`j, p`fkmij limoc`r, phgpi`s-mut tkhoc spmfe`, bli`

tm amro` mppmf`fts hftm ghstbc`s ly limochfe v`f tk` kbrj`st sgbsk`s.‗

Zk` Okhf`s` j`shr` amr vbrh`ty xt`fjs tm hffmvbthmfs. Zk`y aihp tk`hr rboc`t shj`s,ammtstbgp, bfj okmp ’wk`f tk` lbii hs mut ma tk` mppmf`ft‘s ihf` ma shekt.‗

Zkhs jhv`rshahobthmf‚bfj tk`r`‘ii l` gmr` ma ht tk` wmrij mv`r‚kbs l``f gbj`

pmsshli` lòbus` ma `v`r-j`vìmphfe tòkfmimey. K`r`‘s Brfmij‘s bss`ssg`ft ma wkbt‘s

ourr`ft>

’Amr tk` jà`fshv` piby`r, tk` Nbpbf`s` kbv` j`vìmp`j b ihekt, ai`xhli` lbt

gbj` ma whiimw. Zk` pbjji` gbc`s tk` prmjuothmf ma vbrh`j sphfs hf okmp quht` `bsy. Hf

bjjhthmf, @urmp`bfs kbv` prmjuo`j bf vhi-immchfe liu` bfth-tmpsphf rull`r tm biimw

smg` omftrmi mv`r immp jrhv`s. Ahfbiiy tk` Okhf`s` kbv` hftrmjuo`j b tk`mry amr

okmpphfe….SZk`y str`ssW omftbothfe tk` lbii bt jhaa`r`ft pmhfts mf hts trbnòtmry, ushfe

jhseuhs`j strmc`s, bfj vbryhfe libj` bfei`s. Zk`s` tmmis obf gbc` jà`fshv` piby`rs

tmuek mppmf`fts `v`f amr sup`r-immp`rs.

Amr tk` immphfe mr hfv`rt`j rull`r piby`r, tk` brohfe strmc` `xòut`j whtk tk`

oims`j lbt e`f`rbt`s b er`bt j`bi ma sphf. Zk` xp`fshv` spmfe`s bvbhibli`, trhgg`j bt

tk` abotmry ma tk` j`bj br`bs prmjuo`j wk`f tk` gbt`rhbi hs prmo`ss`j ly k`bt, abvmr

tmpsphf jrhv`s. Zk`s` sup`r-sbfjwhok rull`rs obf l` gbfuabotur`j hf gbfy

tkhocf`ss`s, php shz`s, bfj w`hekts tm prmjuo` vbryhfe omglhfbthmfs ma sp``j, sphf, bfj

omftrmi.

_rhv`r, amr `xbgpi`, omg`s hf twm amrgs> _-typ` amr sphf bfj I-typ` amr sp``j.

Zwm ghiihg`t`r Gbrc Q omglhf`s bf blhihty tm prmjuo` er`bt sphf wk`f b simw,

jìhl`rbt` strmc` hs us`j3 sp``j wk`f b skbrp kht hs `xòut`j3 bfj b fm-sphf j`bj lbiiwk`f b limoc skmt hs gpimy`j. Zk`s` gbt`rhbis obf l` omglhf`j whtk Okhf`s` nufhp`r

wmmj libj`s amr er`bt sp``j mr whtk gmr` ai`xhli` libj`s amr bii-rmufj piby bfj sphf.

Bii piby`rs prmaht armg tk` ihvìh`r tbli`s bfj lbiis. Zbli`s hf @urmp` bfj Bshb

br` mat`f gmr` tkbf <0gg tkhoc, gbj` ma ahat``f-piy wmmj. Lbiis‚e`tthfe gmr`

jurbli`, gmr` omfshst`ftiy rmufj, bfj kbrj`r‚s``g abst`r tm gbfy mij`r piby`rs.

Zk`s` j`vìmpg`fts hf tk` spmrt j`gbfj tkbt piby`rs us` er`bt`r schii, sp``j, bfj sphf

hf `xòuthfe skmts tm whf pmhfts.‗



<4<

Ehv`f tkhs`vmiuthmf, Brfmij sbystkbt ’tk` suee`sthmf tkbthfv`rt`j spmfe` chii`jtk` spmrt hs pbrmokhbi.‗

Xmufe piby`rs hf Okhfbkbv` guok gmr`mppmrtufhty ’tm j`vìmpahrst-kbfj cfmwi`je` ma tk` spmrt‗ tkbf tk`hr Bg`rhobf omuft`rpbrts.Xmufest`rs hf tk` P._.

f``j tm l` ’kìp`j tmus` aaòthvìy bfjouffhfeiy tk` gmstbjvbfo`j gbt`rhbi pmsshli`.‗ Ha fmt…

’Ha Bg`rhob jm`s fmt omgght k`rsìa tm tkhs btthtuj` lut omfthfu`s tm whsk

prmer`ss mut ma `xhst`fo` bfj tm jr`bg ma ’tk` emmj mij jbys wk`f lbts w`r` kbrjrull`r,‗ tk`f tk` j`btk ma tbli` t`ffhs whii fm imfe`r l` libg`j mf hfv`rt`j spmfe`.‗

Hft`rfbthmfbi Gbtok L`tw``f G`xhom bfj KmustmfObihamrfhb‘s Jmue _t`wbrt oht`s Nujy Lmokbfsch‘s guok

hgprmv`j piby lòbus` ma wkbt, omfsohmusiy, mr ufomfsohmusiy

sk` blsmrl`j hf Fbemyb. K` lìh`v`s whtk gbfy tkbt tk`r`muekt tm l` gmr` Hft`rfbthmfbi omgp`ththmf amr mur piby`rs. Brìbthvìy hf`xp`fshv` stbrt, k` sbhj, wmuij l` tm piby Obfbjb

Hft`rfbthmfbi Gbtok`s fmt nust mfo` lut s`v`rbi thg`s jurhfetk` s`bsmf. Jmue, wkm‘s mrhehfbiiy armg Bustrbihb bfj wbsbssmohbt`j whtk tk` ahrst _mutk-@bst Tbohaho Br`b Zbli` Z`ffhs

Zmurfbg`ft hf Gìlmurf` hf Bprhi, 281;, lìh`v`s tkbt tk`P._. skmuij stbe` b Tbohaho Lbshf Okbgphmfskhp hf I.B., tkhfcsspmfsmrskhp omuij l` rbhs`j.

Bfj gbyl` k`‘s rhekt. Imwiy G`xhom, Umrij #?1bgmfe tk` g`f (tk`hr wmg`f jhjf‘t em tm Fbemyb), obg` auii

lmr` tm Kmustmf, Mot. <;-Fmv. < amr bf Hft`rfbthmfbi Gbtok, bfj Gbrhbff` _zbiby, wkm jhj

tk` Zmphos omv`rbe` (Fmv.-Jò., 2852, 23<2), kbj t`brs ma tkbfcs hf k`r `y`s. Kmw rhektauiiy prmuj sk` wbs ’ma tk` Ohty ma Kmustmf, hts p`mpi bfj tk` Kmustmf Zbli` Z ffhs Bssmohbthmf.‗

Bfj bism v`ry pi`bs`j tm kbv` rò`hv`j ’b i`tt`r armg tk` Ukht` Kmus`‗ bocfmwi`jehfe tk`tmurf`y.

Gbrhbff`, wkmg Nboc Obrr tkhfcs ma, kbfjs jmwf, bs tk` wmrtkh`st ròhph`ft ma tk`f`xt Lbrfb Bwbrj amr ’gbchfe pmsshli` tkhs er`bt `v`ft,‗ hs blmut tm ehv` ymu tk` r`suits ma tk`

Gbtok`s‚whtk lmtk ’_r. Gbrhm \mg`rm-Imp`quh, Omufsì E`f`rbi ma G`xhom‗ bfj ’Gr. NmkfKuek`s, _up`rhft`fj`ft ma \òr`bthmf, r`pr`s`fthfe tk` Gbymr ma Kmustmf‗ pr`s`fthfe tk`trmpkh`s. Lut, bs ymu‘ii s`` hf b gmg`ft, whtk tk` hfor`jhli` spmfsmrskhp bttbhf`j, tk`r` w`r`fm ims`rs.

Tr`-sokmmi trbhfhfe hf Okhfb> ihtti` chjs3 lhe lbts bfj lbiisArmg SOkhfb‘sW Umrij Zbli` Z`ffhs _tbrs, 2808-;8

Jmue _t`wbrt



<4?

G`f‘s Z`bg> P._. 0‚G`xhom 2. Kbfugbftk \bm j.Obrims I`zbgb, G`xhom Ohty #< bfj amrg`r Fbthmfbi Jmuli`sOkbgphmf, <-4. Lrbj Amuftbhf j. Gbfuì _hivb, G`xhom Ohty#?, <-4. N`sus Ehi, G`xhom Ohty #2, j. Jmf U``gs, <-4.Amuftbhf j. I`zbgb, <-4. \bm j. Ehi, <-2. U `gs j. _hivb, <-

4. Boomgpbfyhfe tkhs Z`bg w`r` tk` twm tmp G`xhom OhtyNufhmrs, \ml`rtm Mt`rm bfj Kugl`rtmEmfbzbi`z, bfj twm maahohbis, Jr. KìhmsAbrrìi, Tr`shj`ft ma tk` G`xhobf Z.Z.A`j`rbthmf, bfj b 5-thg` FbthmfbiOkbgphmf wkm bism piby`j hf Fbemyb, bfjJr. Nmre` Emfzbi`z, GZZA Qho`-Tr`shj`ft.

Zk` P._. Obptbhf wbs Bi @feì, Tr`shj`ftma tk` Kmustmf ZZB.

Umg`f‘s Z`bg> P._. ?‚G`xhom 4.Bff \bgs`y j. Oibuj` J` \`f`rm, G`xhom

Ohty Okbgphmf, <-4. _zbiby j. L`btrhzTbibamx, G`xhom Ohty #<, <-4. \bgs`y/_khri`y Umm

j. Tbibamx/_momrrm Fuf`z, G`xhom Ohty #?, <-2.Jurhfe tk` ahv` jbys tk` G`xhobfs vhsht`j,

tk`y w`r` eu`sts ma tk` Ohty ma Kmustmf bfj w`r` tr`bt`j rmybiiy>

’…SZk` OhtyW ebv` tk` Amfj` \òr`bthmfO`ft`r tk` l`buthaui trmpkh`s amr tk` Zmurfbg`ft3

Fh`gbf-Gbrous pr`s ft`j ehats amr tk` G`xhobfZ`bg3 tk` Kmtì _mf`stb ebv` omgpihg`ftbrykmtì boomggmjbthmfs3 Omfthf`ftbi

Zrbhiwbys tk` trbfspmrtbthmf3 Mskgbf‘s_pmrthfe Emmjs tk` g`f‘s skhrts bfj tk`wmg`f‘s tmps amr tk` Kmustmf Z`bg3

Nhggy GoOiur`‘s _pmrts & Zrmpky_kmp tk` Lbrfb ? ormwf lbiis3 Nbgh`‘sma Kmustmf tk` Arhjby iufok`mf3Kul`r‘s _`bammj & Myst`r Lbr tkÀrhjby jhff`r3 Ami`y‘s Bzbi`b Z`rrbo` tk` _bturjby iufok`mf3 Lhsgbroc \`stburbft tk`Lbfqu`t3 Ebii`rhb \mma ma Kmustmf Mbcs Kmtì tk` _ufjby lrufok3 \mybi Ombok

Gmtmr Kmtì‘s Ombok & Kmrs`s Oiul tk` _ufjby jhff`r.Kmihjby Hff jmwftmwf maa`r`j mf` w``c‘s stby Shf Kmustmf=W amr tk` whff`r ma tk`

G`xhobf Z bg Ssho> ha tk` G`xhobfs wmf=W, bfj tk` f`w Kmihjby Hff Ohvho O`ft`r mf`w``c‘s stby hf Bobpuiom amr tk` whff`r ma tk` Kmustmf Z bg Ssho> ha tk` Kmustmfhbfs wmf=W

L`shj`s Stk`hrW ZQ bpp`brbfo`s, wkhok w`r` tbp`j bt \ho` Pfhv`rshty, tk`yw`r` tbc`f mf spòhbi tmurs bt FB_B bfj tk` Bstrmjmg`.‗

Fbturbiiy v`rymf` wkm l`fàht`j kmp`j tk` Ohty wmuij kmst gmr` Hft`rfbthmfbiGbtok`s. I`t‘s s``, wkm ìs` tm hfvht`=…Tmsshliy T`ru (Umrij # ?<), Lrbzhi (Umrij #??), mr Omiuglhb (Umrij #?:)‚tk`y `v`f kbj b Umg`f‘s t`bg hf Fbemyb.**

Jmf U``gsTkmtm armg ZZ Pfihght`j

(Omurt`sy _u` _bre`ft)

Jr. Kìhms AbrrìiArmg Pzmrhfbo‘s

Iè`fjs, :?<

Kmustmf‘s Amfj`‘ \òr`bthmf O`ft`r



<4:

_@I@OZ@J FMZ@_.*H jmf‘t tkhfc Lhii tkmuekt k` wbs emhfe tm t`bok Fhxmf kmw tm us` okmpsthocs, lut k`

jhj s`fj tm khg bfj, vhb tk` Tr`shj`ft, tm Okmu @f-ibh hf tbfj`g tk` gmst l`buthauiiy abskhmf`jr`j okmpsthocs hf stuffhfe emij kmij`rs. Fhxmf, kmw`v`r, s`ft tk`g lboc, sbyhfe k` wbs smrry lut k` omuijf‘t tbc` tk`g tm Okmu. _m ha Gbri`fs omuijf‘t ehv` tk`g tm twm K`bjs ma _tbt ,

wkm‘j l` f`xt l`st tm kbv` tk`g=…Gbrty \`hsgbf, ma omurs`.**Bk, w` kbv` b pmsshli` ihbhsmf hf Omimglhb wkm khgsìa hs tryhfe tm gbc` omftbot.Nhg Ièe`tt ma Lmemtb, wkm `brih`r kbj ihv`j hf Aimrhjb, ihc`s tm wrht` I`tt`rs tm tk` @jhtmr ma Zmphos ‛obus` k`‘s hftm t.t. B 0‘, 22,‗ 254-pmufj, ?0-y`br-mij, k`‘j `spòhbiiy ihc` ’tmomrr`spmfj‗ whtk b 21-<0-y`br-mij @feihsk-sp`bchfe ibjy, 2<4 pmufjs, k`hekt hggbt`rhbi, wkmjm`sf‘t jrhfc mr sgmc`, bfj wkm, gmst hgpmrtbftiy, pibys tbli` t`ffhs bs b spmrt. K` sbys kòbf‘t piby hf tk` Omimglhbf Fbthmfbi Okbgphmfskhps lòbus` tm ft`r ymu kbv` tm l` hf tk`

tmp 0 ma ymur oiul. Ma omurs` k` omuij em bfj wbtok, phoc mut bf bttrbothv` wmgbf piby`r,stbrt ly bschfe k`r amr k`r butmerbpk, ahrst amr khgsìa, tk`f, ibt`r, mf` amr b arh`fj, `to. Mr kòmuij wrht` Gbrhbff` _zbiby, bfj s`` wkbt gutubiiy ghekt l` brrbfe`j hf Kmustmf.

Zk`r`‘s bism _bg Mefhl`f`, b chfjr`j smui

mut ma Lbilmb hf tk` Obfbi ^mf`. Hf b Zmphos I`tt`r k` tìis us tkbt ibst Gbrok k` rbf bf ;4-`ftry G`f‘s

tmurfbg`ft hf tk` Obfbi mf` (wmf ly Okhf`s` piby`rs armg Tbfbgb). Fmw k`‘s tryhfe tm stbrt bimobi bfj/mr b khek sokmmi oiul, pbrthouibriy ha smg`mf` omuij s`fj khg b spìi`j-mut ombokhfe prmerbg. Lut ’spbo` gust l` biimtt j ly tkèmv`rfg`ft,‗ bfj wk`f k` sbys k` kbs hf ghfj : tm

1 tbli`s, ’tk`hr nbws jrmp.‗ _thii, tkhs abii, kmphfe tm l` kìp`j ly tk` Brg`j _`rvho`s \bjhm bfj ZQf`twmrc, k` a`ìs k`‘ii l` bli` tm stbrt b Kbfjhobp

I`beu` (gbyl` <: t`bgs, smg` ma tk`g, k` kmp`s,whtk wmg`f piby`rs)….

Fmw nugp ?4 y`brs tm Jr. \bygmfj J.

_pbff‘s ’_`fhmr ma tk` Gmftk‗ brthoi` mf _bg hftk` Fmv./Jò., <44? hssu` ma tk` P_B Zbli` Z`ffhs

Gbebzhf . Zk`r` w` i`brf tkbt _bg‘s tk` chfj ma hgbehfbthv` euy wkm, mfo` vhshthfe Eubt`gbib bfj wbfthfe tm piby tbli` t`ffhs smg`wk`r`,shgpiy kìj up khs tbli` t`ffhs rboc`t bs obls jrmv` ly ufthi mf` phoc`j khg up bfj tmmc khg tmb pibo` tm piby. Zkhfc k` wbs suoo`ssaui bt Lbilmb Khek=…

’…SUhtkW kìp armg khs stuj`fts, Sk`W r`fmvbt`j tk` upp`r aimmr ma bf

blbfjmf`j sokmmi luhijhfe bfj omfv`rt`j ht hftm b tbli` t`ffhs o`ft`r. Pshfe khs mwfgmf`y, Mefhl`f` purokbs`j shx tbli`s, b tbli` t`ffhs rmlmt bfj v`f bhr omfjhthmfhfe.Zk` stuj`fts…w`r` bli` tm piby làmr` sokmmi, jurhfe iufok bfj bat`r sokmmi.Mefhl`f` `fomurbe`j bfj g`ftmr`j tk` stuj`fts bs tk`y gbj` tr`g`fjmus prmer`ss.

Zk` abohihty wbs tk`f gbj` bvbhibli` amr piby`rs armg Tbfbgb Ohty amr twm fhekts bw``c. Zk` pmpuibrhty ma tbli` t`ffhs hf tk` br`b limssmg`j …‗ (?4).

_bg Mefhl`fÀrmg P_BZZ Gbebzhf`, Fmv/Jò, <44?, ?4



<40

Okbpt`r _hxt``f

2852> @bst`rf Abii Zmurfbg`fts.

Hf gy Zmphos wrht`-up ma Tkhibjìpkhb‘s Nuf` Rubc`r Ohty Mp`f, H kbj, bs usubi,

`stblihsk`j b ’vmho`,‗ lut tkhs thg` bf ufusubi mf`‚H obg` tkrmuek bs quht` whtkmut f`rey(H‘j jmf` bf `fmrgmus bgmuft ma wmrc shfo` r`turfhfe armg Okhfb), bfj wbs hrrhtbt`j tkbt gymij`r smf _omtt ’kbj tm piby aìimw Imfe Hsibfj`r Nàa ^bcbrhf twm strbhekt gbtok`s (tk` mf` hftk` ahrst rmufj, tk` mtk`r hf tk` sòmfj) hf tk` Lmys 2? bfj 20.‗ H wbs bism v`ry jhsomurbe`jtkbt tk`r` kbjf‘t l``f bfy rmufj rmlhf gbtok`s amr `htk`r _omtt, nust turf`j 24 b a`w jbys`brih`r, mr @rho, sthii 5, tm piby hf. H aìt tkbt tk` mrebfhz`rs jhjf‘t obr` wk`tk`r gy lmys bfj Hjrmv` jmwf armg Imfe Hsibfj bfj sp`ft $:0 hf `ftry a``s, mr fmt. Zk` trhp, `spòhbiiy shfo` H‘j

l``f v`ry thr`j, nust jhjf‘t s `g wmrtkwkhi`. U` emt l`bt `briy bfj iàt briy. Hf tk` gmmj Hwbs hf, H lèbf tm tkhfc (tkmuek surìy fmt s`rhmusiy=) tkbt gbyl` gy chjs wmuij l` l`tt`r maa hf bfmtk`r spmrt, bfj hfjhobt`j bs guok hf gy hfomgpi`t` wrht`-up.Uhtkmut pursuhfe tryhfe tm e`t tk` r`suits ma tk` tmurfbg`ft armg

Tkhiiy‘s @rhok Kbrhfe (H aìt tkbt, bs @bst`rf \èhmfbi Jhròtmr, k`skmuij kbv` s`ft tk`g tm g`), H sfhp`j bt khg bs l`hfe ’amr smg`

thg` fmw‗ b ’pkbftmg‗ Jhròtmr.Gbi Bfj`rsmf ibt`r r`spmfj`j hf Zmphos tkbt ’ht wbs v`ry

jhaahouit amr b \èhmfbi Zmurfbg`ft Jhròtmr tm s`fj mut tk` r`suitswk`f k` hs hf Tu`rtm \hom mf lushf`ss,‗ bfj tkbt H mw`j khs arh`fj@rhok bf bpmimey. Ukhok…H gby kbv`. Bitkmuek H‘ii skmrtiy `xpr`ssgy mwf tbc` mf tk` f`xt Tkhibjìpkhb tmurfbg`ft, tk` Ihl`rty Lìi

Mp`f, H‘ii i`t Gbi omfthfu` mf (ZZZ , Fmv.-Jò, 2852, <1) whtk khsomv`rbe` ma tkhs Mp`f.

U` i`brf tkbt tk`r`‘s b f`w Tkhiiy Oiul mf Nufhp`r _t.‚whtk

tk` pmt`fthbi tm l` tk` l`st hf tk` @bst. Ht kbj ’8 tbli`s,‗ er`btihekts (’`hekt-ammt aiumrso`ft tul`s‚blmut 244 ammt obfji`s bt tbli` i`vì‗), bfj ’b wmmj`faimmr (wkhok f``js gmr` wmrc).‗ Gbi sbys tkbt, tkmuek tk` Oiul rbhs`j hts prho`s amr tk`

`v`fts, tk`y jr`w b wkmpphfe 2<5 `ftrh`s. Amrtufbtìy, tk` mrebfhz`rs, hf bjjhthmf tm tk`hr : tk

aimmr oiul, w`r` bli` tm r`ft tk` ?rj aimmr bs wìi, ehvhfe tk`g 2? tbli`s hf bii. Kmw`v`r, amr bomupi` ma r`bsmfs, tk` thg`-sok`jui`j gbtok`s kbj lrmc`f jmwf, bfj tk` tmurfbg`ft wbsf‘tomfoiuj`j ufthi ? b.g!

Jhròtmr K`rl Qhokfhf wbs omfahj`ft, kmw`v`r, tkbt thg`-sok`juihfe wbs tk` wby tm emhf autur` tmurfbg`fts, bfj wrmt` b i`fetky brthoi` hf Zmphos (Fmv.-Jò., 2852, <5) obràuiiy

j`tbhihfe hf okrmfmimehobi mrj`r tk` fò`ssbry st`p-ly-st`p pr`pbrbthmfs (hfvmivhfe, amr `xbgpi`, ’jrbw sk``ts wkhok ihst tk` thg` bfj tbli` fugl`r amr `bok gbtok, bimfe whtk tk`

gbtok fugl`r bfj `v`ft…`bok piby`r‘s hfjhvhjubi thg`-sok`jui`j sk``t…gbtok obrjs hfbjvbfo`…p`mpi` l`khfj tk` j`sc wkm cfmw wkbt ymu br` tryhfe tm jm…Sbfj tk` f``j amr c``phfeW bt i`bst mf` swhfe tbli`‗). Jmf‘t j`vhbt` armg ymur sok`juihfe, K`rl wbrf`j‚jmf‘t,amr hfstbfo`, i`t ’piby`rs jòhj` wk`f mr wk`r` tk`y whii piby,‗ mr boo`pt ’bfy ufsok`jui`j

jmuli`s `ftrh`s.‗ Hf G`f‘s qubrt`r‘s gbtok`s, Ihg Ghfe Okuh hf b ’whij omuft`r-jrhvhfe gbtok,‗

jà`bt`j Bi`x _khrmcy, ?-4. Bi`x ’gmv`j tmm abr lboc tmm smmf‚sm Okuh ’us`j tk` bfei`s bfjk` bism kht hf smg` omuft`rjrhv`s armg tk` lbrrh`rs.‗ Luch`t l`bt T`t`r _t`pk`fs omgamrtbliy3

@rhok Kbrhfe -

fmt b lr`bok tm l` s``fTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



<41

bfj Ghtok _`bithì kbj b quhoc whf mv`r Lmeebf. ’\ml`rts bshiy kbfji`j T`ffsyivbfhb okbgpJbffy _``ghii`r (wkm l`bt Jbv` Tkhihp). Jbf omuij immp bfj kht bebhfst \mllh`, lut ghss`jgbfy jrmp skmts wk`f khs chiis w`r` r`turf`j, bfj \mllh` v`f wmf b a`w pmhfts ly khtthfe!(Zkbt bfth-tmpsphf spmfe` kbs kìp`j \mllh`‘s khtthfe bfj kbsf‘t kurt khs jà`fs` bt bii.‗)

Hf tk` mf` s`gh‘s, \ml`rts jmwf`j Okuh <4, 2;, -<<, 20. ’Bt 2;-bii hf tk` ahrst ebg`,

Okuh obuekt b iè orbgp. \mllh` kìp`j gbssbe` ht. Ihg swbiimw`j smg` sbit bfj Ebtmrbj`,s``g`j tm ròmv`r, lut omuij mfiy whf tk` ?rj ebg`.‗ Hf tk` mtk`r s`gh‘s, lmtk Luch`t bfj_`bithì limoc`j lbockbfj bfj chii`j amr`kbfj, lut L`rfh` kht gmr` hf.‗

Zk` ahfbi (amr wkhok Gbi wbs bothfe bs thg`-c``p`r=) sbw Luch`t whf tk` ahrst twmebg`s armg \ml`rts‚<2-21 (24 ghf.), <2-2; (2?>04). Lut tk`f k` ’s``g`j tm thr`‗ (ht wbsbat`r < b.g.) bfj ’khs chiis stbrt`j ghsshfe. \mllh` wmf tk` ? rj, <2-5 (1>?4) bfj tk` :tk <2-25(2?>00).‗ Zk`f, hf tk` 0tk…

’L`rfh` ghss`j b kbfebr bt 2;-bii, bfj tk` xp`jht` rui` ahfbiiy obg` hf bt 2;-28. L`rfh` th`j ht up mf khs s`rv`, lut \ml`rts kht mf` tkru mf khs, bfj tk`f L`rfh` khthftm tk` f`t tm `fj tk` gbtok. Bt thg`s L`rfh`‘s jà`fs` immc`j bs emmj bs \ml`rts‘,

bfj \ml`rts‘ khtthfe immc`j bs emmj bs L`rfh`‘s!‗ SUhff`r emt $04, ruff`r-up $?0,s`ghahfbihsts $<4.W

Mtk`r r`suits> Umg`f‘s> Lbrlbrb Cbghfscy ‟;, ;, <4 mv`r Biho` Er``f ’wkm omuijf‘tkht < lbiis hf b rmw.‗ G`f‘s Jmuli`s> T`t`r _t`pk`fs/Jbv` Tkhihp mv`r E`mre` Lrbtkwbht`/Bi`x_khrmcy. Ghx`j Jmuli`s> Luch`t/Cbghfscy mv`r _t`pk`fs/Gbreu`rht` Lurf`tt. G`f‘s B> Lhii_kbrp` mv`r Jmmf Umfe. (Lhii ’kbj wmrc`j bt tk` oiul armg ;>?4 TG Arhjby tm ?>?4 BG,‗

tk`f ’w`ft tm wmrc _bturjby gmrfhfe bt 0>:4 BG whtkmut bfy si``p,‗ tk`f ’obg` strbhekt tmtk` tmurfbg`ft armg wmrc.‗) Umg`f‘s B> Gurhì _t`rf. B Jmuli`s> _t`pk`fs/Umfe mv`r _mi_okhaa/_hj Nbomls. Oibss L> twm kbrj rull`r piby`rs hf tk` ahfbi‚whtk K`rl Kmrtmf‘s phocsehvhfe khg tk` whf mv`r Nbomls. Oibss O> @ghi` _kmrt mv`r Erè Tibstrhc. Omfsmibthmf> _kmrt

Lhii _kbrp`, 285< TB Okbgphmf

Tkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf Lbrlbrb‘s lboc! @ghi` _kmrt



<45

mv`r N`rryAi`hsokkboc`r.@squhr`‘s> NhgQ`rtb mv`r E`mre`\moc`r. _`fhmr‘s>

Lmeebf mv`r Kmrtmf. Lmys 25>Jbf _``ghii`r mv`r Bfjy Bfvìtwkm‘j 28, -<4, 28cfmoc`j mut F.X.O.‘s Tibstrhc

pibyhfe hf khs ahrsttmurfbg`ft. Ehris25/20> Gurhì_t`rf mv`r Nubfhtb

_bftbfb.20‘s> Zhggy Kmus` mv`r Tibstrhc. 2?‘s> Kmus` mv`r Ghc` _t`rf. Nufhmr Jmuli`s>_``ghii`r/Lhii ^bt`c mv`r Bfvìt/_t`v` Umia. @brih`r, tk` _``ghii`r/^bt`c t`bg imst b ebg` tm

tk` _okfhoc lmtk`rs ::-:<!Gy wha`, _biiy, jhj fmt boomgpbfy mur smfs bfj g` tm Tkhibjìpkhb, lut sk` jhj kbv` b

a`w tkhfes tm sby hf b omupi` ma Zmphos brthoi`s blmut ’tk` ’ufamrtufbt` pihekt ma tk` fmf- pibyhfe wha`.‗ Kmw sk` wmuij kbv` ihc`j tm kbv` emf` tm Okhfb, ihc` k`r arh fj Nbhrh \`s`c, lut ht wbsf‘t pmsshli`. Ukhi` H wbs hf abr bwby T`chfe prbothohfe ’Jhpimgboy,‗ sk`‘j mf mf`moobshmf s`rv`j bs b sulsthtut` t`bok`r amr b jhsousshmf ma ’Gbrrhbe` bfj tk` Abghiy,‗ bfj tkbt

emt k`r tm tkhfchfe tk` gmr` kmw sk` wbsf‘t tmm kbppy blmut l`hfe iàt ’whtk twm smfs bfjtk` r`spmfshlhihty ma tbchfe obr` ma tk` kmus` amr amur w``cs.‗ Hf abot, bt tkhs pbrthouibr thg` hfmur ihv`s, `v`f wk`f H wbs kmg`, H mat`f wbsf‘t tk`r` amr b abghiy jhff`r, wkbt whtk t`bokhfe

mf smg` fhekts bfj mf mtk`rs emhfe maa tm ’Zk` Ohty,‗ tm tk` t.t. oiul.Kmw blmut _biiy k`rsìa tbchfe up tk` Ebg`= Fmt b okbfo`. ’H kbv` fm hft`fthmf, fm

gbtt`r kmw skmrt tk` suppiy ma ghx`j jmuli`s pbrtf`rs hs, tm jm smg`tkhfe pulihoiy tkbt H jm

sm lbjiy.‗ Kmw blmut ha _biiy bfj Zhg em jbfohfe= Fmt b okbfo`‚’ymu‘j ufj`rstbfj wky ha ymu‘j jbfo`j whtk Zhg.‗ _bys _biiy, ’Uhtk Zhg, ymur wkmi` smohbi iha` r`vmiv`s brmufj wk`ftmurfbg`fts br` fmt. Ha ymu br` sm ammihsk bs tm pibf bk`bj bfj sok`jui` smg`tkhfe hf bjvbfo`,sby b gmftk mr sm, tk`f v`ry ihcìy ymu whii kbv` tm `htk`r okbfe` ht mr fmt em lòbus` b ibtàiy`r bffmufohfe b tmurfbg`ft mf tkbt jbt` kbs bpp`br`j. Mf` abr`s l`st ly mfiy s``hfesmohbiiy mtk`r tbli` t`ffhs abghih`s.‗ Zk`f ma omurs` ma ibt` tk`r` wbs tk` ’ermwhfe obfo`r‗ ma

Zmphos tbchfe mv`r mur ebrbe`, lbs`g`ft, oims`ts. Bfj fmw, wmrj kbs `v`f emtt`f tm _biiy tkbtH hft`fj tm ruf amr Tr`shj`ft ma tk` P_ZZB bebhfst Nboc Obrr‚bfj whtkmut ehvhfe up gy

@jhtmrskhp.’H jmf‘t cfmw wkm tk` P_ZZB Tsyokhbtrhst-hf-\`shj`fo` gby l`,‗ Zmphos omiugfhst

Jmf Euff kbj wrhtt`f hf khs Fmv.-Jò. ’Euff _kmts,‗ lut ’hf bfy obs` k` hs prmlbliy tmm lusy whtk Lmeebf tm kìp bfy ma tk` r`st ma ymu.‗ _m, r`bj r, omfshj`r ymursìa wbrf`j bs H

pr`s`ft bfmtk`r ma gy tk`-wby-ht-wbs brthoi`s, ’Uky, X st`rjby, H Emt Gbj Hf Tkhibjìpkhb.‗Bs ymu‘v` `brih`r l``f prhvy tm kmw jhsomurbe`j H wbs bt tk` sugg`r Rubc`r Ohty

tmurfbg`ft, bfj kmw H jhjf‘t kbv` b fho` wmrj tm sby blmut tkbt tmurfbg`ft, ymu gby wmfj`r bt gy r`bothmf tm rò`hvhfe bf `ftry libfc amr Tkhiiy‘s abii Ihl`rty Lìi Mp`f. Fbturbiiy suok

Nhg Q`rtbTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf

Erè Tibstrhc Tkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



<4;

hfvhtbthmfs br` kbrj tm r`shst. @bok tmurfbg`ft ehv`s gy lmys bfj g` b okbfo` tm sp`fj tk`jby tme`tk`r, jmhfe smg`tkhfe w` ihc` tm jm. Ht‘s emmj, H tkhfc, tkbt _omtt bfj @rho piby amr c``ps‚tm whf. Zkbt tk`y i`brf kmw tm omfo`ftrbt` tk` gmr`, bfj i`brf kmw, omfsohmusiy mr ufomfsohmusiy, tm jhsohpihf` tk`gsìv`s hf mf` ma tk` gbfy oibssrmmgs ma iha`.

Erbft`j H strmfeiy `fomurbe` (j`gbfj=) khek s`rhmusf`ss armg tk`g wk`f tk`y piby,

erbft`j H‘g b kbrj sokmmigbst`r (fmt tm sby ombok), sthii, tm smg` wkm cfmw g`, ht hs, p`rkbpsufamrtufbtìy, bigmst tk` mfiy thg` H‘g strhot whtk tk`g. O`rtbhfiy H jm fmt, amr `xbgpi`, wbsktk`hr gmutks mut whtk tk` moobshmfbi ambg ma gy wrbtk. Fm, ihc` g`, ihc` bfymf`, tk`y gby e`t nusthahbliy bfery, gby mat`f k`br mr us` tkms` wìi-cfmwf amroàui wmrjs ma iha .

Hj`biiy, tk` hf`vhtbli` jhrt bshj`, H wbft _omtt bfj @rho tm btt`fj b oiul wk`r` tk`y obfwbtok bfj tbic tm bfj piby whtk tk` gmst prma`sshmfbi ma piby`rs (ihc` Luch`t mr \ml`rts), amr Htkhfc tkbt ufi`ss b lmy jm`s tkhs k` whii ihcìy f`v`r l` bli` tm e`t v`ry emmj. Bfj ha k`‘s fmt

v`ry emmj, k`‘ii `htk`r l` bpt tm quht, mr, wkbt hs armg gy pmhft ma vh`w wmrs`, bpt tm kbv` tmmguok bgbtùr hf khg, sm tkbt, j``p jmwf, ht wmf‘t gbtt`r `fmuek tm khg wk`tk`r k` whfs mr ims`s. Bfj nust bs gy abvmrht` pm`t, C`bts, sbhj, ‛tk` `xoìi`fo` ma `v`ry Brt hs hts hft`fshty,‗ smH sby tk`r` hs fmtkhfe wmrs` amr tk` hgbe` ma mur Ebg`, mur Brt, tkbf tmurfbg`fts mr

`xkhlhthmfs wk`r` ht‘s oi`br tk` piby`rs nust br`f‘t putthfe mut tk`hr bii. _m ht hs hf bfy spmrt.Mf` r`bsmf H‘g sm hft`fs` whtk gy lmys hs lòbus` H, Zhg Lmeebf, wbft tk`g tm obr`

pbsshmfbtìy blmut tbli` t`ffhs bfj sthoc whtk ht‚bt i`bst ufthi H gys ia kbv` tm ehv` ht up.Ukbt ma omurs` tk`y‚_omtt Lmeebf, @rho Lmeebf‚whii wbft bs iha` em`s ly hs bfmtk`r gbtt`r, bfj sm‚wkbt bg H tm jm, chii wkbt H imv`=‚tk`r` br` fm rmlmt-ihc` jrhiis, bfj bigmstfm prbotho` s`sshmfs bt bii l`tw``f tmurfbg`fts wk`f gy lmys br` hftm pibyhfe mtk`r spmrts.Amr tk` gmst pbrt tk`y jm wkbt tk`y wbft tm jm. Mfiy, bs H sby, p`rkbps ht‘s tk` prh`st mr tk`sokmmit`bok`r hf g`, smg` ahst-skbchfe jhsohpihf` mf gy pbrt biwbys s``gs fò`ssbry.

Zm put ht bfmtk`r wby, gy mwf prhj` bfj pbsshmf, H kmp`, whii l` gy lmys‘. Zk`y br`,hfj``j, bs tk` sbyhfe em`s, ’gy prhj` bfj nmy.‗ Gy l`hfe, H kmp`, whii l` tk`hr l`hfe. Ht hs, ha ymu obf l`br amr b gmg`ft tk` k`bvy ormss ma gy Obtkmiho lmykmmj, tk` omfs`qu`fo` ma

Iuoha`r‘s abii, Bjbg‘s shf, tkbt tk` shfs ma bfy abtk`r br` vhsht`j upmf khs okhijr`f. Ht hs K`rmj‘sk`r`jhty tm gbc` suok sborhaho`s. Pithgbtìy, pbrt ma Emj tk` Abtk`r‘s Erbfj Hiiushmf tm gbc`gbf hf Khs hgbe`, ar`` bfj prmuj.

Fm, H kbv`f‘t amremtt`f _biiy‘s hrr`pibo`bli` pbrt hf tk`hr ihv`s bfj ghf`, bfj tkbt ht‘sspòhahobiiy tk` Ihl`rty Lìi Mp`f H‘g tm tbic blmut hf tkhs brthoi`. Zm e`t lboc tm tkbt `ftry libfc _biiy‘s rbtk`r r shef`j tm s``hfe, H jmf‘t kbv` tm l` r`ghfj`j ma mij L`f Arbfcihf‘s ihf`,’Fò`sshty f`v`r gbj` b emmj lbrebhf.‗

Zk` gmg`ftbry qu`sthmf hs, bg H emhfe tm gbc` tk` < bfj ·-kmur jrhv` tm Tkhibjìpkhbbfj < bfj ·-kmur jrhv` lboc= Hs ht r`biiy wmrtk tk` àamrt bfj `xp`fs` tm tbc` gy 24-y`br-mij,

gy ;-y`br-mij tk`r`= Bfj y`t tk`r` br` sm a`w tmurfbg`fts….Immc, H obf‘t kbv` ht lmtk wbys.Ha H wbft tk` lmys tm piby s`rhmusiy, wkbt okmho` jm H kbv`= H‘v` emt tm omgght tk`g tm wk`r`

tk` bothmf hs.Ma omurs` ha H tbc` tk`g, H obf‘t `xpòt tk`g tm sht brmufj gmst ma tk` jby wkhi` H piby.

H‘v` emt tm c``p tk`g lusy, ìs` gbyl` tk`y‘ii f`v`r wbft tm em tm bfmtk`r mut-ma-tmwftmurfbg`ft bebhf, mr gbyl` bfy tmurfbg`ft bt bii, lòbus` tk`y‘ii l` lmr`j tm j`btk. Ukhok hs

`v`f wmrs` tkbf imshfe bebhf bfj bebhf b ahrst-rmufj gbtok. Bat`r bii, _omtt bfj @rho kbv` `bok l``f pibyhfe amr b wkhi` fmw, bfj e`f`rbiiy biwbys bebhfst mij`r lmys, sm tkbt tk` omfstbftjhsbjvbftbe` kbs tmuek`f`j tk`g up smg`‚bfj, sur`, tk`y‘j rbtk`r piby tkbf fmt. @v`f ha htimmcs ihc` tk`y‘ii ims`, tk`y‘ii jm tk` l`st tk`y obf.



<48

H kbv` tm aheur` r`bihsthobiiy tkbt @rho wmf‘t whf b gbtok ufi`ss smg` imobi chj uf`xpòt`jiyjòhj`s tm piby bfj tk` Zmurfbg`ft Omgghtt`` wbfts tm l` fho` bfj, bs w` jm hf Imfe Hsibfjtmurfbg`fts, try fomurbehfeiy tm pbhr khg up whtk smg`lmjy khs mwf sp``j. Bs amr _omtt, k`‘s emtb emmj okbfo` ma whffhfe gbyl` twm mr tkr`` gbtok`s mut ma bii tk` omglhf`j Nufhmr v`fts k`‘ii l` hf. _thii, amr bii tkms` kmurs, ht‘s fmt fmuek piby tm c``p twm lmys bothv`.

Ha mfiy tk` Zmurfbg`ft Omgghtt``‚K`rl Qhokfhf, @rhok Kbrhfe, Gbi Bfj`rsmf‚ wmuij ber`` tm kbv` b gmjhah`j rmufj rmlhf mr twm, mr `v`f b jmuli` ìhghfbthmf `v`ft ihc`_w``rhs jm`s hf Erbfj \bphjs mr Jhsf`y jm`s hf Ghff`bpmihs. H wrht` b fmt` tm Qhokfhf, tk`Zmurfbg`ft Jhròtmr, urehfe khg tm ehv` tk` chjs b lr`bc. H obf‘t kìp tkhfchfe tkbt Qhokfhf,Kbrhfe, Bfj`rsmf wmuij l` abr gmr` rò`pthv` w`r` tk`y‚mr nust mf` ma tk`g‚tm kbv` tk` p`rsmfbi hft r`st hf tk` Nufhmrs tkbt H kbv`, ha nust mf` ma tk`g kbj b smf mr jbuekt r wkm piby`j. Lut obf‘t tk`y s ` bfywby tkbt tk`y muekt tm try tm `fomurbe` tk` ymufest`rs tm omg`

tm tk`hr tmurfbg`fts=Birhekt, amr tkhs Ohty ma Lrmtk`riy Imv` tmurfbg`ft, H obii up gy Tmmr \hokbrj

prbothobi shj`> ’K` tkbt ihv`s upmf kmp` whii jh` absthfe.‗ H put tk` chjs hftm b fugl`r ma mtk`r,fmf-Nufhmr v`fts bs wìi, fj up sp`fjhfe bigmst $14 hf ftry a``s amr tk` tkr`` ma us. Ukhok

hs o`rtbhfiy wkbt ymu‘j obii suppmrthfe b tmurfbg`ft. Lut i`t‘s fmt jm ht kbia wby‚`htk`r wòmg` tm Tkhibjìpkhb tm piby bfj try tm whf, mr w` jmf‘t.

U` e`t up bt :>?4 tk`gmrfhfe ma tkhs mf`-jbytmurfbg`ft, phoc up tk` twm_kìi`y lmys wkm ihv` i`ss tkbf 20ghfut`s bwby, bfj w`‘r` maa. Bfj,y`s, w` brrhv` sbaìy bfj br` bgmfe

tk` ahrst tm mp`f tk` oiul. Bspbohmus f`w oiul‚whtk tmjby, btbfy `v`ft, 2? tbli`s tkbt obf l`

us`j amr piby. T`rkbps tk`y‘ii kbv`rmufj rmlhfs bat`r bii=

\hekt bwby w` lèhf

prbothohfe. Gy ;-y`br-mij‘somfo`ftrbthmf hs emmj, lut ht biwbystbc`s _omtt <4-?4 ghfut`s tm e`t

khs k`bj tme`tk`r. Ihc` g`, k` jm`sf‘t `fnmy prbothohfe‚k` biwbys wbfts tm sghi` bfj pibyebg`s, biwbys wbfts tm immc bt tk` spòtbtmrs bfj biwbys wbfts tk`g tm immc bt khg.

H k`br Qhokfhf `xpibhfhfe tm s`v`rbi p`mpi` tkbt tk` `v`ft prho`s amr tkhs mf`-stbr

tmurf`y (G`f‘s‚$03 B‘s‚$:.043 L‘s‚$:3 O‘s‚$?.04…) br` khek hf tk` kmp`s ma c``phfetk` ftrh`s jmwf (tk`y‘j bfthohpbt`j tk`y‘j kbv` mfiy 8 tbli`s tm piby mf). Pfamrtufbtìy, k`

sbys, tkbt jhjf‘t wmrc‚tk`y kbv` b ibre` `ftry, bfj wmuijf‘t kbv` boo`ss tm bf bjjhthmfbi :tbli`s ufthi ibt`r hf tk` gmrfhfe. @rrmi \`s`c, ghfjaui ma tk` hfor`bs`j `ftry a``s, wbs mf` wkmjìhl`rbtìy lmyomtt`j tk` tmurfbg`ft. Zk` $04 2st prhz` hf tk` G`f‘s, k` aìt, wbsf‘tomgg`fsurbt` whtk tk` gmf`y l`hfe tbc`f hf.

H tkhfc tm gysìa tkbt tkhs Tkhiiy tmurfbg`ft r`biiy o`ft`rs brmufj tk` Oibss B, Oibss L,Oibss O piby`rs‚tkms` piby`rs ghrrmr`j ly tk` ebg`s ma Qhokfhf, Kbrhfe, Bfj`rsmf, tk`hr Tkhibjìpkhb arh`fjs bfj boqubhftbfo`s. Ha tk`y r`biiy jhjf‘t wbft sm gbfy gbtok`s, wky br`tk`y kmijhfe b Oibss O= Umuijf‘t b Oibss B, b Oibss L kbv` l``f suaahoh`ft=

\hokbrj (I) bfj Ibrry _kìi`yTkmtms ly Kbrv`y _kìi`y



<24

Bs amr tk` P/2? Nufhmrs (bfj k`r` hf tk` hft`r`st ma ròmrjhfe smg` abots H gust e`t bihtti` bk`bj ma gy stmry‚tkhs brthoi` hs, bat`r bii, blmut wky H emt gbj, bfj, bs ymu obf s``, H‘gfmt gbj y`t), tk`r` br` 24 `ftrh`s. Nust `fmuek, H tkhfc, tm gbc` twm fho` rmufj rmlhfs.Tkhibjìpkhb hs r`pr`s`ft`j ly mfiy mf` piby`r, Lruo` Timtfhoc. Uhtk tk` `xo`pthmf ma F`wN`rs`y‘s Ghc` _t`rf, bii tk` mtk`r lmys kbv` omg` armg F`w Xmrc.

Ma omurs` H‘g tbichfe blmut Lmys k`r`, Zk` ftry libfc bismihst`j Ehris P-25, P-20, P-2?, lut tkms` `v`fts w`r` nust gòkbfhobiiyhfs`rt`j, whtkmut b tkmuekt bs tm wk`r` ehri-`ftrh`s wmuij omg` armg.(T`rkbps Lbithgmr`‘s Ghss _bftbfb wmuij rmufj up b jmz`f mr smarh`fjs armg k`r f`heklmrkmmj X bfj okbrt`r b lus bfj omg` mf upamr b auf jby bt tk` tmurfbg`ft= Fm= Uky fmt=)

Botubiiy tk`r` w`r` amur ehris wkm skmw`j. Ghss \`hfkbrt,

wkm amr smg` r`bsmf pbrthohpbt`j hf mfiy mf` `v`ft‚piby`j mf`gbtok bebhfst Ghss GoJmwìi tm whf tk` P-2?‘s. Ghss GoJmwìi piby`j mf` gbtok hf tk` 20‘s bfj mf` gbtok hf tk` 25‘s, lmtk bebhfstGhss _bftbfb wkm l`bt k`r 5, 24 bfj 0, 1. Zkbt iàt _bftbfb tm piby

Umg`f‘s B whff`r Gurhì _t`rf wkm bt mur f`xt Fbthmfbi‘s wmuij l`b s`ghahfbihst hf tk` Ehris Pfj`r 20. Zk`s` sm-obii`j v`fts omuij

kbrjiy kbv` l``f v`ry sbthsayhfe tm bfymf`. Kmw guok l`tt`r ht wmuij kbv` l``f tm us` smgòmggmf s`fs` bfj, rui`s mr fm rui`s, ghx tk` ehris hf whtk tk` lmys‚bfj ma omurs` piby smg`rmufj rmlhf gbtok`s. H‘ii kbzbrj tkbt wkbt tkhs f`w Tkhibjìpkhb oiul f``js hs b Nufhmr J`vìmpg`ft Okbhr.

H‘g r`ghfj`j ma Biho` Er``f bfj _kbzzh Aìst`hf wbfthfe tm piby hf tk` G`f‘s Oibss B,sm bs tm e`t smg` auf prbotho`, bfj fmt l`hfe biimw`j tm lòbus` ht wbs omftrbry (shfo` tk`r`

wbs b Umgbf‘s Oibss B) tm smg` rui` wrhtt`f jmwf smg`pibo` hf bf bigmst sòr`t gbfubi tkbtmfiy b rìbthvìy a`w p`mpi` hf tk` ufht`j _tbt`s, fmt tm sby tk` wmrij, immc`j bt mr obr`jblmut.

Zk` Lmys P-20 kbj b turfmut ma <:. Zk` P-25‘s b auii jrbw ma ?<‚wkhok wmrc`j mutfhoìy (fm f``j amr ly`s, `k=) `xo`pt ma omurs` amr smg`mf` ihc` _t`v` Umia wkm rmj` jmwfarmg F`w Xmrc bfj hf tk` 2st rmufj g`t Jbffy _``ghii`r ma tk` P._. Nufhmr Z`bg.

Uìi, tk`r` wbs biwbys Nufhmr Jmuli`s. Mfiy, shfo` tkhs `v`ft wbs sok`jui`j amr 1>?4 hftk` `v`fhfe‚Lmys P-20 lèbf bt 22>:4‚tk`r` wbs b imfe wbht amr gmst abtk`rs bfj smfs hf l`tw``f, `spòhbiiy wk`f hf botubi abot tk` Nufhmr Jmuli`s jhjf‘t e`t ufj`r wby ufthi bigmst 8>44. Lut smb tkhrj ma tk` `ftrh`s kbj iàt ly tk`f, sm wkbt= Ma omurs` ha tk`y omuij baamrj ht, Nufhmrs omuij piby hf tk`

hft`rv`fhfe Oibss `v`fts, rhekt=Lut, tkmuek H‘j `ft`r`j bfj pbhj tk`hr a``s

bk`bj ma thg`, nust e`tthfe gy twm lmys hftm tk` OibssB Jmuli`s wbs suok b kbssi`. H tkmuekt tkbt ;-y`br-mij@rho bfj L`rfh` Luch`t ghekt l` bli` tm c``p tk` lbii hf piby tme`tk`r. Lut ymu skmuij kbv` k`brj tk` lhtokhfe

tkbt lrmuekt amrtk. Uky, ht wbs bs ha smg`mf` ghektims` tm tk`g. ’Ha @rho obf piby whtk L`rfh`,‗ sbhj GbrtyZk`hi, tk` ?rj-rbfc`j shfei`s bfj 2st-rbfc`j jmuli`s piby`r hf T`ffsyivbfhb, ’tk`f H obf.‗

Nubfhtb _bftbfb

Gbrty Zk`hi...k`‘ii piby whtk L`rfh`



<22

_thii, Qhokfhf rhsc`j ht amr g`. Fm, L`rfh` bfj ihtti` @rho wmuijf‘t kbv` l``f s``j`j hftk` G`f‘s, fmr _omtt bfj H (w` w`r` tm ims` hf tk` 2 st rmufj ma tk` B‘s). Ibt`r, tkmuek, K`rlsbys tm g`, ’Immc, f`xt thg` i`t us gbc` tk` rui`s k`r`, i`t us ruf mur mwf tmurfbg`ft mur mwf wby. Xmu cfmw, H‘v` kbj tm i`t mtk`r piby`rs hf wkm wmuijf‘t mtk`rwhs` kbv` piby`j.‗(Gbyl` k` g`bft _t`pk`fs bfj Umfe wkm l`bt Qhokfhf bfj Lhii _kbrp` hf tk` ahfbi=)

Gy emj, 0 kmurs omgguthfe thg` bfj $14 `ftry a``s bshj`, ymu‘j tkhfc H wbs bschfemf` kìi ma b abvmr tm i`t gy chjs piby b ihtti` lht hf tk` tmurfbg`ft.Ma omurs` wkbt r`biiy gbj` g` gbj kbpp`f`j quht` `briy hf tk` jby. Bat`r wbrghfe up

_omtt bfj @rho, H w`ft mv`r tm immc bt tk` jrbw sk``ts. Zk`r` wbs tk` P-2? jrbw‚bfj, fm,tk`y w`r`f‘t kbvhfe b rmufj rmlhf, ht wbs shfei` ihghfbthmf. Bfj _omtt hf khs 2st gbtok wbs pibyhfe tk` #2 s `j Zhggy Kmus`. Xmu wmuijf‘t jm tkbt tm ymur wmrst `f`gy. Bfj hf tk` P-20‘s, hf tk` <fj rmufj, tk`r` bebhf, tkmuek r`p`bt`jiy tk`y piby bt tk` F`w Xmrc Oiul, wbs

Zhggy Kmus`. F`v`r ghfj tkbt _omtt kbj tm piby hf tk` P-25‘s, hf tk` ahrst rmufj, Ghc` _t`rf, wkm hf

b rò`ft tmurfbg`ft wbs vmt`j ’Zk` Gmst Trmghshfe Nufhmr‗ bgmfe tk` @bst Ombst rèuibrs,ht wbs `xpòt`j k`‘j ihcìy jrbw smg`mf` tmuek tk`r`.

Hf tk` 2?‘s bfj 20‘s ht wbs tk` sbg` bs ibst thg`. Hghekt nust bs wìi f`v`r kbv` wrhtt`f tk` Zmphos brthoi`, f`v`r

kbv` s`ft tk` fmt` tm Qhokfhf. Fmtkhfe kbj okbfe`j.Uìi, emjjbgght, H emt gbj. Ha H tkmuekt tk`y‘j

sphtàuiiy, jìhl`rbtìy gbfhpuibt`j gy lmy hftm tk` jrbws tkbtwby, H…H jmf‘t wkbt H wmuij kbv` jmf`. Lut, fm, H aìt htomuijf‘t l` p`tty gbiho`, H jhjf‘t wbft tm lìh`v` tkbt.Kmw`v`r, ht s``gs tm g` tkbt hf tk` ibst shx y`brs shfo` H

r`turf`j tm piby, tk` piby`rs bfj tk`hr mat`f omggmf-s`fs`r`qu`sts kbv` l``f r`p`bt`jiy sulmrjhfbt`j tm tk` blstrbotibws ma tk` P_ZZB ly b fugl`r ma maahohbis shgpiy lòbus` ht‘s

guok `bsh`r tkbt wby tm ruf b tmurfbg`ft. Zk` qu`sthmf ma l`hfe abhr bfj nust hs sm j`p`fj`ft mf tk` prms bfj omfs ma bok hfjhvhjubi obs`‚ihc` tkòmgpihobt`j `tkhos ma mf`‘s mwf iha`‚tkbt ht‘s guok shgpi`r fmt tm kbv` tm omfarmft bfy vhtbi

kugbf `gmthmfbi bpp`bi lut tm sby hrrbthmfbiiy, omijiy, ’Ukbt hs tk` \ui` mf tkhs=‗H aìt tkbt Qhokfhf, Kbrhfe, bfj Bfj`rsmf r`biiy jhjf‘t ehv` guok ma b jbgf blmut

Nufhmrs. Zkhrt `f tbli`s tk`y kbj, bfj, jurhfe tk` omurs` ma tk` imfe jby, bebhf bfj bebhf tbli`sw`r` vbobft ma gbtok`s. Kbj tk`y jòhj`j brih`r tm thg`-sok`jui` tk`g, tk`y omuij bshiykbv` piby`j rmufj-rmlhf gbtok`s amr tk` Lmys P-2?. _kmrt-stbaa`j bs tk`y w`r`, H gysìa wmuij kbv` ruf ht (bs tk` f`xt w``c H wbs tm ruf bf P-20 `v`ft hf Cbghfscy‘s Obphtbi Mp`f).

Zk`y omuij kbv` stbrt`j ht fmt bf kmur ibt` bs tk`y jhj, lut bt ;>?4, bfj ha tk`y‘j kbv` ehv`fg` twm tbli`s, H‘j kbv` kbj tk` `v`ft ahfhsk`j bt 22.

Ht‘s smg`tkhfe ma b pbrbjmx tkbt Qhokfhf, tkmuek k` sìjmg, ha `v`r, suppmrts btmurfbg`ft mutshj` khs mwf br`b, jm`s wbft tbli` t`ffhs, bt i`bst imobiiy, tm ermw‚bfjo`rtbhfiy ht wbs tkrmuek khs àamrts tkbt tk` ibre` f`w Tkhiiy oiul wbs amufj. Hf abot, hf gbfywbys, amr tk` luic ma tk` `ftrh`s, k` mrebfhz`j bfj rbf b emmj tmurfbg`ft.

Bs amr Bfj`rsmf, wìi, ymu obf‘t j`fy k` wmrcs kbrj tmm. Zmphos, bs ymu cfmw, kbs l``f kìp`j hgg`bsurbliy lòbus` H obf omuft mf khs pkmtmerbpks. Bfj H‘j k brj tkbt k`‘jkìp`j ymufe Timtfhoc tm hgprmv` khs ebg`. Lut tk` mtk`r Nufhmrs, Gbi, tk` mtk`r Nufhmrs, biitk` mf`s ymu jmf‘t s``, wkbt blmut tk`g= Bfj fmw, tk`r` bt tk` tmurfbg`ft bs H‘j l``f

Qho turf`j khs

lboc mf Zhg,

jhj k`=



<2<

omghfe bt khg kbrj, k` ihat`j up khs pbfts iè bfj skmw`j g` b lruhs` k`‘j smg`kmw emtt`f hfwmrchfe 2< strbhekt kmurs y`st`rjby pr`pbrhfe tk` oiul amr tkhs tmurfbg`ft. ’H wmrc bs kbrj bsymu jm amr tk` Ebg`!‗ k` omuft`r-sor bg`j, bfj amr mf` uflìh`vbli` gmg`ft H tkmuekt k`wbs emhfe tm tbc` b swhfe bt g`. ’Xmu‘r` biwbys tryhfe tm okbfe` tk` rui`s wk`f ht baaòts_omtt,‗ k` sbhj. ’Xmu‘r` fmt sm hft`r`st`j wk`f ht omg`s tm smg`mf` ìs`.‗ H jhjf‘t tkhfc tkhs

wbs tru`, lut `v`f ha ht w`r`, surìy mf` kbs b r`spmfshlhihty tm immc bat`r mf`‘s mwf.Qhokfhf, g`bfwkhi`, bat`r urehfe g` tm obig jmwf, khgsìa jrmpp`j tk` pms` ma r`bsmfbfj lèbf tkr`bt`fhfe g` whtk b i`tt`r k`‘j wrhtt`f bat`r gy ibst Zmphos wrht`-up.

’Ukbt i`tt`r=‗ H sbhj. ’Uk`r` hs ht= Ehv` ht tm g` bfj H‘ii prhft ht.‗’Fm,‗ k` sbhj. ’H nust wbft tm s`` ymur abo` wk`f ymu r`bj ht.‗’Uìi ehv` ht tm g`,‗ H sbhj. Lut amr smg` r`bsmf k` f`v`r jhj._hfo` tk`r` w`r`f‘t emhfe tm l` rmufj rmlhf gbtok`s, tk` mfiy omfo`sshmf H wbft`j

tk`g tm gbc` hf tk` P-2? jrbw wbs b tmc`f mf`, sm tkbt _omtt wmuij piby Zhggy Kmus` (tk``v`ftubi whff`r ma tk` P-2?‘s bfj P-20‘s) hf tk` <fj rmufj rbtk`r tkbf hf tk` 2st. Zkhs okbfe`hfvmiv`j gy ymufe`r smf @rho bfj tk` ymufe`r _kìi`y lmy, Ibrry. @rho wmuij fmw piby fmtIbrry lut Zhggy Kmus`, wkm wmuij l` fho` bfj ehv` khg prbotho`. @rho wbsf‘t emhfe tm whf hf

`htk`r obs`, bfj Ibrry, hfst`bj ma kbvhfe b imoc mv`r @rho, wmuij piby _omtt‚b abhr gbtok (tk`yw`r` ibt`r tm piby hf bfmtk`r `v`ft wk`r` _omtt wbs jmwf 21-2; hf tk` ?rj làmr` whffhfe).

Qhokfhf, wkm‘s o`rtbhfiy gmr` ai`xhli` tkbfKbrhfe mr Bfj`rsmf, botubiiy ber``j tm tkhs okbfe`, luttk`f b prmt`st wbs gbj` ly Imfe Hsibfj‘s Ar`j Jbff`r mf l`kbia ma khs smf Obri wkm‘j spiht gbtok`s whtk _omtthf tk` `brih`r @gphr` _tbt` Mp`f. Ha Obri wbft`j tm l`tk` #:tk s``j rbtk`r tkbf _omtt, tkbt wmuij l` bii rhekt

whtk g`, sm imfe bs _omtt jhjf‘t kbv` tm piby mf` ma tk`tmp s``js hf tk` 2st rmufj.

Bfj`rsmf, tkmuek, prma`ss`j tm s`` fmtkhfe

wrmfe whtk _omtt pibyhfe Zhggy hf tk` 2st

rmufj.’Lut ymu cfmw kmw wìi _omtt‘s piby`j tk` ibst

twm tmurfbg`fts,‗ H sbhj.

’Kmw skmuij H cfmw tkbt=‗ k` sbys hfjhefbftiy.’Xmu w`r` tk`r`,‗ H sby.’Lut H jmf‘t wbtok tk` 2?‘s,‗ k` sbys.Hrmfhobiiy, kmw`v`r, Ar`j Jbff`r, wkm‘j `brih`r mlnòt`j tm gy prmpms`j okbfe` hf tk`

jrbw, rèhst`rs khs prmt`st bt wkbt k` kbjf‘t r`bihz`j làmr`, tkbt _omtt wbs tm piby Zhggy hftk` 2st rmufj. Xmu obf hgbehf` kmw Qhokfhf f``js tm k`br tkhs.

Fmw bt gy r qu`st, Kbrhfe, bimfe whtk Lml Cbghfscy bfj Nhggy Q rtb, wkm br , mr w`r`, Fbthmfbi \bfchfe Omgghtt``g`f, lòmg` hft`r`st`j. Zk` \ui`s Gbfubi hs amufj, pbe`j

tkrmuek, `xbghf`j. @rhok wbfts tm cfmw mfiy ha tk`r`‘s l``f bfy lr`bok ma rèuibthmfs. Lmlwbfts tm cfmw ha, tkmuek k`‘s jmwf hf Ubskhfetmf, k` skmuijf‘t kbv` l``f omfsuit`jrèbrjhfe tk` P-2? jrbw.

Qhokfhf hs bsc`j kmw k`‘j s``j`j tk` `v`ft. ’U` s``j`j mf` bfj pibo`j twm,‗ k`

bfsw`rs.’Lut ymu obf‘t jm tkbt,‗ sbys Kbrhfe.’Uìi tk`f,‗ sbys Qhokfhf, ’w` s``j`j twm bfj pibo`j mf`.‗’F`v`r ghfj,‗ sbys Kbrhfe. ’Bat`r tk` jrbw‘s l``f pmst`j, ymu obf‘t okbfe` ht.‗

Ar`j bfj Obri Jbff`rTkmtm ly Jbffy Ebfz



<2?

’Lut tk` jrbw wbsf‘t gbj` omfsoh`fthmusiy,‗ H sby.’_thii, tk`r`‘s fm lr`bok ma rèuibthmfs,‗ sbys Kbrhfe.Bfj`rsmf ber``s. ’\hekt,‗ k` sbys. ’H mfiy cfmw mf` wby‚bfj tkbt‘s tm em ly tk`

lmmc. Ha ymu jmf‘t ihc` tk` rui s, okbfe` tk`g.‗Okbfe` tk`g, H tkhfc. Okbfe` kmw gbfy p`tty rui`s! ’B ammihsk omfshst`foy hs tk`

kmlemlihf ma ihtti` ghfjs‗ bfj mtk`r fbsty tkmuekts br` sobgp`rhfe tkrmuek gy ghfj.M.C., ahfbiiy tk`r` hs fmtkhfegmr` H obf jm. _omtt pibys ZhggyKmus` mfo`, twho`. Hf tk` P-25‘sk` pibys Ghc` _t`rf wkm, kbvhfeskmwlmbt`j bt tk` OF@ whtk_w``rhs, s``gs tm wbft tm jm gmr`

ma ht. _urprhshfeiy, _omtt hs up 2-4bfj uflìh`vbliy kbs khg <4-25gbtok pmhft hf tk` <fj. Zk`f k`sghi`s bt Ghc`, s`rv`s b abst, trhocy

s`rv`…maa! Ims`s tk` ebg`. Pp2;-25 hf tk` ?rj, k` ims`s tkbt mf`

tmm. H bg lmtk vhfjhobt`j ly khs piby bfj `xtr`gìy jhsbppmhft`j‚ `v`f, ymu ghekt sby, shoc bt k`brt.

Zurfs mut bfmtk`r abtk`r hstmm. F`w Xmrc`r Kmwh` Cmrgbfkbs bism imst b k`brtlr`bc`r tm _t`rf, jùo` hf tk` ?rj. Ht wmuij kbv` l``f b gbrvìmus whf amr

khg tmm. H obtok b eihgps` ma ymufe Kmwh` bfj khs abtk`r emhfe jmwf tk` stbhrs imfe làmr` tk`tmurfbg`ft hs mv`r, bigmst bs ha tk`y w`r` sf`bchfemaa. Ht‘s bs ha fm mf` kbs s``f tk` lmy piby, fm mf`

obr`s ha k` r`turfs bfmtk`r jby. Fm, Kmwh` hs fmtemhfe tm tk` P_MZO‘s.

Bat`r _omtt hs ahfhsk`j whtk khs ibst gbtok‚b

G`f‘s Omfsmibthmf‚ht hs pbst 22 p.g. Bfj bat`r bauii jby ma ok``rhfe gy lmys mf bfj ok``rhfe gysìa tkrmuek 1 `v`fts, H bg e`tthfe thr`j. Ht whii l`bfmtk`r <-? kmurs làmr` tk` G`f‘s ahfbi, làmr`Luch`t bfj \ml`rts whii l` pibyhfe hf armftma…wkm=…amr wkbt=

Zk` _kìi`y lmys, \hokbrj bfj Ibrry, bfj_omtt bfj @rho bfj H e`t hftm tk` obr tm k`bj amr

kmg`, bfj tk` twm ihtti` mf`s br` smmf abst bsi``p.Ht hs rbhfhfe st`bjhiy bfj tk`r` hs fm i`t up.H stmp mf tk` mtk`r shj` ma Tkhibjìpkhb tm

c``p bwbc`. Gy ihtti` ;-y`br-mij @rho (k` wmf tkbt

ahrst jmuli`s gbtok whtk L`rfh`, jùo` hf tk` ?rj,wmf bfmtk`r gbtok armg bf mij`r lmy bat`r l`hfe jmwf 1-4 hf tk` ? rj bfj oryhfe), k` nust obf‘tstbfj up bfy gmr` tm tk` pbo`, tk` pr`ssur`. K` bfj _omtt br` shtthfe smufj bsi``p bt tk`Kmwbrj Nmkfsmf‘s omuft`r.

Ghc` _t`rf> l`st tm c``p bf `y` mf...tk` pkmtmerbpk`rTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf

Kmwh` CmrgbfTkmtm ly Lhii Gbri`fs



<2:

U` e`t lboc hftm tk` obr, jrhv` mf bfmtk`r <4 ghi`s hf tk` rbhf, bfj H‘v` emt tm stmpbebhf. Gmr` omaa``. Fmw, tkmuek, H‘g j`t`rghf`j tm gbc` ht kmg` whtkmut bfy gmr` stmps. Bsht hs, ht whii l` bat`r ? b.g. wk`f H e`t tm l`j.

Omghfe jmwf tk` ibst :0-ghfut` str`tok, wbtokhfe tk` whp`rs em lboc bfj amrtk, bebhff`briy jmzhfe maa, H quhociy, hfsthfothvìy, kbv` tm sw`rv` kbrj tm bvmhj khtthfe b obr.

’UKBZ‘_ ZK@ GBZZ@\, OBF‘Z XMP J\HQ@!‗ b vmho` sor`bgs bt g`. Bfj fmwH‘g yìihfe, kmwihfe mut imuj bt gysìa, ourshfe, urehfe gysìa tm stby bwbc`, l` r`spmfshli`.Z`f ghfut`s ibt`r w` omg` tm b v`ry lbj boohj`ft. B obr kbs l``f omgpi`tìy

j`strmy`j. Amur amrg`r mooupbfts kujji` jbz`j mf tk` w`t erbss. _mg`mf` hs omv`r`j whtk b libfc`t wkm whii f`v`r sp`bc bebhf.

H r`ghfj gysìa tkbt tkhs hs ht. @v`f ha H bg nust blsurjiy, gbjiy, tbichfe tm gysìa k`r`,H‘v` emt tm stby bwbc`‚H kbv` tm sp`bc mut. Ht‘s fmt nust amr g`, tm c``p g` bihv`‚lut amr tk`

lmys…gy mwf ma omurs`, lut tk` mtk`rs tmm.Ht‘s mf` ma tkms` thg`s, H tìi gysìa, wk`f ht gbc`s s`fs` tm l` smg`tkhfe ma b

gbjgbf….Zkhs ’Uky H Emt Gbj‗ brthoi` jr`w Gbi Bfj`rsmf‘s ahr`‚

’ermssiy ufabhr,‗ k` obii`j ht (ZZZ , Nbf.-A`l., 285<, 21), tk`fìblmrbt`j>

’Xmur omgg`ft blmut g`, tkbt ‛amr mf` uflìh`vbli`gmg`ft H tkmuekt k` wbs emhfe tm tbc` b swhfe bt g`,‘ wbstmtbiiy bshfhf`. Ukbt r`biiy kbpp`f`j wbs tkbt bat`r ymusor`bg`j bfj rbv`j amr s`v`rbi ghfut`s, H yìi`j lboc. Zk`r`wbs fm pmsshli` tkr`bt ma vhmi`fo` mf gy pbrt. Ha H immc`j tkbt lbj tm ymu, kmw jm ymu tkhfc ymu immc`j tm g`, bfj tm

`v`rymf` is` tk`r`= Pfihc` ymu, Zhg, H‘v` f`v`r l``f choc`jmut ma b tmurfbg`ft amr ufomftrmii`j t`gp`rbg`ft. Pfihc`ymu, H‘v` f`v`r l``f hfvmiv`j hf b ahstahekt bt b tmurfbg`ft, mr

kht b spòtbtmr whtk b tkrmwf rboqu`t.* Bfj ymu s`` tkr`bts ma vhmi`fo` wk`f H rbhs` gy vmho`= H‘g c``phfe tkhs skmrt lòbus , ufihc` ymu, H jmf‘t tkhfc tk` g`gl`rskhp‘s ju s gmf y

skmuij l` sp`ft mf imfe brthoi`s wrhtt`f nust tm v`ft gy a`ìhfes.Zm tk` g`gl`rskhp> Zkhs gbf put tkhs fhf`-omiugf brthoi` hf ‛Zmphos‘ nust tm

sbthsay khs p`rsmfbi a`ìhfes, cfmwhfe auii wìi tkbt ‛Zmphos‘ luje`t hs bir`bjy wby mv`r-sp`ft. Bt tk` P_MZO‘s @.O. g``thfe Sj`tbhis hf b ibt`r okbpt`rW, k` kbj tm e`t bfhfor`bs` ma $<,444 ma mur kbrj-`brf`j jmiibrs nust tm c``p mp`rbthfe.* Uk`f pr`ss`jblmut khs luje`t mv`rruf, k` r`pih`j, ‛_m jmuli` tk` emjjbg ju`s!‘ Ha tk` @.O. ghfut`s

br` prhft`j hf tkhs hssu`, ymu obf bii r`bj tkbt k` jhj prmpms` tm jmuli` ymur ju`s. Jmymu tkhfc tkhs hrr`spmfshli` p`rsmf skmuij rò`hv` bfy omfshj`rbthmf wk`f ymu vmt` amr

pr`shj`ft ma tk` P_ZZB=Zhg, H trust ymu whii prhft tkhs làmr` tk` ìòthmf. Ht whii sbv` g` tk` trmuli` ma

s`fjhfe omph`s tm bii tk` baahihbt`j oiuls.‗

Zk`r` kbjf‘t l``f b tmurfbg`ft hf tk` Ubskhfetmf, J.O. br`b hf bigmst 0 y`brs, lutfmw, b w``c bat`r tk` Ihl`rty Lìi‘s rhfe sthii òkm`j, Lml Cbghfscy jòhj`j tm put mf tk`P._.B. Obphtbi Mp`f hf F`w Obrrmitmf, Gbryibfj. T`rkbps tkhs wbs b obtkbrshs ma smrts, amr H lìh`v`, mfiy tk` w``c l amr`, tk` imobi oiul kbj lurf`j jmwf.

Gbi v`fthfe



<20

Uk`r`bs H k`brj tk` p`mpi` hf Tkhibjìpkhb kbj gbj` $2,444 armg tk`hr 2-stbr, tk` mfiyobphtbi Cbghfscy omuij rbhs k`r`, bat`r bii wbs sbhj bfj jmf`, wbs $<44. Ma omurs` tkmuek k`wbft`j bii tk` `ftrh`s k` omuij e`t, khs bhg wbs sobroìy tm gbc` gmf`y. K` okbre`j, amr `xbgpi`, $2 amr Lmys P-25, fmt $? bs tk`y jhj hf Tkhibjìpkhb, $? amr G`f‘s, fmt $0 bs tk`yjhj hf Tkhibjìpkhb.

Bfj hf bfmtk`r s`fs`, tmm, bfj H‘g smrry tmkbv` tm sby ht, tkhs wbsf‘t b obphtbi mp`f‚wbs, hfabot, abr armg ahrst-rbt`. _bturjby gmrfhfe piby wbs hfb sgbii rmmg whtk 0 tmm-ormwj`j-tme`tk`r tbli`swkhi` w` w`r` c`pt wbhthfe amr tk` sokmmi‘s eyg‚ turfs mut b lbii`t oibss kbj ht ufthi fmmf. Bfj tk`fmfo` w` emt tk` eyg, tk` aimmr wbs sm sihpp`ry bs tm

prmv` bigmst ufpibybli`. Tiby`rs kbj tk`hr sf`bc rsbfj smocs maa. Bfj ht wbs bii mf` omuij jm tm p`rsubj` mf` lbràmmt @urmp`bf-oug-F`w Xmrc`r,gustbokhm`j Nm` Ghgmsm‚smg`thg`s obii`j

’Tmrtueu`s` Nm`‗‚armg tkrmwhfe oups ma sthocyomc` bii mv`r tk` f`w aimmr. Ukhok, ha tk` mlnòt wbs

tm `fj tk` tmurfbg`ft `briy, o`rtbhfiy wmuij kbv`jmf` ht.

Tibyhfe omfjhthmfs bshj`, kmw`v`r, ht wbs b pi`bsur` amr g` tm em tm Cbghfscy‘stmurfbg`ft‚tm l` wìomg`j, whtk gy wha` bfj chjs, bs b w``c`fj kmusèu`st hftm Lml bfjLbrlbrb‘s kmg`. Hf tkhs ruf-wk`r`-ymu-obf, wk`f-ymu-obf, wk`tk`r-ymu-obf-baamrj-ht-mr-fmttbli` t`ffhs wmrij, suok kmsphtbihty omg`s bs b sbvhfe erbo`. _khrmcy, Lrbtkwbht`, Luch`t, bfj

_okhaa, tmm, w`r` put up, bfj p`rkbps mtk`rs (Obri bfj Xvmff` Crmfibe` kbj maa`r`j tk`hr kmg`)‚bii ma us gbj` tm a`ì tkbt tk` mrebfhz`rs bppròhbt`j mur 0-kmur jrhv` tk`r`, bfj tk`sbg` lboc.

Botubiiy, amr smg` wkm‘j trh`j tm ahfj Emmj Iuoc \mbj, `htk`r tk` fhekt làmr` mr hftk` briy gmrfhfe, tk`r` w`r` prmli`gs. Obuekt hf tk` pbrbiiì ihf`s ma tk` Lìt tkbtuf`xpòt`jiy r`bj ’U`st‗ bfj ’_mutk‗‚bs ha tm jày tk` ibws ma spbo` bfj stbrihekt‚T`t`r

_t`pk`fs bfj arh`fjs jrmv` lboc bfj amrtk amr kmurs hf tk` jbrc tryhfe tm ahfj tk` rhekt `xht.Aubrfbjm \ml`rts, emhfe ht bimf`, ohroi`j rmufj bfj rmufj, bfj ahfbiiy ibfj`j. B quhoc pkmfòbii. X`s, k`‘j omg` ly pibf`. Omuij bfymf` pi`bs` omg` mut tm tk` bhrpmrt bfj phoc khgup=…Ukbt= Ukbt jm ymu g`bf, tk` tmurfbg`ft‘s hf Ubskhfetmf=…\mllh` wbs bt tk`Lbithgmr` bhrpmrt!

I`t‘s lèhf omv`rbe` whtk tk` Nufhmr‘s, bt i`bst twm ma wkmg, Ghc` _t`rf bfj \hokbrj

_kìi`y, bism kbj brrhvbi prmli`gs, amr k`bvy ame kbj oims`j tk` F.N. Zurfphc`. Zwho`tì`pkmf` obiis tm Cbghfscy kbj tm l` gbj`> ’U`‘r` omghfe, w`‘r` omghfe! Ti`bs` piby

brmufj us!‗Pfj`r 2?‘s. Uhtk tkbt orbzy-out rboc`t ma khs, _t`rf l`bt Lruo` Timtfhoc hf b t`rrhaho28,

-<4, <? ahfbi. Lruo` (wkms` jbj, _mi, tìis g` k` biwbys tbc`s ? luaa`rhf tbli`ts làmr` tk`Nufhmr gbtok`s) wbs bk`bj 2;-20 hf tk` ?rj, lut omuijf‘t kmij mf tm whf. Pfthi tk` sòmfj kbia

ma tk` <fj ebg`, Lruo` sbhj, k` kbjf‘t amufj tk` rhekt pbtt`rf ma piby. K`‘j l``f okmpphfeGhc`‘s s`rv`s bfj tmm mat`f pmpphfe tk` lbii up. Ukhok wbs b lhe ghstbc`, shfo` 22-y`br-mijGhc`, wkm‘j nust rò`ftiy wmf mf` ma tk` vbuft`j 21 spmts hf khs F.N. oiul‘s Zkursjby-fhekti`beu`, obf r`biiy swbt b amr`kbfj.

’Tmrtueu`s` Nm`‗ GhgmsmTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



<21

Pfj`r 20‘s. Imfe Hsibfj‘s Nàa ^bcbrhf l`bt_t`rf hf tk` s`gh‘s bfj Timtfhoc hf tk` ahfbi, lmtk hfstrbhekt ebg`s. Nàa‘s lboc pibyhfe wìi‚bfjhrmfhobiiy pbrt ma tk` r`bsmf ghekt l` tkbt khs rmlmt‘s lrmc`f. Uhtk tkbt chfj ma gòkbfhobi prbotho` k`

wbs kbvhfe trmuli` okbfehfe khs rkytkgs tm tk`jhaa`r`ft styi`s k` kbj tm g``t hf tmurfbg`ft piby.Lmys Pfj`r25‘s. Bfmtk`r Imfe Hsibfj`r,

\hokbrj _kìi`y, l`bt ^bcbrhf hf tk` s`gh‘s bfj_t`rf hf tk` ahfbi. Hf nust tk` ibst w``c \hokbrj kbjemtt`f ombokhfe armg \ml`rts. K`‘j l``f ushfekbia-j`bj spmfe`, kbj l``f stbfjhfe abr tmm uprhekt,

bfj kbj l``f c``phfe khs rboc`t guok tmm oims`j.\mllh` emt khg tm ormuok, tm mp`f up khs amr`kbfjstrmc`, bfj tm stmp sibgghfe lbockbfjs‚hfst`bj,k` wbs tm omfo`ftrbt` mf c``phfe tk` lbii hf piby

ufthi k` omuij s`t up tk` amr`kbfj chii. Ht gbj` biitk` jhaa`r`fo`.

Obf bfymf` sthii jmult tkbt ymu f``j bothv`fmt pbsshv` p`mpi` hf tkhs Ebg`, p`mpi` wkm br`hftm tk` tmurfbg`ft so`f`, piby`r-ombok`s wkmkbv` j`gmfstrbt`j tk`hr blhihty bfj obf l` immc`jup tm ly tk` ymufe. Zkhfes r`biiy gust omfthfu` tmokbfe` ha tk` _pmrt hs tm ermw. Ht‘s bgbzhfe tm ahfj

mut tkbt bs ibt` bs tk` ibt` 2804‘s, ht wbs gbfjbtmryhf tk` P._. Mp`f tm kbv` b _`fhmr Jmuli`s lut fmtb Lmys mr Ehris P-2?.

Ehris Pfj`r 25‘s. Ht‘s nust rhjhouimus tmghfji`ssiy kbv` b Ehris P-25 ha mf` kbs r`bsmf tm lìh`v` làmr`kbfj tkbt bigmst fm mf` whii skmw up

amr ht. Hf tk` ahfbi k`r`, Ghss _bftbfb l`bt GhssXmufe 1 bfj 4. Kmijhfe tkhs `v`ft (bfj tk` sbg`tkhfe kbpp`f`j ibst w``c) pr`v`fts _bftbfb armg pibyhfe whtk P-25 lmys (prà`rbliy hf b lèhffhfermufj rmlhf) wkm wmuij ehv` k`r tk` fnmyg`ft,tk` prbotho`, ma pbrthohpbthfe whtk tkms` sk` ghekt

l`bt mr ehv` oims ebg`s tm. Kmw imfe, ha abo`jwhtk suok stuphj bjk`r`fo` tm b rui`, whii sk` c``p

omghfe tm tmurfbg`fts=Umg`f‘s. Lbrlbrb Cbghfscy tmmc tk`

Umg`f‘s‚whffhfe hf tk` s`gh‘s <-2 mv`r Euybfb‘sGbreu`rht` Lurf`tt, wkm rò`ftiy tmmc thg` maa

armg k`r P.F. wmrc tm kbv` b lbly, bfj hf tk` ahfbi<-4 mv`r pr`tty, phe-tbhi`j Ihsb Xmmf, amrg`riy ma _mutk Cmr`b, wkm‘s fmw ihvhfe hf Ombok Nboc Obrr‘s Kbgptmf, Qhrehfhb br`b bfj wmrchfe hf tk` T[ bt Ibfei`y Bhr Amro` Lbs`.

Nàa ^bcbrhf...lboc mf khs ebg`Tkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf

_mutk Cmr`b‘s Ihsb XmmfTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



<25

Ghx`j Jmuli`s. Lurf`tt, kmw`v`r, kbj k`r whffhfe gmg`fts. _k` pbhr`j whtk T`t`r _t`pk`fs, bism armg Euybfb, tm whf tk` Ghx`j armg amrg`r Fbthmfbi Ghx`j OkbgphmfsLuch`t/Cbghfscy.

Umg`f‘s B‘s. Gbreu`rht` bism tmmc tk` Umg`f‘s armg <4-y`br-mij Xmmf wkm‘j omg`tm tk` _tbt`s tm ihv` whtk k`r shst`r bfj lrmtk`r-hf-ibw. Ihsb kbj l``f mf b _mutk Cmr`bf kheksokmmi t`bg tkbt w`ft tm Nbpbf tm piby. _k` us`j tm prbotho` 0-1 kmurs b jby bebhfst emmjomgp`ththmf bfj whsk`s sk` kbj tk` mppmrtufhty tm jm tkbt k`r`.

G`f‘s B‘s. Hf l`tw``f oi`bfhfe up tk` kmus` bat`r k`r twm ymufest`rs bfj ghf`, bfj pr`pbrhfe amr tk` pmst-tmurf`y pbrty sk` bfj Lml w`r` tm ehv`, Lbrlbrb, `jehfe mut GmrtEr``fl`re <8-<5 hf tk` ?rj hf tk` qubrt`r‘s, bfj NhgGoRu``f <?-<2 bfj <2-28 hf tk` s`gh‘s, emt tm tk` ahfbi.Zk`r` sk` wbs ahfbiiy l`bt`f ly K`rl Kmrtmf, ruff`r-up tmLmeebf hf tk` _`fhmr‘s‚mr p`rkbps H skmuij sby sk` wbs l`bt`f ly K`rlh`‘s hfor jhli`, bs ha t`rght`-rhjj`f rboc`t, tk`rull`r iht`rbiiy kbvhfe l``f stbpi`j mf tm tk` libj`.

G`f‘s L‘s. GoRu``f bism imst hf tk` s`gh‘s ma tk`L‘s‚tm ruff`r-up Bi`x Eìi`f, tk` Omfsmibthmf whff`r. L`sthf L‘s wbs \hokbrj Ok`f wkm lboc hf tk` qubrt`r‘s lbrìy l`bt mut 2<-y`br-mij Timtfhoc, 28 hf tk` ?rj.

G`f‘s _hfei`s. Zk` mfiy omft`st`j gbtok hf tk`G`f‘s qubrt`r‘s hs tk` t`fs` 0-ebg`r l`tw``f Okuh bfj

\ml`rts. Bat`r Ihg Ghfe imst tm \mllh` ibst w``c k` okbfe`j tm phps mut. Lut, jmwf <-4, tkbtjm`sf‘t s``g tm kbv` kìp`j khg. Mfiy fmw k` st`bjh`s, amre`ts blmut tryhfe tm kht mut, mr `v`f rmii tk` lbii, nust pusk`s bfj okmps whtk tk` wmmj`f shj` ma khs rboc`t, trh`s pbth`ftiy tme`t tk` `xp`jht` rui` hf….Bfj tkhs strbtèy wmrcs wmfj`rs‚k`‘s up 20-22 hf tk` 0 tk. Lut tk`fkìp`j ly twm lbockbfjs tkbt zhp hf, \mllh` th`s ht up. Okuh‘s b ihtti` rbtti`j= K` s`rv`s b abstmf`, maa‚fm, fmt maa, ht obtok`s tk` `je`. Bfj Ghfe‘s sbv`j armg quht` pmsshliy b lr`bchfe pmhft. \mllh , ups`t, gbc`s b puskhfe `rrmr. Lut k` omii ots khgsìa, e`ts bfmtk`r lbockbfjhf…ht‘s 2;-bii.

Bfj fmw hftm tkhs jrbgb `ft`rs tk` jùs x gbokhfb‚tk` xp`jht` rui`. Ukhok jm`sfmt prmvhj` b kbppy `fjhfe amr \mllh`. K`‘s iàt tm omgpibhf‚bfj whtk smg` nusthahobthmf‚ blmut tk` us` ma tk` ìòtrho oimoc hfst`bj ma b stmp wbtok, blmut tk` abot tkbt tk` tbli`s w`ròims` tme`tk`r bfj sm, lòbus` tk`r` w`r` fm lbrrh`r`j-maa omurts, strby lbiis r`p`bt`jiystmpp`j piby, wkhok Okuh p`rkbps tmmc bjvbftbe` ma ly tmwìhfe khgsìa gmr` tkbf wbsfò`ssbry, mr sm ht s``g`j, sm ht biwbys s``gs tm mf` wkm‘s imst ufj`r suok ohrougstbfo`s.

\`s`c, bat`r quhociy emhfe tkrmuek Lmeebf, hs hf tk` prmo`ss ma jmhfe sbg` tmLrbtkwbht bfj sm whii bjvbfo` tm tk` ahfbi. (’Mk,‗ sbys Zk` Okhà‘s wha`, G`ri`, ’gy kuslbfj.Gy kuslbfj, H‘v` f`v`r s``f khg piby sm lbj.‗) Okuh, g`bfwkhi`, gbj` quhoc wmrc ma

L`rfh`‚biimw`j khg mfiy ?1 pmhfts hf ? ebg`s. Gbyl` smg`mf` kbj omg` up tm Ghfe hf l`tw``f gbtok`s, ehv`f khg b lhe ihat ly omferbtuibthfe khg mf khs 1-pbe` spr`bj hf tk` Fmv`gl`r @squhr`= Bfywby, tkhs imss wbsf‘t tk` wmrst tkbt kbj làbii`f L`rfh` rò`ftiy….

Zkbt gmrfhfe bt tk` Cbghfscys, wk`f w` w`r` bii ihst`fhfe tm b ròmrjhfe ma XuiLryff`rs‘ shst`r shfehfe \usshbf smfes, L`rfh` obg` jmwf armg si``phfe ibt` bfj lèbf v`ry`xoht`jiy tìihfe us tkbt k` cf`w tk`s` smfes, tkbt ’tk`s` omg` mut wk`f H wbs tk`r`, ahekthfe,‗ lboc jurhfe Umrij Ubr HH, bfj kmw k` wmuij shfe tk`g bii, mf` bat r tk` mtk`r, >wk`f H kbv` bjbt`‗ bfj ’mk, kmw `bsy ht wmuij l` tk`f tm….‗

K`rl Kmrtmf whtk khs stbpi`j rboc`t



<2;

Fmw k` wbs tryhfe bebhf tm gmutk tk` wmrjs. @xo`pt tkbt k` wbs kbvhfe b ihtti`trmuli`. Lòbus` fmw s`v`rbi ma khs armft t``tk w`r` ghsshfe. ’H kbv` b ihtti` lrhje`,‗ k` wbstìihfe us ly wby ma xpibfbthmf. ’H kbv` b tmmtk puii`j. Bfj tkhs w`bc`f`j gy lrhje`, ymuufj`rstbfj= H ihv` mf tk` ;tk aimmr. H em tm tk` whfjmw. H jmf‘t tkhfc. H immc jmwf armg gykmus` bfj v`rytkhfe bii abii mut, ymu ufj`rstbfj= Bfj H f`v`r ahfj. Fmw Sk` sghi`jW H kbv` b

lhe j`fthst lhii. Zhggy, ymu put jmwf hf Zmphos ha bfy j`fthst hs hft`r`st`j hf kbvhfe b emmj phfe-pmfe ombok.‗***U`‘v` sthii tkbt G`f‘s ahfbi l`tw``f @rrmi bfj Ihg Ghfe tm piby, bfj bism tk` ahfbi ma

tk` G`f‘s Jmuli`s. Lut ht‘s e`tthfe v`ry ibt`. T`rkbps tk` tmurfbg`ft obf‘t l` omgpi`t`j. Zkòustmjhbf kbj l``f hssu`j strhot mrj`rs tm kbv` `v`rymf` mut ma tk` eyg ly ghjfhekt. Lut ma omurs` k`‘j l``f ehv`f b a`w gmr` jmiibrs bfj kbj `xt`fj`j khs j`bjihf` tm < b.g. Lut tkbt‘sht‚fm ibt`r.

Bebhfst Okuh, \`s`c kbs fm trmuli`‚bt i`bst hf tk` lèhffhfe. T`rkbps ht‘s tk` kbia ma eibss ma l``r Ihg Ghfe kbs l``f jrhfchfe làmr` tk` gbtok. ’H f`v`r jrhfc biomkmi,‗ k`‘j sbhjquht` s`rhmusiy. (Lut tk`f wky wbs k` jrhfchfe l``r=) Zk` ahrst twm ebg`s Okuh r`biiy immcs lbj, lut tk`f k` tbc`s tk` ?rj, bfj bat`r bf bllr`vhbt`j lr`bc (’O‘gmf,‗ sbhj @rrmi, ’hs tk`r`

emffb l` thg` amr tk` Jmuli`s, mr fmt=), Ghfe hs a`ìhfe guok l`tt`r. ’H wbs jrufc,‗ k` sbys.’Fmw H obf s`` l`tt`r.‗ @xo`pt tkbt k` nust obf‘t stmp @rrmi armg sfbpphfe hf lbockbfjs bfj

whffhfe bshiy.G`f‘s Jmuli`s. ’Mf` ebg`!‗ skmuts Cbghfscy tm @rrmi bfj g`. U` kbj l`bt`f

\ml`rts/Okuh hf tk` s`gh‘s, lut w`r` fmw blmut tm ims` tm Lrbtkwbht`/_khrmcy hf tk` ahfbi.’Mf` ebg`! U` kbv` tm l` mut ma k`r` ly <!‗ Lut w` gbj` ht < mut ma ? bfywby. Bfj wkhi` bthr`j oustmjhbf wbs fmhshiy sw``phfe up tkhs ibst jhrty rmmg, wkhi` tk` a`w spòtbtmrs w`ròkbtthfe bfj tbchfe up tk`hr okbhrs, wkhi` tk` s`v`rbi r`gbhfhfe tbli`s w`r` l`hfe amij`j up bfj

rmii`j bwby brmufj us, w` piby`j mf…tkhs w``c tbli` t`ffhs P._.B,….f`xt w``c…=

_@I@OZ@J FMZ@_

*\èbrjhfe tk` twm hfohj`fts Gbi sp`bcs ma, H‘v` wrhtt`f hf Qmi. HQ blmut kmw Hhrr`spmfshliy i`t tk` rboc`t em bfj kmw ht obrmg`j maa bfj fhoc`j Tbtty Gbrthf`z‘s lrmtk`r N`ssmf tk` fms`, bfj kmw omfs`qu`ftiy H wbs jàbuit`j armg tk` tmurfbg`ft. H wbs f`v`r hf b

’ahstahekt.‗ Gbi‘s rà`rrhfe tm wk`f H l`bt Kbi Er``f hf b oims` gbtok bt b tmurfbg`ft hf tk`jmwfstbhrs eyg ma tk` \hv`rshj` Tibzb Kmtì. H i`t mut b wkmmp mf whffhfe, wkhok Kbi, wkmomuij l` vmibthi` bt thg`s, jhj fmt tbc` chfjiy tm, bfj tk`f, tryhfe tm l` omfohihbtmry, H tkrust gykbfj mut tm Kbi bfj ufhft`fthmfbiiy gbj` sihekt omftbot whtk khs ok`st wkhok k` ghstmmc amr beer`sshmf. K` wr`sti j g` tm tk` ermufj bfj kbj g` hf b fòc kmij bs khs jbuekt`r Bihoùpstbhrs hf tk` lbiomfy lèbf sor`bghfe. Ukbt sk` jhjf‘t cfmw wbs tkbt H‘j jìhl`rbtìy emf`

tmtbiiy ihgp bfj Kbi, ufj`rstbfjhfe H wbs fmt ahekthfe khg, wbs putthfe fm pr`ssur` mf g` btbii. U` smmf emt up bfj r`sug`j mur arh`fjskhp.

**P_ZZB Zr`bsur`r Jìi _w``rhs, hf b Nbf. 1, 285< i`tt`r tm tk` @.O. sbys khs bfbiyshsma tk` Zmphos shtubthmf ’skmws tkbt tk` Okhfb hssu` (04,444 omph`s hfst`bj ma tk` usubi 1-5,444) hs wkbt kbs tkrmwf tk` luje`t hftm bf ufabvmrbli` pmshthmf.‗ K` em`s mf tm sby tkbtshfo` tk` @.O. bpprmv`j tkhs ruf, ’H r`biiy jmf‘t tkhfc w` obf kmij Zhg Lmeebf Sr`spmfshli`W.‗

***Hf tk` v`ry f`xt Nbf.-A`l, 285< hssu` ma Zmphos, F.N.‘s Jr. Zkmgbs I`fz, b j`fthstwkm pibys bt tk` Hrvhfetmf Oiul, maa`r`j khs s`rvho`s tm L`rfh`.



<28

Okbpt`r _`v`ft``f

2852> Zmurfbg`fts Làmr` P_MZO‘s.

Aimrhjb stbrt`j hts abii s`bsmf whtk

tk` _`pt. tmurfbg`ft hf Mribfjm.Nm` _mcmimaa wmf tk` G`f‘s‚hf 0hf tk` s`gh‘s (bat`r imshfe tk` ?rj btjùo` tm em <-2 jmwf) mv`r bfbttbochfe \hokbrj GoBa`` (fmwihvhfe hf Ghbgh), bfj hf : hf tkàhfbi mv`r Umg`f‘s whff`r Mieb

_mit`sz. Mieb kbj b 0-ebg`qubrt`r‘s gbtok whtk Lmys P-25whff`r Nàa Zkmgbs, tk`f, l`khfj<-2 hf tk` s`gh‘s, amuekt maa \by

G`reihbfm. Bs ’K‗ Libhr tìis us(ZZZ , Fmv.-Jò. 2852, <<), ’\by

hs prhgbrhiy b sphff`r, Mieb hsstrhotiy b khtt`r. Bfj lòbus` Mieb jm`s fmt okmp, \by wbs fmt

bli` tm us` khs gmst àaòthv` w`bpmf‚tk` immp.‗ _m, hf tk` `fsuhfe’omuft`rjrhvhfe omft`st,‗ Mieb wbs l`st. Hf bjjhthmf tm tbchfe tk` Ghx`j whtk_t`v` \hem hf b aurhmus <;, <4, -2:, -<?, 2? ahfbi mv`r _mcmimaa/Ebyi` \me`rs,sk` wbs ruff`r-up whtk G`reihbfm hf G`f‘s Jmuli`s, ìhghfbthfe _t`v`

A`j`rhom/Erè Ehfemij làmr` imshfe tm _mcmimaa/GoBa``. Mieb‘s suoo`ss`s prmgpt`j smg` g`f ’tm omgpibhf blmut k`r pibyhfe hf tk`hr `v`fts.‗*

Zk` Thffìi abghiy, ’amrg`riy armg Ghff`smtb bfj fmw ihvhfe hf

Okbttbkmmok``, Aimrhjb, ‗jhsthfeuhsk`j tk`gsìv`s. Motbvhm, Nr. wbs ruff`r-up hf tk` B‘s tm _bg Kmaaf`r, _`fhmr Okbgp mv`r N`rry T`rigutt`r3 wmf tkÒibss L armg Lhii Lmlsmf3 pibo`j <fj hf Lmys P-253 bfj wmf tk` Lmys P-20

armg Nmkf @iihmtt. Tkhi Thffìi, 24, tmmc tk` Pfj`r 2?‘s. Bfj Motbvhm, _r.w`ft kmg` tk` Fmvho` whff`r.

Bt tk` Mot.Ghbgh Emij Ombst Mp`f, L`v`riyf K`ss, l`st hf Lr vbrj Omufty (bs hs k`r abtk`r,\bfjy), wmf tk` Umg`f‘s mv`r brok-

rhvbi J`llh` _oruees. Zk` G`f piby`j b5-t`bg rmufj rmlhf amr tk`

Okbgphmfskhp‚whtk tk` r`suit tkbttkr`` t`bgs th`j> _mcmimaa/I`ffy Lbss3GoBa``/_mi _okhaa (j`spht` _t`v` \hembfj khs bfth jmhfe hf lmtk piby`rs)3 bfj

Lml Ubic`r/T`t`r Trbjht (pibyhfe fmwfmt mut ma Okhobem lut Ghbgh, amr ht gby l` tkbt T`t`r hs bir`bjy wmrchfe hf Lml‘s lbfc bs b omgput`r tòkfhohbf). Zk`

Nm` _mcmimaa \by G`reihbfm


_t`v` A`j`rhom

L`v K`ss - l`st hf Lr`vbrjTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



<<4

mtk`r s``j`j t`bg ma Pfj`r 25 whff`r Nmkf Ruhoc/Nmkf Zbff`khii (erbjubt` ma b Ghbgh kheksokmmi) jhjf‘t abr` sm wìi lòbus` lmtk GoBa`` bfj _okhaa mut-omuft`r`j Zbff`khii, bfj_mcmimaa‘s sup`r-immp jhj Nmkf hf bs wìi. Trbjht‘s 24-4 ròmrj wbs ufgbtok`j, lut k` jhjkbv` tm rbiiy tm l`bt lmtk _mcmimaa bfj Zbff`khii. ’Nmkf hs ushfe gmr` jà`fs` hf khs ebg`,‗sbys Nm` (ZZZ , Fmv.-Jò. 2852, <<), bfj tkhs wmuij smg`thg`s simw T`t`r jmwf tm wk`r`

k`‘j t`gpmrhz` whtk b rmiihfe tmpsphf, bfj tk`f Nmkf ’wmuij gmv` brmufj bfj sgbsk tk` lbiirhekt maa tk` lmufo`.‗ Lmtk piby`rs, tkmuek, e`f`rbiiy ’sgbsk`j tk` lbii tm tk` abr `je`s ma tk`tbli`‗ bfj w`r` emhfe ’amr j``p bfei`s bfj amr tk` pmhft whtk `v`ry skmt.‗

Làmr` kurryhfe maa tm tk` Fmv. $144 _mutk`rf Mp`f bt \bi`hek, F.O., tk` tmp F.X. piby`rs pbrthohpbt`j hf Nm` Gmfth‘s Tbjji` Tbibo` tmurfbg`ft hf F.N. Bs \by GoJmwìir`pmrts (ZZZ , Nbf.-A`l. 285<, <8), fmt `fmuek tbli` spbo` bfj 224 `ftrh`s prmjuo`j b : b.g.G`f‘s ahfbi l`tw``f E`mre` Lrbtkwbht` bfj Aubrfbjm \ml`rts wkm‘j l``f jmwf <-4 bfj bt

jùo` hf tk` ?rj whtk Jbv` Tkhihp. Bs usubi, E`mre` kbs l``f pibyhfe bfy fugl`r ma gbtok`s hfshfei`s bfj jmuli`s, lut wk`f k` whfs tk` ahrst twm ebg`s bt 28, k` skmuij sthii kbv` `fmuek nuho`, bjr`fbihf, wkbt`v`r, tm ahfhsk \mllh` maa. Lut up 21-24 hf tk` ?rj, k` obf‘t oims`, bfjobf‘t whf tk` :tk `htk`r. Hf tk` 0tk…

’Lrbtkwbht`‘s i`bjhfe 28-22, bfj ht‘s \ml`rts‘ s`rv`. Zk`f, bii tkbt jrbhfhfe ma

`f`rey tbc`s hts tmii bfj Lrbtkwbht` e`ts b chfe-shz` gusoi` orbgp. Ht‘s sm pbhfaui kòbf kbrjiy stbfj. Pgphr` \by GoJmwìi trh`s tm kìp bfj jm`s gbfbe` tm wmrc ht mutb ihtti`, lut tk` ghfut` k` stmps rullhfe, tk` gusoi` cfmts up ihc` b lbii!

\ml`rts, `v`r b e`fti`gbf, bfj b er`bt spmrt, kbs Lrbtkwbht stbfj up tm tk`tbli` bfj purpmsàuiiy s`rv`s < maa tm ehv` E`mre` tk` gbtok!‗

Mtk`r F.N.Tbjji` Tbibo`whff`rs> Umg`f‘s>

Tbt Khij`lrbfj mv`r Gurhì _t`rf, 2; hftk` ?rj. G`f‘s

Jmuli`s>Lrbtkwbht`/T`t`r _t`pk`fs mv`r Ghtok_`bithì/Tkhihpwkm‘j jmwf`j\ml`rts/Lmeebf 28

hf tk` ?rj. Ghx`j>_`bithì/_t`rf mv`r

Lrbtkwbht`/Khij`lrbfj. Oibss B> _bg Kbggmfj (wkmg w`‘ii k`br gmr`

blmut skmrtiy) mv`r Nm` Okhfe, bat`r Nm` kbj stmpp`j @rho Tkhiihps 28 hf tk` ?rj. B Jmuli`s>Tkhiihps/Zhggy Kmus` mv`r Kbggmfj/Brtkur Fh`v`s. _`fhmr‘s> _hj Nbomls mv`r @j Eutgbf, -

20, 28, 25, tk`f Hrwhf Umia wkm‘j must`j Qbf Jmr`f 28 hf tk` ?rj. Pfj`r 25‘s> Nàa ^bcbrhfmv`r \hokbrj _kìi`y hf tk` s`gh‘s, -25, <?, <4, bfj _omtt GoJmwìi (\by‘s smf) hf tk` ahfbi,jùo` hf tk` ?rj. Pfj`r 20‘s> GoJmwìi mv`r ^bcbrhf. Pfj`r 2?‘s> Lruo` Timtfhoc mv`r Ghc`_t`rf.

Nm` Okhfe


_omtt GoJmwìiTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



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Zk` _mutk`rf Mp`f, kìj bt\bi`hek‘s Ihmfs Tbrc \òr`bthmf O`ft`r ufj`r tk` spmfsmrskhp ma Zmggy Zbrrbftbfj Nhg GoRu``f, wbs tk` mfiytmurfbg`ft hf gy iha` H‘v` v`r l``f tm tkbt

H jhjf‘t k`br mf` rmbr ma omgpibhft. Bfjwky wbs tkbt= Lòbus`, tkmuek tk`y imst$<44 (wk`f tk`y jhjf‘t e`t tk` imobi `ftrytk`y `xpòt`j‚wk`r`, amr `xbgpi`, w`r`Btibftb Oims`j stbiwbrts, Bit`flbok,Obffìib, Emij`f=), tk`y ebhf`j sm guokemmj whii ly l`hfe xtrb-omfshj`rbt` ma tk`

piby`rs. Ha b pmst j jrbw wbsf‘t tm ymur ihchfe, ha ymu tkmuekt smg` hfnustho` kbj hfbjv`rt`ftiy l``f jmf` ymu‚sby ymu w`r` sok`jui`j tm piby tk` sbg` p rsmf twho`, mr b p`rsmf armg ymur mwf br`b‚tk` vmho` l`khfj tk` ghormpkmf` c`pt urehfe tk` piby`rs tk`gsìv`s tm omg` up tmtk` Omftrmi J`sc bfj kìp s`t gbtt`rs strbhekt.

H amufj mut ibt`r tkbt \à`r``/Jrbwgbc`r Nboc Obrr wrmt` Fbthmfbi Zmurfbg`ftJhròtmr Jhoc Khocs b amur-pbe`, shfei`-spbo` Jò. << i`tt`r mf bii tkbt k`, Nboc, kbj jmf` bfj

bii tkbt skmuij l` jmf` hf tk` ruffhfe ma tkhs, b ?-_tbr tmurfbg`ft. Amr `xbgpi`, sbhj Nboc>

’…H kbj tm l` bt tk` tmurfbg`ft sht` bii tk` thg`. H jhjf‘t kbv` thg` tm piby, bfjsm H jhjf‘t `v`f tkmuek H jm usubiiy. H jhjf‘t kbv` thg` tm em mut tm `bt. @v`rymfòkòc`j mut bfj hf tkrmuek g`3 H c`pt b ihst hfoiujhfe tk` thg` tk`y w`r` ju` tmr`turf….

…H maa`r`j tm wrht` tk` f`ws g`jhb, bfj b i`tt`r ma hftrmjuothmf amr tk` imobi p`mpi`, mf maahohbi stbthmfbry. Gmst ma tk` thg` tkhs hs gmr` hgpr`sshv` tkbf omftbotarmg tk` imobi p`mpi` bimf`. Bism, H brrhv`j briy Arhjby hf obs` ht w`r` f``j`j amr g`

tm omftbot tk` pr`ss hf tk` liu` libz`r whtk hfshefhb. Bf maahohbi ufhamrg bfj b thtiùsubiiy kìps….‗

Bii _bturjby gmrfhfe wbs j`vmt`j tm tk` Nufhmrs. Zk`Zmurfbg`ft Omgghtt`` biimw`j g` tm ruf rmufj rmlhfs hf lmtk tk` 20‘s bfj 25‘s, sm `bok lmy, hfoiujhfe gy twm ihtti`mf`s, emt tm piby (tkmuek tk`r` wbs fm 2? `v`ft) bfywk`ràrmg 24 tm 2: gbtok`s. Bueustb‘s T`t` Gby (K`‘ii l` tk`Btibftb ’Oims`j‗ Okbgphmf) wbs mf` guok hft`r`st`j hf

Nufhmr piby‚k` emt tm tk` ahfbi ma tk` L‘s bat`r b er`bt gbtokwhtk Btibftb‘s \by Ahiz (wkht` sw`btlbfj nuxtbpms`j tm liboc

emia eimv` ebv` g` tk` hgpr`sshmf tkbt \by wbs smg` smrt ma bswhfehf‘ Jr. _trbfeèimv`). T`t`, wkm sbhj k`‘j quht pibyhfe ha k` omuijf‘t omg` tm tk` auf rmufj rmlhf gbtok`s bt tk`P_MZO‘s, pibff`j tm lrhfe b Nufhmr t`bg tk`r` fmt f`xt

gmftk lut f`xt y`br. F.X.‘s \hocy \ugli wmf tk` P-20‘s (5 `ftrh s) whtkmut

imshfe b ebg`. Kmw`v`r, k` kbj b okbii`fehfe 2;, <? gbtok whtk Motbvhm Thffìi, Nr. wkm ibsty`br kbj emtt`f smg` emmj ombokhfe hf Ghff`bpmihs armg Okbrih` Jhsf`y bfj mtk`rs. Motbvhm‘s

Nhg GoRu``fTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf

Zmggy Zbrrbft

T`t` Gby...immchfe hgphsk



<<<

immp lmtk`r`j \hocy amr b wkhi`, lut tkmuek k` kbjokbfo`s tm oims` b pmhft k` wmuij `htk`r ràus` tm bfei`khs khts mr l` ufbli` tm jrmp tk` lbii hf oims` `fmuek tmobtok \hocy.

Motbvhm, _r., wkm‘j gmv`j khs abghiy tm b ihtti`

tmwf mutshj` Zbiibkbss``, wbs tìihfe g` tkbt tk`r` br`blmut ?4 piby`rs hf khs hgg`jhbt` vhohfhty bfj tkbt ba`w ma tk`g br` Oibss B obihl`r lut tkbt fmf` ma tk`gwbft tm e`t l`bt ly khs 24-y`br-mij smf Tkhi. _m k`‘skbvhfe b jhaahouit thg` stbrthfe bfytkhfe.

Ht‘s r`biiy fmt bf ufusubi stmry. Zk` ebg` s``gstm l` spiht hf tkhs omuftry l`tw``f tk` bgbtùrs wkm

wbft tm piby smohbiiy bfj tk` prma`sshmfbis wkm wbft tm piby s rhmusiy. E`f`rbiiy sp`bchfe, ht‘s tk` s`rhmus-ghfj`j wkm omg` tm E`zb Ebzjbe‘s F.X. Hfvhtbthmfbitm s`` smg` ma tk` wmrij‘s l`st piby`rs, wkhi` tk`

bgbtùr-ghfj`j gbnmrhty, wkm kbv` ihtti` mr fm pbsshmfamr tk` Ebg`, stby kmg`.

Mf` abtk`r hf tk` \bi`hek br`b kbj s``f b fmtho`blmut tk` tmurfbg`ft hf tk` pbp`r (tkbt‘s kmw H stbrt`j,sbw b fmtho` hf tk` pbp`r) bfj kbj lrmuekt khs smf tm piby hf tk` 20‘s, lut fmt tk` 25‘s. Zk`ywbft`j tm s`` wkbt ht wbs ihc`. Mrjhfbrhiy, tk` chj wmuij e`t fm piby bt bii, wmuij ims` khs ahrstgbtok bfj l` mut ma tk` `v`ft bfj mut ma tk` tmurfbg`ft. Ukbt struoc tkhs abtk`r, bs tk` smfimst gbtok bat`r gbtok, wbs tk` hfor`jhliy s`rhmus btthtuj` ma tk` whffhfe lmys bfj tk`hr

abtk`rs. Ubsf‘t ht, bat`r bii, nust b ebg`= _m H kbj tm tìi khg tkbt, wk`f ymu jrhv` tkmusbfjs ma ghi`s, sp`fj tkmusbfjs ma jmiibrs `v`ry y`br, bfj smg`thg`s suaa`r bs ymu s`` ymur okhijr`fsmg`thg`s suaa`r mut tk`r` bt tk` tbli`, fm, ht‘s fmt nust b ebg`. Amr ymu, amr tk`g, whffhfe hs

v`ry jhaa`r`ft armg imshfe.Zkbt abtk`r, s``hfe wkbt smg` wmuij obii tkhs mlso`f` r`bihty, bfj k`brhfe g` obràuiiy

try tm `xpibhf ht‚bs T`t` Gbrbvhok‘s abtk`r, sby, gust mat`f kbv` trh`j kbrj tm `xpibhf ht‚iàt

whtk khs lmy làmr` tk` chj kbj ahfhsk`j pibyhfe bii khs gbtok`s. H jmf‘t tkhfc tk`y w`ft lboc tmtk`hr lbs`g`ft tm try tm prbotho` up‚bfy gmr` tkbf H tkhfc tk` P._. Z`bg obf `v`r l` b tkr`bthf wmrij omgp`ththmf ly prbothohfe xoiushvìy hf tk`hr ihtti` lbs`g`fts.

Hf tk` P-25‘s (22 `ftrh`s) \ugli` imst bf `briy ebg` tm Zmg _`by lut tk`f rbf ht mutbebhfst v`rylmjy is` hfoiujhfe Fbthmfbi P-20 Okbgp Nmkf Ruhoc hf tk` 2:, <2 ahfbi. Jmwf25-21 hf tk` <fj, Ruhoc somr`s whtk b s`rv` bfj mf`. Jmwf 28-2;, k` e`ts b imw, aibt amr`kbfj

hf. Zk`f, bat`r \hocy em`s gbtok pmhft up whtk b kbrj pbsshfe amr`kbfj (’Lbly!‗), Nmkf(’Zkbt‘s ht!‗) pbss`s khg. Lut \ugli`, up bebhf, hs fmt tm l` j`fh`j. K` e`ts bf hrr`trh`vbli`

`je` (’Bii rhekt!‗) tm whf.Nmkf rmufjs tk` tbli` bfj, bs k`‘s mf khs wby, abst, mut ma tk` pibyhfe omurt, tk`

lbii…smg`kmw e`ts squbsk`j. \à`r ` Nboc Obrr hf khs liboc bfj wkht`-strhp`j v`st em`s bat`r Nmkf bs ha k`‘s blmut tm tkrmw jmwf b kbfjc`rokhà mf tk` piby. ’Hfa`r`fo` bfj Kypmtk`shs‗‚

tkbt‘s b okbpt`r pbrthouibriy hft`r`sthfe tm Nmkf hf b lrhje` lmmc k`‘s l``f r`bjhfe ly bomftrmv`rshbi @feihsk `xp`rt, Z`r`fo` \``s`** (Nmkf stbrt`j pibyhfe tkhs omgpihobt`j obrjebg` bt be` 5). Hfa`r`fo` bfj Kypmtk`shs> tk` Jurkbg K`rbij ugphr` ibueks bfj sbys, ’Uk`ftk` Fbthmfbi Okbgphmf e`ts l`bt, H smrt ma a`ì b orusk`j lbii‘s hf mrj`r.‗ Obrr jhjf‘t tkhfc sm,

Tkhi ThffìiTkmtm> Zbli` Z`ffhs Pfihght`j




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lut sbhj hf khs i tt`r tm Khocs tkbt k` jhjf‘t sby bfytkhfe tm Zbff`khii rhekt bwby, jhjf‘t wbft tmrul sbit hf tk` wmufj, bfj tkbt wk`f ibt`r k` tbic`j tm khg blmut ’ufspmrtsgbfihc` omfjuot‗bfj kmw ’ht wmuij l` b skbg` tm ruhf b er`bt ròmrj ly mf` `gmthmfbi gmg`ft,‗ Nmkf ’ber``jbfj tkbfc`j g`,‗ bfj ibt`r ugphr`j b gbtok ’amr tk` mf` k` abhi`j tm jm lòbus` ma tk` aibrùp.‗

Nmkf bism emt tm tk` ahfbi ma tk` Oibss B wk`r`, bat`r b fhp bfj tuoc (2<, -<<, 28) whfmv`r khs imfethg` pibyhfe pbrtf`r Jhoc GoBa``, k` wbs l`bt`f v`ry `bshiy ly Jbv` Tkhihp.Lmtk Tkhihp bfj T`t`r _t`pk`fs kbj omg` armg F.X. ufj`r tk` hgpr`sshmf tkbt tk`r` w`r`gmf`y prhz`s amr tk` B‘s. Jbv` stuoc ht mut, lut T`t`r strby`j bwby bfj wbs jàbuit`j. Zk`twm kbj l``f whffhfe smg` jmuli`s tmurfbg`fts hf tk` @bst, lut k`r` tk`y w`r` ihghfbt`j hftk` qubrt`r‘s ly \ml`rts/Lmeebf wkm w`ft mf tm jmwf \`s`c/Lrbtkwbht` hf tk` ahfbi.

L`v`riyf K`ss wmf lmtk tk` Ehris P-20 (? `ftrh`s) bfj P-25 armg k`r _pbo`pmrt Oiul

f`heklmr, J`llh` _oruees. L`v wbs tìihfe g` blmut tkhs kmrs` sk` us`j tm kbv` hf k`r lboc imtma b ybrj. Ht imv`j tm rmbg blmut `bthfe erbss bfj gmr` erbss, ormsshfe mv`r \mut` 2 hf s`brokma…wìi, wkbt`v`r b kmrs` s`brok`s amr, ufthi ahfbiiy ht bfj tk` shtubthmf nust emt mut ma kbfj.Zk` t``fbe` L`v, tmm, hs b rmbg`r (bt i`bst wk`f ht omg`s tm t.t. tmurfbg`fts)=

Hf tk` Umg`f‘s (8 `ftrh`s), L`v imst 2;, 25, <2 hf tk` s`gh‘s tm Ihsb Xmmf‚wkmhfok`j mut [ubf A`reusmf hf b 28-hf-tk`-0tk tkrhii`r. Ihsb kbj omg` tm \bi`hek ? jbys làmr`

tk` tmurfbg`ft, bfj kbj prbotho`j kmur bat`r kmur whtk Zmggy Zbrrbft wkm kbj nust limoc`j lbii bat r lbii tm k`r. Bat`r whffhfe tk` 2st ebg` armg [ubf, Ihsb lèbf puskhfe whtk k`r‚lut`v`f tkmuek Ihsb‘s pusk`s w`r` smg`thg`s guok tmm khek, [ubf wmuijf‘t kht tk`g. Uky tbc`b okbfo`, sk` gust kbv` aheur`j‚puskhfe hs gy ebg`, Ihsb‘s hs tmpsphffhfe. Lut fmw Ihsb lèhfs tm vbry k`r tmp bfj okmp. Bfj [ubf hs lmtk`r`j ly b s`rv` wk`r` Ihsb‘s kbfj pbss s hfarmft ma tk` lbii bfj sk` obf‘t gmg`ftbrhiy s`` ht. Jmwf <4-25, [ubf ims`s tk` ? rj bt 28 wk`f

sk` obf‘t lrhfe k`rsìa tm kht tk` khek lbii tkbt whii th` ht up3 hfst`bj, sk` jrmps ht tmm skmrt.Jmwf <4-21 hf tk` 0tk, sk` stbrts bfmtk`r rbiiy, e`ts tm 28…lut fm aurtk`r.

Hf tk` Ghx`j, Okuh/Xmmf bjvbfo` ly _mcmimaa/_oruees hf 0, lut ims` tk`hr ahfbi tm

Trbjht/A`reusmf. T`t`r‘s quhoc bfei`s jmf‘t ehv` Ghfe guok mppmrtufhty mtk`r tkbf j`sp`rbt`btt`gpts amr whff`rs.

_ufjby bat`rfmmf bii piby stmpp`j `xo`pt amr tk` G`f‘s qubrt`r‘s. Trbjht, tk` `x-Zkbh

stbr, wbs r`bjy, lut b wkhi` lboc ht immc`j bs ha k` ghekt fmt l`. K`‘j l``f abo`j whtk tk` pmsshlhihty ma pibyhfe b wmgbf mppmf`ft, bfj tkhs wbs ouiturbiiy smg`tkhfe k` wbs fmt blmuttm jm‚`v`f ha ht g`bft k` kbj tm jàbuit. Amrtufbtìy, T`t`r, wkm‘s tbchfe bf hft`fshv` @feihskomurs` bt tk` Pfhv`rshty ma Ghbgh (k` kmp`s smmf tm lè`tthfe hftm omgput`r wmrc)

jhjf‘t kbv` tm sp`bc tm tk` prmli`g‚khs prmspòthv`

a`gbi` mppmf`ft f`v`r emt tmkhg.

Hfst`bj, k` lr``z`j lyCum-sbf Okufe (mfo`

Fbthmfbihst Okhfb Bhr AmroÒkbgp, fmw b jmotmrbi stuj`fthf @iòtrhobi @fehf``rhfe btJuc`) wkm ibst y`br kbj l`bt`f

Cum-sbf Okufe, skmrt-ohrouht`j ly TrbjhtTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



<<:

\`s`c 2:, 22 bt tk` P_MZO‘s, bfj wkm tkhs y`br cfmoc`j g` mut hf tk` 2 st rmufj. ’Okufe _tufsLmeebf‗ wbs tk` w``c`fj k`bjihf`. T`fkmij`r Okufe‘s wmmj`f shj` ma tk` rboc`t kbj blsmiutìyfm àaòt mf Trbjht, bfj wk`f T`t`r stbrt`j immphfe, Okufe omuijf‘t omgp`t`.Hf tk` omgpbfhmf qubrt`r‘s mf tkhs shj` ma tk` jrbw, \ml`rts bfj Luch`t wbrg`j up amr tk`hr gbtok ly pibyhfe ehf ruggy. Gy ihtti @rho omg`s hf armg kbvhfe wr sti j pibyauiiy bt ammtlbii mutshj bfj

bscs L`rfh`, ’Ukbt gmftk kbs <; jbys=‗ L`rfh` tkhfcs b wkhi` bfj surprhs`s g` ly sbyhfe,’A`lrubry.‗ ’Kbk, kbk,‗ yìis gy ihtti` mf`. ’Xmu‘r` wrmfe! Bii tk` gmftks kbv` <; jbys!‗Ht hs fmt L`rfh`‘s jby. \mllh` lmrrmws gy sf`bc`rs, em`s mut bfj l`bts khg ?-4. Amr

smg` p`rv`rs` r`bsmf, Luch`t (wkm `brih`r, jmwf <4-2? tm Kmu-ghf Okbfe, kbj wmf ;strbhekt) hs pibyhfe \ml`rts whtk b f`w, uftmuok`j rboc`t, bfj jurhfe mf` str`tok ghss`s 1omfsòuthv` amr`kbfjs, bigmst, bs ht w`r`, jìhl`rbtìy‚bs ha tm prmv` ht‘s fmt hf tk` obrjs amr khg tm whf. Pp 28-21 hf tk` ?rj, k` jrmps 0 hf b rmw. Bfmtk`r r`ghfj`r tm us tkbt w`‘v` s``f

khg strbfeìy abtbihstho làmr`‚smg`thg`s fmt `v`f ahfhskhfe mut b gbtok wk`f ht s``gs k` kbs`v`ry okbfo` tm whf ht.

Trbjht abr`s `v`f wmrs` whtk \ml`rts. K`‘s swhtok`j armg tkhff`r tm tkhoc`r rull`r,obf‘t kht bs aibt bs k` us`j tm, fmw sphfs gmr`. K` sbys bebhfst b khtt`r tk` okbfe` kbs kìp`j

khg tm lrhfe tk` lbii lboc abst`r. Lut \mllh` hsf‘t b khtt`r. K` pibys spòtbouibr jà`fs`, bfjT`t`r em`s jmwf, jmwf, jmwf, 8, 8, 24!

Hf tk` mtk`r kbia ma tk` Jrbw, lmtk qubrt`r‘s gbtok`s br` oims`. Lrbtkwbht` lèhfs lysmat rmiihfe tm iàtkbfj`r Okuh‘s lbockbfj. Ukhok hs b ghstbc`‚lòbus` Ghfe (tkmuek `brih`r k`‘j bigmst imst tm Tkhihp‘s immps) kbs fm jhaahouity hf limochfe tk`g lboc. Jmwf <-4 bfj 2;-<4 gbtok pmhft, Zk` Okhà tbc`s imts ma pmwwmw thg`, gbc`s ihc` L`fetssmf whtk tk` s`rv`,bfj rufs mut tk` ebg`. \miis mf tkrmuek tk` :tk. Bfj hs up 22-5 hf tk` 0tk! Ibt`r Okuh tìis g`,’E`mre` gbj` g` a`ì H wbs suok b emmj limoc`r H amremt H wbs suppms`j tm kht tk` lbii.‗ Lut

tk`f Ghfe r`g`gl`rs. Uhfs 2< ma tk` f`xt 20 pmhfts tm limw tk` gbtok mp`f bs E`mreùfboomuftbliy gbc`s `rrmrs.

Fmt mfiy kbs \`s`c lrmc`f khs eibss s, k`‘s f`rvmus bt kbvhfe tm piby _mcmimaa, ims`s

tk` 2st

ebg` bt 24. K` jm`sf‘t cfmw kmw tm e`t omftrmi ma tkbt ibzy, fm-sphf lbii omghfe btkhg‚bfj s``gs tm l` jmhfe ihtti` gmr` tkbf nust phjjihfe mut tk`r`. Nm` hs whr`j amr bf ups`t,hs bs hft`ft mf strhfehfe @rrmi up bs k` wmuij l` mf` ma khs Fmrtk Ghbgh \boqu`t _kmpp`

spòhbis. Khs iml hs `spòhbiiy àaòthv`. K` obtok`s @rrmi‘s kbrj- kht lbii r`gbrcbliy abst bfjaihps ht…khek up bfj ourihfe lboc. Jmwf <-2, @rrmi stbrtstbchfe gmr` thg`, pusk`s tk` lbii brmufj, bfj Nm` e`ts bihtti` tmm smat. @rrmi omg`s lboc, whfs hf 0. ’H f``j`j tmkht b ihtti` gmr`,‗ Nm` sbys. ’_phf b ihtti` gmr` bt khg._imw khg jmwf.‗

Hf tk` s`gh‘s, \`s`c g``ts Okuh. Zkhs thg` IhgGhfe hs jrhfchfe fmt l``r lut mrbfe` nuho` bfj kmf`y.

@rrmi lèhfs ly pibyhfe whtk khs k`bvy P_B nboc`t mf‚ lut, mf whffhfe tk` 2st, k` sk`js ht. Okuh s``gs v`ryguok barbhj ma \`s`c‘s immp, bfj hs khtthfe mut whijiy.Zkmuek up <-4, @rrmi hs jmwf 20-28 hf tk` ?rj y`t sthii

immcs ihc` k`‘s emhfe tm whf tkhs ebg` tmm‚bfj jm`s.Orbocs hf 1 strbhekt‚bs ha k` omuij spmt Ghfe 24.Gbyl`, làmr` Okuh pibys, k` skmuij stmp jrhfchfe, p`rhmj=

Ihg Ghfe Okuh...jrhfchfe bebhfTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



<<0

Hf tk` ahfbi, @rrmi, whfjhfe up mf `v`rytkhfe, bffhkhibt simfe-si``v`j, r`j-skhrt`j \mllh`, 5, 24, 2:. Gbc`s mf` tkhfc kòmuij whf tk` Fbthmfbi‘s hf khs kmg` t`rrhtmry f`xt sprhfe=

Omghfe lboc tm F.X. hf mur twm-obr obrbvbf, @rho kbjemf` up bk`bj tm l` whtk Luch`t bfj tk` mtk`rs. L`rfh` kbj l`t

khg b qubrt`r k` omuijf‘t stby bwbc` ufthi w` stmpp`j amr ammjbfj ebs. K` jhj. B ihtti` ibt`r, mf tk` rmbj bebhf, @rrmi bfj Nbhrh`,L`rfh`, Jbvhj bfj T`t`r, w`r` bii ehvhfe @rho b smrt ma tbli`t`ffhs _pìihfe L``. Uk`f k` bfsw`r`j omrròtiy, tk` wmrjs tk`yr`wbrj`j khg whtk w`r` bf juobthmf hf tk`gsìv`s.

Kuek Lbll (ZZZ , Nbf.-A`l., 285<, <1) omv`r`j tk`Chfespmrt, Z`ff`ss`` Mp`f‚piby`j ufj`r tk` jhròthmf ma

Ghoc`y Er``r ’mf 24 Fhss`f Zbli`s bt tk` l`buthauiiy r`gmjì`jOhvho Bujhtmrhug.‗ Oiby Ukhtìbw, hf bf up bfj jmwf gbtok(wbs up <-4 ’whtk b lhe i`bj hf tk` tkhrj‗), wmf tk` G`f‘s hf 0armg Jà`fjhfe Okbgphmf, Jr. Kbfs Jh`ti. G`f‘s Jmuli`s w`ft

tm Ukhtìbw/Nmkf Ukht` mv`r Jh`ti/Ebry @rvhf. Umg`f‘s whff`r wbs Pfhv`rshty ma Z`ff`ss`` hfstruotmr E`ggb C`rr‚hf tk`

s`gh‘s, jùo` hf tk` :tk, mv`r Fhfb \mlhfsmf, bfj hf tk` ahfbi hf 0 mv`r L`tsy Lrbji`y, ’b imobikhek sokmmi ehri wkm v`ry suoo`ssauiiy us`s b pibhf wmmj`f rboc`t.‗

Mtk`r r`suits> Oibss B> Fbskvhii`‘s Ibrry Lbrti`y, wkms` Zmphos bj r`bjs ’Rubihty LuhitKbfj Gbj` \boc`ts Amr Zk` Okbgphmfs,‗ ‟<2, <?, 28, 2<, mv`r @rvhf wkm‘j l``f jmwf <-4tm 2:-y`br-mij Lhii @jwbrjs. Oibss L> U.U. Ubic`r (Uhfstmf-_bi`g. F.O.) mv`r Zmg _`by(Kuftsvhii`, BI). Oibss O> Nhggy @rvhf mv`r Jbi` _tbaamrj. _`fhmr‘s> Ukht` mv`r F`hi

Kmiimwby. Pfj`r <4> @jwbrjs mv`r _`by hf 0 hf tk` s`gh‘s, bfj Nhggy @rvhf hf tk` ahfbi.Bt tk` Mot. Erbfj \bphjs XGOB Mp`f, Zmurfbg`ft Okbhr Zmg Go@vmy r`pmrts tkbt,

tm fm mf`‘s surprhs`, _w``rhs jmghfbt`j piby. Kmw`v`r, Jìi wbsf‘t tk` mfiy mf` hf tk` ahìj.

Hf tk` <fj

rmufj, #? s``j Nhg Jbv`y wbs ups`t lyGo@vmy wkms` ufusubi rboc`t, fm spmfe`, fm kbrjrull`r, nust pibhf wmmj mf lmtk shj`s, jhsrupt`j

Nhg‘s thghfe‚sm tkbt wk`f k` trh`j tm mv`rpmw`r tk` lbii, k` amufj ht obg` aimbthfe lboc ’bfj khsr`turf sgbsk emhfe hftm tk` f`t.‗ Zmg l`bt khg 2?,2?, 2;. F`xt rmufj, Go@vmy wbs jmhfe nust ahf`bebhfst Nàa _gbrt, kbj khg <-2 bfj 2:-1. ’Lut wbht,sujj`fiy Go@vmy trh`s tm tbc` tk` maa`fs`! Ukbt=

Uhtk b wmmj lbt=‗ Bfj armg tk`r` mf hs baaihot`jwhtk ’b v`ry lbj obs` ma f`rv`s,‗ bfj hs l`bt`f 2: hf

tk` 0tk

.Nmhfhfe _w``rhs bfj _gbrt hf tk` s`gh‘s wbs

Nhg Ibzbrus, wkm‘j jmwf`j amrg`r P._. Zmp :4\bipk _tbjìgbf, bfj Tbui Ibgs` wkm‘j squ`bc`j

ly Ghc` Q hii`tt`, 28 hf tk` 0tk. Tbui, ’pibyhfe whtkwmmj mf nust mf` shj`, bfj spmfe` mf tk` mtk`r,‗aurtk`r omfaus`s khs mppmf`ft ’lòbus` k` hsomfstbftiy swhtokhfe tk` shj` tkbt k` khts tk` lbii

Kuek Lbll


Nhg Ibzbrus




<<1

whtk, bfj sm ymu ghekt e`t b j`bj skmtmaa tk` wmmj, mr b immp armg tk`spmfe` shj`.‗ Ibgs`, kmw`v`r, jhj fmtammi _gbrt, wkm hf tk` ahfbi rmufj rmlhftmmc ?rj, wkhi` Ibzbrus wbs ruff`r-up.

Mtk`r whff`rs> G`f‘s Jmuli`s(_w``rhs sbt mut)> T`t` Fbsvyths/ _gbrthf : mv`r Gburho` Kuft`r/Nàa Nbrvìbwkm‘j ups`t lmtk Jbv`y/Q`hii`tt`, <2, -2?, <2, bfj Ibszim C`v`s/Ibgs`, 25, -<4, 25. Oibss B> Hf b r`p`bt ma tk`hr G`f‘s gbtok, Ibgs` bebhf jmwf`j

Q`hii`tt`, 28 hf tk` 0tk. @brih`r Q`hii`tt`kbj tkrho` wmfjrmusiy survhv`j‚armg? ebg` pmhfts jmwf tm cfmoc mutKuft`r <0-<? hf tk` :tk3 armg gbtok

pmhft jmwf tm `je` Hgbfts Cbrcihs, <0-<? hf tk` 0tk

(Cbrcihs ma omurs` ushfe mf` ma tk` rboc`tstkbt, whtk obràui btt`fthmf tm ’wmmj, tkhocf`ss, w`hekt bfj erhp,‗ k` gbfuabotur`s hf ’tk`

lbs`g`ft ma khs kmg`‗)3 bfj armg gbyl` 0 ebg` pmhfts jmwf tm ??-?2 hf tk` :tk must Fbsvyths. Zbic blmut j`t`rghfbthmf tm whf!

Zk` _`pt. 24,444 Ibc`s Mp`f hf Ghff`bpmihs wbs tk` ibst tmurfbg`ft bt tk` Fhomii`tBv`./Ibc` _t. Gbemm‘s Oiul. Fm gmr` Gbemm‘s! Ukbt kbpp`f`j= Zk` luhijhfe wbs smij, bfjtk` f`w mwf`rs sbhj, Mut! Lut Tr`shj`ft Okbrih` Jhsf`y wrht`s (ZZZ , Nbf.-A`l., 285<, <;) tkbt,j`spht` tkhs l`hfe b ’oruskhfe‗ limw, b oiul g`gl`r, Jbf _btt`rl`re, `v`ftubiiy amufj b f`w

sht` tkbt, whtk b imt ma kbrj wmrc, wmuij l` suhtbli`. Bgmfe tk` ’14 p`mpi` (g`f, wmg`f, bfj nufhmrs),‗ wkm kìp`j whtk tk` gmv` bfj tk` r`stmrbthmfw`r`> Jhsf`y, Bibf Emijst`hf, \by Gmshm, Ibrry N`fs`f

(bfj khs jbj), Gì ûokgbf, Eus C`ff`jy, BfjyIbftms. Gmri`y Arbftzhoc, Zmfy _cnmij, Kul`rtQbfJ`ggìtrbbjt, Ourt _t. Nmkf, Nboc Thoc, Jbv`

Ihfjquhst, Mgbr Bfj`rsmf, Jmue Gbjby, Jmf Ibrsmf,\hok & _tu _hfychf, Jhoc Crùe`r, bfj Lml K`fz`. Fmwmfj`r r`fmvbthmfs wmuij tbc` ’shx imfe, arustrbthfew``cs.‗ K`r`‘s wkbt mrhehfbiiy tk`y w`r` abo`j whtk>

’Zk` ahrst bfj sòmfj aimmrs ma tk` luhijhfe w`r`

hf er`bt skbp` bfj immc`j wìi obr`j amr3 lut tk` tkhrjaimmr, wk`r` tk` oiul wmuij l`, kbj l``f ufmoouph`j

amr <? y`brs. Tbhft wbs p`ìhfe, pibst`r wbs abiihfe, nufc wbs sobtt`r`j bii mv`r. Zm gbc` ht mur f`w kmg`, wbiiswmuij kbv` tm omg` jmwf, nufc obrt`j mut, piuglhfer`pbhr`j, ihekts hfstbii`j, bfj v`rytkhfe wmuij kbv` tm

l` pbhft`j. Lut ht kbj b <0-ammt jmg` o hihfe, lbiomfh`samr spòtbtmrs, ar`` pbrchfe, b pbss`fe`r ì`vbtmr, bar`hekt i`vbtmr, bfj r`hfamro`j omfor`t` omfstruothmftkbt ghfhghz`j tk` kbzbrj ma ahr`.

Hgbfts Cbrcihs - wbft tm luy b rboc`t=

Eus C`ff`jy kìphfe mut bt

tk` f`w Gbemm‘s Oiul=Tkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



<<5

Zk` gbhf o`ft`r rmmg wkhok wbs 04‘x54‘ wmuij tbc` `hekt tbli`s3 bfj bimfetk` smutk shj`, bat`r t`brhfe jmwf smg` gmr` wbiis, w` omuij aht amur gmr`. Hf bf mp`frmmg mf tk` w`st `fj twm gmr` tbli`s wmuij aht. Mf tk` fmrtk shj` wbs b rmmg tkbtomuij l` us`j amr b oiul rmmg pius twm sgbii maaho`s.‗

Bat`r ’shx w``cs ma prmpmsbis bfj omuft`r-prmpmsbis,‗ Jhsf`y bfj Emijst`hf shef`j ’bt`f pbe` i`bs`‗ (amr ’tkr`` y`brs whtk twm twm-y`br mpthmfs‗). Hf tk` lèhffhfe, tk` r`ftbibe`foy kbj wbft`j $044 b gmftk, lut tkmuek, g`rohauiiy, tkbt wbs r`juo`j tm $?04 piusìòtrhohty, tk` f`w Gbemm‘s `xp`fs`s kbj jmuli`j. _thii, sbys Okbrih`, ’J`spht` tk` khek omstma rìmobthfe bfj tk` hfor`bs`j mp`rbthfe omsts, tk` autur` immcs lrhekt.‗

Imts ma bothmf hf Mgbkb. Bt tk` @briy Lhrj bfj tk`f hf Fmv. bt tk` Omrfkusc`r bfjMgbkb Mp`fs,

Jhbfb Gy`rs wbs pr`jhotbliy tmmstrmfe hf lmtk tkÙmg`f‘s bfj tk`

Ehris 25 amr J`llh`

J`f`fl`re. Fmsurprhs`, shfo` sk`wbs fmw khtthfewìi ’tm tk`

omrf`rs,‗ sk`‘j whf k`r skbr` ma Jmuli`s tmm. Fmt mfiy tk`Ghx`j (whtk _omtty Erbatmf bt tk` @briy Lhrj bfj Jbvhj Lbrf`s

bt tk` Mgbkb Mp`f), lut b G`f‘s Jmuli`s, tmm (whtk _t`v`’Amx‗ Aibfslure). Zmg Ubisk sbys Jhbfb‘s ’b emmj jmuli`s piby`r lòbus sk` khts kbrj`r bfj gmr` boourbt iy tkbf gmst

g`f‗ bfj lòbus` ’okhijr`f, bat`r bii, kbv` gmr` thg`, bfj k`r abtk`r ombok`s k`r whtk ufusubi pbr`ftbi z`bi.‗

Hf G`f‘s piby, tk` okhà omft`fj`rs, l`shj`s Aibfslure

wkm wbsf‘t guok hftm omgp`thfe tk`s` jbys, w`r` Zmg Ubiskwkm wmf tk` @briy Lhrj bfj obg` ruff`r-up tm Ghssmurh‘s Kbrry

_bfjf`r bt tk` Mgbkb3 Lbrf`swkm tmmc tk` Omrfkusc`r bt tk` _mutk Mgbkb Lmys Oiul3 bfjErbatmf, Jmuli`s whff`r bt tkbt Oiul whtk Lbrf`s.

Ubisk wmf tk` @briy Lhrj‚ahrst, ly tbchfe khs mp`f`r

bebhfst _`fhmr Okbgp I`` Ibrsmf3 tk`f, ly swhtokhfe armg khsoustmgbry phgpi`j-rull`r lbt tm spmfe` tm jmwf B Okbgp

Jmf Zbyimr3 tk`f, ly swhtokhfe armg phps tm spmfe` bfj lboc bebhf tm phps tm bjvbfo` mv`r Erbatmf (khtthfe hf ? whff`rsarmg 2;-bii hf tk` ?rj)3 bfj, ahfbiiy, ly stmpphfe Lbrf`s hf tkàhfbi, bat`r Jbvhj kbj ahfhsk`j maa Aibfsl`re.

Mgbkb wmuij s`fj b t`bg ma Nufhmrs tm tk`P_MZO‘s‚Nmf Jùoki`r, Jbv` Jmwfs, Okbri`s Tmismf, bfj_t`v` @fjr`s. Lut p`rkbps tk` gmst prmghshfe ymufe piby`r hftk` br`b hs Gurrby Cuti`r (wkm kbs whfs mv`r Erbatmf bfj

J`llh` J`f`fl`re

Jbvhj Lbrf`s

Gurrby Cuti`rTkmtm ly Zmg Ubisk



<<;

Lbrf`s). Bt tk` @briy Lhrj k` lbrìy imst tk` 25‘s, <:-<< hf tk` jòhjhfe ?rj, tm Mgbkb Mp`f 25whff`r Jùoki`r, tk`f spiht gbtok`s whtk khg bt tk` Omrfkusc`r. Bt tk` @briy Lhrj, Gurrbybism wmf tk` 20‘s (mv`r Mgbkb Mp`f 20 Okbgp Tbt Uhfjkbg hf tk` s`gh‘s, tk`f Nmkf^brbemsb hf tk` ahfbi)3 bfj tk` 2?‘s mv`r _omtt Hokcmaa. Mtk`r strmfe ymufe piby`rs br` NmÙhfjkbg (whff`r mv`r khs lrmtk`r Tbt, jùo` hf tk` ? rj hf tk` Mgbkb Omfsmibthmf‘s)3 Nmkf

Obfzmf`r` (kbs b vhotmry mv`r Jhbfb)3 @briy Lhrj Fmvho` whff`r Jhrc T`t`rs`f3 _omtt T`t`rs`fwkm wmf tk` Mgbkb Fmvho` mv`r khs jbj I`\my3 bfj Zmjj T`t`rs`f wkm bt tk` @briy Lhrjimst tm Hokcmaa, 21, -<0, 20, lut wmf tk` P-22‘s.

Ubisk, wkm jhj tk` @briy Lhrj wrht`-up (ZZZ , Fmv.-Jò., 2852, <2), wmfj`rs wk`f tk`P_ZZB whii suppmrt tk` Mgbkb oiuls ly s`fjhfe ’smg` tmurhfe piby`rs tkrmuek tk`Ghjw`st.‗ (Ihc` b ohrous= Amr b ymufe piby`r tm nmhf bfj ruf maa whtk=) K` r`ht`rbt`s tkbt…

’imobi tbli` t`ffhs hf tk` P._. f``js abr gmr` btt`fthmf tkbf jm`s bfhft`rfbthmfbi t`bg. Mf` skmuij i`brf tm orbwi làmr` wbichfe, bfj sm abr, armg gy pmhftma vh`w bfj tkbt ma gbfy mtk`rs, H‘g sur`, mur piby`rs kbv`f‘t lèuf tm orbwi tm tk`hft`rfbthmfbi i`vì ma piby. H jmf‘t g`bf tm j`fherbt` smg` ahf` btki`t`s, lut autur`

btki`t`s whii fmt l` amrtkomghfe ufi`ss smg`tkhfe hs jmf` smmf mf tk` imobi i`vì.‗

Umf‘t l` amrtkomghfe armg Mgbkb hs gmr` wkbt Zmg g`bfs. Ihc` sm gbfy prmghshfeymufest`rs, ihc` mur mwf P._. Umrij Z`bg g`gl`rs, Gy`rs bfj Cuti`r br` e`merbpkhobiiytrbpp`j. Zk`y‘v` fm strmfe imobi bjuits tm omfstbftiy piby, fm mf` tm tbc` tk`g tm tmurfbg`ftsw``c bat`r w``c wk`r` tk`r`‘s tmp omgp`ththmf. Zkbfcs tm Jhbfb‘s tbi`ft bfj tk` p`rshst`ft`fomurbe`g`ft ma k`r pbr`fts sk`‘ii em mf tm whf twm P._. Mp`f Ehris Pfj`r 20Okbgphmfskhps. Lut bat`rwbrjs, mf emhfe lboc tm Mgbkb, sk`‘s prmlbliy b imfìy whff`r,

f``jhfe smg` ’hf-ermup‗ auf whtk p``r piby`rs ha sk`‘s tm omfthfu` bs b Okbgphmf. Ibt`r, tk`Luti`r abghiy whii abo` tk` sbg` prmli`g whtk _omtt bfj Nhggy, lut whii ahfj bf biiy hfbahohmfbjm Kmuskbfe Lmzmrezbj`k. K`‘ii r`turf armg Hrbf, s`tti` hf Hmwb, bfj lòmg` arh`fjs

whtk E`mre` Fhss`f, k` ma t.t. tbli` bfj trbgpmihf` abg`. E`mre` kbs nust mp`f`j b f`w\boqu`t bfj _pmrts Oiul, tk` sht` amr b O`jbr \bphjs ZZO ruf ly Nmkf _thiihmfs.

_mg` trbvìhfe piby`rs emt tm tk` _mutkw`st Mp`f hf Mcibkmgb Ohty. G`f‘s w`ft tm

_w``rhs, tkmuek hf tk` ahfbi rmufj rmlhf k` wbs jmwf 2-4 bfj 25-2? hf tk` <fj tm @feihskgbfJmf L`rry‘s sup`r-sphfs. Lrbtkwbht` jmwf`j L`rry bfj Jbvhj Lìi tm omg` <fj. Omffh`_w``rhs wbs tk` Umg`f‘s whff`r mv`r _u` _bre`ft, tk`f Fmrgb I`Libfo. Zk` A`l., 285<

Zbli` Z`ffhs, Mcibkmgb F`wsi`tt`r omferbtuibt`j Omffh` mf k`r ’Thfe-Tmfe Jhpimgboy‗ tbic ’làmr` b nmhft ebtk`rhfe ma tk` Mcibkmgb Pfht`j Fbthmfs Oiul ma Mcibkmgb Ohty bfj tk`Mcibkmgb Ohty Pfhv`rshty Ouitur` Omgghtt``.‗

Ei`ff Omwbf‚k`‘s trbvì`j b lht‚wmf tk` Imfe L`bok Mp`f mv`r J`fhs M‘Omffìi,bs k` kbj `brih`r tk` Pfhv`rshty Ohty‘s Mctml`ra`st. Bfeìhtb \msbi tmmc tk` Umg`f‘s armg

K`btk`r Bfeìhf`ttb, whff`r bt Pfhv`rsbi Ohty mv`r ruff`r-up Gbry GoHiwbhf bfj(trbfspibft`j mr vhshthfe=) Mkhmbf Gbry Ibfjabhr. Omwbf bism wmf tk` G`f‘s Jmuli`s whtkJbrryi Aibff mv`r Kmwh` Ermssgbf/Tbui \bpkì. Ghx`j w`ft tm K. \bboc/Ohfjy Ommp`r,jùo` hf tk` 0tk hf tk` s`gh‘s mv`r \by Euhii`f/\msbi, bfj 28 hf tk` 0 tk hf tk` ahfbi mv`r

Ermssgbf/Bfeìhf`ttb wkm‘j je`j Ghc` Er``f`/Tbuihf` I`pc` hf 0.Bt tk` Kmiiywmmj Abii Mp`f, Tbtty Obsk obg` up armg _bf Jhèm tm tbc` tk`

Umg`f‘s armg \msbi, wkhi` Ci`hf stmpp`j Nmmfe Ehi Tbrc, 21, <2, 28. Imts ma Jmuli`sr`pmrt`j, lut fmt tk` G`f‘s. Ghx`j w`ft tm Jbrryi Aibff/Trhsohiib Tbrc`r mv`r Bski`y/Obsk.



<<8

_`fhmr whff`r wbs Bi`x Ebth‚mv`r Bski`y hf 0 hf tk` s`gh‘s, tk`f Lbfbok. _`fhmr Jmuli`s>Bski`y/Nuihus Tbbi mv`r Lbfbok/\uss Zkmgpsmf. Lmys 25> \bpkì mv`r Euhii`f, jà. Ehris 25>\msbi mv`r Ommp`r. Lmys 20> Crhtz mv`r Nbr`t Kbii. Lmys 2?> C`htk Kbii mv`r Ebibrjh. Oibss B>\by Gboc mv`r L whff`r Lhii Ebrr`tt. Umg`f‘s L> Ormwi`y mv`r Ar`hsokibe`r. B Jmuli`s>Lbfbok/Gboc mv`r Hokhrm Kbskhgmtm/Obsk, jùo` hf tk` ?rj.

\by Gboc hf wrhthfeblmut khs Kmiiywmmj jbyswk`f k` wbs i`brfhfe tm l` bemmj piby`r, bppròhbt`j tk`kìp fmt mfiy ma M‘Omffìi,ma khs B Jmuli`s pbrtf`r blmv`, Jbffy Lbfbok, bfj ma

khs B Jmuli`s mppmf`ftblmv`, Hokhrm Kbskhgmtm.Gboc sbhj tkbt ’Kmsk‗ (fmt’Kbsk‗) ’kbj emf` tm b obgp

hf Nbpbf wk`r` tk`y tbuektkhg blmut tbli` t`ffhs‗ bfj

tkbt k` wbs \by‘s ’ahrst r`biombok‗‚wmuij tbic whtk khg ’blmut strbtèy bfjtrbhfhfe, str`sshfe tk` ‛obtok‘ pmshthmf, c``phfe tkbtjbgf lbii hf armft ma ymu sm tk`r` wbs thg` amr b lbocswhfe bfj amiimw tkrmuek.‗ Kmsk wbs ’b prma ssmr bt POIB‗ (tbuekt @i otrhobi@fehf``rhfe=), bfj ’v`ry fho`‗‚tkmuek p`rkbps tk` omps jhjf‘t tkhfc sm, amr k` ’kbj b v`ry

k`bvy ammt, vhj`fo`j ly tk` 25 sp``jhfe thoc`ts k`‘j boouguibt`j hf khs Nbeubr.‗ Bism kìpauitm Gboc wbs Jbrryi Aibff, tk` ’_obfjhfbvhbf Okbgphmf‗ (bt i`bst wk`f k` wbs mf Zmur whtkLml Bski`y). Jbrryi kbj \by ’prbotho` shj`-tm-shj` ammtwmrc‗ bfj ’omuft`r-khtthfe,‗ bfj a`j

khg ’skmrt lbiis tkbt H kbj tm i`bf hf bfj strmc` whtk gy amr`kbfj‗ ufthi H emt tk` jrhii rhekt.Zk`f ma omurs` tk`r` wbs Nmmfe Ehi Tbrc. ’Hf `xokbfe` amr b rhj` tm tk` oiul (bt i`bst H

kbj b obr!) Tbrc wmuij kht whtk g` bfj gbc` g` jm ammtwmrc jrhiis. Bt fm okbre`! Ukbt b

tkrhii. Uk`f k` immp`j tm gy lbockbfj, ht wbs bii H omuij jm tm limoc lboc blmut tkr`` lbiis làmr` tk` sp``j bfj sphf mv`robg` g`.‗ \by sbhj tkbt, ’Lboc hf Cmr`b, wk`f Tbrc wbs hf tk`;tk erbj`, k` w`ft tm tk` tbli` t`ffhs ombok bfj bsc`j wkbt ht wmuij tbc` amr khg tm gbc` tk`t`bg. Zk` ombok ebv` khg b pbjji`, tmij khg kmw tm swhfe tkbt p`raòt, imfe amr`kbfj, tk`ftmij khg tm jm ht 2,444 thg`s b jby, bfj omg` s`` khg hf b y`br….Tbrc mlihe`j! Bfj k` gbj`tk` t`bg bii rhekt.‗ _m, mf k`brhfe tkhs, wkbt jhj \by jm= Amr b gmftk mr twm, k` gbfbe`j tm

swhfe tk` rboc`t 044 thg`s b jby‚wkhok k` sbys r`biiy kìp`j khs Kmiiywmmj amr`kbfj.B f`w oiul mp`f`j hf Julihf‚tkbt‘s hf Obihamrfhb‚bfj tm oì`lrbt` tk`y piby`j tk`hr

hfbueurbi Mp`f hf omfnufothmf whtk Ihv`rgmr`‘s Fmrtk`rf Obihamrfhb Oims`j. Hf tk` Mp`fG`f‘s, Jbv` Okbf mv`rpmw`r`j E`mre` Gbcc. Oup`rthfm‘s _bg Ihgb wmf lmtk tk` @squhr`‘s(mv`r Lml @oc`rt) bfj tk` _`fhmr‘s (mv`r Lml _tmf`). Lmys P-25 w`ft tm C`ft Kbss` mv`r _t`v` _ibvhok. Hf tk` Oims`j G`f‘s, Nàa Gbsmf jmwf`j `x-@eypthbf Fbthmfbi, Bzgy Hlrbkhg

wkm tmij g` hf bf @eypt-Nbpbf Gbtok hf Bi`xbfjrhb k` mfo` piby`j Mehgurb. B‘s w`ft tm(\ml`rt=) Umfe. L‘s tm Nhg Fbhc, O‘s tm Jh`t`r Auss. Zk`r` w`r` fm Umg`f‘s gbtok`sr`pmrt`j‚p`rkbps tk`y w`r`f‘t kìj. Lut, ha sm, wkbt chfj ma `xbgpi` hs tkbt tm ehv` b ermup nust stbrthfe mut= Bfj fm Jmuli`s r pmrt`j `htk`r.

Hokhrm Kbskhgmtm> 25

sp``jhfe thoc`ts whtk khs Nbe

Zk` ’_obfjhfbvhbf Okbgphmf‗Tkmtm ly Jmf Euff



<?4

Fm surprhs`s bt tk` Tmrtibfj, M\ Oims`j. \ml \ml`rts wmf tk` G`f‘s mv`r Nujy

Lmok`fsch, 28, 28, -2;, 2; hf tk` s`gh‘s, bfj mv`r Nm` I``, 28, 25, << hf tk` ahfbi. @bri Bjbgs

tmmc tk` _`fhmr‘s armg Lml Km. @j Febh wbs tk` Oibss B whff`r hf 0 mv`r Tbui Okbfe3 \mf

Obrv`r tk` Oibss L whff`r mv`r Bi ^hgg`r3 bfj Ghokbì _omtt, _r. tk` Oibss O whff`r mv`r

C`f _tulls. Zkhs hs Ghokbì‘s ahrst g`fthmf hf Zmphos3 k`‘s b autur` P_ZZB Kbii ma Abg`r, wkm

jhjf‘t omg` tm tk` _pmrt ufthi ghjji` be`. Hf 2854 k` lòbg` tk` Jhròtmr ma tk` Ubskhfetmf_tbt` ZZB whtk tbli`s s`t up bt tk` _`btti` Pfhv`rshty Tbvhihmf.

Ukm turfs up pibyhfe bt tk` ’Pfhv`rshty ma Mrèmf Oims`j‗ hf @ue`f` lut Nboc

Kmwbrj. Kuk= X`p‚k`‘s fm imfe`r ihvhfe hf Obihamrfhb. Ar`j K`rlst wrmt` g` k`‘j emtt`f b

’lug lr`bc wk`f Nboc Kmwbrj gmv`j tm _`btti`.‗ _bhj k`‘j ’nust brrbfe`j tm stbrt wmrc mf b

ombokhfe ahig whtk Nboc bfj b imobi abf,…b f`ws obg`rbgbf amr b ZQ stbthmf.‗ Bt tkhs

’Oims`j,‗ Nboc jhjf‘t whf tk` G`f‘s _hfei`s‚k` imst tm \ml \ml`rts hf 0 hf tk` s`gh‘s.

Uhff`r wbs _`btti`‘s Zmg \utthfe`r wkm‘j ìhghfbt`j Nàa Curtz hf : hf khs s`gh‘s. Kmwbrj,

kmw`v`r, jhj whf tk` G`f‘s Jmuli`s whtk \utthfe`r mv`r Nujy Lmok`fsch/\ml`rts. Bfj, bs

w`‘r` blmut tm s``, amr sur` k` bfj Nujy whii l` hf J`trmht amr tk` Jò. :-0 P_MZO‘s.

_@I@OZ@J FMZ@_.*Mkhm‘s Jmf Iymfs (ZZZ , Nbf.-A`l., 285<, <4) hs mf` wkm‘s bjbgbftiy bebhfst kbvhfe

tm piby b wmgbf hf G`f‘s _hfei`s. K` ehv`s bf `xbgpi` ma b gbf wkm‘s omij armg fmt kbvhfe

wbrg`j up wkhi` tk` ehri k`‘s tm piby‚mk, mk, b p`fkmij`r‚kbs wbrg`j up hf mtk`r `v`fts.

K` sbys ht‘s emmj prbotho` amr k`r, lut wkbt ha k` ims`s= ’Zk`r` em`s khs gbi` prhj`, rbfchfe

pmhfts, bfj b imt ma rhjhfe armg khs a iimw oiul g`gl`rs. Ukm hs bii tk` pr`ssur` mf=‗

Mrèmf‘s Imu Lmok`fsch (ZZZ , Fmv.-Jò., 2852, 24) prbhs`s tk` l`st g`f piby`rs hf

tk` Fmrtkw`st amr biimwhfe khs jbuekt`r Nujy tm hgprmv` ly pibyhfe hf G`f‘s `v`fts. K` ure`s

tk` P_ZZB tm okbfe` G`f‘s _hfei`s tm Mp`f _hfei`s. K` breu`s bfbimehobiiy tkbt, tkmuek tk`

ymufe bfj tk` mij kbv` tk`hr spòhbi Nufhmr bfj _`fhmr v`fts, tk`y obf piby hf Mp`f _hfei`s

(e`t l`tt`r, spòhbiiy tk` quhoc-tm-hgprmv` Nufhmrs, ly pibyhfe tmuek`r omgp`ththmf). _m hs tkè`fj`r jhaa`r`fo` sm er`bt tkbt wmg`f skmuijf‘t piby bebhfst g`f= Mlvhmusiy fmt, amr g`f bfj

wmg`f piby bebhfst mf` bfmtk`r hf Oibss v`fts.

Mkhm‘s Nhg _up`fscy (ZZZ , Gbr.-Bpr., 285<) sbys tkbt k`, p`rsmfbiiy, wmuijf‘t mlnòt

tm pibyhfe b wmgbf hf G`f‘s _hfei`s, lut tkbt tk`f, tm l` abhr, g`f muekt tm l` bli` tm piby hf

Umg`f‘s _hfei`s. K` suee`sts tkbt p`rkbps tk` pmw`rs-tkbt-l` omuij omfsmihjbt` tk` G`f‘s

bfj Umg`f‘s `v`fts hftm mf` `v`ft‚obii ht ’Mp`f‗ mr ’Okbgphmfskhp‗ _hfei`s. Zk`f bism

omfsmihjbt` tk` \bfchfe Ihsts hftm nust mf` suok ihst sm bs tm hfoiuj` lmtk g`f bfj wmg`f.

Kmw`v`r, Nhg amr`s``s b prmli`g>

’Zk` mfiy jhaahouity H s`` hf tkhs pibf hs hf tk` r`big ma hft`rfbthmfbi

omgp`ththmf. _uppms` tkbt mf` ma mur wmg`f j`vìmp`j suok b khek jèr`` ma schiitkbt sk` kbpp`f`j tm ebhf b l`rtk mf tk` fugl`r mf` P._. SG`f‘sW t`bg. SZkhfc ht

omuijf‘t kbpp`f= Zk` autur` omuij prmv` ymu wrmfe.W Umuij tk` H.Z.Z.A. biimw tk`

t`bg tm piby hf tk` Umrij Zmurfbg`ft= Umuij mtk`r omuftrh`s biimw tk`hr piby`rs tm

omgp`t` bebhfst b SG`f‘sW t`bg tkbt kbj b wmgbf g`gl`r=…Hs tk`r` bfy mtk`r spmrt

hf bfy mtk`r omuftry tkbt biimw wmg`f tm omgp`t` whtk g`f= Zkhs wmuij l` bf br`b hf

wkhok tk` P._.Z.Z.B. omuij phmf``r….‗



<?2

Bt tk`hr J`trmht P_MZO G``thfe, tk` P_ZZB @.O. wmuij ufbfhgmusiy pbss b

_tbfjhfe \ui` tkbt, ’Bfy tmurfbg`ft gby biimw Umg`f (Ehris) tm piby hf tk` G`f‘s (Lmys)

`v`fts ly hfjhobthfe tkhs mf Stk`W `ftry libfc, hf bjjhthmf tm Umg`f‘s (Ehris) `v`fts.‗ Lut tk`f

Nboc Obrr whii bsc \ui`s Okbhrgbf Oyrhi I`j`rgbf ha tkhs _tbfjhfe \ui` hsf‘t hf omfaihot whtk

Lyibw <.:002 tkbt sbys, ’Umg`f skbii l` biimw`j tm pbrthohpbt` wk`f b omgpbrbli` `v`ft amr

Umg`f hs fmt kìj mr hs obfoìi`j lòbus` ma hfsuaahoh`ft `ftrh`s.‗ Zkhs s``ghfe omfaihot pms`squ`sthmfs. ’Jm`s b Lyibw sup`ro`j` b _tbfjhfe \ui`=‗ Ha b spmfsmr us`s tkhs _tbfjhfe \ui`

whii khs \èhmfbi Jhròtmr mlnòt= Uhii bfymf` ìs`=

**\``s` ombutkmr`j tk` lrhje` lmmc

Jà`fj Uhtk Xmur Iha whtk bfmtk`r gbst`r piby`r/

t`bok`r, @jjh` Cbftbr. \`bj`rs ma tk`s` vmiug`s

whii r`g`gl`r @jjh` bs kbvhfe l``f hfjuot`j hftm

tk` Ghff`smtb Zbli` Z`ffhs Kbii ma Abg`, bfj bism

amr pbrthohpbthfe hf tk` 2805 _tmockmig Umrij

Okbgphmfskhps.



<?<

Okbpt`r @hekt``f

2852> Thttslurek Nufhmrs, F.X. G`f, Obfbjhbf Umg`f Uhf P_MZO‘s. 2852> Aiurry ma

Obfbjhbf Zmurfbg`fts. 2852> @.O. G``thfe/P_ZZB G`gl`rs‘ Zkmuekts mf Hgprmvhfe tk`

Bssmohbthmf.

Hf tk` P_MZO Nufhmr Z`bg ahfbi, Thttslurek‚Jbffy _``ghii`r, Lhii ^bt`c, Nm` \mcmp,bfj Kbfc Omuit`r‚jà`bt`j Mftbrhm‚Tbui Ci`vhfbs, Xu-Nhf Tbc, bfj Hgjbj Ckbf. F`w Xmrc wbs ?rj3 Ghff`smtb H, :tk. Urhthfe b I`tt`r ma Zkbfcs tm tk` J`trmht mrebfhz`rs (’tk`y rbf tk` l`st tmurfbg`ft amr piby`rs H‘v` `v`r l``f tm‗) wbs Imfe Hsibfj‘s Omsgm Erbkbg, b Nufhmr emmj fmuek tm kbv` l`bt`f \hocy \ugli` hf b Tkhiiy tmurf`y tkhs abii. Omsgm‘s quht` bf`ftkushbst‚kbs c`pt b ròmrj ma `v`ry gbtok k`‘s `v`r piby`j, l` ht hf b imobi i`beu` mr amur-

stbr tmurfbg`ft._``ghii`r emt hftm tk` r`bi tbli` t`ffhs wmrij s`v`rbi y`brs lboc ly

whffhfe b Thttslurek pibyermufj tmurfbg`ft. Jr. Lhii Ubic, tk` ThttslurekNufhmrs‘ Z`bg Obptbhf k`r`, k`brj blmut ht. B aìimw kbj omg` hftm khs

maaho` bfj ehv`f Lhii bf `y`-mp`f`r. ’K`y,‗ k` sbys, ’H cfmw wkm tk` l`st phfe-pmfe piby`r hf Thttslurek hs> _``ghii`r.‗

’_``…wkm=‗ sbys Lhii. ’Xmu‘j l`tt`r kbv` ymur `y`s okòc`j.K` obf‘t l` tk` l`st piby`r hf Thttslurek lòbus` H bg.‗ Bfj tkbt ma omurs` emt Jbffy bfj Lhii tme`tk`r.

_``ghii`r, bs H‘v` sbhj làmr`, hs b v`ryemmj lbs`lbii piby`r. Lut H muekt tm tìiymu tkbt khs t`bggbt` Lhii ^bt`c hs bism

v`ry emmj hf bfmtk`r spmrt, t`ffhs‚rbfcs:tk hf tk` Ghjji` _tbt`s 21 bfj Pfj`r. Hfb c`y gbtok hf tk` Thttslurek-Mftbrhm

th`, Lhii wbs jmwf : bjs hf tk` jòhjhfe?rj tm Tbc làmr` ahfbiiy puiihfe ht mut.

Kbfc ’Okhp‗ Omuit`r, bfmtk`r g`gl`r

ma tk` _``ghii`r t`bg, omuijf‘t stby brmufj tm kbv` khs photur`tbc`f, fmt `v`f amr tk` armft pbe` ma Zmphos. K` jhjf‘t wbft tmghss bfmtk`r jby ma sokmmi. Bat`r bii, k`‘s tk` t`bg ’e`fhus‗‚ gbj` khs mwf rmlmt, rhekt= Nm` \mcmp, wkm whtk b 8-2 ròmrj wbsv`ry guok hf tk` photur`, prmlbliy tmmc Kbfc‘s trmpky kmg` tmkhg. Lut Nm` wbs c``phfe amr khgsìa tk` lbii ma tkbt ibst ebg`

tkbt ebv` tk`s` Thttslurek nufhmrs tk` Okbgphmfskhp. K` jhjf‘tims` tkbt hf bii tk` kbfj-sibpphfe (’U`‘r` emffb kbv` b pbrty‗)

tbic.Lhii Ubic prbhs`j Nm` Thfsmf ma tk` _mutk Tbrc Oiul amr kbvhfe

`fomurbe`j nufhmrs mv`r tk` y`brs. Bii amur lmys piby bt _mutk Tbrc, r`pmrt`jiy tk` mij`stomfthfumusiy baahihbt`j oiul hf tk` omuftry, bfj Lhii ahfjs ht r`gbrcbli` tkbt whtk f`v`r b

rbfchfe g`f‘s piby`r tm prbotho` whtk, f`v`r tk` bjvbftbe` ma bfy prma`sshmfbi ombokhfe,tk`y‘v` jmf` sm wìi. Bk, Lhii, lut tk`s` lmys jmf‘t nust piby imobiiy, tk`y em mut bfj omgp`t`hf tmurfbg`fts, bfj br` prhvy tm wbtokhfe bfj sm i`brfhfe kmw smg` ma tk` l`st piby`rs hf tkòmuftry whf.

P_MZO Nufhmr Z`bgObptbhf Jr. Lhii Ubic

Lhii ^bt`c Tkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



<??

F.X. Uhfs G`f‘s

Uhtk E`mre`Lrbtkwbht` (2<-<), @rrmi \`s`c (2<-2), bfj GQT Bwbrjwhff`r Aubrfbjm \ml`rts (8-2)

stbrrhfe, bfj Zhg Lmeebf (24-4) bfj L`rfh` Luch`t (1-4)jmhfe ghfmr-pbrt gmp-ups‚ F`w Xmrc #2 wmf tk` Jò. :-0, 2852 P_MZO‘s G`f‘sOkbgphmfskhp. Hf tk` 0-2 ahfbibt J`tmht‘s Omlm Kbii, tk`y

l`bt Obfbjb‚J`r`c Ubii (20-?), @rrmi Ob`tbfm (2?-?), T`t`r Emfjb (8-<), bfj Ibrry I``(5-0). @v`f tkmuek tkhs ahfbi th` wbs rhfe`j rmufj whtkspòtbtmrs bfj a`btur`j Emfjb‘s ahf` piby bebhfst \`s`c,

bfj pbrthouibriy Ob`tbfm‘s spòtbouibr khtthfe bebhfst\ml`rts (@rrmi wbs twho` up 20-: mf \mllh`), Obfbjb

r`biiy jhjf‘t maa`r b oihgbotho okbii`fe`.Hfj``j, kbj tk` F.X. #< t`bg‚\mry Lrbsshfetmf

(22-:), _bg Kbggmfj (22-<), Jbv` Tkhihp (;-:), bfj NhgJhxmf (;-1)‚fmt cfmoc`j mut ’Lmstmf‗‚Jhoc Ghi`s (2<-2), Ihg Ghfe Okuh (2<-0). Bi`x _khrmcy (8-4), bfj T`t`r Trbjht (1-<)‚’Lmstmf‗ wmuij kbv` piby`j hf tk` ahfbi

hfst`bj ma Obfbjb. @brih`r, tkmuek Ghi`s bfj Trbjht lmtkjmwf`j Lrbsshfetmf bfj Jhxmf, f`htk`r omuij l`btKbggmfj, bfj Okuh, surprhshfeiy, imst bii tkr`` ma khs

gbtok`s.Kbggmfj, <?, wkm‘s fmt l``f hf tkhs omuftry v`ry

imfe, piby`j amr Ekbfb hf tk` ‘10 bfj ‘15 Umrij‘s bfj wbs

U`st Barhobf Okbgphmf hf 2811-1;. Bat`r t`bokhfe BarhobfKhstmry amr b wkhi` bfj fmt pibyhfe amr 5-; gmftks, k`‘somg` mv`r k`r` tm vhsht khs ufoi`. K`‘s bf maa-tk`-tbli` sphff`r wkm l`bt Trbjht wk`f ht‘s bii

2852 P_MZO‘s G`f‘s Z`bg Uhff`rs, I-\> Zhg Lmeebf, L`rfh`

Luch`t, E`mre` Lrbtkwbht`, Aubrfbjm \ml`rts, @rrmi \`s`c

T`t`r EmfjbTkmtm ly \uaamrj Kbrrhsmf

Ekbfb‘s _bg

Kbggmfj



<?:

mur Fbthmfbi Okbgphmf,

J-N I``, obf jm tm sphf pbst T`t`r. Ma omurs`

_bg bism kbs b ahf` lbockbfj immp tkbtTrbjht omuijf‘t kbfji`.J-N, wkm lòbg` bfBg`rhobf ohthz`f Mot. 2hf b Oi`vìbfj, Mkhm

omurtrmmg, tk`f smmfbat`r wmf tk` O`ftrbiObfbjhbf Mp`f bt _t.

Obtk`rhf`s, Mftbrhm,jhjf‘t piby amr 0tk-piboàhfhsk`r Mkhm‚Nmkf

Zbff`khii (2;-4), Nmkf_p`fo`r (2:-0), bfj ZhgM‘Ermscy (24-?)‚

lòbus` k`‘j kurt khs lboc bfj wbs shtthfe mut tkhs tmurfbg`ft.Tkhibjìpkhb‚\hokbrj Abrrìi (2?-:), Ghtok _`bithì (2<-?), Lhii _kbrp` (24-:), bfj

T`t`r _t`pk`fs (5-<)‚ahfhsk`j :tk nust l`khfj Obihamrfhb‚Ei`ff Omwbf (22-<), Nboc Kmwbrj

(22-?), @rwhf Ci`hf (24-2), bfj Tbui \bpkì (24-2). Obihamrfhb w`ft jmwf hf tk` s`gh‘s, 0-<,tm F`w Xmrc #2. Zkhs th` ebv` \ml`rts khs GQT Bwbrj, amr, phoc-khtthfe gbrvìmusiy, k` obg`

tkrmuek whtk bii ? whfs, b lhe mf` bebhfst Omwbf bat`r imshfe tk` 2st

, bfj b v`ry lhe mf` bebhfstCi`hf (wkm l`bt lmtk \`s`c bfj Lrbtkwbht ).

Zk` turfhfe pmhft ma tk` th` wbs prmlbliy tk` Omwbf-Lrbtkwbht` gbtok. Hf tk` 2st,Ei`ff, jmwf <4-21, rbiih`s, lut khs rbiiy jh`s bt 28. Iuoc kbs fmt l``f whtk khg tkhs ebg`, bfj

bt mf` pmhft k`‘s lbtt`j bwby b strbfe` strby lbii tkbt‘s omg` hftm tk`hr omurt armg tk` `gpty-tbli` br`b bii brmufj tk`g. Hf tk` <fj, E`mre` hs up <4-28 gbtok pmhft, bfj bat`r b t`fs`tmpsphf `xokbfe` Omwbf sgbocs mf` hf. Jùo`!‚Fm, wbht b ghfut`! Pgphr` Nhg \uskamrjkbs obii`j ’I`t!‗ K`‘s s``f b lbii omghfe hftm tk`hr omurt. ’B lbii! Ukbt lbii!‗ yìis Omwbf bfj

Nboc Kmwbrj obf‘t pusk tkrmuek GQT Uhff`r \ml`rtsTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf

2852 P_MZO‘s G`f‘s GQT Uhff`r

Aubrfbjm \ml`rtsArmg tk` 285< Ghff`smtb Oibssho Trmerbg

Thrbt`-obpp`j Ei`ff Omwbf obf‘t

kmij i`bj bebhfst \mllh`



<?0

bii ma Obihamrfhb. ’Jm`s bfylmjy s`` ht fmw= Uk`r` hs ht= Uk`r` omuij ht kbv` omg` armg=Uk`r` omuij ht kbv` emf`=‗ F`v`r ghfj‚armg tk` emjs mut hf smg` abr maa spbo` ht omg`tk3bfj tm tk`g r`turf`tk. Tiby r`sug`s bfj Zk` Okhà ma omurs` whfs tk` pmhft.

Bitkmuek Ghokhebf ahfhsk`j 8tk, <0-y`br-mij Jìi _w``rhs fmt mfiy wbs <2-2 lut hf tk`Hft`rfbthmfbi Z`bg _qubj (HZ_) Gbtok`s Arhjby fhekt, k` l`bt Lrbtkwbht`, Okuh, Omwbf,

I`sf`r, bfj Ci`hf.

Obfbjhbf Umg`f L`st

Zm whf tk` Umg`f‘s Okbgphmfskhp, Obfbjb‚Qhmi`ttb F`sucbhths (<2-2), Kì f _hg`ri (2<-5), Gbrhbff Jmgmfcms (2<-5), bfj Obptbhf Nmkf Zmgchfs‚jà`bt`j ruff`r-up _bf Jhèm‚ Tbtty Obsk (<2-<), Bfeìhtb \msbi (20-:), bfj Hft`rfbthmfbi

Tbfobc`-spmfsmr`j kmst`ss Ohfjy Ommp`r (1-2<). Zkhrj Tiboàhfhsk`r wbs Obihamrfhb‚U`fjy Khocs (<4-<), Nujy Lmok`fsch(28-:), K`btk`r Bfeìhf`ttb (<-2<), bfj Tbt Ormwi`y (2-2<)‚ wk`f, hf b lhe swhfe ebg`, _bf Jhèm‘s Ommp`r obg` armg <4-21

jmwf tm jà`bt Bfeìhf`ttb. Amurtk Tibo` w`ft tm F`w Xmrc, i`j ly Biho` Er `f (21-0), bfj Ahatk Tibo` tm Gbryibfj, i j ly

Lbrlbrb Cbghfscy (2:-;).Ht wbs Obfbjb‘s gmg`ft ma eimry tkmuek. Fbthmfbi Okbgp

F`sucbhths, hf whffhfe tk` GQT Bwbrj bebhf (sk` imst mfiy tmKhocs), sulstbfthbt`j tk` Truj`fthbi Hfsurbfo` Om.‘s smufj nujeg`ft hf ehvhfe k`r thg` maa bfj, ha H k`brj omrròtiy,spmfsmrhfe k`r‚tk` Bg`rhobf Om., skkk, tkus kìphfe tm tkwbrt

bf Bg`rhobf t`bg armg whffhfe.Kì`f _hg`ri, kbvhfe nust erbjubt`j

armg tk` Pfhv`rshty ma Zmrmftm‘s

Z`bok`r‘s Omiiè`, hs immchfe amr b nml. K`r twm spòhbith`s br ’Gbf hf

_moh`ty‗ bfj ’Euhjbfo`.‗ Lut ha, hf tk` mutshj` wmrij, Kì`f‘s fmt

ahfjhfe ht bsy tm e`t hftm tk` rhekt pmshthmf, hf mur ihtti` hfshj`wmrij, tk` Zmrmftm I`beu` kbs o`rtbhfiy kìp`j k`r ammtwmrc.Obs` hf pmhft> bebhfst Obihamrfhb, sk` ghx`s up Lmok`fsch whtkwkbt sk` obii`j k`r ’maa-lbibfo` jà`fs`,‗ tk`f ahfbiiy fjs tkhsv`ry hgpmrtbft gbtok ly ruffhfe brmufj k`r lbockbfj tm sgboc hf b s`fsbthmfbi amr`kbfj tm whf <0-<? hf tk` ?rj.

Gbrhbff Jmgmfcms hs mfiy 2?, lut ht wbs k`r st`bjyomftrhluthmf, tmm, tkbt `fbli`j tk` Obfbjhbfs tm tbc` tk` thti`.

Bitkmuek sk` imst b gbtok tm k`r Bg`rhobf omuft`rpbrt, JhbfbGy`rs, sk` l`bt bii tk` ?rj-pmshthmf piby`rs ma tk` tmp omft`fjhfet`bgs. Jhbfb bfj k`r jbj, Lhii, w`r`f‘t kbppy blmut Jhbfb, mf` ma mur gmst prmghshfe ymufe piby`rs, omghfe bii tk` wby armg

Mgbkb tm J`trmht tm piby mf b w`bc t`bg hf b w`bc kbia. Hs tkhsemhfe tm kìp k`r ebg` `vmiv`= Trmvhshmfs skmuij l` gbj` amr tkms` e`merbpkhobiiy trbpp`j3 tk` Umg`f‘s amrgbt okbfe`j‚ jmulti`ss, tmm, tm boomggmjbt` jmuli`s piby.

HKMT Kmst`ss Ohfjy Ommp`rTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf

K i f _hg`ri...maa rhfe EuhjbfoÀrmg Okhf`s` Jìèbthmf tm ‛52

Umrij‘s Tmrtamihm ma Tkmtms



<?1

Obfbjhbf Tiby mf tk` Hfor`bs`

Bs v`rymf` wkm‘s omg` tm tkhs 2:4-t`bg P_MZO‘s cfmws, tbli` t`ffhs bothvhty hs mf tk`hfor`bs` hf tk` P._. Lut sm ht hs hf Obfbjb tmm. C`f C`rr kbs b auii-thg` $2<,444 b y`br @xòuthv`Jhròtmr pmshthmf prmgmthfe tbli` t`ffhs hf Mftbrhm bimf`. Bfj Fmvb _omthb‘s \my Ebffmf, tkÒZZB @xòuthv` Jhròtmr, kbs l``f trbvìhfe tk` sgbii tmwfs bormss Obfbjb prmgmthfe tk` Ebg`

bs b omfo`rf ma tk` a`j`rbi emv`rfg`ft, bschfe rò o`ft`rs bfj sokmmi lmbrjs amr aufjs tm e`t tbli`shf sokmmis bfj urehfe sugg`rthg` tbli` t`ffhs pkyshobi trbhfhfe obgps. Hf tk` rbtk`r f`br autur`,kmw`v`r, Ebffmf whii l` susp`fj`j ly tk` OZZB‚tkmuek H jmf‘t cfmw wky.

Zk` Obfbjhbf emv`rfg`ft kbs bismspmfsmr`j amur $2044 tbli` t`ffhssokmibrskhps (amr T`t`r Emfjb, Jmr``f(Jbrhfcb) Nmvbfmv, Aimrb F`sucbhths, bfj

Bjkbg _kbrbrb) tm tk` Mftbrhm Omiiè` ma Brts. Hs ht nust b omhfohj`fo` tk`f, mr hs htObfbjb‘s hgbe` ma k`rsìa‚k`r tbli` t`ffhsjr`bg‚tkbt biimws k`r bir`bjy tm s`` tk`

hgg`jhbt` prbothobi r`suits ma kbvhfe bii tkr``ma k`r t`bgs‚G`f‘s, Umg`f‘s, Nufhmr‘s‚hf

tkhs y`br‘s ahfbis=B lhe r`bsmf amr Obfbjb‘s suoo`ss hs tkbt

armg Mot. tkrmuek Jò., bii bormss tk` vbstomuftry, tk`r`‘s l``f b aiurry ma tmurfbg`fts‚ tk`hr piby`rs piby. Ma omurs`, hf bok sòthmf w`s`` pr`tty guok tk` sbg` fbg`s. Hf tk` Ru`lò

br`b, Okbt`bueuby‘s 2?-y`br-mij GbrhbffJmgmfcms, ’wkm sbys sk` pibys p`rkbps 2<kmurs b w``c, hf tkr`` kmur s`sshmfs‗ (sk` bism rufs trboc bt k`r Lhiihfes sokmmi), wmf tk` Mot.

Okbt`bueuby Mp`f bfj whii whf tk` Ru`lò Oims`j. Immc amr Euy E`rgbhf tm tbc` tk` Ru`lòG`f‘s Oims`j armg \mj Xmufe wkm‘s tk`hr l`st Nufhmr piby`r whtk Pfj`r 20 Okbgp

Nboqu`s Lml`t, Nr. b oims` ruff`r-up. Pp bfjomghfe ymufest`rs br` Th`rr` Fmrgbfjhf bfjOkrhsthf` Amrem.

Hf Mftbrhm, J`r`c Ubii, rò`ftiyehv`f khs Kbrgmfh` Oiul‘s _hiv`r ThfBwbrj, hs sthii tmps‚k` wmf tkr`` abii

tmurfbg`fts> tk` _`pt. Zmrmftm U`st @fjX Mp`f mv`r khs j`sthf`j suoo`ssmr @rrmi

Ob`tbfm wkm wmuij jà`bt Gmjrhs ûips hftk` ahfbi ma tk` Mftbrhm Oims`j (bppbr`ftiyUbii wbs maa smg`wk`r`, wmuijf‘t l` pibyhfe)3 wmf tk` Mot. 8-24 O`ftrbi

Obfbjhbf Mp`f mv`r Luaabim‘s Nhg Jhxmf3bfj wmf tk` Mot. <?-<: Okbt`bueuby Mp`fmv`r T`t`r Emfjb, whff`r tk` amiimwhfew``c bt bf Mftbrhm \èhmfbi Oims`j mv`r

Bjkbg _kbrbrb...$2044

tbli` t`ffhs sokmibrskhpTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf

2852 Ru`lò Okbgphmf

Euy E`rgbhfTkmtm ly Zmg _ibt`r



<?5

Lhii Ok`fe. Zk` F`sucbhths shst`rs, tk` Umg`f‘s Jmuli`s pbhr ma Gbrh` C`rr bfj Kì`f _hg`ri,bfj Jmr``f Nmvbfmv bfj Lhrutb Tiuobs whtk tk`hr hgprmv`j piby, br` omgpi`thfe tk` prmo`ss ma tbchfe mv`r armg tk` mij eubrj ma N`ffy Gbrhfcm bfj Qìtb Bjghfhs. Lut Gbx Gbrhfcm bfjGmjrhs ûips omfthfu` tm lbtti` ht mut hf tk` _`fhmr‘s. Tbui Ci`vhfbs bfj Xu Nhf Tbc br` tk` l`st Nufhmrs whtk _t`v` Aìjst`hf emmj `fmuek fmw tm whf O _hfei`s. Lhii _mrms, \mf

Lhoc`rstbaa`, bfj Lml N`wìi r`gbhf Oibss L tkr`bts.Hf Gbfhtmlb piby, v`t`rbfArbfc Kmji wbs tk` Okbgphmf bt tk` Fmv. Pfhohty Mp`f (mv`r KbfsKhrsok) bfj wmuij l` tmm bt tkùpomghfe C`ystmf` Mp`f (mv`r Bfjr`w Xhfe, whff`r ma tk` ibt`r \`j

\hv`r Mp`f mv`r ^mit`f E`reìy).Zk` l`st ymufe wmgbf piby`r hf tk`br`b (? strbhekt tmurfbg`ft whfs mv`r Nboch Ehiokrhst) hs G``rb Zkbjbfh,

wkm i`brf`j tm piby hf Hfjhb. Lutshfo` tkhs tbli` t`ffhs-pibyhfe abghiy

kbsf‘t aufjs tm s`fj k`r rmufj tmtmurfbg`fts, ht‘s ufihcìy sk`‘iibokh`v` k`r prmghs`. B Gbfhtmlb piby`r hf tk` Pfj`r 2?‘s, Lrhbf ’Chj‗^`glho, w`‘ii k`br armg hf tk` autur`,khs lujjhfe fmtmrh`ty fmt omfahf`j tm

tbli` t`ffhs. Bt _bscbtmmf‘s \èhfbMp`f, _yivhm Cmm l`bt Arhtz Fbjrmwsch, smmf tm l` tkÒZZB Lmbrj g`gl`r amr _bscbtok`wbf. Bt tk` Bil`rtb

Mp`f, 22-thg` Okbgp Kmfe Gbr lbrìy emt ly 22-y`br-mij @jjh` Im, <4, <:.^mitbf ’^miih`‗ Tbtbcy, wkmg w`‘ii k`br gmr` blmut skmrtiy, hs tk` f`w lhe fbg` hf L.O.

K` wmf tk` Mot. G`gmrhbi Mp`f mv`r Tkhi Ok`fe bfj whii whf tk` Jò. L.O. Uhft`r _pmrts

A`sthvbi Mp`f mv`r _yivhm Cmm. Bismamrghjbli` br` tkÌm lrmtk`rs, Qhotmr bfj @jjh`, bfjT`t`r Nm`‚bii ma

tk`g obpbli` fmtmfiy ma whffhfe tk`

Nufhmr‘s lut fmwtk` Oibss B. ZkÙbrjs‚Kuek hftk` _`fhmr‘s, bfj

khs jbuekt`r I`sih`hf tk Umg`f‘s bfjNufhmr Ehris‚br`Jhvhshmf tkr`bts.

Lrhbf ’Chj‗ `glhc 22-Zhg`s Bil`rtb Mp`f

Okbgphmf Kmfe GbrArmg OZZB F`ws, Bpr., 285<, 25

Qbfomuv`r‘s Kuek UbrjTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf

Qbfomuv`r‘s I`sih` UbrjTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



<?;

@.O. G``thfe/G`gl`rs‘ Zkmuekts mf P_ZZB

Bs usubi, tk`r` wbs bf @.O. G``thfe jurhfe tk` Z`bg Okbgphmfskhps. Boomrjhfe tmtk` Ghfut`s (ZZZ , Nbf.-A`l., 285<, 8-24), amr tk` kbia-s`bsmf p`rhmj armg Nuf` 2 tkrmuek Fmv`gl`r, tk` P_ZZB‘s ’`xp`fjhtur` mv`r hfomg` wbs $<,05:.:4 amr b tmtbi `xp`fs` ma $2?,881.?4 bfj b Lbibfo` _k``t skmwhfe tk` f`t wmrtk ma tk` P._.Z.Z.B. bs $2?,?45.8;.‗

Ar`j K`rlst‘s gmthmf tm ’hfor`bs` tk` luje`t ma Zbli` Z`ffhs Zmphos ly b gbxhgug ma $<,444bjjhthmfbi amr tk` r`gbhfj`r ma tk` ahsobi y`br‗ wbs obrrh`j :-?-2 (tkbt hs, whtk 2 blst`fthmf).Ar`j K`rlst gmv`j tkbt ’244 omph`s ma tk` Okhfb trhp hssu` ma Zbli` Z`ffhs Zmphos l` s`ft tm`bok oiul bfj tkbt w` bsc amr b jmfbthmf ma $24 p`r oiul wbs obrrh`j ufbfhgmusiy.‗ K`rlstbism gmv`j, ’Zkbt tk` Zmphos @jhtmr us` khs `jhtmrhbi r`spmfshlhihty tm jì`t` sibfj`rmusstbt`g`fts bfj bttbocs mf hfjhvhjubis armg Zmphos brthoi`s.‗ Zkhs ’wbs obrrh`j 0 amr, 2 bebhfst.‗

Nboc Kmwbrj sbhj tkbt ’ufamrtufbtìy ju` tm tk` ar`` bvbhiblhihty armg H.L.G. l`hfe

whtkjrbwf, tk` SrbthfeW syst`g kbj tm l` r`prmerbgg`j amr b sgbii`r omgput`r bfj tk``xp`fs`s hfourr`j jurhfe tk` ahsobi y`br 2854/52 fjhfe Gby ?2st wbs tk` sug ma $0?1.‗ Nboc bsc`j tm l` r`hglurs`j‚bfj wbs ly ufbfhgmus vmt`. Nmkf \`bj gmv`j tkbt tk` @.O. ’luje`t$;04 gbxhgug amr tk` 2852/5< rbthfe prmerbg‗‚bfj tkhs pbss`j :-4-?.

Tr`shj`ft _t``fkmv`f ’sulghtt`j omph`s ma b omftrbot tm g`gl`rs ma tk` @.O. tkbt kbj l``f shef`j ly khg, omv`rhfe b p`rhmj ma < y`brs wkhok, `xoiujhfe omftrbots bir`bjy hf

`xhst`fo`, ehv`s G`jhb tk` butkmrhty tm gbrc`t bii ht`gs omffòt`j whtk tk` P._.Z.Z.B., sulnòttm tk` P._.Z.Z.B. kbvhfe ahfbi sby hf tk` bpprmvbi ma bfy `quhpg`ft hfvmiv`j.‗ (H‘v` fm ròmrj

ma G`jhb `v`r gbrc`thfe bfytkhfe amr tk` P_ZZB.)K`rlst gmv`j, ’Zkbt bpprmvbi l` ehv`f amr tk` ahrst

P._. Oims`j Fbthmfbi Zbli` Z`ffhs Okbgphmfskhps, tm l`kìj Nuiy <;/<8/?4, 285<, tm tk` _mutk`rf Obihamrfhb Zbli`

Z`ffhs Bssmohbthmf, tk` tmurfbg`ft tm l` kìj hf tk` ImsBfeì`s br`b. Zkhs wbs obrrh`j ufbfhgmusiy.‗ (Zk` jbt`wmuij ibt`r l` okbfe`j tm Fmv`gl`r. Lut tk` tmurfbg`ft‚

wkhok lboc hf tk` sugg`r ma 2854 wbs l`hfe pibff`j amr by`br ibt`r whtk Nmkf Kbffb bs Jhròtmr bfj tk` Ru``f Gbrybs tk` v`fu`‚wmuij f`v`r kbpp`f.)

K`rlst‘s prmpms`j Lyibw okbfe`, tkbt ’b pibyhfe p`rght skbii l` biimw`j Sfmt bt ’bfy chfj‗ ma tmurfbg`ft lutW bt mf` bfj twm stbr tmurfbg`fts, SomstW tm l` $2.44 amr bjuits bfj $.04 amr nufhmrs‗ wmuij ehv` wby ibt`r tm GbiBfj`rsmf‘s bpprmv`j gmthmf tkbt b ’pibyhfe p`rght whii l`biimw`j bt bfy sbfothmf`j tmurfbg`ft bt tk` omst ma $<.44

bjuits bfj $2.44 nufhmrs.‗Nboc Obrr‘s prmpms`j Lyibw okbfe`, ’Zkbt amr `v`ry

P._.Z.Z.B. g`gl`rskhp smij bt tmurfbg`fts whtkhf bP._.Z.Z.B. Jhstrhot Baahihbt` br`b <4% skbii l` ehv`f tm tk` Jhstrhot Baahihbt`‗ wmuij ehv` wbytm Bfj`rsmf‘s gmthmf, obrrh`j ufbfhgmusiy, tkbt, ’Amr `v`ry ahrst thg` mr uperbj`j P._.Z.Z.B.g`gl`rskhp smij ly bf baahihbt`j oiul, tk` baahihbt`j oiul whii rò`hv` 20% bfj tk`

omrr`spmfjhfe baahihbt`, ha tk`r` hs mf`, whii rò`hv` 0% ma tk` g`gl`rskhp a``. Zkhs whii fmthfoiuj` pibyhfe p`rghts mr r`f`whfe b ibps`j g`gl`rskhp.‗ Baahihbt`s ghekt l`tt`r fomurbe` mut-ma-tmwf`rs, b aìimw wrmt` hf tm Zmphos tm sby, ha hf tk`hr ihsthfes bok wmuij l` sur` tm hfoiuj` b pkmf` fugl r. Bism, k` tkmuekt tk` P_ZZB muekt tm ihst ’fmf-P_ZZB oiuls mr pibo`s tm piby.‗

Nmkf Kbffb - emffb ruf

b P._. Oims`j=



<?8

B f`w piby`r, b lèhff`r, s`fjs b I`tt`r tm tk` @jhtmr tkbt suok piby`rs f``j kìp>

…’Gmst ma tk`s` piby`rs jmf‘t cfmw tk` rui`s mr wkbt chfj ma pbjji` tk`yskmuij us`, mr wkbt tk` jhaa`r`ft chfjs ma pbjji`s br` us`j amr, mr tk` jhaa`r`ft chfjs ma khts (amr`kbfj immp, lbockbfj immp, chii, `to.). H tkhfc `bok f`w g`gl`r skmuij l` s`ft

hfamrgbthmf bs tm wk`r` k` obf prbotho`, i`brf tk` t`rgs bfj rui`s ma tk` ebg`, mr wk`r` k` obf wrht` tm e`t tk`s` tkhfes….H `fnmy tk` ZZZ, lut ht skmuij kbv` bt i`bst b pbe` mr twm ma hiiustrbthmfs bfj hfstruothmfs bfj hfamrgbthmf amr lèhff`rs. Ber``j=‗SB r`qu`st amr hfamrgbthmf tm tk` G`gl`rskhp Okbhr muekt tm prmjuo` r`suits (bjjr`ssobf l` amufj twho` hf Zmphos). Lut @jhtmr Lmeebf, tkmuek k` wìomg`s bfj whii prhftbrthoi`s ma bii chfjs, skmuij tbc` tk` hfhthbthv` tm khgsìa r`qu`st gmr` gbt`rhbi amr lèhff`rs. Ukbt tk` kìi, ha L.A. _chff`r obf t`bok phe`mfs tm piby Thfe-Tmfe, hgbehf`

wkbt b imobi oiul ombok obf jm amr kugbfs.W

Bt tkhs Jò. G``thfe, ’Lyibw okbfe`s sulghtt`j hf wrhthfe ly Q-T Lmeebf…Sr`quhr`Waurtk`r omfshj`rbthmf amr rbthahobthmf bt b suls`qu`ft g``thfe.‗

Lmeebf‘s prmpms`j Lyibw okbfe` tkbt ’Lmys Pfj`r 2? _hfei`s, Ehris Pfj`r 2?_hfei`s, Nufhmrs Pfj`r 22 _hfei`s‗ armg fmw mf l` gbfjbtmry `v`fts bt mur P._. Mp`f wmuij

ibt`r l` pbss`j 5-4. Lmys bfj Ehris Pfj`r 25 Jmuli`s, Lmys bfj Ehris Pfj`r 20 Jmuli`s bfjPfj`r 2? Jmuli`s wmuij amiimw.

Lmeebf‘s prmpms`j Lyibw okbfe` tm rbhs` tk` g`gl`rskhp a``s amr Bjuits tm $24.44amr 2 y`br, tm $<4 amr ? y`brs, bfj tm $244 amr Iha` wmuij ibt`r l` pbss`j ufbfhgmusiy.Kmw`v`r, khs prmpmsbi tm rbhs` tk` Nufhmr ju`s armg $<.44 tm $0.44 wmuij l` r`nòt`j. B fmf-g`gl`r‘s sulsorhpthmf tm Zmphos wmuij omst $03 b shfei` ompy $2.

Lmeebf‘s prmpms`j Lyibw okbfe` tm jì`t` tk` amiimwhfe r`quhr`g`fts tm ruf amr P._.Z.Z.B. @.O. maaho` wmuij ibt`r l` obrrh`j 0-<>

’…Kbv` pr`vhmusiy s`rv`j bs b P._.Z.Z.B. _tbfjhfe Omgghtt`` g`gl`r amr bti`bst b y`br.

…Kbv` pbss`j tk` wrhtt`f ugphr` `xbg.

…Kbv` ’l``f bf @.O. g`gl`r bt i`bst amr twm y`brs‗ ha wbfthfe tm ’s`rv` bs`htk`r Tr`shj`ft mr Qho` Tr`shj`ft….‗

@.O. g`gl`rs Obrr bfj Lmeebf, whtk abr jhaa`r`ft p`rsmfbihth`s bfj omftrhluthmfs tmP._. Zbli` Z`ffhs, whii ruf bebhfst mf` bfmtk`r hf tk` sprhfe ma 285< amr tk` Bssmohbthmf‘sTr`shj`foy. Zhg, wk`tk`r k`‘s auiiy bwbr` y`t k`‘s emhfe tm mppms` Nboc mr fmt, kbs ibsk`j mut

bt khg bt i`fetk (ZZZ , _`pt.-Mot., 2852, 2<). Uky= Lòbus` amr b wkhi` k`‘s kbj s`rhmusr`s`rvbthmfs blmut khg, bfj hs fmw hfo`fs`j ly b skmrt brthoi` Nboc‘s wrhtt`f obii`j ’Ehv`

Oiuls Zk` Qmt`.‗Hf tkhs brthoi`, Nboc ihsts (Zhg sbys jhsghsshvìy tkbt Nboc ’hs amr`v`r ’ihsthfe‗) ’smg` ma

tk` ht`gs‗ oiuls jm. Zhg tbc`s mlnòthmf hf pbrt tm Nboc‘s sìòthmf, a`ìs k` mv`rstbt`s oiulàaòthv`f`ss. Zm ufj`rstbfj wky Zhg‘s sm vmibthi` w` kbv`, ahrst, tm em lboc tm tk` sugg`r

@.O. G``thfe wk`r` Nboc kbj prmpms`j (tk` prmpmsbi jhsghss`j amr iboc ma b sòmfj) tkbt `bokbaahihbt`j oiul, rèbrji`ss ma tk` fugl`r ma hts g`gl`rs, l` ehv`f mf` vmt`, bfj mf` vmt` mfiy,hf tk` ìòthmf ma autur` maaho`rs, bfj tkbt tkhs g`tkmj ma vmthfe muekt tm suppibft tk` pr`s`ftg`tkmj wk`r`ly `bok g`gl`r vmt`s amr tk` maaho`r ma khs okmho`.



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Zhg qu`sthmfs Nboc‘s gmthv` amr tkhs f`w g`tkmj ma vmthfe. K` sbys, I`t‘s suppms`tkbt f`xt y`br hs bf ìòthmf y`br amr Gr. Obrr, wkhok ht hs, bfj i`t‘s suppms` tkbt, sby, Gbemm‘soiul hf Ghff`bpmihs, mr Ghiib Lmozbr‘s oiul hf Kmiiywmmj, kbs, sby, ;8 P_ZZB g`gl`rs. Bfji`t‘s suppms`, tmm, tkbt tk`r`‘s sujj`fiy b f`wiy amrg`j oiul‚mk, sby, hf Qhrehfhb, whtk tk`r`quhsht` 0 g`gl`rs. Fmw Nboc, bs ymu gby mr gby fmt cfmw, hs tk` @.O. maaho`r hf okbre` ma

Okbhr \hokbrj Aù`rst`hf‘s Baahihbt`j Oiuls Omgghtt`` bfj ma omurs` wmuij ihc` tm jm wkbt kòbf tm hfsur` tk` erbthtuj` ma `bok bfj `v`ry mf` ma tk` 2?5 Baahihbt`s bfj : Jhstrhot Baahihbt`sihst`j hf tk` _`pt.-Mot., 2852 Zmphos. Pfj`r Nboc‘s prmpmsbi, tkhs f`wiy amrg`j Qhrehfhb oiul ma 0 wmuij kbv` tk` sbg` pmw`r ma mf` shfei` vmt` amr bf @.O. maaho`r bs tkbt tkrhvhfe oiul ma ;8g`gl`rs.

Mr, tm immc bt Nboc‘s prmpmsbi bfmtk`r wby, ihc` `jehfe mf`‘s wby rmufj b si``phfe lbshihsc, absohfbt`j tkbt bt bfy gmg`ft tk` `y`s ghekt mp`f bfj ehv` maa tkbt abtbi eibfo`, ha :0

ma tkms` tkrhvhfe ;8 g`gl`rs vmt`j mf` wby, bfj :: tk` mtk`r‚wìi, tmuek iuoc amr tk` whp`jmut. _m tkbt, tk`mr`thobiiy, tk` vmt` ma 0 f`w g`gl`rs, mr ha tk` vmt` l`tw``f tk`g w`ft ?-<, ? p`mpi`‘s vmt` wmuij omuft lut :: p`mpi`‘s vmt`s wmuij fmt. Z`jhmus brhtkg`tho, ht gby l`‚ lut fò`ssbry tm prmt st b wkmi`sbi` sibuekt`r.

Fmw Nboc hs lboc‚bfj tkhs thg` hf prhft. K` kbs bf bit`rfbt` suee`sthmf‚fbgìy>’Uky fmt ehv` mur Oiuls tk` vmt` amr @.O. g`gl`rs, bt tk` rbt` ma mf` vmt` p`r `v`ry ahv` auii-

thg` bjuit P_ZZB g`gl`rs=‗ Uky, sbys Zhg, jm`s Nboc jìhekt hf ushfe p`mpi` bs omuft`rs,r`juohfe tk`g tm blstrbothmfs= Uky hs k` sm bfth-hfjhvhjubi= Ht‘s tkhs ’bt tk` `gpty-ohst`rfk`brt ma khs kbrj-wmrchfe-fhekt-bat`r-fhekt pkhimsmpky blmut tk` Ebg`‗ tkbt Zhg sm tbc`svhemrmus `xo`pthmf tm. Zhg‘s r`ghfj`j ma kmw Nboc kbj sbhj, ’H jmf‘t ehv` b jbgf wk`tk`r bfy hfjhvhjubi piby`rs, pbrthouibriy tk` l`st ma mur pr`s`ft jby piby`rs, `v`r em tm tk` Umrij‘s,`v`r em blrmbj hf tkhs jòbj` mr tk` f`xt‗‚bf btthtuj` wkhok Zhg tkhfcs hs fmt g`rìy

brrmebftiy hfjhaa`r ft lut fèbthv` tm aurtk`rhfe tk` _pmrt, spòhbiiy fèbthv` bfjmlnòthmfbli` wk`f kìj ly bf maaho`r ma tk` P_ZZB.

Xmu obffmt ’ehv`‗ tk` oiuls bfytkhfe, sbys Zhg, ufi`ss tk` hfjhvhjubis hf suok oiuls

l`fàht. Bfj ymu jm fmt ’ehv`‗ tk` vmt` tm hfjhvhjubis ly tbchfe bwby armg tkms` sbg`hfjhvhjubis bt b rbthm ma : tm 2 tk` vmt` tk`y bir`bjy kbv`. _urìy wkbt tk` P_ZZB wbfts hs fmti`ss p`mpi` tm vmt` lut gmr`‚gmr` p`mpi` tm vmt` hftìihe`ftiy.

Zhg hs hfj``j pbsshmfbt`…bfj vhtrhmiho>

’…H bg `frbe`j bs Nboc hs arustrbt`j. @frbe`j ly Nboc‘s hefmrbfo` mr kypmorhsy. @frbe`j bt khs syst`g ma prhmrhth`s, khs iboc ma vhshmf. Ma omurs` H‘g l`hfet`rrhliy kbrj mf khg. Bfj p`rkbps mf gysìa‚shfo` ht‘s sobroìy pmihtho amr g` tm ibskmut sm.

Lut‚H jmf‘t cfmw kmw ìs` tm jrbgbthz` ht‚tk` r`bi trmuli` whtk tbli` t`ffhstmjby hs tkbt wkhok Gr. Obrr whii ihcìy f`v`r l` bli` tm e`t bt. Bfj tkbt hs, gmr` tkbf

w` f``j lbjiy f``j`j bgbtùr oiuls tkbt omg` bfj em ma b okbfehfe _bturjbybat`rfmmf, w` f``j auii thg` prmgmt`rs bfj prma`sshmfbi piby`rs. U` f``j piby`rs whtkBrfmij Tbig`r-ihc` okbrhsgb tm jrbgbthz` tk` spmrt, tm lòmg` k`rm`s tm tk` ymufewkm, bs tkhfes br` pusk`j lboc bfj amrtk mv`r tk` @xòuthv` tbli` fmw, kbv`, H‘g

barbhj, blsmiutìy fm autur` hf tk` Ebg`….‗

Fbturbiiy Nboc r`spmfjs. Bt tk` sugg`r @.O. G``thfe, k` sbys, tk` @.O., hfoiujhfeLmeebf, tkmuekt ht b emmj hj`b tm amiimw Gmrt ^bcbrhf‘s suee`sthmf tkbt ’làmr` w` omfshj`r



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Lyibw okbfe`s w` skmuij i`brf tk` rui`s ma mtk`r fbthmfbi fmf-prmaht mrebfhzbthmfs, pbrthouibriy tkms` ma tk` P._. Ibwf Z ffhs Bssmohbthmf….S_m, sbys Nboc,W i`t‘s kbv` tk` @.O.jm hts kmg`wmrc, hfst`bj ma vmhohfe g`bfhfei`ss e`f`rbihth`s, p`rsmfbi a`ìhfes, bfj f`br kyst`rhobi boousbthmfs kbvhfe ihtti` mr fm lbshs hf abot.‗

Bs ht kbpp`fs, sbys Nboc, tk` P._. Ibwf Z`ffhs Bssmohbthmf, ’ma wkhok H bg b g`gl`r

bfj maahohbi ugphr` (maahohbthfe bt tk` pbst twm Hfjmmr Fbthmfbi Okbgphmfskhps), jm`s fmtbiimw vmt`s ly hts hfjhvhjubi P_IZB g`gl`rs. Kmw jm`s tkbt erbl ymu= Zk` vmthfe hs jmf` lytk` oiuls, tk` fugl`r ma vmt`s j`t`rghf`j ly tk` typ` ma oiul.‗

Nboc tk`f em`s mf, bs k` sbys, tm ’sthoc whtk abots hfst`bj ma ahothmf, rk`tmrho, bfjkypmtk`thobi kypmtk`s`s.‗ K`‘s f`htk`r hefmrbft fmr kypmorhthobi, k` sbys, tm pmhft mut tkbtvmthfe hs fmt jmf` ly hfjhvhjubi g`gl`rs hf gbfy mtk`r mrebfhzbthmfs‚amr xbgpi , tk` Fbthmfbi Bssmohbthmf ma Tbrihbg`ftbrhbfs (imobi ufhts kbv` prmrbt j vmt`s), tk` Bg`rhobf

Lmwihfe Omfer`ss (\èhmfbi baahihbt`s ehv`f b prmpmrthmfbi fugl`r ma vmt`s), tk` P._. Ok`ssA`j`rbthmf (vmthfe jmf` ly _tbt` Jhròtmrs, ’mf` jhròtmr amr `v`ry 244 auii fbthmfbig`gl`rs‗), tk` Fbthmfbi \hai` Bssmohbthmf (vmthfe jmf` ly IHA@ g`gl`rs), tk` Fmrtk-_mutk_chrghsk`rs Bssmohbthmf (’mf` vmt` p`r oiul fm gbtt`r tk` shz` ma tk` oiul‗), bfj sm mf,

omfvhfohfeiy.Zhg hs oi`briy wrmfe amr booushfe Nboc ma l`hfe hefmrbft mr kypmorhthobi whtkmut

spòhahobiiy lbochfe up khs boousbthmfs, jmuliy wrmfe hf abot ehv`f tk` omft`xt. Kmw`v`r, k`‘sfmt hgpr`ss`j ly Nboc‘s gbrskbihfe ma tk`s` vmthfe abots‚gmr` ihsts, k` tkhfcs. Ht‘s fmt`fmuek, k` sbys, hf mur Bg`rhob, wk`r` gmst ma us sthii vbiu` tk` abot tkbt `v`ry gbf gust l`biimw`j khs hfjhvhjubi vmho`, tm sby tkbt w` skmuij jm b tkhfe lòbus` mtk`rs jm ht. Uky hf tk`wmrij skmuij tk` P_ZZB l` ihc` tk` Fmrtk-_mutk _chrghsk`rs=

Zkhs Obrr-Lmeebf schrghsk, pr`pbrbtmry tm tk` lbtti` ihf`s jrbwf, tk` suppmrt smijh`rs

gust`r`j, lrmuekt amrtk smg` tkmuektaui omgg`fts mf tk` stbt` ma tk` Bssmohbthmf ly lmtk_.N. A`rthttb bfj Ar`j Jbff`r. K`r`‘s A`rthttb>

’…Zk` P_ZZB hs mf` ma tk` a`w mrebfhzbthmfs tkbt kbs fm ‛erbss rmmt‘amufjbthmfs. Ht kbs fm r`bi tmp-tm-lmttmg mrebfhzbthmf…fm imobi suppmrt. _ur`, ht kbsg`gl`rs bfj baahihbt` oiuls wkm immc tm ht amr euhjbfo` mf rui`s bfj gbtt`rs

omfo`rfhfe tbli` t`ffhs, lut ht ehv`s ihtti` ìs` tm tk`s` Sg`gl`rs bfj oiulsW. Bfj,r`turfhfe hf chfj, tk`y ehv` ihtti` tm tk` P_ZZB mtk`r tkbf ju`s bfj b smrt ma ihp s`rvho`tkbt ghekt l` ghstbc`f amr b j`sp`rbt` f``j tm kbv` b s`fs` ma lìmfehfe. Zk` P_ZZBhs o`rtbhfiy b stbaa mrebfhzbthmf (tk` `xòuthv` omgghtt``) whtkmut b ihf` mrebfhzbthmf tmobrry mut hts pmihoh`s.

Zk` P_ZZB hs emhfe hf tk` mppmsht` jhròthmf armg emmj i`bj`rskhp. Ht hs

amrohfe tk` oiuls hftm hfj`p`fj`fo` bfj fmf-sbfothmf`j bothvhth`s.* Ht kbs hfsthii`j tkà`ìhfe tkbt tk` P_ZZB hs g`rìy bf kmfmr smoh`ty amr tk` sìòt a`w whtk fm hft`r`st hf

bfj fm omfshj`rbthmf amr tk` spmrt bt tk` imobi i`vì.Ukbt tk` P_ZZB jm`sf‘t jm hs ihghti`ss, lut bs b stbrt ht kbs abhi`j tm r`fj`r tk`

i`bj`rskhp r`quhr`j ma b fbthmfbi mrebfhzbthmf. Ht kbs abhi`j tm mrebfhz` htsìa prmp`riybfj tk`ràmr` tk` rbfc bfj ahi` ma tbli` t`ffhs ibocs struotur` bfj ommrjhfbthmf….

…Zk` rèhmfbi bfj imobi mrebfhzbthmfs tkbt jm `xhst kbv` fm r`bi stbtur`, bfjmfiy b v`ry t`fumus ihfc tm tk` fbthmfbi mrebfhzbthmf. Bs imfe bs tkhs typ` ma rìbthmfskhp `xhsts, tk`r` obf l` fm `xt`fshmf ma pmw`r, fm ermwtk bfj mfiy tk`sihgg`st ma imybity tm tk` emv`rfhfe lmjy.



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Uky fmt r`-`vbiubt` tk` P_ZZB mrebfhzbthmfbiiy= Uky fmt i`t tkhs gbtt`r ma oiul vmthfe l` tk` sthguius amr b ròmfstruothmf prmerbg tm ehv` tbli` t`ffhs tk` chfjma gmj`rf tmp-tm-lmttmg mrebfhzbthmf ht f``js tm ermw‚hfj``j, tm survhv`=

Uky obf‘t tk` oiul l` tk` amufjbthmf…bs b g`gl`r mrebfhzbthmf whtk b sby hfbii gbtt`rs bfj b jhotug armg tk` fbthmfbi mrebfhzbthmf tm obrry mut pr`sorhl`j pmihoy=

Uky fmt kbv` stbt` jhròtmrs bs ihbhsmf l`tw``f tk` @.O. bfj tk` oiuls=…Immc bt tk` p`tty squblli`s, tk` hfvòthv`s tkbt ahii tk` omiugfs ma Zmphos,tk` hgprbothobi lyibws tkbt aurtk`r bih`fbt` lmtk g`gl`rs bfj baahihbt`s bihc`. Immc bttk` ahfbfohbi shtubthmf, tk` wmrij rbfchfes, tk` iboc ma hft`r`st…hf abot, phoc mut bfybspòt ma tbli` t`ffhs ymu whsk bfj ymu‘ii ahfj prmli`g bat`r prmli`g.

Ukm obf okbfe` ht bii=…

Jbff`r breu`s (ZZZ , Fmv.-Jò., 2852, ;) tkbtf`htk`r Zhg‘s j`shr` tm j`vìmp tmp P._. piby`rs mr Nboc‘sj`shr` tm j`vìmp oiuls bfj i`beu`s kbs ’guok okbfo` tm lrhfe blmut tk` okbfe`s w` f``j‗ tm prmgmt` tk` Ebg`.

Zm lèhf whtk, Ar`j str`ss`s tk` P_ZZB‘s f``j amr r`smuro`s‚amr ’t`bgs ma omgp`t`ft prmgmt`rs wkm obf

l` omgp`fsbt`j jhròtiy armg tk` suoo`ss ma tk`hr prmgmthmfs,‗ bfj amr ’boo`ss tm puliho abohihth s.‗

TBX tm prmaht, sbys Ar`j‚pby mur g`gl`rskhpokbhrgbf amr bok f`w g`gl`r k` obf lrhfe hf3 pby bP_ZZB maahohbi amr `v`ry pbhj tmp-piby`r `xkhlhthmf k` obfbrrbfe`** (24% ma piby`rs‘ tmtbi a`` tm em tm kìp spmfsmr

mur P._. Z`bg tm tk` Umrij‘s)3 pby tmurfbg`ftomgghtt``s tm ruf wìi-btt`fj`j P_ZZB Mp`ftmurfbg`fts3 pby b P_ZZB maahohbi b omgghsshmf amr

e`tthfe b omrpmrbthmf tm bjv`rths` hf b tmurfbg`ft prmerbg mr hf mur fbthmfbi gbebzhf`. Lrhfe hf aufjs, tmm, ly bschfe P_ZZB g`gl`rs wkm e`t pbhj amr bpp`brhfe

mf ZQ mr amr wrhthfe brthoi`s tm ehv` b p`ro`ft ma tkbtgmf`y tm tk` P_ZZB ’Ahekthfe Aufj.‗ (Ar`j ghekt kbv`bjj`j tkbt Nboc Obrr kbs tkus abr e`f`rmusiy r`ghtt`j mv`r $504 hf rmybith`s armg khs

Bjvbfo`j Zbli` Z ffhs lmmc tm tk` P_ZZB @.O.)Ar`j sbys tkbt tk` prmli`g ma e`tthfe spòtbtmrs tm wbtok emmj tbli` t`ffhs hs v`ry

j`p`fj`ft mf tk` abohihth s bvbhibli`>

’…Tr`s`ft tmurfbg`fts br` e`f`rbiiy ruf hf sokmmi luhijhfes mr hf imw-r`ft

stmrbe` luhijhfes hf b pmmr sòthmf ma tmwf. Gmst tmurfbg`fts kbv`f‘t `v`f emt`fmuek s`bts amr tk` piby`rs guok i`ss tk` a`w p`mpi` wkm skmw up. Zk`Sufcfmwi`je`bli W p`mpi` wkm omg` Se`f`rbiiyW jmf‘t e`t bfy hfamrgbthmf mf wkm hswkm…bfj br` fmt ihcìy tm omg` bebhf…._pòtbtmrs br` tmij tm c``p quh`t `v`ry sm

mat`f ha tk`y try tm rmmt amr tk`hr abvmrht` piby`r. Fm `xpibfbthmfs br` bvbhibli` tm tk` prmspòthv` abf ma tk` tbothos l`hfe us`j hf tk` gbtok`s mr ma tk` pr`vhmus ròmrjs ma bii lut tk` ahfbi-rmufj piby`rs. U` gust bii `bt mutshj` ma tk` pibyhfe br`bs, smspòtbtmrs obf‘t wbtok wkhi` tk`y `bt. Bfj ma omurs` w` jmf‘t biimw sgmchfe hf tk`

Ar`j Jbff`r - v`r r`bjy whtk suee`sthmfsTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



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pibyhfe br b, b rui tkbt gby kbv` g`rht lut wkhok gby bism jhsomurbe` tk` abf.Kmw obf w` `v`r e`t pbhj spòtbtmrs hf ibre` fugl`rs ufi`ss w` gbc` tk`g

a`ì tkbt tbli` t`ffhs `v`fts br` ahrst oibss bothvhth`s bfj tkbt tk`y tk`gsìv`s br` b gmsthgpmrtbft pbrt ma tk`s` bothvhth`s.‗

Zbli` Z`ffhs, sbys Ar`j, kbs b r`bi nml omgp`thfe amr spmrts abfs wk`f tkms` abfs brùs`j tm wìi-prmgmt`j `v`fts.Ukbt‘s bism wrmfe, bscs Ar`j, whtk b tmp piby`r bpprmbok tm try tm gmv` tk` Ebg`=

Uky fmt j`vìmp ’emmj ymufe piby`rs hftm wmrij l`bt`rs bfj s`fj tk`g bii mv`r tk` piboàuiiy sulshjhz`j ly tk` P_ZZB.‗ Zk` prmli`g hs tkbt tk` _pmrt ’obf mfiy lòmg` pmpuibr wk`f `fmuek p`mpi` br` `xpms`j tm emmj gbtok`s whtk tmp piby`rs tm bttrbot f`w abfs. Luttk` hj`b ma putthfe ; wmrij okbgps hf b rmmg obf‘t bttrbot b ormwj ha tk` rmmg hs mf tk` ?rj

aimmr, tk` ì`vbtmrs br`f‘t mp`rbthfe, bfj ymu obf‘t ahfj bfymf` tm sìi ymu b thoc`t mf` kmur làmr` tk` stbrt ma tk` gbtok`s. Hf mtk`r wmrjs, emmj Stmp=W piby`rs br usubiiy pmmr prmgmt`rs.‗

Lut, Ar`j, H fmt` tkbt E`zb Ebzjbe‘s ibst `xtrbvbebfzb whtk wmrij okbgphmfs pibyhfe

hf b r`spòtbli` v`fu` hf tk` k`brt ma F`w Xmrc Ohty jhjf‘t bttrbot guok ma b ormwj `htk`r.Ar`j fmw suee`sts tkbt ’bv`rbe` emmj piby`rs‗ (mf` ma wkmg wmuij l` Ar`j=),

pibyhfe bf xkhlhthmf, ’obf smg`thg`s Smoobshmfbiiy= mat`f=W jm gmr` tm e t tk` abfs mut,‗ smimfe bs tk` abfs obf hj`fthay whtk tk` piby`rs. Kuk= Trma`sshmfbis br` tmm emmj= Nust bs lbs`lbii abfs ’mat`f p`rsmfbiiy hj`fthay whtk imshfe t`bgs,‗ sm tbli` t`ffhs abfs obf gmr`hj`fthay whtk tkms` fmt sm schii`j= ’Zbli` t`ffhs kbs trh`j tm omfv`y b abis` hgpr`sshmf ma tk`bv`rbe` P_ qubihty ma piby ly skmwhfe maa mfiy tk` tmp 24 mr sm rbfc`j omgp`thtmrs.‗ H kbrjiytkhfc sm. Mf tk` a`w moobshmfs Zmp 24 piby`rs kbv` emtt`f ehes, tk`hr hftrmjuothmfs surìy

hj`fthay tk`g bs iht` piby`rs. Ukm wmuij tkhfc tk`g ’bv`rbe`‗=Ar`j suee`sts tkbt ha w` aimmj ’spmrts fhekt prmerbgs‗ whtk g`rìy ’emmj piby`rs‗ bfj

’emmj GOs mf tk` ghormpkmf`s,‗ tkbt omuij l` ’b guok gmr` suoo`ssaui prmgmthmf.‗ Gmr`

suoo`ssaui tkbf wkbt= Zkhs hs mf` ma tkms` ’ahrst oibss bothvhth`s‗ tkbt Ar`j‘s tbic`j blmut= Bfmvì hj`b> amre`t blmut ushfe tk` l`st piby`rs tm prmgmt` tk` Ebg`, us` tk` i`ss schii`j, bfjhf abot ure` tk`g tm gbc` `rrmrs sm tk` lbs`g`ft piby`rs wbtokhfe obf gmr` hj`fthay whtk

tk`g. Umw! _m guok amr tk` Okbgps‘ j`jhobthmf tm tk` _pmrt, tk`hr `brf`j stbtur`, tk`hr luhit-up bpp`bi.

’Emmj piby`rs SAr`j k`r` g`bfs tk` ’tmp‗ piby`rsW br` mfiy usàuiamr prmgmthfe P._. tbli` t`ffhs wk`f tk`y bttrbot pbhj spòtbtmrs mr wk`f tk`y omiiòt a``s amr P_ZZB & imobi bssmohbthmfs. Mtk`rwhs` tk`ybot mfiy Smfiy=W bs b omst ht`g hf tk` P_ZZB luje`t bt Umrij

tmurfbg`ft thg`.‗ Lut hsf‘t tk`r` P_ZZB vbiu` hf kbvhfe tk`g, tk` l`st‚`v`f ha tk`y‘r` fmt sup`rstbrs ihc` Ghi`s mr \`hsgbf hf tk`

28:4‘s‚i`fj hft`r`st, `v`f pr`sthe` tm b Umrij tmurfbg`ft= Bfj ha ymu jmf‘t kmfmr ymur tmp omgp`thtmrs, wkm jm ymu kmfmr= U` kbv` bKbii ma Abg` amr piby`rs wkm ’omiiòt a``s amr P_ZZB & imobibssmohbthmfs‗=

Ar`j tk`f sbys, ’Uhtk emmj prmgmthmf àamrts tk` tmp piby`rs whii `brf abr gmr` tkbftk`y jm fmw bfj l` ma b ibre` l`fàht tm tk` P_ZZB.‗ Lut Ar`j‘s fmt sp`bchfe ma prmgmthfetk` tmp piby`rs mf ’spmrts fhekt prmerbgs‗ mr bfywk`r` ìs`. Ukm obr`s blmut tk` tmp piby`rs=Ukm‘s emhfe tm prmgmt` tk`g= Kmw=



<::

Bfj fmw amr wky tk` autur` ma tbli` t`ffhs hsf‘t ihfc`j tm tk` oiuls. Zk` prmli`g, sbys

Ar`j, hs mf` ma òmfmghos. Ht omsts b imt tm hfhthbiiy ahfbfo` b jò`ft oiul. Bfj b g`gl`r ma

suok b oiul ghekt l` bsc`j tm pby $: bf kmur tm piby‚b sug gbfy wmuij omfshj`r ’blsurjiy

khek, v`f tkmuek ht ghekt l` fò`ssbry tm pby amr tk` prhvbt` abohihty bfj tk` sbibry ma b auii-

thg` gbfbe`r amr tkhs oiul.‗

Ourr`ft P_ZZB oiuls, Ar`j pmhfts mut, ’kbv` bii omgprmghs`j tk`hr mp`rbthmf lòbus`ma tkhs ahfbfohbi prmli`g‗>

’…Ahrst‚tk`y jmf‘t pby sbibrh`s hf gmst obs`s tm tkms` wkm wmrc tm ruf tk`g.

_òmfj‚oiuls mp`f `v`ry jby ma tk` w``c br` imobt`j hf pmmr`r sòthmfs ma tmwf

wk`r` r`fts br` gmr` r`bsmfbli` lut wk`r` ehris bfj wmg`f whii fmt omg` mut tm piby.

Zkhrj‚oiuls skbr` puliho sokmmi eygs mf b pbrt-thg` lbshs wk`r` tk` abohihth`s omsts

br` ghfhgbi lut wk`r` pibyhfe thg` hs r`strhot`j tm mf` mr twm fhekts b w``c bfj

sulnòt tm tk` pmihoy aiuotubthmfs ma tk` imobi sokmmi lmbrj.

Oiuls ma tk` pr`s`ft typ` okbrbot`rhsthobiiy mp`rbt` amr b a`w y`brs ufthi tk`

vmiuft``rs wkm ruf tk`g ehv` up tk`hr aamrts mr ufthi tk` abohihty hs fm imfe`r bvbhibli`.

Mf tk` mf` kbfj, oiul shz` obffmt `xpbfj l`ymfj blmut 04 g`gl`rs lòbus` tkàbouity shz` hs ahx`j bfj pibyhfe lòmg`s tmm ormwj`j. Mf tk` mtk`r, oiuls obffmt

omftrbot guok lìmw tk` <4-piby`r i`vì lòbus` tk` iboc ma jhaa`r`ft piby`rs gbc`s tk`

ebg` lmrhfe bfj tk` abohihty kbrj tm nusthay. B <4-piby`r oiul bism jm`s fmt kbv` gbfy

qubihah`j obfjhjbt`s tm gmv` up tm r`pibo` wmrc`rs bfj maaho`rs wkm i`bv`….‗

SAmrg`r Oiul Tr`shj`ft Ubit Euy`r (ZZZ , Fmv.-Jò., 2852, 20) sbys ’Zk`r` skmuij l`

gmr` `fomurbe`g`ft bfj gmr` ròmefhthmf tm tk` 0% (mr i`ss) wkm c``p tk` oiuls bfj

i`beu`s emhfe‗‚ihc` ’b ar`` g`gl`rskhp hf tk` P_ZZB amr `bok maaho`r ma b oiul mr

i`beu`, bfj/mr ar`` `ftrh`s hf vbrhmus `v`fts ma tmurfbg`fts.‗W

Ar`j sbys wkbt‘s f``j`j hs b oiul ihc` b ’shx sokmmi abohihth`s s`tup‗ wk`r` bf hft`r-sokmmi i`beu` omuij l` amrg`j, bfj b fhekt prmerbg stblihsk`j amr bjuits. (Ar`j cfmws bii

blmut i`beu`s‚kbvhfe j`tbhi`j hf Zmphos (Fmv.-Jò., 2852, <8), khs Kufthfetmf, Imfe Hsibfj‘s

\mufj \mlhf G`tkmj amr Oiul I`beu` piby.) Zk` hj`b hs tm kbv` ’mf` oiul mp`f mf Gmfjby,

bfmtk`r mf Zu`sjby, bfmtk`r mf U`jf`sjby, `to. Xmu omuij piby bfy fhekt, ’bfj tk` guithpi`

imobthmfs gbc` ht guok gmr` jhaahouit amr b oiul tm l` whp`j mut ly tk` imss ma b shfei` abohihty.‗

_okmmi bjghfhstrbtmrs wmuij wìomg` b Nufhmr th`-hf, bfj kmpàuiiy tmurfbg`fts omuij l` ruf

mf w``c`fjs tkbt wmuij prmaht, wìi, `v`rymf`‚tkbt hs, ha spòtbtmr bjghsshmf wmuij l`

biimw`j.

Hgbe`-luhijhfe omfo`pts muekt tm l` amst`r`j bt oiuls,*** ihc` Zbli` Z`ffhs c``ps chjs

armg lbj kblhts‚mf` ma wkhok ghekt l` tmm guok `gpkbshs mf omgp`ththv`f`ss, usubiiy b fm-

fm bgmfe hfstruotmrs ma ymutk prmerbgs. _m, sbys Ar`j, w` f``j b f`w gmjì‚tk` ai`xhliòiul.

Lut suok bf `xt`fj`j oiul, sulnòt H‘j tkhfc tm tk` sbg` ihghtbthmfs ma sokmmi v`fu`s

Ar`j oht`j làmr`, wmuij fmt l` b kmg`-bwby-armg kmg` amr g`, mr H wmuij tkhfc amr bfy ma

tk` prma`sshmfbi s`t, bfj H r`biiy obf‘t s`` bfy rhshfe ymufe stbrs omghfe mut ma suok bf

`fvhrmfg`ft.

Jhoc Ghi`s (ZZZ , Fmv.-Jò., 2852, 23 ?) kbs khs hj`b mf kmw tm stbrt Bssmohbthmf oiuls.

Ht hfvmiv`s i`vyhfe b $< tbx mf `bok P_ZZB g`gl`r>



<:0

’…Obii ht b sìa-okbrhty tbx. Ha fm mf` wìok`j Sobf ymu s`` tkbt

kbpp`fhfe=W w`‘j kbv` $;,444, `fmuek tm mp`f b tbli` t`ffhs o`ft`r. I`t tk`

P_ZZB tbc` tkbt gmf`y bfj i`fj ht tm bfy g`gl`r wkm obf skmw hf b r`spmfshli`

wby tkbt k` wbfts tm mp`rbt` b puliho tbli` t`ffhs o`ft`r. Ha k` ibsts hf tkbt lushf`ss

k` pbys tk` gmf`y lboc whtkhf shx gmftks mr b y`br, pmsshliy whtk b sgbii hft`r`st.

_bhj gmf`y hs tk`f i`ft mut bebhf amr bfmtk`r o`ft`r. Bfj sm mf. Mfo` p`mpi`, `v`fomgpi`t` strbfe`rs tm tk` Ebg`, ahfj mut tkbt tk`r`‘s gmf`y hf mp`rbthfe puliho

tbli` t`ffhs o`ft`rs (bfj H amr mf` kbv` `fmuek omfahj`fo` hf tk` Ebg` tm lìh`v`

tkbt tk`y omuij l` prmahtbli` (ha prmp`riy j`shef`j) bfj ymu whii smmf s`` Z.Z.

o`ft`rs mp`fhfe bii brmufj ymu. \uf ly lushf`ssg`f. Lut w` mursìv`s f``j tm

prhg` tk` pugp amr suok b prmerbg….‗

Ibt`r, hf b A`l. <:, 285< i`tt`r tm Jbv` Tòc ma Hfjhbf Hfjustrh`s, Jhoc trh`s tm e`t tk`

Gbfuabotur`rs Bssmohbthmf hft`r`st`j hf tk` hj`b ma hfv`sthfe hf suok b prmtmtyp` o`ft`r. Ha tkhs

ahrst mf` hs suoo`ssaui, ure`s Jhoc, b ’arbfokhs` mp`rbthmf omuij quhociy prmjuo` kufjr`js ma

puliho pibo`s tm piby wkhok whii hf turf sìi tbli`s amr ymu.‗

Kufjr`js ma puliho pibo`s tm piby> quht` b jr`bg, k=

_@I@OZ@J FMZ@_.

*Bebhf bfj bebhf hf tk`s` Khstmry vmiug`s w`‘v` s``f kmw piby`rs (’ok`bpscbt`s‗

Obri ^`hsl`re, 28?4‘s P_ZZB Tr`shj`ft/@jhtmr `xtrbmrjhfbhr`, obii`j tk`g) kbv` biwbys

wbft`j tm piby tk` _pmrt bs ok`bpiy bs pmsshli`. Ht‘s fm surprhs`, tk`f, tkbt hf tk` 2814‘s/

2854‘s tk` prbotho` omfthfu`s. Hf Okbpt`r Zwìv`, H fmt`j kmw Ar`j K`rlst aìt tk` P_ZZB

kbj tm jm smg`tkhfe blmut tk` blus`s ma oiul obrj g`gl`rskhp‚sm gbfy pibyhfe hf Mp`f

tmurfbg`fts lut fmt wbfthfe, mr f``jhfe, tm luy auii P_ZZB g`gl`rskhps. Zkbt ar`` rhj`,

k`‘j sbhj, kbj tm stmp, bfj tk` @.O. ber``j.

Fmw w` r`bj (ZZZ , Fmv.-Jò., 2852, 24) kmw Imu Lmok`fsch mlnòt`j tm tk` Fmrtkw`st‘s pimy‚tkmuek ma omurs` ht kbj l``f jmf` `brih`r hf Obihamrfhb tmurfbg`fts‚

ma obiihfe wkbt wbs mlvhmusiy bf ’Mp`f‗ tmurfbg`ft b ’Oims`j‗ mf`. Zk` ’Pfhv`rshty ma

Mrèmf Oims`j,‗ b thti` tkbt suee`st`j tk` `ftrh`s wmuij l` ihght`j tm stuj`fts ma tkbt

Pfhv`rshty, turf`j mut tm l` fmt prhgbrhiy amr stuj`fts, lut sm ar``-rbfehfe bs tm hfoiuj`

tmurfbg`ft rèuibrs fmt nust armg Mrèmf lut Obihamrfhb, Ubskhfetmf, bfj Lrhthsk

Omiuglhb. Bs Imu sbhj, tk` spmfsmrhfe Baahihbt` wbft`j ’tm bvmhj tk` SMp`fW r`quhr`g`ft

ma P_ZZB g`gl`rskhp‗ (amr tkbt wmuij lrhfe hf gmr` `ftrh`s) bfj wbft`j bism ’tm tbc`

bjvbftbe` ma b sgbii`r sbfothmfhfe a`` amr Oims`j tmurfbg`fts.‗ Imu ròmgg`fjs ’tkbt

P_ZZB g`gl`rskhp l` r`quhr`j amr bii Mp`f bfj bii Oims`j tmurfbg`fts, `xo`pt amr

Oims`j oiul mr ohty tmurfbg`fts.‗

Zkbt tkhs baahihbt`, amr mf`, kbj sm ihtti` imybity tm tk` P_ZZB hs mlvhmus armg bf brthoi`hf Zmphos ly Pfhv`rshty ma Mrèmf stuj`ft Okrhs J`p``. Zkmuek Okrhs, mf stbrthfe tm piby hf

@ue`f` bfj amr smg` thg` bat`r, kbj `xokbfe`s whtk vbrhmus Fmrtkw`st tbli` t`ffhs maahohbis,

’FMF@ ma tk`g,‗ k` sbhj, ’ure`j g` tm nmhf tk` P_ZZB, mr `v`f g`fthmf`j tk` fbthmfbi

mrebfhzbthmf.‗

**\uaamrj Kbrrhsmf bfj Nboc Obrr, f`htk`r ma wkmg mf` `xpòts tm l` b pbhj tmp- piby`r `xkhlhthmfhst, kbv` b v`ry imfe brthoi` (ZZZ , Fmv.-Jò., 2852, 8-24) mf ’Kmw Zm Ehv`Bf @xkhlhthmf.‗‚b amurtk ma wkhok kbs tm jm whtk jr`ss bfj ermmghfe. Zk` brthoi` skmuij l`



<:1

quht` kìpaui tm tkms`wkm br` hf`xp`rh`fo`j, lut br` tk`hf`xp`rh`fo`j emhfe tmehv` xkhlhthmfs=…Zm

tk` kmpàuiiy hefmrbft-ma-tk`-_pmrt bujh`fo`stk` butkmrs bssug`=Gbyl` y`s. Bfj obftk` hf`xp`rh`fo`j`xòut` (amr tkbtgbtt`r, omuij Kbrrhsmf

bfj Obrr=) tk` stbfjbrjrmuthf`s suee`st`j=Gbyl` fm. Lut, wkbttk` kìi, bfy `xkhlhthmf

kìps pmpuibrhz` tk`_pmrt= Gbyl` y`s,

gbyl` fm.***Gmrt

^bcbrhf tkhfcs bokoiul muekt tm kbv` br`shj`ft prm tm ehv` ht gmr` oibss, bfj sbys tkbt ha tk` _pmrt hs tm ermw ht f``js lhe gmf`y prhz`s. Aìhx Lmebrt tkhfcs `bok oiul muekt tm kbv` b puliho rìbthmfs gbf. Aìhx, b Kufthfetmf

Oiul g`gl`r, hs omfo`rf`j bs tm wk`tk`r ohvhihth`s br` l`hfe mls`rv`j bt oiuls. ’Jm wòbràuiiy kmfmr piby`r rmtbthmf hf wbhthfe amr mf`‘s turf tm e`t mf tk` tbli`= Jm w` tbc`bjvbftbe` ma mtk`rs hf wbrghfe up tmm imfe wkhi` mtk`rs wbht= Br` pmw`r oihqu`s mv`riy

kmfmr`j bfj ehv`f jà`r`fo` tm= Br` smg` ma mur ymufe piby`rs prheehsk bfj hii-gbff`r`j=Jm tk` ymufest`rs a`ì tk` mfiy mlnòt hs tm whf= Br` tk`y fmt tbchfe ou`s armg tk`hr pbr`ftsbfj ìj`rs= U`r` w` fmt tbuekt ht hs fmt wkm wmf lut kmw ymu piby`j tk` ebg` tkbt

omufts=…‗

Gmftemg`ry Ubrj J`pbrtg`ft _tmr` `xkhlhthmf whtk Nboc Obrr r`trh`vhfe



<:5

Imu Julhf

_t`v` _km`gbc`r

C`f`tk Jbi` Jrbp`r

Bt tk` Zbli` Z`ffhs _bimmf>

eufsihfe`rs Kmuskbfe

Lmzmrezbj`k (I) bfj Lmlly Ah`ijs

Jhoc Ghi`s>

prmgmthmfbi juth`s

Okbpt`r Fhf`t``f

2852> J-N I``/U`fjy Khocs Uhf bt $5,044 \`jmfjm L`bok U`st`rf Oibssho.

Mf` w``c bat`r tk` P_MZO‘s, bigmst `v`ry tmp piby`r mf mur ihtti` ohrouht btt`fj`j tk`$5,044 \`jmfjm L`bok U`st`rf Oibssho. H stbrt`j gy wrht`-up ma tkhs Obihamrfhb tmurfbg`ft



<:;

ly pràbohfe ht whtk C`bts‘s ahrst wìi-cfmwf pm`g, ’Mf Ahrst Immchfe Hftm Okbpgbf‘sKmg`r,‗ hf wkhok k` us`s bfbimeh`s‚bf bstrmfmg`r sujj`fiy s``hfe b f`w pibf`t, bf `xpimr`r oihglhfe b p`bc tm sujj`fiy jhsomv`r tk` Tbohaho Mo`bf‚tm gpkbshz` khs mwf bw` bt s``hfesuok bf hfor`jhli` `xpbfs` ma pm`try vhb Kmg`r‘s trbfsibtmr. Gy mwf rmgbftho, bfbimeho bhgwbs tm skmw tk` eihgps` ma b f`w tbli` t`ffhs wmrij> mf` lrmuekt blmut ly tk` omglhf`j

tbi`fts ma sbvvy lushf`ssgbf/prmgmt`r bfj piby`r/brthst.Lrmuekt blmut=…Kmw=Imu Julhf, Nufhmr J`vìmpg`ft Okbhrgbf ma tk` Obihamrfhb Z.Z.B. (J`bf Ebibrjh, tk`

Obihamrfhb Pfj`r 2? Okbgp, hs mf` ma khs prmtèeès), hs kbvhfe b l``r hf Zk` _`b Hff (’ZkÙmrij‘s Gmst Pfusubi Zbv`rf‗)…wk`r` tk`y nust kbpp`f tm kbv` b phfe-pmfe tbli` mr twm.

Imu kbs ehv`f _t`v` _km`gbc`r, Nr., tk` l`brj`j mwf`r ma tk` tbv`rf, b pbjji` amr khs lhrtkjby. (Bs omgamrtbliy, fmt tm sby simpphiy, jr ss j bs _t v` usubiiy hs, k` immcs ihc` k` khgsìa hs

tk` tbv`rf mwf`r‘s l`st oustmg`r.) Zurfs mut tkbt _t`v` hs wkbt bfylmjy sml`r wmuij obii b fmf- piby`r, lut mf tkhs pbrthouibr jby k` bscs Imu ha tk`y omuijf‘t ruf b ihtti` phfe-pmfe tmurfbg`ft.

’_ur`, wky fmt=‗ sbys Imu. Bfj p`rkbps k`‘s tkhfchfe, ’ K`r = Hf tkhs tbv`rf= Uìi,

wky fmt=‗ Bfj tkmuek tk`y kbv` bfmtk`r l``r mf ht, fmtkhfe gmr` hs sbhj, bfj whtk sthii

bfmtk`r l``r surìy tk` hj`b‘s amremtt`f.@hekt m‘oimoc f`xt gmrfhfe, tkmuek, Imu e`ts b obii armg _t`v`. (Ukbt tbv`rf mwf`r

hf khs ?4‘s hs `v`r up tkbt `briy=) ’Imu,‗ k` sbys, ’H‘g r`biiy s`rhmus blmut tkhs phfe-pmfetmurfbg`ft. U`‘v` emt bf ; b.g. bppmhftg`ft tkhs omghfe U`jf`sjby whtk tk` Okbgl`r ma Omgg`ro`. H‘g emhfe tm bsc amr $<,044 tm stbrt us maa.‗

Ht nust sm kbpp`fs tkbt tk` obsubi-immchfe, smg`wkbt pbufoky, l`brj`j _t`v` hs Qho`Tr`shj`ft ma tk` Ahsk`rgbf‘s Ukbra3 \`jmfjm L`bok‘s ’Xmufe Gbf ma tk` X`br‗3 bfjZr`bsur`r ma tk` imobi Okbgl`r ma Omgg`ro`.

Zk` bppmhftg`ft hs c`pt, tk` $<,044 hs ehv`f ihc` b skmt, bfmtk`r $<,044 hs ure`j, bfjahv` g`f hf tk` Okbgl`r br` ehv`f mf` w``c (’Jmf‘t wmrry,‗ sbys _t`v`, ’tk`y‘r` emmj aufjrbhs`rs‗) tm omg` up whtk tk` obsk.

G`bfwkhi`, _t`v` e`ts C`ff`tk Jbi` Jrbp`r, tk` imobi K`rgmsb L`bok brthst cfmwfamr khs s`bsobp`s, bfj b whff`r bt tk` rò`ft Obtbihfb Brt A`sthvbi, tm jm b tbli` t`ffhs bothmf pbhfthfe. Zkhs hs bpprbhs`j bt $2,044. @v`ftubiiy, wkbt whtk mf` tkhfe bfj bfmtk`r, $5,044 hs

rbhs`j. Amrguib amr Trma`sshmfbi‘s Jr`bg> T\H^@ GMF@X e`ts FBG@ TIBX@\_, e`tsTPLIHOHZX AM\ \@JMFJM L@BOK (armg _bf Jhèm up tm _bf Arbfohsom) BFJ ZK@_TM\Z L@AM\@ ZK@ G@JHB-M\H@FZ@J @X@_ MA ZK@ T@MTI@, e`ts _T@OZBZM\_BZ ZK@ GBZOK@_, e`ts (gbyl`) GMF@X LBOC BFJ GM\@.

Bjghtt`jiy, kmw`v`r, tk` pibyhfe sht` i`bv`s smg`tkhfe tm l` j`shr`j. Jwhekt Okbphf(I.B. Zhg`s, Jò. 2?, 2852) j`sorhl`s ht bs ’bf $22 ghiihmf pbrchfe t`rghfbi sthii ufj`r

omfstruothmf….Zk` pibo` kbs bii tk` okbrg ma b g`jh`vbi prhsmf‚kue` eimls ma omfor`t` tkbtbssbuit tk` `y` bfj mp`f spbo`s tkbt i`t tkrmuek sm guok okhiiy, whft`r whfj ymu tkhfc ymu‘r`

MF tk` Tbohaho Mo`bf, fmt nust f`xt tm ht.‗ Zm kìp prmgmt` tk` tmurfbg`ft, 24-thg` P._.Okbgphmf Jhoc Ghi`s hs lrmuekt hf amr s`v`rbi jbys bk`bj ma thg`. K` hs hft`rvh`w`j ly NhgGurrby, tk` wìi-cfmwf spmrts wrht`r amr tk` Ims Bfeì`s Zhg`s, wkm hs tm j`vmt` khs auii_ufjby, Jò. 2< omiugf tm tbli` t`ffhs. Zk`f Jhoc bfj khs _theb \mlmt bfj Ghss \`jmfjm

L`bok gbc` tkhfes kbpp`f bt b Tr`ss Tbrty bt _t`v`‘s _`b Hff. Zk`f Jhoc, @rwhf Ci`hf, bfjEi`ff Omwbf br` eu`sts bt b _pmrtswrht`rs Iufok`mf hf Ims Bfeì`s. Ht‘s k`r` p`rkbps tkbtbrrbfe`g`fts br` ahfbihz`j amr smg` ZQ omv`rbe` ma tk` tmurfbg`ft‚tk` Ghi`s-_w``rhsgbtok, amr `xbgpi`, hs tm l` ahig`j hf `fthr`ty.



<:8

F`xt, Jhoc ebgli`s mf e`tthfe bf mij pmc`r-pibyhfearh`fj, tk` v`ry lusy botmr Ubit`r Gbttkbu, tm put hf bfbpp`brbfo` bt tk` tmurfbg`ft. Btthr`j hf b spmrty yìimwsw`bt`r, Gbttkbu, lbtthfe tk` lbii brmufj whtk Ghi`s, immcsymufe`r tkbf H tkmuekt k` wmuij (mr gbyl` H‘v` nust emt tk`

hgbe` ma ’Cmtok,‗ khs ibt`st photur`, hf ghfj).’K`‘s pr`tty emmj,‗ sbys b euy f`xt tm g`.’K` skmuij l`,‗ sbys bfmtk`r. ’K`‘s l``f pibyhfe amr

<0 y`brs.‗’H jhjf‘t g`bf Ghi`s,‗ sbys tk` ahrst euy.’F`htk`r jhj H,‗ sbys tk` sòmfj euy.’Ht‘s rhjhouimus,‗ sbys Gbttkbu tm khs arh`fj Imu Libu,

’tk`s` euys skmuijf‘t kbv` tm piby ufj`r b wkbra. Zk`ymuekt tm piby hf tk` ahf`st lbiirmmg ma tk` ahf`st ohty.‗ ’Out!‗sbys tk` Jhròtmr bs `v`rymf` fmjs bss`ft.

Botubiiy Ghi`s sthii wbsf‘t ahfhsk`j whtk khs prmgmthmfbi okmr`s. Zk` Gmfjby gmrfhfe

bat`r tk` tmurfbg`ft, wk`f tk` ibst ma tk` piby`rs w`r` emhfe kmg`, Jhoc wbs i`bvhfe tkòmgamrts ma khs twm-aimmr Kbrlmr Omv` bpbrtg`ft tm jm b ZQ skmw hf I.B. whtk ymufe

Ebibrjh. Ht wbsf‘t bfy surprhs` tm g`, tk`f, tkbt, bt tmurfbg`ft‘s `fj, Ghi`s wbs bwbrj`j tk`Gbymr‘s trmpky amr khs prmgmthmfbi wmrc.

Lut lboc tm tk` Arhjby lèhffhfe ma tkhs Oibssho w``c`fj, smg` twm gmftks bat`r Julhf bfj _km`gbc`r kbj tkms` l``rs. Nbg`s U`st, wkm sìis tbli` t`ffhs suppih`s tm bfy bfjbii piby`rs ’U`st ma tk` \mocy Gts.,‗ kbj lrmuekt <4 Ummj Trmjuots tbli`s, bfj k` bfj_km`gbc`r (wkm khgsìa gbj` bfj put up bii tk` obrjlmbrj lbrrh`rs) kbj tk`hr kbfjs auii

bss`glihfe bfj s`tthfe tk`g up. U`st, amr khs àamrts, wbs ehv`f smi` rhekts tm tk` sìihfe ma bii`quhpg`ft bt tk` tmurfbg`ft‚wkhok f`ws J-N I``, brrhvhfe whtk Zhg M‘Ermscy bfj kbia bjmz`f lbes ma iueebe` l`tw``f tk`g, tmmc whtk bii khs Bshbf hgp`rturlblhihty.

M.C., sm J-N omuijf‘t sìi `quhpg`ft, gbyl`k` omuij kbv` b ihtti` tbli` wk`r`, hf tk` hft`r`st ma amst`rhfe emmjwhii, k` omuij skmw bppròhbthv`

piby`rs bfj spòtbtmrs Kmw L`st Zm Tut F`w \ull`r Mf= Bt bfy v`ft k` wmuij kbv` suok bf xpibfbtmrybrthoi` hf tk` Gby-Nuf`, 285< Zmphos>

’Zm put f`w rull`r mf b lbt, H ròmgg`fj tkàmiimwhfe g`tkmj. Ahrst, oi`bf tk` libj` tkmrmuekiy‚

us` ahfe`rfbhi pmihsk mr ihekt`r aiuhj tm oi`bf bii tk` mijspmfe` maa3 bfj sbfj ht jmwf whtk sbfjpbp`r. _òmfj,

gbc` sur` tk` surabo` hs jry bfj tk`f eiu` tk` mutshj`ma tk` libj` ahrst bfj gmv` oimocwhs` hf tmwbrj tkò`ft`r. B kbia tul` ma eiu` hs tmm guok‚us` blmut btkhrj. Zkhrj, amij rull`r hf kbia bfj rul ohrouibrwhs`

oimocwhs`, tk`f mp`f rull`r bfj omfthfu` rullhfe.Amurtk, sihj` maa tk` rull`r. Jm fmt put bfy gmr` eiu`

mf tk` rull`r‚ymu obf put gmr` eiu` mf tk` `je` ma tk` libj`. Ahatk, biimw tk` rull`r bfjrboc`t tm s`t amr 0-24 ghfut`s ufthi bfy w`t spmt jrh`s‚tkbt wby tk`r` wmf‘t l` bfy lulli`s.

Ubit`r Gbttkbu

J-N I`` skmws kmw tm put mf f`w rull`r



<04

_hxtk, put spmfe` jmwf mfkbfji` fj ahrst bfj skm` ht hf,tk`f sgmmtk ht jmwf bfj turf tk`rboc`t mv`r. E`ftiy pr`ss._`v`ftk, out mf tk` shj` wk`r`

ymu obf s`` wk`r` ymu‘r` emhfe.Ps` b pbhr ma skbrp sohssmrs, fmtb rbzmr. @hektk, piby‗ (2<).

Zk` Obihamrfhb ZZB,Zmurfbg`ft \à`r`` Jmue_t`wbrt, bfj P_BZZ @xòuthv`

Omgghtt``gbf Ar`j K`rlst kbjbrthoi`s hf tk` v`ry bttrbothv` <;- pbe` _pmrts-iiiustrbt`j -shz`

Trmerbg. Bfj mtk`r g`gl`rs ma

tk` Zmurfbg`ft TibffhfeOmgghtt``, pbrthouibriy Lbrj

Lr`ff`r, Jh`t`r Kul`r, NmkfKmrfhfe, bfj Tbohaho Ombst \èhmfbi Jhròtmr \hokbrj Bij`f, w`r` mf kbfj tm e`t Arhjbyfhekt‘s Nufhmr piby emhfe.

Ht wbs tk` ahrst thg` H‘j s``f tk`s` kbia jmz`f mr sm maahohbis hf bothmf bfj H tkhfc tk`yjhj bf `xtr`gìy emmj nml. Mf mf` moobshmf, amr `xbgpi`, tk`y r`bsmfbliy jà`rr j tm tk`j`shr`s ma tk` l`tt`r piby`rs bfj biimw`j pbrtf`rskhps hf tk` Ghx`j Jmuli`s tm l` amrg`j,

tkmuek gbfy ma tk` piby`rs kbjf‘t mrhehfbiiy ft`r`j tk` v`ft. Bfmtk`r tkhfe tkbt kìp`j tk`tmurfbg`ft ruf sgmmtkiy wbs bf bjjhthmfbi Omftrmi J`sc mut hf tk` ghjji` ma tk` ibre` pibyhfebr`b, f`br tk` amur Okbgphmfskhp br`fbs.

H‘ii stbrt gy wrht`-up whtk Nufhmr piby, bfj H gust fmt` hgg`jhbtìy tkbt tk` whff`rs ma tk` P-25, P-20, bfj P-2? `v`fts w`r` tm kbv` tk`hr wby pbhj tm tk` Imfe Hsibfj Fbthmfbi‘s hfGbrok. Zkbt‘s b omglhf`j ahrst.

Hf tk` 25‘s, mf` lmy wbs l`bt`f 2, 0, ?, bfmtk`r <, 1, 2:, bfmtk`r ?, 1, 24‚lutsmg`lmjy emt tk`g mut tk`r` tm piby, tm l` b pbrt ma ht bii. Ma omurs` tk`r` w`r` b fugl`r ma hft`fsìy omgp`ththv` gbtok`s tmm. Nbr`t Kbii, up <-4, kbj tm em 0 tm l`bt Tbt Zkmgpsmf‚ wkhi` hggbouibtìy-jr`ss`j jbj, \uss, hf tìihfe g` blmut tk` mij Mzzh` bfj Kbrrh`t skmws k`bfj khs abghiy w`r` sm guok b pbrt ma, wbs wbrghfe up whtk khs pbrthouibriy ahf` lrbfj ma omaa``. Jmf _hfe`r, jmwf <-4, l`bt C`f _k`ppbrj jùo` hf tk`

?rj, jùo` hf tk` :tk, tm whf hf 0._hxt``f-y`br-mij \by Euhii`f‚wkm, tkmuek imshfe hf

tk` <fj

rmufj ma Nufhmr Jmuli`s kbj biimw`j khs sgbii-ary pbrtf`r _omtt Lmeebf tm kht tk` lbii tkrmuek 0 ebg`s‚wmftkhs 25 _hfei`s `v`ft mv`r @rho Zkmg. Pfj`rstbfjbliy, tk` lhegbtok luzz o`ft`r`j mf Zkmg‘s 2<, -2;, -25, <4, 28 s`gh‘s

whf mv`r Tbui \bpkì.Amr twm w``cs làmr` tk` tmurfbg`ft, @rho, wk`f k`

wbsf‘t emhfe tm Fmrtk Kmiiywmmj Khek, wbs pibyhfe bt GhiibLmozbr‘s oiul whtk tk` vhshthfe _mutk Cmr`bf, tk` Obihamrfhb

Lbrj Lr`ff`r ma tk` Tibffhfe Omgghtt``bfj khs emmj arh`fj \ms` Uhsf`r

C`f _k`ppbrj



<02

Mp`f Okbgp, Nmmfe Ehi Tbrc. Jmue _t`wbrt sp`bcs ma tk` ’er`bt btgmspk`r`‗ bt Ghiib‘sKmiiywmmj oiul, bfj ma kmw ’`v`ry omfo`hvbli` styi` ma piby hs r`pr`s`ft`j‗ tk`r` ly tkÙ`st‘s l`st piby`rs, hfoiujhfe ma omurs` Tbrc wkm, sbys Jmue, ’hs b wmfj`raui p`rsmf, biwbyswhiihfe tm prbotho` whtk bfymf`.‗ Ht‘s tk` pibo`, Jmue tkhfcs, amr ymufe piby`rs tm gbc` er`btstrhj`s.

’H mw` `v`rytkhfe tm Tbrc,‗ sbys @rho. ’H us`j tm pusk tk` lbii. Fmw bfy lbii tkbt‘simfe, H sphf. Bfj H obf sphf maa tmpsphf tmm.‗ \bpkì kbj Zkmg <4-2; gbtok pmhft hf tk` :tk,tk`f sbw b 28-2: i`bj e`t bwby armg khg hf tk` 0tk. ’H nust emt imms` bfj omuijf‘tomfo`ftrbt`,‗ k` sbhj. ’Lut @rho‘s emhfe tm l` emmj. Khs immp hs bs emmj bs bfylmjy‘s hf tkòmuftry. K`‘s emt gmr` sphf mf tk` lbii tkbf Omwbf.‗ Kmw omfo`rf`j hs Tbui blmut khs imss=’Ht‘s fmt imshfe tkbt‘s sm lbj,‗ k` sbys. ’Ht‘s wkbt `v`rylmjy whii sby bt tk` oiul.‗ Zk`f, whtktkbt puochsk sghi` omghfe mf, k` bjj`j, ’Zkbt gbc`s gy ròmrj whtk khg 2; bfj <.‗

Hf mf` kbia ma tk` Pfj`r 20 Jrbw, Jbvhj Ibhfe gbj` tk`s`gh‘s ly l`bthfe, ahrst, Okrhs \msbi (hf b oims` ‟21, 28, 2;, <4gbtok), bfj tk`f wk`ìokbhr wmfj`r, 20-y`br-mij Ghc` J`gps`y(wkm H sbw piby tk` gmst abftbstho gbtok hf Zmrmftm wk`f thg` bfj

bebhf, bat`r swhfehfe vhohmusiy, k` wmuij quhoc, ibst-ghfut`-kbfj-jmwf-tm-tk`-aimmr sbv` khgsìa armg abiihfe mut ma khs okbhr). Hf tk`

mtk`r kbia, Nbr`t Kbii l`bt lmtk Lhii Kmaagbf bfj J`bf Ebibrjh (bat`r J`bf kbj jùo`-hf-tk`-0tk lbrìy emtt`f ly _bit Ibc` Ohty‘s LmllyMcujb, Pfj`r 20 whff`r hf f`xt gmftk‘s Omimrbjm-Uymghfe-PtbkOims`j). Zusomf‘s 2:-y`br-mij Gbrc JbQ``, tk` Brhzmfb Nufhmr Okbgphmf, turf`j mut tm l` tk` P-20 whff`r‚mv`r Kbii hf :, tk`fGhoc`y Crhtz hf tk` ahfbi. Ghoc`y‘s pbr`fts gby ihv` hf Lmstmf, lut

k`‘s stbyhfe hf Obihamrfhb tm piby tbli` t`ffhs!Hf tk` P-2?‘s, 24-y`br-mij _omtt Lmeebf (’_kut up!‗ k` wbs

yìihfe hf l`tw``f khts tm khs abtk`r) l`bt 22-y`br-mij Okrhs \msbi hf

tk` qubrt`r‘s, 2; hf tk` 0tk

. Ibt`r, H amufj mut tkbt tk` twm lmys kbjemf` `xpimrhfe, mut bgmfe tk` rmocs ly tk` mo`bf, amr wk`f _omttobg` lboc hftm tk` omij omfor`t` pibyhfe br`b k` wbs smbchfe w`t

bfj lbràmmt! _``gs k`‘j smg`kmw gbfbe`j tm e`t hftm tk` Tbohaho.J`bf Ebibrjh wbs tk` 2? whff`r, l`bthfe hf tk` s`gh‘s khs

arh`fj bfj bfmtk`r Julhf prmtèeè, Gbroy A`rfbfj`z, <:-<< hf tk`:tk, bfj tk`f hf tk` ahfbi khs brok-rhvbi, tk` strmfe iàtkbfj`r k`‘stwho` imst tm tkhs y`br, C`htk Kbii, <0-<? hf tk` : tk. Ebibrjh hs b IhttiÌ`beu` phtok`r wkm kbj tk` julhmus jhsthfothmf ma phtokhfe b fm-

khtt`r hf bf bii-stbr ebg` tkhs sugg`r‚bfj imshfe! Bfmtk`r phtok`r stbrt`j, ebv` up ? rufs. J`bf obg` hf, abff`j 2< mut ma 2; lbtt`rs.

Hf tk` ibst hffhfe, J`bf‘s t`bg hs jmwf ?-<, tk`r` br` twm muts, bruff`r‘s mf ?rj, bfj J`bf hs up. K` omg`s tkrmuek whtk b shfei`‚ bfj wkbt kbpp`fs= Zk` chj ruffhfe kmg` armg ?rj abiis jmwf bfj hsmut. Lut tkhs bii-stbr w``c`fj Ebibrjh jm`s nust ahf`‚hf bjjhthmf tm

tbchfe tk` 2?‘s, k` whfs tk` _pmrtsgbfskhp Bwbrj. Bfj tk` gmstbstmfhskhfe tkhfe hs, tkmuek k` fmw pibys bt Ghiib Lmozbr‘sKmiiywmmj oiul smg`thg`s 0 jbys b w``c, ht‘s mfiy l``f shx gmftksshfo` k` ahrst stbrt`j tm piby.

Okrhs \msbiTkmtm ly

C`f`tk Jbi` Jrbp`r

J`bf EbibrjhTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



<0<

Gmfhob \msbi‘s l``f pibyhfe quht` b wkhi`‚wkhok hsquht` bppbr`ft wk`f hf tk` Ehris P-20‘s sk` c``ps bii k`r mppmf`fts ufj`r 24. Jhbf` Uhtt survhv`s b <5-<0 hf tk` :tk

strueei` whtk iàtkbfj`r Ehfb Tho`rfh tm ahfhsk ruff`r-up.Uk`rùpmf tk` 2:-y`br-mij hs abo`j whtk bf `v`f gmr`

prmtrbot`j strueei`‚tryhfe tm e`t tk` <

fj

-pibo` trmpky ju` k`r.Jhbf`‘s `xbsp`rbt`j gmtk`r, bat`r gmftks ma l`hfe ehv`f b pmiht` lrusk maa ly Imu Julhf, ahfbiiy r`smrts tm wrhthfe k`r sbeb ma hfjhefbthmf tm Zmphos.

Zk` Pfj`r 25 Ehris w`ft tm Nujy Lmok`fsch mv`r Bfeìhtb \msbi hf :‚whtk lmtk ymufe wmg`f khtthfe ihc` g`f.Bfj, hf Nujy‘s obs`, tbchfe khts lòbus` ma tk` Fmrtkw`st aibc k`r

abtk`r Imu‘s e`tthfe hf prmgmthfe k`r…bfj khgsìa. T`rkbpsBfeh` emt smg` g`bsur` ma r`v`fe` ly t`bghfe whtk Zkmg tmwhf tk` Nufhmr Jmuli`s armg Nujy bfj Gbrc JbQ``. Bii tkhssugg`r Nujy kbj l``f mf tk` rmbj, pibyhfe `xkhlhthmfs hf

Ubskhfetmf, Mrèmf, bfj Obihamrfhb. K`r abtk`r, Imu, wkm (s`` ZZZ , Nbf.-A`l., 285<, <23 <;)us`s tk` Fmrtkw`st \bthfe _yst`g hf khs @ue`f` I`beu`s (l`st tm kbv` lmtk bf B bfj b L

i`beu` tm gbc` tk` omgp`ththmf gmr` `fnmybli`), s`ft mut <44 kufjr`j i`tt`rs tm skmpphfegbiis bimfe tk` wby. Zbli` up mf tmp ma obr, jmf‘t amre`t tk` p.b. syst`g, bfj maa tk`y‘j em._``hfe Bg`rhob. I`brfhfe. Bfy okbii`fe`rs= _ur`, bfj `v`ry chfj ma sor`wy ebg` hgbehfbli`.Lut sm wkbt. C``p khtthfe. L` spòtbouibr.

Xmufest`r JbQ`` wmf tk` Oibss L $04 2st prhz` ly l`bthfe‚H wmf‘t sby bf mijst`r (fmt whtk tkbt lrhekt r`j sch obp)‚Kmustmf‘s J.E. Qbf Qmmr`f. Gbrc kbj tm em 0 bebhfst lmtk

Lhii Ommp`r bfj Zuosmf oiulgbt` Lml U`hok bfj khs trmuli`smg` kbrj-rull`r rboc`t. (U`hok,H ghekt bjj, wbs stmpp`j hf tk` O‘s ly iàty sphff`r Nm` _bfok`z wkm w`ft mf tm jà`bt Nm`K``sl``f hf b jùo` hf tk` : tk ahfbi.) Qbf Qmmr`f wbs r`p`bt`jiy `xt`fj`j‚ ly _.K. _ku (wky

fmt _.K.P. _ku=), ly @j Cì`g`f, bfj ly j`t`rghf`j kbrjlbt okmpp`r (’Ma omurs` H cfmw_hjm‗) Bi`x Ebth.

Zk` $244 2st Trhz` hf tk` B‘s w`ft tm ehri-mf-tk`-gmv` Nujy

Lmok`fsch mv`r Tbtty Obsk hf :. Hf tk` qubrt`r‘s, Nujy wbs pr`ssur`j ly Zkmg, tk`f hf tk` s`gh‘ssk` stmpp`j `x-ImfeHsibfj`r Jbffy Lbfbokwkm kbj wmf v`ry oims`gbtok`s bebhfst Fbthmfbi

Umg`f‘s Okbgp Omffh`_w``rhs bfj I.B.‘s Nhg

Lrhstmi. Lbfbok bfj Zkmgwmf tk` Oibss B Jmuli`s, << hf tk` 0 tk, mv`r Z`rrybfj \ml Ibfe` wkm sbys k`‘s jmhfe fmtkhfe lut pibyhfe tbli` t`ffhs. Jbffy bism, whtk gmr` tkbf b

ihtti` kìp armg lhe Nmkf Kbffb bfj khs amr`kbfjs,tmmc kmg` tk` _`fhmr Jmuli`s trmpky amr jà`bthfe_`fhmr _hfei`s whff`r Zhg Lmeebf bfj ruff`r-upLml Bski`y.

Gmfhob \msbi

\ml Ibfe`

ZZ p`ramrg`r

Lml Bski`y



<0?

Tbtty (k`r ymufe phimt kuslbfj, I`yri, hs wmrchfekhs wby up tkrmuek omfstruothmf) jmwf`j hf tk` qubrt`r‘s baìimw wkm‘s us`j tm emhfe tk` jhstbfo`, amrg`r Or`stgmfttrboc stbr bfj whff`r ma tk` P-25B‘s bt tk` Btibftb Fbthmfbi‘s, \hokbrj Z rry. Zk`f hf tk` s`gh‘s Tbtty-2:, <?,

28 `je`j mut Nàa Curtz, smg`tkhfe ma gy l`brj`jomuft`rpbrt hf tk` Fmrtkw`st, wkms` wha` Ihz (r`ghfjhfeg` ma bf brthoi` smg` y`brs bem ly Tbuihf` \mlhfsmf_mgbì) rò`ftiy wrmt` b tmfeu`-hf-ok``c ’Umgbf‘sUmrij‗ phò`. Hts tk`g`> kmw b wmgbf omuij us` ’bfugl`r ma whffhfe strbtèh`s tm omuft`r tk` sup`rhmr str`fetk ma b gbi` mppmf`ft‗‚amr hfstbfo`, ly str`sshfe

k`r a`ghfhfhty tm ouffhfeiy hferbthbt` k`rsìa whtk tk` lheimut, tk`f, bs k` tbc`s b pmhft mr twm `fj-ebg` i`bj, lyimmchfe kurt, uflìh`vbliy kurt (ZZZ , Nbf.-A`l., 285<, <4).

Tbtty bfj Nujy ma omurs` piby`j làmr` hft`r`st`j

spòtbtmrs, lut tkhs wbs fmt biwbys tk` obs` whtk tk` l`tt`r piby`rs. Lmtk Jmuli`s ahfbis w`r` put mf bat`r tk` oihgbotho

G`f‘s _hfei`s gbtok`s wk`f gmst ma tk` spòtbtmrs kbjemf` kmg` bfj gbfy ma tk` piby`rs kbj gmv`j maa tm tk` p`rhg`t`r ma tk` pibyhfe br`b tmrò`hv` tk`hr trmpkh`s bfj obsk prhz`s. G`f‘s Jmuli`s w`ft tm P._. Okbgps I`` bfj Trbjht.Zk`y imst mfiy mf` ebg`‚tm Ghi`s bfj _w``rhs (wkm, surprhshfeiy, piby`j tk`g jùo` hfbfmtk`r). Hf tk` ahfbi, J-N bfj T`t`r mv`rpmw`r`j Omwbf bfj pbrtf`r Zbff`khii wkm piby`j hfb r`j bfj wkht` okòc`rlmbrj skhrt.

P._. Okbgps Jìi bfj Omffh` _w``rhs wmf bfmtk`r Ghx`j Jmuli`s thti`. Lut Jìi, pibyhfe hf strhp`j trmus`rs, wbs fmt kbppy tkbt tk`r` wbsf‘t bfy prhz` gmf`y amr tk` Ghx`j.Bism, k` omgpibhf`j tkbt ht wbs tk` tkhrj mr amurtk thg` tkhs y`br tkbt k` bfj Omffh` kbj l``f

pibyhfe bf bigmst g`bfhfei`ss ibt`-kmur gbtok. ’Omffh` bfj H br`f‘t emhfe tm piby bfy gmr`gbtok`s ihc` tkhs,‗ k` sbhj, wbfthfe tk` r`spòt tkbt muekt tm boomgpbfy P._. Mp`fthti`kmij`rs. Bfj sp`bchfe ma jhefhty ju`, E`mre` Lrbtkwbht`, pibyhfe whtk Tbtty Obsk, jhjf‘t

guok ihc` ht wk`f hf tk` ahfbi _w``rhs sujj`fiy stmps piby bfj em`s tm tk` shjìhf`s. ’K`y,‗sbys Jìi tm spmfsmr _km`gbc`r, ’H jmf‘t lìh`v` ymu‘v` g`t gy wha`.‗ Uìi, p`rkbps ht wbstk`f mr f`v`r=

Hf Umg`f‘s 2st-rmufj gbtok`s, Omffh` whfs 2, 2, < bfj Nujy whfs <, 2, <. F`v`r i`t ht l` sbhj tk`f tkbt amr tk`s ymufe ibjh`s tbli` t`ffhs hs b ’fho`‗ ebg`. Ukhok r`ghfjs g`>wk`r` wbs _bf Arbfohsom‘s Hr`f` Meus= Uhii w` `v`r s`` k`r bebhf= Hf tk` s`gh‘s, Tbtty limocs

mut Omffh`, <:-<< hf tk` :tk, wkhi` U`fjy Khocs, wkm‘j jrmpp`j b jùo` 2 st ebg` tm \msbi,zhps Nujy bwby pmst-kbst`. Zkus tk` twm tmp s``js br` hf tk` ahfbi.

Hf tk` pbst, Khocs kbs l``f b ihtti` aibt-ammt`j, lut fmw bs tk` gbtok e`ts ufj`rwby,sk`‘s gmvhfe v`ry wìi. Mat`f U`fjy whii lèhf ly puskhfe bfj ghijiy tmpphfe, wkhi` Tbtty,k`r lbibfohfe iàt kbfj up ihc` b lhrj‘s whfe, i`bfs amrwbrj bfj pusk`s mr limocs. Lmtk brìmmchfe tm st`p brmufj bfj swbt b amr`kbfj. Jmwf <4-25 hf tk` 2st, Tbtty stbfjs ahrg, e`ts tm

28‚lut fm aurtk`r. _krueehfe k`r skmuij`rs sk` wbics brmufj tk` tbli` bfj hs smmf -2:, -25mut ma tk` gbtok‚$?44 2st Trhz` tm U`fjy. Umrij Z`bg Obptbhf Nboc Kmwbrj okbrbot`rhz`sU`fjy bs ’b piby`r gbturhfe‗‚wkhok hs wkbt mf`‘s bpt tm jm bs gmr` bfj gmr` tmurfbg`ftsmaa`r gmf`y prhz`s=

Umg`f‘s _trbtèy @xp`rt Ihz Curtz



<0:

Zk`r` w`r` smg` v`ryemmj briy-rmufj gbtok`s hftk` $<0-`ftry-a`` G`f‘s.\hokbrj GoGhiibf, jmwf <-4,wmf 28 hf tk` 0tk armg Lml

U`hok3 Nbabr Abt`gh obg` biitk` wby armg _bit Ibc` Ohtybfj 28-21 jmwf hf tk` 0tk tm l`bt \ml Ibfe`3 _`btti`‘sObri I`krmaa emt ly P_ZZBJhsohpihfbry Okbhr E`fÙhismf bfj khs v`ry sgbii,

tr`bok`rmus bs b j`rrhfe`r,wmmj`f-ok``s`-trby ma brboc`t whtk‚surprhs`‚ spmfe` mf tk` s`rvhfe shj`3

\hokbrj Z`rry, obtokhfe bsòmfj whfj, l`bt ulhquhtmus

ymufe trmpky-omiiòtmr JbQ``hf 03 _bf Jhèm‘s \befbr Abkistrmg, jmwf <-2, jmwf`j Tmgmfb‘s Lhii Ebrr`tt hf 03 bfj Nàa Curtz, Mrèmf Okbgp, obgàrmg l`khfj tm cfmoc mut \mf Qmf _okhggìgbf 28 hf tk` 0tk ‚mfiy tm ims hf : hf tk` f`xt rmufjbat`r i`bjhfe <4-2? hf tk` :tk bfj, gbtok mv`r, kbvhfe tm fjur` Lmeebf‘s sbvbe` sor`bgs.

Hf mf` ma tk` lhee`st ups`ts up tm tk` ;tk‘s, @feihskgbf Jmf L`rry jmhfe pmst-jmotmrbi

r`s`brok mf khs vhohmus wkhriwhfj immp bt Fmrtk Z xbs _tbt`, jmwf`j Obfbjhbf Okbgp J`r`c Ubii.Hf @feibfj (’Gbfok`st`r bimf`, wk`r` H‘g armg, kbs b 2,444 i`beu` piby`rs,‗ L`rry wbs tìihfeg`), ’H wbs lrmuekt up pibyhfe jà`fshv` piby`rs.‗ F`v`r ghfj tkbt Ubii wbs jmwf 25-? hf tk` 0tk

(tkhfc ma tk` whfs k`‘s kbj hf <0 y`brs ma omgp`ththmf), ht‘s L`rry‘s suee`sthmf tkbt J`r`c‘s fmtguok jhaa`r`ft armg bfy ma tkms`2,444 i`beu` piby`rs hf

Gbfok`st`r tkbt kurts. ’Uky tk` limc` wbs mf tk` Ibfobskhr <fj

t`bg,‗ sbhj J`r`c wkm, H‘gbarbhj, up mf` ebg` bfj 21-8 hftk` <fj, jhjf‘t tbc` L`rry bfj tk` lèhffhfes ma khs Au Gbfoku

gmustbok` s`rhmusiy fmuek.T`rkbps tk` gmst

stbrtihfe ups`t ma tk` tmurfbg`ftmoourr`j wk`f Tbui \bpkì l`btNmkf Zbff`khii, 28 hf tk` 0tk.T`rkbps stbrtihfe, tmm, hs tkbt tk`

stbfjmaahsk @rwhf Ci`hf, mat`f l`ft bt tkhs mr tkbt tmurfbg`ftarmg stmpphfe Tbui‘s bjvbfo`(s`` boomgpbfyhfe pkmtm), hs

E`f` Uhismf...bfj arh`fjs

@rwhf Ci`hf (I)

vs. Tbui \bpkì



<00

k`r` khs fomurbehfe ombok. ’C``p hf b emmj arbg` ma ghfj,‗ @rwhf kbj tmij \bpkì làmr`tk` gbtok‚bfj Tbui, omghfe armg 28-2? jmwf tm whf tk` 2st, o`rtbhfiy kbj tk` gmg`ftug tmjm nust tkbt. Hf tk` <fj, Zbff`khii, up 22-<, prmv`s k`‘s guok l`tt`r bt omuft`rhfe tkbf \bpkì._m, bs tk`y r`bjy tk`gsìv`s amr tk` ?rj, Ci`hf ure`s Tbui tm okmp smg`, smat`f Nmkf up, e`tkhg tm pusk tk` lbii3 ha tkbt‘s suoo`ssaui, tk`f Tbui hs tm limoc tm Nmkf‘s amr`kbfj bfj, ha k`

omfthfu`s khs smat r`turf, gmv` mv`r bfj immp. Zkhs strbtèy wmrcs wìi bfj \bpkì hs up <-2bfj 1-< hf tk` :tk. Zk`f Tbui stmps l`hfe beer`sshv` bfj, wk`f Nmkf tbc`s mv`r, k` nust stbfjstk`r` wbhthfe amr khg tm ghss. Mfiy Nmkf jm`sf‘t ghss. K` lèhfs b ?rj-lbii bttboc, whfs 0 hf brmw, bfj amro`s tk` gbtok hftm tk` 0tk.

Fmw \bpkì s``gs tm r`bihz` k` kbs tm bot. Hs up22-5…tk`f jmwf 21-2:. Hs Tbui e`tthfe stbe` arhekt= Hs k`tkhfchfe blmut tk` gbtok k` imst y`st`rjby tm Zkmg, wk`f

k` li`w khs ihf`s, sm tm sp`bc= Ci`hf yìis bt khg tm stbrtimmphfe. \bpkì, tbchfe tk` ou`, lèhfs gmvhfe brmufj khsamr`kbfj. Zbff`khii ermws obuthmus‚wkhok hs prmlbliyfbturbi amr b tmp piby`r pibyhfe bebhfst b ymufe`r

mppmf`ft wkm‘s fmt suppms`j tm l` bli` tm c``p omftrmibt tkhs orhthobi thg`.

_ujj`fiy, tkmuek, Tbui hs jmhfe v`rytkhfe rhekt.K`‘s okmpphfe, limochfe, immchfe amr bf mp`fhfe tm e`t khskht tkrmuek. Khs omgpmsur` hs bgbzhfe. Zk` Obihamrfhbormwj kbs l``f vhmi`ftiy prm-\bpkì. Fmw bs tk` ibstt`fs` pmhfts br` l`hfe amuekt amr, tk` piby`rs ghekt kbv` l``f _kbc`sp`brhbf botmrs, `bok tryhfe tm gurj`r tk`

mtk`r. \bpkì, armg 28-bii, ahfhsk`s ihc` b k`rm‚sgbocstwm skmts tkrmuek. Bfj amr Nmkf, k`r` tk` vhiibhf, tk`hff`r ourtbhf, tk` mf` abr lboc hfshj`, simwiy, jbrciy,

omg`s jmwf, wkhi` hf auii spmtihekt, sghihfe, vhotmrhmus,Tbui lmufjs làmr` khs `ftkushbstho suppmrt`rs, tk` sìa-omfsohmus, quhxmtho ymufe prhfo` ma tk` kmur.

Bfmtk`r ups`t f`briy obg` maa wk`f _`btti`‘s Zmg \utthfe`r, whtk tk` `xo`pthmf ma Kmwbrj p`rkbps tk` l`st piby`r hf tk` Fmrtkw`st, bigmst l`bt P._. Umrij Z`bg g`gl`r @rrmi\`s`c. Bitkmuek @rrmi kbj imst tm Zmg ibst thg` tk`y‘j piby`j, bt tk` P_MZO‘s b y`br bem, k`sthii jhjf‘t `xpòt Zmg‘s quhoc limoc bfj st`bjy amrohfe lbockbfj tm ehv` khg sm guok trmuli`.Jmwf <-2, \`s`c kbs tm simw up tk` ebg` ly okmpphfe fmt tm \utthfe`r‘s lbockbfj, k` obfaihoc tkbt, lut tm khs amr`kbfj wk`r` k` obf‘t s``g tm immp mr kht kbrj `fmuek. @rrmi w`ft mf

tm libfc Omwbf, lut tk`f imst hf strbhekt ebg`s khgsìa tm Obihamrfhb Okbgp Nmmfe Ehi Tbrc.Zkmuek k` wbs lmrf hf Fbemyb, Nbpbf, Tbrc bfj J-N I`` w`r` g`gl`rs ma tk` sbg`

oiul hf Cmr`b‚k` wbs #2 bfj J-N wbs #<. Lòbus` Tbrc, wkm‘j l``f wmrchfe hf b lbfc hfZmcym, kbs mfiy l``f hf tk` P._. shfo` Nuiy 2st, stmrh`s w`r` sthii ohrouibthfe blmut khs pbst.

’K` w`ft 0 ebg`s whtk Mehgurb hf tk` ‘1? Umrij‘s,‗ sbys mf` aìimw.’K`‘s bk`bj ma Zbcbkbskh, 5 gbtok`s tm <,‗ sbys bfmtk`r.

’H r`g`gl`r k` wmf bt i`bst mf` ebg` armg Ih Au-nufe wk`f Ih wbs r`biiy #2 hf tk`wmrij,‗ sbys sthii bfmtk`r.‗

(_uok k`r`sby omgg`fts blmut b piby`r br` usubiiy bpmorypkbi= H cfmw, amr hfstbfo`,tkbt _mutk Cmr`bf piby`rs jhjf‘t pbrthohpbt` bt tk` ‘1? Umrij‘s.)*

Tbui \bpkìTkmtm ly Lhii

_okìt`gb



<01

Tbrc, kbvhfe omg` tm tkhsomuftry tm nmhf khs pr`tty wha` Mck``(wkm‘s l`hfe ehv`f b ihat ly tk` lrhekt lutt`raiy whfe ma Ghiib Lmozbr), hs pibffhfe tm r`gbhf hf tk` P._. amr tk`

f`xt 2; gmftks. Bfj wkbt obf k` jm lut piby tbli t`ffhs, amr mf` ma tkòmfjhthmfs ma khs stby hs tkbt k` obf‘ttbc` b nml bwby armg bf Bg`rhobfohthz`f. Bebhfst Tbrc, \`s`c hs nusttmm simw‚sm tkbt tk` Cmr`bf, whtkkhs vbryhfe s`rv`s skmrt tm tk`

amr`kbfj mr v`ry quhoc bfj v`ry abstj``p tm tk` lbockbfj, amiimw`j ly bj`vbstbthfe oims`r, obf tbc` auiibjvbftbe`.

Tbrc‘s mppmf`ft hf tk` s`gh‘s hs _w``rhs. H tmij Jìi H wbs tkhfchfe ma putthfe b i`bjhfegmf`y whffhfe ihst hf Zmphos, H\_ r`bj`rs mr fm‚bfj k` prmgptiy sbhj, bs ha k`‘s imfe kbj tk`

sbg` hj`b, ’Emhfe hftm tkhs tmurfbg`ft H‘g $2,<50 amr tk` y`br.‗ Jìi whfs tk` 2 st, lut obf‘tbv`rbe` 20 bat`r tkbt. Tbrc‘s v`ry abst mf khs a``t, s``gs biwbys hf p`raòt pmshthmf sm tkbt Jìiobf‘t sphf whtk khg. _mg`mf` sbys tkbt Jìi‘s trmuli` hs k` e`ts tmm t`fs` wk`f k` pibys.Bfmtk`r omgpibhfs blmut Ehi‘s s`rv`. Lut Jh`t`r Kul`r bssur`s `v`rymf` tkbt Tbrc hs fmtomftbothfe tk` lbii mv`r tk` tbli` ihf` lut rbtk`r rhekt mf ht bfj hs tk`f quhociy amiimwhfetkrmuek. ’X`bk,‗ sbys b rèuibr bt Ghiib‘s oiul, ’k` prbotho`s tkbt `v`ry jby.‗ Zk` Obihamrfhb

ormwj mlvhmusiy abvmrs Tbrc bfj tkhs hrrhtbt`s smg`. ’Ha _w``rhs w`r` hf Cmr`b,‗ sbys mf` euy,’k`‘j kbv` tm chii khgsìa tm e`t b kbfj‚bfj immc bt tk` or``ps w` emt k`r`.‗

Trbjht, g`bfwkhi`, hf khs qubrt`r‘s gbtok, hs up bebhfst Kmwbrj. Nboc trh`s tm pr`pbr`

ly kurryhfe kbiawby bormss Ims Bfeì`s tm khs abvmrht` Nbpbf`s` r`stburbft, b limoc mr twmarmg wk`r` k` mfo` ihv`j bfj wk`r` fmw (’Bk, Gr. Kmwbrj, sm v`ry fho` tm s`` ymu bebhf‗)k`‘s ehv`f b k`rm‘s wìomg`. Trbjht, whtk tkbt gbrvìmus tmuok ma khs, tkbt quhoc jrmp, smmf

kbs Nboc, j`t`rghf`j tm piby jà`fs`, ruffhfe bii mv`r tk` pibo`. T`t`r kbs l``f prbothohfe biiw``c bebhfst okmpp`rs bfj hs oi`briy fmt bs whij bebhfst okmp bs k` us`j tm l`. Gmr`mv`r,wkbt lbiis Kmwbrj e`ts tm kht kbrj k` e`f`rbiiy jm`sf‘t somr` whtk. Amr b gmg`ft, wk`f Nboc whfs tk` <fj bt jùo`, ht immcs bs ha k` ghekt kbv` aheur`j mut bii tk` bfei`s, lut, fm, k` obftbc` nust tk` mf` ebg`.

Hf tk` s`gh‘s, ht‘s <2-y`br-mij Trbjht bebhfst tk` ?4-y`br-mij I``. Zkhs ma omurs` hs tk`

gbtok tk` bahohmfbjms kbv` l``f wbhthfe amr. Zk`y r`g`gl`r tkbt, tkmuek J-N kbs f`v`r imst bsbfothmf`j tmurfbg`ft gbtok hf tk` 0 y`brs k`‘s l``f k`r` (khs imss hf tk` 2818 Mkhm Z`bg

Zrymuts tm Zbff`khii fm mf` wbs omufthfe), k` bfj Trbjht twm y`brs bem bt tk` Zmrmftm OF@w`r` 25-bii hf tk` 0tk. Aurtk`r, tkhs y`br J-N kbjf‘t l``f pibyhfe guok, bfj hf khs qubrt`r‘s k`r`kbj imst tk` mp`fhfe ebg` tm Ci`hf.

Hf tk` lèhffhfe ht immcs ihc` I``‘s emhfe tm c``p omftrmi mv`r Trbjht‘s gbrvìmus

limochfe/bfeihfe ebg`. K`‘s up 2<-;, uf`xpòt`jiy ims`s 1 hf b rmw, tk`f omg`s lboc strmfetm whf bt 21. Pfcfmwf tm khg, wha` Ihfjb kbs lèuf b s`rh`s ma tì`pkmf` obiis (`v`ry 24ghfut`s ht s``gs) tm ahfj mut kmw k`‘s jmhfe. Jhj k` l`bt Ci`hf= K` imst tk` ahrst ebg`= K`wmf= Umf tk` ahrst ebg`= Bebhfst Trbjht=

Mfo` Tbrc nmhf`j khs pr`tty wha` Mck``, wkbt whii k` jm amr

tk` f`xt 2; gmftks=



<05

Hf tk` <fj, ht‘s 28-bii. Trbjht hs puskhfe I``‘s s`rv` bfj limochfe mr omuft`rhfe khs immp.’H‘v` f`v`r s``f b ommi`r piby`r tkbf Trbjht,‗ sbys b euy l`khfj g`. Zk`y xokbfe` b imfe pmhft‚Trbjht gbfùv`rs bf bfei` bfj I`` sphfs maa. Zk`f Trbjht e`ts b f`t. Gbtok bii `v`f.Lut fmw J-N lèhfs amrohfe gmr`. Bfj wk`f T`t`r e`ts bf mppmrtufhty k` hsf‘t chiihfe kbrj`fmuek tm stmp I`` armg omuft`r-jrhvhfe. J-N‘s up 24-<, whfs tk` ? rj `bshiy. ’Immcs emmj,

Ihfjb‗‚tkbt‘s tk` g`ssbe` rìby`j.Lut hf tk` :tk ht‘s 25-bii, bfj tk` ormwj lèhfs tm s`fs` tk`r` ghekt l` bf ups`t hf tk`gbchfe, tkbt tk`y ghekt l` whtf`sshfe khstmry. ’H f`v`r sbw bfymf` limoc b immp ihc` Trbjhtjm`s‚k`‘j kbv` b okbfo` bebhfst Kbsèbwb.‗ I``, jmwf 2;-25, em`s amr khs tmwì. ’I``‘sthr`j,‗ smg`lmjy sbys. ’Immc bt khs gmutk. Uk`f tk`y stbrt tm lr`btk` whtk tk`hr gmutk mp`f,tk`y‘r` thr`j. Zk`y‘r` tryhfe tm suoc hf bhr.‗ Trbjht whfs ht, <2-2;.

’L`st jbgf tbli` t`ffhs H‘v` s``f shfo` Aucuskhgb bfj Zbcbkbskh w`r` k`r`,‗ sbys b

spòtbtmr. H wmfj`r ha k` cfmws tkbt Trbjht wbs ombok`j fmt mfiy ly Umrij OkbgphmfMehgurb lut ly tkbt v`ry sbg` Aucuskhgb wkm hf ‘15 wmf mur _bf Jhèm Fbthmfbi‘s. Bs tk`yokbfe` `fjs, I`` obf l` s``f amr b gmg`ft bt tk` shjìhf`s tbichfe tm Tbrc. Jmf‘t s`rv` imfe.Immp jmwf tk` ghjji`. Hs tkbt wkbt Ehi‘s tìihfe khg=

Hf tk` 0tk

, I``, up ?-2, stmps, em`s tkrmuek pkbftmg amr`kbfj strmc`s. \`sug`s piby.:-2. Ht‘s bs ha k` kbs twm mppmf`fts, mf` vhshli`, mf` hfvhshli`, bfj hs tbchfe turfs pibyhfe tk`g.

K` stmps, swhfes, swhfes bebhf. @bsy tm l`bt. O‘gmf, `bsy tm l`bt. Hs tkbt wkbt k`‘s tkhfchfe=\`sug`s piby. Pp 8-:, J-N‘s tyhfe khs skmìbo`s. ’I`` f``js tk` gmf`y,‗ smg`mf` sbys. ’Kbstm s`hz` tk` gmg`ft. Kmw gbfy tmurfbg`fts obf k` em tm tkbt maa`r b $<,044 2st Trhz`=‗’Trbjht f``js ht gmr`,‗ sbys bfmtk`r. ’Fbk, Trbjht omuij ihv` hf b t`ft‚ht wmuijf‘t gbtt`r tmkhg.‗ Pp 2<-5, I`` hs jmhfe obihstk`fhos. Cf``s bfj a``t lboc tme`tk`r fmw. Mfo`. Zwho`. Fmtkhfe tm ht. @v`rytkhfe‘s tme`tk`r fmw. Nust em tkrmuek tk` gmthmfs. \`sug`s piby. _mmf

ht‘s 25-5…tk`f ht‘s bii mv`r. I`` hs sthii ufjà`bt`j.B wmgbf omg`s mv`r tm T`t`r bat`r k` ims`s. ’Hs ht bii rhekt=‗ sk` sbys. X`s. K` ehv`s

k`r bf butmerbpk. Hf b a`w ghfut`s sk` omg`s lboc whtk smg` Okhf`s` t`b armg b tk`rgms.

’Xmu e`t smg` fho` r`st,‗ sk` sbys. ’\`st ymur ghfj.‗Bfj fmw amr tk` ahfbi. Tbrc, wkm kbs nust omg` lboc armg ruffhfe, mutshj`, hf tk` rbhf,

hs hftrmjuo`j, bs hs I``. J-N, ok`whfe khs eug aurhmusiy, lèhfs ly wkhaahfe Ehi‘s s`rv`. Zk`r`

br` imuj ok``rs. ’Ukbt tk` kìi hs tkhs=‘ sbys b spòtbtmr. ’Zk` Cmr`bf Okbgphmfskhps=‗’Fbk,‗ sbys bfmtk`r. ’F`htk`r mf` ma tk`s` euys wmuij gbc` tk` Cmr`bf Z`bg fmw.‗ I`` whfstk` 2st bt 20, tk` <fj bt 5. Zkhs gbtok whtk khs mij arh`fj‚ht‘s tk` `bsh`st mf` k`‘s kbj tk`wkmi` tmurfbg`ft.

Mutshj` tk` rhfe ma spòtbtmrs Trbjht shts bii bimf`, jhshft`r`st`j. ’Ubtokhfe piby`rskìps b ihtti` lht,‗ k` sbys, ’lut gmstiy ymu kbv` tm bjbpt ymur ebg` wk`f ymu‘r` mut tk`r` bt

tk` tbli`. Fm, Tbrc kbs fm okbfo`. Ht‘s gmstiy khs ammtwmrc. Bat`r b 1-y`br ibymaa, ht‘j tbc` khg?, gbyl` : y`brs tm e`t ht lboc‚bfj ha k`‘s ?4 fmw, prmlbliy k` wmf‘t l` pibyhfe guok

imfe`r.‗ T`t`r stmps tbichfe. _mg`tkhfe hs lmtk`rhfe khg. K` ihats up mf` tk`f tk` mtk`r ma khsskm`s. Zk` smi`s kbv` kmi`s tk` shz` ma qubrt`rs hf tk`g. ’Zkhs wbs b f`w pbhr ma skm`s wk`f Hstbrt`j.‗

Bat`r I`` whfs <2-2< hf tk` ?rj, ht‘s bf blsmiutìy gbj so`f`. @v`rylmjy hs tk`r` whtk b

obg`rb mr b p`f, bfj v`rylmjy kbs gbfbe`j tm e`t khgsìa/k`rs ia hftm tk` photur` bfj p`rkbps shef butmerbpks. Zk`r` br` tk` prhz` gmf`y whff`rs ma vbrhmus `v`fts, tk` Okbgl`r ma Omgg`ro` maahohbi pr`s`ft`r, bfj tk` tbv`rf-mwf`r prmgmt`r. Bfj tk`r`, tmm, bs lbocermufjamr ht bii, obuekt hf `v`rymf`‘s obg`rb, hs tk` brthst‘s photur`.



<0;

I`` hs maa`r`j $044 obsk amr tk`Jrbp`r pbhfthfe. Bfj amr b gmg`ft ht‘sbs ha k` kbs b vhshmf. ’Ha tk`r` w`r`smg` smrt ma Zbli` Z`ffhs Kbii ma Abg`mr Khstmry Gusùg,‗ k` sbys, ’H‘j

jmfbt` tkhs photur` tm ht.‗ Lut ma omurs`tk`r` hsf‘t. _thii, k` tkhfcs, k`‘s emt tk` pbhfthfe, k`‘ii c``p ht. F`v`r obf tìiwkbt ghekt kbpp`f hf tk` autur`. Brtbfj Zbli` Z ffhs‚tk`y nust ghekt gbc`b emmj omglhfbthmf amr b lushf`ss-ghfj`j prmgmt`r.

_@I@OZ@J FMZ@_.*Bs Khstmry hs sur` tm skmw,

Zbli` Z`ffhs oibhgs ly piby`rs bfj

spòtbtmrs br` smg`thg`s nust pibhfwrmfe, mr sulnòt tm j`lbt`. Ar`j

K`rlst wrht`s (ZZZ , Nbf.-A`l., 285<,<0) tkbt, mf tk` Gmfjby gmrfhfeamiimwhfe tk` \`jmfjm L`boktmurfbg`ft, J-N I`` tmij khg tkbt k`,J-N, ’hfv`ft`j tk` immp.‗ K`r`‘s kmwJ-N sbys ht kbpp`f`j>

’H wbs pibyhfe b arh`fjiy ebg` hf gykmg` ohty ma _`mui lboc hf ibt` 2808.

SU` sbw hf Qmi. HHH tkbt J-N kbj bfufhgpr`sshv` ròmrj hf tk` 280; BshbfEbg`s bfj tkbt k` wbs fmt mf tk`

Cmr`bf t`bg bt tk` 2808 Umrij‘s.W Gymppmf`ft wbs okmpphfe bfj H wbs rmiihfe tk` lbii, fjhfe hf tk` usubi ‛sbiut`.‘ Ly boohj`ft, gybrg w`ft strbhekt up mf mf` strmc` bfj tk` lbii lmufo`j twho` mf tk` mtk`r shj` ma tk` tbli` làmr` gy arh`fj omuij r`bok ht. U` w`r` lmtk surprhs`j bfj stmpp`j pibyhfe, tryhfe tm aheur`mut wkbt kbpp`f`j. H `xp`rhg`ft`j smg` gmr` bfj amufj mut tkbt jhaa`r`ft swhfes gbj` tk` lbii tm kmp orbzy. H jhj fmtkhfe lut immp, immp ufthi gy skmuij`r swìi j up bfj emt v`ry smr`

bfj H omuijf‘t rbhs` gy brg.‗

U`‘r` fmw tm ufj`rstbfj tkbt J-N‘s ufqu`sthmf`j suoo`ss`s bt tk` 2814 Lmglby BshbfEbg`s, lèhffhfe gmst fmtbliy whtk khs whf mv`r Hokhrm Mehgurb (tk`f Umrij #?) hf tk` Z`bg`v`ft, wbs tk` r`suit ma khs f`w strmc`, khs f`w ’immp‗ w`bpmf. J-N sbhj tkbt FmluybKmskhfm, wkm‘j wmf tk` Nbpbf`s` Fbthmfbi‘s mv`r Mehgurb, ’ibuek`j bt Meh,‗ bfj sbhj, ’Kmw

omuij ymu ims` tm khg= _mat piby`r!‗ Hf tk` _hfei`s tkbt amiimw`j, kmw`v`r, fmt mfiy jhj J-N l`bt Kmskhfm (Umrij #21) lut bfmtk`r strmfe Nbpbf`s` piby`r, Z rum Gurbcbgh (Umrij #:),bfj, w`r` ht fmt amr tk` Nbpbf`s` ombok`s wkm hf tk` ahfbi hfstruot`j Meh tm iml, wmuij kbv` l``f tk` Okbgphmf.

U`fjy Khocs bfj J-N I``> whff`rs ma tk` \`jmfjm L`bok

U`st`rf Oibssho. U`fjy wmf $?44 bfj J-N $2444 pius

C`ff`tk Jbi` Jrbp`r‘s Bothmf Tbhfthfe vbiu`j bt $2044.



<08

_m, ehv`f J-N‘s f`w-amufj blhihty tm whf (hf tk` 280; Ebg`s k` wbs ?-8 hf Z`bg piby),ht wmuij s``g khs smat immp wbs smg`tkhfe tk` Nbpbf`s` kbjf‘t omft`fj`j whtk làmr`. J-Nbism tìis K`rlst k` r`g`gl`rs tkbt hf 2814 ’Jhoc Ghi`s bfj Fmrly Qbf j` Ubii` w`r` tmurhfeamr tk` P_M whtk Lmlly Eushcmaa‘s Sautur`W wha` bs tk` ghstr`ss ma o`r`gmfh`s. Zk`y obg` tmCmr`b bfj H piby`j tk`g. Uk`f k` emt kmg`, Ghi`s tmij Eushcmaa, ‛H emt whp`j mut ly b ihtti`

euy hf Cmr`b. Zk` lbii immc`j ihc` bf èe omghfe mv`r tk` f`t bfj `v`ry r`turf ma ghf` kht tkò`hihfe.‘‗Lmglby‘s Lmgh Bgbisbjvbib, mf r`bjhfe tkhs oibhg ma J-N‘s, r`pih`j (ZZZ , Nuiy-Bue.,

285<, 2?) tkbt ht wbs fmt J-N lut Hfjhb‘s Xbthf Qybs wkm ahrst skmw`j hft`rfbthmfbi piby`rs tk`’immp‗ strmc`. Lboc hf Nbf., 2800, wk`f tk` abgmus Ozòk piby`rs obg` tm Hfjhb tm pibyHfjhbfs, Qybs jà`bt`j lmtk Hvbf Bfjr`bjhs (Umrij #<), -<2, <2, 25, bfj Qboibv Z`r`lb (Umrij#22), 28, <4. ’Zk` strmc` tkbt lbaai`j bfj l`whij`r`j tk`s` wmrij oibss piby`rs,‗ sbhj Lmgh,

’wbs fmf` mtk`r tkbf tk` tk`f obii`j ‛tmp-sphf jrhv`‘ wkhok, lìh`v` ht mr fmt, wbs `xòut`j lybf mrjhfbry phgpi`j rull`r rboc`t.‗ Lmgh sbys, ’H ufj`rstbfj tkbt Gr. Jhoc Ghi`s wbs smg`sg`rhz`j whtk tk` tmp-sphf piby ma Gr.Qybs hf 280: bt U`gli`y hf prbotho` tkbt k` botubiiyw`ft blmut tk` br`fb jrbwhfe tk` btt`fthmf ma bii piby`rs tm em bfj s`` amr tk`gsìv`s tk`

‛gbeho‘ l`hfe p`ramrg`j ly Qybs whtk khs mrjhfbry phgpi`j rboc`t.‗\èbrjhfe tk`s` rhvbi oibhgs ht‘s fmt `bsy tm l` tmtbiiy omfvhfo`j ly `htk`r. Uky, ha J-N

wbs sm pulihoiy hffmvbthv`, us`j suok b ’f`w‗ w`bpmf bt mf` ma tk` wmrij‘s amr`gmsttmurfbg`fts, kbv` H fmt r`bj b wmrj blmut tk` s`fsbthmf k` skmuij kbv` obus`j= Bfj kmw hs httkbt k` khgsìa kbs c`pt tmtbiiy shi`ft blmut ht bii ufthi tkhs wkhsp`r tm K`rlst= Bs amr Qybs, ha k`sm ’lbaai`j bfj l`whij`r`j‗ twm ma tk` wmrij‘s er`bt`st piby`rs (hf ebg`s whtk `xkhlhthmf-ihc`somr`s), kmw hs ht tkbt bt tk` 2801 Umrij‘s k` jhjf‘t lbaai` mr l`whij`r, jhjf‘t `v`f l`bt Luch`tmr Kbrry Khrsokcmwhtz=



<14

Okbpt`r Zw`fty

2852-5<> Uhft`r Zmurfbg`fts-H . 285<> J-N, Qhmi`ttb Zbc` @bst`rf‘s.

Omghfe bs ht jhj bat`r tk` $5,044 \`jmfjm L`bok Oibssho, tk` Kmiiywmmj Uhft`r Mp`f

wbs jhsbppmhfthfe. Ahrst, bs Nmkf Kmrfhfe tìis us (ZZZ , Gby-Nuf`, 285<, 20), Jhròtmr GhiibLmozbr tkmuekt sk`‘j try mut tkbt hj`b ma Imu Lmok`fsch‘s H‘j g`fthmf`j làmr` ma kbvhfe, hfbjjhthmf tm G`f‘s bfj Umg`f‘s _hfei`s, bf Mp`f _hfei`s hf wkhok lmtk g`f bfj wmg`fwmuij l` hf tk` sbg` Jrbw. Zkhs wmuij or`bt` erhtth`r gbtok`s amr tk` wmg`f, y`s= Uìi, fm, lòbus` fmf` ma tk`g wbft`j tm `ft`r tk` `v`ft. ’Zk`y jmf‘t kbv` \mj Ibv`r piby Lhiih` N`bf

Chfe, jm tk`y=‗ sbhj K`btk`r Bfeìhf`ttb. ’Ht wmuij l`rhjhouimus.‗

Botubiiy, tk` G`f‘s bfj Umg`f‘s _hfei`s Jrbws abr`jmfiy b ihtti` l`tt`r. Zk` G`f‘s wbs ghsshfe Tbrc, Ci`hf, bfjOmwbf wkm wmuijf‘t j`hef tm piby amr tk` $?0 2st Trhz`,bfj tk` Umg`f‘s kbj ’mfiy twm ma tk` s`v`f wmg`f wkm

wmf sòmfj bfj tkhrj pibo` t`bg bwbrjs‗ bt tk` P_MZO‘s.K`btk`r, wkm l`bt Tbuihf` I`pc` hf tk` ahfbi, wbs mf` ma

tk` twm3 tk` mtk`r wbs Umg`f‘s L whff`r Tbt Ormwi`y.Ghiib kbj immc`j whstauiiy bt tk` ’mij bfj w`btk`r`j‗ shef(’Kmiiywmmj Zbli` Z`ffhs Omurts‗) blmv` tk` jmmr tm k`r oiul. ’B gbf obg` ly whtk b r`bi fho` iòtrho shef mfo`,‗sk`‘j tmij Kmrfhfe. Lut ht omst ’tkr`` kufjr`j jmiibrs.‗Gbyl` ha sk`‘j kbj ht skhfhfe tkhs w``c`fj ht wmuij kbv`

lrmuekt hf gmr piby`rs, gmr` spòtbtmrs=Hf tk` mf` G`f‘s s`gh‘s, ht wbs 28-y`br-mij J`fhs

M‘Omffìi mv`r \by Euhii`f hf 0. \by, pibyhfe whtk ’b jrh`j-up

bfthqu` ma b lmrrmw`j lbt,‗ kbj bjvbfo`j ly nust sihpphfe ly\hokbrj GoGhiibf jùo` hf tk` 0tk. Hf tk` pr`vhmus fhekt‘s Mp`f_hfei`s, M‘Omffìi, làmr` imshfe tm \bpkì jùo` hf tk` 0tk, kbj

l`bt`f Euhii f, 28 hf tk` :tk, bfj, shfo` OZZB \bfchfe Okbhr Jh`t`r Kul`r hfshst`j (hiièbiiy, sbhj Kmrfhfe) tkbt butmgbthobiiy tk` #2bfj #: s``js, tk` #< bfj #? s``js piby, tk`y‘j l``f gbtok`j bebhf.Hf tk` mtk`r s`gh‘s, ht wbs Tbui \bpkì, ?-4, mv`r @rho Zkmg wkm‘jjà`bt`j Ubyf` Ml`rtmf` bfj Kmwh` Ermssgbf.

Kmrfhfe sbys tkbt \bpkì, wkm t`bok`s b t.t. oibss bt I.B.‘s

U`stshj` N`whsk Omggufhty O`ft`r, r`ghfjs khg ma J-N I``‚ ’Oi`fok`j ahsts, ai`x`j cf``s, bfj khs ‛skmmsk, kutzbk‘ l`tw``f

pmhfts.‗ Zk` sgbii ormwj wbtokhfe tk` Tbui-J`fhs ahfbi s``g`jhfjhaa`r ft bs tm wkm wmf. ’Ht wbs ihc` tk` jbwfhfe ma b f`w be` bstk` mij`r e`f`rbthmf sbt tm wbtok tk` f`w, `y`hfe ht whtk bfufo`rtbhf ourhmshty, ihc` tk` bp`s `y` tk` mlìhsc hf ‛<442.‘‗ Tbui,

up <-2 bfj 25-2?, ’immcs lboc bt abtk`r, I`mf, bfj eimws.‗ Bat`r Tbui whfs tkbt :tk ebg`skbchiy bt 28 bfj pmoc`ts tk` $?0, Kmrfhfe omferbtuibt`s khg, pmhfts mut tkbt k`‘j ’emf`tkrmuek tk` wkmi` tmurfbg`ft‚Nufhmrs, G`f‘s _hfei`s bfj G`f‘s Jmuli`s‚whtkmut imshfe bgbtok.‗

Tbt Ormwi`y, Umg`f‘s L Uhff`rTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf

Obihamrfhb ZZB \bfchfe

Okbhr Jh`t`r Kul`rTkmtm ly Jmf Euff



<12

’K`y, y`bk,‗ k` sbys, bs ha k` kbjf‘t r`bihz`j tkbt‚tk`f bjjswhtk b ’abr maa puochsk immc‗…’Ommi.‗

Mtk`r r`suits> L‘s> Jmue Kmlsmf mv`r \hokbrj Lbje`r. O‘s>Jbi` A`fj`rsmf mv`r _t`v` \`kg. Oibss J> Tbui Ukht` mv`r Jmf_hfe`r. Lmys 25> \bpkì mv`r Zkmg wkm‘j `sobp`j GoGhiibf <1-<: hf

tk` ?

rj

. Lmys 20> Ghoc`y Crhtz mv`r A`fj`rsmf. Lmys 2?> C`htk Kbiimv`r J`bf Ebibrjh. _`fhmr‘s> \uss Zkmgpsmfmv`r Bi`x Ebth.

Zk` Fmrtk`rf Obihamrfhb Oims`j (piby`j,ihc` tk` ibst mf`, bt Ihv`rgmr`=) kbj tkàmiimwhfe whff`rs. G`f‘s> Jbvhj Okbf mv`r Nàa Gbsmf. Umg`f‘s> Xurhcm Chrly mv`r

Gurhì @jwbrjs. G`f‘s Jmuli`s> Okbf/BzgyHlrbkhg mv`r Gbsmf/E`mre` Gbcc. Ghx`jJmuli`s> Nhg Fbhc/Khijb Lrbuthebf mv`r GhcÈr``f`/@jwbrjs. B‘s> Er``f` mv`r T`t`r Xu.

B Jmuli`s> Er``f`/Xu mv`r @j Febh/Cuijhp_kmjkbf. L‘s> Febh mv`r \ml`rt Zmrr`s. L

Jmuli`s> _kmjkbf/Nhg Fbhc mv`r \hokbrjGmftemg`ry/Zmrr`s. _`fhmr‘s> _bg Ihgb mv`r L. \`bj. Lmys P-25‘s> _t`v` _ibvhok mv`r C`ft Kbss`. Ehris P-25‘s> \. Ghii`r mv`r @jwbrjs. P-20‘s> Kbss` mv`r Ubyf` Zh`c`.

Mk, mk, k`r`‘s bfmtk`r Tmrtibfj ’Oims`j.‗ Imu Lmok`fsch,ruffhfe hf tk` upomghfe P_ZZB @.O. ìòthmf, sbys Ubskhfetmf _tbt` piby`rs bfj b Tmrtibfj,

Mrèmf ’Oims`j‗ br`f‘t b gbtok. Imu‘s tk` r`p`bt`j tbre`t ma tkms` wkm vh`w khg bs prmgmthfe khs jbuekt`r, khs @ue`f` oiul, khs `quhpg`ft sbi`s, bfj `spòhbiiy khgsìa. Lut, uk,

wky skmuijf‘t k`=

\`bj Nàa Curtz‘somv`rbe` ma tkhs Tmrtibfjtmurfbg`ft (ZZZ , Gby-Nuf`,

285<, 2:), bfj ymu‘ii s`` tkbtj`spht` b ibt` Nbfubrysfmwstmrg, tk` ahrst ma tk`y`br, Zmg \utthfe`r, Nm` I``,bfj \ml \ml`rts ’schjj`j bfjsihj tk`hr wby jmwf armg

_`btti`‗ tm e`t hf mf tk`bothmf. Hf tk` Okbgphmfskhp

`v`ft, tk` shx prìhghfbryrmufj rmlhfs, whtk twm piby`rsbjvbfohfe armg bok, lrmuekttkr`` ups`ts> Jbv` GoIbhf

mv`r Nhg _omtt3 _t`v` L`rihf`r mv`r Lml Km3 bfj, or`bthfe b spòtbtmr luzz, mr, rbtk`r, b ’aiurry‗), Tbui Okbfe mv`r Obri Omi`.

Fmf` ma tk`s` ups`t whff`rs bjvbfo`j tm tk` qubrt`r‘s wk`r`, shfo` \ml`rts’wkmgp`j‗ @bri Bjbgs, bfj \utthfe`r omgamrtbliy jhspms`j ma Curtz bfj khs ’Kbsèbwb

\hokbrj Lbje`r

Ghc` Er``f`

Obri OmiÀrmg Fmv., 2884 Tmrtibfj Tbohaho

\hg Mp`f Trmerbg, 8

(omurt`sy ma Lml Qhjuohok)

Tbui OkbfeArmg Jò. 1-5, 28;4 Tbohaho Fmrtk-

w`st Mp`f Trmerbg, 28

(@j. Lml Qhjuohok)



<1<

styi` ma bttboc,‗ tk`r` w`r` lut twm omft`st`j gbtok`s. Omi` jà`bt`j Jbffy Gbttsmf hf bgbtok okbrbot`rhz`j ly oiugps ma pmhfts‚Obri rbiih`j hf tk` 2st armg ; pmhfts jmwf, mfiy tmims` bt jùo`3 tk`f hf tk` jòhjhfe ?rj, i`bjhfe 20-0, k` jrmpp`j 5 hf b rmw làmr` emhfe mf tmwhf. Nujy Lmok`fsch somr`j b lhe ups`t mv`r tk` #< rbfc`j Fmrtkw`st piby`r, Nm` I``. Nàa sbhj, ’Nm` abhi`j tm uthihz` khs immp tm hts auii pmt`fthbi bfj trh`j tm kht ht mut whtk Nujy, lut k`

wbs fmt omfshst`ft `fmuek mr abst `fmuek tm suoo`ssauiiy obrry mut tk`s` tbothos.‗Hf tk` mf` s`gh‘s, tkmuek bt ahrst \ml`rts omuijf‘t ’c``p khs amr`kbfj bfj lbockbfjimmps mf tk` tbli`,‗ bfj sm jue khgsìa b twm-jmwf kmi`, k` rbiih`j tm em 2?-5 hf tk` :tk up mf\utthfe`r. Lut tk`f k` abit`r`j‚imshfe ’tk` gmg`ftug bfj khs omfahj`fo`.‗ Hf tk` mtk`r s`gh‘s, Omi`, ’tm tk` surprhs` ma gbfy,‗ libfc`j Lmok`fsch. ’Qmii`yhfe lbockbfj tm lbockbfj,k` c`pt Nujy ormwj`j hf k`r lbockbfj omrf`r.‗ Zk`f Nujy ’lèbf tm rusk‗ bfj ghss`j k`r jrhv`s3 bfj ha sk` trh`j ’tm tbc` lbockbfj skmts whtk k`r amr`kbfj, Obri wmuij quhociy omuft`r

tm tk` abr omrf`r.‗ Zkmuek tkhs wbs Omi`‘s ’l`st tmurfbg`ft gbtok hf b y`br,‗ hf tk` ahfbi kòmuijf‘t ’c``p up whtk Zmg‘s boourbt`, quhoc khts,‗ bfj imst hf strbhekt ebg`s.

Tiby bgmfe tk` ibst amur pbhrs hf tk` Okbgphmfskhp Jmuli`s sbw immp`rs I``/\ml`rtsjà`bt ’@j Fe bfj Nhg Zmfe, b quhoc khtthfe t`bg armg @ue`f`‗3 bfj Lmok`fsch/\utthfe`r

sobip tk`hr fm-imfe`r-khrsut` ij`rs, Omi`/Curtz. Hf tk` ahfbi, wk`f Nm` bfj \ml ’kbj omftrmi ma tk`hr k`bvy tmpsphf bfj gmv`j quhociy `fmuek tm e`t hftm pmshthmf amr tk`hr imfe strmc`s, tk`y

kbj tk` hfhthbthv` bfj jmghfbt`j tk` ebg`,‗ amr tk`f Zmg bfj Nujy wmuij ’ims` omftrmi ma tk`hr limocs.‗ Kmw`v`r, ha Nm` bfj \ml ’siboc`j maa,‗ Zmg bfj Nujy wmuij s`hz` ’tk`mppmrtufhty tm e`t tk`hr maa`fs` emhfe.‗ @v`ftubiiy I``/\ml`rts wmf hf 0.

Hf Oibss B, @j Fe bjvbfo`j tm tk` ahfbi mv`r Tbui Okbfe,wkhi` @bri Bjbgs stmpp`j, ahrst, \mf Obrv`r, ’p`rkbps tk` gmsthgprmv`j piby`r hf Mrèmf hf tk` ibst ? gmftks,‗ bfj tk`f @j Okhf,

28 hf tk` ?rj. Hf tk` gbtok amr tk` thti`, @j‘s immps prmv`j sup`rhmr tm@bri‘s quhoc khts.

L`st hf Oibss

L wbs Okbrih`GoIbrty mv`r Okhf,<?-<2 hf tk` ?rj hf tk`

s`gh‘s, bfj mv`r Cbr`f L`rihf`r, <?-<2hf tk` ?rj hf tk` ?-zhpahfbi, bat`r Cbr`f kbj

squìok`j b abtk`r-smf skmwjmwf ly ups`tthfeNboc GoIbrty.

Hf mf` _`fhmr‘s s`gh, @bri Bjbgs,’tryhfe tm gbc` b jrbgbtho ròmv`ry mf b jùo`

pmhft, sihpp`j bfj s`rhmusiy sprbhf`j khsbfci`‗‚bf hfnury, H pr`sug`, tkbt moourr`j hftk` <fj ma tk` twm jùo` ebg`s k` imst tm Brt _okuaa. Lml Km tmmc tk` mtk`r s`gh armg E`mreÌbszim, lut hf tk` ahfbi omuijf‘t ’e`t khs lhe immp tm em hf omfshst`ftiy‗ bfj w`ft jmwf tm Brt

28 hf tk` :tk.Bs Okbhr ma tk` P_ZZB Ombokhfe Omgghtt``, @bri hs hfvmiv`j (ZZZ , Nbf.-A`l, 285<,

;) hf s`tthfe up b Ombokhfe O`rthahobthmf Trmerbg amr tkms` wkm r`biiy wbft tm ombok. Mf`gby prmv` khs/k`r j`jhobthmf bfj hfor`bs`j omgp`t`foy tkrmuek amur stbe`s> Z`gpmrbry

\mf Obrv`r

Okbrih` GoIbrty...pibfs tm e`t up bfj whf Oibss L



<1?

Bssmohbt` Ombok (kbs tm g``t lbsho r`quhr`g`fts, ihc` pbsshfe tk` P_ZZB Pgphr`s `xbg),Bssmohbt` Ombok (bat`r 1 gmftks, kbs tm jmoug`ft khs/k`r bothvhth`s), \èhmfbi Ombok (kbs tm prmvhj` ombokhfe prmerbgs bfj euhjbfo` amr tkms` hf wkhok`v`r ma tk` `hekt \èhmfs hf tkòmuftry k`/sk` r`pr`s`fts), bfj Fbthmfbi Ombok (kbs tm l` bli` tm ’ombok, trbhf bfj/mr gbfbe`‗ bfy P._. Z`bg blrmbj).

Bjbgs hs bism bothv` hf khs imobi _bi`g I`beu` (Jbv` Lbrl`r‘s tk` Oiul Tr`shj`ft).Kbiawby tkrmuek tk` 2852-5< s`bsmf, Jbffy Gbttsmf bfj khs jbj @rfh`, wkm `v`ry Gmfjbyfhekt gbc` tk` 2<4-ghi` rmufj trhp armg Qbfomuv`r, Ubskhfetmf, kbv` tk` l`st ròmrjs. Jhoc _bufj`rs, wkm e`ts b ermup tme`tk`r w``ciy hf b @ue`f` okurok, hs hf ?rj pibo`. Mtk`r i`beu` piby`rs bism `fnmy t`bokhfe tk` ebg`. Brt Chgli` omfjuots b oibss bt Ihfahìj Omiiè`, bfj Nàa Curtz‘s oibss bt tk` Pfhv`rshty ma Mrèmf kbs bf `frmiig`ft ma ?<. Imu Lmok`fsch ure`s khs 0tk

bfj 1tk erbj` oibss`s tm tbc` up tk` ebg`. C`f L``l`, mf` ma Imu‘s 2<-y`br-mij stuj`fts, sbys

ha tk` chjs omfthfu` tm omg` s`rhmusiy tm Imu‘s oiul mf U`jf`sjby fhekts (wk`f 2< tbli`s br`hf us` hf tk` erbj` sokmmi abohihty tkbt biimws piby lmtk hf tk` oba`t`rhb bfj tk` eyg), k`‘ii hfju` omurs` ’tbc` tk`g tm b tmurfbg`ft tm e`t tk`g gmr` `xp`rh`fo`j.‗

Imu wbfts `v`rymf` tm l` bwbr` ma tk` Omggufhty _okmmi omfo`pt. Zk` nml ma tk`

Jhròtmr ma suok b sokmmi hs tm ’prmgmt` bfj ommrjhfbt` tk` us` ma tk` sokmmi amr bjuit`juobthmf bfj r`-trbhfhfe.‗ Zkhs omuij g`bf ’bat`r-kmur juobthmfbi, ròr`bthmfbi, bfj smohbi

`frhokg`ft bothvhth s amr tk` ymufe3 abghiy juobthmf bfj omufsìhfe3 ohvho baabhrs g``thfes bfjjhsousshmfs3 XGOB, XUOB, Lmy _omut, Ehri _omut, Lhe bfj Ihtti` Lrmtk`r bothvhth`s, nmlomufsìhfe bfj pibo`g`ft, _`fhmr Ohthz`f, bfj gbfy, gbfy mtk`r bothvhth`s.‗…Hfoiujhfe tbli`t`ffhs= Uky fmt=

Fm wrht`-up amr tk` Erbfj \bphjs Bg`rhobf Oibssho tk` ibst w``c`fj làmrÒkrhstgbs, lut Nmkf Zbff`khii jà`bt`j E`mre` Lrbtkwbht` hf b jùo`-hf-tk`-? rj ’ahfbi‗ ma tk`

G`f‘s ’Jmuli` @ihghfbthmf‗ `v`ft, bat`r Zk` Okhà kbj l`bt`f Nmkf `brih`r. Zk` abot tkbt tkàmrgbt ma piby wbs okbfe`j ly Jhròtmr _w``rhs bs tk` tmurfbg`ft prmer`ss j wbsv`k`g`ftiy mlnòt`j tm hf b i`tt`r tm P_ZZB maahohbis ly Lrbtkwbht`. Tiby`rs obg` lboc hftm

tk` bothmf whtk twm imss`s, bfj bat`r E`mre`, ufjà`bt`j, tkmuekt k`‘j wmf tk` tmurfbg`ft,k` kbj tm piby Zbff`khii bebhf. Bfj wk`f k` imst, tkmuek lmtk piby`rs kbj mf` imss, Nmkf wbsjòibr`j tk` whff`r. \`bj`rs obf jòhj` amr tk`gsìv`s kmw

rò`pthv` E`mre` wmuij l` tm Zbff`khii‘s Zmphos bj (Nbf.-Jò.,285<, 2:) tkbt lèhfs ’Thfe Tmfe Um`s=‗ Hf urehfe tkbt g`gl`rs luy khs‚’Lèhffhfe strmc`s,‗ ’Bjvbfo`j piby,‗ ’Zrbhfhfeg`tkmjs‗‚obss`tt` tbp`s ($;.04 `bok) mr, bfj tkhs hs hffmvbthv`,khs i`tt`rs bfsw`rhfe qu`sthmfs s`ft khg ($5.04 `bok), Nmkfhj`fthah`s khgsìa bs l`hfe ’ombok`j ly amrg`r wmrij okbgphmf

Mehgurb, bfj trbhf`j ly pr`s`ft wmrij okbgphmf _tìibfL`fetssmf.‗

Hf tk` Umg`f‘s, _u` Khij`lrbfjt ups`t Omffh`_w``rhs. Oibss B whff`r wbs Nàa _gbrt hf b <?-<2 hf tk` 0 tk

s`gh‘s mv`r Nhg Jbv`y, bfj b <?-<2 hf tk` :tk ahfbi mv`r T`t` Fbsvyths wkm‘j p`rs`v`r`j ly Ghc` Q`hii`tt`, 28 hf tk` : tk, 28

hf tk` 0tk. L‘s> \bipk _tbjìgbf mv`r Zmg Go@vmy. O‘s>\bfjy Trh`st mv`r Ghc` Lbl`r. Fmvho`> Euft`r Tbwimwschmv`r O. Oibrc. @squhr`‘s> Gbx _bihslury bfj khs suhtobs`s ma rboc`ts mv`r @ig`r Xl`gb. _`fhmr‘s> \by Khij`lrbfjt mv`r

\by Khij`lrbfjt




<1:

Kuek _kmr`y jùo` hf tk` ?rj hf tk`s`gh‘s bfj mv`r Xl`gb hf tk` ahfbi.P-25‘s> Q hii`tt` mv`r Lbl`r.

Zk` Bppbibokhbf Mp`f hfCfmxvhii`, Z`ff`ss`` jr`w 84

pbrthohpbfts armg `hekt stbt`s, whtk: ma tk` ; `v`fts tmtbihfe gmr` tkbf14 `ftrh`s. Zk` G`f‘s w`ft tmOhfohffbth‘s Erbkbg E`br‚hf tk`s`gh‘s hf 0 mv`r Kmg`r Lrmwf, bfjhf tk` ahfbi hf 0 mv`r Kbfs Jh`tiwkm‘j l``f kbrj-pr`ss`j ly lmtk

Z`j Lbss`tt bfj Jmf Ebhtk`r. Nustbs wìi tk`r` w`r`f‘t bfy Umg`f‘s`v`fts bt tkhs tmurfbg`ft= ZkÒkbgphmfskhp Jmuli`s jhjf‘t em

mf ufthi < b.g. Uhff`rs w`rÈbhtk`r/Ibfo` \ms`gmr` 2; hf tk`

0tk mv`r Lrmwf/\by Ahiz wkm‘jsurvhv`j J`hti/\bipk Chssì 28 hf

tk` ?rj. B‘s w`ft tm HvmQ`fturh, bf `xokbfe`stuj`ft bt G`gpkhs _tbt`bfj r`pmrt`jiy tk` ’24tk

rbfc`j piby`r hf Htbiy,‗mv`r \ms`gmr`. _`fhmr‘s>Nmkf Ukht` mv`r Oyrhi

I`j`rgbf._m, whii ’K‗ Libhr

hf omv`rhfe tk` Mribfjm

Uhft`r Mp`f, tìi usblmut tk` jrbwhfe‚wkmwmf tk` ar`` bjghsshmfbfj twm thoc`t lmmcs (24bttrbothmfs b lmmc) tm tkÙbit Jhsf`y ’Gbeho

Chfejmg‗ Zk`g` Tbrc=_ur` k` whii> J`llh`

_oruees bfj KbiEufj`rsjmra. Omferbts tmymu lmtk. K`‘ii bism tìius tkbt tk` G`f‘s _hfei`s

wbs whtkmut Nm` _mcmimaa bfj T`t`r Trbjht‚tkmuek lmtk omuij l` s``f mut tk`r` mf omurt. Nm` pbhr`j whtk \hokbrjGoBa`` tm tbc` tk` G`f‘s Jmuli`s hf 0 armg F`w N`rs`y‘s Ghtok _`bithì bfj khs ’mij arh`fjbfj amrg`r ombok‗ _t`v` \hem wkm omuij l` k`brj prbhshfe khs wha` _biiy fmt g`rìy amr

Kuek _kmr`y

_t`v` \hem bfj

ufj`rstbfjhfe

wha` _biiyTkmtms ly

Gbrvhf F`w



<10

kìphfe pr`pbr` tk` _bturjby fhekt pbrty lut, guok gmr`, amr l`hfe sm ufj`rstbfjhfe amr smimfe blmut khs t.t. bjjhothmf. (Gy sygpbtkh`s tm _biiy.)* _t`v`, li`ss khg, ’tbic`j tk` imobiT`psh Omib Om. hftm spmfsmrhfe _`bithì‘s trhp tm Aimrhjb, bfj tkmuek k` jhjf‘t whf tk` G`f‘sJmuli`s whtk Ghtok, k` jhj tbc` tk` Ghx`j whtk Mieb _mit`sz armg _mcmimaa/L`v K`ss. K`br _t`v` `xokbfe` strbtèy whtk Mieb hf Kufebrhbf= K`br khg e`t `xoht`j bfj try tm jm tkbt whtk

Ghtok= \hjhouimus._mcmimaa, whtk Nm` F`webrj`f imbfhfe khg bvhj`m tbp` ròmrj`r, bfj \hokbrj GoBa`` mp`rbthfe htamr khg, kbj ehv`f b oihfho bt tk` Tmibgm Zrbhi`r Tbrc hfOmomb, Aimrhjb amr _pbo`pmrt Oiul nufhmrs b gmftk`brih`r, bfj \bfjy K`ss, amr mf`, bppròhbt`j ht fmuektm wrht` bf brthoi` mf Nm` (ZZZ , Gbr.-Bpr., 285<, ?<).

U` i`brf tkbt k`‘s ’b lbfc `xòuthv` amr Ahrst A`j`rbi_bvhfes bfj Imbf ma Ghbgh,‗ bfj tkbt k`‘s gbrrh`j tm b l`buthaui bfj okbrghfe ehri, \htb,‗ bfj hs tk` ’prmujabtk`r ma b 2<-gmftk-mij ehri fbg`j J`fhs`.‗ U` bism

i`brf, ha w` jhjf‘t cfmw ht bir`bjy, tkbt k`‘s ’bf bii-rmufj btki`t`, xoìihfe hf t`ffhs, pmmi, kmrs`skm`s,

swhgghfe, nbh bibh.‗ _mg` ma tk` hfstruothmfs k` ebv`tk` chjs bt Omomb br` j`tbhi`j hf K`ss‘s brthoi` bfj

skmuij prmv` kìpaui tm tkms` s``chfe euhjbfo` mf amr`kbfj bfj lbockbfj piby, bfj kmw tms`rv` gmr` aaòthvìy.

_m, _mcmimaa wbsf‘t kmijhfe b oihfho k`r` hfMribfjm‚lut, uk, gbyl` k` bfj tk` Lhe Gbo omuij stbe`

bf xkhlhthmf= \hokbrj immcs ihc` k` obf kbfji` boihplmbrj. Uky, tkmuek, ha Nm` piby`j Jmuli`s, jhjf‘t k`

piby _hfei`s= Lòbus`, hf ’K‘s‗ mphfhmf,

’k` wbft`j tm ‛pufhsk‘ us amr fmt i`tthfekhg sìi `quhpg`ft bt tk` tmurfbg`ft.‗Bs amr Trbjht, wkm pbhr`j whtk Lml

Ubic`r hf tk` Jmuli`s, gbyl` k` jhjf‘t piby _hfei`s lòbus` k` omfshj`r`jkhgsìa ’tmm guok ma b prma`sshmfbi,‗ mr lòbus` Nm` bsc`j khg fmt tm.

G`f‘s whff`r _`bithì imst bebg` tm immp`r \by G`reihbfm, lut kbj

bf `bsy ahfbi whtk GoBa`` wkm piby`jtk` `v`ft‘s l`st gbtok hf jmwfhfe

Kmg`r Lrmwf hf tk` s`gh‘s, 28, < (sho),-2;, << (bat`r l`hfe jmwf <4-21 mfiy tmoimll`r Kmg`r whtk b suoo`sshmf ma whff`rs). Umg`f‘s ma omurs` w`ft tm Mieb‚`r, jhj H sby ’ma omurs`‗= L`v

kbj k`r twm ebg`s jmwf. _`fhmr‘s w`ft tm _bg Kmaaf`r mv`r Ubic`r <?-<2hf tk` :tk hf tk` s`gh‘s, bfj mv`r @ue`f` Uhismf hf tk` ahfbi.

Mtk`r r`suits> B‘s> Erè Ehfemij mv`r N`rry Zkrbsk`r. L‘s> ’\`j‗Uhij`r mv`r \bfjy K`ss. (\`j bfj khs lmy, Gbrc, obg` ly obr‚trbvì`j

Nm` _mcmimaa

\hokbrj GoBa``...r`bjy tm boo`pt bii

oihplmbrj okbii`fe`s

Auf bt Aimrhjb‘s

Uhft`r Mp`f>

Erè EhfemijTkmtm ly Gbi

Bfj`rsmf



<11

smg` 044 ghi`s armg tk`hr kmg` hf Nbocsmfvhii`, Biblbgb. Fmw tk`r`‘s b abtk`r/smf wkm orbv`bothmf.) L Jmuli`s> Ehfemij/_t`v` A`j`rhom mv`r Uhij`r/Z`j Lbss`tt. Fmvho`> Tbt Tbtt`rsmfmv`r Ubyf` Jbuft, jùo` hf tk` 0 tk. Omfsmibthmf> Ehfemij mv`r Ubic`r. Lmys 25> MotbvhmThffìi, Nr. mv`r Jbuft wkm‘j rbiih`j armg jmwf <-4 tm must Tkhi Thffìi. Ehris 25> K`ss mv`r _oruees. 20‘s> K`ss mv`r Nmkf @iihmtt. 2?‘s> Imfe Hsibfj‘s Obri Jbff`r (k` ai`w jmwf whtk jbj

Ar`j3 tk`y‘j tbc` hf Ubit Jhsf`y Umrij) mv`r Uhij`r. (\mf \hem, ;, _t`v`‘s smf, emt tm piby hftkhs P-2? rmufj rmlhf, khs ahrst tmurfbg`ft). Uk`ìokbhr> fmp`, tk`r` wbsf‘t suok bf `v`ft, luttkbt jhjf‘t stmp Ghbgh bttmrf`y _bg Ai`tok`r, wkm‘j ’suaa`r`j bf hfnury tm khs iès hf b aiyhfeboohj`ft,‗ armg omgp`thfe. U`‘ii s`` gmr` ma khg ibt`r.

Pp fmw tm tk` F.X.-br`b G`trm Mp`f wk`r` Bi`x_khrmcy wmf tk` G`f‘s hf

strbhekt ebg`s mv`r _urbsbc wkm‘s tbc`f tm pibyhfespbrhfeiy tk`s` jbys. Umg`f‘sw`ft tm Biho` Er``f mv`r Tbt

Khij`lrbfj. Tbt wbs fbg`j’_pmrtswmgbf amr ‘52 ly tk`

spmrts `jhtmrs bfjomgg`ftbtmrs ma \`jhaaushmf,mf` ma tk` lhee`st rbjhmstbthmfs hf Lbrlbjms.‗ G`f‘sJmuli`s whff`rs w`r` Jbv`Tkhihp/_bg Kbggmfj mv`r

_urbsbc/Arbfc Jwìiy. L`st hfUmg`f‘s Jmuli`s> Gurhì_t`rf/Khij`lrbfj mv`r

Gbreu`rht` Lurf`tt/Z`rryEr``f. Ghx`j wbs wmf ly @rhoTkhiihps/Lurf`tt mv`r

Kbggmfj/Khij`lrbfj.Mtk`r whff`rs> B‘s> Jwìiy mv`r @rfst Uhii`r. L‘s> Jbf Er``f mv`r _hj Nbomls. G`f‘s

Omfsmibthmf> 2st, Jmmf Umfe3 <fj, Nboc Uh`f`r. Umg`f‘s Omfsmibthmf> 2st, Tè Jbiy3 <fj,@vìyf ^bcbrhf. _`fhmr‘s> Gbroy Gmfbst`rhbi mv`r Kbi Er``f. P-25‘s> Ebry Bjìgbf mv`r Nmkf GoErbw.

Zk` Tkhibjìpkhb Z.Z. Oiul choc`j maa hts f`w 285< Hfvhtbthmfbi _`rh`s whtk hts Nbf.

Uhiihbg T`ff Mp`f. Zk` hj`b ma tk` _`rh`s hs tm kmij shx tmurfbg`fts‚whtk bsshef`j pmhfts lbs`j mf p`ramrgbfo` amr `bok G`f‘s `v`ft. Zk`s`, tk`f, whii r`suit hf b ahfbi Hfvhtbthmfbi amr

tk` i`bjhfe 21 pmhft-e`tt rs‚bf Hfvhtbthmfbi tkbt whii kbv` prhz` gmf`y amr bii, hfoiujhfe b$?44 2st Trhz`.

Bfj whtk tkbt, i`t g` sby bt mfo`, sbvbeìy, tkbt H kbv` sgmc`j tk` p`bo` php` hfTkhibjìpkhb. Hf bipkbl`thobi mrj`r w` sbt‚Bfj`rsmf, Lmeebf, Kbrhfe, Qhokfhf‚rmufj tk`

ohroi` ma tkhs w``c`fj ufhty…bs ha whtk a`btk`rs hf mur obps. Limmj lrmtk`rs.Pfihc` tk` ibst tmurfbg`ft hf Tkhiiy, tkhs mf` wbs spr`bj mv`r twm jbys, bfj ht gbj` bii

tk` jhaa`r`fo`. Bs Qhokfhf, bs K`rl sbhj, ht ebv` bii tk` p`mpi` wmrchfe kbrj tm jm tkhfes rhekt, prma`sshmfbiiy, smg` guok f``j`j siboc thg`, biimw`j tk`g tm l` rìbx`j…kugbf, `r, gmr`

Tbt Khij`lrbfj, ’_pmrts Umgbf ma tk` X`br‗Tkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



<15

kugbf. Amr tk` ahrst thg` tk`r` w`r` rmufj rmlhfs amr tk` P-2?, P-20, P-25 Lmys bfj Ehris.Bism, tk` tmp piby`rs w`r` ehv`f spòhbi omfshj`rbthmf, w`r` fmt r`quhr`j tm piby _bturjbygbtok`s. Bfj mf _ufjby ht wbsf‘t tk` usubi imfe jby hftm tk` Gmfjby gmrfhfe erhfj. Zk`tmurfbg`ft wbs mv`r ly 8 p.g.

Bism, tk`r` wbs ZQ omv`rbe`, sm tkbt tk` Tkhibjìpkhb Oiul wbs s``f ly tkmusbfjs.

Hf`vhtbliy tkms` f`wiy hft`r`st`j whii okòc mut tk` piby, bfj Oiul maahohbis br` pr`pbrhfe amr tk`g. F`w limwf-up photur`s ma tk` tmp P._. piby`rs kbv` lèuf tm ihf` tk` wbiis. Zk` smjbgbokhf` hs omfthfubiiy r`pi`fhsk`j armg b ràrhe`rbtmr tkbt‘s bism stmoc`j whtk (skkk, ymu‘r`fmt suppms`j tm sìi ht) l``r. Khekiy spòhaho rmufj rmlhf, thg`-sok`jui`j jrbw sk``ts obf l`s``f ly mf` bfj bii. Zrmpkh`s sht wbhthfe amr whff`rs. I`beu` j`tbhis, rbfchfe ihsts, rui`s, up-tm-jbt` f`wspbp`r oihpphfes bfj pkmtms‚bii chfjs ma tbli` t`ffhs hfamrgbthmf hs bvbhibli` amr bfy piby`r wkm wbfts ht.

Zkmuek tk` tmurfbg`ft j`sc shts wìi tm tk` lboc ma tk` omurts, tkhs w``c`fj, ObriTimtfhoc lrmuekt bimfe b kmg`-luhit bgpihah`r, bfj `v`rytkhfe obg` tkrmuek imuj bfj oi`br. _mtkbt wkbt H k`brj bfj sbw tkhs w``c`fj hf Tkhibjìpkhb skmw`j tk` l`st chfj ma omftrmi.

\`suits> Bi`x _khrmcy wmf tk` G`f‘s‚28, <2, 28 mv`r _bg Kbggmfj wkm hf tk`

qubrt`r‘s kbj strueei`j hftm tk` 0tk

whtk Jbv` Tkhihp, tk`f hf tk` s`gh‘s kbj stmpp`j Lhii_kbrp`, whff`r hf 0 mv`r Gbrc \bjmg. Chi Nb ’Ihsb‗ Xmmf tmmc tk` Umg`f‘s armg Gurhì

_t`rf. G`f‘s Jmuli`s w`ft tm _khrmcy bfj 2854 GHZ ìòtrhobi `fehf``rhfe erbjubt` IhgGhfe Okuh mv`r Tkhihp/Kbggmfj hf 03 Ghx`j tm Okuh/Xmmf mv`r Tkhihp/_t`rf. L`st hf@squhr`‘s> E`mre` \moc`r mv`r gbfy-thg` F.N. Okbgp Lhii Ormss3 hf _`fhmr‘s, Zhg Lmeebfmv`r \moc`r.

Mtk`r whff`rs>B‘s> \by Gbijmfbjm

mv`r \bjmg wkm‘j ‟ <4, 28, << whtkstmmjimmp`r _tbf

_gmibfmwhoz‘sjbfohfe-ammtst`pswmmps bfj swhris. B

Jmuli`s> Brtkur Fh`v`s/Zhggy Kmus`mv`r \bjmg/_hjNbomls, <?-<2 hf tk` ?rj.L‘s> N`rry Ai`hsokkboc`r mv`r Gbrty Zk`hi hf 0.

O‘s> Emrjmf Erèemv`r Ai`hsokkboc`r.

Omfsmibthmf> Erèe mv`r Ghc` uc`rgbf. Lmys 25>Kmus` mv`r _t`v` Umia. Nufhmr Jmuli`s> Lruo`Timtfhoc/_omtt GoJmwìi mv`r Ghc` _t`rf/Umia.Ehris 25> Gurhì _t`rf mv`r Mrih Khggìw`ht. Lmys

20> _t`rf mv`r GoJmwìi, jùo` hf tk` ?rj hf tk`s`gh‘s, bfj mv`r Timtfhoc hf ? hf tk` ahfbi. Ehris 20>_t`rf mv`r Z. GoJmwìi. Lmys 2?> Timtfhoc mv`r Kmus`. Ehris 2?> Khggìw`ht mv`r GoJmwìi.

N`rry Ai`hsokkboc`r

Mrih Khggìw`htTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



<1;

J-N, Qhmi`ttb Zbc` @bst rf‘s

Zkbfc tk` t`bg ma Xvmff` Crmfibe` (k`r F`w Obrrmiitmf, GJ Oiultkbt mp`f`j hf tk` abii wbs tk` ?rj oiul sk`‘j amufj`j), Zmurfbg`ft Okbhr LmlCbghfscy, Nhg Q rtb, Ibrry Amic, Obri Crmfibe`, Lbrlbrb Cbghfscy, LmlOkbhgsmf, Jmffb Okbhgsmf F`wìi, bfj Ubit`r C`hg bgmfe mtk`rs amr

lrhfehfe blmut tk` Nbf., 285< @bst rf‘s bt \hv`rjbi , GJ. Ma omurs Xvmff`/Lml bfj Om. wbft`j tm jm tkhfes hf b lhe wby‚ihc` gbyl` lrhfehfe hf b amr`hef stbr mr twmufthi, bs Lml tìis us (ZZZ , Gbr.-Bpr., 285<), smg` tmp P._. piby`rs, tm Lml‘s surprhs`, fhx`jtkbt> ’U` jmf‘t wbft tm trbvì bfj tk`f ims` tm smg` amr`hef`r3 k`‘ii e`t tk` gmf`y, tk` thti`,bfj w`‘ii e`t fmtkhfe.‗

Ht‘s tru` tkbt tk` tmurfbg`ft wbs maa`rhfe $2,444 mr sm hf tk` ahv` gbnmr `v`fts, lutLml tkmuekt tk` xp`rh`fo` ma pibyhfe bfj wbtokhfe bfj i`brfhfe armg bf mutshj` stbr wmuij

g``t whtk tk` tmp piby`rs‘ bpprmvbi. _thii, k` cf`w tk`y omuij l` quhrcy‚kbia ma tk` tmp ?<s``js kbjf‘t `ft`r`j ly j`bjihf`-thg` bfj kbj tm l` pkmf`j (hf smg` obs`s, fmt mfo` luttwho`). Hfj``j, ma tk` ’?:0 pbrthohpbfts (<4-?4 f`v`r skmw`j up), <44…`ft`r`j hf tk` ibsttwm jbys mr bat`r tk` j`bjihf`‗

(wkhok fò`ssbrhiy kbj tm l``xt`fj`j).

Uhtk tkhs ibre` `ftry bssurhfeb fugl`r ma spòtbtmrs (blmut 144obg` mf _bturjby, 844 mf _ufjby),tk` mrebfhz`rs trh`j tm e`tspmfsmrs‚Uhj` Umrij ma _pmrts,T`psh Omib, tk` Fbthmfbi Lr`whfe

Om.‚lut tm fm bvbhi. Kmw`v`r, tk`f`wspbp`r omv`rbe` turf`j mut tm lèr`bt, bfj tk`r` wbs lmtk b kbia-kmur

ZQ skmw (spbrc`j ly hft`rvh`ws whtk’Thfe-Tmfe Jhpimgboy‗ piby`rswkm‘j emf` tm Okhfb) bfj smg`

BLO, FLO, bfj G`trmg`jhb ZQf`ws stmrh`s. Bism, Lml bfj Xvmff`,wkm‘j l` ehv`f bf bwbrj amr k`r F`w Obrrmiitmf ròr`bthmfbi wmrc,w`r` suoo`ssaui hf e`tthfe s`v`rbi puliho aheur s tm btt`fj tk`

tmurfbg`ft> Gr. Bii`f \`hok, J`putyBsshstbft _òr`tbry ma _tbt` amr

Ouiturbi Baabhrs, Gr. E`mre` B. Qmf T`t`raay, J`puty Bsshstbft _òr`tbry ma _tbt` amr Hft`rfbthmfbi Mrebfhzbthmf Baabhrs, bfj s`v`rbi Trhfo` E`mre`‘s Omufty maahohbis, hfoiujhfe Gr.Nmrjbf I. Kbrjhfe, Gbymr ma F`w Obrrmiitmf.

M.C., fmw amr gy wrht`-up ma tk`s` @bst`rf‘s.

Bs H wbs blmut tm kbv` b fmt-sm-`briy Gmfjby gmrfhfe lr`bcabst bt tk` _k`rbtmfGmtmr Hff bat`r tk` tmurfbg`ft, H ràiòt`j mf tk` rbtk`r w`bryhfe w``c`fj. Ihc` b fugl`r ma mtk`rs, H‘j jmf` gy juty amr tk` g`jhb. Zk`r` wbs, amr `xbgpi`, bt tk` jmwftmwf G`trmg`jhbstujhm, tk` Gbury Tmvhok _kmw, bfj mut bt tk` Tbrcjbi` Khek eyg, hf l`tw``f v`fts, tk` Qmho` ma

Armft rmw> J-N I``, Bii`f \`hok, J`puty Bsshstbft _òr`tbry

ma _tbt` amr Ouiturbi Baabhrs, E`mre` B. Qmf T`t`raay, J`puty

Bsshstbft _òr`tbry ma _tbt` amr Hft`rfbthmfbi Mrebfhzbthmfbi

Baabhrs, bfj Lml Cbghfscy. Ubit`r C`hg, Ubskhfetmf Br`b

P_ZZB Nufhmr Okbhrgbf, hs l`khfj J-N.Tkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



<18

Bg`rhob…bebhf. ’Lut H nust jhj b tbp` amr Qmho` ma Bg`rhob,‗ H sbhj. ’X`bk, sbys tk` euy whtktk` ghc`, lut k`‘s Cmr`bf. H‘g Obfbjhbf. Emt 2<0 muti`ts. Ht‘ii mfiy tbc` b ghfut` mr twm.M.C.=‗

Bt lr`bcabst H mp`f tk` ahrst ma gy Ubskhfetmf pbp`rs tm s`` wkbt chfj ma ahfbi jbyomv`rbe` w` emt. Bfj tk`r`, rhekt bwby, gy `y` obtok`s bf brthoi` mf tk` tmurhfe prms. ’G`f

_pho` Zbli` Z`ffhs,‗ sbys tk` k`bj. Mfiy, uflìh`vbli`, ht‘s blmut Oibrc Erb`lf`r bfj smg`mtk`r prms‚ t`ffhs prms. B y`br bem, H ihc` tm tkhfc, tkhs hfor`jhli` ghstbc` omuijf‘t kbv`kbpp`f`j. Lut tmjby ht g`bfs, gbyl`, tkbt fmw w`‘v` emt gmr` tkbf mur omv`r`j-up photur`mf tk` Lhe Ohty spmrts j`scs ma Bg`rhob. Ht‘s ihc` gbyl` tk`r`‘s sujj`fiy b f`w c`y l``f putmf `v`ry oibtt`rhfe typ`wrht`r hf bii tkms` f`wspbp`r maaho`s. T`rkbps fmw, pmmr jhstrbot`j`jhtmrs, kurrh`jiy pmufjhfe mut ibst-ghfut ompy-okbfe`s, kbv` simwiy, ufomfsohmusiy lèuf tme`t b strmfe, pr`ss-f``j`j-k`r` hgpr`sshmf ma mur abst-ermwhfe spmrt hftm tk`hr k`bjs.

Bk, wìi, l`tt`r tm jr`bg, rbtk`r tkbf tm fèbthvìy tkhfc, bs jm smg` ohrouht rèuibrs,tkbt `v`ry thg` tk`r`‘s g`jhb omv`rbe` tk` gbtok`s nust br`f‘t hft`r`sthfe.

Bsc, ha ymu ihc`, wk`tk`r tk`r` wbs bfylmjy tk`r` bt tk` Tbrcjbi` eyg‚sby, armg tkÙbskhfetmf Tmst ‚tm omv`r tk` mp`fhfe piby ma tk` Nufhmr‘s….Fm= M.C., tk`f, H‘ii ehv` ht b em

bfj obrry mf armg tk`r`.O`rtbhfiy `xohthfe bfj

ufpr`jhotbli wbs tk` LmysP-2? ahfbi l`tw``fTkhibjìpkhb‘s Lruo` Timtfhoc bfj Mgbkb‘s Gurrby Cuti`r wkmg tk` @bst`rf`rs kbjf‘ts``f bt khs l`st bt tk` Zmrmftm

OF@. Hf tk` mf` s`gh‘s,Gurrby kbj jà`bt`j ObriJbff`r. Hf tk` mtk`r, Lruo`

kbj cfmoc`j mut #2 s``jZhggy Kmus`. ’Zk`y c`pt g`mut tmm ibt`,‗ wbhi`j tk` F`w

Xmrc`r fmw hf khs ibst y`br ma Nufhmr‘s‚H g`bf Lmys. ’Hmfiy emt ? kmurs si``p.‗ Zkàhfbi sbw Gurrby whf hf :, bfjguok ma ht kbj tm jm whtk tk` abot tkbt k`‘j nust omg` lboc armg _w``rhs‘s trbhfhfe obgpwk`r`, jurhfe mf` s`sshmf wk`f k` wbsf‘t jmhfe pusk-ups mr sht-ups mr cf``-kmps, k` tmmc

thg` mut tm kht hf <<51 omfsòuthv` amr`kbfjs (g‘emj, jm`s k` swhfe whtk mf` kbfj, oihoc bomuft`r whtk tk` mtk`r=). Gurrby sbhj tk` ohrouht trbhfhfe k` jhj gbj` khg guok gmr` ai`xhli`,

kìp`j khg tm gmv` hftm tk` lbii guok l`tt`r. K`‘s bism lòmg` gmr` omgp`ththv` ly pibyhfehf tk` Mgbkb Gmf. bfj Arh. fhekt i`beu`s, bfj ma omurs` ly fmt wbfthfe tm o`j` tk` spmtihekttm khs shst`r _t`pkbfh`, Ghss Z``fbe` Bg`rhob 2st ruff`r-up.

Hf tk` Lmys P-20‘s, Zmrmftm‘s Tbui Ci`vhfbs jmwf`j Ghokhebf‘s Ghc` Q`hii`tt` tkr``

strbhekt. Lut Ghc`‚wkm‘s b ar`skgbf mf khs khek sokmmi vbrshty t`ffhs t`bg bfj prbothobiiyomg`s mut tk` jmmr ma khs kmus` mftm tk` f`w \mok`st`r Khiis \boqu`t Oiul omurts‚ ròmv`r`j tm tbc` tk` P-25‘s armg Ci`vhfbs hf tk` s`gh‘s bfj Jbffy _``ghii`r, ?-4, hf tk` ahfbi.Ghc` bism t`bg`j whtk \hoc \ugli` amr b whf hf Nufhmr Jmuli`s mv`r _``ghii`r/Lhii ^bt`c. J-N

Gurrby Cuti`r whfs @bst`rf‘s Lmys Pfj`r 2? mv`r Lruo` Timtfhoc Tkmtm ly Lhii Gbri`fs



<54

I`` wbs tìihfe g` kmw hgpr`ss`j k` wbs ly lmtk Ci`vhfbs bfj Q`hii`tt`‚`spòhbiiy whtk tk`hr lbockbfj `xokbfe`s bfj immp r turfs. Làmr` suoouglhfe tm Ghc`‘s tmpsphfs, Jbffy kbjtbc`f mut Zmrmftm‘s 25-y`br-mij Xu Nhf Tbc. Xu Nhf (prmfmufo`j ’@ue`f`‗‚’Obii ymu E`f`=‗H sby. ’Obii ymu, Xmu=‗ sbys bfmtk`r), amrg`riy armg _`mui, obg` tm Obfbjb b a`w s`bsmfs bembat`r : y`brs hf Lrbzhi wk`r` k` jhjf‘t piby bfy tbli` t`ffhs bt bii.

Xu Nhf, wkm ups`t tk` #2 s``j hf tk` B‘s, Lhii I`sf`r, wmf tk` 2:;-`ftry L‘s mv`r Zr`ftmf‘s Lml _bp`rst`hf. Zk` ymufe Cmr`bf sbys khs ammtwmrc‘s er`btiy hgprmv`j shfo` k` lèbf prbothohfe bigmst `v`ry jby whtk Zmrmftm‘s Lhii Ok`fe. B p`fkmij`r, k` pibfs f`xt y`br tm swhtok tm skbc`kbfjs lòbus` tkbt‘s wkbt `v`rylmjy us`s hf Fmrtk Bg`rhob, bfj tk` mfiywby tm e`t l`tt`r hs tm ompy tk` l`tt`r piby`rs.

Hf tk` B‘s, Q`hii`tt` kbjbf briy sobr` whtk Lml Cbghfscy, lut pr`vbhi`j jùo` hf tk` ?rj. Lml bs Zmurfbg`ft Okbhr kbj tmamiimw b thekt sok`jui`‚lut tk` thg`-mut ghfut` ma prby`r amr _h \btf`r, ’tk` ahf`st Bg`rhobf piby`r hf khs be` ermup hf tk` 2814‘s,‗ bf mrebfhz`r ma oiuls hf tk` Ubskhfetmf br b, bfj jmfmr ma tk Umg`f‘s Fbthmfbi Okbgphmfskhp Zrmpky, wbs b oibss e`stur . Mf bjvbfohfe tm tk ahfbi,Q hii`tt` imst tm Fmrtk Obrmihfb‘s Nhg GoRu``f wkm s`v`rbi gmftks bem emt mut ma tk` Fbthmfbi

Eubrj bfj wkm nust ibst w``c wmf b 2-stbr tmurfbg`ft hf \bi`hek. Nhg, b gòkbfhobi fehf``r hftmj`shef bfj omfstruothmf, gbc`s khs mwf Lbisb wmmj-o`ft`r rboc`t, bfj rull`r lbfjs b omupi`

jmz`f Tmpshoi` sthocs (y`s, Tmpshoci` sthocs) rmufj tk` kbfji` tm ehv` khg, bs k` sbys, ’gmròmftrmi.‗ Omghfe lboc armg jmwf 2-4 bfj 21-28 hf tk` <fj k` lèbf limochfe Ghc`‘s immp v`ryàaòthvìy bfj turf`j tk` gbtok brmufj. Nhg bism wmf tk` G`f‘s Omfsmibthmf armg F`bi Amx. BJmuli`s w`ft tm Nhg Jhxmf/N`rry Ai`hsokkboc`r mv`r Timtfhoc/\bjmg, <?-<2 hf tk` :tk.

Zk` Umg`f‘s B‘s wbs wmf ly Xvmff` Crmfibe` mv`r Chi Nb Xmmf, wkhi` Jmffb F`wìitmmc tk` Umg`f‘s Omfsmibthmf armg Tè Jbiy. Gurhì _t`rf bfj L`v K`ss spiht ahfbis‚Gurhìwhffhfe tk` Ehris P-25, L`v tk` Ehris P-20. Eimrhb F`sucbhths tmmc tk` Ehris P-2? armg JbfbEvhijys, jbuekt`r ma 280; Obfbjhbf Oims`j G`f‘s Okbgphmf Trbfbs Evhijys.

Nhg GoRu``f, @bst`rf B Uhff`r mv`r Ghc` Q`hii`tt`Tkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf

_h \btf`r whtk tk`

P._. Mp`f Umg`f‘s _hfei`strmpky k` jmfbt`j



<52

Hf tk Umg`f‘s rmufjrmlhf s`gh‘s, Mribfjm‘s Mieb_mit`sz piby`j twm imshfe lut`xohthfe 0-ebg` gbtok`s bebhfstQhmi`ttb F`sucbhths bfj Biho`

Er``f. Mieb nust obg` lboc armgNbpbf wk`r` Mehgurb kbj k`r jmhfe lmtk g`ftbi bfj pkyshobi`x`rohs`s. ’Xmu gust mv`romg`ymursìa,‗ k` tmij k`r orypthobiiy,’làmr` ymu obf mv`romg` ymur mppmf`fts.‗ Mieb juthauiiy rbf,

nugp`j rmp . ’Fm mtk`r tmp P._.wmgbf x`rohs`s,‗ sk` sbhj. ’Hmuekt tm kbv` b lhe bjvbftbe`.‗Meh tmij Mieb tkbt sk` f``js

thg`‚sm sk`‘s fmt wmrrh`j fmwblmut imshfe. Gbyl` tkbt‘s wky

sk` omuij piby sm wìi hf whffhfetk Ghx`j whtk Nmkf Zbff`khiimv`r @rrmi Ob`tbfm bfj Qhmi`ttb‘s ’bfth-tmpsphf nufc.‗ Mfiy Mieb jhjf‘t whf tk` Umg f‘sJmuli`s‚sk` bfj Lbrlbrb Cbghfscy w`r` l`bt`f hf 0 ly Qhmi ttb bfj k`r shst r Aimrb.

Qhmi`ttb bshiy jà`bt`j Biho` tm tbc`tk Umg`f‘s thti bfj tk $50 2st Trhz`. Abtk`r/Ombok Kbi kbj ure`j Biho` fmt tm kht b lbii, tm

pusk amr tk` @xp`jht` \ui . Lut ht jhjf‘t wmrc mut amr k`r‚sk` jhjf‘t cfmw wk`r` k`r k`bjwbs, sbhj sk ’nust jhjf‘t tkhfc.‗ Qhmi`ttb‘s

Abtk`r/Ombok Nmkf tmij g` tkbt Qhmi ttb kbj l``f kbvhfe b prmli`g bebhfst b k`bvy immp‚ kbj l``f pmpphfe tk` lbii up. _m nust làmrÒkrhstgbs sk` emt tkhs f`w bfth-tmpsphf rboc`tarmg Bustrhb bfj stbrt`j pibyhfe hf tk` Zmrmftmi`beu` bebhfst g`f.

Qhmi`ttb wbs fmt mfiy hft`rvh`w`j lyb Ihtkubfhbf Qmho` ma Bg`rhob r`pmrt`r lut

wbs bism pr`s`ft`j whtk aimw`rs ly b ermup ma Ihtkubfhbfs armg tk` Ubskhfetmf br`b. Fho`,kuk‚wkbt `v`ry ehri muekt tm e`t mf whffhfe.

Mv`r hf tk` G`f‘s, hf tk` rmufj rmlhf s`gh‘s, tk`r` wbs b _mutk Barhobf, b Euybfhbf, bZkbh, bfj b _mutk Cmr`bf.

J`r`c Ubii kbj emtt`f tk`r` tk`s` gbfy y`brs mut ma tk` Zrbfsvbbi ly musthfe Luch`thf 0, bat`r L`rfh` kbj cfmoc`j mut Jìi _w``rhs. Ma omurs` Luch`t jhjf‘t j`hef tm piby hf tk`_`fhmr‘s, wmf ly Zhg Lmeebf mv`r K`rl Kmrtmf, lut k` jhj brrbfe` tm piby _`fhmr Jmuli`swhtk Bi Fmok`fsmf bfj tk`y obg` <fj tm Lmeebf/Ghtok _hil`rt.

Zk` F`sucbhths shst`rs whf Umg`f‘s Jmuli`s mv`r Lbrlbrb bfj MiebTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf

Zmurfbg`ft Okbhr Lml Cbghfscy pr`s`fts tk`

Umg`f‘s _hfei`s trmpky tm Qhmi`ttb F`sucbhthsTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



<5<

Bebhfst tk` ymufe bfj abst-gmvhfe @rrmi Ob`tbfm, tk` :2-y`br-mij Ubii wbs up <-4tk`f sbhj khs iès ebv` mut mf khg. ’H‘g emhfe tm stbrt pibyhfe squbsk bebhf,‗ k` sbhj. ’Uhsk H

w`r` b lht ymufe`r. Ht‘s b lht tmuek fmw. _thii, H‘g hf pr`tty emmj skbp`.‗ Bfj, bs ha tm prmv` ht,k`‘s up 24-0 hf tk` 0tk bebhfst T`t`r Trbjht‚mfiy tm ims` ht. Bt 28-bii, Ubii vhohmusiy okmpp`j b lbii hf kbia, bs ht w`r , sbw ht nust schg tk` f`t‚bfj Lmmg! Trbjht put ht bwby. ’H jmf‘t cfmwkmw H jhj ht,‗ T`t`r sbhj ibt`r. ’H whf tkhs gbtok,‗ sbhj Ubii, ’H omuij kbv` omg` < fj.‗ _mg`mf`mv`rk`brhfe khg bsc`j, ’Fmw tkbt ymu‘r` lboc armg Okhfb, wky jmf‘t ymu obii ymursìa, ‛ZkÈr`bt Ubii‘= Xmu cfmw, kbv` ht prhft`j mf ymur skhrts bfj stuaa.‗

F`v`r ghfj suok f``jihfe. F`xt w``c, bs Fbthmfbi Ombok ma Obfbjb, bfj mf` ma tk` a`wg`f hf Fmrtk Bg`rhob tm kbv` gbj` b ihvhfe bt tk` _pmrt, J`r`c‘s maa tm put tme`tk`r b tbli` t`ffhsahig hf Obiebry. Zk` Bil`rtb emv`rfg`ft hs sulshjhzhfe ht amr hts sokmmis bfj ufhv`rshth`s.

Pfj`fhbliy Ubii‘s tkr``-gmftk‘s ombokhfe tkhs sugg`r kìp`j iàtkbfj`r Ob`tbfm l`bt@rrmi \`s`c hf tk` qubrt`r‘s. @rrmi, hf tk` _tbt`s shfo` ‘12, wbs tk` sulnòt rò`ftiy ma tkòì`lrhty quhz skmw, ’N`mpbrjy,‗ hf khs fbthv` Jmghfhobf \`puliho. Ru`sthmf> ’Ukm wbs tk`

ahrst Jmghfhobf tm em tm Okhfb=‗ Ahrst `v`r= Omrròt (mr bt i`bst boo`ptbli`) bfsw`r> ’@rrmi\`s`c.‗ Botubiiy, @rrmi bigmst jhjf‘t gbc` ht tm tk` qubrt`r‘s. Bat`r imshfe tk` ahrst twm ebg`s,k` wbs iuocy tm `sobp` amrg`r U`st Barhobf Okbgp _bg Kbggmfj <:-<< hf tk` 0tk. Bt 28-biitkbt ibst ebg`, piby stmps wkhi` @rrmi obiis amr tk` eyg jmmr tm l` oims`j. _ulti` bhr ourr`ftsbr` wbathfe hf armg piby`rs bfj spòtbtmrs mp`fhfe bfj r`mp`fhfe ht. Zk` jmmr hs oims`j.Uk`rùpmf @rrmi f`br abtbiiy wkhaas tk` ahrst lbii ehv`f khg. Kbggmfj khgsìa wbs v`ry

amrtufbt` tm e`t ly immp`r Emrjmf Erèe, amrg`riy armg Hfjhbfb, fmw hf tk` J.O. br`b.Emrjmf kbj _bg <4-25 hf tk` 0 tk làmr` imshfe. ’H‘v` f`v`r s``f bfymf` piby ufj`r pr`ssur` sm

l`buthauiiy,‗ Emrjmf sbhj bat`rwbrjs.\`s`c imst hf 0 tm Ob`tbfm bat`r tk` Obfbjhbf Hft`rfbthmfbi kbj lbrìy emtt`f ly

Aubrfbjm \ml`rts 28 hf tk` 0tk. @rrmi‚mur @rrmi‚trh`j gmvhfe tk` lbii armg shj` tm shj`, lutOb`tbfm wbs biwbys tk`r`, amrohfe whtk khs lbockbfj mr abst immphfe hf amr`kbfjs. Obfbjb‘s

@rrmi, kmw`v`r, wbs nust fmt emmj `fmuek tm `xokbfe` whtk mur Trbjht. T`t`r, w`brhfe khs’IMQ@‗ k`bjlbfj upshj` jmwf, emt tm tk` rmufj rmlhf ly pibyhfe b t`fs` 0-ebg` gbtok whtkZbff`khii. Jmwf <-2 lut up <4-21 hf tk` : tk, Nmkf jrmpp`j : hf b rmw làmr` ibst-ghfut`kbfehfe mf, mfiy tm jh` hf tk` 0 tk. ’H jmf‘t tkhfc H obf `v`r l`bt I``. Mr gbyl` Trbjht,‗ Nmkf

Trbjht blmut tm whf b squ`bc`r mv`r UbiiTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



<5?

sbhj bat`r tk` gbtok. _m ha k` jm`sf‘t tkhfc k` obf….Uhii k` armg fmw mf nust em tkrmuek tk`gmthmfs‚ihc` wk`f k` bfj \hok Abrrìi mp`f`j tk` eyg _ufjby gmrfhfe bfj w`r` nmeehfe biibrmufj tk` pibyhfe br`b…emhfe lbocwbrjs=

Zk` oihgbotho gbtok ma tk` tmurfbg`ft, fbturbiiy, hs I`` vs. Trbjht. ’Bat`r tkhs w` jrhfc l` r,‗ T`t r sbys quh tiy tm J-N. Zk` ahrst twm ebg`s br` juii. I`` whfs tk`g lmtk, sbys, ’Xmu obf

`xokbfe` whtk Trbjht.‗ Ht‘s l``f b imfe w``c`fj. J-N kbs l``f sìihfe khs quhpg`ft, bfsw`rhfe biichfjs ma qu`sthmfs, shefhfe butmerbpks, ehvhfe hft`rvh`ws. Bfj Trbjht, tmm, hs fmt up amr tk` gbtok. F`htk r fbthv` Bshbf kbs bt f wìi. J-N cfmws armg xp`rh fo tkbt kmt jmes bfj omij o iimpkbf`sbfjwhok`s gbc` khg shoc‚tkbt k`‘s emt tm kbv` aruht, b okmomibt` lbr, kmf`y, wbt`r‚tk`f, bat`r tk` tmurfbg`ft, bt jò`ftiy.

Ma omurs`, gmr` tkbf gmst p`mpi` hgbehf`, J-N a`ìs tk` pr`ssur`. Amr gbfy piby`rs ht‘srìbxhfe tm omg` tm b tmurfbg`ft. Amr J-N ht‘s strhotiy lushf`ss‚bfj thrhfe. K`‘s biwbys wmrchfe

mv`rthg`‚kmphfe, bfj fmt kmphfe, tkbt wk`f tk` tmurfbg`ft fjs, k`‘s sthii emt tkhs gbtok, tkbtgbtok, whtk tkhs mr tkbt ihfe`rhfe oustmg`r wbfthfe tk` Okbgp‘s p`rsmfbi ròmgg`fjbthmf bs tmwkbt‘s l`st tm luy. (T`bo` lbiis, p`rkbps, armg tkhs ah`ro` omgp`thtmr=) _bys wha` Ihfjb, ’H jmf‘timmc bt khs abo` wk`f k`‘s pibyhfe b ahfbi. Uk`f H immc bt khs abo`, H tkhfc wky k` ghss`j tk` lbii.‗

Mv`r bfj mv`r bebhf J-N kbs aìt, ’Uk`f H piby b emmj pmhft H mat`f e`t fm r`bothmfarmg tk` ormwj. Zk`y ihc` ht wk`f H piby b lbj pmhft. H tkhfc gbyl` H muekt tm ims` b gbtok‚ha

tkbt‘s wkbt tk`y wbft. Lut tk`f H sby, H obf‘t jm tkbt, fmt hf smg`tkhfe sm hgpmrtbft bs tkhs.‗_m, bs imobi _tbr r`pmrt`r Chch I`vbtk`s wrht`s (Nbf. <:), I`` wbs quht` ’tk` `gmthmfbi piby`r,stbgphfe khs ammt wk`f k` s`rv`j, yìihfe wk`f k` gbj` bf spòhbiiy strmfe r`turf bfj pbohfebrmufj tk` omurt l`tw``f s`rv`s khtthfe f`rvmusiy hftm tk` bhr.‗

J-N I`` (\) mf khs wby tm whffhfe tk` @bst`rf‘s, 28 hf tk` amurtk, mv`r T`t`r TrbjhtTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



<5:

Trbjht, tmm, smg`thg`s jmwf mf tk` aimmr bat`r khs amiimw-tkrmuek, omfthfu`j tm try khs l`st. 2st Trhz` hs $204, <fj Trhz` hs $244‚tk` jhaa`r`fo` tm lmtk hsf‘t ma prhgbry hgpmrtbfo`.T`t`r‘s l`khfj <-4 tm J-N, lut bt jùo` hf tk` ?rj k` kmijs abst, amro`s I``, ermwf pbi`r, mf hftmtk` :tk. ’Gust piby. Gust piby. O‘gmf, J-N‗‚sm tk` Okbgp, smttm vmo`, ure`s khgsìa mf. Bstk` ormwj smufjs hts jìhekt mv`r smg` hgpmsshli` bfei` skmt ma T`t`r‘s, H k`br armg tk` euy

f`xt tm g`, ’Fmtkhfe lmtk`rs Trbjht. K`‘s sm sgmmtk. Ukbt`v`r tk` somr`, k` pibys `xbotiy tk`sbg`. H tkhfc I``‘s barbhj ma khg.‗ Lut, bebhf, Trbjht jm`sf‘t whf. Zkmuek wkm omuij tkhfc tkbt mf-tk`-pmhft-ma-`xthfothmf ?rj ebg` bfj tk`f tkhs 28 :tk ebg` lmrhfe=

_@I@OZ@J FMZ@_.*Amrg`r Khstmrhbf ’Ghss Thfe‗ Fùl`re`r (ZZZ , Nbf.-A`l., 285< 25) qumt`s b 2810

I`tt`r wrhtt`f tm Bjvho` omiugfhst Bff Ibfjmrs tkbt‘s bprmpms k`r`‗

’…Iyi` bfj H kbj biwbys emtt`f bimfe ahf` ufthi amur gmftks bem wk`f khs omgpbfy put tbli` t`ffhs hf tk` oba`t`rhb. U` kbv`f‘t kbj jhff`r mf thg` shfo` Iyi` e`ts maa wmrc bt:>?4. K` us`j tm l` kmg` fm ibt`r tkbf 0>44. Fmw ha k` omg`s kmg` ly 5>44 H bg surprhs`j.

Zk`r`‘s fm pmhft hf bschfe khg tm l` gmr` omfshj`rbt` ma g` bfj tk` okhijr`f. K` sbys b gbfkbs tm kbv` bf muti`t amr khs f`reh`s bfj H skmuij omfshj`r gysìa iuocy k` hsf‘t jmhfe mtk`r

tkhfes….‗

Bff‘s bjvho`= ’_urprhs` Iyi` whtk b tbli` t`ffhs s`t Samr omgp`ththv` piby mf tk` jhfhfermmg tbli`=W bfj tbc` up tk` ebg` bt mfo`. Ha ymu kbv` smg` arh`fjiy f`heklmrs, jmuli`s bràuf, tmm.‗

‚Tkhibjìpkhb Hfquhr r , _`pt. <<, 2810

Zm `febe` hf suok spmrt‚wky, ht‘s bjjhothfe. Bfj smg`thg`s, ht‘s sbhj, mf` jm`s em tm`xtr`g`s. K`r` (ZZZ , Gbr.-Bpr., 285<, 25), armg Ghss Thfe bebhf>

’…Ghss S@i`bfmrW Ibtshi wbs hf tk` brgs ma k`r lmyarh`fj ufj`r bf mutshj` phfe pmfe tbli` wk`f k`r ar`fzh`j lmjy gmv`g`fts nbrr`j tk` lbii armg tk` tbli` tmp.

Ht aìi hftm k`r mp`f`j gmutk. Làmr` SK`rgbfW Jbpt`r omuij jm bfytkhfe tm sbv` k`r,@i`bfmr kbj okmc`j tm j`btk.

Ghss Ibttshi, b sbi`s r`pr`s`ftbthv` amr tk` O`ftrbi _tbt`s Thfe TmfeOmgpbfy…Somuij fmt l` sbv`j lyW bgluibfo` g`f wkm kbj rusk`j tm tk` so`f` ma tk`boohj`ft.

…K`rgbf Jbpt`r gbj` tkhs stbt`g`ft tm tk` GH\\M\>

’H jmf‘t cfmw wky w` jòhj`j tm em mutshj` tm gbc` imv`. Ht r`biiy wbsf‘t tkbtwbrg, lut @i`bfmr kbj tkhs strbfe` absohfbthmf amr phfe pmfe tbli`s bfj bfytkhfe

omffòt`j whtk tk`g. Nust bs w` w`r` k`bjhfe amr Oimuj Fhf`, @i`bfmr s``g`j tm e`tgmr` `xoht`j tkbf usubi, sm H immc`j up. Ht wbs t`rrhli`. K`r `y`s w`r` luiehfe bfj k`r abo` wbs bigmst liu`. Zk`f sk` smrt ma omfvuis`j bfj wbs v`ry sthii….‗

‚F`w Xmrc Jbhiy Ghrrmr , A`l., 2811

Jm w` cfmw suok p`mpi`=



<50

Okbpt`r Zw`fty-Mf`

285<> Pfprò`j`ft`j @.O. @iòthmf> Lmeebf/Obrr _uppmrt`rs/J`trbotmrs Aimmj

Zmphos Uhtk Omgg`fts.

Uhtk tk` bv`rbe` hssu` ma Zmphos fmw up armg 2< tm ?< tblimhj-shz` pbe`s, tk`r`‘s bfmppmrtufhty amr g`gl`rs tm `xpr`ss tk`gsìv`s mv`r b P_ZZB ìòthmf ihc` f`v`r làmr`, bfjtk`y jm. Zk` amur 285<-5: @.O. pmshthmfs tm l` jòhj`j mf br`>

Tr`shj`ft (Obfjhjbt`s> Hfougl`ft @xòuthv` Qho`-Tr`shj`ft Nboc Obrr3 Hfougl`ftQho`-Tr`shj`ft Zhg Lmeebf)3

@xòuthv` Qho`-Tr`shj`ft (Obfjhjbt`s> Hfougl`ft Tr`shj`ft Erbkbg _t``fkmv`f3Hfougl`ft \òmrjhfe _òr`tbry Oyrhi I`j`rgbf)3

Qho Tr`shj`ft (Obfjhjbt`s> Hfougl`ft Nboc Kmwbrj3 amrg`r P_ZZB Tr`shj`ft \uaamrjKbrrhsmf3 \hokbrj Khocs, _t`v` Hsbbosmf3 Ombok _okiàa3 E`mre` _hfoibhr3 Nm` _mcmimaa)3

\òmrjhfe _òr`tbry (Obfjhjbt`s> \bipk L`fj`r3 Imu Lmok`fsch3 Nmkf Ukht`).Obrr bfj Lmeebf br` tk` sulnòts ma gmst ma tk` r`bj`rs‘ `xpr`ss j mphfhmfs, amr ma

omurs` tk` Tr`shj`foy hs ly abr tk` gmst hgpmrtbft pmshthmf tm l` jòhj`j mf, bfj, bs tkòbfjhjbt`s br` quht` bt mjjs whtk mf` bfmtk`r, Lmeebf pbrthouibriy whtk Obrr, suppmrt`rs ma

`bok pulihoiy wbft tm tbc` shj`s. H‘ii suggbrhz` tk` tkrust ma Nboc bfj Zhg‘s Obgpbhefstbt`g`fts (ZZZ , Nbf.-A`l., 285<, 22), tk`f em mf armg tk`r`.

Nboc lèhfs ly bschfe tk` g`gl`rs tm vmt`’amr tkms` wkm kìp ymu, fmt amr tkms` wkm kìptk`gsìv`s.* K` tbc`s b stbfjbrj, ’sba`‗ pmshthmf(wkhok, upmf hfspòthmf, r`biiy hsf‘t tkbt ’sba`‗),

ihsts 22 f``js ma tk` Bssmohbthmf k` whii amst`r ha ìòt`j> 2. ’Trmgmt` ombokhfe tmurs…bfj ombokhfes`sshmfs bt tmurfbg`fts. Hf skmrt, kìp tk` bv`rbe`

piby`r tm lòmg` b okbgphmf.‗ <. ’Bueg`ft tk`Hft`rfbthmfbi Z`bg Aufj sm tkbt t`bgs tm tk` UmrijOkbgphmfskhps whii l` omgpi`tìy aufj`j.‗ ?.

@fkbfo` tbli` t`ffhs bs bf hft`romiièhbt`,hft`rsokmibstho, bfj hfjustrhbi i`beu` omgp`ththv`spmrt….Zkhs hfor`bs`j omgp`ththmf whii kìp usomgp`t` gmr` suoo`ssauiiy hf UmrijOkbgphmfskhps.‗

Bism> :. ’Hgprmv` omggufhobthmfs,‗

pbrthouibriy mf tk` Tr shj`ft‘s pbrt. 0. ’\`sug`g`gl`rskhp jrhv`s….U` omuij jmuli` mur

g`gl`rskhp ha w` r`biiy trh`j.‗ 1. ’Hfor`bs` tk`fugl`r ma tmurfbg`fts bfj tmurfbg`ft pbrthohpbthmf.‗ 5. ’Hfor`bs` tk` prhj` Stkrmuek l`tt r tmurfbg`ft pr`s`ftbthmfW bfj prmguiebthmf ma tk` spmrt S’ly l`tt`r jhròt omftbot whtk fbthmfbi tì`vhshmf bfj f`ws

g`jhb‗W.‗ ;. ’\`bothvbt` tk` Hft`rfbthmfbi Z`bg _qubj gbtok`s‗ (Kmwbrj‘s fmw tmm pr`moouph`j whtk \bthfes tm omfo`ftrbt` mf HZ_ wmrc). 8. Hfor`bs` tk` fugl`r ma pibo`s tm piby.‗ 24. ’Kìp mur oiuls gmr`….H kbv` kìp`j hfor`bs` tk` fugl`r ma oiuls hf Qhrehfhb,Z`xbs, Ghokhebf, Obihamrfhb, bfj T`ffsyivbfhb. Bt pr`s`ft H bg wmrchfe tm e`t mtk`rs hf

Nboc Obrr, 285< Tr`shj`fthbi Obfjhjbt`Tkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



<51

Hiihfmhs, Gbhf`, F`w Kbgpskhr` bfj Q`rgmft. U` skmuij l` bli`tm jmuli` tk` fugl`r ma baahihbt`j oiuls.‗ 22. Hgprmv` tk` p`ramrgbfo` ma tk` P_ZZB @xòuthv` Omgghtt``.‗

Nboc tk`f ehv`s us khs lbocermufj. K`‘s l``f hf @.O.maaho` tk` ibst `hekt y`brs. Jhj ’gmst ma tk` pr`s`ft Omfsthtuthmf

bfj Lyibws,‗ bfj jhj ’gmst ma tk` wmrc mf tk` pr`s`ft P_ZZB\ui`s Gbfubi‗ (tkmuek tk` Gbfubi hs sbhj tm l` omgphi`j bfj`jht`j ly _bg Q`hii`tt`, 281; P_ZZB \ui`s Okbhr). K` bism ihststk` gbfy bfj vbrh`j omgghtt``s k`‘s Okbhr`j bfj s`rv`j mf. K`fmt`s tkbt k` ’jmfbt`j bii rmybith`s tm tk` P_ZZB‗ armg khs

Bjvbfo`j Zbli` Z ffhs. Bfj k` hfjhobt`s khs lbocermufj bs>rà`r``, ugphr`, omfjuotmr ma tmurfbg`fts, xkhlhthmf piby`r, bfj

ombok ma okbgphmfs. K` fjs ly sbyhfe k`‘ii wmrc amr ymur l`fàht.

Lmeebf‘s bpprmbok hs abr jhaa`r`ft‚rk`tmrhobi, bfj fmt sm’sba`.‗ K` mp`fs whtk b qumt`>

’‛Ha H skmuij jh`,‘ sbhj H tm gysìa, ‛H kbv` iàt fm

hggmrtbi wmrc l`khfj g`‚fmtkhfe tm gbc` gy arh`fjs prmuj ma gy g`gmry‚lut Hkbv` imv`j tk` prhfohpi` ma l`buty hf bii tkhfes bfj ha H kbj kbj thg` H wmuij kbv` gbj`gysìa r`g`gl`r`j.‘

‚Nmkf C`bts (2580-2;<2)‗



<55

’Uìi,‗ Zhg wrht`s, ’tkmuek khs y`brs w`r` skmrt, C`bts, bs ht turf`j mut, jhj kbv``fmuek thg`….S\`bjhfe khg,W H‘g r`ghfj`j tkbt H, tmm, sthii kbv` `fmuek thg`. Zhg` tm us` biitk` hgbehfbthmf, tk` `f`rey, tk` prhj` bfj pbsshmf H obf psyokhobiiy e`f`rbt`‚tm bhg khek> tm l` fmt mfiy tk` er`bt`st ma Zmphos `jhtmrs lut tk` er`bt st ma P_ZZB pr`shj`fts….

Zm c``p tryhfe whtk b pbsshmf, tm omfthfu` tm obr` hf tkhs arustrbthfe wmrij (bfj hf tkhs

ihtti` hff`r ohroi` ma ht‚tkhs t.t. wmrij) hs tk` gmst hgpmrtbft i`ssmf H mr H tkhfc bfy pbr`ft obfkmp` tm t`bok khs okhijr`f. _m ha H wbft`j tm omfthfu` tm l` tru` tm gysìa, tm gy l`st sìa, bfj bf`xbgpi` tm gy lmys wkms` autur` hf tk` Ebg` ghekt wìi l` sm er`btiy baaòt`j ly tkhs iòthmf, ha Hr`biiy obr`j pbsshmfbtìy blmut tbli` t`ffhs hf tkhs omuftry, H kbj fm okmho` lut tm tbc` b _phrht ma _t.Imuhs smrt ma i`bp rhekt hftm \ml`rt‘s \ui`s ma Mrj`r, ameey bs tkbt ghekt smufj.

Ht wbs tk` mfiy wby, wkbt whtk Nboc Obrr ruffhfe amr tk` Tr`shj`foy ufmppms`j bfj mfròmrj tkbt k` jhjf‘t ’ehv` b jbgf‗ blmut hft`rfbthmfbi omgp`ththmf mr, hf àaòt, blmut tkms`

tmp piby`rs, gy arh`fjs, wkm omfthfu` tm `xkbust tk` l`tt`r pbrt ma tk`hr ihv`s fmt pbrbshthobiiytbichfe blmut tk` Ebg` lut pibyhfe ht.

Bfj Nboc‘s omfshst`ftiy vbeu` tbic blmut tk` oiuls‚bs ha tk` P_ZZB wbs mrebfhz`jamr tk` obsubi oiul piby`r. Uìi, ht hsf‘t, ht‘s amr tk` sbfothmf`j tmurfbg`ft piby`r.‗

Zhg tk`f em`s mf tm prbhs` Nboc Kmwbrj amr khs rbthfe syst`g tkbt whii ’prmvhj` gmr`hfo`fthv` amr tk` omgp`ththv` B-L-O piby`r wkm pr`s`ftiy amrgs tk` lboclmf` ma mur

Bssmohbthmf.‗ Zhg hfshsts tkbt `v`rymf` pibyhfe hf bfy chfj ma tmurfbg`ft whii kbv` tm l` b auii pbhj-up g`gl`r ma tk` P_ZZB (whtk tk` `xo`pthmf ma mf` wkm sthocs mut khskbfj…wìomg`j, bs tk`y sby, tm hfhthbiiy t`st tk` wbt`r). Hfshsts, tmm, tkbt tk` BjuitG`gl`rskhp a`` kbs tm l` rbhs`j tm bt i`bst $24. Amr b p`rsmf tm ’wbft tm l` prbothobiiy ehv`f bg`gl`rskhp ok`bp`fs fmt mfiy khg/k`r lut tk` Bssmohbthmf bs wìi.‗

Mf` prmnòt Zhg ure`s hs ’tm e`t spmfsmrs tm kmij w``c`fj nufhmr tmurfbg`fts, wk`r`

piby hs Ihtti` I`beu` s`rhmus, omgp`ththv`,‗ bfj wk`r` ’tmp piby`rs, piby`rs tk` chjs kbv`r`spòt amr bfj wbft tm l` ihc`,‗ obf kmij ombokhfe oihfhos amr tk`g.

Zhg hs aurhmus bt Nboc amr kmijhfe up khs ibt`st Zmphos @jhtmr‘s okòc, fmt omuft`r-

shefhfe ht lòbus` k` wbfts tm gbc` sur` Zhg‘s fmt sp`fjhfe P_ZZB gmf`y mf ammj bfj jrhfc bfj lòbus` k` wbfts tm amrohliy r`ghfj khg tkbt tk` gbebzhf` hs mv`r-luje`t. Mk, y`s, sbysZhg, hfj``j‚ht‘s emf` abr l`ymfj tk` lmufjbrh`s

tkbt Nboc kbs s`t amr ht. Lmeebf omfoiuj`s ly sbyhfe,ha ymu, tk` g`gl`rs, vmt` wrmfe hf tkhs ìòthmf,’ymu fmt mfiy ruf tk` rhsc ma imshfe g` bsTr`shj`ft,… ymu bism ruf tk` v`ry er`bt rhsc ma imshfe g` bs Zmphos @jhtmr. Amr, ufj`r tk` maahohbitkugl ma Gr. Obrr, H wbft ht biwbys tm l`

r`g`gl`r`j, bt i`bst hf tk`s` pbe`s, tkbt b \mgbfthohs biwbys bt wbr whtk b T`tty Lur`buorbt.‗

K`r` fmw hs gy suggbry ma tk` r`gbhfhfeObgpbhef _tbt`g`fts (ZZZ, Nbf.-A`l., 285<, 2<-2:)‚amr @xòuthv` Qho`-Tr`shj`ft, Qho`-Tr`shj`ft,bfj \òmrjhfe _òr`tbry.

Hf khs ruf amr @xòuthv` Qho`-Tr`shj`ft,Erbkbg _t``fkmv`f sp`bcs spòhahobiiy ma kmw k`suoo`ssauiiy kbfji`j Tuliho \ìbthmfs whtk Okhfb,ure`j tk` P._. Mp`f tm l` piby`j hf vbrhmus pbrts ma

Erbkbg _t``fkmv`fTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



<5;

tk` P._., bfj kìp`j tk` P._. Z`bg Okbgphmfskhps tmermw. K` wbfts tk` hfjhvhjubi tm kbv` vmthfe rhekts,kmp`s tm hftrmjuo` t.t. hf tk` sokmmis bfj sm e`t gmr`ymufe wmg`f piby`rs, hs pi`bs`j whtk Zmphos, bfjsuppmrts Lmeebf amr Tr`shj`ft.

Oyrhi I`j`rgbf, Erbkbg‘s mppmf`ft, b fho`,obrhfe euy lut fmt bf hgbehfbthv` mf`, bfj fmt mf` ehv`ftm spòhahos, sbys mur _pmrt hs stbefbthfe bfj tkbt ’htghekt l` fò`ssbry tm gpimy bf @xòuthv` _òr`tbry tmkbfji` tk` Bssmohbthmf‘s omrr`spmfj`fo` mf b auii-thg`sbibrh`j lbshs.‗ K` `fjmrs`s Nboc Obrr, \uaamrjKbrrhsmf, bfj \bipk L`fj`r.

Oyrhi, wkm emt b puliho `fjmrs`g`ft hf Zmphos

armg _mi _okhaa (k`‘ii l` ’b st`bjyhfe hfaiu`fo` mf tk`@xòuthv` Omgghtt``‗), whii jà`bt Erbkbg hf b oims`vmt`‚02: tm :10.

\èbrjhfe tk` 5-gbf Qho`-Tr`shj`ft rbo`, f`htk`r Jhoc Khocs fmr _t`v` Hsbbosmf wrmt` b Obgpbhef _tbt`g`ft‚wkhok omuijf‘t kbv` sbt wìi

whtk tk` vmt`rs.\uaamrj Kbrrhsmf pmhfts mut tkbt k` wbfts tm gbc` mur

Bssmohbthmf prma`sshmfbi, pr`s`ftbli` immchfe. Bt tk` rò`ft J`trmhtg``thfe mf` obfjhjbt` hf tkhs iòthmf (uffbg`j, lut mlvhmusiy, ehv`f tk` prmabfhty, Lmeebf) sbhj, ’H‘g emhfe tm t br jmwf tk` emj-jbgf`j rui lmmc‗‚bfj tkhs ’r ebrji ss ma khs mwf a`v rhsk wrhthfe ma ly-ibw

okbfe`s.‗ Ukbt chfj ma pkhimsmpky, wkbt chfj ma btthtuj` hs tkbt= Qmt` amr Nboc Obrr. L`shj`s Lmeebf obf‘t pmsshliy kbfji` lmtk Zmphos bfj tk`Tr`shj`foy. (Zkmuek hf tk` f`xt hssu` ma Zmphos, Obrr a`ìs ht‘s

jhsomurbehfe tkbt \uaamrj prbothobiiy bpmimehz`s tm Zhg amr fmt vmthfe amr khg bfj sbys ha Zhg whfs k`‘ii o`rtbhfiy suppmrt khg.) Ht‘s b pius amr Nboc tkbt k`‘ii omfjuot mrj`riy, tm-tk`-pmhft g``thfes. ’Zkhs,‗ sbys \uaamrj,

’whii i`bv` us pi`fty ma thg` tmjhsouss…mtk`r tkhfes tkbt w` f`v`r s``g tm e`t tm. Ihc` tk` autur`.‗

Nboc Kmwbrj sbys tk`Bssmohbthmf kbs ’tmm gbfy mlsmi`t`

bfj j`trhg`ftbi rui`s, usì`ss bfj/mr hfomgp`t`ft omgghtt``s

bfj jm-fmtkhfe maahohbis.‗ K` wbfts tm fomurbe` ’g`bfhfeauijhbimeu` l`tw``f Stk`W @O bfj pmt`fthbi baahihbt`s,‗ bs wìi bs

tk` @.O. bfj tk` ourr`ft g`gl`rskhp. Jmf‘t orhthohz`, k` tìisg`gl`rs, ufi`ss ymu ymursìa br` whiihfe tm bot tm hfsthtutòkbfe`. ’Zm tkms` wkm tbic `fji`ssiy blmut kmw Zbli` Z`ffhsskmuij l` mrebfhz`j hf sokmmis, hfjustry bfj imobi oiuls,‘ k`

bscs, ’Ukbt kbv` ymu jmf` tm lrhfe tkhs blmut=‗ (OmftbotJhsf`y, _khri`y, Kul`r, K`rlst, `t bi….‗). K bscs amr b vmt amr Lmeebf, bfj bttbocs _t``fkmv`f, wkm k` sbys kbs l``f v`ry ibx.Nboc‘s kbrsk orhthohsg gby kbv` omst Erbkbg tk` ìòthmf.

Oyrhi

I`j`rgbf

\uaamrj Kbrrhsmf

Nboc Kmwbrj



<58

Ombok _okiàa str`ss`s khs hfvmiv`g`ft whtkNufhmrs. _bys k`‘s hfv`ft`j b sgbii tbli` amr 1-;-y`br-mijs. Hs urehfe kmg`s f`br sokmmis tm ròyoièibss, sbys tk` sokmmi whii e`t $.42 b pmufj bfj tk`gmf`y whii em tm luy tbli` t`ffhs tbli`s. Ombok hs

pibffhfe tm mrebfhz` gmr` tmurfbg`fts bfj e`t gmr`wmg`f piby`rs.E`mre` _hfoibhr, wkm hf khs rmi`s bs Ghjw`st

Zmurfbg`ft Jhròtmr bfj @jhtmr ma Zmphos H‘vòmgg`ft`j mf `brih`r, sbys w` gust obphtbihz` mf tk`btt`fthmf tk` Okhfb trhp kbs lrmuekt tbli` t`ffhs‚ ’tk` gmst piby`j ebg` hf Bg`rhob.‗ _bys k` kbs

obgphfe ermufjs hj`bi amr b Fbthmfbi Zrbhfhfe Obgpwk`r` trbhf``s omuij ’omfo`ftrbt`, ruf, swhg, ahskbfj rìbx,‗ bfj hf tk`hr j`vìmpg`ft l` bli` ’tmgbtok tk` pibyhfe schiis ma bfy bssmohbthmf hf tk`

(HZZA) wmrij.‗ Nm` _mcmimaa,

wkm whii wrht` bs`rh`s ma Ombokhfebrthoi`s (’Zbli` Z`ffhs Gy Uby‗), hs ruffhfe lòbus` k`jm`sf‘t bpprmv` ma tk` wby tk` @.O. rufs tk` mrebfhzbthmf‚ fmt, amr hfstbfo`, wk`f (bfj tkhs, tmm, hs b cfha` tkrust btJ`trmht‘s _t``fkmv`f) ’0 g`gl`rs ma tk` 8-g`gl`r‗ @.O. br`

’armg tk` sbg` br`b bfj mf` gbf omftrmis tk`s` 0 vmt`s.‗ Fmr jm`s Nm` tkhfc ht rhekt tkbt ’tk` v`ry g`f ymu ruf bebhfst kbv`tm bpprmv` ymur fmghfbthmf.‗ K` ure`s b vmt` amr Lmeebf bfj

L`fj`r.Ar`j K`rlst, tkmuek k`

c``ps suee`sthfe v`rymf`

muekt fmt tm l` omglbthv`, whiiomg` bt Nm` amr khs Obgpbhef_tbt`g`ft omgg`fts, bfj Nm`

whii kht lboc bt Ar`j (ZZZ , Gby-Nuf`, 285<, <4). Hf khsObgpbhef _tbt`g`ft, Nm` ebv` tk` hgpr`sshmf k`‘j l``fbtt`fjhfe @.O. G``thfes rbtk`r rèuibriy amr tk` ibst 5 y`brs,

wkhok wbsf‘t tru`, tkmuek k`‘j biwbys l``f hft`r`st`j hf wkbtkbpp`f`j tk`r`. Nm` jm`sf‘t ihc` ht tkbt wk`f ht wbs jhsomv`r`j

sm gbfy p`mpi` w`r` ruffhfe amr mf` pbrthouibr maaho`, bfj bg`r` mf` mr twm amr bfmtk`r, tkms` hf tk` ibre`r ermup w`r`hfvht`j (hf smg` obs`s ure`j=) tm swhtok. Ar`j s``gs fmt tmufj`rstbfj Nm` wbs sp`bchfe ma Tr`shj`ft _t``fkmv`f bfj khs

amrg`r 0 @.O.-g`gl`rs J`trmht oihqu`._hfo` gmst @.O. g`gl`rs try tm stby hf maaho` mfo` tk`y e`t tk`r`, Nm` hs pbrthbiiy rhekt

hf sbyhfe tkbt ’tk` v`ry g`f ymu ruf bebhfst Smr hf`vhtbliy whii ruf bebhfstW kbv` tm bpprmv`ymur fmghfbthmf. K`rlst omrròtiy pmhfts mut tkbt ht‘s fò`ssbry amr mfiy tkr`` ma tk` fhf` @.O.

Ombok _okiàa

Ar`j K`rlst

Nm` _mcmimaa



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g`gl`rs tm bpprmv` (lut tk`s` tkr``‚smmf tm l` r`juo`j tm twm‚gby l` sulnòt tm abo`-tm-abo` hfthghjbthmf brmufj tk` @.O. Zbli`). Bfj ma omurs`, bs Ar`j pmhfts mut, ha tk` @.O. jm`sf‘tbpprmv` ma tk` mf` s``chfe maaho`, k` obf biwbys e`t up b p`ththmf. Zkhs hs b smr` pmhft whtkNm`, amr ibst y`br k` wbsf‘t bpprmv`j bfj kbj tm em tkrmuek tk` kbssi` ma e`tthfe‚wkbt Ar`jmfiy sbhj wbs ’b r`quhr`j fugl`r‗‚244 v`rhahbli` shefbtur`s. Nm` mlnòts tkbt ’b ermup ma

g`f e`t tme`tk`r bfj amr tk`hr mwf gutubi sìa-p`rp`tubthmf jòhj` wkm gby mr gby fmt rufbebhfst tk`g.‗Kmwbrj mv`rwkìghfeiy whfs iòthmf‚e`ts 14? vmt`s. Ma tk` mtk`r shx obfjhjbt`s,

f`xt l`st hs Kbrrhsmf‘s 2:5 bfj _mcmimaa‘s ;?.Zkr`` g`f br` ruffhfe amr \òmrjhfe _òr`tbry. ’Zk` P_ZZB,‗ tk` rbtk`r ihtti`-cfmwf

\bipk L`fj`r sbys, pr`s`fts b pbtt`rf tkbt ’skmws ihtti` prmghs` ma okbfe` hf tk` hgg`jhbtàutur`.‗ Trmli`g br`bs br`> ’ghfhgbi g`gl`rskhp, mv`rl`brhfe v`st`j hft`r`sts, g`bfhfei`ss

tmurfbg`fts, kbpkbzbrj rbfchfes, mv`rbii imw obihl`r piby, pmmr wmrij okbgphmfskhp skmwhfe(amr mlvhmus r`bsmfs) bfj kht bfj ghss g`gl`r bfj fmf-g`gl`r s`rvho`s.‗ Kmw lr`bc tk` pbtt`rf= Lmtk ’vmiuft``r bfj prma`sshmfbi sbibrh`j stbaa‗ br` j`sp`rbtìy f``j`j.

Imu Lmok`fsch sbys Zbli` Z`ffhs hs `ss`fthbiiy b pbrthohpbft spmrt fmt b spòtbtmr spmrt,

bfj shfo` ht obf l` piby`j bii tkrmuek mf`‘s iha` ht skmuij kbv` b ’tr`g`fjmus autur` hf tk`Pfht`j _tbt`s.‗ K` muekt tm cfmw‚mr kmp`‚amr, bs k` sbys, ’H kbv` prmgmt`j tbli` t`ffhs bii

gy iha`.‗ K`‘s ’stbrt`j s`v`rbi oiuls,‗ kbs l``f b i`beu` jhròtmr, omfjuot`j bfy fugl`r ma ombokhfe oihfhos, bfj kbs l``f b ’tmurfbg`ft jhròtmr mf omufti`ss moobshmfs.‗ K` bfj khsokhijr`f kbv` jmf` fug`rmus `xkhlhthmfs‚armg sokmmi bss`glih`s tm kbiathg` lbsc`tlbii`xkhlhthmfs. Hf khs kmg`tmwf ma @ue`f`, Mrèmf k`‘s wmrchfe kbrj tm gbc` tk` _pmrt babvmrht` ma stuj`fts bfj wbfts tm aurtk`r j`vìmp tk` rbthfe syst`g. U`r` k` mf tk` @.O., k`sbys, ’H omuij l`tt`r put gy hj`bs bfj tk` hj`bs ma mtk`rs hftm omfstruothv` bothmf.‗

Nmkf Ukht` mrebfhz`j wkbt k` tkhfcs gby l` tk` ahrst oiul hf tk` _mutk, hf 2805 hf Fbskvhii`, bfj amr ’tk` ibst <4 gmftks‗ kbs s`rv`j bs \èhmfbi Zmurfbg`ft Jhròtmr ma tk`_mutk`rf \èhmf. K` sbys k`‘s wìi qubihah`j tm tbc` tk` Ghfut`s bs \òmrjhfe _òr`tbry, amr

k`‘s ’prmahoh`ft hf skmrtkbfj bfj typ`wrhthfe.‗ K`‘ii wmrc amr Baahihbt`s.Lmok`fsch whfs ìòthmf, lut tk`r`‘s b ghstbc` hf Zmphos bfj H obf‘t tìi kmw gbfy

vmt`s `bok ma tk` obfjhjbt`s rò`hv`j.

H‘g kmijhfe maa tk` r`suits amr tk` Tr`shj`foy, amr H ahrst wbft tm suggbrhz` tk`r`gbhfhfe ìòthmf brthoi`s. Zk`s` whii bii j`bi whtk tk` Obrr-Lmeebf Tr`shj`foy.

Zmphos Bssmohbt` @jhtmr Jbv` Omx, b arh`fj ma Lmeebf‘s, trh`s tm wrht` bf mlnòthv`-ghfj`j @jhtmrhbi (ZZZ , Nbf.-A`l., 285<, 20) hf wkhok k` sbys tkbt hf tk` pbst tk` Bssmohbthmfkbsf‘t maa`r`j guok bsshstbfo` mr hfo`fthv` tm tmurfbg`ft spmfsmrs, baahihbt`j oiuls, mr tk` piby`rs tk`gsìv`s. Zkmuek tk` @.O. jm`s p`ramrg us aui aufothmfs‚’suok bs rbfchfe, t`bg

sìòthmf, rui`s, jhsohpihf` bfj tk` ihc`‗‚’ht hs nust tk`s` aufothmfs wkhok br` tk` `bsh`st tm p`ramrg rmuthfìy bfj r`quhr` tk` i`bst hgbehfbthmf bfj hfsphrbthmf.‗ Ma omurs` tk` @.O. ’g``ts

sm sìjmg bfj gmstiy ufj`r suok jhstrbothfe omfjhthmfs‗ tkbt ’ht hs sm guok `bsh`r tm vmt` mfrmuthf` gbtt`rs bfj jà`r tbchfe bfy bothmf mf bfytkhfe bt bii lmij bfj spòuibthv`.‗ Hf gmvhfetm khs @jhtmrhbi omfoiushmf Omx sbys>

’…_m, bs hf bfy ìòthmf, vmt`rs br` abo`j whtk b qu`sthmf ma prhmrhth`s, wkhokabr trbfso`fj wk`tk`r smg`mf` hs bli` tm jm twm nmls p`raòtiy (mr fmf` bt bii). Ht hsgmr` ma b qu`sthmf ma hfjhvhjubi pkhimsmpkh`s bt stbc`> tk` jhaa`r`fo` l`tw``f wbichfemf abghihbr uf`xohthfe bfj pr`jhotbli` ermufj‚mr bit`rfbthvìy piufehfe hftm tk`



<;2

ufcfmwf. Ht hs b qu`sthmf ma wkm kbs tk` blhihty tm wìj tk` pmw`raui bfj ibreìybutmfmgmus imobi mrebfhzbthmfs hftm b fbthmfbi ufht bfj s`t tk`g wmrchfe tmwbrjs smgòmggmf embis. B qu`sthmf ma wkm obf l`st ebhf amr tk` spmrt tk` ahfbfohbi lbochfe, tk`ròmefhthmf bfj pulihohty ht sm lbjiy f``js. B qu`sthmf ma wkm obf l`st ròmefhz` bfj botupmf tk` f``js bfj bsphrbthmfs ma mur gmst hgpmrtbft r`smuro`‚tk` nufhmrs….‗

Ar`j K`rlst, wkms` rìbthmfs whtk Lmeebf kbv` smur`j b lht‚khs Obihamrfhb ZZB @.O.,wkhok (ZZZ , Gbr.-Bpr., 285<, ;) tbc`s b cfmoc hf Zmphos ly b vhshtmr bt mf` ma tk`hr g``thfes),whii `fjmrs` Obrr. K`rlst ure`s (ZZZ , Nbf.-A`l., 285<, 2:) bii obfjhjbt`s bfj tk`hr suppmrt`rstm ommi ht. ’Ukbt`v`r hs wrmfe whtk tk` pbth`ft Stk` P_ZZBW, gmr` kmt bhr hs fmt tk` pr`sorhpthmf.‗ Ht‘s Ar`j‘s mphfhmf tkbt ’bii tk`s` bfeuhsk`j mutorh s `gbfbt` armg b a brauis`fs` ma arustrbthmf bs w` s`` tk` pulihohty bfj fmtmrh`ty S=W armg tk` Okhfb trhp `llhfe simwiy

bfj surìy.‗ Abo` ht, k` sbys. ’Fm @xòuthv` Omgghtt`` hs emhfe tm jm guok gmr` tkbf tk` pr`s`ft mf`. Zk` ourr`ft fhf` hfjhvhjubis br` bs emmj bs ymu whii ahfj, ehv` mr tbc` 24%.‗Ar`j‘s omfoiushmf hs tkhs>

’…Jm ymu r`biiy tkhfc b pbrt-thg` lmbrj obf trbfsamrg tbli` t`ffhs hftm bgbnmr spmrt= U`‘v` shef`j up ?4 oiuls hf tk` pbst tkr`` gmftks. Blmut b <0% hfor`bs`

hf oiul baahihbt`s! Ukbt whii kbpp`f tm tk`g= H obf gbc` b pr`jhothmf lbs`j mf pbstkhstmry wkhok ròmrjs tkbt <4% ma tk` oiuls abhi tm r`f`w baahihbthmf `v`ry y`br. Zkbt‘stk` ahrst stbthstho w` kbv` tm ìhghfbt`.

_mrry amics. Gushobi okbhrs mf tk` @.O. wmf‘t jm ht. Tr`shj`ft Lmeebf mr Tr`shj`ftObrr wmf‘t jm ht….Zk`r`‘s mfiy mf` wby‚tk` sbg` wby tkbt v`ry suoo`ssaui fmf-prmahtmrebfhzbthmf jm`s ht> b omglhfbthmf ma pbhj stbaa bfj vmiuft``rs….‗

Obrr, Lmeebf, bfj tk`hr suppmrt`rs jm fmt ommi ht, bfj hf ihekt ma tkbt H maa`r tkàmiimwhfe I`tt`r tm tk` @jhtmr, wkhok H‘j mrhehfbiiy rò`hv`j prhvbtìy, tk`f omftbot`j tk`

wrht`r tm e`t khs p`rghsshmf tm pulihsk ht (ZZZ , Gbr.-Bpr., 285<, 21). Uky jhj H wbft tm pulihsk ht= Lòbus` H tkmuekt ht b lbibfohfe pmhft-ma vh`w tkbt skmuij l` k`brj. H thti`j ht,’T`tty, Fht-Thochfe Umrj Qmii`y`rs‗>

’Zm tk` @jhtmr>Zkbfcs amr s`fjhfe

tk` lboc hssu`s ma Z.Z.Z. Hwbs surprhs`j tm s`` smguok ompy hf b pbp`r

j`vmt`j tm b spmrt H`xpòt`j wmuij fmt yhìj

`fmuek gbt`rhbi amr omv`rbe` fmr l` li`ss`j whtksm gbfy bjs.

Bs b imfe-thg` `jhtmr

bfj wrht`r, H kbv` smg`strmfe r`bothmfs tm bfjmphfhmfs blmut tk` omft`fts, lut b i`tt`r wmuijf‘t jm tm



<;<

`xpr`ss tk`g. \btk`r, ha w` `v`r e`t b okbfo` tm okbt….Nust mf` tkmuekt> Zk`r` hs smguok mij-gbhjhsk squbllihfe emhfe mf hf tkms` pbe`s! Zk` stmjey omfs`rvbthv`s, pbrthouibriy tk` hfor`jhliy lmmrhsk \uaamrj‚whtk tk`hr gpkbshs mf pbtrhmthsg,bpp`brbfo`s, `t bi jm ymur obus` gmr` kbrg tkbf bfy emmj tk`y ghekt boomgpihsk,shgpiy lòbus` tk`y ‛turf maa‘ ymufe bfj mij piby`rs wkm wmf‘t luy @stblihskg`ft

vbiu`s. Lut tk`f Zmphos jmuli`-abuits ly prhfthfe lboc-a`fo` omuft`r-bttbocs, bfj tk`r`suithfe a`ìhfe hs tkbt tk` g`f mv`rs``hfe P._. tbli` t`ffhs br` p`tty, fht-phochfe wmrjvmii`y`rs. Zkbt chfj ma btthtuj` obf‘t kìp, pbrthouibriy hf b spmrt tkbt‘s strueeihfe amr ahrst-oibss stbtus.

…H kmp` ymu‘ii c``p g` mf ymur omgpihg`ftbry ihst. Bfj emmj iuoc whtk lmtkZmphos bfj ymur ebg`. Bs b :2-y`br-mij ibtòmg`r tm tk` spmrt, H sygpbtkhz` whtk ymur ‛jr`bgs.‘

IMPH_ _BLHFBrthoi`s @jhtmr Lmys Iha`…‗

Obihamrfhbf Jmue _t`wbrt (ZZZ , Gbr.-Bpr., 285<, 24) omferbtuibt`j Nboc Obrr amr urehfe tkbt P_ZZB maaho`rs l` ìòt`j ’ly oiuls rbtk`r tkbf ly hfjhvhjubi P_ZZB g`gl`rs.

Zm gy ghfj,‗ k` sbys, ’tkhs hs mf` ma tk` gmst prmer`sshv` suee`sthmfs put amrwbrj mv`r tkìbst twm y`brs.‗ @v`f l`tt`r, Jmue sbys, ha w` omuij ’`fomurbe` tk` mrebfhzbthmf ma JhstrhotBaahihbt`s Sma wkhok tk`r` br` fmw :W…bfj i`t tk`s` l` tk` ìòthfe lmjh`s Swhtk, bs Jmue sbys’vmthfe pmw`r hf prmpmrthmf tm tk` fugl`r ma P_ZZB g`gl`rs r`shjhfe whtkhf tk`hr lmufjbrh`s‗W. Tr`s`ftiy tk`r`‘s fm wby ’mur @xòuthv` Omgghtt`` obf l` sbhj tm l` jhròtiyr`spmfshli tm tk` hfjhvhjubi g`gl`rs.‗ Jmue tkhfcs tkbt, tkmuek gbfy bf hfjhvhjubi xpr`ss`s

b emmj hj`b hf Zmphos, khs/k`r vmho` hsf‘t k`brj ly tk` @.O., lut tkbt ha k` (sk`) w`r` tm sulghtkhs hj`b ’tkrmuek khs oiul bfj Jhstrhot Baahihbt`, tk`f tk` @.O. wmuij kbv` tm tbc` ht s`rhmusiy.‗

Fm mf` mf tk` @.O., hfoiujhfe Obrr, whii phoc up mf b emmj

hj`b put amrwbrj hf prhft ly b P_ZZB g`gl`r= Hs suok b g`gl`r,bs Jmue sbys, ’b vmho` hf tk` whij`rf`ss‗= Zk` hfjhvhjubi skmuijf‘tkbv` khs hfjhvhjubi vmt` omuft, lut khs hfjhvhjubi vmho` skmuij l`

k`brj‚mfiy, e``, fm mf` pbys bfy btt`fthmf tm khg, xo`pt tk`Zmphos @jhtmr bfj, ibt`r, tk` Khstmrhbf=

B a`w w``cs làmr` tk` 2852 P_MZO‘s, H‘j bsc`j _bfJhèm‘s Nmkf Kmrfhfe wky khs Oiul wbsf‘t b g`gl`r ma tkÒZZB. K`r`‘s khs bfsw`r>

’Boomrjhfe tm tk` P_ZZB rui`s, tk` _JZZB, l`hfe hf bspòhah`j e`merbpkhobi br`b omv`r`j ly tk` OZZB, hs

butmgbthobiiy baahihbt`j whtk ht. Zk` rui`s bism stbt`, kmw`v`r,tkbt bok baahihbt`j oiul gust l` r`pr`s`ft`j mf tkòmgghtt``‚w` br` fmt fmr kbv` w` `v`r l``f. U` jm fmtvmho` bf mphfhmf hf tk`hr baabhrs fmr jm tk`y r`quhr` us tm blhj`

ly tk`hr rui`s. Mur oiul hs gbhfiy omgpms j ma r or`bthmf (bsmppms`j tm tmurfbg`ft) piby`rs wkm f`v`r piby hf tmurfbg`ftsmutshj` ma _bf Jhèm. U` a`ì ht wmuij l` ufabhr tm sulnòttk`g tm tbxbthmf ly tk` OZZB shfo` gmst ma tkbt

Nmkf KmrfhfeTkmtm ly Jmf Euff



<;?

mrebfhzbthmf‘s bothvhth`s br` kìj hf tk` Ims Bfeì`s br`b. Zk` _bftb Lbrlbrb oiul aìt tk` sbg`wby wk`f tk`y ràus`j tm r`quhr` OZZB tmurfbg`ft obrjs ma pbrthohpbfts hf tk`hr tmurfbg`ftkìj ibst sugg`r. Zk` OZZB g``thfes br` kìj mf U`jf`sjby fhekts hf Kmiiywmmj. Ht hs khekiyhgprbothobi amr b r`pr`s`ftbthv` armg mur oiul tm gbc` tk` twm bfj mf` kbia kmur jrhv` mf bw``c fhekt tm btt`fj tk` g``thfes.‗

Kmrfhfe sbhj k`‘s wmrchfe mf b prmpmsbi tm tk` OZZB tkbt whii l` ’gmr` abhr tmbaahihbt`j oiuls fmt imobt`j f`br tk` o`ft`r ma tk` jhstrhot.‗

Mf` Zmphos I`tt`r wrht`r sbys, ’Hf gy mphfhmf, tk` bv`rbe` piby`r wmf‘t `v`f jrhv`bormss tmwf tm piby hf b tmurfbg`ft, i`t bimf` jrhv` s`v`rbi kufjr`j ghi`s (gmr` mr i`ss) tm jmtk` sbg`.‗ X`t tkhs wrht`r wbfts ’Fbthmfbi suppmrt amr mur imobi oiuls,‗ sbys w` f``j’ommrjhfbthmf ma purpms` bfj prmerbg.‗ Lmeebf, whtk khs Zmphos amr tk` G`gl`rskhp, bfj

Kmwbrj whtk khs \bthfe _yst`g amr tk` G`gl`rskhp, wmuij ber`` tkbt tk`y‘r` purpmsàuiiyehvhfe tk` tmurfbg`ft piby`rs smg`tkhfe amr tk`hr gmf`y. Uky wmuij b fmf-tmurfbg`ft oiul piby`r wbft tm nmhf tk` P_ZZB=

Xvmff` Crmfibe` bfj Lml Cbghfscy, Tr`shj`ft b-fj Zr`bsur`r, r`spòthvìy, ma tk` 1-

tbli` F`w Obrrmiitmf. GJ Oiul (’g`gl`rskhp ma blmut b kufjr`j‗), tìi us hf b amur-pbe`’Khstmry ma Zbli` Z ffhs hf tk` Ubskhfetmf Br`b‗ wky tk`y hfshst tkbt bii Oiul g`gl`rs l`

P_ZZB g`gl`rs bs wìi>

’…U` a`ì v`ry strmfeiy tkbt j`p`fjhfe upmf tk` stbt` ma suppiy-bfj- j`gbfjma bvbhibli` oiul spbo`, `v`ry tbli` t`ffhs piby`r gust ahfbfohbiiy suppmrt tk` P_ZZBufthi tk` thg` wk`f tkhs mrebfhzbthmf whii l` bli` tm j`rhv` tk` r`quhr`j aufjs armgmtk`r smuro`s. SZkbt gby l` b imfe suppmrt thg`.W Bism, w` a`ì tkbt qubfthty hf tk`

P_ZZB g`gl`rskhp hs hgpmrtbft bs bf hfjhobtmr (tm `quhpg`ft gbfuabotur`rs,ahfbfohbi jmfmrs, tmurfbg`ft spmfsmrs, bjv`rths`rs, bfj mtk`r ahfbfohbi smuro`s) ma hft`r`st hf mrebfhz`j spmrt bfj pmw`r tkbt tk` P_ZZB r`pr`s`fts. Aurtk`rgmr`, ly

amrohfe smg` ma tk`s` p`mpi` tm l` P_ZZB g`gl`rs, mf` `xt`fjs hfvmiuftbrhiy tk`hr kmrhzmfs ma cfmwi`je` ma Zbli` Z`ffhs.

Bjjhthmfbiiy, w` a`ì tkbt mfo` tk`s` p`mpi` br` P_ZZB g`gl`rs, tk`y wmuij

gmr` ihcìy pbrthohpbt` hf tmurfbg`fts hf mrj`r tmj`rhv` bs guok b l`fàht armg tk`hr g`gl`rskhp bs pmsshli`….Zk` ibre` pbrthohpbthmf hf tmurfbg`fts hsahfbfohbiiy bfj prmgmthmfbiiy emmj amr tk` wìabr` ma tk` oiul, P_ZZB, bfj tbli` t`ffhs hf e`f`rbi. _m abr,v`ry a`w, ha bfy, p`mpi` kbv` qu`sthmf`j mr w`r`

ufkbppy blmut tkhs r`quhr`g`ft. U` jmf‘t cfmw kmwtk` hfor`bs` tm $24.44 bffubi g`gl`rskhp a`` wmuij

hfaiu`fo` mur g`gl`rskhp….SBit`rfbthv` g`tkmjs ma pbyg`ft ghekt l` omfshj`r`j.W

U` lìh`v` tkbt SbW amro`j g`gl`rskhpr`quhr`g`ft skmuij l` hftrmjuo`j tm bii baahihbt`j

oiuls….

_hfo` Obrr hs b pbrthsbf ma tk` Oiuls, amrg`r P_ZZBTr`shj`ft Jhoc Aù`rst`hf, bs imfethg` Okbhr ma tk` Baahihbt`s

Jhoc Aù`rst`hf



<;:

Omgghtt``, s`ft mut b pr`-ìòthmf A`l. 24, 285< I`tt`r tm bii tk` P_ZZB baahihbt`s (214 bt tkhsthg`). Hf ht, k` bscs wkbt jm`s ymur oiul tkhfc ’blmut tk` P_ZZB tbchfe bwby tk` us` ma oiulobrjs amr Mf` _tbr `v`fts‗= Bfj wkbt jm`s ymur oiul tkhfc blmut ’r`turfhfe tm tk` us` ma tk` pibyhfe p`rght‗= Oi`briy, k` sbys, tk` P_ZZB hs mut ma st`p whtk mtk`r fbthmfbi mrebfhzbthmfs.Zkhs hs bppbr`ft‚hf tk` P_ZZB‘s @.O. kbvhfe ’omgpi`t` omftrmi‗3 hf tk` ’ìòthmf ma maaho`rs

ly hfjhvhjubi g`gl`rs hfst`bj ma ly tk` imobi ermups‗3 bfj hf tk` hfjhvhjubi oiuls ’…SfmtWrò`hvhfe b pmrthmf ma tk` gmf`y amr ju`s mr kbvhfe b vmho` hf jòhshmfs mf b fbthmfbi i`vì.‗Aù`rst`hf ure`s tkbt Baahihbt` g`gl`rs vmt` amr Nboc Obrr, amr \uaamrj Kbrrhsmf, bfj

Oyrhi I`j`rgbf. K` sbys, ’H a`ì tkbt mur mrebfhzbthmf wmuij l` hf b v`ry lbj shtubthmf ha khsSObrr‘sW mppmf`ft Zhg Lmeebf wmuij whf tk` ìòthmf. Armg Zhg Lmeebf‘s brthoi`s hf Zmphosht hs quht` bppbr`ft tkbt k` kbs fm omfshj`rbthmf amr tk` baahihbt`j oiuls, mr amr tk` kbrj-wmrchfeoiul maaho`rs. Khs imybity s``gs tm l` mfiy amr tk` tmp piby`rs.‗

Jhoc sbys k` tkhfcs k` kbj ’b smg`wkbt suoo`ssaui S?-y`brW t`rg ma maaho` bs Tr`shj`ft.‗Zkhs, k` sbys, ’wbs er`btiy ju` tm Nboc Obrr‘s bsshstbfo`, khs e`tthfe mur rui`s hf mrj`r, khs hfshsthfetkbt mur g``thfes l` omfjuot`j prmp`riy, khs r`ghfjhfe g` ma tkhfes tm l` jmf` mf thg`, bfj khshfshsthfe tkbt bii @xòuthv` Omgghtt`` g`gl`rs l` bothv`.‗ \`bj`rs ma Qmi. HQ obf nuje` amr

tk`gsìv`s tk` aaòthv`f`ss ma tk` @.O. jurhfe tk`s` 2810-1; y`brs Aù`rst`hf sp`bcs ma.Jhoc bpp`fjs b 2<-pmhft X`s mr Fm qu`sthmffbhr` amr Baahihbt` g`gl`rs tm ahii mut.

Gmst ma tk` qu`sthmfs kbv` mlvhmus bfsw`rs. Amr `xbgpi`, k`r`‘s b X`s, y`s= ’Umuij ymur oiul ihc` tm kbv` b P_ZZB O`rthah`j Ombok vhsht ymur oiul=‗ Bfj k`r`‘s b Fm, fm= ’Jm`s ymur oiul ihc` tk` sibfj`rmus r`gbrcs l`hfe gbj` hf Zmphos ly Lmeebf=‗ Kmw`v`r, smg` qu`sthmfsghekt prmgpt bfsw`rs ufbfthohpbt`j ly tk` qu`sthmf`r‚ihc`, ’Ha tk` baahihbt`j oiuls w`r` tmrò`hv` b p`ro`ftbe` ma tk` P_ZZB g`gl`rskhp gmf`y, wmuij ymur oiul gbc` àamrts tm kbv`ymur oiul g`gl`rs lòmg` auii P_ZZB g`gl`rs=‗ Mr, ’Jm`s ymur oiul ihc` tk` orhthohsgs hf

Zmphos=‗Zk` maaho`rs ma tk` Imfe Hsibfj baahihbt` blmut tm ruf tk` Fbthmfbi‘s, hf bf brthoi` ly

IHZZB Tr`shj`ft Jbv` Omx (ZZZ , Gbrok-Bprhi, 285<, 22), tbc` ’v`ry strmfe `xo`pthmf tm tk`

us` ma maahohbi omgghtt`` omggufhobthmf amr pmihthobi purpms`s.‗ Gmr`mv`r, tk`y jhsber`` whtkAù`rst`hf, sby tkbt ’tkhs hs nust tk` thg` w` f``j b jyfbgho p`rsmfbihty mf tk` so`f`.‗ (Obrr sbys k` kbs ’kyp`rtrmpho brtkrhths‗ bfj khs wha` ’hs bf hfvbihj whtk guithpi` soi`rmshs,‗ sm ma

omurs` k` obf‘t btt`fj gbfy tmurfbg`fts.) Zk` IHZZB `fjmrs`s Lmeebf lòbus`>

’…U` f``j smg`mf` wkm obf omggufhobt` whtk tk` tmp piby`rs, amr ha w` jmfmt kbv` suok b gbf, tk` P_ZZB whii surìy l` abo`j whtk tk` sbg` smrt ma prmer`sstkbt kbs spiht ibwf t`ffhs. U` f``j smg`mf` wkm ròmefhz`s tk` f``j tm ehv` tk` nufhmrs guok gmr` ma bf hfo`fthv`. Bfj w` f``j smg`mf` wkm obf sìi tk` spmrt tm tk`

puliho, tk` pr`ss, bfj tm spmfsmrs. Zk`r` hs fm `vhj`fo` tkbt bfy ma tkhs hs Gr. Obrr‘s lbe.

…Gr. Obrr‘s prmpms`j okbfe` tm oiul rbtk`r tkbf hfjhvhjubi rui` whii shgpiykbv` tk` àaòt ma pr`s`rvhfe tk` stbtus qum, bfj w` guok prà`r tk` pr`s`ft mf` gbf-mf` vmt` syst`g‗

Gmrt bcbrhf, mf` ma tk` s`v`f shef`rs ma tk` Omx brthoi`, xpibhf`j hf bf bjnbo`ft brthoi` ma khs mwf tkbt ’làmr` mf` obf ruf amr Tr`shj`ft ma tk` P._.Z.Z.B. mf` gust ahrst kbv` l``f b g`gl`r ma tk` @xòuthv` Omgghtt``.‗ _m, ha mf` wbs strmfeiy mppms`j tm Obrr bs Tr`shj`ft, wkm omuij rufbebhfst khg, wkbt wbs tk` mfiy bit`rfbthv`= Lmeebf omgghtt`j tm ht. Khs str`fetks br >



<;0

’…Bs b tmp piby`r, kùfj`rstbfjs tk` prmli`gs, f``js, bfjj`shr`s tkbt em hftm gbchfe b okbgphmf.

Bs b abtk`r ma twm lujjhfeokbgphmfs k` cfmws bfj ahekts amr tk`

f``js ma mur nufhmrs. Lòbus` ma khsàamrts hf tkhs br`b, tk`r` br` gmr` bfjgmr` nufhmr rmufj rmlhfs….SImfeHsibfj Nufhmr Obri Jbff`r wbs bfbppròhbthv` bfj suppmrthv` ZmphosI`tt`r wrht`r.W

Zhg kbs trbvì`j mv`r gmst ma

mur omuftry pbrthohpbthfe hftmurfbg`fts, ehvhfe `xkhlhthmfs,iòturhfe, bfj jmhfe b tr`g`fjmus nmlbs emmjwhii bglbssbjmr amr tbli` t`ffhs.

K` kbs bism jmf` gbfy ZQ hft`rvh`ws. Zkmuek k`‘s amr tk` B.L.O. tmurfbg`ft piby`rs,k` cfmws tkbt ’tm gbc` tbli` t`ffhs b vhbli` bfj `xohthfe spmrt amr tk` puliho tk`

omfo`ftrbthmf gust l` mf tk` okbgps bfj tk` autur` okbgps.‗

Zwm ma Nboc Obrr‘s arh`fjs, Lrmmc` (Uhiihbgs) J`vmr` _ghtkbfj Gbrhbff` _zbiby, fbturbiiy omg` tm khs jà`fs`. K`r`‘s Lrmmc`(ZZZ , Gbrok-Bprhi, 285<, 25)>

’Zm tk` @jhtmr>\`bj`rs `xpòt b nmurfbi tm l` smg`wkbt t`fj`fthmus,

`spòhbiiy bt iòthmf thg`3 ma omurs` hf bf mp`f smoh`ty tk`y br`

suppms`jiy ar`` tm prmt`st b pbp`r‘s pmihoy ly sulsorhlhfe tm mf` ma hts omgp`thtmrs.

Lut tk`y br` fmt ar`` tm jm sm wk`f tk` pbp`r hs tk` smi`

nmurfbi ma b fbthmfbi spmrt bssmohbthmf. Uk`f Zmphos btt`gpts tmomftrmi b tbli` t`ffhs ìòthmf ly j`so`fjhfe tm tk` pbitry tbothos ma prmpbebfjhsts, hts obpthv` sulsorhl`rs stmp tbichfe blmut ar``jmg ma tk` pr`ss bfj stbrt tbichfe blmut r`spmfshli` nmurfbihsg.‗

Gbrhbff` sbys hf b I`tt`r Zm Gr. Zhg Lmeebf (ZZZ , Gbrok-

Bprhi, 285<, <?) tkbt tk` lbsho qu`sthmf sk` biwbys k`brs hs, ’Nust wkbt jm`s tk` P_ZZB r`biiyjm amr hts Oiuls bfj hts G`gl`rs= Ehv` tk` Zmphos= Zk`y omuij luy ht mf b f`wsstbfj. Jm ymu

s`fj bfy tmp piby`rs tm tk`hr sbfothmf`j tmurfbg`fts= Jm ymu kìp tk`g hf v`ry pmsshli`wby= Jm ymu `fomurbe` tk`g whtk iht`rbtur`…=…Jm tk`y a`ì ymu obr`=‗ _k` bism sbys, ’Hjmf‘t tkhfc ha ymu SZhgW lòbg` Tr`shj`ft ymu sthii omuij c``p up whtk Zmphos, bfj Zmphos bttk` pr`s`ft thg` hs mur gmst hgpmrtbft omggufhobthmf whtk tk` ‛mutshj` wmrij.‘ SMutshj`rs

r`bj Zmphos=W Gbrhbff` bocfmwi`je`s sk`‘ii vmt` amr g` bs ’tk` @jhtmr ma Zmphos bfj Qho`Tr`shj`ft, bfj amr Nboc Obrr amr Tr`shj`ft ma tk` P_ZZB.‗ _k` sbys, ’Nboc Obrr biwbys tbicskhekiy blmut ymu bfj ymur er`bt nml whtk tk` Zmphos,‗ bfj sm sk` whsk`s w` omuij wmrc tme`tk`r.

Zhg mf tk` iòtur` ohrouht

Lrmmc` (Uhiihbgs)

J`vmr` _ghtk



<;1

H hgg`jhbtìy bfsw`r`j k`r I`tt`r whtk bf Mp`f \`piy Zm Gs. Gbrhbff` _zbiby>

’J`br Gbrhbff`>Bshj` armg tk` abot (ahrst) tkbt Nboc Obrr gmst bssur`jiy jm`s fmt biwbys tbic

khekiy blmut g`‚bt i`bst tm bfy fugl`r ma mtk`rs**‚bfj (sòmfj) tkbt ymu s``g tm

`qubt` (whtk tkbt ufokbfehfe prmfmuf) nust g` whtk tk` P_ZZB‚rbtk`r tkbf tk` ;mtk`r @O g`gl`rs, tmm, hfoiujhfe ma omurs` Gr. Obrr wkm kbs l``f `ftr`fok`j tk`ràmr ; imfe y`brs, H ber`` whtk wkbt ymu sby.

H g`bf, r`biiy, jmf‘t ymu tkhfc H ròmefhz` tk` vbiu` tm tk` P_ZZB ma oiulswk`r` p`mpi` piby s`rhmusiy= Jmf‘t ymu tkhfc tk` tmp piby`rs bfj nufhmrs a`ì H obr`blmut tk`g=

Jmf‘t ymu ufj`rstbfj, li`ss ymu= Ukbt kbs tk` P_ZZB jmf` amr hts oiuls, hts

g`gl`rs (l`shj`s ehvhfe tk`g gy Zmphos ‚wkhok, fm, Gbrhbff`, ymu nust obf‘t em mutbfj luy bt bfy f`wsstbfj)= Ht‘s mlvhmusiy tk` v`ry qu`sthmf H‘v` l``f bschfe. Ht‘s tk`r`bsmf H‘g ruffhfe, rhekt= Bfj fmt amr Qho`-Tr`shj`ft‚b vmt` amr g` tk`r` wmuijoi`briy l` wbst`j. H‘g ruffhfe amr Tr`shj`ft lòbus` w` sm j`sp`rbtìy f``j b okbfe`.

SZhg‘s ruffhfe lòbus` k`‘s amous`j mf wkbt tk` P_ZZB f``js tm jm amr oiuls= _urìytkbt f``js gmjhahobthmf. Zhg o`rtbhfiy jm`sf‘t amous mf tk` obsubi oiul piby`r, tk` mf`s

wkm amr sm imfe pbhj b $.<0 g`gl`rskhp a``. K`‘s hft`r`st`j hf luhijhfe uptmurfbg`ft-o ft`r`j oiuls wk`r` tk` l`st piby`rs bfj ombok`s obf hfaiu`fo` Nufhmrs.W‗

\uaamrj Kbrrhsmf (ZZZ, Gbrok-Bprhi, 8) phocs up mf Lmeebf‘s Obgpbhef _tbt`g`ftomgg`ft tkbt tk` P_ZZB hs fmt mrebfhz`j amr tk` obsubi oiul piby`r lut amr tk` tmurfbg`ft piby`r. ’Oiul piby`rs br`f‘t fò`ssbrhiy obsubi,‗ sbys \uaamrj. Zk`y ihc` tm piby hf i`beu`s‚

bfj tkms` i`beu`s ’wmuij prmvhj` hfomg`, bfj b imt ma ht, amr tk` P_ZZB. K` sbys w`skmuijf‘t hefmr` tk` gbss`s ’armg wkmg mur autur` fbthmfbi t`bgs whii omg`.‗ SKuk= Ukbt Fbthmfbi Z`bg g`gl`r wbs tk`r `v`r wkm jhjf‘t kmf`

khs/k`r ebg` hf tmurfbg`fts=WJbv` Omx, hf b omgpbfhmf phò`, sbys tkbt ’tk`

sbfothmf`j tmurfbg`ft hs bt pr`s`ft bfj whii l` amr tk`

hgg`jhbt` autur` tk` gbhf smuro` ma g`gl`rskhp bfjr`v`fu` amr tk` P_ZZB. Zm l` p`raòtiy arbfc, tkòbsubi oiul piby`r jm`sf‘t ehv` b kmmt amr tk` P_ZZB.‗Omx sbys, ha (bat`r bii tk`hr y`brs hf maaho`) \uaamrj bfjNboc kbv`f‘t okbfe`j tk` obsubi oiul piby`r‘s btthtuj`,mf` obf kbrjiy libg` Zhg amr fmt wbfthfe tm amous khs

btt`fthmf tm tkbt `fj. _thii, Jbv` jm`s sp`bc ma kmw Zhgvhsht`j whtk tk` Kufthfetmf Oiul maaho`rs bfj kmw

suee`sthmfs w`r` gbj` tm khg blmut kmw oiuls ghekt l`stbrt`j ’ly brrbfehfe amr imbfs whtk mf` ma tk` tbli` t`ffhsgbfuabotur`rs,‗ mr kmw oiuls wmuij vbiu` hft`r-oiul piby.

Amrg`r P._. Umrij Z`bg Obptbhf Nmkf \`bj (ZZZ ,

Gbrok-Bprhi, 285<, 2<) wrht`s ma ’bf hgpmsshli` jr`bg,‗bfj sbys tkbt Lmeebf ’kbs tk` vhshmf, tk` hj`bihsg, bfj tk`fò`ssbry z`bi‗ tm gbc` ht omg` tru`. Nmkf fmt`s tkbt k`jm`sf‘t ròmefhz` tk` fbg`s ma kbia tk` gbfy wrht`rs tkbt

Nmkf \`bjTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



<;5

omftrhlut` tm Zmphos, bfj tkbt tkhs shef ma vhtbihty hs wkbt tk` Bssmohbthmf f``js. Lmeebf, k` sbys, ’hsrbsk, hgpbth`ft, bfj bt thg`s mv`r-`gmthmfbi Ssmg`thg`s hggbtur`, ymu ghekt sbyW,‗ lut k` hs rhekthf sbyhfe tkbt ’tk` iha` limmj ma mur Bssmohbthmf hs tk` tmurfbg`ft piby`r.‗

Obrr whii ibt`r sby tkbt \`bj‘s ’`xoìi`ft‗brthoi` mf Lmeebf hs ’kmewbsk‗‚tkbt ’\`bjsuppmrts Lmeebf lòbus` Nmkf bism wbfts tm l` hj`fthah`j whtk tk` tmp piby`rs, fmt lòbus` Nmkf

wbfts mr prma`ss`s okbfe`.‗ Nboc bism tbc`s b jmuli` jhe bt Nmkf, sbyhfe tkbt gbyl` Nmkf‘s Zmphosorhthos br` rhekt‚tkbt hs, k` biiuj`s tm Obri Jbff`r‘s omgpibhft tkbt \bfchfe Okbhr \`bj‘s fmt jmhfekhs nml, amr ibst s`bsmf‘s \bfchfes sthii br`f‘t mut, bfj tm Jhoc Ghi`s‘s liuft suee`sthmf tkbt Nmkf, smimfe bothv` hf tk` P_ZZB hf vbrhmus wbys, muekt tm r`shef armg tk` @. O. lòbus` tk` Bssmohbthmff``js tm i`t smg` ’oi`bf bhr‗ hftm hts stbefbft G``thfe rmmgs. Zkmuek \`bj hs hfvbrhbliy ibt` whtktk` \bfchfes, Nboc Kmwbrj blsmiv`s khg hf tkhs obs` ly sbyhfe, ’Zk` rbfchfe omgghtt`` jhj fmtkbv` tk` omgpi`t` 54/52 r`suits…lòbus` w` (tk` rbthfes omgghtt``) r`quhr`j tk` r`suits amr

prmo`sshfe‗‚mur aamrts kbvhfe l``f ’sfbee`j ly @.O. siueehskf ss.‗ Obrr ibt r qu`sthmf`j wky bompy ma tk` r`suits wbsf‘t gbj`, sm bok omgghtt`` omuij kbv` tk`g.

Bs amr Lmeebf, omuij wkbt k` sbys l` kmewbsk, omuij k` l` boous`j ma l`hfehfshfo`r`= Omx o`rtbhfiy jm`sf‘t tkhfc sm (ZZZ , Nbf.-A`l., 285<, ?<). ’@gmthmfbi, stullmrf,

hfjàbthebli`, hrbsohli`, imybi, pbsshmfbt`, gbyl`‚lut hfshfo`r`, f`v`r.‗ Bfj ha Zhg‘s skbrpiyorhthobi bt thg`s, k`‘s bism ’obpbli` ma obrhfe `fmuek tm moobshmfbiiy e`t gmr` `gmthmfbiiy

hfvmiv`j tkbf k` skmuij.‗_mi _okhaa (ZZZ , Gbrok-Bprhi, 285<, 22) pmhfts mut tkbt w`

f``j bs mur Tr`shj`ft b gbf ’strmfe `fmuek tm omftrmi tk`@xòuthv` Omgghtt``.‗ Zk` ’puliho mr prhvbt` stbt`g`fts lykhs SLmeebf‘sW j`trbotmrs tkbt k` kbs xkhlht`j tmm guok`gmthmf, st`gghfe armg mf` mr twm hsmibt`j obs`s Swìi,

gbyl` gmr`W, g`bfs blsmiutìy fmtkhfe. Hf abot, ht‘s abr l`tt`r amr b p`rsmf tm kbv` tkbt guok hft`r`st hf tbli` t`ffhs bfj tm`xkhlht khs imv` amr tk` ebg`‚ht skmws b pius tm khs okbrbot`r

fmt b ghfus.‗ Qmt amr Lmeebf.\èbrjhfe tkhs qu`sthmf ma `gmthmf, H rà`r r`bj`rs lboc

tm gy Hftrmjuothmf hf wkhok H pmsht twm I`tt`rs tm tk`

@jhtmr tkbt br` quht` bprmpms k`r`.M.C., `fmuek‚mr bigmst `fmuek. Zkhs hs tk` gmst

tbic`j blmut, wrhtt`f blmut ìòthmf hf tk` f`br :4-y`br khstmry ma tk` P_ZZB. Bs v`ry sulnòthvìy hfvmiv`jKhstmrhbf H‘v` trh`j bs mlnòthvìy bs H obf tm gbc``v`rymf`‘s pmshthmf oi`br tm ymu.

Hf tk` pr`-ìòthmf hssu` ma Zmphos (Gbrok-Bprhi, 285<,<5), tk` Lmeebf/Kmwbrj tmp-piby`r pbrthsbfs tmmc mut b auii-

pbe` bj bhg`j ’tm r`thr` tk` mij eubrj wkm amr sm gbfy y`brskbv` l``f strbfeihfe tk` spmrt.‗ Zk` k`brt ma tk`hr stbt`g`ft r`bj>

’…U` br` thr`j ma tk`hr Stk` mij eubrj‘sW p`tty btthtuj`s. U` br` thr`j ma tk`hr

sìa-p`rp`tubthfe rui`s wkhok c``p emmj g`f mut bfj pmmr g`f hf. Gmst ma bii, w` br`thr`j ma tk`hr iboc ma boomgpihskg`ft.

U` f``j b r`bi @xòuthv` Omgghtt``. B f`w typ`. U` f``j g`f bfj wmg`f ma hgbehfbthmf. U` f``j p`mpi` ma BOZHMF….‗

_mi _okhaa Tkmtm ly Lml Er``f



<;;

Zkhs bj wbs shef`j ly> Zhg Lmeebf, E`mre` Lrbtkwbht`, L`rfh` Luch`t, TbttyGbrthf`z Obsk, Ei`ff Omwbf, Lml Eushcmaa, U`fjy Khocs, Nboc Kmwbrj, Jbi-Nmmf I``, Jhoc Ghi`s, T`t`r Trbjht, Gbrty \`hsgbf, @rrmi \`s`c, Aubrfbjm \ml`rts, _mi _okhaa, Omffh`_w``rhs, Jìi _w``rhs, bfj Nmkf Zbff`khii.

Zk` r`suit ma tk` Tr`shj`fthbi ìòthmf= Lmeebf 55? vmt`s‚Obrr <1: vmt`s.

_@I@OZ@J FMZ@_.*Hf smg` g`bsur`, bii tk` obfjhjbt`s br` kìphfe tk`gsìv`s. Zkhs hs bf hfjhròt sibp bt

Lmeebf (uffbg`j ly Nboc) wkm, bs H `xpibhf`j hf Qmi. Q, kbj khs wby pbhj tm tk Fbemyb Umrij‘shf r`turf amr> gmf`y sbv`j ly omglhfhfe twm hssu`s ma Zmphos, bothfe bs P_ZZB Jìèbt tm tk`HZZA Lh`ffhbi E`f`rbi G``thfe, bfj wrhthfe b i`fetky brthoi` mf tk` tmurfbg`ft. Bt ahrst, hf bA`l.24, 2852 i`tt`r tm Zhg, Nboc sbhj, ’Uìi, H nust obf‘t lìh`v` tkbt ymu wmuij bsc tkhs. Cfmwhfe

kmw ufsìahsk ymu br`, mlvhmusiy H ghsufj`rstmmj ymu omgpi`tìy.‗Zk`f, b w``c ibt`r hf b i`tt`r tm Erbkbg _t``fkmv`f, Nboc wrht`s>

’U` kbv` lmtk tk` l`st Zmphos bfj l`st `jhtmr w` kbv` `v`r kbj. K` wbfts tm

sbv` us smg` gmf`y bfj e`t smg`tkhfe amr khgsìa bism. Xmu obf‘t r`biiy qu`sthmf tkbt._m…pmsshliy H‘ii omfshj`r okbfehfe gy vmt`….Zk` gmr` H tkhfc blmut ht tk` gmr` H

ihc` tk` hj`b. X`t H obf‘t kìp lut tkhfc blmut tk` omfs`qu`fo`s hf smg` ohroi`s Skmw piby`rs bfj ’fbthmfbi i`vì‗ maahohbis whii r`bot tm tkhsW.‗

Zk`f, b gmftk ibt`r hf b i`tt`r tm I`bk Fùl`re`r, Nboc wrht`s>

’Uìi, ha ymu kbv`f‘t k`brj, Zhg Lmeebf hs l`hfe ehv`f $504 tm btt`fj tk`

Umrij‘s. Hsf‘t tkhs er`bt! Jmf‘t ehv` tk` piby`rs bfytkhfe, y`t ehv` tk` Zmphos `jhtmr bar`` tkr`` w``c vbobthmf hf Nbpbf. Zkhs wbs b gbhi vmt`, bfj H jmult ha ymu‘ii `v`r s``bfytkhfe hf Zmphos blmut ht. Qmthfe amr> K`rlst, I`j`rgbf, bfj LMEEBF3 bebhfst>

Gu`ki`fl`hf, Bfj`rsmf bfj Obrr3 blstbhfhfe> \`bj bfj Lul`f. Zm lr`bc tk` thÈrbkbg vmt`j AM\, km, kug. Ha tk` piby`rs w`r` bfery làmr`, H obf nust hgbehf` kmwtk`y a`ì blmut ht fmw….‗

**Fbív` Gbrhbff` skmuij kbv` s``f tk` Fmv. 28, 2852 i`tt`r Nboc s`ft g`. K` wbft`jg` tm ehv` lboc tk` $504 amr gy thoc`t tm tk` Umrij‘s‚sbhj tkbt H jhjf‘t p`ramrg gy juth`s bsjìèbt` omfsoh`fthmusiy, bfj tkbt, ma bii tk` brthoi`s H‘v` wrhtt`f, gy Umrij‘s brthoi` wbs ’tk` pmmr`st‗ H‘v` `v`r jmf`. K` sbhj mtk`r tkhfes tkbt skmw`j khs hefmrbfo` bfj kypmorhsy‚bfjma omurs` tk` t`rrhli` kurt k` aìt>

’…T`rkbps H wmf‘t whf tk` amrtkomghfe pmpuibrhty omft`st, shfo` H prà`r

àahoh`foy, tbchfe bf kmf`st stbfj, bfj omftrhluthfe A\@@IX tm tk` P_ZZB bfj tbli`t`ffhs.

T`rkbps ymu tkhfc ymu obf e`t gmr` gmf`y amr ymur iòtur` tmurs ha ymu br` bTr`shj`fthbi obfjhjbt , bfj a`ì tkhs whii kìp ymu whtk ymur omiiè` pmshthmf.

X`t, H a`ì tkbt ha ymu br` ìòt`j, ymu whii gbc` bf `xoìi`ft Tr`shj`ft, shfo`ymu‘ii aheur` mut smg` wby tm l` pbhj hf b fmf-pbhj pmshthmf wkhi` tk` r`st ma usomftrhlut` vmiuftbrhiy. Ha ymu lòmg` Tr`shj`ft, H a`ì ymu‘ii jm quht` wìi (amr ZhgLmeebf3 H kbv` gy jmults amr tk` P_ZZB).



<;8

H wmfj`r ha tk` g`gl`rs whii iòt bf hf`xp`rh`fo`j emhsthobi g`ro`fbry mr bf`xp`rh`fo`j j`jhobt`j wmrc`r wkm j`vmt`s <4-?4 kmurs b w``c tm tk` prmgmthmf ma tbli` t`ffhs….

Zhg, pi`bs` boo`pt tkhs hf tk` tmf` ht wbs g`bft, bs arh`fjiy omgpibhfts….‗

Fmr H‘g sur` jhj Gbrhbff` r`bj tk` tkr``-pbe` shfei`-spbo`j ’Kìp ymur Oiul‚Qmtàmr Nboc Obrr‗ bii-pmhfts bttboc Nboc ibufok`j ibt`r tkbt wbs orhthohz`j fmt mfiy ly Zhg‘s arh`fjJhoc @vbfs lut ly Obihamrfhb ZZB Tr`shj`ft Ar`j K`rlst wkms` @.O. vmt`j amr Nboc bsTr`shj`ft mv`r Zhg. K`r` br` smg` `xbgpi`s> ’Zhg jm`sf‘t kbv` guok rèbrj amr sp`fjhfeP_ZZB gmf`y (mr `v`f p`rsmfbi gmf`y amr tkbt gbtt`r‚bt tk` ibst g``thfe k` stbt`j tkbt`v`f khs p`rsmfbi or`jht obrjs w`r` mv`rjrbwf).‗…Zhg ’tkrmwhfe khs rboc`t hf b Lbithgmr`tmurfbg`ft.‗ Zhg kbvhfe ’b ahst ahekt.‗…‗SZk`W gbhf r`bsmf tkbt k` w`ft tm tk` Umrij‘s wbs

tm piby hf tk` Nulhi`` Oup.‗…’Bt mf` @.O. s`sshmf bf @.O. g`gl`r‘s wha` iàt wk`f Zhgstbrt`j ushfe okmho` Zmphos wmrjs. (H wmf‘t r`p`bt tk`g shfo` H jmf‘t us` prmabfhty.)‗…H kbv`f`v`r cfmwf khg tm…kmij b tmurfbg`ft, mr `v`f ugphr` bfy gbtok`s.‗…‗H‘g barbhj k` gby l` smg`wkbt twm-abo`j.‗… ’H jmult ha k`‘j l` f`briy bs emmj Sb Zmphos `jhtmrW whtkmut

pby.‗…’SK`W kbs wrhtt f hf Zmphos, bfj tmij g` bs guok, tkbt k` hs fmt r biiy ruffhfe amr Tr`shj`ft3 k` hs ruffhfe bebhfst g`. Zkbt hs fmt tk` typ` ma p`rsmf w` wbft bs Tr`shj`ft.‗



<84

Okbpt`r Zw`fty-Zwm

285<> Zmurfbg`fts Trhmr tm tk` Imfe Hsibfj P._. Mp`f. 285<> Ppjbt` Mf Umrij Tiby

_hfo` Fbemyb Umrij‘s.

Zmurfbg`fts prò`jhfe tk` P._. Mp`f w`r` kìj hf Zmrmftm bfj Imfjmf, Mftbrhm, bfjtk` gbnmr piby`rs tk`r`, ht omg`s bs fm surprhs`, w`r` tkms` wkm‘j l``f sìòt`j ly tk` OZZBtm rò`hv` 50% trbvì bsshstbfo` tm Imfe Hsibfj. Lmtk bt tk` Nbf. Zmrmftm Mp`f bfj tk` A`l.Mftbrhm Mp`f hf Imfjmf, tk` Umg`f‘s whff`r wbs Qhmi`ttb F`sucbhths, bfj lmtk thg`s hfstrbhekt ebg`s mv`r Kì`f _hg`ri wkm hf Zmrmftm kbj l``f amro`j hftm tk` 0 tk ly nust-turf`j-t``fbe`r Gbrhbff Jmgmfcms, b imoc amr tk` Ehris _hfei`s mv`r Ghje`t _hfei`s Okbgp LhrutbTiuobs. Bt lmtk tmurfbg`fts, tkmuek, _hg`ri pbhr`j whtk Gbrh` C`rr tm tbc` tk` Umg`f‘s

Jmuli`s armg Qhmi`ttb bfj shst`r Aimrb wkms` ebg`s sthii kbjf‘t g`sk`j tme`tk`r bs kmp`j.Bism, bt lmtk tmurfbg`fts @rrmi Ob`tbfm wbs tk`

G`f‘s whff`r‚ahrst mv`r J`r`c Ubii wkm‘j kbj tm em 0tm e`t ly Nhg Jhxmf, tk`f 2; hf tk` 0tk mv`r T`t`r Emfjb.

@rrmi bfj Qhmi ttb w`r`, bs xpòt`j, ufokbii`fe`j hf tk`Ghx`j, bfj Ob`tbfm bfj khs rèuibr G`f‘s Jmuli`s

pbrtf`r, Emfjb, wmf `bshiy bt Zmrmftm, lut imst tmGmjrhs ûips/Euy E`rgbhf bt Imfjmf. Hf Nufhmrs/Lmys,Tbui Ci`vhfbs bfj _t`v` Aìjst`hf spiht. Hf _`fhmr‘s,ûips kbj tm ‟20, 2:, <;, << ahekt t`fbohmusiy tm jmwfGbx Gbrhfcm, tk`f amufj :-ebg` rìhà hf Imfjmfbebhfst Nmkf F`sucbhths wkm wbs blmut tm kmij b tkr``-jby

ombokhfe oihfho bt Okbrimtt`tmwf, Trhfo` @jwbrj Hsibfj.G`bfwkhi`, b

fugl`r ma P. _. baahihbt`s

whtkhf jrhvhfe jhstbfo` ma Imfe Hsibfj lèbfe`brhfe up amr tk` Mp`f ly kmijhfe b

tmurfbg`ft mr twm ma tk`hr mwf. Bt tkÀ`l. \mok`st`r, F.X. Mp`f, BfjyBfvìt fmt mfiy wmf tk` 25‘s lut tk`G`f‘s bs wìi‚hf tk` s`gh‘s mv`r p`fkmij`r F`bi Amx bfj hf tk` ahfbi mv`r Gmrrhs G`y`rs wkm‘j bjvbfo`j hf 0

wk`f Nhg _kmmts rbf mut ma luii`ts. Fmtb wmgbf mr ehri wbs r`pmrt`j tm l`

pibyhfe _hfei`s mr Jmuli`s hf tkhstmurfbg`ft. Gbyl` fmt mf` wbs `v`fwbtokhfe= Zkhs wkhi` prma`sshmfbi pkmtmerbpk`r F`bi Amx wbs bt tk` r`bjy

tm sfbp pkmtms tkbt P_ZZB g`gl`rsomuij luy amr $24 `bok‚b aufjrbhs`r, fmt amr F`bi wkm‘j jmfbt` khss`rvho`s, lut amr tk` Hft`rfbthmfbi Z`bg Aufj bfj tk` Pfhv`rshty ma Luaabim Zbli`-Luyhfe Aufj. G`f‘s Jmuli`s w`ft tm Okbrih` Lurrmueks/

Obfbjhbf Ombok Nmkf F`sucbhths


Bfjy Bfvìt


F`bi Amx>

$24 luocs b pkmtmTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



<82

_kmmts mv`r Ebry Obrt`r/Jmf Omiuzzh. Oibss B whff`r> Amx mv`r Jbv` L`rbrj. Oibss BJmuli`s> G`y`rs/Jbv` Kbrrhsmf mv`r Abtk`r/_mf omglm Lml/Zmg Lrhocìi, 28 hf tk` : tk. OibssL> Jbv` Erhaahf mv`r L`rbrj hf 0. _`fhmr‘s> Lurrmueks mv`r G`y`rs, bism hf 0. _`fhmr Jmuli`s>Ubit _t`pk`fs/ Lhii Kuft mv`r Zmg _khri`y/Nmkf Cbzbc.

Bt tk` mf`-stbr _uaamic Omufty (Imfe Hsibfj) Mp`f, Nhg Jhxmf bfj Aubrfbjm \ml`rts

’`ft`r`j lut jhjf‘t skmw, bfj _bg Kbggmfj `ft`r`j tmm ibt` bfj wbsf‘t biimw`j tm piby.‗(Zkms` pibffhfe tm `ft`r tk` Fbthmfbi‘s tbc` k``j, jmf‘t jìby!) E`mre` Lrbtkwbht` wmf tk`G`f‘s‚hf strbhekt ebg`s mv`r _mutk`rf F`w @feibfj Okbgp Ihg Ghfe Okuh bfj ahfbihst@rrmi \`s`c wkm ibg`ft`j ibt`r tm Zmphos tkbt, tkmuek tk` Fbthmfbi‘s Trmerbg stbt`j tkbt k`wbs spmfsmr`j ly Ok`ghobi Lbfc, k`, ihc` khs gpimy`r, tk` Lbfc, wbft`j tm ehv` or`jht mfiywk`r` or`jht wbs ju`‚bfj, shfo` tk` Lbfc kbjf‘t l``f kìphfe khg tm khs sbthsabothmf, k`f``j`j bfmtk`r spmfsmr. G`bfwkhi`, tk`r` wbs tk` moobshmfbi ehe‚bs wk`f hf briy Nbf. @rrmi

bfj E`mre` w`r` hfvht`j tm b Xmrc, T`ffsyivbfhb _pmrts Fhekt lbsk. Zk`r` tk`y w`ft pibyauiiytm lbt bebhfst Qhjb Liu` bfj Nhg Tbig`r.

Kbggmfj/Bi`x _khrmcy wmf tk` G`f‘s Jmuli`s armgOkuh/\`s`c. Umg`f‘s whff`r wbs Biho` Er``f mv`r _kbzzh

Aìst`hf, ?-zhp. Umg`f‘s Jmuli`s w`ft tm Gurhì _t`rf/N.Ahski`r mv`r Tè Jbiy/@vìyf bcbrhf3 Ghx`j tm Okuh/Er``f

mv`r Kbggmfj/Aìst`hf. Oibss B> Kbrv`y Eutgbf ($?0) mv`r Nm` Okhfe ($<0). B Jmuli`s>Eutgbf/Gbi Bfj`rsmf mv`r \by Ok`f/Gmkbf \bm. Oibss L> @rho Tkhiihps. Oibss O (bigmst 84`ftrh`s)> _orblli`/Lbocebggmf stbr Ghc` _`fch`whoz. _`fhmr‘s> K`fry Jùtsok mv`r, ahrst,Lmeebf, tk`f Gbroy Gmfbst`rhbi. Nufhmr‘s (bt i`bst :4 `ftrh`s)> \.\. 2. Zhg Kmus` (wkm‘j

`brih`r ups`t Nmkf GoErbw bfj l``f jmwf twm gbtok pmhfts tm Obri Jbff`r). <. EbryBjìgbf. ?. _omtt GoJmwìi. :. \hoc \ugli`.

_hxt``f t`bgs‚whtk amur B-L-O-J ermup whff`rs‚pbrthohpbt`j hf tk` A`l.T`ffsyivbfhb Z`bg tmurfbg`ft. B‘s> 2st> Thttslurek> Jbf _``ghii`r (2<-4), Nm` \mcmp (24-2),

@rho TkhiihpsTkmtm ly Lhii Gbri`fs

Kbrv`y Eutgbf> $?0 whff`rTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



<8<

bfj Lhii ^bt`c (;-2). <fj>Tkhibjìpkhb>Lhii _kbrp`(22-<), Kbfc

GoOmuiiug,E`mre`\moc`r, bfj_tbf_gmibfmwhoz.L‘s> 2st>Ibfobst`r H>

Lml Arhtsok(2<-4), LmlOmei`y, Nm`K`rtz, bfj Lhii Uhfe`r (;-:). O‘s> 2st> L`rwhoc> @iihs Bii`y, Jbv` Jhocsmf, bfj Nm` _ok`fm (22-<)

wkm blmut tkhs thg`, jmwfhfe Cbri _zbcbos, kbj stbrt`j khs strhfe ma I`khek Qbii`y Mp`f whfs.Zk` Gbr. :-0 T`ffsyivbfhb Mp`f, piby`j bt tk` Tkhiiy Oiul, prmv`j b er`bt wbrg-up

amr tk` Fbthmfbi‘s, bfj b okbfo` amr K`rl Qhokfhf, wkm wbs prmvhjhfe Zmphos omv`rbe`, tm`xoibhg tkbt tkhs w``c`fj mfimmc`rs w`r` tr`bt`j tm ’prmlbliy tk` gmst `xohthfe s`rh`s ma gbtok`s `v`r s``f bt b tbli` t`ffhs tmurfbg`ft‗ (Gby-Nuf`, 285<, <:-<0). H‘ii stbrt whtk tk`_hfei`s r`suits‚tkmuek, bs w`‘ii s``, ht‘s tk` Jmuli`s piby K`rl‘s gmst òstbtho blmut. _bgKbggmfj tmmc tk` G`f‘s armg Ghtok _`bithì, <?-<2 hf tk` 0 tk, bat`r Ghtok kbj wmf tk` ?rj bt28 tm stby hf tk` gbtok. Pp <2-<4 hf tk` 0tk, _`bithì ’ghss`j khs abvmrht` put bwby skmt mf b

khek iml armg Kbggmfj! $04 amr mf` skmt!‗ Hf `brih`r gbtok`s, lmtk ahfbihsts rbiih`j bat`r l`hfe jmwf <-4‚Kbggmfj tm Jbffy _``ghii`r3 _`bithì tm Zhg Lmeebf. Ghtok bism wbs l`khfj 2-4 bfj bt jùo` hf tk` <fj làmr` 28-hf-tk`-:tk jmwfhfe \`s`c wkm‘j survhv`j T`t`r

_t`pk`fs, 28 hf tk` :tk

.Hf tk` Umg`f‘s _hfei`s, wk`f Biho` Er``f jhjf‘t

skmw, Khibry Omk`f, bat`r ìhghfbthfe Nubfhtb _bftbfb 25 hf

tk` ?rj, mutibst`j Ehris P-25 whff`r Gurhì _t`rf hf tk` ahfbihf 0. Hf tk` Ghx`j, K`rl tìis us tkbt shfo` Lmeebf/@vìyf^bcbrhf w`r` hfbjv`rt`ftiy iàt mut ma tk` `v`ft, ht‘s b emmjtkhfe k`, fmt Zhg, hs jmhfe tk` wrht`-up3 bfj tkbt wk`f tk`Lmeebf/^bcbrhf t`bg, hfs`rt`j hftm tk` jrbw, rhekt bwby g`t_`bithì/_t`rf ht wbs b lr`bc amr tk` wkmi` Tkhiiy Oiul tkbt

Zhg bfj @vìyf wmf. Zk` ahfbi, kmw`v`r, sbw _t`pk`fs/TbtKhij`lrbfj l`bt tk` Imfe Hsibfj`rs hf 0.

L`st hf Oibss B> Qho Ibfjbu mv`r Jbffy _``ghii`r hf0. L‘s> Zhggy Kmus` mv`r Kuek Okhfe. O‘s> Ghc`_`fch`whoz, whffhfe b c`y ?rj <?-<2, hf : mv`r Lruo`Timtfhoc. @squhr`‘s w`ft tm E`mre` \moc`r mv`r Lml Er``f.

_`fhmr‘s tm \moc`r mv`r Lmeebf. Pfj`r 25‘s> Nm` \mcmpwmf tk` ?rj <;-<1 tm tbc` b <-2 i`bj mv`r _``ghii`r lutomuijf‘t omft`st tk` :tk bfj 0tk. Pfj`r 20‘s> Nm` _ok`fm mv`r _omtt GoJmwìi, 28 hf tk` 0tk.Pfj`r 2?‘s> Kmus` mv`r Ghc` _t`rf.

T`ffsyivbfhb t`bggbt`s> Jbv` Jhocsmf bfj Nm` _ok`fm

T`ffsyivbfhb Mp`f Okbgp

Khibry Omk`fTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



<8?

K`rl‘s brthoiò`ft`rs mf tk` Jmuli`s piby ma Jbffy_``ghii`r/Nm` \mcmp.Ahrst tk`y sw``p

tkrmuek tk`hr Nufhmr Jmuli`s‚jmwfhfeTimtfhoc/Nàa bcbrhf hftk` ahfbi. Zk`f, hf tk` BJmuli`s, bat`r ahfhskhfemaa Kmus`/Brtkur Fh`v`s, tk`y‘r` hf tk`

ahfbi bebhfst _kbrp` bfjQhokfhf. ’U` cfmwtk`hr omfshst`ft limochfe ebg`s,‗ sbys K`rl. ’Kbv` tm immp skmrt bebhfst tk`g. K`bvy bfj r`biskmrt.‗ Lut f`htk`r K`rl‘s fmt Lhii‘s immp hs omfshst`ft `fmuek bfj tk`y ims` tk` 2st bt 28‚tm

twm chjs. ’Zk`y skmuij f`v`r l`bt us,‗ gutt`rs _kbrp`. ’Omg` mf, i`t‘s piby‗ (g`bfhfe g ,sbys K`rl). _kbrp`/Qhokfhf whf tk` <fj ly puskhfe, lut br` immp`j jmwf hf tk` ?rj. L`khfj ;-2

hf tk` :tk, tk`y pusk tm b <2-22 whf, tk`f i`bj 24-0 hf tk` 0tk ‚kbv` somr`j ?4 ma tk` ibst ?; pmhfts.

_m kmw jm`s tkhs gbtok `fj= K`r`‘s K`rl>

’U` swhtok shj`s. 24-bii! _kbrp` yìis, ‛Xmu emttb tmpsphf!‘ H pusk. K`yìis. H yìi. Jùo`! Mur bj. H ghss. Mur bj. H ghss b s`rv`. Mur bj. _kbrp` ghss`s b

s`rv`. Mur bj. N`sus Okrhst! Jùo`! <:-bii. Zk`hr bj! Mk, fm. Zk`y‘r` nust chjs!Kmw `glbrrbsshfe! \mcmp s`rv`s. H pusk. _``ghii`r immps. _kbrp` khts ht! \mcmpomuft`rs ht! H iml ht (jugl!). _``ghii`r orusk`s b amr`kbfj wkhok khts _kbrp` hf tk`

wmrst pmsshli` pibo`> khs lbt! <1-<:! _kbrp` bfj H sor`bg bt `bok mtk`r amr b wkhi`(wkm tk` kìi br` tk`s` chjs) bfj tk`f stmgp bwby gbj. ‛U` (g`bfhfe g`) li`wht,‘ _kbrp` sbys.‗

’Zk` chjs kbv` tm obtok b lus lboc tm Thttslurek,‗ sbys K`rl> ’Ti`bs`,‗ tk`y pi`bj, ’i`tus piby mur G`f‘s Jmuli`s qubrt`r-ahfbi sm w` obf em kmg`.‗ Lut‚wkbt‘s tkhs= ’Zk`y wbic tkrmuek tk` tkhrj-s``j`j t`bg ma @rrmi \`s`c (ourr`ft #? fbthmfbiiy) bfj Jbvhj Tkhihp.‗

’Ti`bs` i`t us piby mur G`f‘s Jmuli`s s`gh-ahfbi gbtok sm w` obf em kmg`.‗M.C.‚piby. Bat`r twm ebg`s vs. Luch`t/_`bithì, tk` gbtok hs th`j 2-2. Lut hf tk` ? rj,

ht‘s _``ghii`r/\mcmp bebhf. ’Obf tkhs r`biiy l` kbpp`fhfe=‗ sbys K`rl. Amurtk ebg` tm Luch`t/_`bithì. Oibss lèhfs tm tìi= Ahatk ebg`> bt tk` turf, tk` Nufhmrs br` up 24-0. Fmw tk`y skhat

shj`s bfj tk` mrj`r okbfe`s‚whtk tkhs r`suit>

’\mcmp, rò`hvhfe armg _`bithì, gust fmw s`rv` tm _`bithì. ‛Ukbt‘s tkhs=‘ sbysLuch`t, bs ha k` f`v`r piby`j jmuli`s làmr`. ‛K` nust s`rv`j! K` kbs tm rò`hv`=‘

‛Zkbt‘s rhekt,‘ sbys @rhok Kbrhfe, tmurfbg`ft rà`r``. Uìi, tkhs ihtti` trhoc r`biiy rbtti`stk` chjs. _`bithì tm s`rv`, 8-22! ‛Ukbt hs tkhs!‘ sor`bgs Luch`t. ‛Fmw k`‘s s`rvhfebebhf=‘ (Bs ha k` jhjf‘t cfmw.) \btti`, chjs, rbtti`. Breu` whtk khg! Zbc` ymur ghfj maa tk` ebg`! 22-2:, _``ghii`r tm s`rv`. ’#D%&$!!‗ sor`bgs _``ghii`r Sjmhfe b ihtti`

Jmuli`s pbrtf`rs Lhii _kbrp` (I) bfj K`rl QhokfhfTkmtms ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



<8:

rbttihfe ma khs mwfW, bs tk` ormwj lr`bcs up….\mcmp Sup 2;-25W, s`rv`s. _`bithì pusk`s. _``ghii`r khts b k`bvy tmpsphf tm Luch t. Luch`t pmps ht up! \mcmp (wkm kbs bj`vbstbthfe amr`kbfj chii) chiis ht tm _`bithì‘s lbockbfj. Lut wbht! K`‘s iàt-kbfj`j!Zkbt‘s khs amr`kbfj! Ukbg! _``ghii`r jm`sf‘t `v`f gmv`, 2;-bii.‗

Fmw, sbys K`rl, wk`f _`bithì wkbocs bfmtk`r amr`kbfj lut ghss`s, bfj tk` _``ghii`r/\mcmp pbhr em up 28-2;, tk` Tkhiiy oiul g`gl`rs br` bii bluzz bfj stbrt rmmthfe amr tk` chjsmut imuj. _``ghii`r ’chiis khs ahrst skmt ma tk` gbtok…ufj`r tk` tbli`!‗‚bfj tk`y‘r` bt 28-bii.K`rl xoht`jiy omfthfu`s>

’\mcmp s`rv`s. _`bithì pusk`s. _``ghii`r pmps ht up….Luch`t khts b libzhfeamr`kbfj wkhok pbss`s \mcmp‘s `br mf tk` aiy! <4-28. \mcmp…s`rv`s. _`bithì pusk`s

(fm ghstbc`s fmw). _``ghii`r immps. Luch`t pmps ht up….Ukbg! \mcmp chiis ht tm_`bithì‘s lbockbfj. (Zkbt‘s rhekt, tkhs thg` ht hs khs lbockbfj.) <2-28, _``ghii`r-\mcmp!‗

’Ti`bs` i`t us piby mur G`f‘s Jmuli`s ahfbi sm w` obf em kmg`.‗_kbrp`‘s i`bvhfe, lut k`‘s fmt emhfe kmg`. ’H emttb em lboc tm wmrc,‗ k` sbys. K`rl

pmhfts mut tkbt Lhii‘s b omp ’wkm wmrc`j bii jby bt tk` tmurfbg`ft mf _bturjby, w`ft mf tk`2<-; skhat mf _bturjby fhekt, obg` lboc tm tk` tmurfbg`ft mf _ufjby gmrfhfe, bfj hs lboc tmwmrc bebhf bt fhekt. Bfj k`‘s :4 y`brs mij!‗

Qhokfhf fmt`s _kbrp`‘s omgg`fts tm khg mf tk` wby mut. ’Lmy,‗ sbys Lhii, ’H tkmuektw` (g`bfhfe g`) w`r` pibyhfe lbj, lut H eu`ss tkbt w` (g`bfhfe g`) w`r` pibyhfe mv`r mur k`bjs! U` (g`bfhfe khg, H tkhfc) skmuijf‘t e`t sm `gmthmfbi!‗

M.C., sm wkm‘s pibyhfe tk` chjs hf tk` ahfbi= _bg Kbggmfj bfj Bi`x _khrmcy,tkbt‘s wkm. Zkmuek tk`y o`rtbhfiy w`r` iuocy tm e`t tk`r`‚kbvhfe l``f jmwf hf tk`s`gh‘s tm E`mre` Lrbtkwbht`/T`t`r _t`pk`fs, 2:-: bfj <4-20 hf tk` 0 tk! ’Bi`x,‗ Qhokfhf

obiis mut,‗ha ymu whf tkhs, w`‘ii ehv` ymu tk` Nufhmr Jmuli`s trmpkh`s!‗ Pk-kuk. LutLuch`t a`ìs tk` f``j tm omufsì _khrmcy> ’Jmf‘t l` barbhj,‗ k` obuthmfs. Lut tkbt ahrstebg` bii Bi`x jm`s hs smat tmpsphf. _``ghii`r/\mcmp whf ht <2-2?. Qhokfhf hs tkhfchfe wkbt

`v`rymf` ìs` hs> ’Kht tk` emjjbgf lbii, _khrmcy!‗…_bg bfj Bi`x whf tk` <fj, bfj br` up<4-28 hf tk` ?rj wk`f Kbggmfj khts tk` lbii ’mf tk` `je` ma khs lbt. Lut, mk, mk! Ht khtstk` `je` ma tk` tbli`! <2-28, _khrmcy/Kbggmfj. Tiby abhr!‗ Lut tk` chjs th` ht up bfj emhftm tk` ahatk>

Mfiy fmw tk`y kbv` b lbj-iuoc stbrt> bf `je` amr _khrmcy3 tk`f, mut ma pmshthmf, Bi`x’swhp`s bt tk` lbii hf j`sp`rbthmf,‗ bfj, tkmuek ht ’sbhis mv`r tk` tbli`,‗ ht khts Jbffy‘s rboc`t3

tk`f Kbggmfj/_khrmcy e`t bfmtk`r `je`‚bfj _``ghii`r, jmwf 1-?, ’tbics tm tk` wbii, tkìhekts, tk` mtk`r tbli`s.‗ Lut tk` i`bj`rs br` omfs`rvbthvìy lboc tm tk` smat tmpsphf, bfj kbv`

tm c``p gmvhfe ’nust tm c``p tk` lbii hf piby, shfo` ht omg`s lboc bs abst bs tk`y put ht mv`r.‗Pp 2<-22, ’Kbggmfj tmpsphfs hftm _``ghii`r‘s lbockbfj. Ukbg! Ht‘s emf`, bs _``ghii`r tbc`sht nust maa tk` lmufo` whtk khs rhjhouimus lbockbfj…._khrmcy immcs brmufj. _`bithì sbys,‛Jmf‘t a`ì lbj.‘ Zk` ormwj rmbrs.‗

Mf tk`y em> 20-bii…2;-bii….Jmwf 28-<4 gbtok pmhft, Kbggmfj tmpsphfs tm_``ghii`r‘s lbockbfj‚bfj, mk, tkbt ’rhjhouimus aihoc! <2-28! Tbfj`gmfhug! @v`rylmjy‘s nugphfe bfj wbvhfe bfj sor`bghfe‗‚`xo`pt ma omurs` Kbggmfj bfj _khrmcy (bfj gbyl` ba`w shi`ft sygpbtkhz`rs).



<80

Umw, wkbt btmurfbg`ft, sbysK`rl>

’Mut

ma tk` t`f ?-mut-ma-0ahfbisgbtok`s, ;ma tk`gbimfe whtk lmtk s`gh‘s

ma tk` G`f‘sJmuli`s(bfj bomupi` ma

mtk`r G`f‘s_hfei`s

gbtok`s),w`ft tm ahvèbg`s, whtkshx ma tk`gahfhskhfe btjùo` hf tk`

ahatk! Hftk`s`gbtok`s

bimf`, tk`r`wbs b tmtbima tkhrty

jùoèbg`s!‗

F`xt up> bLbithgmr`Hfvhtbthmfbi. Zk`

P_ZZB @.O. wmuijskmrtiy bjmpt rui`s

amr Hfvhtbthmfbitmurfbg`fts. Zwmma tk`g w`r`>’gmr` tkbf kbia ma

tk` hfvht`j pbrthohpbfts‗ kbj tm l` P_ZZB g`gl`rs, bfj ’tk` lbshs amr sìòthfe piby`rs tm l`hfvht`j…gust l` bpprmv`j hf wrhthfe ly tk` \èhmfbi Zmurfbg`ft Jhròtmr.‗ B a`wmutshj`rs jhj piby hf tkhs Hfvhtbthmfbi.

Jbffy _``ghii`r/Nm` \mcmp vs. Bi`x _khrmcy/_bg KbggmfjTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf

Obf ymu tìi wkm wmf=Tkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



<81

Zk G`f‘s w`ft tm ZhgLmeebf hf b ‟<;, 25, <4, 25 ahfbimv`r Gbrc \bjmg, tk` ourr`ftbfj ;-thg` Lbithgmr` OhtyOkbgphmf3 tk Umg`f‘s tm

Lbrlbrb Cbghfscy mv`r Xvmff`Crmfibe`. Lmeebf/Zhlmr Kbzhtmmc tk G`f‘s Jmuli`s armgI`g Cuusc/Lml Cbghfscy.Umg`f‘s Jmuli`s whff`rs w`r`Cbghfscy/Crmfibe mv`r Gbrebr`t Lr`ffbf bfj @i`bfmr

Trhtok`tt. Lr`ffbf hs tk`Lbithgmr` Ghx`j Okbgp whtkGmrt Er``fl`re wkm amr tkr``strbhekt y`brs kbs bism l``f tk`

Ohty G`f‘s Jmuli`s Okbgp whtk\bjmg. Trhtok`tt pr`s`ftiy kmijs

tk 285< Umg`f‘s Jmuli`s thti`whtk Ohty _hfei`s Okbgp [ubf A`reusmf. Ghx`j w`ft tm \bjmg bfj Nubfhtb _bftbfb, tk` #2rbfc`j Umgbf/Nufhmr Ehri hf Lbithgmr`, mv`r Lmeebf bfj _kìih` Ebhfslure, Ehris P-2? whff`r mv`r _bfjy L`fetsmf. Lmys P-2? whff`r> _omtt Lmeebf mv`r Gbrc _w`rjihf.

Mtk`r r`suits> B‘s> Jr. Obri Eufj`rsjmra (Lbithgmr` # :) mv`r Lml L`rc`lhi` (#0). L‘s>Lml Kbrrhs mv`r Ghc` Aìjgbf, jùo` hf tk` 0tk (b r`v`rsbi

ma tk`hr Ohty B ahfbi). L`st Lbithgmr` Oims`j @squhr`> Eus_`gpì`s3 l`st Lbithgmr` Oims`j _`fhmr> Jmf Gbrstmf.L`st Lbithgmr` Oims`j Nufhmr> Tbt Ibwimr.

Bt tk` Gbrok Luoc`y` Mp`f hf Omiuglus, NmkfZbff`khii wmf tk G`f‘s armg Zhg M‘Ermscy3 Nmbff Thoc`tttk Umg`f‘s armg

Gbry Bff Lurjhoc,Nufhmr Ehris whff`r mv`r CbtkyJ`G`ft. G`f‘sJmuli`s Okbgpsw`r` Kmiimwby/

M‘Ermscy mv`r Zbff`khii/Lhii

Kmje hf tk s`gh‘sbfj Jmf Iymfs/Nhg_up`fscy hf tkàhfbi, lmtk hf 0.

Ghx`j w`ft tm Zbff`khii/Lurjhoc mv`r Nmkf Z`gpi`/Lbrl_ghtk. B‘s> _up`fscy mv`r Jhoc @vbfs hf 0. L‘s> Lruo`Blrbgs mv`r O whff`r Ihtti` wkm‘j must`j wk`ìokbhr wkhz Ghc` J`gps`y. B Jmuli s> _up`fscy/Kmiimwby mv r K`fry bfj Gbrc Ubgpi r, vmt`j ’Mutstbfjhfe Tiby`r‗ bt tk` 2854 Mkhm

Zhg Lmeebf>

Lbithgmr` Hfvhtbthmfbi Uhff`rTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf

Gbrc \bjmg> Lbithgmr`

Hfvhtbthmfbi \uff`r-upTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf

Jr. Obri Eufj`rsjmra,

Lbithgmr` Hfvhtbthmfbi B Uhff`r

Gbrc Ubgpi`rTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



<85

Hft`rohth`s. _`fhmr‘s> Imu \bjzìh mv`r Kmiimwby wkm, bebhfst \mf J`G`ft, kbj rbiih`j (armgb <2-? <fj ebg` tkbt put khg jmwf <-4) tm b <2-28 whf hf tk` 0 tk. P-25‘s> Jbv` Emhf mv`r Kbfc Omuit`r hf 0. P-20‘s> Lurjhoc mv`r J`gps`y. Pfj`r 2?‘s> Erè _oku`r mv`r Nàa Uhiihbgs.

Zk` A`l. Uhft`r Obrfhvbi, tk` ahrst tmurfbg`ft bt tk` spbohmus f`w Gbemm‘s, wbs

wrhtt`f up amr tk` Gbr. 24, 285< Ghff`smtb Zbli` Z`ffhs F`ws ly Qhfo` Cmimsch bfj bism,omfaushfeiy, amr Zmphos ly s`v`rbi ymufe Gbemm wrht`rs. (Cmimsch, hf bf bjnbo`ft Zmphos

brthoi`, Gbr.-Bpr, 285<, <:3 <;, j`tbhi`j tk` amrgbthmf ma tk` Ghff`smtb Khek _okmmi I`beu`s,gbj` up ma 2: t`bgs whtk ’mv`r ?4 sokmmis‗ mf tk` wbhthfe ihst).

Tiby amr tk` Obrfhvbi‘s 2?4 `ftrbfts wbs mf 2< tbli`s, bfj bs tk` ahrst-thg` amrgbtr`quhr`j tkbt bii s`gh‘s bfj ahfbis hf bii `v`fts l` kìj tk` sòmfj jby ma tk` tmurfbg`ft,spòtbtmrs mf _ufjby r`p`bt`jiy emt tm s`` shefhahobft gbtok`s. Zk` w``c`fj wbs b suoo`ss,

tkmuek fmt `xbotiy b g`rrygbchfe mf` lòbus` tk` ’eimssy ahfhsk mf mur 2< f`w J`trmht`rs‗gbj` amr b eibr`. ’_`v`r` y` strbhf wbs b omggmf omgpibhft bfj tk` okmho` ma shj` lòbg`bf hgpmrtbft abotmr hf tk` gbtok`s.‗ _hfo` tkhs Obrfhvbi wrht`-up o`ft`r`j mf tk` Oibss L,Oibss B, bfj G`f‘s, H‘ii e`t tm tkms` hf b gmg`ft, lut, ahrst, k`r` br` tk` r`suits ma tk` mtk`r

`v`fts. Umg`f‘s> Omffh` Jhsf`y mv`r Omii``f Gmshm. Umg`f‘s B‘s> Gbry Bff @feìkbrt mv`r

Nujy Fhìsmf. Zkhs 24-`ftry v`ft wbs v`ry pmpuibr> ’Tr`tty emmj piby bfj v`ry emmj ehriwbtokhfe.‗ Ghx`j Jmuli`s> Lml K`fz`/Nm \miihfs mv`r tk` abvmr`j pbhr ma Okbrih`/Omffh`Jhsf`y. G`f‘s Jmuli`s> Jmue Gbjby/Ubyf` \hokt`r mv`r #2 s``js, Jhsf`y/Bibf Emijst`hf.

Bism> Fmvho` Jmuli`s> _tu _hfychf/N`rry Zbyimr mv`r Okuoc Kbef`r/Q`rf Gmfjimk, bf `xp`rh`fo`j pbhr ’whtk bf ufmrtkmjmx styi`.‗ N`rry‘s tk` Okbhr ma

Bjv`rthshfe bfj I`beu`s amr tk` Ghff`bpmihs ZZB, bfj,bat`r stblihskhfe b i`beu` ma ;4 piby`rs bt khs E`f`rbiGhiis Omgpbfy k` wrmt` bf brthoi` amr Zmphos (_`pt.-

Mot., 2852, <;) skmwhfe kmw b i`beu` obf l` `stblihsk`jbt bfy ibre` omgpbfy. Oibss O> Bibf Kbskbg mv`r @jKmesk`bj hf 0. Oibss O Omfsmibthmf> Ihfjquhst mv`r N`rry

_mj`rl`re. Oibss J> _t`v` _t`liby mv`r Nmkf _mj`rl`re.G`f‘s Omfsmibthmf> Eus C`ff`jy mv`r @j @iis. Ghje`ts>Nmkf _mj`rl`re mv`r Erè Gmshm. Lmys> Nmkf _mj`rl`rehf bf ups`t mv`r _t`liby. Nufhmrs> \hok _hfychf mv`r \hoc Omeswìi. (Hf r`turf amr smg` `xkhlhthmfs hf wkhok tk`y‘iiw`br Gufshfew`br oimtk`s, \hok bfj khs arh`fj Jmf

Ibrsmf ’amufj amur spmfsmrs tm pby tk`hr wby‗ ($:04) tmtk` Fbthmfbi‘s.)

’Zk` B, L, bfj G`f‘s Mp`f `v`fts w`r`jmghfbt`j ly K.O. Okbfe, b <1-y`br-mij omiiè` stuj`ft

armg Gbjhsmf, Uhsomfshf, wkm obg` hftm tk` tmurfbg`ft b vhrtubi ufcfmwf bfj iàt whtk`v`rytkhfe lut tk` tbli`s.‗ Hf tk` B‘s, Okbfe imst khs mp`fhfe ebg`, <0-<?, tm Ghff`smtb

Nufhmr Okbgp _hfychf, lut tk`f st`bjh`j tm whf omfvhfohfeiy. ’Bfj k` mfiy prbotho`s mfo` bgmftk,‗ sbhj smg`mf` hf tk` ormwj. Fmr jhj Okbfe kbv` tk` sihekt`st trmuli`, bs smg`tkmuekt k` wmuij, whtk Uhsomfshf‘s Tbui Umfe. Khs ahfbi vhothg wbs \bfjy Trh`st wkm‘j wmfb eutsy ‟28, <<, 20 s`gh‘s mv`r Nboc N`fs`f.

Nmkf _mj`rl`re



<8;

Hf Oibss L, Okbfe orusk`j lmtk Gmkbf \bm bfj _ku Auf I``, wkhok obus`j b rugmr tm stbrt ohrouibthfe tkbt, ’K` wbs tk` Pfj`r 2? okbgp ma Zbhwbf!‗ Mf e`tthfe ly Jbvhj Lbrf`sbfj tk`f J`ffhs Trh`st wkm s``g`j kìpi`ss tm r`turf tkms` ’trhocy p`f-kmij`r s`rv`s,‗ Okbfegmv`j tm tk` ahfbi wk`r` Omeswìi, wkms` khtthfe wbs maa, kbj fm okbfo`.

Zk` G`f‘s amrgbt kbj ahv` piby`rs bjvbfohfe armg _bturjby fhekt rmufj rmlhf piby>

Okbrih` Jhsf`y, Ubyf` \hokt`r, Bibf Emijst`hf, Tbui Okbfe, bfj Jmue Gbjby. Jmue kbj kbjb skmt bt l`bthfe Tbui‚k`‘j imst tk` 2st bt 2;, lut nugp`j maa tm b 5-4 i`bj hf tk` <fj, mfiy tm24-bii ims` khs bjvbftbe`, tk`f jrmp tk` ebg` armg 28-bii. Lut tk`f k`‘j emf` mf tm <4, 20jmwf Emijst`hf. Bibf, ebg` amr khs 22>?4 p.g. gbtok, kbj somr`j bf `bsy 24, 2: vhotmry mv`r Tbui wkm‘j immc`j `xkbust`j.

F`w rugmrs omuij l` k`brj ohrouibthfe blmut Okbfe> ’K` kbsf‘t hgprmv`j shfo` k`wbs 2<.‗… ’K`‘s b strbtèy bfj tbothos e`fhus.‗ Hf tk` ahfbi rmufj rmlhf _ufjby, Jhsf`y

mp`f`j bebhfst Okbfe, bfj khs ’k`bvy tmpsphf jà`fs`‗ kìp`j khg tm whf tk` 2st <?-<2. Lut hftk` <fj bt 2;-bii b omupi` ma khs immps jhjf‘t em hf, bfj, abhihfe tm whf tkbt ebg`, k` imstgmg`ftug. _thii armg 8-< jmwf hf tk` ?rj, k` amuekt lboc…tm ;-2<…lut omuijf‘t oims` tkèbp. ’Bt 21-28 k` ghss`j b immp. ‛Amr Okrhst‘s sbc`,‘ k` gutt`r`j bs k` wbic`j hf ohroi`s

l`khfj tk` tbli`.‗ Zk`f, r`turfhfe tm piby, khs tme`tk`rf`ss omgpi`t`, k` jhzzhiy s rv`j maa.Bat`r Okbfe stmpp`j \hokt`r, sm jhj Bibf bfj Jmue. Zkbt iàt Okbrih` bfj Bibf tm piby tk` ibst

gbtok, bfj wk`f Okbrih` wmf twm strbhekt, Okbfe wbs jòibr`j tk` whff`r, whtk Gbjby <fj.Kbj Emijst`hf l`bt`f Jhsf`y hf strbhekt ebg`s, k` wmuij kbv` l``f tk` Obrfhvbi

Okbgphmf. _m wkbt omuij k` jm fmw lut okbgphmf Okbrih` bs ’@gphr` Luhij`r, Trmgmt`r @xtrbmrjhfbhr`‗ (ZZZ , Gby-Nuf`, 285<, <2). K` qumt`s Jhsf`y, wkm‘s mat`f fmt mv`riy gmj`st,bs sbyhfe, ’_mmf tk` GZZB whii kbv` bs gbfy g`gl`rs bs tk` P_ZZB.‗ Okbrih`, sbys Bibf,’kbs 24 g`gl`r oiuls brmufj tk` stbt` bfj s`fjs mut b lh-gmftkiy gbebzhf` tm 2,?44

hft`r`st`j p`mpi` bfj mrebfhzbthmfs.‗ K`‘s emtt`f spmrts wrht`rs armg tk` Ghff`bpmihs Zrhluf`

tm wrht`-up mur Oiul bothvhth`s, prmgmt`j Gbemm ZQ hft`rvh`ws, hft`r`st`j eyg t`bok`rs hftk` _pmrt bfj omfvhfo`j tk` Btki`tho Jhròtmr amr tk` Ghff`bpmihs Tuliho _okmmis tm ehv`

t`bokhfe or`jhts amr t`bokhfe tbli` t`ffhs. Lòbus` Okbrih`‘s ’jr`bg hs tm gbc` tbli` t`ffhs b pr`sthe` spmrt omgpbrbli` tm t ffhs mr emia,‗ k`‘s ’bvbhibli` tm em tm ymur ohty tm skmw ymukmw tm mrebfhz` tbli` t`ffhs mr ehv` ombokhfe oihfhos.‗ Lut ymu f``jf‘t bsc Okbrih` khgsìa

kmw k`‘s l``f sm suoo`ssaui, Bibf hs bomiyt` `fmuek>

’Kmw jm`s k` jm ht=_bi`sgbfskhp, or`bthv` hj`bs, bfj bfblhihty tm gmthvbt` p`mpi`. Zk` f`wGbemm‘s oiul kbs b spòhbi t`bg

sphrht, prmlbliy l`st `x`gpihah`j lytk` phmf``r sphrht bfj omggufbi

a`ìhfe hf bf Hsrbìh chlutz.@v`rymf` gust wmrc amr tk` oiul, hfoiujhfe

tk` tmp piby`rs. Amr `xbgpi`, H bg tk` #2 piby`r hf tk`stbt` lut H wbs simw hf pbhfthfe b sgbii rmmg bs gy

omftrhluthmf tm tk` f`w oiul. Bat`r b a`w wbrfhfes armgOkbrih` H sujj`fiy amufj tkbt fm mf` hf tk` oiul wmuij pibywhtk g`. H pbhft`j tk` rmmg hf b kurry.‗

Okbrih` Jhsf`y>

@gphr` Luhij`r



<88

Mf Gbr. 22, Jhrc T`t`rs`f tìis us, Uhsf`r, F`lrbscb, ’b ihtti` tmwf ma 2,?44 p`mpi`,‗kìj hts ahrst sbfothmf`j tmurfbg`ft, b Oims`j, bfj jr`w ;< pbrthohpbfts. Fmt lbj‚tkmuek tk`mrebfhz`rs br` bhghfe khek. ’Uhsf`r hs cfmwf bs tk` l`à o`ft`r ma Bg`rhob. U` wmuij ihc` tms`` ht bs mf` ma tk` omuftry‘s tbli` t`ffhs o`ft`rs.‗ Lmtk tk` G`f‘s bfj tk` B‘s wbs wmf lyChhokh _btm ma Nbpbf, fmw b Pfhv`rshty ma F`lrbscb stuj`ft. Ahfbihsts Zmg Ubisk hf tk` G`f‘s

bfj _omtt Hokcmaa hf tk` B‘s aìi vhothg tm ’_btm‘s quhocf`ss bfj blhihty tm immp.‗ Hf G`f‘sJmuli`s, kmw`v`r, _btm bfj khs pbrtf`r C`fzm Htmk w`r` ups`t ly Okbri`s Tmismf bfj NmfJùoki`r‚’whtk Tmismf wmrchfe tm s`t tk` lbii up amr Jùoki`r‘s er`bt amr`kbfj sgbsk.‗Mfiy, Tmismf/Jùoki`r jhjf‘t whf `htk`r, lut obg` <fj tm Ubisk/N`rry Gbiò. Jhbfb Gy`rs ma omurs` wmf tk` Umg`f‘s bfj _`fhmr Ehris (mv`r Cbtky Gmìi`r) bfj tk` Ghx`j whtk Jhoc Hokcmaa (mv`r _omtt T`t`rs`f/\hsok).

Boomrjhfe tm Zmg Ubisk, tk` F`lrbscb Mp`f uf`xpòt`jiy jr`w sm gbfy `ftrh`s

tkbt tk` tmurfbg`ft ihfe`r`j ’ufthi pbst mf` hf tk` gmrfhfe‗‚wkhok g`bft ’tkbt bii tk`spòtbtmrs kbj emf` kmg`, tkbt smg` ma tk` l`st gbtok`s ma tk` fhekt w`ft uffmtho`j.‗ Nufhmr Gurrby Cuti`r, pmmr euy, wbs shoc bfj omuijf‘t piby hf tk` tmurfbg`ft. Bs amr Mgbkb‘s mtk`r Nufhmr stbr, _omtt Hokcmaa, Ubisk s``s khg bs b ’ghrrmr hgbe`‗ ma khgsìa. K`‘s ’tk` mfiy

boomgpihsk`j nufhmr wkm pibys whtk b phgpi`j rull`r lbt‚ihc` khs abtk`r, \hokbrj Hokcmaa,y`brs bem b rbfc`j Okhobem piby`r…._omtt kbs tk` cfboc ma limochfe wìi maa tk`

lbockbfj…bfj omuft`rhfe skbrpiy armg tk` amr`kbfj.‗Zk` G`f‘s Okbgphmfskhp wbs Jmuli`

@ihghfbthmf. Mf mf` shj` ma tk` Jrbw, Jbvhj Lbrf`s`je`j Kbrry _bfjf`r, 28 hf tk` ?rj. Mf tk` mtk`r, p`r`ffhbi Mgbkb Okbgphmf, _t`v` Aibfslure, hf bf`briy gbtok wbs ’kbvhfe er`bt jhaahouity whtk f`ts bfj

`je`s bebhfst b surprhshfeiy strmfe Okbri`s Tmismf ma tk` _mutk Mgbkb Lmys Oiul‗3 wkhi` Ubisk, ghsbjvhs`jtm piby Gbrous Fe‘s fm-rull`r/pibhf-wmmj lbockbfj,

ebv` tkbt up bfj lèbf okmpphfe bfj phoc-khtthfe tm Fe‘s amr`kbfj nust hf thg`. Bat`r wkhok, Aibfslure,gmbfhfe blmut khs iboc ma prbotho` bfj hfblhihty tm

immp, jrmpp`j tk` 2st ebg` tm Ubisk, lut tk`fsuoo`ssauiiy c`pt putthfe tk` lbii tm khs amr`kbfj wk`r` Zmg p`rv`rsìy c`pt phochfe tk` wrmfe lbiis tm kht.

Hf tk` Uhff`rs‘ Lrboc`t, Aibfslure wmf tk` 2st armg Lbrf`s bt 28, tk`f, mf rbiiyhfearmg 1-21 jmwf tm 28-bii, omuijf‘t oims` bfj tk` gbtok wbs th`j. Hf tk` ?rj ebg`, tk`hr pbtt`rfma piby wbs ’pusk-pusk-pusk-immp amr _t`v`, r`turf, sgbsk‚hf mr mut.‗ Uk`f Jbvhj‘s r`turf

jhjf‘t lrhfe b khek lbii tkbt _t`v` omuij sgbsk, khs sòmfj immp wbsf‘t sm àaòthv`.Moobshmfbiiy Jbvhj wmuij phoc-kht kbrj, ’fmt bsy tm jm bebhfst tk` whiy-amx sphf-okbfe`r

Aibfslure.‗ Zk` gbtok ahfbiiy w`ft tm Lbrf`s, <;-<1, mf b f`t lbii.Hf tk` Ims`rs‘ Lrboc`t, Ubisk sbhj k` wbs bli` tm l`bt _bfjf`r armg tk` ghj-ebg` ? rj

lòbus` k` kbj bf ’hfsphrbthmf> H jòhj`j tm piby tm Kbrry‘s strmfe amr kbfj….H s`rv`j`v`rytkhfe tm tk` amr`kbfj bfj okmpp`j ufthi k` trh`j tm jrmp g`3 tk`f H gmv`j hf bfj

sgbsk`j‗ amr bf `bsy whf. Bebhfst Aibfslure, Ubisk wbs jmwf 2-4 bfj bt 2;-bii hf tk` < fj ‚ ’bt wkhok pmhft,‗ sbhj Zmg, ’H kht mf` ma gy l`st amr`kbfj chiis tmwbrj ghj-tbli`, lut _t`v`wbs tk`r` tm okmp mf` ma tkms` ufr`turfbli` okmps> ht kht tk` f`t sthaaiy, jhpp`j tm gy shj`, bfj làmr` H omuij r`bok ht, ht nugp`j lboc tm khs shj` ma tk` tbli ‚khs pmhft lòbus` H kbjf‘t

_t`v` ’Amx‗ AibfslureTkmtm ly Zmg Ubisk



?44

r`turf`j ht.‗ @v`ftubiiy Zmg imst tkhs ?rj ebg` bt jùo`. Hf tk` gbtok amr tk` Okbgphmfskhp,’_t`v` wbs f`br `xkbusthmf…k` kbjf‘t guok iàt.‗ Lbrf`s bebhf ’ahfhsk`j khs whf whtk b f`t.‗

Mtk`r whff`rs> G`f‘s Jmuli`s> Lbrf`s/_omtt Erbatmf mv`r Ubisk/Jhoc Hokcmaa, <1-<:hf tk` ?rj hf tk` s`gh‘s, bfj mv`r _bfjf`r/Jbvhj Km hf tk` ahfbi. Umg`f‘s> Jhbfb Gy`rs mv`r Cbtky Gmìi`r. Ghx`j> _bfjf`r/Gy`rs mv`r Ubisk/J`llh` J`f`fl`re. B‘s> Lml Eìif`r

(khtthfe tk` lbii ’s``ghfeiy bt tk` ibst sòmfj ht obf l` kht‗) <8-<5 hf tk` ?

rj

mv`r Gbrous Fe’wkms` jhsomfo`rthfe kblht ma puskhfe bfj limochfe whtk tk` wmmj shj` ma khs lbt‗ prmjuo`ssuok b ’jhaa`r`fo` hf sphf bfj trbnòtmry‗ tkbt ht‘s ’smg`thg`s pbrbiyzhfe amr mppmf`fts.‗ BOmfsmibthmf> I`m Curjhcb mv`r Tkyshos Trma`ssmr Nhg Orbhe, 28 hf tk` ?rj. Oibss L> NmfJùoki`r hf tk` s`gh‘s mv`r Mgbkb Oiul _òr`tbry I`` Ibrsmf, bfj hf tk` ahfbi mv`r trhocy p`fkmij s`rv`r Arbfohs Gbk. Oibss O> Orbhe mv`r _omtt Hokcmaa.

Bt tk` Ghsshsshpph _tbt` Pfhv`rshty Mp`f, Zmphos r`pmrt`r \hokbrj Chssì wbs

bstmfhsk`j bt tk` strbhekt-ebg` `bs` whtk wkhok 20-y`br-mij Nmkf Ruhoc w`ft tkrmuek twm ma tk` _mutk‘s l`st piby`rs‚s`ghahfbihst Kmg`r Lrmwf bfj ahfbihst Jmf Ebhtk`r. ’U` w`r` nust bihtti` `glbrrbss`j tkbt tk` ibre` ermup ma spòtbtmrs wkm obg` mut jhjf‘t s`` tk` tkrhiis w` prmghs`j.‗ Kmw`v`r, sbhj \hokbrj, imobi spòtbtmrs jhj `fnmy wbtokhfe tk` kbrj rull`r gbtok

l`tw``f ’G_P khstmry prma`ssmr, Oihaa Bfj`rsmf, wkm kbs rò`ftiy omg` mut ma tbli t`ffhsr`thr`g`ft‗ bfj Btibftb Oims`j _`fhmr Okbgp Oyrhi I`j`rgbf. Oihaa, whtk khs ’bigmst-

hgpmsshli -tm-e`t-tkrmuek okmp jà`fs` tkbt mfo` gbj` khg b fbthmfbiiy rbfc`j piby`r,‗ wbsgmr` tkbf b gbtok amr Oyrhi bfj khs lbockbfj phocs.

Mtk`r r`suits> G`f‘s Jmuli`s> Ebhtk`r/Lrmwf mv`r \bipk Chssì/Lhii @jwbrjs. Oibss B> Z`j Lbss`tt mv`r \by Ahiz hf 0. Oibss L> Kuek Ibxmv`r \hokbrj Omaagbf‚lut Kuek‘s tmuek`st gbtok wbs whtk Ibrry Ahsk`r,bat`r Ibrry kbj ìhghfbt`j U`fjìi Jhiimf, b fbg` w`‘ii k`br quht` b lht ma

hf tk` f`xt ?4-smg` y`brs. Pfj`r 25‘s> Ruhoc mv`r Lhii @jwbrjs.Amr tk` <4tk Bffubi Brhzmfb Mp`f

’omfjuot`j mf t`f Lrhfctuf tbli`s hf tk`

spbohmus Omrtz Khek Eygfbshug hf Tkm`fhx,‗Oiul Tr`shj`ft Amrr`st Lbrr wbs kbppy tmbffmufo` tkbt tk` ’`ftry tmtbi ma 240 armg ahv`

stbt`s wbs tk` ibre`st `v`r hf Brhzmfb.‗Obihamrfhb‘s Kmwbrj Ermssgbf wbs b trhpi`whff`r. ’Jhspibyhfe brthstho jà`fshv` schiis,ghx`j whtk moobshmfbi maa`fshv` mutlursts armg`htk`r whfe,‗ Kmwh` wmf b 0-ebg` G`f‘s ahfbiarmg amrg`r Brhzmfb Okbgp, Gbrc Bjìgbf ma

_bf Jhèm, bat`r Gbrc kbj 28-hf-tk`-0tk lbrìysurvhv`j khs s`gh‘s whtk @i Tbsm‘s Gbo Kmrf.

Kmwh` bism tmmc lmtk Jmuli`s‚tk` G`f‘s whtkGbrc mv`r _`fhmr whff`r Jbf Lbfbok/@rhoZkmg, bfj tk` Ghx`j whtk K`btk`r Bfeìhf`ttb

mv`r Gbrc JbQ``/Bfeìhtb \msbi. Umg`f‘s w`ft tm 20-y`br-mij Bfeìhtb wkm‘s fmw guok

tmm emmj amr K`btk`r.Mtk`r whff`rs> B‘s> JbQ``, bism 20, mv`r _bit Ibc` Ohty‘s Lrhbf _yc`s. B Jmuli`s> Lhii

Eu`rhf/Nmkf Kbrrhfetmf mv`r \me`r X``/Jbf Xu. L‘s> Bfeh` \msbi mv`r \uss _hfe`r. LJmuli`s> Jbf bfj Bfjy Xu mv`r _h bfj Lhii C`fhe. O‘s> Nboc _hgmftbl ma _bit Ibc` Ohty mv`r

Tkm`fhx Oiul Tr`shj`ft

Amrr`st Lbrr

U`fjìi JhiimfTkmtm ly Gbi

Bfj`rsmf



?42

Kbrry I`mfe ma Zuosmf. Uk`ìokbhr _hfei`s (b f`w `v`ft)> Ghc` J`gps`y, fmw pibyhfe mut ma Omrpus Okrhsth, Z`xbs, mv`r N`rry _wbfsmf ma Tkm`fhx.

Zk` <0tk Bffubi Tbohaho Ombst Mp`f, kìj b w``c làmr` _t. Tbjjy‘s Jby hf Julihf, upf`br _bf Arbfohsom, maa`r`j Obihamrfhbfs tk`hr ibst okbfo` tm wbrg-up amr tk` Gbr. 25-28 ImfeHsibfj Fbthmfbi‘s (?; armg Obihamrfhb br` `ft`r`j tk`r`). Jh`t`r Auss, hf khs Zmphos omv`rbe`

(Gby-Nuf`, 285<, 2:) s`ts tk` Lby Br`b so`f` amr us>

’Arhjby bat`rfmmf tk` f`w Julihf Khek _okmmi eyg lòbg` b ibre` tbli` t`ffhso`ft`r. Arhjby `v`fhfe tk` ’J‗ _hfei`s bfj jmuli`s s`rv`j bs b jr`ss r`k`brsbi amr tk`f`xt twm jbys, bfj ly _bturjby gmrfhfe tk` eyg mv`raimw`j whtk mrebfhz`jgbjf`ss‚piby`rs lbttihfe amr tk`hr ihv`s mf 21 tbli`s‚tk` somrhfe tbli` or`w ma Kbrry Fìsmf, Lrhbf ^hgg`rgbf, bfj Lrmf Fìsmf bffmufohfe bfmtk`r gbtok amr tk` tkhrj

thg`‚Imu Lmok`fsch sìihfe v`rytkhfe armg skm`s tm rui` lmmcs‚04 p`mpi` stbfjhfebrmufj tk` rèhstrbthmf j`sc bschfe amr tk` jrbw sk``ts bfj hfamrgbthmf tkbt wbs s`fttm tk`g whtk tk`hr `ftry amrg‚jmz`fs ma `gpty smat-jrhfc obfs oibfchfe tk`hr wbyjmwf tk` li`bok`rs‚bfj b a`w p`mpi` fnmyhfe ht bii.‗

Uìi, gbyl` gmr` tkbf b a`w, lòbus` armg Lbrj Lr`ff`r w` k`br kmw sm gbfy

Julihf Oiul abghih`s put up mut-ma-tmwf`rs hf tk`hr kmg`s‚whtk Jh`t`r‘s abghiyboomggmjbthfe fhf` kmusèu`sts.

Uhff`rs> Okbgphmfskhp (mp`f tm g`fbfj wmg`f)> @rwhf Ci`hf ($<44) mv`r Ei`ffOmwbf ($244) wkm wbs jmwf <-2 tm J`fhsM‘Omffìi wkm wbs jmwf <-2 tm Qbfomuv`r‘s

Tkhihp Ok`fe. Umg`f‘s> Bfeìhtb \msbi ($04)28 hf tk` 0tk hf tk` s`gh‘s mv`r Tbtty Obsk($<4), bfj 28 hf tk` :tk hf tk` ahfbi mv`r Nujy

Lmok`fsch ($?4) wkm‘j `sobp`j U`fjy Khocs($<4), 2; hf tk` 0tk. G`f‘s Jmuli`s> Gbrc Bjìgbf/@rho Zkmg mv`r E`mre` Gbcc/Nàa

Gbsmf.Umg`f‘sJmuli`s> Obsk/

Lmok`fsch mv`r \msbi/K`btk`r Bfeìhf`ttb. Ghx`j Jmuli`s>^mitbf Tbtbcy/Lmok`fsch mv`r Zkmg/\msbi. B‘s> Obsk mv`r \hokbrj Z`rry hf 0. B Jmuli`s> Lmibr Fbhc/Cwbf Umfe mv`r

Erè _k`rgbf/N`rbij ’N`rry‗ Orugi`y.Bism> @squhr`‘s> Biibf K`rscmvhok mv`r \uss

Zkmgpsmf. _`fhmr‘s K`rscmvhok mv`r Jbf Lbfbok. _`fhmr Jmuli`s> Zkmgpsmf/\hokbrj Lbje`r (bat`r l`hfe jmwf <-4)mv`r Gmfhom \msbi/Lbfbok. Lmys P-25> Tbui \bpkì mv`r Zkmg. Lmys P-20> Ghc` J`gps`y mv`r Obivhf Okmw, 25, <0, -

28, 28. Lmys P-2?> Ebibrjh mv`r Okhoc Okuh. Ehris P-25>Lmok`fsch mv`r \msbi. Ehris P-20> L.O.‘s I`sih` Ubrj mv`r Gmfhob \msbi. Nufhmr Jmuli`s> \bpkì/Lmok`fsch (armg jmwf<-4 bfj bt jùo` hf tk` ?rj) mv`r Zkmg/\msbi.

N`rbij ’N`rry‗ Orugi`y

Obihamrfhb

_`fhmr _tbr

\uss Zkmgpsmf



?4<

Ppjbt` Mf Umrij Tiby _hfo` Fbemyb Umrij‘s

Hf bf brthoi` lmrj`rhfe tk` mf` mftk` Tbohaho Ombst tmurfbg`ft, Erè_bwhf* tìis us kmw k` bfj aìimw _bfArbfohsom Oiul g`gl`rs I`s Gbjj`f bfj

\hokbrj Z`rry ’w`ft hftm _bf Arbfohsom‘sOkhfbtmwf jhstrhot tm s`` b prma`sshmfbiiygbj` ahig ma tk` Umrij Okbgphmfskhps hf Fbemyb.‗ Zk` ohf`gbtmerbpk`rs w`ràrmg Kmfe Cmfe, sm fmt surprhshfeiy tkàhig wbs r`pmrt`jiy skmwf ’tm obpbohtyormwjs tk`r`.‗ Ma omurs` hf _wbytkihfe

Oup ammtbe`, mf` omuijf‘t ghss KmfeCmfe‘s 0-2 vhotmry mv`r tk` P._. Erèfmt`j tkbt tk` ahig piby`j bt _bfArbfohsom‘s _uf _hfe Zk`bt`r ’amr blmut b

w``c‗ bfj tkbt mf tk` Arhjby, A`l. :tk

fhekt k` bfj khs arh`fjs wbtok`j, tk`

tk`bt`r ’wbs blmut ¶ auii.‗ Zk` ahig wbs’hf liboc- bfj-wkht` whtk @feihsk fbrrbthmfbfj @feihsk bfj Okhf`s` sul-thti`s. Zk`smufjs ma tk` lbii bfj tk` bujh`fo`r`bothmf w`r` jull`j hf.‗

B whj` vbrh`ty ma piby hf bii `v`fts wbs maa`r`j‚bfj, tkmuek Erè wmuij kbv` ihc`j

tk` ahiggbc`rs tm kbv` hfoiuj`j suok @bst-U`st gbtok`s bs Kbsèbwb vs. L`fetssmf, IhOkhfe-cubfe vs. Nmkbfssmf mr Mrimwsch, bfj Tbc _hf Hi vs. _òr`thf, k` wbs pi`bs`j tm s`` IhOkhfe-Cubfe bebhfst Lì`zfbh. Bii hf bii, k` aìt tk` twm-kmur sìòthmf prmvhj`j ’b fho`

suggbry ma tk` Umrij‘s.‗ H ghekt bism bjj tkbt mf` ma tkms` ahfbis k` wbtok`j kbj tm l` G`f‘sJmuli`s whtk Okbgps Nmfy`r bfj Cibgpbr. Auf obrtmmf, Erè.

H‘g sur` tk` Okhf`s` kbj tk`hr obg`rbs r`bjy amr tk`

’Arh`fjskhp Ahrst, Omgp`ththmf _òmfj‗ Barm-Bshbf Hfvhtbthmfbi hfT`chfe hf `briy Fmv., 2852. ’Ahaty-mf` Bssmohbthmfs w`r` pr`s`ft, bfjfm jmult tk`r` w`r` gbfy piby`rs armg `g`rehfe fbthmfs tkrhii`j tm l` pibyhfe mutshj` tk`hr omuftry amr tk` ahrst thg`. _uok emmjwhii tkÒkhf`s` w`r` e`f`rbthfe‚tk`y‘j bism `ft`rtbhf`j ahv` _mutk Bg`rhobfomuftrh`s, bfj f`xt y`br w`r` emhfe tm hfvht` Ibthf Bg`rhobf

Bssmohbthmfs bs wìi. Uky, ht‘j l` b ihtti` Umrij Okbgphmfskhps. \hektfmw tk`r` w`r` thti`s amr `v`rymf`> G`f‘s Z`bg‘s> 2. Nbpbf. <. Fmrtk

Cmr`b. ?. Okhfb. Umg`f‘s Z`bg‘s> 2. Okhfb. <. Fmrtk Cmr`b. ?. Nbpbf. G`f‘s _hfei`s> Nbpbf‘sKbsèbwb mv`r Cmkfm hf 0. Umg`f‘s _hfei`s> Okhfb‘s Ok`f Kubh-yhfe mv`r Fmrtk Cmr`b‘sTbc Xùfe Mc hf 0. G`f‘s Jmuli`s> Okhfb‘s Ih Okhfe-cubfe/Zhbm U`f-yubf mv`r Khs @f-thfe/Ihbfe Cm-ihbfe, 28 hf tk` 0tk. Umg`f‘s Jmuli`s> Nbpbf‘s Mkz`ch/Cmffm mv`r Cbwbgmrhtb/

Mfugb hf 0. Ghx`j> Fmrtk Cmr`b‘s Tbc _hf Hi/Tbc Xùfe Mc mv`r Nbpbf‘s Cmkfm/Aucufm.@bst g`t U`st wk`f, bat`r tk` Barm-Bshbf Hfvhtbthmfbi, tk` Okhf`s` Z`bg tmmc b ufhqu`

2?-jby Zmur ma Gbtok`s hf Gbfok`st`r, Lhrghfekbg, bfj Imfjmf, bs wìi bs hf Obrjhaa,@jhflurek, bfj Julihf. Tkhihp \`hj r`gbrc`j tkbt tk` Okhf`s` wmf mr imst Gbtok`s hf chfjiy



?4?

abskhmf. Mf` piby`r hf pbrthouibr Tkhiomuijf‘t prbhs` fmuek‚Ihbfe Cm-ihbfe.’Khs jà`fs` wbs bigmst hgp`f`trbli`, khsbttboc obg` armg htk`r whfe bfj fmlmjykbv` H s``f hf rò`ft y`brs wkm omuij chii

tk` lbii maa s`rvho` ihc` k` omuij whtk khs lbockbfj. Khs piby kbj b smrt ma gmmfl`bgqubihty blmut ht wkhok wbs ibochfe hf `v`rymtk`r piby`r.‗

Ukhi` H‘g bt ht‚mr rbtk`r fmw tkbt Tkhi hs bt ht (ZZZ ,Nbf.-A`l., 285<, 1, bfj

Gbrok-Bprhi, 285<, :32:)‚ k`r` br` tk` r`suits ma tkr`` lhe @feihsk tmurfbg`fts prhmr

tm tk` @feihsk Mp`f hf briy Gbrok. Zk`

ahrst ma tk`s`, tk` ?-stbr Ghjibfj Mp`f,moourr`j hf Jò. wkhi` tk` Okhf`s` w`r` sthii

mf tk`hr Zmur ma tk` Lrhthsk Hsi`s. Zk` G`f‘sw`ft tm sp``jy Fhocy Nbrvhs mv`r ZmfyOibytmf wkm‘j jmwf`j Lbrry G`hsì hf tk`s`gh‘s. Nbrvhs, hf khs s`gh‘s, stmpp`j khsoiulgbt` J`fhs F`bi`, <2, 28, ly immphfe’bs guok bs pmsshli`‗ bfj c``phfe J`fhs, lmtk`r`j ly b smr` skmuij`r, ’maa tk` bttboc.‗

Umg`f‘s whff`r wbs Nujy K`bps mv`r Ihfjb Kmwbrj, bat`r Nujy kbj ups`t Cbr`fzb Gbtk`ws.J`r`c _okmahìj wmf tk` Mv`r :4‘s armg Z`rryJmfimf.

Bt tk` Nbf., 285< @feihsk Oims`j,Ok`st`r Lbrf`s ’whtkjr`w mf g`jhobi ermufjs,‗wkhi` Bibf Kyj`s, wkm imst tm _w``rhs hf tk`

s`gh‘s ma tk` _`pt. OF@, wbs ups`t ly Bibf\bfsmg`‚’b skmoc ma smg` gbefhtuj`.‗ Hf tk`mf` s`gh‘s, \bfsmg` imst tm 2:-y`br-mij JbvhjBij`rsmf wkm wbs l`bt`f hf tk` @feihsk Nufhmr Oims`j ly Lhrghfekbg‘s J`s Jmueibs, ’b iàt-kbfj`r ma hgg`fs` prmghs`.‗ Kmw`v`r, J`s

tk`f aìi tm T`t`r Zbyimr (Zr`vmr‘s lrmtk`r) wkmhf turf wbs stmpp`j ly tk` whff`r, _hgmf

K`bps. (Uhtk tk` kìp ma Omob-Omib Lmtti`rs,Itj., T`t`r, _hgmf, bfj Hbf Kmrskbg, whtkLrybf G`rrht bs tk`hr Gbfbe`r, wmuij ibt`r l`s`ft tm trbhf bfj omgp`t` hf _w`j`f.) Hf tk`

mtk`r G`f‘s s`gh‘s, piby`j r`biiy amr tkÒkbgphmfskhp shfo` Bij`rsmf wbsf‘t emmj `fmuek tm okbii`fe` amr tk` thti`, Zr`vmr Zbyimr jà`bt`j J`fhs F`bi`, 28 hf tk` 0 tk. Uk`f Zr`vmr wmf, k`, uftyphobiiy, sbhj \`hj, ’i`bpt hf tk`bhr, choc`j jmwf tk` lbrrh`rs, bfj rbo`j rmufj tk` tbli`.‗

Ihbfe Cm-ihbfe>

khs piby kbs b

’gmmfl`bg‗

qubihty

_hgmf K`bps,

285< @feihsk Nufhmr Oims`j Uhff`rTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



?4:

Zkhfc tkbt imss whii kurt tk` sbi` ma F`bi`‘s Zk`

Uby tm tk` Zmp= Bitkmuek mur Zmphos r`vh`w`r, JmfEuff, obf l` wbsphsk‚’Zk`r` hs bism b f`w lmmc ly tk`s`v`ft``f-y`br ohobjb ma tbli` t`ffhs, Nboc Obrrhfetmf. Htwmuij l` l`tt`r ha k` thg`s khs lmmcs tm tk` oyoi` ma

Kbii`y‘s omg`t‗‚k` i`ts F`bi` maa `bsy>

’…F`bi` lìh`v`s hf tk` auii brs`fbi ma strmc`s3 k` tbc`s khgsìa bfj iha` s`rhmusiy.Pfamrtufbtìy, tbli` t`ffhs lmmcs br` tmm mat`f nust p`bs armg tk` sbg` pmj. Zk`y lòmg` hft`r`sthfemfiy wk`f tk`y r`v`bi tkms` bspòts ma tbli` t`ffhs

wkhok gmst ma us obf f`v`r s``> UmrijOkbgphmfskhps, t`bg trbhfhfe, l`khfj-tk`-so`f`s pmihthos, bfj nust pibhf lboc-lhthfe. Ukbt tk`butkmrs sby blmut tk`gsìv`s obf sìjmg l` tbc`f

s`rhmusiy.Ht‘s fmt tkbt tk`y jìhl`rbtìy ih`, tkmuek tkhs tmm gby moour, lut sìa-bfbiyshs hs

quht` jhaahouit fmt tm g`fthmf jbfe`rmus….Ihc` mtk`r butkmr-okbgphmfs…SF`bi`Wbjvmobt`s imfe bfj rhemrmus trbhfhfe p`rhmjs. K` oibhgs tm kbv` stbrt`j whtkmutombokhfe, bfj fmt tm kbv` r`bj b tbli` t`ffhs lmmc. T`rkbps tkbt hs tk` wkmi` bfsw`r tmsuoo`ss…‗ (ZZZ , Gbrok-Bprhi, 285<, :).

Bt tk` Ghjji`s`x Mp`f, I`s Kbsibg, rbfc`j #2 hf tk` Obrhll`bf (E`mre` Lrbtkwbht`

bfj Aubrfbjm \ml`rts br` r`spòthvìy #< bfj #?) wbs ups`t `briy3 tk` _omtthsk #2 Gbiomig_uej`f, wkm imst tm J-N I`` <0-<? hf tk` jòhjhfe ?rj bt tk` ‘18 Jmrtgufj Umrij‘s, w`ftjmwf tm b kbrj rull`r piby`r, K`fry Luhst (’trh`j sbfjwhok lut omuijf‘t a`ì tk` lbii‗)3 bfj

@feihsk Fbthmfbi‘s Zmfy Oibytmf bfj Fhocy Nbrvhs w`r` bism must`j `briy. Uhff`r wbs Ok`st`r Lbrf`s mv`r Zr`vmr Zbyimr. Hf G`f‘s Jmuli`s, Kbsibg/Ghc` Nmkfs cfmoc`j mut Lbrf`s/Zbyimr, lut imst hf tk` ahfbi tm Oibytmf/Iburh` Ibfjry wkm‘j bism wmf tk` Jmuli`s bt tk` Ghjibfj

Mp`f. Umg`f‘s w`ft tm _kìbek K`sshmf mv`r Cbr`fzb Gbtk`ws hf tk` s`gh‘s bfj b guok-hgprmv`j Ihfjb Kmwbrj hf tk` ahfbi.

@bst g`t U`st bebhf, bs wrht`r/khstmrhbf ^j`fcm Pzmrhfbo, b amrg`r XuemsibvHft`rfbthmfbi, tìis us (ZZZ , Nbf.-A`l., 285<, ?, bfj Gbrok-Bprhi, 285<, ?)‚ahrst, wk`f Umrij#2 Okhfb, fm jmult omfshj`rhfe tkbt tk` 285? Umrij‘s whii l` hf _brbn`vm, hfvht`j Xuemsibvhb,Umrij #?, tm piby gbtok`s hf T`chfe, Obftmf, bfj _kbfekbh. Hf T`chfe, tk` l`st Okhf`s` bfj

tk` l`st Xuemsibvs spiht th`s‚wkhi` gmr` tkbf :44,444,444 p`mpi` wbtok`j tk`g piby mf ZQ.Okhfb tk`f s`ft G`f‘s bfj Umg`f‘s Z`bgs tm tkr`` @urmp`bf Mp`fs hf Fmv., 2852.

Ahrst tk`y w`ft tm tk` Xuemsibv Mp`f bt Fmvh _bj, lut, bibs, ha Ih Au-nufe jhj omg` bssok`jui`j, k` jhj fmt gbc` bf busphohmus j`lut bs trbhf`r/ombok. Arbfo` l`bt tk` Okhf`s` g`f3\usshb tk` Okhf`s` wmg`f. _w`j`f‘s Umrij Okbgphmf L`fetssmf wmf tk` G`f‘s mv`r Arbfo`‘s Umrij #2; _òr`thf3 \mgbfhb‘s Umrij #; Bi`xbfjru tk` Umg`f‘s mv`r Kufebry‘s

Umrij #<? Chskbzh, whff`r `brih`r ma tk` @urmp`bf Pfhmf‘s \bfchfe Zmurfbg`ft. Kmw`v`r, bttk` Ar`fok Mp`f hf Tbrhs, Okhfb wmf tk` G`f‘s bfj Umg`f‘s Z`bg‘s. Lut L`fetssmf bebhf l`bt _òr`thf tm tbc` tk` G`f‘s, wkhi` hf tk` bii-Okhfb Umg`f‘s ahfbi Okmu Tbm-okhf jà bt`jOkbfe Ih hf 0.

J`ffhs F`bi`> bt tk` tmp



?40

Zk` _obfjhfbvhbf Mp`f sbw _w`j`f skut mut tk` Okhf`s` hf tk` G`f‘s Z`bg‘s, bfjCnìi Nmkbfssmf whf tk` G`f‘s thti`. Ht wbs guok tm Nmkbfssmf‘s or`jht tkbt, j`spht` kbvhfe l``f ’mut ma trbhfhfe amr gmr` tkbf b gmftk‗ (k`‘j kbj ’smg` chfj ma nbufjho` lut amrtufbtìyròmv`r`j armg ht v`ry smmf‗), k` rbiih`j hf tk` s`gh‘s armg 4-< bfj 28-<4 jmwf tm E`rgbfy‘s@lly _okmì`r, bfj hf tk` ahfbi armg 4-< jmwf tm Okhfb‘s Zhbm U`f-yubf. L`fetssmf wbs

ups`t ly Kufebry‘s ’rìbthvìy hf`xp`rh`fo`j‗ Eblmr E`reìy. Umrij s`ghahfbihst Khs @f-thfew`ft jmwf tm @feibfj‘s F`bi`. Okhfb‘s Ih Okhfe-cubfe wbs l`bt`f ly Xuemsibvhb‘s Cmrpb.L`st hf Umg`f‘s wbs _w`j`f‘s mwf Lhrehttb \bjl`re wkm, tkmuek ’fmt rbfc`j hf tk` tmp 20hf @urmp`,‗ jà`bt`j Kufebry‘s Nujht Gbems hf tk` s`gh‘s bfj Okhfb‘s Ok`fe Kubh-yhfe hf tkàhfbi.

Okhfb piby`j tk`hr l`st g`f‚Ih Okhfe-cubfe, Khs @f-thfe, bfj Ihbfe Cm-ihbfe bt tk`Nbf. <?-<0, 285< \mugbfhbf Mp`f hf Luokbr`st‚lut tk` Xuemsibvs l`bt tk`g hf tk` Z`bg‘s.

Bism, Cbrbcbs`vho, wkm‘j wmf tk` Luiebrhbf Mp`f hf Jò., wbs tk` G`f‘s whff`r mv`r khst`bggbt` _thpbfoho. Zk` Okhf`s` wmg`f tmmc tk` Z`bg‘s, lut imst tk` _hfei`s wk`fBi`xbfjru jmwf`j Ku Xu-ibf.

Kufebry‘s Umrij #24 Nmfy`r kbj wmf tkhs sugg`r‘s @urmp`bf Pfhmf‘s \bfchfe

Zmurfbg`ft, lut bt tk` Mot. Kufebrhbf Mp`f, khs t`bggbt` Cibgpbr kbj l`bt`f khg, 28 hf tk`0tk bat`r l`hfe jmwf <-4. Hf tk` Umg`f‘s, E`rgbfy‘s Umrij #<4 Bef`s _hgmf kbj stmpp`j

\usshb‘s @urmp`bf Okbgphmf \ujfmvb.** Fmw bt tk` ibt` Nbf. Ozòk Mp`f hf Lrbthsimvb,Pzmrhfbo obiis btt`fthmf tm tk` ’abftbstho, xtrbmrjhfbry ahfbi,‗ wmf hf 0 ly Nmkbfssmf mv`r Nmfy`r. ’Omuft`r-bttbocs armg imfe jhstbfo`s bfj armg bii pmshthmfs! Zk` 2044 p`mpi` hf tk`bujh`fo` bppibuj`j amr 24 ghfut`s!‗ Kufebrhbf p`fkmij`r Gbems, Umrij #<5, c`pt up brì`fti`ss bttboc tm jà`bt jà`fj`r Chskbzh wkms` ebg` sk` gust cfmw wìi bfj a`ì v`ryomgamrtbli` pibyhfe.

Bt tk` U`st E`rgbf Mp`f, kmw`v`r, lmtk Chskbzh bfj Gbems imst tm \ujfmvb (Gbemshf tk` ahfbi ma tk` _hfei`s tmm) bs tk` \usshbfs wmf tk` Umg`f‘s Z`bg‘s armg Kufebry. Zk`_w`j`s l`bt tk` Kufebrhbfs hf tk` G`f‘s Z`bg‘s, bfj hf tk` _hfei`s Nmkbfssmf stmpp`j

L`fetssmf hf b strbhekt-ebg` ahfbi.Kmw prmghf`ft

Xuemsibvhb hs hf

@urmp`bf tbli` t`ffhs!Uk`r` hs tk` ’maahohbiomgp`ththmf amr tk` l`st@urmp`bfs,‗ tk` Zmp 2<tmurfbg`ft, l`hfe piby`j= ber`l. Bfj

wkm whii whf tk` G`f‘sbfj tk` $:04 2st prhz`= ^ber`l‘s <<-y`br-mij Bftmf

’Zmvb‗ _thpbfoho, wkms` ;-< (2;-1) ròmrj nust l`btmut L`fetssmf‘s ;-< (21-8). _w`j`f‘s Nmkbfssmfomuijf‘t ahfhsk, obg` jmwf whtk pfùgmfhb, lut, bsk`‘j l`bt`f bii : tmp-rbfc`j Xuemsibvs hf tk` ahìj, b

imobi pbp`r bwbrj`j khg b spòhbi prhz`. Zk` er`btE`rgbf piby`r _okmì`r ahfhsk`j ibst whtk b <-;ròmrj, wmrtk $04. Imr`fz Nbomls`f, wkm wbs bt tkÙ`st E`rgbf Mp`f, bfj ihc`s tm c``p r`bj`rs

285< @urmp` Zmp 2< Uhff`r Bftmf _thpbfohoTkmtm armg @urmp`s 285< Trmerbg



?41

blr`bst ma wkbt rboc`ts tk` wmrij-oibss piby`rs br` ushfe (ZZZ , Gby-Nuf`, 285<, <:) sbhj tkbttkhs s`bsmf _okmì`r ’put 2 gg I-_rhv`r mf khs amr`kbfj shj` Shf pibo` ma 2.< gg BiirmufjWbfj khs jà`fs` kbs y`t tm bjnust ha ht `v`r jm`s.‗

Pzmrhfbo ehv`s us smg` rò`ft lbocermufj mf tk` G`f‘s Okbgphmf>

’_thpbfoho ufj`rw`ft b orhshs bt tk` lèhffhfe ma tk` s`bsmf. K` imst hf briyrmufjs hf `bok hft`rfbthmfbi tmurfbg`ft….K` ebhf`j 24 ce. Bfj b r`bi ‛lìt‘ brmufjkhs stmgbok, wbs v`ry simw bt tk` tbli`, bfj nust jhjf‘t s``g tm l` whiihfe tmwmrc….Bfj tk`f k` r`bihz`j tkbt wkbt k` wbs jmhfe wbs wrmfe, bfj k` stbrt`j tmtrbhf twm thg`s b jby (!). K` lòbg` tkhf ihc` b gbff`quhf, bfj whtk omfthfu`j kbrjwmrc obg` hftm khs l`st amrg.‗

Kufebry‘s L`btrhx Chskbzh wmf tk` Umg`f‘s Zmp 2<bfj $<04 whtk bf bstmufjhfe 22-4 ròmrj. Bi`xbfjru (;-?)wbs <fj. Chskbzh kbs ’smat rull`r mf k`r amr`kbfj shj`, bfj tk`sm-obii`j ‛bfth-tmpsphf‘ rull`r mf k`r lbockbfj, bfj sk` v`ry

whsìy fùtrbihz`s k`r mppmf`ft‘s bttbocs, obushfe er`bt prmli`gs tm bii whtk jhaa`r`ft chfjs ma lbii rmtbthmf.‗ K`r

ombok, amrg`r @urmp`bf Okbgphmf ^mitbf L`rozhc, sbys sk` prbotho`s b imt whtk tk` _theb rmlmt. _m p`mpi` obii k`r tk`’Kufebrhbf gbokhf`.‗

_uok bf bppìibthmf ghekt wìi kbv` l``f Qhotmr Lbrfb‘s. _bj tm r`pmrt tk` er`bt 0-thg` Umrij Okbgphmf,wkms` obr``r H‘v` amiimw`j hf brih`r vmiug`s, jh`j ma k`brt

abhiur` A`l. <5 hf tk` hft`fshv` obr` ufht ma b Ihgb, T`rukmsphtbi.

_@I@OZ@J FMZ@_.*Bs khs arh`fj Xhg E`` tìis us hf b r`g`glrbfo` (P_B

Zbli` Z`ffhs, Nuiy, <44:, <;), Erè _bwhf wbs lmrf b

k`gmpkhihbo‚lut tkbt jhjf‘t stmp khg armg pibyhfe spmrts. ’Mf` jby k` wbs pibyhfe obtokwhtk bfmtk`r chj, tk` rull`r lbii boohj`ftbiiy kht khs iàt y`, bfj vhshmf wbs imst hf tkbt y` amr iha`.‗ Lut k` imv`j Zbli` Z`ffhs, bfj wmuij l` mf` ma tkms` Obihamrfhbfs wkm obg` ormss-omuftry tm Imfe Hsibfj amr tk` 285< P._. Mp`f. Zk`r`, kmw`v`r, gmr` lbj iuoc amr tk` fmw<<-y`br-mij‚’b jms` ma omftbghfbt`j Abotmr ; k` tmmc tm stmp li``jhfe…Sgbj` khgW omg`jmwf whtk K`pbthths O, b jhs`bs` ma tk` ihv`r.‗ _thii, k` w`ft mf tm b suoo`ssaui obr``r bs b

wrht`r bfj `jhtmr, bfj wmuij l` bothv` hf mur _pmrt amr tk` f`xt ?4 y`brs. Uk`f tk` Okhf`s`Z`bg obg` tm tk` P._. amiimwhfe tk` ‛5< P._. Mp`f, Ghc` Er``f` (wkm‘j skmt rmiis ma ahig bt

tk` Fbemyb Umrij‘s, tk`f jupihobt`j bfj smij tk`g) tmmc ahigs ma tk`g pibyhfe tk`hr ibst`xkhlhthmf gbtok`s bt _tbfamrj, bfj tk`s` tmm w`r` jupihobt`j bfj smij‚whtk _bwhf kbfjihfetk` mrj`rs amr Ghc`.

** H cfmw, armg b Fmv. 2?, 2852 i`tt`r Jmue Obrtibfj wrmt` tm b pbst mr pr`s`ft

ehriarh`fj ma \`hsgbf‘s, tkbt k` btt`fj`j tkhs Kufebrhbf Mp`f whtk khs sbvvy arh`fj Bi`x@krihok, tk` abgmus Hft`rfbthmfbi piby`r/ombok. Guok ma tk` i`tt`r kbs tm jm whtk Jmuer`nòthfe mut ma kbfj b Umrj Omft`st bt wkhok k`‘s b gbst`r (’ghiihmfs ma omglhfbthmfs…ht hsfm emmj‗), bfj ma tryhfe tm e`t hfshj` hfamrgbthmf blmut bfmtk`r. K` bfj @krihok br` bism

285< @urmp` Zmp 2< Uhff`r

L`btrhx ChskbzhTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



?45

gbfùv`rhfe tm luy, bs ok`bpiy bs pmsshli` _theb lbts, rull`r, lbiis, bfj tm s`rv` bs bfhft`rg`jhbry hf tk` purokbs` ma b rmlmt. \`hsgbf hs ehv`f er``thfes armg wmrij-abgmusokbgphmfs _hjm bfj Bfjr`bjhs, bfj sygpbtk`thobiiy okbsths`j amr fmt prbothohfe bfj sm imshfetm Bi`x _khrmcy‘s lrmtk`r Omffh` hf H pr`sug` tk` ’rboqu`t ebg`‗‚s`` Bibf Lìi‘s ’Zk`\boc`t Ebg` \boc`t‗ (ZZZ , A`l., 28;2, 20)‚b vbrhbthmf ma piby hf wkhok `bok s`rv`r trh`s tm

whf tk` pmhft, bfj sm c``p s`rvhfe, ly khtthfe tk` kbfji` ma b tbli`j armft-bfj-o`ft`r pibo`jrboqu`t ma khs mppmf`ft, tkus gbchfe b r`turf bigmst hgpmsshli`. Bat`r tìihfe ma Cibgpbr‘swhf mv`r Nmfy`r, Jmue gbc`s tk`s` mls`rvbthmfs>

’_okmì`r imst tm smg` Kufebrhbf nufhmr bat`r l`hfe bk`bj 2?-; hf tk` ahatk. Kìmmc`j thr`j bfj f`rvmus bfj gbj` `rrmrs wkhi` imshfe. H tkhfc k` hs ahfhsk`j fmw. SFmtquht` ahfhsk`j, lut tk` 2852 bfj 8-thg` E`rgbf Oims`j Okbgphmf hs f`v`r bebhf tm whf

tk` Fbthmfbi thti`.W L`fetssmf…wbs l`khfj < tm fmtkhfe tm b Kufebrhbf okmpp`r (Lmrszbh) lut piby`j v`ry wìi tm whf. Zk`f tk` f`xt gbtok k` piby`j Emgmzcmv armg\usshb bfj H ebv` twm tm mf` mf tk` gbtok, tkhfchfe tk` \usshbf, wkm hs fmt tmm emmj,kbj fm okbfo`. Hgbehf` gy surprhs` tm ahfj tkbt tk` \usshbf wmf <2-24, <2-24, <2-8

bfj v`ry thg` k` kht khs lbockbfj ht w`ft tkrmuek L`fetssmf. Kmw iuocy k` S_tìibfWwbs tm whf tk` Umrij‘s. Zkhs hs tk` ibst tmurfbg`ft k` kbs wmf….SZk`W l`st wmgbf

piby`r, tk` mf` @krihok sbys obf l`bt Gbrty bfj Ghi`s, tk` \usshbf \ujfmvb, imst tm bE`rgbf ehri, Bef`s _hgmf, wkmg H obf l`bt `bshiy SJmue hs 0;W.

Bef`s _hgmf vs. Jmue Obrtibfj (\)...Ukm jm ymu ihc`=Armg @urmp`‘s 285< Zmp 2< Trmerbg

Jrbwhfe ma Jmue Obrtibfj ly Brthst/Trma`ssmr Nboc GoIbrty

Jmue hf Abftbsy Ibfj=



?4;

Okbpt`r Zw`fty-Zkr``

285<> J-N I``/U`fjy Khocs P._. Mp`f Okbgps.

Trhmr tm tk` 285<

P._. Mp`f, Ar`jjh`Lmre`s, wkmg H‘v`spmc`f ma hf brih`r vmiug`s bs b arh`fj ma Jhoc Ghi`s bfj bkblhtuè ma Ibwr`fo`‘sLrmbjwby Omurts,

r`spmfj`j tm b LhiiGbri`fs‘ brthoi` (ZZZ ,Nuiy-Bue., 2852, <;) hfwkhok Gbri`fs kbj

`gpkbshz`j tkbt tk`_pmrt ’ar`bc`j‗ wk`f

ht okbfe`j armg’ìèbft‗ kbrj rull`r

piby tm ’vuiebr-sp``jy-sphffy‗ spmfe`. Zbli` Z`ffhs,boomrjhfe tm Lhii, w`ft armg l`hfe b _pmrt amr tk` p`mpi` tm fmw l`hfe b skmrt-rbiiy _pmrt amr tk` ’ah`ro` btki`t`,‗ bfj sm lòbg` ’bfth-smohbi.‗ Ar`jjh` ber``j‚bfj pmhft`j mut tkbt bf’`vhi omfs`qu`fo` ma tk` spmfe` wbs tkbt ht ìhghfbt`j strbtèy bfj gbfùv`rhfe amr pmshthmf.‗

K` sbhj tkbt whtk ’tk` lbii sphffhfe `xo`sshvìy ht hs v`ry kbrj tm c``p tk` lbii hf piby, sm ht lòmg`s fò`ssbry tm piby ròci`ssiy tm somr`. SBfmtk`r wby ma putthfe ht hs tkbt ha ymu piby bskmt pbsshvìy, ymur mppmf`ft whii kbv` tk` bttbochfe bjvbftbe`, bfj sm ymu gust piby

beer`sshvìy v`f ha ymu rhsc imshfe tk` pmhft.W‗Zwm mtk`r r`bj`rs,

r`spmfjhfe mf tk` sbg`

Zmphos pbe` bs Ar`jjh`(Fmv.-Jò., 2852, 2:),ber``j tkbt, bs mf` ma tk`g put ht, ’B imt kbs l``f tbc`fmut ma tk` ebg`.‗ GbffyGmscmwhtz, 28?: P._. Mp`f

Jmuli`s Okbgp whtk _mi_okhaa, wmfj`r`j wkbt whii

kbpp`f tm tk` _pmrt f`xt‚ bf fibre`j tbli`, b lbii whtkstrhp`s= K` sbys, ’H whiiomfthfu` pibyhfe whtk gy :4-

y`br-mij Lbrfb lbt (r`-omv`r`j whtk f`w rull`r)‗ bfj bokh`v` wkbt sbthsabothmf H obf. Nboc ’Lujjy‗ Gìbg`j sbys, ’H tkhfc tkbt spmfe` kbs gbj` b gmoc`ry ma tk` ebg`‚tk` ‛sup`r-jup`r,‘ ‛sphffy-whffy‘ lbt hs rhjhouimus. Zk` jby ma kbvhfe tkbt ‛bii-brmufj‘ schii hs emf`. Zmjbyht‘s wkbg-lbg, tk` pmhft hs mv`r.‗

Abg`j Brthst Eus \`kl`re`rimmchfe bt khs P._. Mp`f

Trmerbg omv`r

Amr b jhsousshmf mf strhp`j lbiis, s`` P_BZZ Gbebzhf , Bprhi/Gby, <44?, 10



?48

Amrg`r P._. Hft`rfbthmfbi Tbuihf` _mgbì sbys, ’H kbv` f`v`r l``f bli` tm ufj`rstbfj

tk` p`mpi` wkm, r`g`gl`rhfe kmw ht UB_, sthii hfshst tkbt FMU hs l`tt`r. Ht hsf‘t.‗ Bfj sk`

bjjs rbtk`r jhsomurbehfeiy (ZZZ , Nbf,-A`l., 285<, ?4)>

’…Ukbt tk` ebg` f``js, bfj biwbys kbs f``j`j, hs gmf`y tmurfbg`fts. Ukbt

ht bism f``js, bfj kbs fmt kbj shfo` Umrij Ubr HH, hs spòtbtmrs, wkhok ht hs ufihcìy tme`t. Ht wbs tmuek `fmuek tm e`t tk`g làmr` spmfe`, lut fmw ht hs prbothobiiy

hgpmsshli`. Zbli` t`ffhs kbs kbrjiy `v`r l``f b spòtbtmr spmrt hf tkhs omuftry. Zk`r`

br` tmm gbfy tkhfes amr p`mpi` tm jm k`r`. Zk` mfiy p`mpi` wkm turf`j mut amr tk`

’Lhe‗ Qbfj`rlhit gbtok w`r` tk` sbg` kufjr`j mr sm wkm kbv` l``f skmwhfe up amr

tk` ibst tw`fty mr tkhrty y`brs…tk` r`bi jh`kbrjs. Fm mf` ìs`. Ha bii tk` f`ws blmut ZZ

bfj Okhfb omuijf‘t lrhfe mut p`mpi` rhekt bt tk` thg` ht kbpp`f`j, wkbt okbfo` jm ymu

tkhfc tk`r` hs tm e`t spòtbtmrs=

H sby amre`t ht. Zkhs hs b piby`r‘s spmrt. _m obt`r tm tk` piby`rs bfj e`t gmr` ma

tk`g ly ehvhfe tk`g gmr`…suok bs $$$$. Uk`r` tk` gmf`y hs tm omg` armg hs, bebhf,

b prmli`g. B prmli`g w` jhjf‘t smiv` hf gy jby wk`f ht wbs b emmj ebg`, sm kmw hs ht

tm l` smiv`j fmw….‗

Amr twm jòbj`s, tk` kbrj rull`r vs. spmfe` breug`ft kbs l``f rbhs`j bfj r`-rbhs`j,

bfj ht whii l` bebhf. K`r`‘s Okbri`s Lbiibrj (ZZZ , Gbr.-Bpr., 285<, ;) whtk khs sihektiy jhaa`r`ft

tbc` mf tk` omftrmv`rsy>

’…Zk` bfth-spmfe` amro`s br` amr`v`r tbichfe ma tk` eibgmur bfj erbo` ma tk`

mij-styi` ebg`, lut H jmf‘t tkhfc tkhs hs wkbt tk`y br` r`biiy ghsshfe. Ukbt tk`y ghss hs

tkbt spòhbi smg`tkhfe, tkbt ‛okbrhsgb,‘ wkhok wbs p`rkbps pbrt ma tk` p`rsmfbihth`s ma b

er`bt`r p`ro`ftbe` ma tk` mij thg`rs. H bjght tk` ufamrtufbt` t`fj`foy ma tmjby‘s

piby`rs tm lòmg` erhg tòkfhohbfs, lut tkbt hs b t`fj`foy wkhok skmuij l` okòc`jwhtkhf bok piby`r‘s k`brt, bfj wkhok obffmt l` omftrmii`j g`rìy ly imfehfe amr b

r`turf tm bf mutjbt`j styi` ma piby.‗

Gbi \ussìi, wkmg r`bj`rs ma Qmi. HQ whii r`g`gl`r amr jmhfe tkms` wmfj`raui

obrhobtur`s ma tk` j`fhz`fs ma Lmlly Eushcmaa‘s F`w Xmrc Oiul, hf bf Mp`f I`tt`r tm Lmre`s

(ZZZ , Gbrok-Bprhi, 285<, ;), aìt tkbt Gbri`fs‘ ’_p``jy _phffy‗ bppih`s tm tmjby‘s Zbli`

Z`ffhs‚bfj gmr`. Ht s``gs tm Gbi tkbt ’mur `fthr` wmrij kbs emf` ‛_p``jy _phffy,‘‗ bfj tkbt

Gbri`fs‘ ’prmt`st hs tkbt ma tk` ràiòthv` gbf‘s strueei` bebhfst b smrt ma `fji`ss tòkfhobi sìa-

hfjuie`fo` tkbt kbs j`strmy`j tk` ebg` w` SLmre`s bfj \ussìiW lmtk imv`j bfj hs fmw

j`strmyhfe smoh`ty.‗

\uaamrj Kbrrhsmf whii ibt`r wrht` tkbt @feibfj‘s Hft`rfbthmfbi Oiul (’g`gl`rskhp hs

ihght`j tm tkms` wkm kbv` r`pr`s`ft`j @feibfj‗) kìj b kbrj-rull`r tmurfbg`ft‚wmf ly

J`fhs F`bi` mv`r _tbf Nbomlsmf ’wkmg w` hgpmrt`j hf 281? tm skmw us kmw tm immp.‗ Zkus,

bjjs \uaamrj, ’strmc`s whtk mf` typ` ma surabo` `vhj`ftiy jmf‘t ruhf tkms` whtk tk` mtk`r‗‚b

omfoiushmf tkbt‘s b kbrlhfe`r ma tk` ghx`j rboc`t piby tm omg` hf tk` f`w ghii`ffhug wk`f

`v`f smg` tmp piby`rs ghekt mf tk` sbg` jby piby hf lmtk spmfe` bfj kbrjlbt `v`fts. Zkhs

tkmuekt lrhfes g` lboc tm Lmre`s bfj tk` 285< P._. Mp`f.



?24

_bys Ar`jjh`>

’…Zmjby, bt bfy gbnmr tmurfbg`ft, mf` ahfjs b

guithtuj` ma `v`fts. _mg`thg`s ht‘s rhjhouimus‚fmt mfiys`pbrbt` v`fts amr s`fhmrs, nufhmrs, lmys bfj ehris ma bii be`s,

vbrhmus chfjs ma jmuli`s, lut bism Oibss B, Oibss L, Oibss O,Oibss J, bfj Fmvho` v`fts.Obf‘t tk`y spbr` mf` ihtti` `v`ft amr tkms` wkm wmuij

ihc` tm piby tk` er`bt ebg` ma (rull`r) tbli` t`ffhs=…‗

Zk` 285< P._. Mp`f, kìj Gbr. 25-28 bt KmastrbPfhv`rshty, K`gpst`bj, Imfe Hsibfj (Zmphos wrht`-ups lèhf mfGby-Nuf`, 285<, _òthmf 2 omv`r), a`btur`j ?; `v`fts, hfoiujhfeb f`w ’Q`t`rbf‘s‗ amr tkms 54 bfj mv`r. Fm, Ar`jjh , tk`r`‘s fmKbrjlbt `v`ft…y`t. (Ht‘ii l` b wkhi`.) Lut H suppms` ymu bfj

kmw gbfy mtk`rs jhj tbc` bjvbftbe` ma \`hsgbf‘s bj hf Zmphos

urehfe mf` bfj bii tm omg` tm khs Lrmbjwby bfj 81tk

_t. pibo` làmr` tk` Fbthmfbi‘s> ’$2.<0 p`r kmur p`r piby`r. Umrcmut_`sshmfs Uhtk Gbrty \`hsgbf, Ombokhfe Bvbhibli`.‗

Tiby bt tk` Pfhv`rshty‘s Tkyshobi Ahtf`ss O`ft`r wbs mf J`trmht`r B tbli`s (tk` IHZZB lmuekt :4 ma tk`g bt b jìhv`r`j omst ma $00.5? b tbli`), bfj kmpàuiiy ly tmurf`y‘s `fj tk`s`

wmuij kbv` l``f smij (amr $14 bphò`). _mi _okhaa prmvhj`j Kbffm lbiis. Lhe xp`fs`s w`r`$<,<04 hf prhz` gmf`y‚ht wbs tk` ahrst thg` prhz` gmf`y kbj `v`r l``f ehv`f mut bt b P._.Mp`f‚bfj $2,444 amr trmpkh`s. Bgmfe mtk`r `xp`fs`s wbs tk` f``j amr b ihght`j fugl`r ma kmtì rmmgs, bfj amr <,444 (fmt tk` 0,444 prhft`j) P._. Mp`f Trmerbgs. (Zkhs Trmerbg,`jht`j ly Jbffy Ebfz, wbs v`ry wìi jmf`, bfj wmuij l` b omiiòtmr‘s ht`g, pbrthouibriy amr htsjrbwhfes ly Eustbv \`kl`re`r. Eus, mf gbchfe b _ufjby `v`fhfe bpp`brbfo` whtk b a`w

tkmusbfj mtk`r abfs, wbs ehv`f b stbfjhfe mvbthmf.)Zk` IHZZB pbhj $2,044 tm r`ft tk` Kmastrb Q`fu` bfj bfmtk`r $<880.?; amr Q`fu`

_`rvho`s (tk` ibre`st ht`g l`hfe tk` $2?08.04 amr _òurhty). @ftry a``s w`r` sbhj tm lrhfe hfblmut $24,444. (Zk`r` w`r` <2:; omglhf`j `ftrh`s tkbt bt $.04 `bok tmtbi`j $2,45: amr tk`P_BZZ Hft`rfbthmfbi Z`bg Aufj.) Zk` Ebt` _bi` (Gmrt ^bcbrhf/Nui`s \blhf jhj b emmj nml mfTuliho \ìbthmfs) wbs r`pmrt`jiy blmut $0,444, lut, boomrjhfe tm tk` omftrbot, Kmastrb wbs

`fthti`j tm 20% ma tk` r`v`fu` tk` IHZZB rò`hv`j blmv` $?044 sm imfe bs tk` r`ftbi a`` bfj`xp`fs`s jhjf‘t `xo``j $:?44 (smg` p`ro`ftbe` gmjhahobthmf wbs tk`ràmr`fò`ssbry). Bii hf bii, wkbt whtk b Ahfbisthoc`t sìihfe amr $0 (ymu‘j smmf l` bli`

tm s`` tk` tmurhfe Okhf`s` bt Omlm Kbiiamr $?), tk` IHZZB wmuij kbv` b f`t prmaht armg tk` tmurfbg`ft ma blmut$;44‚tkhs, j`spht` tk` P_ZZB ’tbx‗ mr _bfothmf A``, i`ss b $<44 pbrtybiimwbfo`, tkbt bgmuft`j tm b wkmpphfe$2,8:8.;;. Zk` pbrty, ly tk` wby, whii

turf mut tm l` er`bt‚tk` ihv` lbfj

Ar`jjh` Lmre`s wbfts b Kbrjlbt

`v`ft bt tk` 285< P._. Mp`f

Fhektoiul bot> Gbehohbf Jbffy Ebfz bfj jbuekt`r _bfjyTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



?22

hfjuohfe/s`juohfe omupi`s tm jbfo` (Lhii _kbrp` wbs suok boibssy jbfo`r k` wbs bwbrj`j b lmtti` ma okbgpbef`=), bfjJbffy Ebfz tbchfe b wìi-j`s`rv`j lmw amr kmsthfe b auf vbrh`tyaimmrskmw.

Bfy ma tk` f`br 544

piby`rs ihst`j hf tk Trmerbg(5<4 botubiiy skmw`j=) omuij`ft`r bs gbfy bs 1 `v`fts, lut,ha sm, tk`y w`r` bsc`j tm ihsttk`hr v`fts hf prà`r`fthbi mrj`r hf obs` Zmurfbg`ft Okbhr JbvÒmx, Zmurfbg`ft Jhròtmr Jr.

Ghtok _hil`rt, bfj IHZZB Q-TOkrhs _okimtt`rkbus f abo`j tmmkue` bf `ftry, bfj kbj tm out lboc mf tk` mrhehfbi biimtg`ft

ma v`fts. _``j`j piby`rs omuij`ft`r B Jmuli`s, lut mfiy whtk

b Nufhmr bfj mfiy ha tk`ywmuijf‘t kbv` l``f s``j`j mr pibo`j hf Mp`f Jmuli`s. Zk`r`w`r` s`pbrbt` Oibss B `v`fts amr g`f bfj wmg`f, lut OibssL wbs mp`f tm `htk`r s`x. (Zkmuek piby`rs wbft`j gmr`

bipkbl`thobi oibss s jmwf tk` ihf`, tk`r` wmuijf‘t l` b Oibss O hf tk` P._. Mp`f ufthi 285:wk`f wmrij-oibss Hft`rfbthmfbis lèbf omghfe armg blrmbj.) Be` ihghts> bs ma Nuiy 2st. @bok

piby`r kbj tm pby bf ugphr ‘s a`` ($2 amr bok _hfei`s `v`ft, $.04 amr bok Jmuli`s `v`ft). Ha ymu imst b gbtok, ymu stby`j bt tk` tbli` tm ugphr`, ìs` ymu amra`ht`j ymur ugphr`‘s a`` tm bvmiuft``r. Bii piby`rs rò`hv`j gbtok-sok`jui` obrjs amr _hfei`s piby (skmwhfe pibyhfe thg`s

bfj tbli` fugl`rs bt i`bst tm tk` qubrt`r‘s), bfj, bs tk`s` gbtok`s wmuijf‘t l` obii`j mv`r bimujsp`bc`r, ha ymu jhjf‘t skmw up mf thg`, ymu‘j l` jàbuit`j.

\`bjy=

Zk` piby`rs br`, bfj omfthfu` tm l`. Lut, bs Ar`j Jbff`r j`sorhl`s ht (ZZZ , Gby-Nuf`,285<, <;3 ?4), Mp`rbthmfs Aimmr Gbfbe`rs whii ruf hftm trmuli` _bturjby wk`f imfe ?-mut-ma-0gbtok`s br` pibyhfe kbvmo whtk tk` thg` sok`jui`s, tkus obushfe bf hfor`bshfe fugl`r ma gbtok`s tm l` limoc`j mut…tkmuek fmt armg vbrhmus piby`rs‘ omfsohmusf`ss. Jbff`r jrbgbthobiiy j`sorhl`s tk` omftrmi syst`g lr`bchfe jmwf bfj tbli` obpbohty erbjubiiy piugg`thfe tm ?4%. Bk, lut whtk tk` boquh`so`fo` ma \à`r`` Oyrhi I`j`rgbf, b lbhimut

prmo`jur` whii wmrc, ss`fthbiiy ly skmrt`fhfe, bt i`bst tm tk` s`gh‘s, b emmj gbfy jmuli`sgbtok`s armg tk` r`quhsht` ?-mut-ma-0 tm <-mut-ma-? ebg`s. _mrry, lut ymu obf s`` wkbt b lhe

jhaa`r`fo` tkhs gbc`s `v`f hf mf` `v`ft wk`f ymu omfshj`r tk`r` br` ;: pbhrs hf G`f‘sJmuli`s, 22; pbhrs hf B Jmuli`s, bfj 2?; pbhrs hf L Jmuli`s!

Birhekt, bothmf!

Umg`f‘s/Ehri‘s

Pfkbpphiy amr tk` spòtbtmrs (tk`y pbhj $24 amr bf bii-s`sshmf thoc`t), tk`r` wbssobroìy bf hft`r`sthfe Umg`f‘s gbtok. Hf tk` `hektk‘s, Qhmi`ttb F`sucbhths imst b ebg` tm_kbzzh Aìst`hf, bfj Biho` Er``f, jmwf 2<-<4 hf tk` ?rj tm Mieb _mit`sz, obg` bii tk` wby lboc

Fhektoiul bot> Aubrfbjm\ml`rts‘s ’Ahr` Jbfo`‗

Zmurfbg`ft Jhròtmr

Jr. Ghtok _hil`rt



?2<

tm whf ht, bfj, bs Cbtky _okìt`gb sbhj hf k`r wrht`-up, ’obg` maa omurt whtk ’b aiyhfe i`bp hftmk`r jbj‘s brgs.‗ Ma omurs` ht wbsf‘t tkbt `xohthfe lòbus` Er``f kbj l``f up <-4. _thii, shfo`,boomrjhfe tm omiugfhst I`mfbrj Iymfs hf tk` F.X. Tmst , ahiggbc`r Nmkf Obssbv`t`s wbfts ’bThfe Tmfe so`f`‗ hf khs f`w ahig bfj kbs obst Biho` amr ht, gbyl` sk` wbs prbothohfe l`hfe

whijiy `xul`rbft= Lut, bat`r bjvbfohfe mv`r Mieb, l`st Biho` omuij jm wbs skmw smg` sihektìbthmf mf whffhfe nust tk` mf` ebg` armg U`fjy Khocs.

Zk` Umg`f‘s r`suits skmw tkbt hf tk` ibst 20 gbtok`s, 2? ma tk`g w`r` wmf ?-4 bfjtk` mtk`r twm ?-2. Tbtty Obsk, wkm 24, 28, 20 omfvhfohfeiy stmpp`j Jà`fjhfe Okbgp Omffh`_w``rhs‘s tkr`bt, omuij omft`st mfiy tk` <fj ebg` bebhfst U`fjy, bfj Bfeìhtb \msbi bfj Nujy

Lmok`fsch gbfbe`j lut bf `glbrrbsshfe <8 bfj ?< pmhfts, r`spòthvìy, bebhfst F`sucbhths(Bfeh` tryhfe quht` authiìy tm e`t hf tk` @xp`jht` \ui`).

Qhmi`ttb kbj wmf tkhs Umg`f‘s Okbgphmfskhp hf 2811, ‘1;, bfj, ‛54‚sm ht wbs k`r turf tm whf bebhf, wbs ht= U`fjy, tkmuek, kbj imst tkbt chii`r jùo`-hf-tk`-0tk ahfbi tm _w``rhsibst y`br bfj, bfj ehv`f bfmtk`r mppmrtufhty, wbs prhg`j tm s`hz` tk` jby. ’U`fjy okmpp`j,tk`f immp`j bfj tmpp`j, tk`f sgbsk`j tk` ‛rhekt‘ mf`s,‗ sbhj r`pmrt`r _okìt`gb. Qhmi`ttb ma omurs` ’omfshst`ftiy okmpp`j tk` lbii lboc whtk k`r bfth-tmpsphf-mf-mf`-shj` rboc`t bfj

moobshmfbiiy omftrhlut j b sgbsk ma k`r mwf. Gbfy ormwj-pi`bshfe pmhfts r`suit j wk`f

U`fjy whfs P._. Mp`f

armg Qhmi`ttbTkmtm ly Lhii _okìt`gb


Tkmtm ly Lhii _okìt`gb U`fjy glrbo`s suppmrt`r Lmlly Eushcmaa



?2?

U`fjy gbfbe`j r`turfs ma tk`s` sgbsk`s, tk`f `xòut`j b sujj`f omuft`r bfj amro`j Qhmi`ttb lboc tm jà`fs`.‗

Ht wbsf‘t guok ma b gbtok amr tk` bujh`fo` tm r`g`gl`r, tkmuek, lòbus` U`fjy, up<2-20, <2-21, bfj <4-21 hf tk` 0tk, ebv` us mfiy mf` thfeiy gmg`ft‚wk`f hf tkbt ibst ebg` btgbtok pmhft sk` ’ghss`j b sgbsk bfj Qhmi`ttb emt bf `je`.‗ Uk`rùpmf, up <4-2;, U`fjy

mpt`j amr b pimy sk`‘j us`j làmr`‚sk` ’tmmc b st`p armg tk` tbli` bfj ufjhj k`r pmfytbhi.‗Kbjf‘t Jìi _w``rhs jurhfe b strbtèy s`sshmf bt mf` ma khs oihfhos sbhj, ’Ha ymu `v`r a`ìymursìa imshfe uffò`ssbry pmhfts, em tm ymur tmwì, whp` maa tk` tbli`, th` ymur skm`‚bfytkhfetkbt whii ehv` ymu b okbfo` tm omiiòt ymur tkmuekts bfj pr`pbr` ymursìa tm omg` mut ahekthfebebhf.‗ _m U`fjy r`th`j k`r kbhr, s`rv`j, Qhmi`ttb okmpp`j b r`turf‚bfj U`fjy tmpp`j hf bf `je` lbii. Mk, lmy, ’sghi s, chss`s, b ehebftho shiv r oup‗‚bfj $044 amr whffhfe tk` Okbgphmfskhp!

Mtk`r Umg`f‘s gbtok`s> Umg`f‘s Jmuli`s (<4 pbhrs)> F`sucbhths/Gbrhbff Jmgmfcms

25, <2 hf tk` s`gh‘s mv`r Jà`fjhfe Okbgps Khocs/_w``rhs, bfj 2; hf tk` :tk hf tk` ahfbi mv`r Obsk/Lmok`fsch. Ghx`j Jmuli`s> @rrmi Ob`tbfm/F`sucbhths 28-hf-tk`-:tk mv`r J-N I``/TbtKhij`lrbfj wkm‘j must`j Jà`fjhfe Okbgps Jìi bfj Omffh` _w``rhs, <4, 28. Hf brih`r gbtok`s ma fmt`, Zhg Lmeebf/Obsk jà`bt`j Nmmfe Ehi Tbrc/Lmok`fsch, 2; hf tk` ?rj, bfj

Aubrfbjm \ml`rts/Er``f jà`bt`j Ei`ff Omwbf/Lbrlbrb Cbghfscy, 28 hf tk` ?rj

. Umg`f‘sOmfsmibthmf> Ohfjy Ommp`r mv`r Tè Jbiy. Umg`f‘s B‘s> _kbzzh Aìst`hf mv`r @ish` _phffhfe,

hf :, bat`r whffhfe b swhfe <?-<2 ebg`. Ghx`j B Jmuli`s> Jbffy _``ghii`r/_u` Khij`lrbfjmv`r T`t`r _t`pk`fs/Gbreu`rht` Lurf`tt.

Ehri‘s gbtok`s> P-25‘s (<< `ftrh`s)> Lmok`fsch mv`r L`v K`ss(wkm‘j rbiih`j armg <-4 jmwf tm l`bt _phffhfe), tk`f, hf tk` ahfbi,mv`r Bfeh` \msbi wkmg _okìt`gb sbhj wbs ’zmwhfe tk` euys whtkk`r purpi` ghfhjr`ss bfj kmt pbfts.‗ P-25 Ehris Jmuli`s> Ommp`r/_phffhfe (hf tk`hr mfiy gbtok) mv`r Lmok`fsch/N`bf Qbrc`r. P-20>Ru`lò‘s Jmgmfcms mv`r Jhbfb Gy`rs, jùo` hf tk` :tk. Ehris P-2?. Zmrmftm‘s Lhrutb Tiuobs

mv`r Gy`rs. (Zwm jhsbppmhfthfe imss`s amr Jhbfb, lut k`r 0-ebg whf hf tk Umg`f‘s mv`r Khij`lrbfj kìp`j k`r tm rò`hv` tk` ’Gmst Trmghshfe Nufhmr Bwbrj‗ bfj $<4.)

Umg`f‘s Omfsmibthmf

Uhff`r Ohfjy Ommp`rTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf

Umg`f‘s B Uhff`r

_kbzzh Aìst`hf

Gmst Trmghshfe Nufhmr

Ehri Jhbfb Gy`rsTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf

^mwh`! Turpi` ghfh-jr`ss

bfj kmt pbfts.Tkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



?2:

Nufhmr‘s/Lmy‘s

\`bjy amr \mf _khri`y‘s boomuft ma tk` Nufhmr‘s/Lmy‘s piby= Hf tk` P-2?‘s, Ghc`_t`rf, bir`bjy tk` P-22 whff`r mv`r Tkhi Thffìi, cfmoc`j maa Gurrby Cuti`r bfj \ml`rt Fmok`fsmf, tk`f pr`vbhi j mv`r tmp-s``j`j Zhggy Kmus` hf tk` ahfbi hf 0.

Mfiy mf` Obfbjhbf hf tk` ?5-y`br khstmry ma tk` P._. Mp`f Lmys P-2:/20 `v`ft,

Gmftr`bi‘s L`rfh` _hihomaa hf 28:8, kbj wmf tk` thti`. Lut Zmrmftm‘s 2:-y`br-mij Tbui Ci`vhfbs,bat`r tbchfe tk` c`y ?rj bt jùo`, jmwf`j \hoc \ugli` hf 0 hf tk` s`gh‘s, tk`f, whffhfe rbtk`r `bshiy hf :, bebhf j`fh`j #2 s``j Ghc` Q`hii`tt`, ibst y`br‘s ruff`r-up tm Nmkf Ruhoc, tkÒkbgphmfskhp.

Hf tk` P-25‘s, Ruhoc imst `briy hf 0 (jrmpphfe < ma ? jùo` ebg`s) tm Thttslurek‘s Lhii^bt`c wkm tk`f w`ft jmwf jmohiìy hf tk` qubrt`r‘s tm tk` #2 s``j, Obihamrfhbf \by Euhii`f(’Zkhs tmurfbg`ft,‗ \by tìis b Imfe Hsibfj r`pmrt`r, ’whii j`t`rghf` wk`tk`r H whii omfthfu`

tm piby. Ha H whf, H‘ii l` tk` P._. Nufhmr Okbgp. Ha ymu‘r` #< ymu obf‘t em bfywk`r`.‗) Lmtk hftk` shxt``ftk‘s bfj tk` `hektk‘s, \by kbj l``f ghekthiy pr`ss`j. Ahrst, Gmftr`bi‘s Nboqu`sLml`t jr`w 21-25 p`rhimusiy oims` tm khg hf tk` 0tk, tk`f Nàa Nbrvìb kbj khg jmwf 2-4 bfj btjùo` hf tk` <fj làmr` tk` gbtok turf`j‚Nàa putthfe b lbockbfj hftm tk` f`t, tk`f f`rvmusiy

puskhfe mf` imfe. \by‘s whfs lrmuekt khg tm Jbffy _``ghii`r wkm hf tk` 2st

stbrt`j skbchiy>’s`rv`j ? thg`s maa tk` `fj bfj kbj omfshj`rbli` jhaahouity limochfe Euhii`f‘s immps.‗ Lut tk`f

tk` gmg`ftug skhat`j, _``ghii`r wmf tk` <fj bfj ?rj ebg`s, bfj tkmuek \by rbiih`j hf tk` :tk

armg 2-5 jmwf tm 22-2:, k` tk`f ’ghss`j ? strbhekt s`rv` r`turfs‗ bfj tkbt wbs tk` `fj ma khg.

Ci`vhfbs, immchfe tm lòmg` tk` ahrstObfbjhbf `v`r tm whf tk` P._. Mp`f Nufhmr‘s,kbj tm wmrc tm r`bok tk` ahfbi. Hf tk` qubrt`r‘s

k` wbs jmwf <-4 tm \ugli` làmr` omghfe lboc tm whf b 28-hf-tk`-0tk tkrhii`r3 bfj hf tk`s`gh‘s, k` erhtthiy 28, -2;, <4, 2? emt tk` l`tt`r

ma Q`hii`tt`. _khri`y wrht`s tkbt Tbui ’biwbysbpp`brs tm piby b ebg` ma omfshst`foy‚nustwbhthfe pbth`ftiy amr khs mppmf`ft tm ghss. K`

omv`rs tk` tbli` `xtr`gìy wìi bfj rbrìy kbs b lbii kht tkrmuek khg. Pfhqu`, tmm, hs khs kblhtma ushfe tk` s`rv` tm nust put tk` lbii hftm piby‚fmt tm whf pmhfts‚mr sm ht s``gs.‗

Kmw`v`r, mf` skmuijf‘t e`t tk` hj`btkbt Ci`vhfbs obf‘t ghx ht up beer`sshvìy. Hf

khs ahfbi whtk _``ghii`r, Tbui wbs up 2-4 bfj bt28-bii wk`f tk` piby`rs ’`xokbfe`j 2< jrhv`s

`bok làmr` Ci`vhfbs amro`j bf `rrmr.‗ Zk`f,bat`r Jbffy immp`j mf` hf tm jùo` ht, tk` lmys piby`j wkbt \mf obii`j ’prmlbliy tk` imfe`sttmpsphf pmhft ma tk` P._. Mp`f. Ht tmmc

_``ghii`r fm i`ss tkbf 28 omuft`r-jrhv`s tm whftk` pmhft!‗ Ahfbiiy, Jbffy sgbsk`j mf`, Tbui‘s imll`j r`turf w`ft imfe, bfj tk` gbtok wbsth`j. Lut fmt amr imfe. Jbffy wbsf‘t hf ht hf tk` ?rj, bfj, tkmuek k` wbs up 24-1 hf tk` :tk, k`sujj`fiy ’omuijf‘t luy b pmhft,‗ bfj, mfo` kbvhfe ’imst tk` i`bj…f`v`r wbs tm rèbhf ht.‗

Tbui Ci`vhfbs (I), P._. P-20, P-25 Okbgphmf

whtk P-25 \uff`r-up Jbffy _``ghii`rTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



?20

\`suits ma mtk`r Nufhmr‘s/Lmy‘s `v`fts> Lmys P-25 Jmuli`s>Euhii`f/@rho Zkmg mv`r Bfjy Bfvìt bfj Xu Nhf Tbc (wkm f`xtgmftk, wk`f tk` Okhf`s` ’Thfe-Tmfe Jhpimgboy Z`bg‗ brrhv`j hfGmftr`bi, wmuij rò`hv` tk` ’Gmst Hgprmv`j Nufhmr Bwbrj‗‚whtk tk` pr`s`ft`r l`hfeOkubfe Zs`-tufe khgsìa). P-25 Ghx`j Jmuli`s> Euhii`f/Nujy Lmok`fsch‚hf tk` s`gh‘s mv`r

Ruhoc/@ish` _phffhfe,-28, 28, 5, bfj hf tk` ahfbi Q`hii`tt`/L`v K`ss (bat`r l`hfe jmwf <-2 bfjwhffhfe tk` :tk bfj 0tk ebg`s bt 28). Lmys P-20 Jmuli`s> Q`hii`tt`/\ugli` mv`r Gburho`

Kuft`r/N aa Nbrvìb. Lmys P-2? Jmuli`s> Kmus`/_omtt Lmeebf mv`r _t`rf/Fmok`fsmf. Nufhmr Omfsmibthmf> \mj Xmufe mv`r Nboqu`s Lml`t. Tbr`ft-Okhij Jmuli`s (04 pbhrs)> I`ffy/EbryBjìgbf mv`r Zhg/_omtt Lmeebf.

B‘s/Uk` iokbhr/Mtk`r @v`fts

H‘ii ma omurs` e`t tm tk` G`f‘s gbtok`s, lut, ahrst, tk` bs y`t ufr`pmrt`j mf mtk`r `v`fts, pbrthouibriy tk` G`f‘s B‘s bfj tk` Uk` iokbhr piby (ZZZ , Gby-Nuf`, 285<, ?). Qho Ibfjbu, wkm jhjtk` B omv`rbe`, fmt`s tkbt, whtk ’mv`r <44 piby`rs,‗ ht kbj tm l` tk` ’strmfe`st P._. B tmurfbg`ft

_omtt Lmeebf, Pfj`r 2? Jmuli`s OkbgpTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf

Tbr`ft/Okhij Jmuli s Uhff`rs I`ffy bfj Ebry Bj igbfTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf

Nufhmr Ghx`j Jmuli`s Uhff`rs, I-\> Nujy Lmok`fsch/\by Euhii`f bfj

\uff`r-ups Ghc` Q`hii`tt`/L`v K`ssTkmtm ly Lhii _okìt`gb

\mj Xmufe, Nufhmr

Omfsmibthmf Uhff`rTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



?21

`v`r omft`st`j.‗ Bfj, surprhs`, bf ufcfmwf tm gmst,^mitbf Tbtbcy, ’b rò`ft `gherbft tm Qbfomuv`r, Obfbjb,‗wmf ht. ’Bitkmuek ufs``j`j bfj ufpibo`j, bfj, armgwkbt tk` Zmphos jhtmr tìis g`, ufpkmtmerbpk`j, k` prmv`j tm l` tk` oibss ma tk` ah ij‗‚wkhok hs fmt, bat r bii,

tkbt surprhshfe wk`f ymu ahfj mut k`‘j l``f mf ’tk`Kufebrhbf Nufhmr Z`bg, bimfe whtk Nmfy`r bfj Cibgpbr.‗Hf tk` tmp kbia ma tk` Jrbw, #2 s``j Jbv` Tkhihp

imst hf tk` qubrt`r‘s hf : tm Qho Ibfjbu wkm‘j wmf tk`c`y mp`fhfe ebg`s <0-<? bfj <?-<2. Qho tk`f w`ft mf tmTbtbcy, spiht tk` ahrst twm ufomft`st`j ebg`s whtk khg,tk`f gmv`j hftm tk` ghj-ebg` ?rj>

’Ibfjbu kbj bjnust`j pr`tty wìi tm Tbtbcy‘s Cibgpbr-ihc` (shj`sphf immp)styi`. Bfj fmw tk`r` w`r` gbfy imfe omuft`r-jrhv` rbiih`s, hft`rsp`rs`j whtk vbrhmusimmp jrhv`s bfj imfe iml r`turfs.

Zk` tkhrj ebg` wbs j`bj-`v`f bt 20-bii wk`f Ibfjbu ushfe khs immp tm hts auii pmt`fthbi, amro`j Tbtbcy lboc tm tk` lbrrh`r. Bt wkhok pmhft tk` F`w Xmrc`r chii`j mf`

bat`r bfmtk`r. Lut Tbtbcy, jhvhfe armg iàt tm rhekt, gbj` s`v`rbi s`fsbthmfbi iml r`turfsbfj Ibfjbu li`w tk` pmhft.‗

Ht wmuij s``g tkbt bat`r tk` f`xt pmhft wbs ’b obrlmfompy‗ ma tk` pr`vhmus mf`, bfj Tbtbcy tk`f rbf tk` ebg` tm <4-20, Ibfjbu wbs imst. Lut k` rbiih`j tm <4-28…làmr` ^mitbf

’wkhri`j hf mf` ma khs sup`r immps.‗ Hf tk` :tk, bat`r pibyhfe ’j`bj`v`f up tkrmuek tk` ghjji` ebg`,‗ Tbtbcy ahfhsk`j whtk ’b s`rh`sma er`bt r`trh`v`s‗ bfj wmf tk` jby.

Hf tk` lmttmg kbia ma tk` Jrbw, Lhii I`sf`r jà`bt`j BibfLìi 2:, -21, 28, -<1, 2<, wkhi` `x-@stmfhbf I`g Cuusc obg` lboc armg twm ebg`s jmwf tm ìhghfbt Gmftr`bi‘s \mj Xmufe. I`sf`r

tk`f stmpp`j Cuusc, 25, 2;, -<:, <2. G`bfwkhi`, Jbffy _``ghii`r,wkm‘j l``f jmwf <-2 tm Gbroy Gmfbst`rhbi, bjvbfo`j pbst Kmwh`

Ermssgbf tm whf b lruhshfe s`gh‘s 25, -28, -20, <?, 21 armg I`sf`r. ’Amr b thg` tk` lhe immp`r bfjkhtt`r orbsk`j tkrmuek _``ghii`r‘s st`bjy limoc bfj pusk ebg`,‗ lut tk`f k` ’lèbf tm rusk bfjmv`rkht khs skmts.‗

Hf tk` ahfbi, Tbtbcy

<4, 21, 28 twho` put jmwf_``ghii`r‘s okbii`fe bfj

sm, hf bii, k`‘ii em lboc tmL.O. b wmrtky whff`r.Kmw`v`r, fm jmult w` hftk` _tbt`s whii s`` khg

bebhf, bfj, bs Qho sbys,’f`xt thg`, bt i`bst w`‘iikbv` smg` chfj ma photur`ma khg.‗

Qho IbfjbuTkmtm ly

_t`v` Cbzbc

I`g Cuusc Tkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf

^mitbf Tbtbcy (I) `frmut` tm whffhfe tk` B‘s armg Jbffy _``ghii`r




?25

Bs gbfy ma tk` <? Uk`ìokbhr piby`rs ft`r`j w`r` bism ufcfmwf, Jbv` I`vy hf khsZmphos wrht`-up jhj khs l`st tm boqubhft us whtk tk`g bfj wkbt oibss tk`y usubiiy omgp`t`j hf>Oibss HHH hs tk` i`bst jhsbli`j obtèmry, Oibss HH ghj rbfe` (typhobi pmst pmihm), Oibss H hs khek pbrbpièhb whtk fm bljmghfbi gusoi`s3 Oibss HB bfj HL br qubjrhpièho btki`t`s (gusoi`w`bcf`ss hf brgs bfj iès). Kmw`v`r, bshj` armg b Rubjrhpièho _hfei`s, bfj b Oibss B (amr

ufs``j`j piby`rs), tk`r` w`r` fm r`strhothmfs mf wkm piby`j hf Mp`f G`f‘s bfj Umg`f‘s_hfei`s bfj Jmuli`s.\`suits ma tk` rmufj rmlhf Uk`ìokbhr Umg`f‘s Mp`f> 2. \utk Lrm`gg`r (Gbfkbssbt,

Imfe Hsibfj). <. Lbrlbrb Qìbrjh (Fmrrhstmwf, TB). ?. Gbrhbf J`sgmfj (\mocy Khii, OZ). :.\ml`rtb Ubht`s (C`w Ebrj`fs, FX).

Hf tkÙk`ìokbhr

G`f‘s Mp`f, mfmf` shj` ma tk`Jrbw, Ghc`J`gps`y, HHH,

`bshiy r`bok`jtk` ahfbis. K`

l`bt ’\miihfe\mugbfhbf‗_tà Aimr`sou,tk`fT`ffsyivbfhb‘s:tk s``j Nhg

T`tht (HH) wkm‘jkbj tm em 0 tme`t ly Ghbgh

bttmrf`y _bgAi`tok`r. _bg, ht‘s sbhj, prbotho`s bt thg`s whtk T`t`r Trbjht bfj gbfbe`s, shfo` bppbr`ftiyT`t`r jm`sf‘t piby hf b okbhr khgsìa, ’tm e`t b a`w pmhfts `v`ry ebg`.‗ K`fo`, `brih`r, k` wbs

bli` tm jhspibo` tkbt ’swhgg`r, pkhimsmpk`r, gbst`r wbtokgbc`r ma tk` Lrmfx,‗ Jbv` Qhfo`ft.Mf tk` mtk`r shj` ma tk` Jrbw, Nmkf Erby (H) bjvbfo`j tm tk` ahfbi whtk suoo`sshv` whfs‚mv`r Ghc` Im\ussm3 tk`f Hrvhfetmf, FX‘s tmuek Zy Cbus (25, -<2, 28, <2) wkm ’wbs b qubj ufthismg`mf` amufj b omupi` ma `xtrb gusoi`s‗3 bfj tk`f ahfbiiy ’gmj stmoclrmc`r‗ Lhii \`hs. Erby,bs w`‘j s``f làmr`, kbj l``f J`gps`y‘s g`ftmr‚lut fmw tk` puphi kbj sm prmer`ss`j tkbt’`v`rytkhfe Nmkf kht bt Ghc` obg` lboc kbrj`r. Zk` i`ssmfs, tk` _theb rmlmt hf Ghc`‘s kmus`,

bfj tk` er`bt rài`x`s hft`fshah`j ly kmurs ma prbotho` r`suit`j hf b tkr``-ebg` sw``p.‗Hf tk` Uk`ìokbhr Oibss B (20 `ftrh`s), tmp s``j Cbus, wkm‘s ’wrhtt`f gbfy

Sbjv`rthshfeW brthoi`s bfj kbs bf upomghfe lmmc mf ompywrhthfe,‗ wbs ups`t ly Ai`tok`r. _bgtk`f w`ft mf tm whf tk` `v`ft‚mv`r L`rfbrj ’Lbrt‗ GoFhokmi (HL), ’Lrmfx pibylmy‗ bfj’omgput`r prmerbgg`r,‗ bfj hf tk` ahfbi mv`r khs aìimw ’fbtty jr`ss`r‗ \`hs. Hf tk` rmufjrmlhf Rubjrhpièho‘s, GoFhokmi, wkm‘s ’omgp`t`j amr tk` P._. U/O t`bg bii mv`r tk` wmrij,‗

obg` ahrst3 Aimr`sou, sòmfj. _tà wbs bl`tt`j ly khs ’trbhf`r,‗ wha` Obrmihf`, mat`f r`bjy tm jm lbtti` k`rs ia‚tkmuek fmt mf b Kmastrb omurt, wk`r` sk` wbs sbhj tm kbv` kbj ’ufprhftbli`r`suits,‗ lut hf b omurtrmmg, bs b orhghfbi ibwy`r. Jmuli`s w`ft tm J`gps`y/Erby mv`r _`re`Nì`f`vscy (HHH), bfj Cbus.

P._. Mp`f Uk`ìokbhr Oibss B Uhff`r

_bg Ai`tok`rTkmtm ly Lhii Gbri`fs

P._. Mp`f Uk`ìokbhr Okbgphmf

Ghc` J`gps`yTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



?2;

\`suits hf mtk`r P._. Mp`f `v`fts> Oibss L (<50 `ftrh`s)> \hokbrj GoBa`` mv`r EbryBjìgbf wkm‘j stmpp`j Nm` \mcmp, bat`r Nm`‘s jùo` hf tk` 0 tk whf mv`r T`t` Fbsvyths.Q`t`rbf‘s (< `ftrh`s)> Bl` \ujhoc mv`r Tbui Nbocsmf. _`fhmr @squhr`‘s (; `ftrh`s)> IbszimLìibc mv`r _bfjmr Eibfoz. @squhr`‘s (0; `ftrh`s)> Gbx Gbrhfcm mv`r‚immc wkm‘s lboc,Okuoc Lurfs, wkm survhv`j Lìibc hf 0 (lut hf tk` _`fhmr‘s imst jùo` hf tk` 0tk tm Arbfc

Jwìiy). _`fhmr‘s> J`r`c Ubii mv`r Zhg Lmeebf. _`fhmr Omfsmibthmf> Lhii G`szbrms mv`r BiUbss`rgbf. _`fhmr B‘s> E`mre` \moc`r mv`r Bi Fmok`fsmf. B Jmuli`s> @rrmi \`s`c/Nàa ^bcbrhf mv`r Kmwh` Ermssgbf/Gbrc \bjmg. L Jmuli`s> Jbf Er``f/Nmkf GoErbw (bat`r abiihfe l`khfj <-4) mv`r Gbrty Zk`hi/Jmmf Umfe. _`fhmr Jmuli`s> L`rfh` Luch`t/G`szbrmsmv`r Jwìiy/L`ffy Kuii. _`fhmr B Jmuli`s> Fbt _tmc`s/Bi Fmok`fsmf mv`r Zhlmr Lboc/\hokTuis hf 0.

_hfo` tk`r` w`r` sm gbfy `v`fts hf tkhs tmurfbg`ft, ht wmuij kbv` l``f l`st, bs Gbffy

Gmscmwhtz pmhft`j mut hf Zmphos, tm kbv` ehv`f tk` whff`rs bfj ruff`r-ups tk`hr bwbrjshgg`jhbtìy bat`r tk`y‘j piby`j tk`hr ahfbi. Bs ht wbs, kmw gbfy p`mpi`, fmt nust tk` spòtbtmrs lut tk` whffhfe piby`rs tmm, wbft`j tm sht tkrmuek, wmuij sht tkrmuek, b i`fetky BwbrjsO`r`gmfy= (Mk, birhekt, Cbm Ihbfe i`bjhfe b P.F. Jìèbthmf ma Okhf`s` wmuij= Zm e`t bf

hj`b ma wkbt tk` upomghfe P._.-Okhfb Gbtok`s ghekt l` ihc`=)

G`f‘s

Zk`r`, bs F.X. Zhg`s r`pmrt`r E`rbij @sc`fbzh tìis us, wbs J-N I`` gbffhfe khs`quhpg`ft lmmtk bfj kbfjhfe mut aiy`rs bjv`rthshfe fmt khs pr`s`fo` k`r` bt tkhs Mp`f lut khsbvbhiblhihty tm em ìs`wk`r`. ’‛I`` whii pboc tk`s` trhocs, schiis…‘ tk` lrmokur` lèbf. Bgmfekhs trhocs, amr b $?44 bpp`brbfo` a``, br`> ‛L`tw``f-tk`-iè skmts,‘ ‛pibyhfe whtk b sorul lrusk,‘ bfj ‛amr`k`bj r turfs.‘‗ Bs b f o`ssbry jhstrbothmf, J-N jhj whf khs 0tk omfsòuthv` P._.

Mp`f G`f‘s Okbgphmfskhp bfj tk` $2,444 2st Trhz` ly jà`bthfe 2?tk s``j Nboc Kmwbrj ($044) hftk` ahfbi. I`` imst mfiy mf` ebg` f rmut`‚tm aìimw Mkhmbf Nmkf Zbff`khii hf tk` s`gh‘s.

Kmwbrj‘s sustbhf`j piby prmv`j smg`tkhfe ma b surprhs` omfshj`rhfe k`‘j l``f

j`vmthfe guok ma khs omfshj`rbli` `f`rey tm tk` P_ZZB \bthfe _yst`g3 tm ruffhfe amr tk`P_ZZB @.O.3 bfj tm khs rmi` bs P._. Z`bg Obptbhf jurhfe tk` amrtkomghfe ròhprmobi ’Thfe-Tmfe Jhpimgboy‗ Zmur ma tk` P._. ly tk` Okhf`s`. Gmr`mv`r, bs k` wbs hf tk` prmo`ss ma

gmvhfe armg _`btti` lboc tm Ims Bfeì`s, k` kbjf‘t l``f prbothohfe guok. X`t e`t tm tk` ahfbik` jhj, bfj k`r`, mat`f hf khs mwf wmrjs, hs kmw k` jhj ht.

Bebhfst amrg`r P._. Nufhmr Okbgp Ghtok _`bithì hf tk` 21tk‘s (: ebg`s)> ’U` w`r` lmtk f`rvmus. Hf tk` ahrst ebg`, H trh`j tm amro` bfj gbj` tmm gbfy `rrmrs. Hf bii amiimwhfeebg`s H pusk`j quht` b lht tm khs lbockbfj. Zkhs fuiihah`j khs emmj lbockbfj limoc skmt bebhfstgy immp bfj ebv` g` thg` tm e`t hf pmshthmf amr tk` maa`fs`. Gy lbockbfj stbrt`j emhfe hf.‗

Bebhfst Ekbfb‘s _bg Kbggmfj hf tk` ;tk‘s (: Ebg`s)> ’Lmtk ma us w`rùfomgamrtbli` whtk tk` mtk`r‘s sphf. Amr b wkhi` H kbj trmuli` whtk smg` ma khs smat r`turfs

bfj omuijf‘t kht khs sphf lbiis. Gy kbfjihfe ma s`rvho` bfj ?rj

lbii bttboc wbs sihektiy l`tt`r tkbf khs, tkmuek (k` wbs w`bc mf skmrt s`rv`s), bfj tkhs gbj` tk` jhaa`r`fo`. Gy bttboc wbs l`tt`r tkbf ht kbj l``f bebhfst _`bithì bfj gy omfahj`fo` wbs luhijhfe.‗

Kbggmfj, H f``j bjj, kbj ups`t Jìi _w``rhs hf tk` 21tk‘s hf 0. K` wmf tk` lhe ?rj

ebg` bt jùo`, ibreìy lòbus` Jìi omuijf‘t kbfji` _bg‘s lbockbfj immp, wmuij limoc ht maa tk` tbli`. _mg`mf` sbhj tkbt _bg bfj Jìi, ly @urmp`bf stbfjbrjs, piby tmm abr lboc armg tk`tbli`. Zm jm tkbt, tk`y f``j tm sphf mut imfe, ourvhfe tmpsphf skmts ihc` Nmfy`r bfj Cibgpbr.Jìi skmuij kbv` gmv`j hf, kbv` trh`j tm e`t _bg ruffhfe ly bfeihfe tk` lbii.



?28

Bebhfst :-thg` P._. Okbgp @rwhf Ci`hf hf tk` qubrt`r‘s (0 ebg`s), Nboc sbhj>

’H kbj b skbcy ahrst ebg` Swmf ht <5-<0W, lut H omuij a`ì gysìa e`tthfe kmt bfjomghfe mf. Erbjubiiy tk` gbtok tmmc mf b jr`bg-ihc` qubihty bs bii gy hfkhlhthmfsblmut khtthfe hf whff`rs w`r` amremtt`f. H jmf‘t g`bf H tmmc lihfj, `xkhibrbthfe swhp`s,

lut pibff`j, g`bsur`j lbzmmcb skmts. Gy lbockbfj wbs blsmiutìy uflìh`vbli`. H wbsbli` tm kht whff`rs maa s`rv`s, pusk`s, omuft`r-jrhv`s, immps, bfj `v`f @rwhf‘s chiiskmts whtk bstmfhskhfe `bs`. Hf spht` ma gy spòtbouibr piby, tkmuek, tk` gbtok w`ft 0ebg`s shfo` @rwhf wbs pibyhfe `xo`pthmfbiiy wìi. H wmf tk` 0 tk ebg` i`bjhfe bii tk`wby. H omfshj`r tkhs tm l` tk` l`st gbtok H kbv` `v`r piby`j.‗

Ci`hf kbj l`bt`f L`rfh` Luch`t v`ry bshiy hf tk` ;tk‘s‚tkmuek k`‘j emtt`f maa tm b lbj

stbrt. K`‘j l``f sphffhfe tk` lbii kbrj tm L`rfh`‘s lbockbfj ufthi, jmwf 25-2<, k` whs`j up.@rwhf‘s str`fetk hs tkbt k`‘s f`v`r kbj bf hfai`xhli`, rèhg`ft`j ebg`. Aurtk`r, bs mf` psyokmimey prma`ssmr bfj tbli` t ffhs luaa put ht hf Zmphos, ’H cfmw ma mfiy mf` Bg`rhobf piby`r wkm kbs omfthfu`j tm i`brf blmut tk` ebg`, bfj bism us` ht hf khs mwf ebg`‗‚bfj

tkbt‘s Ci`hf. Omfs`qu`ftiy, @rwhf‘s biwbys mp`f tm tk` _pmrt‘s okbfehfe tòkfmimey, bfj hsbli` tm strbtèhobiiy bjbpt tm bfy mppmf`ft‘s ebg`. Fmw k` lèhfs sphffhfe kbrj hftm L`rfh`‘s

amr`kbfj bfj imllhfe tm khs lbockbfj. Bfj, pmmr Luch`t, k` obf mfiy blsmrl tk` pbo`, obf‘t put bfy zhp hftm khs lbockbfj. K` ims`s 8 strbhekt…bfj tk` ahrst 1 ma tk` <fj ebg`. Zkbt‘s 20 pmhfts hf b rmw! ’H piby Ih Au-nufe hf tk` Umrij‘s bfj k` f`v`r jm tkhs tm g`,‗ sbys L`rfh`.

Botubiiy, Luch`t bigmst jhjf‘t e`t tm piby Ci`hf. Bt mf` pmhft k` wbs jàbuit`j amrgtk` tmurfbg`ft amr prà`rrhfe tm wbtok tk` Trbjht-\`hsgbf gbtok (mf wkhok k` kbj b l`t=)rbtk`r tkbf stbrt piby bebhfst ymufe, ber``bli`-tm-wbht Zhg M‘Ermscy. K` wbsf‘t bwbr`, bs

piby wbs omghfe tm b oims` amr tk` `v`fhfe, tkbt Zmurfbg`ft Jhr otmr Jbv` Omx kbj hssu`j bf`htk`r/mr uithgbtug‚piby mr l` jàbuit`j. @v`f bat`r b arh`fjiy jrhfc mr twm, Jbv` wmuijf‘t luje`, nust r`ht`rbt j khs oims`j-jmmr pmshthmf. Ht tmmc bf bot ma tk` P_ZZB @xòuthv`

Omgghtt`` tm lr`bc ht jmwf.Lut ha L`rfh` kbj b lbj a`ìhfe blmut imshfe tm khs mij Jmuli`s pbrtf`r Ci`hf (tk`y‘j

wmf tk` P._. Mp`f hf ‘1?, ‘1:, bfj ‘103 w`r` ruff`r-ups hf ‘11), whtk khs f`w Jmuli`s

pbrtf`r, _w``rhs, k` wbs sthii gbfbehfe tm jm bii rhekt (tk`y w`r ruff`r-ups hf ‘54 bfj ‘52).Hfj``j, k` bfj Jìi emt ly tk` amrghjbli` Obfbjhbfs, T`t`r Emfjb bfj @rrmi Ob`tbfm (ups`t?-4 hf tk` _hfei`s ly \mry Lrbsshfetmf), bfj sm bjvbfo`j tm tk` s`gh‘s. Zk`r` tk`y amufjtk`gsìv`s emhfe hftm tk` 0tk whtk \`s`c/Okuh wkm‘j stmpp`j Kmwbrj/Lmeebf bat`r Nboc bfjZhg kbj ìhghfbt`j Zbff`khii/Omwbf. Jurhfe tk` 2st pmhft ma tkbt ebg`, @rrmi immp`j b lbii tkbtjrmpp`j orbzhiy bfj bigmst jh`j. _w``rhs, bffmy`j bt tkhs, tkr`w khs rboc`t bt tk` f`t‚mr

ufj`r ht‚bfj ht obrmg`j maa bfj emt @rrmi rhekt hf tk` ermhf. Ukhok‚ymu obf hgbehf`‚ lrmuekt @rrmi‘s wha` Nbhrh` mut tm tk` tbli` hf b lhe kurry. Fm, @rrmi bfj Ihg Ghfe jhjf‘t whf

tkhs s`gh‘s gbtok. Bfj, fm, Jìi bfj L`rfh` jhjf‘t ups`t Jà`fjhfe Okbgphmfs I`` bfj T`t`r Trbjht hf tk` ahfbi.

Kmwbrj, g`bfwkhi`, kbj r`bok`j tk` G`f‘s s`gh‘s tm bjvbfo` mv`r Trbjht (: ebg`s).Nboc sbys tkbt Lmfe-Gm I``, wkmg gbfy piby`rs a`ì hs tk` l`st P._. Ombok, ebv` khg bjvho`

’bs tm wk`r` tm s`rv`, wkbt typ` ma s`rvho` sphf tm us`, wk`r` tm okmp, wk`r` tm immp, bfj ht biiwmrc`j mut gbrvìmusiy wìi! H aìt hf omftrmi ma tk` gbtok bii tk` wby, `v`f bat`r imshfe bebg`.‗ Amr Nboc, tk` ’lbsho pbtt`rf‗ wbs tkhs> ’H‘j okmp tk` ahrst lbii tm khs amr`kbfj! Zk`fsgbsk b khek mr simw rmii. Ha k` trh`j tm amro`, H‘j us` jò`pthmf‚tkbt hs, H‘j vbry gy okmps



?<4

bfj tmpsphfs. Mf gy s`rv` H‘j piby tk` ? rj lbii bttboc bebhfst b w`bc r`turf3 mtk`rwhs` H‘j em lboc tm tk` pbtt`rf blmv`. Gy lbockbfj wbs sthii `xoìi`ft, gy amr`kbfj M.C….‗

Trbjht, tk` #< s``j, kbj b suoo`sshmf ma `xohthfe gbtok`s mf khs wby tm Kmwbrj‚ bebhfst \`hsgbf, _khrmcy, bfj Okuh.

\`hsgbf omg`s mf whtk bii khs spòhbi gbeho. K`‘s w`brhfe b smrt ma abhrytbi` liu` obp

(iht`rbiiy, b Cbfemi @feihsk p`bc-obp), bfj ht‘s kbrj tm tìi wk`tk`r, ermwf up bs k` hs, k` immcssihektiy rhjhouimus mr fmt. Jmue Obrtibfj tìis g` Gbrty kbsf‘t prbotho`j bt bii, fmt amr tkhstmurfbg`ft, fmt s`rhmusiy amr y`brs‚bfj tkbt k` kbsf‘t `v`f ihat`j b rboc`t mfo` hf tk` ibstw``c. \`hsgbf, H tkhfc, hs ihc` mf` ma tkms` botmrs mf tk` ZQ skmw ’_tmry Zk`bt`r‗‚fm, fmtmf` ma tk` botmrs, mf` ma tk` stmrylmmc p`mpi` tk` botmrs lòmg`. K` wbics mut mf stbe` bfjtkmuek ymu cfmw ht‘s \`hsgbf ymu wmfj`r wk`r` k` obg` armg mr wkbt k`‘s emhfe tm jm. Bfjsmg`kmw, rhekt bwby, ymu lèhf tm lìh`v` hf khg. Bfj kmp`. X`s, tk` obp hs b gbeho obp‚ymu

a`ì ht ehv`s khg str`fetk, iuoc.Ma omurs` shfo` Trbjht hs tkmuekt ly gbfy tm l` tk` #< piby`r hf tk` omuftry, Gbrty,

j`spht` bii khs okbrhsgb, hs sthii tk` ufj`rjme. Zkhs hs hgpihoht hf tk` $254 tm $244 mjjs l`hfemaa`r`j bfj tbc`f ly Gbr‚`r, f`v`r ghfj‚smg`mf`. Bii mtk`r l`ts jmwf‚quh`tiy= \`hsgbf

stmps okbtthfe whtk tk` bujh`fo`, stmps sghihfe bfj tbpphfe tk` lbii mf khs rboc`t…bfj làmr`ymu obf sby \ugpi`sthitschf k` bfj khs gbeho obp br` up 5-2. Mfiy tm ims` tk` ebg`.

Hf tk` <fj, \`hsgbf hs stbyhfe up oims` bfj whtk tkbt gbrvìmus rull`r-rboc`t omftrmi hskbia-limochfe, kbia-okmpphfe tk` lbii ’j`bj,‗ gbchfe Trbjht e`t khs mwf sphf lboc bfj gmvhfekhg brmufj tk` tbli`. Lut, tbic nbufthiy tm tk` bujh`fo` hf l`tw``f pmhfts bs Gbrty‘s l``fjmhfe, k` obf‘t kht khs amr`kbfj v`ry wìi, obf‘t kbv` omfahj`fo` hf tkbt. Hf smg` wbys, ht‘s bs ha k`‘s pibyhfe mf hfsthfot. _thii, ht‘s smmf mlvhmus tkbt Trbjht hs fm imfe`r tk` mjjs-mf abvmrht`tkbt k` wbs‚hs gbyl` fmt tk` abvmrht` bt bii. \`hsgbf, whtk khs ihtti` tmuok skmts jrmpphfe

k`r`, tk`r`, bfj `v`rywk`r`, hs up <-2 bfj 21-2: hf tk` :tk. Mfiy k` obf‘t whf tkhs ebg`, oims`mut tk` gbtok.

Bfj sujj`fiy k` ghekt bs wìi tbc` maa tk` obp. Ht‘s imst hts

gbeho….Bat`r khs 0-ebg` imss, tk` ormwj‘s b luzz whtk wkbt p`rkbps Gbrty bii bimfe kbs l``f ebglihfe mf. Kmw, whtk sm ihtti` prbotho`, bfj whtk suok bppbr`ft obsubif`ss, obf k` piby sm wìi=

Ukbt gust k` kbv` l``f ihc` bigmst b qubrt`r ma b o`ftury bem=Ukbt omuij k` sthii l` ihc`=

Ma omurs` \`hsgbf wbfts tm piby bf xkhlhthmf gbtok mr twm wk`f tk` Okhf`s` omg` amr tk`hr ròhprmobi tmur ma tk` P._. hfb a`w w``cs, lut, bs k` kbsf‘t omgp`t`j `fmuek, k` kbsf‘t `brf`jtkbt kmfmr. Abo`j whtk tk` Bssmohbthmf‘s ràusbi tm omfshj`r khg,

Gbrty tìis Bfjy _miths ma tk` F. X. Tmst (Bpr. :, 285<, ?:), ’Zk`yjmf‘t wbft p`mpi` ihc` g` wkm bttrbot b imt ma btt`fthmf. Zk`y

wbft quh`t lmys wkm‘ii jm wkbt tk`y wbft.‗Trbjht, ha ymu obf lìh`v` ht, kbs f`v`r k`brj ma \`hsgbf.

’Xmu g`bf,‗ H bsc`j khg bat`r k`‘j ahfhsk`j khs gbtok whtk Gbrty,’ymu jhjf‘t cfmw \`hsgbf kbj wmf tk` @feihsk Mp`f, kbj emtt`f

tm tk` s`gh‘s ma tk` Umrij‘s=‗’Fm,‗ sbys Trbjht.’Umuij ht kbv gbj bfy jhaa r fo ha ymu cf`w=‗ H bsc`j khg.’Fm,‗ sbys Trbjht. ’Ha ymu‘r` sobr`j, ymu obf‘t piby.‗

T`t`r Trbjht> f`v`r, `v`r

sobr`j ma bf mppmf`ftTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



?<2

’Obf‘t ymu `v`r r`g`gl`r b thg` wk`f ymu w`r` sobr`j=‗’Fm,‗ sbys Trbjht. ’H f`v`r r`g`gl`r mf` thg`.‗T`t`r‘s f`xt mppmf`ft hs Bi`x _khrmcy. Lut tkmuek Lmfe-Gm kbs tmij Bi`x tm c``p khs

lmjy strbhekt, tm s`rv` skmrt tmpsphf s`rv`s tm Trbjht, tm c``p puskhfe whtk khg ufthi k` obfomuft`r tm khs amr`kbfj, ht‘s bii tm fm bvbhi.

’Zmm lbj Bi`x kbs tm ruf hftm Trbjht wkm‘s abst`r tkbf k` hs,‗ sbys mf` mls`rv`r‚’kòmuij kbv` gbj` ht tm tk` s`gh‘s.‗ Ghi`s, kmw`v`r, tkhfcs jhaa`r`ftiy. ’Bi`x hs tmm whij. K` nugps up bfj jmwf tmm guok‚tkhfcs gmr blmut jhsturlhfe khs mppmf`ft tkbf k` jm`s blmutwhffhfe tk` pmhft.‗

Bebhfst Okuh,wkm‘j ihghfbt`j T`t`r Emfjb hf b 0-ebg`r,

Trbjht wbs iuocy tm whf.T`t`r‘s w`brhfe b abghiyLujjkhst rhfe (ht‘strbjhthmfbiiy ehv`f tm tk`

mij`r lrmtk`r lut, lòbus` T`t`r wbs

i`bvhfe Zkbhibfj bfjemhfe tm l` trbvìhfe bimt, khs abtk`r ebv` ht tmkhg). Zk` rhfe prmghs`semmj iuoc. X`bk= Hf tk`0tk, T`t`r hs up 25-20,

jmwf 28-25. X`bk, lòbus` Okuh, tryhfe tm ahfhsk khg maa, rusk`s, rusk`s, bfj obf‘t stmp. Jmwf <4-28, Ghfe tbc`sb whij lbockbfj swhfe bfj ht‘s bii mv`r.

Mf tk` mtk`r shj` ma tk` Jrbw, hf tk` tmp kbia, tk`r`‘s b ahekt tm tk` j`btk l`tw``fLrbtkwbht` bfj \ml`rts wkm‘s bism w`brhfe b rhfe‚mf khs tkugl. Làmr` piby lèhfs, E`mre`sbys, ’Zk`r` br` amur \ml`rts hf tk` Trmerbg, bfj fmf` obf l`bt g`.‗ _ur` `fmuek, Zk` Okhà

whfs tk` ahrst twm bfj hs up 21-2? mf tk` \ml`rts hf tk` purpi` l`r`t. Bfj tk`f, ly okbfo`,\mllh`‘s p`f abiis armg khs pmoc`t hf ghj-pmhft mftm tk` tbli`. Zk` ugphr` obiis b i`t, lutE`mre` a`ìs k` skmuij l` bwbrj`j tk` pmhft. Zk` p`f hs bf `xt`fshmf ma \mllh`‘s p`rsmf, hsf‘tht= Bfj \mllh` skmuijf‘t l` tmuokhfe, fmt tm sby lmufohfe mr rmiihfe mf tk` tbli`, rhekt=\à`r`` Oyrhi I`j`rgbf hs obii`j hf. Bfj bat`r gbyl` 24 ghfut`s k` sthii obf‘t ahfj bfy wby amr Lrbtkwbht` tm whf tk` pmhft. Bat`r tkhs lr`bc, E`mre` gbc`s r`p`bt`j `rrmrs bfj \ml`rts hs

sthii bihv`.’Hf tk` ahrst twm ebg`s,‗ sbys \mllh` ibt`r, ’H wbsf‘t gmvhfe, wbs si``phfe. H jhjf‘t

si``p guok ibst fhekt. H amremt gy tkhfes amr tk` pbrty (\mllh` jhj b spòtbouibr ’ahr` jbfo`‗)bfj kbj tm em lboc tm tk` Ohty amr tk`g.‗ Hf tk` : tk, bt 2;-bii, bs \ml`rts hs blmut tm s`rv`, tk`@xp`jht` \ui` omg`s hf. Lrbtkwbht` hs ehv`f tk` s`rv`. Ukbt‘s tkhs= K` jm`sf‘t wbft ht= Luttk` \ui` spòhahobiiy stbt`s tkbt ha tk` biimtt`j thg` rufs mut l`tw``f pmhfts (bs mppms`j tm

jurhfe b rbiiy) tk`f tk` mppmshthmf gust s`rv`. E`mre`, s`rvhfe twm ma tk` f`xt tkr`` pmhfts,obf‘t whf bfy ma tk`g.

Hf tk` 0tk, E`mre` tìis g` ibt`r, k` e`ts \mllh` tm lrhfe tk` lbii lboc khek, lut htjm`sf‘t lmufo` up armg tk` tbli` bs k` tkmuekt ht wmuij. \mllh`‘s tbc` wbs tkbt wk`f k`

T`t`r Trbjht whfs b oims` mf` armg Ihg Ghfe OkuhTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



?<<

r`bihz`j E`mre` omuijf‘t kht k`bvy sphf ht wbs birhekt tm ehv` khg b khek lbii> ’K` omuijf‘t khttkrmuek g`.‗

’Zk` mfiy wby tm l`bt I`` hs whtk b smat ebg`,‗ sbys \ml`rts, bfj lèhfs khs qubrt`r‘sgbtok whtk J-N ly ushfe khs er``f lbt whtk hts gmjhah`j bfth-tmpsphf…tk`f swhtok`s tm khsabst`r liboc mf`. Lut `htk`r wby k` nust obf‘t gbc` pmhfts.

Hf tk` mtk`r qubrt`r ma tkhs tmp kbia, Zbff`khii hs tk` piby`r tm amiimw‚tkmuek amr bw``c làmr` tkhs Mp`f, k` kbjf‘t piby`j. K` wbs jhsbppmhft`j bt khs lbj skmwhfe hf Okhobem(H pr`sug` bt tk` Gbr. 22-2<tk ufr`pmrt`j Trm Fbthmfbi‘s), wk`r` k`‘j imst tm P._. Nufhmr Okbgp Lhii I`sf`r. K`r`, tkmuek, Nmkf chii`j Lhii3 hfst`bj ma pibyhfe pbsshvìy k` turf`jbrmufj bfj kht khs amr`kbfj.

Zk`f, fm prmli`g, k` cfmoc`j maa #? s``j \`s`c, ?-4. _mg`mf` wbs tìihfe g`‚barh`fj ma Nmkf‘s, H tkhfc‚tkbt @rrmi e`ts ar`bc`j mut whtk Nmkf‘s `x`rohs`s. Armg brg swhfes

tm squbt tkrusts‚tk`y e`t @rrmi stmf`j up, tmtbiiy pbrbiyz`j. Bism, sbys gy hfamrgbft, ht ar`bcs@rrmi mut tkbt Lmfe-Gm hs ombokhfe Nmkf‚bppbr`ftiy whtk smufj bjvho`. \`s`c jm`sf‘t ihc` b piby`r ihc` Zbff`khii wkm stbfjs bt tk` tbli` bfj hs abst. K` jm`sf‘t wbft tm l` amro`j. Zkhstkrmws khs thghfe maa bfj k` obf‘t e`t brmufj tm strmc` tk` lbii mf khs amr`kbfj. Bism, k`‘s

lmtk`r`j ly Nmkf‘s s`rvho` gmthmfs bfj smg` ma khs s`rv`s‚pbrthouibriy b imfe shj`sphf mf` tmtk` amr`kbfj, wkhok thg` bfj bebhf @rrmi r`turfs maa.

Ha Zbff`khii hs tm e`t tm I`` k` gust l`bt tk` mtk`r Cmr`bf, Nmmfe Ehi Tbrc. Nust làmr`tk` gbtok, P_ZZB Hft`rfbthmfbi Okbhr \uaamrj Kbrrhsmf bffmufo`s tk` sìòthmf ma tk`Bg`rhobf Z`bg tm piby tk` Okhf`s` mf tk`hr twm-w``c vhsht k`r`. Emmj thghfe, kuk= Zk` f`wsmuekt tm psyok Zbff`khii up amr Tbrc. Lut…Nmkf, surprhshfeiy, hs fmt bgmfe tkms` okms`f‚ k`‘s fmt omgpih`j whtk o`rtbhf r`j tbp` rèuibthmfs. _ìòthmf Okbhr Nmkf \`bj r`pmrt`j tkbtZbff`khii ’jhj fmt r`piy tm twm i`tt`rs bfj mf` pkmf` obii.‗ Kmw tk`f omuij k` amiimw tk`

sulti` skbj`s ma Okhf`s`-Bg`rhobf prmtmomi= ’Uky,‗ bs smg`mf` put ht, ’k`‘s ihbli` tm khnboc tk` Okhf`s` pibf`, try tm tbc` ht tm Zbhwbf.‗ Ghi`s obii`j Zbff`khii ’tk` gmst blus`j gbf hfPfht`j _tbt`s tbli` t`ffhs‗3 lut, bs r`bj`rs ma Qmi. Q kbv` s``f, Nmkf bt tkhs stbe` hf khs iha` hs

gmr` ufpr`jhotbli` chj tkbf gbtur` gbf. Zkms` k`bjhfe tk` Bssmohbthmf ’jmf‘t ihc` g`,‗ sbysNmkf‚lut sìa-bwbr`f`ss hs fmt khs strmfe pmhft.

Hf tk` 2st, Nmkf, up <4-25, whfs bt jùo`. Hf tk` <fj, Tbrc, up <4-21, whfs bt jùo`.

Tbrc, ht‘s pmhft`j mut, pibys l`tt`r tkbf J-N wk`f lboc armg tk` tbli`, lut k`‘s fmt bs emmj mftk` ahrst vmii`y. B tìihfe jhaa`r`fo` hf tk` twm Cmr`bfs kbs tm jm whtk s`rvho`. J-N mat`f s`rv`sskmrt, mat`f quhociy `fjs tk` pmhft. Uk`r`bs, bebhfst Zbff`khii, Tbrc c``ps s`rvhfe imfe‚bghstbc`. Zbff`khii i`bjs <-2 hf ebg`s.

Jurhfe tk` lr`bc, J-N ombok`s Tbrc3 bfj Lmfe-Gm ombok`s Zbff`khii. Nmkf sbys tkbtLmfe-Gm hs tk` er`bt`st ombok hf tk` wmrij. ’Okrhst`r Nmkbfssmf (Cnìi‘s lrmtk`r), tk` _w`jhsk

Ombok, bfj Mehgurb gby cfmw gmr`, lut Lmfe gbc`s ymu a`ì ymu obf‘t ims`. K` maa`rs ymufmt sm guok tòkfhobi bs `gmthmfbi str`fetk. K`‘s emmj strbtèhobiiy, tkmuek. _m, ha ymur

strmc`s br` rhekt, ymu‘ii piby abftbstho.‗ Hf tk` :tk

, Nmkf whfs tk` ahrst 0 pmhfts maa khs s`rv`‚ bfj bat`r tkbt hs f`v`r hf trmuli`.

Bebhfst J-N hf tk` s`gh‘s, Nmkf em`s mut mv`r-omfahj`ft. Bat`r khs skmwhfe bebhfstTbrc, k` r`biiy a`ìs k` obf‘t ims`‚hs r`bjy tm libst lbiis whtk tk` hft`ft ma pibyhfe tk`

l`st gbtok ma khs iha`. Bfj hf tk` v`ry lèhffhfe ht immcs, whtk tkbt ?rj-lbii bttboc ma khs, bsha k`‘s hf omftrmi….Lut tk`f> ’Nmkf muekt tm amro` J-N hftm tkbt lbockbfj omrf`r,‗ sbysmf` mls`rv`r‚’k`‘s w`bc mv`r tk`r`.‗…J-N whfs tk` 2st kbfjhiy. K` s`rv`s skmrt bfjimmps tm Nmkf‘s ghjji`.



?<?

Hf tk` <fj, Nmkf hsbk`bj 20-22. Bt 20-2?,boomrjhfe tm Nmkf, J-N phocs up tk` lbii bfjtkrmws ht hftm khs rboc`t,

ehv`s Nmkf b sup`r okmps`rv`. Zk`f immcs bt khg>bs ha qu`sthmfhfe, ’Br`f‘tymu emhfe tm sbysmg`tkhfe=‗ Zk`f k`stbrts whtk tk` sbg`s`rv` bebhf. Zkhs thg`

ugphr` Lhii _okìt`gbwbrfs khg….I`` em`samr khs tmwì. _tbrtswhtk tk` sbg` s`rv`

bebhf….Em`s amr khstmwì….Nmkf ims`s tkhs

ebg` bt jùo`. Bfjshfo` k` whfs tk` ?rj, lutfmt tk` :tk, tkbt <fj ebg`gbj` b lhe jhaa`r`fo`.

Ibrry _k`rgbfma tk` Imfe Hsibfj Tr ss

(Gbr. <4, 285<) kbs tkhstm sby ma tk` I``/Zbff`khii ’omftrmv`rsy‗>

’Zbff`khii wbsihvhj bat`r khs jà`bt bfj

okbre`j J-N whtk‛ok`bthfe‘ mf khs s`rv`.

Zbffk`hii oibhg`j tkbt I`` wbs khtthfe tk` lbii mf tk`wby up rbtk`r tkbf tk` ièbi prmo`jur` ma wbhthfe amr ht tm omg` jmwf.

‛Zk` rà`r`` wbs lihfj,‘ Zbff`khii oibhg`j. ‛H

jmf‘t libg` khg. K` wbs lusy c``phfe somr`. H‘j putup gy kbfjs ufthi I`` stmpp`j ht, tk`f k`‘j stbrt

bebhf. I`` whii jm bfytkhfe tm whf. Ha k` jm`sf‘t whf,k` jm`sf‘t `bt. Mfo` k` ims`s k`‘s mut ma tk` gmf`y.‘

I`` ibuek`j maa tk` okbre` ma s`rvhfe hiièbiiy.‛_mg` p`mpi` wk`f tk`y ims` whii sby bfytkhfe,‘ J-N

jòibr`j. ‛Zkhs s`rvho` hs fmtkhfe omgpbr`j tm wkbttk`y jm hf tk` wmrij okbgphmfskhps. Bfj tkÒkhf`s`…tk`y br` sm abst. Kmw br` ymu emhfe tmomgpibhf=‘ k` bsc`j.‗

Zbff`khii ims`s

lhe sòmfj ebg` -

sbys J-N ok`bt`jTkmtms ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



?<:

_okìt`gb whtk khs lbocermufj hf tk` Ebg`, H‘j `xpòt fmt tm l` hfthghjbt j ly J-N.Kmw`v`r, ht wmuij omg` bs fm surprhs` tm smg`mf` hf tk` cfmw tkbt, bs Lml Lbrfs r`gbrcs hfZmphos, sm gbfy piby`rs bt tkhs tmurfbg`ft, hfoiujhfe tmp piby`rs, w`r`f‘t s`rvhfe ièbiiy.T`rkbps mut ma hefmrbfo`, mr lòbus`, tkmuek tk`y cf`w l`tt`r, tk`y aìt, ugphr` mr fm ugphr`,tk`y omuij nust s`rv` bfy wby tk`y wbft`j tm. Gbffy Gmscmwhtz, wkm wbs hf okbre` ma

e`tthfe vmiuft``r ugphr`s, maa`r`j (ZZZ , Gby-Nuf`, 285<, 1) mf` ma tk` a`w orhthohsgs k`brjblmut tkhs tmurfbg`ft>

’…gbfy vmiuft``rs w`r` fmf-piby`rs bfj ymufe nufhmrs wkm w`r` gmr`hft`r`st`j hf omiiòthfe tk` $2.44 ugphrhfe a``, bfj wkm iboc`j hft`r`st hf b gbtok bswìi bs b cfmwi`je` ma tk` pibyhfe rui`s, bs vhj`fo`j ly tk` fugl`r ma hfohj`ftswk`r` piby`rs omgpibhf`j bfj r`qu`st`j okbfe`s ma ugphr`s. Bism vhj`fo`j w`r`

hfohj`fts wk`r` hfjhvhjubis (bfxhmus amr tk` $2.44 a``) wmuij em mut mf tk` aimmr bfjmooupy b vbobft ugphr`‘s okbhr bfj wbht amr tk` f`xt gbtok tm lèhf, tk`r`ly j`prhvhfesmg`mf` Spr`sugbliy mf Gbffy‘s wbht-amr-ymur-turf vmiuft``r ihstW ma khs rhekt tmugphr`. Zk` ibre` fugl`r ma tbli`s bfj kue` pibyhfe br`b gbj` tkhs jhaahouit tm

omftrmi.‗

_m k`r` w` br` tk`f, hf tk` ahfbi, whtk I`` bfj Kmwbrj (wkm‘s pibyauiiy bsc`j Lmfe-Gm,J-N‘s omushf, tm ombok khg, bfj ma omurs` wbs emmj-fbtur`jiy ràus`j). Bat`r ’ebglihfe whijiy,‗imshfe hf ’nust <? ghfut`s‗ hf strbhekt ebg`s (’H jhjf‘t tkhfc ihc` b whff`r, sm H jhjf‘t whf.‗).

Nboc, j`nòt`j, omgg`fts mf khs piby>

’Pfj`r tk` pr`ssur` ma I``‘s ?rj-lbii bttboc, gy omfahj`fo` bfj thghfe stbrt tmwbf`. H obffmt smiv` tk` skmrt s`rvho` tm tk` amr`kbfj. Bfj wkbt s``gs tm g` tm l`skmrt mr imw r`turfs br` kbrj immp`j ly J-N bt bii bfei`s. Gmr` tkbf tk` abot ma imshfe

Tmmr Nboc, k` immcs ihc` k`‘s tk`r` tm obrry J-N‘s trmpkyTkmtm ly Lhii _okìt`gb



?<0

(2;, 8, 2:), H bg shoc blmut tk` pmmr qubihty ma piby l`hfe pr`s`ft`j tm :,444spòtbtmrs….Mf pbp`r H‘v` kbj b er`bt tmurfbg`ft, lut tk` ibociust`r qubihty ma tkàhfbi ruhfs ht amr g`. Bat`r tk` gbtok, Eushcmaa, Ci`hf, bfj Omwbf try tm maa`r g` smgòmfsmibthmf. ’H jmf‘t wbft tm k`br ht!‗ H sby, bfj stmrg maa tm ràiòt hf jr`bry sìa-phty.

Zk` Tr`ss hfshsts mf tbichfe tm g`. H obf mfiy gutt`r j`nòt`jiy, ‛Zmm emmj,

k`‘s nust tmm emmj amr g`.‘ Hrmfho, hsf‘t ht= H ahekt gy wby tm tk` ahfbi ma tk` Fbthmfbi‘sbfj y`t bt tkbt hfstbft wk`f H skmuij a`ì sup`r khek H a`ì bs imw bs H‘v` `v`r aìt hfwkbt H omfshj`r b kbppy bfj r`wbrjhfe tbli` t`ffhs obr``r.

B lmy skyiy omg`s mv`r tm g`. @glbrrbsshfeiy, H obf‘t tkhfc ma khs fbg`,tkmuek H‘v` s``f khg piby gbfy thg`s. K` bscs g` tm butmerbpk b lbii. H tkhfc, a`ì, bsH immc bt tkhs lmy bfj tbc` p`f hf kbfj tm shef, ‛Kbv` H r`biiy gbj` b fbg` amr gysìa hf tbli` t`ffhs=‘‗



?<1

Okbpt`r Zw`fty-Amur

285<> Okhfb‘s ’Thfe-Tmfe Jhpimgboy‗ Z`bg Qhshts Obfbjb. 285<> B J`pbrthfe Immc Hftm Erbkbg _t``fkmv`f‘s Iha`. 285<> @feihsk Mp`f. 285<> @urmp`bf Okbgphmfskhps.

_hfo` H j`vmt`j b er`bt j`bi ma Qmi. Q tm tk` Okhf`s` Z`bg‘s twm-w``c ròhprmobi vhshttm tk` P._., lèhffhfe whtk tk`hr Bprhi 2<tk brrhvbi hf J`trmht b a`w w``cs bat`r tk` P._. Mp`f,H‘ii fmt r`p`bt gysìa k`r`, lut nust bjj b a`w `xtrb tmuok`s. Bs r`pmrt`r _t`v` Objy tìis us hfbrthoi`s hf tk` F.X. Zhg`s bfj tk` Obfbjhbf ZZB F`ws (Nuf`, 285<, 2<), tk` <; Okhf`s` (20 piby`rs, 2? mtk`rs) kbj omg` tm J`trmht armg pibyhfe b s`rh`s ma Gbtok`s hf vbrhmus Obfbjhbfohth`s (Gmftr`bi, Zmrmftm, Qbfomuv`r), lèhffhfe hf Mttbwb ’bt tk` Mp`rb Kmus`‗ imobt`j hf

tk` ’$:;-ghiihmf Fbthmfbi Brts O`ftr`.‗ Zk` P.F. Okhf`s` jìèbthmf wkm hf Gbrok kbjbtt`fj`j tk` Imfe Hsibfj P._. Mp`f, ghfjaui ma tk` hgghf`ft brrhvbi ma tk`hr ’Thfe-Tmfe

Jhpimgboy‗ Z`bg, kbj, whtk tk` ommp`rbthmf ma tk` IHZZB mrebfhzhfe Omgghtt``, jìhl`rbtìyc`pt b imw prmahi`‚jòihfhfe tm kbv` tk` Okhf`s` bftk`g piby`j hf tk`hr kmfmr, bfj bs quhociybs pmsshli` t`rghfbthfe bf hfamrgbi f`ws omfa`r`fo`. Zk` so`f` hf Mttbwb wbs b lht jhaa`r`ft.Zk` fhekt làmr` tk` Zmurhfe Okhf`s` w`r` tm put mf tk`hr p`ramrgbfo`, tk` Mp`rb Kmus` jhj

b ihtti` upstbehfe, amr mf` omuij em tk`r` bfj `fnmy ’Thfe, Tbfe, bfj Tmfe,‗ okbrbot`rs hf’Tuoohfh‘s gìmjho lut emry Smp`rbW ‛Zurbfjmt,‘ s`t hf bfoh`ft T`chfe.‗

Bs `xpòt`j, tk` Obfbjb vs. Okhfb pr`-Gbtok o`r`gmfh`s ’w`r` rhtubihstho whtk b er`btj`bi ma jòmrug bfj jhefhty. Zk`r` w`r` sp`òk`s hf @feihsk bfj Okhf`s`, xokbfe`s ma ehats

I-\> Emv`rfmr E`f`rbi bfj Grs. Ghok`f`r, Bglbssbjmr Xbm Cubfe,

OZZB Tr`shj`ft Brt Lbrrbf, bfj Okubfe Zs`-tufeArmg OZZB F`ws, Nuiy, 285<, omv`r



?<5

bgmfe tk` piby`rs, pr`s`ftbthmfs ma rms`s bfj pibyhfe ma tk` Okhf`s` bfj Obfbjhbf bftk`gs.‗Bghj tk` ’r`j s`bts, r`j obrp`ts bfj emij ihekts,‗ tk` arh`fjskhp omgp`ththmf bt ’tk` shfei` pibyhfe tbli` hf tk` o`ft`r ma tk` kue` stbe`‗ stbrt`j maa nust rhekt wk`f tk` Obfbjhbf #2 J`r`c Ubii wbs biimw`j tm whf amr M Obfbjb, `jehfe mut Ihbfe Cm-ihbfe, <:-<<, <2-28. E`tthfe tk`gmst bppibus` (shfo` Ubii‘s wbs tk` mfiy gbtok wmf ly Obfbjb) wbs ?-thg` Umrij Okbgphmf

bfj Q-T ma tk` Okhf`s` ZZB, Okubfe Zs`-tufe‚’hftrmjuo`j tm tk` kmoc`y-ghfj`j Obfbjhbfsbs tk` ‛Lmlly Kuii ma Okhfb‘‗‚wkm jà`bt`j khs usubi `xkhlhthmf pbrtf`r Okbfe Ksh`k-ihf hfusubi <<-<4 abskhmf.

Abfabr` tk`r` wbs tk`f, whtk Obfbjhbf ZZB Tr`shj`ft Brt Lbrrmf boomgpbfyhfe tkÒkhf`s`, wkhi` bpprmprhbt` \mybi Lmx r`spòt wbs skmwf Obfbjb‘s Emv`rfmr E`f`rbi, \mibfjGhok`f`r, khs wha`, bfj Okhf`s` Bglbssbjmr Xbm Cubfe. Bs amr tk` abfs, tkms` wkm w`r`tk`r` w`r` `ftkushbstho, lut tk`r` w`r`f‘t `fmuek ma tk`g…

’ Pfamrtufbtìy, Obfbjb‘s <85,444-ohthz`f obphtbi jhjf‘t sfbp up tk` $2, $<,bfj $? thoc`ts bs kuferhiy bs ghekt kbv` l``f `xpòt`j. Zk` ormwj tmtbi`j blmut2,:44, sihektiy i`ss tkbf twm-tkhrjs ma tk` kmus`‘s <,<:4 obpbohty.

Iboc ma prmgmthmf kurt tk` prmjuothmf. Ht jhjf‘t e`t b shfei` ihf` hf tk` imobi pbp`rs y`st rjby, bfj tk` pbp`rs jhjf‘t pulihsk tmjby hf mls`rvbfo` ma Emmj

Arhjby….‗

Ma omurs` Tr`shj`ft Lbrrmf‘s `brih`r G`ssbe` tm tk` G`gl`rskhp (OZZB F`ws, Mot.,2852, ?) kbj l``f bs upl`bt bs hf e`f`rbi k` omuij gbc` ht>

’…U` fmw kbv` tk` emij`f mppmrtufhty tm booì`rbt` tk` prmer`ss ma tbli`

t`ffhs hf Obfbjb….U` br` pibffhfe b prmerbg ma prmer`ss bfj j`vìmpg`ft….Zmsuoo``j whii r`quhr` om-mp`rbthmf, oi`br tkhfchfe bfj kbrj wmrc. Guok ma tk` wmrc gust omg` armg hfjhvhjubi g`gl`rs wkm skmuij fmt l` mv`rimbj`j i`st tk`y lòmg`

jhsk`brt`f`j. Zk`hr juth`s gust l` gbj` bs bttrbothv` bfj r`wbrjhfe bs pmsshli`.Ti`bs`, gy aìimw vmiuft``rs, r`bihz` tkbt whtkmut ymur kìp, mur `ft`rprhs` whii abit`r,wk`r`bs whtk ymur kìp w` obf bii fnmy tk` `fvhrmfg`ft or`bt`j ly suoo`ss….H bg

omfahj`ft….‗

K` jm`sf‘t smufj sm omfahj`ft. Lut bt i`bst k`‘s maa`rhfe bs guok r`spòtaui ròhprmohtytm tk` Okhf`s` bs k` obf. Bs hf tk` P._., sm hf Obfbjb, tk` Okhf`s` wmuij l` tbc`f tm pibo`s ma hft`r`st bfj whf`j bfj jhf`j (s`` Nuf`, 285< OZZB F`ws brthoi`s put tme`tk`r ly @jhtmr Nms`Zmgchfs). Hf Mttbwb tk`y‘j s`` ’tk` Tbrihbg`ft Luhijhfes,‗ bfj, bimfe whtk tk` Obfbjhbfs,

`fnmy b ’eihtt`rhfe rò`pthmf hf tk` lbiirmmg ma tk` _cyihf` Kmtì.‗ Hf Gmftr`bi, tk`y‘j vhsht tk`’Okbt`bueuby Oiul amr tk` ahfbis ma tk` Ahrst Fbthmfbi Nufhmr Okbgphmfskhps.‗ Bt Gmftr`bi‘s

Imymib Omiiè`, tk` Okhf`s` jr`w 2144 spòtbtmrs wkhi` bfmtk`r ?44 wbtok`j tk` gbtok`s mfoims`j ohrouht ZQ. Bjkbg _kbrbrb bfj Ihbfe C`-ihbfe bgus`j tk` ormwj whtk tk`hr piby, bfjOkubfe boo`pt`j b kmoc`y sthoc whtk tk` sbg` sghihfe bpimgl H‘j s`` khg mf` jby butmerbpkbf mrbfe`. Bt Fhbebrb Abiis, Okubfe, hft`rvh`w`j, sbhj, fm, k` wbsf‘t hjmihz`j ly ymufe

p`mpi` hf Okhfb3 sbhj, ’H‘g nust b v`ry mrjhfbry gbf, fm jhaa`r`ft armg bfymf` ìs`.‗ Mk,sur`‚nust pibhf mrjhfbry.*

Lboc hf _`pt.-Mot., 2852, twm Okhf`s` ombok`s, <;-y`br-mij Gs. Ihf Ksh-G`fe,r`pmrt`jiy Okhf`s` Fbthmfbi Umgbf‘s Jmuli`s Okbgphmf, bfj ?5-y`br-mij Okubfe Okhb-Au ma



?<;

tk` Bii Okhfb _pmrts A`j`rbthmf, boomgpbfh`j lyhft`rpr`t`r Ubfe Okhb-tufe (wkm‘j hft`rbot`j whtk tk`Bg`rhobf ’Thfe-Tmfe Jhpimgboy‗ Z`bg tkbt sprhfe)kbj ehv`f oihfhos hf vbrhmus pbrts ma Obfbjb. Zk`y‘jbism l``f hfvht`j tm fmf-tbli` t`ffhs sht`s, mf` ma

wkhok kbj l``f Erbv`fkurst. Fmw hf 285<, bt Erbv`fkurst, 220 ghi`s fmrtkma Zmrmftm, tk` Okhf`s` Z`bg vhsht`j tk` lhrtkpibo` ma Jr. Fmrgbf L`tkuf` ’wkm jh`j hf Okhfb‘s Kmp`h prmvhfo` hf 28?8 wkhi` s`rvhfe bs sure`mf tm OkbhrgbfGbm Zs`-tufe‘s @hektk \mut` Brgy.‗ L`tkuf` ’s`t upsomr`s ma kmsphtbis, mrebfhz`j jmz`fs ma gmlhi`

g`jhobi t`bgs bfj trbhf`j kufjr`js ma jmotmrs amr Gbm‘s brgh`s.‗ Bt Erbv`fkurst, tk` Okhf`s` uforbt`j’b gmst hftrhobt` bfj l`buthauiiy glrmhj`r`j pmrtrbht‗ma Jr. L`tkuf` bfj pr`s`ft`j ht bs b ehat hf tk` kmp`

tkbt tk` L`tkuf` kmg` ghekt lòmg` bf khstmrhobi sht`. F`xt jby, tk` Pfhv`rshty ma Zmrmftm‘s Qbrshty Br`fb

r`smufj`j whtk ok``rs armg tk` gmr` tkbf :,444 spòtbtmrs wkm turf`j mut amr tk` Zmur gbtok`s tkbt tk` Okhf`s` spiht ?-?.

Bfmtk`r bujh`fo` ma :,444, Okbfjrb Gbjmshfek tìis us, bwbht`j tk` Okhf`s` bt tk`Qbfomuv`r Bermjmg`. Maa omurt tk`r` wbs tk` j` rheuùr shekts``hfe‚tk` abg`j Bqubrhug(080 jhaa`r`ft spòh`s, hfoiujhfe tk` sk`-chii`r wkbi` _cbfb wkm bts 2<4 pmufjs ma ahsk p`r jby), bfj tk` sobry swhfehfe Obphibf Obfymf Lrhje`‚wkhok bigmst ?4 y`brs ibt`r gy wha`

wmuij rhsc l`hfe mf, mfiy tm l` nmhf`j uf`xpòt`jiy ly t``fbe`rs wkm fnmy`j tk` auf ma a`bri`ssiy nugphfe up bfj jmwf mf ht, nust ihc` Okhf`s` Z`bg g`gl`rs Km Zsu-phf bfj KuU`h-kshf w`r` jmhfe fmw. Zk`f‚wkm omuij jmult tk` Okhf`s` w`r` hf sba` kbfjs=‚up tk`y

w`ft mf tk` b`rhbi trbgwby ’scyrhj`‗ tm tk` tmp ma Ermus` Gmuftbhf. Zk`f jmwf tm b sba`,oimshfe Lbfqu`t whtk bf bppròhbthv` sp`òk ly Uhiihbg X`` r`pr`s`fthfe tk` imobi Okhf`sòmggufhty.

Lboc hf Mttbwb, tk`r` w`r` b a`w `xkhlhthmfs tm ehv` bfj gmr` shekts tm s``‚tkÒ`ftrbi @xp`rhg`ftbi Abrg, tk` Obfbjhbf Hft`rfbthmfbi Tbp`r Omgpbfy…ufthi tk` P._.‘sErbkbg _t``fkmv`f brrhv`j tm tbc` tk` Okhf`s` mf tk`hr ’Thfe-Tmfe Jhpimgboy‗ wby tm tk`_tbt`s.

Hfshekt Hftm Erbkbg _t``fkmv`f

_t``fkmv`f, ma omurs`, bs tk` I`bj`r ma tk` P._. Z`bg,rò`hv`j pi`fty ma Ar ` Tr ss btt`fthmf. K`r`, amr xbgpi`, br`

`xo`rpts armg J`trmht‘s Gbrybff` Omfk`hg‘s Bpr. <, 285< hft`rvh`wwhtk Erbkbg, b Okrysi`r `gpimy`` amr bigmst :: y`brs, wkm tìis k`r k` kbs ’b s`fs` ma wkbt‘s rhekt‗>

’…_t``fkmv`f skuff`j tk` ihgìhekt amr gmftks, lòbus` ‛tk` wkmi tkhfe Stk` fèmthbthfe amr tk` Okhf`s` tmomg` tm tk` P._.W wbs sm jìhobt` tm g`. H wbs barbhj H wmuij n`mpbrjhz` wkbt wbs prhoì`ss.‘

Tmrtrbht ma Jr. Fmrgbf L`tkuf`,

sure`mf tm Gbm Zs`-tufeArmg OZZB F`ws, Nuiy, 285<, 28

Erbkbg _t``fkmv`fTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



?<8

K` `v`f ai`w tm Ubskhfetmf tm s`` Tr`shj`ft Fhxmf ufj`r bf bssug`j fbg`‚ tkbt ma khs lrmtk`r-hf-ibw, Nbg`s Orbll, hf mrj`r tm sbaèubrj tk` `xokbfe`.

Lut p`mpi` emt tm khg….Obiis omg` tm _t``fkmv`f `v`f bt ghjfhekt bfj wk`f k` sbys k`‘s smrry, tkbt k`

obf‘t brrbfe` b ebg` whtk tk` Okhf`s`, tk` obii`rs smg`thg`s sor`bg> ‛Ukm‘s r`biiy hf

okbre` ma tkhs tmur bfywby=‘_t``fkmv`f hs, lut k` smg`thg`s tìis tk` gmr` p`rshst`ft tkbt k` hs fmt btihl`rty tm tìi tk`g wkm‘s hf okbre`, ‛lòbus` H jmf‘t wbft tkbt p`rsmf `xpms`j tm ymur blus`.‘

SK` tìis Gs. Omfk`hgW…‛H‘ii ahekt amr wkbt‘s rhekt. Bfj ha ymu `v`r e`t g` hftmb ahekt, H wmf‘t em ly Gbrquhs ma Ru``fsl`rry rui`s.‘

…SK` jm`sf‘t wmrryW blmut tk` Okhf`s` s``hfe jhrt mr orhg` hf tk` str``ts. ‛Ht

jm`sf‘t `glbrrbss g` lòbus` tkbt‘s Bg`rhob….Gbyl` ht‘ii kìp us oi`bf ht up.‘Kmst `xtrbmrjhfbhr` _t``fkmv`f jm`sf‘t hft`fj tm skmw maa Bg`rhob‘s abfoy

obrs, oimtk`s bfj pmss`sshmfs> ‛H wmuijf‘t skmw wkbt wmuij gbc` tk`hr mwf shtubthmfss``g i`ss.‘

‛H‘j ihc` tk`g tm s`` gmr` ma tk` hftbfehli`s, ihc` lbs`lbii, p`mpi` fnmyhfetk`gsìv`s hf tk` pbrc. H wbft tk`g tm cfmw tkbt Bg`rhob hsf‘t guok jhaa`r`ft armg

Okhfb hf t`rgs ma tk` p`mpi`.‘‗

Bs _t``fkmv`f‘s imfe s`rvho` tm tk` P_ZZB hs omghfe tm bf `fj, k` ehv`s j`tbhis ma khsiha` tkbt gmst g`gl`rs ma tk` Bssmohbthmf kbv` fm bwbr`f`ss ma>

’…_t``fkmv`f `gherbt`j whtk khs abghiy armg @feibfj tm tk` Pfht`j _tbt`s

wk`f k` wbs 2? y`brs mij. Khs lmykmmj hjmis w`r` Ru``f Qhotmrhb ’b sup`r kugbfhfjhvhjubi‗ bfj tk` Juc` ma Uhfjsmr. ‛H r`biiy bjghr`j tk` Juc`, lut wk`f k` iàt tk`tkrmf`, k` imst g`….‘

_t``fkmv`f‘s abtk`r wbs b st`ì amufjry sup`rhft`fj`ft hf @feibfj. ‛H jmf‘tcfmw wky k` iàt,‘ _t``fkmv`f sbhj….‛K` wbs blsmiutìy ghjji`-oibss @feibfj. K`kbj b obr hf 28<:, wk`f fmlmjy kbj b obr….‘

_t``fkmv`f jrmpp`j mut ma khek sokmmi hf tk` 24tk erbj` tm obr` amr khs bhihfegmtk`r bfj f`wlmrf shst`r. ‛H eu`ss H jhjf‘t ihc` sokmmi lòbus` H wbs b strbfe`r hf tkhsomuftry,‘ k` sbhj. K` emt b nml whtk Lrhees Gbfuaboturhfe Om. hf 28<;, bs b $04 bgmftk oi`rc hf tk` `gpimyg`ft maaho`. Okrysi`r boquhr`j Lrhees hf 280:.

…Jurhfe tk` J`pr`sshmf, _t``fkmv`f Swkm, ihc` mtk`r `gpimy``s ’emt ibhj maa b imt‗W ’skmvì`j sfmw, wbsk`j whfjmws, oi`bf`j aur ombts, bfj gmv`j brmufj b imt.

Khs pbr`fts lòbg` bpbrtg`ft obr`tbc`rs amr ar`` r`ft. Zm _t``fkmv`f‘s abtk`r, tk`f btmmi bfj jh` gbc`r bt Lrhees, tk` J`pr`sshmf ‛wbs jàhfhtìy b limw. Lut gy abtk`r

f`v`r orh`j. K` wbs b tmuek mij lhrj.‘…S_t `fkmv`f tmmc gbfy puliho sp`bchfe omurs`s‚W bt _mutk`bst`rf fhekt

sokmmi, tk` XGOB, Lrhees bfj Okrysi`r….SBism, k` sbhjW ‛H wbs hfvmiv`j hf smatlbii, lmwihfe, lmxhfe, `v rytkhfe,‘ Samr k`W gbfbe`j gbfy ma tk` t`bgs….

_t``fkmv`f‘s mij sokmmi imybity hs bw`smg`> ‛Gy ufj`rw`br kbs tk` Okrysi`r p`ftbstbr mf ht….‘

…SErbkbg bfj khs wha` Jmimr`sW g`t hf Stk`hr Tr`slyt`rhbfW okurok. K` wbs 28bfj sk` wbs 25. ‛H blsmiutìy okbs`j k`r,‘ k` sbhj….K` prmujiy ròbiis tkbt ‛w` sbv`j



??4

up mur ahrst gmf`y bfj sp`ft ht bii mf b ghfc ombt amr Jmimr`s, wk`f w` w`r` ihvhfe hf

bf upp`r aibt, làmr` w` `v`f kbj b obr.‘ SErbkbg bfj khs wha` ’kbv` fm okhijr`f.‗W

‛U`‘r` omgpi`tìy ghjji` oibss,‘ k` omfa`ss`s kbpphiy, bjghtthfe bism tkbt k`

bfj Jmimr`s mfo` kbj b ahekt. _k` stmpp`j khg omij whtk tk` ihf`, ‛Ukm ehv`s b jbgf

blmut ymu l`shj`s g`=‘‗

Fmt Ei`ff Omwbf‚fmt armg tk` jhshft`r`st k` skmw`j Erbkbg hf Okhfb, bfj tk` sbj

stbt` k` wbs hf wk`f tk` Okhf`s` obg` tm tk` P._. Lut Ei`ff jhj kurrh`jiy e`t mut b tbli`

t`ffhs lmmc‚wkhok ma omurs` obuekt tk` btt`fthmf ma Zmphos r`vh`w`r Jmf Euff. Zkhs ;4-

pbe` Kmw Zm Tiby lmmc, pulihsk`j ly Ermss t bfj Jufibp, kbs iàt-kbfj`j Ei`ff hiiustrbthfe

’`bok pmhft twho`, mfo` amr tk` rhektkbfj`j piby`r, bfj mfo` amr tk` smutkpbw.‗ Zkbt hs, tk`

pkmtms br` ’aimpp`j,‗ tk`f r`prhft j hf ghrrmr abskhmf. Euff hs bism hgpr ss`j tkbt tkhs

smatlmufj lmmc, g`bsurhfe ; bfj ¹ ly 24 bfj ¶, hs mf sbi` amr $<.80 ’bt ibre` gbebzhf`

rbocs‗ brmufj tk` omuftry.

Euff fmt`s tkbt hf Nmkffy I`bok‘s kbrjlmufj Zbli` Z`ffhs amr tk` _`v`fth`s (B._.

Lbrf`s, $1.80) Omwbf bfj Zbff`khii br` tbchfe tk` lruft ma ’tk` wkhriwhfj khtthfe ma tk`

Nbpbf`s` okbgphmfs hf jmuli`s bothmf.‗ Hf tk` twm pkmtms skmwf (armg Jmuli`s piby bt tk`Gufhok Umrij‘s), Kbsèbwb ’gbc`s lmtk tk` ‛chiis‘ bebhfst tk` P_B pbhr.‗ Lut, hf tk` lmttmg

pkmtm, Ei`ff bfj Nmkf br` fm imfe`r vhshli`, amr tk`y‘v` gmrpk`j hftm Fhe`rhb‘s Ubhjh

Jbwmju/Tkhihp _bftms. Lut, k`y, wkm obf wrht` b lmmc whtkmut bf `rrmr= Bfj, omfshj`rhfe bii

tk` hiiustrbthv` pkmtms ma wmrij-oibss piby`rs, Euff omfoiuj`s, ’H‘ii wrht` smg`tkhfe H‘v` f`v`r

wrhtt`f làmr` blmut b tbli` t`ffhs lmmc‚LPX HZ.‗

Mr, smrry, JMF‘Z, k` sbys‚amr, mf r`vh`whfe I`bok‘s smatlmufj Zbli` Z ffhs Gbj`

@bsy (Uhiskhr` Lmmc Om., $<), k` ahfjs tk`y‘r` mf` bfj tk` sbg` lmmc! Amr nust b okbfe` hf

tk` thti` bfj tk` smat omv`r, ’wky pby $1.80 wk`f ymu obf e`t tk` sbg` lmmc amr mfiy $<.‗

Euff bism r`vh`ws _h Ubss`rgbf‘s upjbt`j Zbli` Z`ffhs, bf Btki`tho Hfsthtut` _`rh`s

lmmc put mut b jòbj` bem amr ymufe piby`rs, bfj quht` omrròtiy oht`s b gbnmr aibw. Tmmr _h.

Ht‘s mlvhmus k` kbj fmtkhfe tm jm whtk tk` blsurj obpthmfs ehv`f tk` bothmf pkmtms ma tk`

Okhf`s` piby`rs. Bs gy hft`fthmf hs tm sygpbtkhz` fmt `glbrrbss, H‘ii oht` mfiy mf` `xbgpi`.

Zk` pkmtm skmws Okubfe Zs`-tufe amiimwhfe tkrmuek mf b amr`kbfj kht. Zk` obpthmf r`bjs,

’Tr`pbrhfe amr b lbockbfj jrhv`, tkhs piby`r kbs khs rhekt shj` tmwbrj tk` tbli`, khs brg r`bjy

tm swhfe amrwbrj tm strhc` tk` lbii.‗ _mg` upjbt`. L`tt`r ymu s`` J`bf Nmkfsmf‘s Tkmtm

_`qu`fo` ma Okubfe bfj r`bj Z`k Cbm‘s brthoi` (H‘j suggbrhz`j hf Qmi. HQ) mf tk` ?-thg`

Umrij Okbgphmf (ZZZ , Nuiy-Bue., 285<, 0).

Bfj wkhi` H‘g mf tk` sulnòt ma pkmtms, H gust sby tkbt Lmeebf bs @jhtmr hs fmt bs

obràui bs k` skmuij l` blmut ehvhfe prmp`r pkmtm or`jht tm Gbi Bfj`rsmf bfj \uaamrj

Kbrrhsmf. \uaamrj skmws (ZZZ , Nuiy-Bue., 285<, 2:) k`‘s emt b sihoc s`fs` ma kugmr wk`f k`

prbhs`s Gbi amr tk` pkmtmerbpkho wmrc k` jhj wk`f tk` Okhf`s` vhsht`j us. Gbi, k` sbhj, hs’pkmtmpsyokho‗‚’wbs bli` tm pkmtmerbpk tk` sbg` so`f`s H tmmc. H jmf‘t g`bf tkbt khs

photur`s w`r` shghibr tm ghf`. Khs skmts ma Jhsf`yibfj w`r` hj`fthobi, tk` v`ry spht bfj hgbe`

ma gy mwf.‗ Hf abot, omfthfu`s \uaamrj, Gbi hs ’tì`pkmtmpsyokho.‗ ’Bs làmr`,‗ sbys \uaamrj,

’khs obg`rb abhtkauiiy ròmrjs wkbt hs mf tk` ahig hf bfmtk`r obg`rb, lut tkhs thg` mf`

s`pbrbt`j ly tkmusbfjs ma ghi`s. Fmt` tk` `xoìi`ft r`smiuthmf hf khs pkmtmerbpk ma Ok`fe

Ghf-okhk pibyhfe tk` boomrjhmf hf tk` Gmfjbvh Qhf`ybrj f`br _bf Arbfohsom tbc`f wkhi` Gr.

Bfj`rsmf wbs hf Tkhibjìpkhb.‗



??2

Okubfe, Lmeebf cfmws armg amiimwhfe khg rmufj tk`P._. mf khs ’Thfe-Tmfe Jhpimgboy‗ Zmur (H `fj Qmi. Q, H‘gkbppy tm sby, whtk b omrròtiy bttrhlut`j Kbrrhsmf pkmtm ma Okubfe), hs b pmpuibr `x-Okbgphmf wkm‘s l`hfe c`pt lusy, bti`bst amr tk` gmg`ft. Lut kmw‘s `x-Okbgphmf Kbsèbwb

jmhfe= K` tìis us (ZZZ , Gby-Nuf`, 285<, 24) tkbt k` mw`s bj`lt tm khs pbr`fts, bfj tkbt, j`spht` imss`s tm _thpbfoho bfjL`fetssmf bt tk` ibst twm Umrij‘s, k` wmrcs tm stby aht bfjupl`bt>

’…_hfo` H erbjubt`j S’armg tk` Bhokh Hfsthtut` ma Zòkfmimey‗W, H kbv` omg` tm piby tbli` t`ffhs 2) tm luhij up b

k`bitky lmjy sm tkbt H obf `fjur` bfy wmrc, <) tm lòmg` busàui gbf hf smoh`ty, ?) tm skmw bs gbfy p`mpi` bs pmsshli`kmw spi`fjhj tbli` t`ffhs hs, :) tm ehv` gy bujh`fo` omurbe`bfj omfahj`fo` Stkrmuek ’fmurhskhfe gy ahekthfe sphrht‗W, bfj

0) tm i`brf armg gy mppmf`ft bfj tm kbv` khg i`brf armgg`….‗

K` tkhfcs fmw k` ’wbs tmm guok omfo`rf`j whtkvhotmry‗ hf tk` pbst, tkmuek k` sthii kbrlmrs tkmuekts ma whfhfe bfmtk`r Umrij Okbgphmfskhp.G`bfwkhi`, k` sbys>

’…_tujy hs v`ry hgpmrtbft tm gbchfe emmj r`suits. Gy wmrc Sbt tk` Zbgbsu

OmgpbfyW ma jhthfe tk` gbebzhf` SZbli` Z`ffhs \`pmrt , wk`r`hf, hf A`l., ‘5<, tkhsbrthoi` ahrst bpp`br`jW ure`s g` tm wrht` gbfusorhpts mf tk` jrhv`, kmw tm gbc` b chiiskmt, rò`hv` tbothos, `to. H tkhfc ma strmfe piby`rs hf Okhfb bfj @urmp`, bfj H wrht`

armg gy `xp`rh`fo`….‗

@feihsk Mp`f

_m ma omurs` jm @jhtmr Lmeebf‘smv`rs`bs omrr`spmfj`fts,

@feibfj‘s Tkhi \`hj bfj Xuemsibvhb‘s ^j`fcm Pzmrhfbo,wrht` mut ma tk`hr tbli` t`ffhs xp`rh`fo`‚bfj Zmphosr`bj`rs br` erbtàui amr tk`hr omv`rbe` ma smg` ma tkÙmrij‘s gmst hgpmrtbft tmurfbg`fts. Zkbfcs tm Tkhi

(Gby-Nuf`, 285<, <4-<2), k`r`‘s wkbt kbpp`f`j bt tk`:0tk (285<) @feihsk Mp`f, kìj Gbr. <-: bt Lrhektmf‘s

Jmg` bfj Omrf @xokbfe`.@briy hf tk` G`f‘s Z bg‘s, Ozòkmsimvbchb‚

Ghibf Mrimwsch (@urmp` #2<), Nbrmsibv Cufz (#2:), bfj_tàbf Cmiibrmvhts (#21)‚skut mut Xuemsibvhb # HH‚

Ghihvmn Cbrbcbs`vho ((#8) bfj Hstvbf Cmrpb (#22). ZkÒzòks tk`f lbrìy gbfbe`j tm l`bt @feibfj HH, ?-<.Mrimwsch, b ’abst-gmvhfe, ìèbft piby`r,‗ kbj b fbrrmwwhf mv`r Fhocy Nbrvhs wkm wbs ’immphfe, khtthfe, bfj

Nbpbf‘s 2815 Umrij Okbgphmf

Fmlukhcm Kbsèbwb

Ormbthbf Khstmrhbf ^j`fcm PzmrhfboArmg Pzmrhfbo‘s Iè`fjs, lboc omv`r



??<

gmvhfe v`ry wìi.‗ Lut Omggmfw`bitk OkbgpZr`vmr Zbyimr th`j tk` th` ly l`sthfe Cufz wkm, hfrbrìy gmvhfe armg tk` tbli`, ’pibys b fugl`r ma skmrt nbls, pusk`s bfj skmrt-brg sgbsk`s.‗ Nbrvhs/Zbyimr tk`f tmmc tk` Jmuli`s‚bfj @feibfj HH wbs

bk`bj <-2. Zm fm bvbhi, kmw`v`r. Mrimwsch w`ft mftm stmp Zbyimr3 bfj Cufz, Nbrvhs‚tk` Ozòkwhffhfe b <<-<4 swhfe ebg`. (Fmt` tkbt Mrimwsch,Cufz, bfj Hi`fb Qmstmvb whtk b p`raòt 1-4 ròmrjobg` 2st hf tk` Ahrst Jhvhshmf @urmp`bf I`beu`. Bfjtkbt b v`ry jhsbppmhft`j Arbfo` (2-0> 20-<5), bat`r imshfe hts ahfbi gbtok, wbs rìèbt`j ly tk` tkhff`st

ma gbrehfs tm tk` <fj Jhvhshmf hfst`bj ma @feibfj (2-03 21-<1), wkm wmf hts ahfbi gbtok.)

’Auii ma lmufo` bfj nmvhbihty bs usubi wbsNhg Ibfebf, p`rkbps tk` l`st piby`r Hrìbfj kbs v`r

prmjuo`j.‗ Bat`r tk` Hrhsk kbj cfmoc`j maa Fhe`rhb,tk`y abo`j _w`j`f H, wk`rùpmf tk` iàty Ibfebf

’f`briy lrmuekt maa tk` skmoc ma tk` s`bsmf wk`f kì`j Umrij Okbgphmf _tìibf L`fetssmf 2?-; hf tk`tkhrj. ’F`briy,‗ jhj w` k`br= Ti`fty ma thg`‚ L`fetssmf wmf <2-25. Zk`f _w`j`f H jà`bt`j Ozòkmsimvbchb ?-2‚whtk Cmiibrmvhtsups`tthfe Cnìi Nmkbfssmf hf strbhekt ebg`s.

Mf tk` mtk`r shj` ma tk` Jrbw, ht wbs

Xuemsibvhb‚Jrbeuthf _url`c (Umrij #?) bfj Bftmf_thpbfoho (Umrij #;)‚wkm‘j bjvbfo`j ?-4 mv`r @feibfj H, bebhfst Kufebry‚Gbtybs Lì`zfby bfj T`t`r

\mzsbs (Nmfy`r bfj Cibgpbr jhjf‘t btt`fj). \mzsbs kbj`brih`r imst tm tk` @feihsk Nufhmr Okbgphmf _hgmfK`bps, lut hf tkhs th`, hf tk` mp`fhfe gbtok, tk` iàty

Kufebrhbf piby`j v`ry wìi hf jrmpphfe b tmuek 28-hf-tk`-?rj gbtok tm _thpbfoho. F`xt up> tk` btki`tho _url`c,wkm, bs `xpòt`j, mv`rpmw`r`j Lì`zfby. Uhtk tk`Xuemsibvs up <-4, tk` Jmuli`s wmuij `fj ht= Fmp`._url`c wmuij oims` tkmuek‚fm qu`sthmf. Fmp`.\mzsbs, ’rbfc`j blmut ; hf Kufebry,‗ prmv`j tm l` ’v`ry

ihekt mf khs a``t bfj whtk b sur` tmuok‗ jmwf`j _url`c,<2-2< hf tk` ?rj. Fmw ha Lì`zfby omuij whf tk` jòhj`r….Lut _thpbfoho f`v`r biimw`j khg ’tm

e`t r`biiy jbfe`rmus.‗Hf tk` ahfbi, _thpbfoho mp`f`j amr Xuemsibvhb whtk b guok-bppibuj`j, oims` 2st ebg`

whf mv`r Nmkbfssmf, tk`f ahfhsk`j khg whtk b s`rh`s ma ’oruskhfe amr`kbfjs.‗ Fmw, hf tk` <fj

gbtok…

’…Zk` somr` f`briy lòbg` <-4 wk`f Jrbeuthf _url`c‚…mf` ma tk` gmst`ft`rtbhfhfe ma bii piby`rs‚f`briy emt kmg` hf strbhekt ebg`s bebhfst _tìibfL`fetssmf. Zk` ormwj imv`j khs khek-imll`j r`turfs, khs tr`g`fjmus sp``j, bfj khs

Ozòkmsimvbchb‘s Ghibf Mrimwsch

Armg tk` 285? _brbn`vm Umrij‘s Trmerbg

T`t`r \mzsbs...jà`bt`j _url`c

Armg tk` 285? Lujbp`st \bhiwbys

_pmrt Oiul Hfamrgbthmf Lmmci`t



???

er`bt behihty. Ha tk` ormwj bppibuj`j _url`c‘swmrc-rbt`, tk`f tk`y o`rtbhfiy bppròhbt`j tkòibss ma L`fetssmf. Bt <2-<4 up hf tk` sòmfj,_url`c f`briy gbj` b r`turf wkhok‚bt tk` thg`k` w`ft amr ht‚jhjf‘t immc r`gmtìy pmsshli`.

Kbj ht kbv` emf` mf H a`ì sur` k` wmuij kbv`wmf, lut ht jhjf‘t bfj wk`f L`fetssmf wmf tk`sòmfj k` gust kbv` l``f abhriy omfahj`ft k`wmuij tbc` tk` tkhrj S‚bfj jhjW.‗

Zk` _w`j`s tk`f wmf tk` Jmuli`s‚ wkhok s`t tk` stbe` amr tk` L`fetssmf-_thpbfoho

strueei`. Ht w`ft tkr`` ebg`s, whtk tk`Xuemsibv mat`f jà`fjhfe tm whf tk` <fj bfj

stby hf tk` gbtok….Zk`f, up <4-21 hf tk` ?rj, _thpbfoho ’s`ft y`t bfmtk`r amr`kbfj jrhv`rmoc`thfe pbst L`fetssmf‘s mutstr`tok`j brgs‗ tm oihfok tk` whf. Fmw, whtk tk` th` th`j <-<,

Nmkbfssmf, gbchfe sup`rl pibo`g`fts, ’wbs bli` tm pr`v`ft _url`c armg ushfe khs j`bjiyamr`kbfj.‗ _m, G`f‘s Z`bg `v`ft tm tk` _w`j`s.

Hf tk` Umg`f‘s Z`bg‘s, tk` @feihsk piby`rs jhjf‘t jm wìi. J`spht` Ihfjb Kmwbrj‘swhf mv`r Oibuj` L`re`r`t, @feibfj HH aìi tm Arbfo` ?-23 bfj tk`f tk` ’hf`xp`rh`fo`jKufebrhbf t`bg‗ ma Gmifbr bfj _z`fjy ìhghfbt`j @feibfj H, ?-2. Arbfo` wbs must`j, ?-2.Zkmuek L`re`r`t wbs bli` tm l`bt Obrg`f Orhsbf, \ugbfhb‘s Gbrh` Bi`xbfjru, cfmwf amr k`r jà`fs`, skmw`j sk` kbj b pmw`raui bttboc tmm‚ ’jhspbtok`j amr`kbfj chiis tm bii pbrts ma tk` l`whij`r`j Lrhehtt` Zkhrh`t‘s omurt‗ tm `v`f tkhfes up. Bs tk` th prmer`ss`j, tk` ’Ar`fok ehris

omuij jm fmtkhfe tm st`g…Stk`hr mppmf`fts‘W aimwma skmts.‗

Ukhi`, hf tk` mf` s`gh‘s, Kufebry w`ft

jmwf bs ha pbyhfe kmgbe` tm Ozòkmsimvbchb, hf tk`mtk`r, \ugbfhb wbs kbvhfe s`rhmus prmli`gs whtk_w`j`f. Zkmuek Bi`xbfjru (Umrij #;) cfmoc`j

maa I`fb Bfj`rssmf, _w`j`f gmr` tkbf omuft`r`jwk`f Lhrehttb \bjl`re l`bt Obrg`f Orhsbf (Umrij#2? hf 2818) bfj \bjl`re/Bfj`rssmf tmmc tk`jmuli`s. Zk`f, surprhs`, \bjl`re, ufrbfc`j hf@urmp`, phoc-khtthfe wìi, jà`bt`j Bi`xbfjru hf ?.Hf tk` ahfbi, ymufe Ozòk sup`r-stbr Himfb Qmstmvb

(Umrij #?) omuij fmt l`bt `htk`r _w`j`, sm bii tk` pr`ssur` wbs mf Bihohb Ermamvb (Umrij #22) bfj

sk` kbfji`j ht wìi, nust `jehfe mut \bjl`re, jùo`hf tk` ?rj, tm ehv` tk` Ozòks tk` Z`bg thti`.

Tbus` fmw whtk omv`rhfe r`pmrt`r Tkhi \`hjwkhi` k` kbs b jrhfc mr twm hf omfe`fhbi omgpbfy,

hfoiujhfe tkbt ma HZZA Tr`shj`ft K. \my @vbfswkmg tk` Ru``f kbs nust r`wbrj`j amr ’s`rvho`sr`fj`r`j tm tbli` t`ffhs.‗ \my hs fmw bf ML@, ’bg`gl`r ma tk` Mrj`r ma tk` Lrhthsk @gphr`.‗

_url`c> obf k` sthii whf tk` pmhft=...Armg tk` 285< @urmp` Zmp 2< Trmerbg

Lhrehttb \bjl`reArmg tk` _w`jhsk Lmrjt`ffhs, Jò., 2852



??:

Hf G`f‘s _hfei`s piby, \`hj pmhfts mut tkbt @feibfj‘s Zr`vmr Zbyimr, somrhfe whtk imfe-swhfe immps, piby`j ’smg` erbfj stuaa‗ bebhfst L`fetssmf‚’f`briy wmf tkr`` strbhekt (kbj b lhe i`bj hf tk` ahrst, wmf tk` s omfj, bfj imst tk` tkhrj bt 28‗), tk`f omuijf‘t survhv` tkàmurtk. @bsy tm fbg` tk` gmst ah`roìy omft`st`j qubrt`r‘s gbtok> \mzsbs bigmst stmpp`j_thpbfoho, jrmpphfe b kbrj-tm-amre`t jmwf`r, <<-<4 hf tk` 0tk. Hf tk` s`gh‘s, L`fetssmf l`bt

_thpbfoho hf strbhekt ebg`s, wkhi` Nmkbfssmf emt tk` l`tt`r ma _url`c. Kmw mat`f gust tk`sàhfbihsts piby mf` bfmtk`r, `v`f tkmuek Cnìi ’ihv`s 224 chimg`tr`s bwby‗ armg _tìibf. Uhtk’lmtk piby`rs khtthfe bfj omuft`r-khtthfe,‗ tk` thti` w`ft tm L`fetssmf hf :. Zk` _w`j`s,kmw`v`r, jhj fmt whf tk` Jmuli`s‚tk`y w`r` ups`t ly Lì`zfby/\mzsbs, <<-<4 hf tk` 0tk. Zk`Kufebrhbfs tk`f imst tm Cbrbcbs`vho/Cmrpb wkm aìi hf tk` ahfbi tm aìimw Xuemsibvs _url`c/_thpbfoho. \`hj sbysXuemsibv schpp`r Jusbf Msgbfbnho str`ss`j _thpbfoho‘s blhihty tm bjbpt khsebg` tm gbfy jhaa`r`ft pbrtf`rs.

Hf Umg`f‘s piby, Bi`xbfjru bv`fe`j k`r imss hf tk` Z`bg‘s tm \bjl`re, l`bthfe k`r hftk` s`gh‘s ?-2, bat`r imshfe tk` 2st, fbrrmwiy whffhfe tk` <fj, tk`f tkrbskhfe k`r 5 bfj 24. Hf tk`strbhekt-ebg` ahfbi, sk` prmv`j oi`briy sup`rhmr tm Qmstmvb, bfj sm wmf tkhs @feihsk Mp`f_hfei`s thti` amr tk` tkhrj y`br hf b rmw. _k` bism tmmc lmtk Jmuli`s‚tk` Umg`f‘s whtk

@i`mfmrb Qibhomv, tk` Ghx`j whtk _thpbfoho.

@urmp`bf Okbgphmfskhps

Amiimwhfe tk` @feihskMp`f, ht‘ii l` Pzmrhfbo‘sturf tm c``p ushfamrg`j‚k`‘ii omv`r tk`

285< @urmp`bf

Okbgphmfskhps, kìj Bpr. 20-<< hf\mtt`rjbg. Zk` G`f‘s Z bg‘s w`r` hfhthbiiyjhvhj`j hftm twm Ermups, B bfj L. _w`j`f

wmf Ermup B‚mv`r \ugbfhb, 0-43 mv`r U`stE`rgbfy, 0-? (_okmì`r l`bt L`fetssmf, <-2!)3 mv`r Bustrhb 0-2 (U`hfgbff l`bt

Nmkbfssmf <-2 bat`r Cnìi wbs up <4-25 hf tk`?rj!)3 mv`r J`fgbrc, 0-43 bfj mv`r Kufebry 0-? (Nmkbfssmf imst tm Nmfy`r, <-23 L`fetssmf l`bt Nmfy`r <-4). Hf oims` th`s, Kufebry l`btU`st E`rgbfy 0-: (whtk Nmfy`r whffhfe bii?)3 bfj J`fgbrc l`bt Bustrhb 0-:.

Xuemsibvhb wmf Ermup L‚mv`r Er`ò` bfj _pbhf, 0-43 mv`r Ozòkmsimvbchb

0-< (_url`c l`bt Mrimwsch 24 bfj 0!)3 mv`r Arbfo`, 0-23 mv`r @feibfj, 0-2 (J`fhs F`bi` l`bt _thpbfoho), bfj mv`r P__\, 0-: (Emgmzcmv l`bt _url`c, <-4, Cmrpb, <-2, bfj _thpbfoho, <-2, bfj Bfbtmiy _trmcbtmv l`bt _thpbfoho, <-4).Ozòkmsimvbchb jmwf`j P__\, 0-: (tk` Ozòk Nhrh Zurbh, hf omgphihfe b 24-4 ròmrj, tmmc bii

?).Ahfbi> _w`j`f l`bt Xuemsibvhb, 0-2 (Lm T`rssmf imst tm _url`c lut l`bt _thpbfoho!).Bs ymu obf s``, _thpbfoho (whtk 0 imss`s) kbj b LBJ tmurfbg`ft‚sm tk` i`ss sbhj

blmut tkbt tk` l`tt`r shfo` mur r`pmrt`r‘s armg ^ber`l. Kmw`v`r, ^j`fcm jm`s j`tbhi kmw tk`

E`rgbfy‘s 2818 Umrij _hfei`s \uff`r-up

@lly _okmi`rArmg tk` 285? _brbn`vm Umrij‘s Trmerbg



??0

\usshbfs jrmpp`j twm kmrrhaho th`s> ’…Zk` iàt-kbfj`r armg Lbcu, _brckhs _brkmnbf,okbgphmf ma tk` P__\, wbs tk` gbhf ‛maa`fj`r.‘ _brckhs wmf tk` ahrst s`t bebhfst Mrimwsch <2-1 bfj hf tk` <fj wbs i`bjhfe <4-2?…bfj y`t hfor`jhliy imst tk` gbtok!‗ Bfj bs ha tkhs w`r`f‘t`fmuek, wk`f tk` _mvh`ts w`r` :-? up mf Xuemsibvhb, _brckmnbf wbs i`bjhfe Cmrpb jmuli`gbtok pmhft, lut omuijf‘t kmij mf amr tk` whf, bfj \usshb imst.

Hf tk` Umg`f‘s Z`bg‘s, Kufebry wmf Ermup B‚mv`r @bst E`rgbfy, ?-43 mv`r P__\, ?-4 (Chskbzh l`bt A`jmrmvb, <-43 Gbems l`bt \ujfmvb, <-4!, bfj Gbems/Ibttbi`r l`bt\ujfmvb/A`jmrmvb, <-2)3 mv`r \ugbfhb, ?-<3 mv`r N`rs`y, ?-43 bfj mv`r _w`j`f, ?-< (hf tk`0tk gbtok, Gbems l`bt I`fb Bfj`rssmf jùo` hf tk` ?rj!).

U`st E`rgbfy wmf Ermup L‚mv`r Ozòkmsimvbchb, ?-<3 mv`r Xuemsibvhb, ?-43 mv`r _pbhf, ?-43 mv`r Luiebrhb, ?-<3 mv`r @feibfj, ?-2.

Ahfbi> Kufebry mv`r U`st E`rgbfy, ?-4‚fm omft`st.

Zk`r` w`r` o`rtbhfiy b a`w `briy-rmufj gbtok`s tm tbic blmut hf tk` G`f‘s _hfei`s(’2?4 pbrthohpbfts armg <5 fbthmfs‗‚`xo`pt, sbys j`fcm, Cibgpbr obprhohmusiy ’iàt khsKufebrhbf omgrbj`s ‛mf tk` spmt‘ bt tk` ibst ghfut`, oryhfe amr khs hfnur`j brg= mr amr gmf`yarmg tk` Bssmohbthmf=‗). Arbfo`‘s N`bf-Tbui U`l`r, brg`j, H pr`sug`, whtk lmtk`rsmg`

bfthsphf, mv`r Cbrbcbs`vho hf 0. Fmrly Qbf j` Ubii`, `x- P._. Hft`rfbthmfbi wkm‘j iàt tk`_tbt`s 24 y`brs `brih`r amr Lìehug, mv`r Mrimwsch, ?-< !). Uhiarh`j Ihòc, tk` 285< bfj autur`

0-thg` E`rgbf Fbthmfbi Okbgphmf, mv`r _url`c, ?-2. Bfj Cmrpb, armg jmwf <-4‚tk` mfiy0-ebg` gbtok hf tk` ;tk‘s‚mv`r Nmkbfssmf, mf` ma tk` abvmrht`s tmwhf.

Ht bpp`br`j tkbt L`fetssmftmm wbs emhfe tm em mut ma tk`

tmurfbg`ft, amr hf tk` qubrt`r‘s k`kbj tm piby Emgmzcmv, wkmgk`‘j imst tm tk` ibst amur thg`s.

’Lut _tìibf fùtrbihz`jEmgmzcmv‘s jbfe`rmus lbockbfjaihoc,‗ bfj w`ft mf tm lihtz

_thpbfoho wkm‘j l`bt khg hfLrhektmf. Nmfy`r, g`bfwkhi`,bjvbfo`j whtk bsy gbtok`sbebhfst F`bi` (wkm‘j ìhghfbt`jIhòc) bfj Cmrpb. Hf tk` ahfbi,whtk ebg`s 2-2, Nmfy`r tmmc tk`

hgpmrtbft ?rj, <?-<2. Hf tk` :tk, tk` Kufebrhbf wbs up 2;-21, lut omuijf‘t whf armg 28-bii. Hftk` 0tk, L`fetssmf bebhf wmf bs, `v`f up, tk`y stbrt`j hftm tk` `fj ebg`. _m _tìibf, hf

bjjhthmf tm l`hfe Umrij Okbgphmf, wbs @urmp`bf Okbgphmf bs wìi.Hf Umg`f‘s _hfei`s, tk mfiy 0-ebg gbtok hf tk ;tk‘s sbw amrg`r @feihsk fmw U`st

E`rgbf stbr, Jhbf \mw _okmì`r, k`r pbst r`thr`g`ft mfiy b g`gmry, omg lboc armg twmebg`s jmwf tm must _w`j`f‘s ’v`ry bttrbothv` bfj l`buthaui‗ Lhrehttb \bjl`re. Hf tk` qubrt`r‘s,

mfiy mf` omft`st`j gbtok> Kufebry‘s Nujht Gbems, wkm hf trbhfhfe bt Lujbp`st, kbj l``f pibyhfe’bs bf qubi whtk Lmrsz`h bfj Lì`zfby, r`spòt`j g`f piby`rs,‗ kbj r`p`bt`jiy l``f l`bthfe\ugbfhb‘s Gbrh` Bi`xbfjru tkhs s`bsmf. Lut tkhs thg` sk` imst ?-< ’bfj sphii`j ebiimfs ma lhtt`r t`brs.‗ Hf tk` s`gh‘s, wkhi` Chskbzh ahfhsk`j Qmstmvb hf :, Bi`xbfjru wbs libfc`j ly \ujfmvb. Fmr

_w`j`f‘s 2852 Umrij _hfei`s Okbgphmf _tìibf L`fetssmfTkmtm ly Ghc` Kmaaibfj



??1

hf tk` ahfbi omuij Chskbzh jm bfy l`tt`r‚sk`tmm imst ?-4 bs \ujfmvb suoo`ssauiiyjà`fj`j k`r Okbgphmfskhp.

G`f‘s Jmuli`s w`ft fmt tm UmrijOkbgphmfs Nmfy`r bfj Cibgpbr, ‛obus` fm

wby wbs Cibgpbr emhfe tm piby v`f ha k`wbft`j tm. Lut, f`v`r ghfj, Nmfy`r tmmc \mszbs bs khs pbrtf`r bfj prmo``j`j tmebhf tk` ahfbi‚?-< mutibsthfe lmtk@feibfj‘s Bibf Kyj`s/Fhocy Nbrvhs (wkm‘jups`t Cmrpb/Cbrbcbs vho hf 0) bfjOzòkmsimvbchb‘s Mrimwsch/Zurbh. Bfj

wkm jhj tk`y g``t tk`r`= L`fetssmf/Nmkbfssmf ma omurs`, wkm‘j tbc`f mut_okmì`r/Lmrsz`h bat`r tkhs jà`fshv`-ghfj`j omglm kbj ups`t _url`c/_thpbfoho.

_m tk` whff`rs w`r`…tm tk` bstmfhskg`ftma bii, Nmfy`r/\mzsbs, <?-<2 hf tk` :tk.

Hf b Umg`f‘s Jmuli`s s`gh‘s, tk`2818 Umrij Okbgphmfs, \ujfmvb bfj_v`tibfb Erhfl`re A`j`rmvb, w`r` ups`t ly @feibfj‘s Nhii Kbgg`rsi`y bfj Kufebry‘s Chskbzhhf 0. Lut hf tk` ahfbi, ’tk` t`gp`rbg`ftbi Gbems, omfstbftiy bttbochfe,‗pbhr`j whtk ’tk` v`ryymufe‗ Imttbi`r tm jmwf tkhs phoc-up pbhr ma strmfe jà`fj`rs.

Hf tk` Ghx`j, Gbems t`bg`j whtk Nmfy`r tm e`t ly \htb Tmemsmvb/_brkmnbf hf 0. Lut

L`fetssmf/Bfj`rssmf r`biiy puii`j maa smg` k`rmhos ly?-< l`bthfe lmtk Fbemyb‘s shiv`r g`jbihsts _thpbfoho/Bi`xbfjru bfj Nmfy`r/Gbems…mfiy tm ims` tm

Emgmzcmv/\ujfmvb hf tk` ahfbi.Hf bjjhthmf tm ahfbihzhfe bii tk`s` r`suits, Zmphos

r`pmrt`r Pzmrhfbo omuijf‘t r`shst g`fthmfhfe mf`

tbic`j-blmut hfohj`ft bt tk`s` Okbgphmfskhps>

’…Làmr` khs gbtok whtk Cmiibrmvhts hf tk` <fj

rmufj, Nmkbfssmf pmstpmf`j piby lòbus` k` omuijf‘tokmms` bfy emmj Kbffm lbiis. Bat`r tk` _w`j`r`nòt`j <0, tk` rà`r`` okms` mf`. Zk`f, sthii ufkbppy,

Nmkbfssmf wbs jhsqubihah`j.Bt wkhok pmhft bii tk` _w`j`s tkr`bt`f`j tm em

kmg`! Zk` @ZZP Omgghtt`` tk`f amufj b smiuthmfwmrtky ma b _mimgmf> tk`y rui`j tkbt tk` gbtok gust l` piby`j whtk mf` lbii ma tkr`` okms`f ly tk` r a`r``.Zkhs oims`j tk` hfohj`ft. Bfj Cnìi w`ft mf tm l`bt

Cmiibrmvhts ?-2.‗

Kmw fho` wk`f piby`rs bfj maahohbis ommp`rbt`‚ l`fj b ihtti`, wmrc mut b omgprmghs .

P__\‘s Okbgphmf ^myb

\ujfmvb, wkm suoo`ssauiiy

jà`fj`j k`r @urmp`bf

OkbgphmfskhpTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf

Nujht Gbems>

mf b pbr whtk Lmrsz`h bfj Lì`zfby



??5

_@I@OZ@J FMZ@_.*Gmr` tkbf ?4 y`brs ibt`r, Obihamrfhb‘s Kmwh` Ermssgbf bfj

abghiy mf b trhp tm Okhfb vhsht`j ^kubfe ^`jmfe (amrg`riy Okubfe Zs`-tufe). Mf k`brhfe ma tk` j`btk ma Ei`ff Omwbf, ^kubfe bsc`j ha Ei`ffwbs r`g`gl`r`j ly tk` Bg`rhobf puliho. Uk`f Kmwh` sbhj, r`er`tauiiy,

’Fm,‗ ^kubfe sbhj, ’Uk`f H jh`, `v`rymf` hf Okhfb whii cfmw.‗

^kubfe ^`jmfe



??;

Okbpt`r Zw`fty-Ahv`

285<> @fj ma _`bsmf Zmurfbg`fts‚H (Jhsf`y‘s $;,444

Ghff smtb Oibssho).

Bt tkhs 285< pmhft hf thg`, ymu wmuijf‘t `xpòt bfyomuftrh`s, bfy stbt`s, tm vh` amr bf Hft`rfbthmfbi Okbgphmfskhp hftk` P._. Lut bt tk` 204-`ftry Gby 0-1 Tbohaho Fmrtkw`st Mp`f hf@ue`f`, M\, b vbrhmus-`v`fts rhvbiry tmmc pibo` l`tw``f P._.bfj Obfbjhbf piby`rs. Bs Okrhs J`p``, wrhthfe up tk` tmurfbg`ftamr Zmphos (Nuiy-Bue., 285<, 2;-28), pmhft`j mut, tk` v`ry`xp`rh`fo`j Jhròtmr, Imu Lmok`fsch, cf`w `xbotiy kmw tm e`t

tk` 21-tbli` bothmf ufj`r wby bfj lrhfe ht bii, ahfbiiy, tm bomfoiushmf>

’…Lmok`fsch s`t up b omftrmi j`sc whtk b T.B. syst`g mutshj` ma tk` twm

eygs. Zm c``p trboc ma bii tk` piby`rs, sgbii phò`s ma gbef`tho strhpphfe whtk `bok piby`r‘s fbg` w`r` pibo`j mf b sgbii-sobi` r prmjuothmf ma tk` pibyhfe br b. Zkhs wbs

b ibre` phò` ma k`bvy-juty pbp`r pibo`j mv`r b sk``t ma sk``t g`tbi. Ht‘s v`ry kbfjybfj kìp`j tk` tmurfbg`ft ruf sgmmtkiy, shfo` ymu omuij tìi bt b eibfo` wkm wbs pibyhfe bfj wk`r`.‗

Hf Mp`f _hfei`s s`gh‘s piby, ht‘s Qbfomuv`r‘s ^mitbf Tbtbcy mv`r Nujy Lmok`fsch, bfj_`btti`‘s \ml \ml`rts mv`r L.O.‘s Tkhihp Umm Ok`fe, lmtk hf strbhekt ebg`s. J`p`` sbys tkbt

Nujy hf e`tthfe tm 28 tkbt ibst ebg` skmws sk` omuij bjnust tm Tbtbcy‘s Kufebrhbf shj`sphfimmp. G`bfwkhi`, \ml`rts‘ strmfe tmpsphf bfj vhohmus amr`kbfj putbwby prmv` jhaahouit amr Ok`fe tm limoc bfj, tkmuek Tkhi‘s emt b i`bj hf tk` `fj-ebg` ?rj, \ml ahfhsk`s khg whtk tkr``

l`buthaui immps bfj b chii.Zk` 2<>:0 b.g. ahfbi (hfhthbi rmufj rmlhfs hf

gbfy ma tk` 2; `v`fts jìby`j piby) turfs mut tm l`

b lboc-armg-tk`-tbli` sphff`r‘s juì. Tbtbcy hsobpbli` ma ’sup`rkugbf r`turfs,‗ hs ’v`ry abst mf khsa``t, bfj kbs b ’sup`rl chii, lut \ml`rts whfs tk` 2st

bt 2;. Hf tk` <fj, tkmuek Tbtbcy tkrhiis tk` ormwjwhtk smg` er`bt imls, bfj jùo`s ht armg <4-25jmwf, k` ims`s tkbt ebg` tmm. ’^miih`,‗ kmw`v`r,

tbc`s tk` ?rj. Bfj hf tk` :tk k`‘s up 25-2? wk`f kàbit`rs‚limocs tkr`` ma \ml‘s sphff`rs maa tk` tbli`.

\ml`rts tk`f lbfes hf lboc-tm-lboc Tbtbcy s`rv`s tmem 2;-25 up. ^miih` ahekts lboc, e`ts tk` bj, lutobf‘t oims`. Ahrst Fmrtkw`st MT@F ma tk` smmf-tm-`fj ‘52-‘5< s`bsmf tm \ml \ml`rts. Zk`r`‘ii amiimw

w``-kmur pbrty-thg` tbic bt \mf Qhfo`ft‘s kmg`blmut kmw ’ht‘s b emmj tkhfe‗ amr P_ZZB baahihbt`stm ’kmij mp`f tmurfbg`fts bfj fmt nust oims`jmf`s.‗

Imu Lmok`fsch

\ml \ml`rts, 285< Tbohaho Fmrtkw`st

Mp`f OkbgphmfTkmtm ly Jmf Euff



??8

Mtk`r r`suits> Umg`f‘s> Lmok`fsch mv`r Qbfomuv`r‘s I`sih` Ubrj wkm‘j ups`t Cbr`fL`rihf`r. Mp`f Jmuli`s> \ml`rts/Nujy Lmok`fschmv`r @jjh` Im/T`t`r Nm`, bat`r tk` twm 2<-y`br-mijs kbj stuff`j Tbtbcy/Tkhi Ok`fe bfj tk`

wkmi` Fmrtkw`st. B‘s> Im mv`r Mrèmf _tbt`Pfhv`rshty #2 _t`v` L`rihf`r, 20, -<4, 28. J`p``sbys L`rihf`r stby`j bihv` bt jùo` hf tk` <fj whtkb er`bt amr`kbfj omuft`r armg blmut 24 a``t lboc,tk`f lbockbfj`j hf Im‘s s`rv`. Kmw`v`r, hf tk`?rj, k` kbj fm gmr` `fj-ebg` k`rmhos. L‘s>Okmpp`r Okbrih` GoIbrty mv`r Pia Ckbf, bat`r

Pia kbj l``f jmwf twm gbtok pmhfts tm Qhotmr Okbf. L Jmuli`s> J`p``/A`rrhbfs mv`r Lmys P-2? whff`r Zhg Nbomlsmf bfj Ghc` Lmok`fschwkm‘j wmf tk` L‘s armg khs jbj, Imu, bt tk` Tmrtibfj \èhmfbi twm w``cs `brih`r. O‘s> M_P‘sZhg I`mfe mv`r \mf A`rrhbfs. J‘s> Ahatk-erbj`r Gbrty Imutkbf

mv`r Tmrtibfj‘s L`bv`rtmf I`beu` Jhròtmr Jmf Fbsk. @‘s>Qbfomuv`r‘s ^bokbry Hp (wkm‘s l``f pibyhfe ’amr mfiy amur

gmftks‗) mv`r Pfhv`rshty ma Mrèmf p`fkmij`r Qhfo`ft. A‘s (lìmw2444 Fmrtkw`st rbthfe pmhfts)> Hp mv`r Jbf` Kutokhfs. _`fhmr‘s> Brt Febh mv`r @bri Bjbgs wkm‘j cfmoc`j mut OZZB Tr`shj`ft BrtLbrrmf, -<<, 2;, 28. Nufhmr‘s P-25> Nujy Lmok`fsch mv`r Im, -2;,21, 20. Lmys P-20> Im mv`r Nm`, 28, -2;, <<.

\bokì Biihsmf tìis us tk`r` wbs bism kue` suppmrt (’s`v`rbi

kufjr`j piby`rs‗) amr tk` Bpr. <8-?4 Tbohaho Fmrtkw`stOkbgphmfskhps, kìj ufj`r Jhròtmr Jr. Ghokbì _omtt, HH. Tiby wbsbt _`btti` Pfhv`rshty, kmg` ma _omtt‘s Ubskhfetmf _tbt` ZZB (’b

g`gl`rskhp ma mv`r 244, bitkmuek fmt y`t b y`br mij‗). Nm` I`` wbsJrbwgbc`r amr tk` tmurfbg`ft.

\`suits> Mp`f _hfei`s> Zmg \utthfe`r, wkm‘j wmf tk`

Mrèmf \èhmfbi tk` w``c làmr` mv`r Obri Omi` bfj \ml\ml`rts, tmmc tk` Mp`f k`r` tmm. Bfj pbhr`j whtk \ml`rts, k` r`p`bt`j khs Jmuli`s whf.Umg`f‘s> I`sih` Ubrj. B‘s> Ubit`r Jul…lìyhfe khs fbg`. B Jmuli`s> T`t`r Nm` bfj 20& Pfj`r whff`r @jjh` Im. L‘s> Ghokbì _omtt, HH. L Jmuli`s> _omtt, HH bfj Ghokbì _omttHHH, tk` pr`vhmus w``c‘s Mrèmf \èhmfbi O whff`r. O‘s> Erè @fe. _`fhmr‘s> @bri Bjbgsmv`r Brt Febh.

Zk` s`fhmr Jr. _omtt hs guok mppms`j tm tk` imfe j`lbt`j ’\boc`t \ui`.‗ _m guoksm‚shfo` usubiiy tk` lbii khts tk` kbfj mr rboc`t ma tk` kmij`r wk`f ht‘s mlvhmusiy mutshj` mr

l`ymfj tk` tbli`‚tkbt hf khs Ubskhfetmf Oiul‘s i`beu` gbtok`s tk` \ui` hs fmt obii`j, bfj hsmfiy `famro`j hf tmurfbg`fts lòbus` tk` P_ZZB gbfjbt`s tkbt ht l`. Gbi Bfj`rsmf `xpibhfstkbt tk` P_ZZB wmf‘t okbfe` tk` \ui` lòbus` ht‘s bf HZZA mf` bfj mur Bssmohbthmf, ihc`tkms` ma tk` A`j`rbthmf‘s mtk`r g`gl`r-omuftrh`s, pibys ly HZZA rui`s. Omfshj`rhfe, amr

`xbgpi`, w` kbv` Obfbjhbf ZZB g`gl`rs pibyhfe hf mur P._. Mp`f bfj mtk`r tmurfbg`fts(wk`r` HZZA rui`s wmuij kbv` tm pr`vbhi), ht wmuij l` omfaushfe w`r` w` tm piby smg`tmurfbg`fts whtk tk` \ui` bfj mtk`rs whtkmut ht. Kmw`v`r, bs H fmt`j lboc hf Qmi. H, tk` HZZAhf Gby, 288? whii r`sohfj tkhs \ui`, bfj amur gmftks ibt`r sm whii mur Bssmohbthmf.

Tmrtibfj‘s L`bv`rtmf

I`beu` Jhròtmr Jmf Fbsk

Bat`r w``-kmur pbrty-thg` tbic,

\mf lèhfs tm immc ihc` tkhs



?:4

_hfo` tk` P_ZZB kbs `xt`fj`j hts pibyhfe s`bsmf tkrmuek Nuf` ?2,H r`pmrt tkbt bt lmtk tk` Kmiiywmmj Nuf` 24-22 Zbcyu Mp`f, bfj tk` _bftbLbrlbrb Nuf` <:-<0 _`gbfb Fbuthob Mp`f Nmmfe Ehi Tbrc wmf tk` G`f‘s_hfei`s‚ahrst mv`r Ei`ff Omwbf, tk`f mv`r \by Euhii`f. _bftb LbrlbrbOibss B whff`r Lbrj Lr`ff`r bscs, Ukbt chfj ma b piby`r hs tkhs Tbrc= Bfj

bfsw`rs, K`‘s ahrst-oibss>

’K` jm`sf‘t piby tk` tmp piby`rs amr $0 b s`t3 k` jm`sf‘tkusti` f`womg`rs amr b omupi` ma luocs3 bfj k` kìps `v`rylmjy.Zk` Kmiiywmmj Zbli` Z`ffhs omurts whii f`v`r l` tk` sbg` bebhf.Tiby`rs wkm wmuijf‘t jr`bg ma pibyhfe w`bc`r piby`rs br` `v`fe`tthfe tk` khft. _m wkbt jm`s Ehi jm amr `fomr`s= K` whfs gmf`y

bt tmurfbg`fts bfj sp`fjs ht mf tbchfe mtk`r p`mpi` tm jhff`r. K`kìps s`t up bf Mrh`ftbi sugg`r trbhfhfe obgp amr nufhmrs‚;w``cs ma ar`` ombokhfe.‗

Kbwbhh‚wkbt‘s emhfe mf tk`r`= N`rry Kmoc, lrmtk`r tm tk` l`tt`r-cfmwf lbt-gbc r L`rfh` Kmoc, kbs trbvì`j abr armg khs

Hfjhbfb rmmts. Bs Tr`shj`ft ma tk` ’immsìy mrebfhz`j‗ KmfmiuiuOiul (tkbt y`t maa`rs ’pibyhfe s`sshmfs tkr`` thg`s b w``c‗), kèhv`s b lrhà r`pmrt mf tk` 285< Kbwbhhbf Mp`f. T`rkbps wkbt k`sbys (ZZZ , _`pt.-Mot., 285<, 2;) whii omg` bs b surprhs`>

’…Gbfy ma tk` piby`rs br` booustmg`j tm pibyhfe

lbràmmt`j bfj ht hs fmt ufusubi tm immc bormss tk` rmmg bfj s``kbia ma tk`g whtkmut skm`s. Jurhfe mur tmurfbg`fts w` kbv` bsc`jsmg` piby`rs tm piby tmpi`ss lòbus` tk`hr suf-jbrc`f`j schf gmr`

f`briy r`s`gli`s tk` bpprmv`j lbocermufj skbj` tkbf tk`hr ihekt`r skhrts (U` jmf‘t bppiy tkhs tm tk` ehris,

tkmuek.)Mfiy b a`w piby`rs k`r` lìmfe tm tk` P_ZZB.

Gbfy kbv` abghiy mrhehfs hf Bshbf omuftrh`s bfj tk`hr tbli`t`ffhs k`rm`s br` hf tkbt pbrt ma tk` wmrij. Ht em`s whtkmutsbyhfe tkbt P._. piby`rs br` omfshj`r`j v`ry pmmr r`pr`s`ftbthv`s ma tk` ebg` bfj jm fmt j`s`rv` tm l`

wrhtt`f up `v`f hf Zbli` Z`ffhs Zmphos!‗

H eu`ss w` e`t tk`s` r`suits, tk`f, lòbus` tk` whff`rsbr`f‘t Bg`rhobfs= Zkbhibfj‘s Zmfy _uthv`n, wkmg w`‘v` s``f pibyhfe hf tk` _tbt s, wmf tk` _hfei`s bfj whtk khs Zkbh pbrtf`r Zbrufebfes tk` Jmuli`s. Kbwbhh‘s ’Bbrmf Ghrbaimr (bf ufs``j`j

piby`r armg b sgbii tmwf mf tk` mtk`r shj` ma tk` gmuftbhfs) wmftrmpkh`s hf tkr`` mut ma amur `v`fts‚twm ahrst pibo` mf`s Shf OibssL bfj _`fhmr‘s mv`r imobi piby`rsW, bfj b ruff`r-up Shf G`f‘s_hfei`sW.‗ Bbrmf, wkm immps whtk gmj`rf shj`sphf, ’kbj f`v`r

Nmmfe Ehi Tbrc

N`rry Kmoc, Tr`shj`ft ma

tk` Kmfmiuiu Oiul

Bbrmf Ghrbaimr,

Kbwbhhbf _`fhmr OkbgpTkmtm ly Ubrr`f \mii



?:2

piby`j hf b tmurfbg`ft làmr`,‗ sm kbj ’f`v`r wmf b trmpky làmr`.‗ Zkhs gyst`rhmus Ghrbaimr,s``ghfeiy gmr` Hsibfj _phrht ma tk` _pmrt tkbf prbotho`j piby`r, piby`j ’20 shfei`s gbtok`s hfb shx kmur p`rhmj‗ bfj hf jmuli`s, làmr` imshfe tm tk` Zkbhs, emt tm tk` s`gh‘s whtk pbrtf`r…Brt Lbrrbf, tk` Obfbjhbf ZZB Tr`shj`ft. (Brt kbj l``f quh`tiy vbobthmfhfe hf lboc-omuftry Kbwbhh amr y`brs bfj bii tk` wkhi` sòr`tiy gbchfe Ghrbaimr b piby`r=)

H obf kbrjiy wbht tm r`bj wkbt surprhs`s bwbht bt ’bf Hft`rfbthmfbi Zbli` Z`ffhs gbtokbfj `xkhlhthmf hf tk` Kmfmiuiu Hft`rfbthmfbi O`ft`r Jò. 1-5.‗ H kmp` fm P._. piby`rs btt`fj.Ukbt‘s tkhs= B wmrij-whj` Bhr Amro` Zmurfbg`ft…hf tk` P._! Bfj wkm‘s jmhfe tk`

omv`rbe` amr us= (_`` ZZZ , Gby-Nuf`, 285<, ;.) Fmf` mtk`r tkbf tk` _hfei`s bfj Jmuli`swhff`r, A`r`fo ’Arbfc‗ G`roz khgsìa. Tiby‘s bt \bfjmipk Bhr Amro` Lbs`, f`br _bf Bftmfhm,Z`xbs. Zk` omfjhthmfs bt tk` \òr`bthmf O`ft`r, kmw`v`r, br` t`rrhli`. ’U` br` tm piby hf tk` lbiirmmg, whtk jhg ihekthfe bfj ibre` whfjmws.‗ Hf omfo`rt whtk bf v`fhfe prbotho` s`sshmf,

Arbfc bfj tk` mtk`r qubihah`rs br` fmt tmm kbppy tm s`` tk` ’imobi rmoc-bf-rmii lbfj‗ tbc` tk`stbe` ’amr amur imfe, `brskbtt`rhfe kmurs.‗

T`rkbps tk` P_ZZB, fmt tm g`fthmf tk` HZZA, kbs ihtti`, ha bfytkhfe, tm jm whtk tkhstmurfbg`ft= Zkmuek Nboc Obrr (ZZZ , Gby-Nuf`, 285<, 24) sbys k` omfjuot`j qubihayhfe piby

bt b Zbothobi Bhr Omggbfj (ZBO) lbs` (H pr`sug` bt Ibfei`y BAL, Kbgptmf, QB) bfj ’wbsehv`f b l`buthaui bwbrj.‗ K` bjjs tkbt k` rbf tkhs tmurfbg`ft ’armg b wk`ìokbhr H lmrrmw`j

armg gy wha` shfo` H wbs suaa`rhfe armg pki`lhths bt tk` thg`.‗G`roz `sthgbt`s tkbt ’2,444 piby`rs omgp`t`j hf tk`s` imw`r i`vì tmurfbg`fts,‗ lut

tkbt fmw k`r` bt \bfjmipk tk`r` br` mfiy << shfei`s `ftrh`s tm wmrry blmut. Mk, mk, Arbfc s``s’twm piby`rs whtk i`tt`rs ibre`r tkbf ymur k`bj mf tk`hr wbrg-up suhts> NBTBF, tk`y skmut btg`. B sgbii cfmt amrgs hf gy stmgbok.‗ Arbfc immcs tm bfmtk`r tbli`, s``s ’b ibfcy jà`fshv` piby`r r`turf immp bat r immp whtk rìbthv` `bs`. Ht simwiy jbwfs mf g` tkbt k` hs ushfe tk` ly

fmw fmt sm rbr` bfth-sphf rull`r. Zk` cfmt hf gy stmgbok thekt`fs!‗ Mf b tkhrj tbli`, k` k`brs’tk` abghihbr smufj ma b phò` ma wmmj g``thfe b oìiuimhj lbii. Gy ahrst tkmuekt hs tkbtGo@vmy armg Erbfj \bphjs `fihst`j hf tk` Bhr Amro` nust tm ehv` g` ahts.‗

Arbfc, Arbfc, quht wmrryhfe. _m ymu‘v` bism amufj muttkbt 2? piby`rs k`r` br` P_ZZB g`gl`rs bfj kbv` piby`j hftmurfbg`fts‚ymu‘r` emffb jm nust ahf`. Zurfs mut tkbt ymur

sthaa`st omgp`ththmf jm`sf‘t omg` armg blrmbj bt bii. L`shj`s,tk`r`‘s Tr`shj`ft I`Libfo ma tk` _bf Bftmfhm Oiul tm s`` tkbttk` Jmuli` @ihghfbthmf _hfei`s `v`ft hs ruf abhriy.

@briy-rmufj piby phts Lml Lurc`, ?-thg`s Bhr AmroÒkbgp, bebhfst Ibrry C`si`r, fmw stbthmf`j bt _hglbok Bhr Lbs`, E`rgbfy, wkm‘j lèuf pibyhfe hf Mcibkmgb Ohty b

jòbj` `brih`r. Lurc` ’emt khs stbrt bt Arbfc Jwìiy‘s oiul hfUbitkbg, Gbssbokus`tts hf 280:. K` kbs bir`bjy sp`ft b tmtbi ma

`hekt y`brs hf Nbpbf bfj kbs twm gmr` tm em. Lml hs gbrrh`j tm bNbpbf`s` ehri wkm bism pibys tbli` t`ffhs.‗ C`si`r ’wbs bfbttbochfe piby`r ufthi k` nmhf`j b oiul hf E`rgbfy bfj emt stbrt`j hfi`beu` piby. K` oibhgs tkbt k` hs tmm simw bfj obffmt omuft`r-kht

whtk tk` E`rgbf nufhmrs. _m k` jòhj`j tm em tm bii jà`fs` bfj hsourr`ftiy ushfe bf bfth-sphf rboc`t.‗ Zkmuek Lurc` whfs tk` 2st

ebg` omfvhfohfeiy bfj i`bjs 21-2: hf tk` <fj, C`si`r rbiih`s tm whftkbt ebg` bt jùo`, tk`f tbc`s tk` ?rj, bism bt jùo`.

Lml Lurc`, amrg`r Bhr Amro`

_hfei`s bfj Jmuli`s OkbgphmfTkmtm ly __et. Lml Cby



?:<

G`roz hsf‘t tmm omfo`rf`j blmut pibyhfe C`si`r, amr Arbfc‘s ’strmfe`st ebg` hs immphfebebhfst b okmp, tkbfcs tm tk` gbfy kmurs k` sp`ft pibyhfe whtk Iyi` Zkh`g, Tr`shj`ft ma tk`Jbytmf, Mkhm F`t & Tbjji` Oiul.‗ Mfiy tk` bfth-sphf hs b prmli`g, hsf‘t ht= Jmwf 2;-22 hf tk`2st, G`roz `xp`rhg`fts whtk b simw rbtk`r tkbf b abst immp, bfj ’C`si`r‘s okmp ghss`s tk` tbli` ly tkr`` a` t.‗ Arbfc rbiih`s tm 28-bii, lut tk`f, bs k`‘s r`bjy tm s`rv`, Ibrry ’obsubiiy r`gbrcs,

‛Ht wbs b fho` omg`lboc.‘‗ Zkhs bppbr`ftiy skbc`s G`roz bfj k` ims`s tk` ebg`. Lut tk`f hftk` <fj Arbfc immps khs wby tm bf `bsy whf. Hf tk` ?rj, k` kbs b 8-: stbrt. Mfiy wkbt kbpp`fs=B lhe r`v`rsbi‚Arbfc‘s jmwf 21-2?.

Fmw C`si r s`ts b lbii up, tk`f imujiy ouss s‚lut k`‘s iuocy, whfs tk` pmhft bfywby.@xo`pt G`roz r`qu`sts tkbt k` l` bwbrj`j tk` pmhft, ’shfo` mf` hs fmt suppms`j tm tbic‚i`tbimf` yìi‚jurhfe tk` pmhft. Zm khs jhsgby, tk` ugphr` obffmt ahfj bfy rui` hf tk` P_ZZBrui`lmmc j`bihfe whtk suok shtubthmfs. _m k` obiis tk` ibst pmhft b i`t lbii, lòbus` G`roz wbs

jhstrbot`j ly ‛b imuj fmhs`.‘‗ C`si`r em`s mf tm whf omgamrtbliy.Ibrry tk`f jmwfs twm gmr` mppmf`fts tm tmp tk` Uhff`r‘s

lrboc`t. Ahrst k` stmps _`fhmr N. O. Z fby ma tk` _bf Bftmfhm Oiul‚ b jà`fshv` piby`r wkm abvmrs b Kmoc phgpi`j-rull`r lbt. Zk`f k`

l`bts J`ffhs Jrhees. Ihc` Lurc`, Jrhees hs stbthmf`j hf Nbpbf. Lutbitkmuek J`ffhs pibys ’shx fhekts b w``c bebhfst Nbpbf`s` piby`rs,‗

tk` ’rmlmtho prbotho` g`tkmjs ma tk` Nbpbf`s` jhj fmt pr`pbr` khgsuaahoh`ftiy,‗ bfj k` suaa`rs khs ahrst imss.

Hf tk` Ims`r‘s lrboc`t, G`roz whfs `v`ry gbtok, hfoiujhfe tkms`bebhfst Lurc` bfj Jrhees, hf strbhekt ebg`s. _m fmw k` bebhf abo`sC`si`r. Bitkmuek ahfbi piby hs s`t amr U`jf`sjby, G`roz, pibyhfewìi, hs barbhj k` ghekt kbv` b smr` brg ly tk`f bfj bscs Ibrry ha k`

ghfjs gmvhfe tk` gbtok up.’_urprhshfeiy C`si`r ber``s. Zkhs thg`G`roz `gpimys b strbtèy wkhok k`

r`g`gl`rs i`brfhfe armg J-N I``. ’Kìmmps tm C`si`r‘s amr`kbfj 0-1 thg`s hf brmw, tk`f jrhv`s mf` jmwf tk` ghjji` mr

tm tk` lbockbfj. Zkhs wmrcs rbtk`r wìi,shfo` ht jm`s fmt biimw tk` jà`fshv`

piby`r tm ermmv` hf mf lmtk whfes, bfj‚gmst hgpmrtbftiy‚ht hsjhaahouit amr khg tm e`t hf pmshthmf amr b lbockbfj okmp bat`r okmpphfe amr`kbfjs….Zk` strbtèy pbys maa bfj G`roz whfs twmstrbhekt.‗

Fmw `bok piby`r kbs mf` imss, sm tk`y gust piby tk`hr jòhshv` tkhrj gbtok. Ibrry whfs tk` 2st ebg` bt 28, lut tk`f Arbfc

r`lmufjs whtk b <2-24 whf hf tk` <fj

. Pp 24-8 hf tk` ?rj

, G`rozsujj`fiy lr`bcs ar``, somr`s 5 hf b rmw, bfj lòmg`s tkÒkbgphmf.

Hf Jmuli`s piby, bism Jmuli` @ihghfbthmf, G`roz t`bgs

whtk :?-y`br-mij @rfh` \ml`rts wkm ’lòbg` hft`r`st`j hf tbli`t`ffhs mfiy b a`w y`brs bem. K` hs stbthmf`j bt Zrbvhs BAL, 04ghi`s armg _bf Arbfohsom, sm k` hs hj`biiy imobt`j, amr tk`r` br`s`v`rbi oiuls whtkhf jrhvhfe jhstbfo`. K` pibys ahv` fhekts b w``c

N.O. Z`fbyTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf

A`r`fo ’Arbfc‗ G`roz, 285<

Bhr Amro` Okbgphmf



?:?

bfj kbs mf` ma tk` k`bvh`st okmps H kbv` `v`r `fomuft`r`j.‗ Lut C`si`r bfj pbrtf`r Tbui

Uhiihbgs br` tmuek‚`spòhbiiy wk`f Uhiihbgs amrèm`s okmpphfe bfj wmf‘t i`t G`roz immp. Hftk`hr ?rj bfj jòhjhfe gbtok, tk` G`roz t`bg hs up 28-22 hf tk` 2st, lbrìy whf bt jùo`. Pp28-21 hf tk` <fj, \ml`rts obf‘t kbfji` C`si`r‘s okmp, sm Arbfc stmps immphfe‚bfj bat`r bv`ry i`fetky puskhfe gbtok, G`roz/\ml`rts `c` mut b <;-<1 whf, bfj sm lòmg` tk` Jmuli`sOkbgps. Aiyhf‘ khek, G`roz prmgptiy whfes khs wby tm bfmtk`r tmurfbg`ft.

Bt tk` Bprhi <8tk _bf Bftmfhm Z`bg Okbgphmfskhps, ruf ly E`f` bfj _u` _bre`ft, piby`rs sur` emt tk`hr _bturjby‘s wmrtk ma omgp`ththmf (2<-20 twm mut ma tkr`` gbtok`s amr

`v`rymf`). Zk` 22 t`bgs w`r` jhvhj`j hftm twm Oibss`s, B bfj L. Uhff`r hf Oibss B> 2. AmrtUmrtk #2 (0-4)> Jmf L`rry (20-4), \hokbrj Nbg`s (2:-2), bfj Nmkf GoBjbgs (;-5). Zk`w``c làmr` hf Tkm`fhx, Jmf kbj wmf tk` F`w G`xhom Mp`f _hfei`s (mv`r N`rry Tiylmf) bfjJmuli`s whtk Nbg`s (mv`r Kìgutk Qmrk`rr/

J`ffhs Er`skbg). Hfjhvhjubi kmfmrs w`ft tmL`rry (2st prhz` ma b wbrg-up suht) bfj tm Nbg`s

(<fj prhz` ma 2< jmz`f lbiis bfj b rboc`t obs`).Uhff`r hf Oibss L> 2. Kmustmf #< (:-4)>

Lml M‘F`hii (22-2). <. Au Ih`g (8-?), bfj Bff\bgs`y (:-;). Bff, Tbui I`Libfo tìis us (ZZZ ,Nuiy-Bue., 285<, 25), wbs mf` ma amur wmg`fwkm omgp`t`j. F`htk`r Cbshb Jbwhjmwhoz fmr

Ihz Er`skbg, whff`r bfj ruff`r-up r`spòthvìybt tk` F`w G`xhom Mp`f, piby`j, lutkmg`tmwf k`rmhf` Ohfjy Ebrzb, ehv`f gmrbi

suppmrt ly aìimw _bf Bftmfhmbfs FmrgbI`Libfo bfj _u` _bre`ft, wmf 0 gbtok`s.

Jhsf`y‘s $;,444 Ghff`smtb Oibssho

X s, tkbfcs tm Okbrih` Jhsf`y, khs$;,444 tmurfbg`ft, kìj Nuf` 21-25 bt Jbytmf‘sj`pbrtg`ft stmr` hf jmwftmwf Ghff`bpmihs,

wbs b Oibssho‚lut gmr` mf tkbt ibt`r. Hf tk`

_u` bfj E`f` _bre`ftTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf

J`ffhs Er`skbg Ohfjy EbrzbTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



?::

Umg`f‘s, Mieb _mit`sz kbj k`r ahrst t`st hf tk` s`gh‘s, bfjobg` tkrmuek whtk b 20, -<?, 2;, 28 whf mv`r Bfeìhtb

\msbi. Immc mut amr Bfeh` tkmuek‚hf 1 gmftks sk`‘iisurìy kbv` b emmj okbfo` tm gbc` tk` P._. Umrij Z`bg tm_brbn`vm. Hf tk` ahfbi, Mieb g`t ?-thg` P._. Okbgphmf

Tbtty Obsk, wkm‘j piby`j sm gbrvìmusiy jurhfe tk` rò`ftOkhf`s` vhsht, bfj l`bt k`r tmm, -22, 20, 2;, -<4, 2;.

Zk` jhaa`r`fo` amr Mieb hf tkhs ahfbi wbs fmt hf tk`

amr`kbfj sk`‘s l``f bli` tm quhociy gmv` mv`r bfj kht, sk`‘s l``f jmhfe tkbt amr smg` thg` fmw‚lut hf k`r erbjubiiyboquhr`j pmhs`, k`r simw-tm-ahfj gbturhty. Zm ims` tkbt :tk

ebg` bt jùo` tm mf` ma Tbtty‘s pbt`ft`j, f`rv`-j`strmyhferbiih`s bat`r s``ghfe tm kbv` tk` gbtok wmf, bfj tk`f tmskbc` ht maa bfj stby kbrj bfj fmt lòmg` ihtti`-ehri

jhsomurbe`j‚wìi, ht‘s nust b qu`sthmf ma thg` bfj trbhfhfe làmr` sk` e`ts l`tt`r bfj l`tt r. X`s, H‘j k`brj‚sk`‘s smmf emhfe tm Nbpbf amr gmr`

ombokhfe.Hf tk` G`f‘s ahfbi, J-N I`` mut-gusoi`j vhshthfe strmfegbf Mrvhii` ’I`s‗ Kbsibg

wkmg k`‘j mfo` piby`j xkhlhthmfs whtk.* I`s‘s imfe r`bok kìp`j khg tm immp wìi, bfj shfo`k` omuij chii kbrj armg htk`r shj`, tk` strbhekt-ebg` gbtok prmjuo`j smg` spòtbouibr skmts.

Lut gmst ma tk` thg` b kmpp`j-up I`` skbrpiy l`bt tkhs Nbgbhobf Okbgphmf tm tk` tmpsphfbttboc.

Botubiiy, I`` jhjf‘t ims` sm guok bs b ebg` `f rmut` tm tk` thti`. Hfj``j, k` wbs`xt`fj`j tm jùo` mfiy mfo`, hf tk` qubrt`r‘s, ly tk` Z`xbs-lbs`j @feihskgbf whtk smg`tkhfe

I-\> Okbrih` Jhsf`y, Ghff`bpmihs Trmgmt`r @xtrbmrjhfbhr`3 Ihfjb _k`f, ’Ghss Ghff`smtb Oibssho‗3 bfj

Bri`f @rjbki, Ghff`smtb‘s _òr`tbry ma _tbt`, bt tk` mp`fhfe ma tk` $;444 Trma`sshmfbi Zmurfbg`ftTkmtm ly Jbv` Ihfjquhst

Mieb _mit`sz, Umg`f‘s Uhff`rArmg Ghff`smtb Oibssho Trmerbg



?:0

ma b Tbfokm Qhiib gmustbok`, Jmf (’\`j‗) Lbrry.’\`j‗ immps bfj immps bfj immps armg tk` wbhst upihc` mf` ma tkms` mij-thg` \`j \yj`r gmvh` omwlmyshf sbjji`, wkhrihfe khs ibssm ufthi r`bjy whtk b jòhshvàihfe tm somr`. Fm jmult, tkmuek, bs E`rbij @sc`fbzh

hf b Gbr. <2, 285< F.X. Zhg`s brthoi` tìis us, J-Ncfmws kmw tm e`t tk` jrmp mf b euy> ’I``‘sBg`rhobfhzbthmf hfoiuj`s pibyhfe Omwlmys bfjHfjhbfs whtk khs smf, ? ·-y`br-mij Nàar`y. ’J-Nbiwbys pibys tk` omwlmy,‗ sbhj khs wha`, ’bfj k`biwbys tìis Nàar`y, ‛Pp ymur kbfjs.‘ U e`t b choc mut ma khs sibfe.‗

\`g`gl`r kmw tk` sbg` euy us`j tm turf uphf b jmuli` a`btur`= Jmf, bat`r imshfe tm J-N, rmj`gbjiy smutk ly smutkw`st bfj lòbg` Zk` McibkmgbChj whffhfe tk` w``c`fj‘s Mp`f hf Mcibkmgb Ohty.

I``, g`bfwkhi`, hf khs s`gh‘s, w`ft mut tmabo` bf maa-omurt-mat-sghihfe Aubrfbjm \ml`rts wkm

gby mr gby fmt kbv` sygpbtkhz`j whtktk` omgpibhft tkbt tkr`` strmfe liboc piby`rs, Kbsibg, E`mre` Lrbtkwbht`,bfj \hok Abrrìi w`r` bii mf tk` sbg`shj` ma tk` Jrbw. Gbyl` \mllh` wbft`jtm l` mv`r tk`r` tmm= Aubrfbjm ma

omurs` pibys whtk bf bfth-sphf rboc`tbfj kbs b r`putbthmf bs b sup`rl phoc-khtjà`fj`r. Bebhfst I``, tkmuek, surprhs`,

k` obg` mut swhfehfe. Zkhs wbs tk`gmr` surprhshfe lòbus` wmrj wbsemhfe rmufj tkbt gmst ma tk` jà`fs`-

ghfj`j @urmp`bfs w`r` ehvhfe up bfth-sphf lòbus` tk`y omuijf‘t kht wìi whtkht. Lut ha \mllh` wbs tryhfe tm prmv`tk`g wrmfe k` smmf okbfe`j khs ghfjbfj aìi lboc tm okmpphfe. Uk`rùpmfI`` nust rmuthfìy rmii`j bfj jrmpp`j,

rmii`j bfj jrmpp`j ufthi k` emt tk` putbwby. Bs P._. Z`bg Obptbhf Nboc

Kmwbrj sbhj, I`` biwbys jrmps tk` lbiib ihtti` skmrt`r, b ihtti` quhoc`r tkbf \mllh`‘s mtk`r oibss ma mppmf`fts, bfj ht gbc`s bii tk`jhaa`r`fo`.

Amiimw Kmwbrj armg tk` e`t-em ma b tmurfbg`ft bfj ymu‘r` lmufj tm i`brf mr bt i`bst

k`br smg`tkhfe hft`r`sthfe. Hf tk` v`ry ahrst rmufj Nboc‘s jrbwf @jjh` Gb. _m=…Bk, lut tk`wkhsp`rs lèhf. Zkhs @jjh` Gb‚k`‘s #2 hf Kmfe Cmfe….Kbs omg` k`r` tm stujy…bt tk`Pfhv`rshty ma Uhsomfshf….K` l`bt J-N bfj tk` wkmi` P._. Z`bg bt tk` Umrij‘s…._mg`mp`fhfe gbtok, kuk=

’Pp ymur kbfjs,‗ Nàar`y!

Aubrfbjm obg` mut

swhfehfeTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf

’Pp ymur kbfjs, Nàar`y!‗



?:1

Mlvhmusiy tk` _``jhfe Omgghtt`` kbj f`v`r k`brj ma khg. L`shj`s, J-N hs ròmrj`j lyP_ZZB Khstmrhbf Ghss Thfe Fùl`re`r bs kbvhfe imst hf Fbemyb tm mf`, Gb Iufe _bfe, armgKmfe Cmfe. Ru`sthmf> Hs tkhs Gb mf` bfj tk` sbg` _bfe= Gby l`‚‛obus` tkmuek k`‘sf`rvmus, k` immcs emmj. Lut Kmwbrj hf khs lrhekt r`j skmrts pibys bs ha mut amr limmj. (Ukyjm`s k` c``p hfshsthfe k`‘s fmt r`biiy b piby`r bfygmr`=) K` ghx`s Gb up whtk kbrj, abst

immps, okmho`, nuho`j okmps, bfj ihtti` tmuok limocs‚hf skmrt, pbocs khg hf ?-4.Zk`f Nboc wbics lrhsciy tkrmuek tk` mp`f jmmr ma bfmtk`r rmufj‚tm omg` up blruptiybebhfst b wbii. Zk` wìi-cfmwf _mutk Barhobf oug Obfbjhbf mf`. J`r`c, ihc` \mllh`, hs bism pibyhfe whtk bfth-sphf. Bfj Nboc nust obf‘t e`t tk` kbfe ma ht. Khs l`st immps omg` aimbthfe,sphffhfe lboc, mr br` uf`xpòt`jiy limoc`j, bfj, ihc` Trbjht làmr` khg, k`‘s l`bt`f hf :.

Hf tk` s`gh‘s, Ubii piby`j tk`gbtok ma tk` tmurfbg`ft‚puiihfe maa b

eutsy rbiiy mfiy tm ims` tm Kbsibg, -2:, -2;, 2;, 28, -28. _mg`mf` sbhj tkbt hf tk`sugg`r, wk`f tk` piby`rs jmf‘t omgp`t`bs guok, tk` khtt`rs kbv`f‘t tk`hr tmuok bfj

sm tk` okmpp`rs kbv` tk` bjvbftbe`. Lutwkbt emt tk` ormwj sm `xoht`j hf tkhs 28-

hf-tk`-0tk gbtok wbs Ubii‘s okbfoy oiutokkhtthfe, tkms` jbfe`rmus lbockbfj phocs bttk` `fj ma tk` :tk bfj 0tk ebg`s. _``hfeUbii‘s v`r-r`jj`fhfe abo` bfj cfmwhfetkbt k` ihc`s b jrhfc mr twm mr tkr``, Htkmuekt ma _kbc`sp`br`‘s ghjji`-be`j

Bftmfy‘ser`btihf` tm

Oi`mpbtrb> kmw k`‘ii ’Amro` tk` whf` p``p tkrmuek tk`hr sobrs.‗ G`bfhfe kmw k`‘ii r`vì khs smijh`rs hftm iha`, hftm b lbtti` uftm j`btk3 kmw k`‘ii rbhs tk`hr sphrhts, gbc` tk`

limmj omurs` tkrmuek tk`hr v`hfs, wkbt`v r whf , wkbt v r limmj hs sur tm sphii…bebhf. Bt tk` 28 fj, Ubii wbs bfytkhfe lut r`j-abo`j whtk glbrrbssg`ft bt kbvhfe imst tm khs guokymufe`r, strmfe`r mppmf`ft. Hf bfmtk`r thg`, bfmtk`r pibo`,wbvhfe b Omr ju Luy ombt ma brgs, k`‘j l``f b limmjy emmjsmijh`r.

Bfmtk`r strmfe àamrt wbs gbj` ly Ghi`s hf imshfe tm_w``rhs hf 0. Jhoc kbj emtt`f tm Ghff`bpmihs ? mr : jbys

làmr` tk` tmurfbg`ft prmp`r, kbj jmf` kbia b jmz`f rbjhmbfj ZQ skmws (Lmmf` bfj @rhocsmf, Lhii Obrismf‘sGhjjby), kbj ehv`f b ombokhfe oihfho bfj i`ssmfs bt tk`Gbemm Oiul s`v`rbi fhekts hf b rmw. (_bhj mf` ymufe piby`r,

’E``, wmuijf‘t ht l` er`bt tm kbv` b jbj ihc` Ghi`s.‗’X`bk,‗ sbhj bfmtk`r, ’mr b erbfjjbj ihc` Lmeebf.‗) Ibreìy lòbus` ma Jhoc‘s prmgmthmfbi wmrc, tbli` t`ffhs r`p`bt`jiyobg` hftm tk` kmg`s ma kufjr`js ma tkmusbfjs ma p`mpi`.

J`r`c Ubii> piby`j

tk` gbtok ma tk`

tmurfbg`ft whtk

Kbsibg

Jhoc Ghi`sTkmtm ly

Zmg E`he`r



?:5

Jìi sbys k` stbrt`j mut pibyhfe Jhoc bs ha k`, Jìi, w`r` bf ;tk-erbj`r (tk` chfj ma lmywkm‘j l` omghfe tm mf` ma Jìi‘s mwf oihfhos bt khs f`wiy mp`f`j Ummjibfj Zbli` Z`ffhsO`ft`r hf Erbfj \bphjs). K` immp`j whtkmut vbryhfe tk` sphf. Ubsf‘t tryhfe tm amiimw up whtkb chii. Jhoc cf`w bii k` kbj tm jm wbs st`bjhiy e`t tk` lbii lboc. Bat`r smg` hft`fs` piby, Jhoc kbj Jìi <4-2; jmuli`-gbtok-pmhft hf tk` :tk. Lut fmw Jìi piby`j amur imfe pmhfts v`ry, v`ry

wìi, wbs kìp`j ly bf hrr`trh vbli` je`, bfj v`ftubiiy sfbtok`j bwby tk` gbtok._w``rhs tk`f w`ft mf tm ehv` Kbsibg smg` bfxhmus gmg`fts làmr` imshfe hf :. ’Hgbj` ? lbsho ghstbc`s,‗ sbhj Jìi.

’(2) Uk`f H emt hftm b omuft`r-jrhvhfe shtubthmf H hfsthfothvìy put tk` ahrst lbii tm tk` lbockbfj, tk` f`xt mf` tm tk` amr`kbfj‚bfj 8 thg`s mut ma 24 H emt mf` ma I`s‘s sup`rsphfsskmt hftm g`. Zkbt strbtèy us`j tm wmrc hf tk` jbys wk`f H piby`j Crusch` bfj _bcbh, lutfmw tk`r`‘s tmm guok sphf. H‘v` emt tm vbry tk` pbtt`rf. (<) Uk`f I`s immp`j tm gy lbockbfj,

bfj H nust limoc`j ht lboc, bfy kbiawby jò`ft lbockbfj r`turf wmuij put g` hgg`jhbtìy bt bjhsbjvbftbe`. H kbv` tm i`brf tm limoc whtk gmr` amro`. (?) H kbv` b t`fj`foy tm r`tr`bt lbocomurt rbtk`r tkbf stby up oims`. H jmf‘t a`ì omgamrtbli` whtk tk` abst piby bf up-oims`tbli`-ebg` j`gbfjs. Botubiiy, bebhfst Trbjht, H‘j f`v`r em lboc‚H‘v` i`brf`j kmw k` obf

bfei` ymu tm j`btk. Lut Kbsibg, lhe bs k` hs, bs pmw`raui bs k` hs, obf bism pibo` tk` lbii v`rywìi. Bfj fmw tkbt H cfmw tkbt, mur f`xt gbtok wmf‘t l` tk` sbg`.‗

Kmw gbfy piby`rs kbv` sbhj tkbt‚tk`r`‘s biwbys b imt gmr` ims`rs tkbf whff`rs.Ukhok tkmuekt biimws g`, làmr` H ahfhsk up whtk tk` gbnmr Jmuli`s gbtok`s bfj smg` guokj`s`rv`j tkbfcs, tm ehv` tk` r`suits ma mtk`r `v`fts> B‘s> T`t`r Emfjb mv`r Jbffy _``ghii`r.L‘s> @ghi` _kmrt, kbvhfe squ`bc`j ly Lbrj Lr`ff`r jùo` hf tk` ?rj, jmwf`j Tbui Ibgs` hftk` s`gh‘s, bfj B Omfsmibthmf whff`r N`rry Zkrbsk`r hf tk` ahfbi. O‘s> Kmrbo` \ml`rts mv`r Ghc` Lbl`r. Fmvho` Jmuli`s> Ibgs`/Hgbfts Cbrcihs mv`r Ibszim C`v`s/Zmfy Tmuims. Ehris 25>

\msbi mv`r L`v K`ss. Lmys 25> _``ghii`r mv`r \hok _hfychf. Lmys 20> Lbl`r mv`r Nmkf_mj`rl`re. Lmys 2?> _mj`rl`re mv`r _kbuf Ghii`r.

Hf tk` G`f‘s Jmuli`s, _w``rhs t`bg`j whtk khs f`w ymufe pbrtf`r, Lhii I`sf`r, tm put

up b swhfehf‘ ahekt bebhfst Fbthmfbi Okbgphmfs I`` bfj Trbjht. I`sf`r, ibst y`br‘s FbthmfbiNufhmr Okbgphmf, hs tryhfe kbrj tm gbc` tk` P._. Z`bg tm tk` Umrij‘s. K` wbs cfmoc`j mut ma tk` B‘s k`r`, tkmuek, ly Zhg Lmeebf wkm, jmwf 24-2 bt tk` turf, ibt`r kht hf ; strbhekt kbrj,

aibt amr`kbfjs‚tk`f yìi`j blmut ht.Zk` lhe ups`t, kmw`v`r, obg` hf

tk` Jmuli`s ahfbi wk`f tk` bttbochfeObfbjhbfs, @rrmi Ob`tbfm (tk` ’m‗ hsshi`ft smg` purhst wbs tìihfe g`) bfjT`t`r Emfjb, mut-bttboc`j, mut-bfei`j

Trbjht bfj I``! Ha J-N stbrts imshfe gmr`tkbf b a`w jmuli`s gbtok`s br` p`mpi`

emffb tkhfc k`‘s i`ss bfj i`ss hfvhfohli`hf shfei`s bs wìi=

@brih`r, tk` Obfbjhbfs kbj l``f pibyhfe b prbotho` ebg` ma ’jmuli

lmufo`‗‚khtthfe tk` lbii ahrst mf mf`‘smwf shj` tk`f mf tk` mtk`r, ’Uky br`ymu jmhfe tkbt=‗ H bsc`j. Zurfs mut ht‘stk` wby Emfjb bs b t``fbe`r us`j tm

T`t`r Emfjb> k` bfjOb`tbfm gbc` b strmfe t`bg




?:;

prbotho` whtk Mrimwsch hf Trbeu` hf 281:. ’Zkbt‘smf` ma tk` wbys @urmp`bfs prbotho`,‗ T`t`r sbys.’Amr omfo`ftrbthmf, H tkhfc.‗

Hf tk` Ghx`j Jmuli`s ahfbi, Lmeebf-Obsk,whtk tk`hr gbtokhfe j`bj limocs bfj aibt khts, l`bt

_w``rhs bfj (ahiihfe hf amr Omffh`) Bfeìhtb \msbi.Jìi wbs omfstbftiy bt Bfeh`‘s `br, ehvhfe k`r ihtti` shefbis. Hf tk` s`gh‘s, tk`r` wbs b lht ma omftrmv`rsy bat`r Zhg bfj Tbtty kbj emtt`f lyKbsibg/Gbreu`rht` Lurf`tt <;-<1 hf wkbt`v`rylmjy tkmuekt wbs tk` jòhjhfe ?rj. Uk`f htwbs jhsomv`r`j tkbt tk` gbtok skmuij kbv` l``f

? mut ma 0, wkbt tm jm= Fmt wkbt Zmurfbg`ft\à`r`` _w``rhs vhb \ui`s Okbhrgbf I`j`rgbfjòhj`j> tm bwbrj tk` $<44 gbtok whtkmut aurtk`r bjm (bs thg` wbs ruffhfe skmrt) tm Lmeebf-Obsk.

Zkhs jhj fmt sht tmm wìi whtk Kbsibg mr khs pbrtf`r Lurf`tt wkmg k` obiis ’Gbeeh`.‗ ’Ht‘s tk`

prhfohpi` ma tk` tkhfe,‗ I`s sbhj‚bfj tkr bt f`j tm j abuit armg tk` G`f‘s ahfbi. Uk rùpmf tk`Zmurfbg`ft Omgghtt`` quhociy r`-omfshj`r`j‚bfj tk` amur ma us piby`j bfmtk`r ebg`.

U` jm bii kbv` tm wmrc tme`tk`r, ymu cfmw.Hf gbchfe tkhs tmurfbg`ft tk` er`bt suoo`ss tkbt ht wbs, Okbrih` Jhsf`y, bt tk` urehfe

ma Jhoc Ghi`s, tmmc khs ou` armg tk` suoo`ssaui $5,044 \`jmfjm L`bok tmurfbg`ft bfjomftbot`j tk` gbfy lushf`ssg`f bfj omrpmrbt` i`bj`rs ma khs omggufhty tm prmjuo` b r`biiy

ohvho `v`ft. Zkmuek khs lhrj-jme wmrc wbsf‘t `bsy, wbs smg`thg`s jhsbppmhfthfe, Okbrih`w`ft mut, c`pt tm tk` so`ft, bfj emt kìp armg Jbhf, Cbigbf, & Rubhi3 Emij Lmfj _tbgps3Ahrst Fbthmfbi Lbfc ma Ghff`bpmihs3 Zmfcb Zmys3 Fmrtkw`st`rf Lìi Zì`pkmf`3 Gufshfew`br3

Ghffèbsom3 Ghc`‘s Trm _kmp3 E. K. Z`ffbft3 @omfmgho Ibls3 \bjhssmf Kmtì3 T`psh Omib3Ahrst Lbfc ma F`w Lrhektmf3 \mfbij N`wì`rs3 J`trmht`r3 bfj Gbrthf Chipbtrhoc. Hgpr`sshv`,kuk= _m H‘j sbhj hf tkhs wrht`-up tkbt w` bii muekt tm l` hfj`lt`j tm Okbrih` amr khs kusti`, bfj

tkbt H kmp`j khs spòhbi prmgmthmfbi tbi`fts wmuij l` bsc`j amr bii mv`r tk` omuftry._pòhbi tkbfcs, tmm, tm sm gbfy‚tm Jmue Gbjby wkm k`bj`j tk` Zmurfbg`ft

Omgghtt``, bfj wkm, bimfe whtk Okbrih` bfj f`wiy-w`jj`j Bibf Emijst`hf, brrbfe`j tm kbv`b prhvbt` imufe` amr tk` piby`rs bfj sm gbj` tk`g a`ì wbft`j, hgpmrtbft3 tm N`rry Zbyimr wkmbrrbfe`j tk` tmurfbg`ft sok`juihfe3 tm Kbrry Chtsìgbf bfj Eus C`ff`jy wkm kìp`j s`t uptk` pibyhfe br`b bfj bsshst`j l`khfj tk` tmurfbg`ft j`scs3 tm Zmfy _cnmij wkm k`bj`j tk` Bjs

bfj Zhoc`t Omgghtt``3 tm Jbv` Ihfjquhst wkm `jht`j tk` prma`sshmfbi-immchfe Trmerbg (’Auii pbe` bj, $544‗)3 tm Ibrry N`fs`f wkm wbs b ihbhsmf be`ft whtk tk` \bjhssmf Kmtì bfj sm

prmvhj`j us whtk bf blsmiutìy p`raòt rmmg tm kmij mur @.O. G``thfe hf3 tm \hok _hfychf bfjJmf Ibrsmf wkm, kìphfe tm prmgmt` tk` `v`ft, ebv` `xkhlhthmfs bfj sbw tm ht tkbt Ghi`s bfj Hemt tm tkms` hft`rvh`w skmws.

Mf` spmfsmr, T`psh Omib, hf b pmst-tmurfbg`ft Nuiy 0tk i`tt`r ma omferbtuibthmfs tm

Jhsf`y wrhtt`f ly Jbv` Tbtok`tt, `gpkbshz`j Okbrih`‘s stbaa mrebfhzbthmf bfj ufhty, tk`btki`thohsg ma tk` piby`rs, bfj tk` pbrthohpbfts‘ pi`bsur` bt piby`r/maahohbi ommp`rbthmf. Luttkmuek Tbtok`tt gbj` oi`br T`psh‘s j`shr` tm r`f`w tk`hr spmfsmrskhp hf 285?, k` jhj pmhft mutmf` br`b tkbt k` tkmuekt f``j`j hgprmv`g`ft>

Gbyl` tk`hr shefbis emt ormss`j=Tkmtm ly Jbv` Ihfjquhst



?:8

’…@v`f tkmuek H wbs hgpr`ss`j whtk tk` tmurf`y, smg` ma tk` ‛prma`sshmfbi‘ piby`rs t`fj tm or`bt` b lht ma skbllhf`ss, o`rtbhfiyfmt hf blhihty, lut hf tk`hr btthr`. _mg` ma tk` piby`rs jhspiby`j fhoìmmchfe wbrg-up suhts bfj emmj-immchfe skm`s. Zk`f, wk`f tk`gbtok wbs tm lèhf, maa obg` tk` emmj-immchfe wbrg-up suhts. Zbic

blmut b tmtbi okbfe`! Zkhs wbs prmlbliy tk` mf` tkhfe tkbt stbfjsmut hf gy ghfj bs bf br`b wk`r` oibss f``js tm l` bjj`j….‗

O`rtbhfiy ymu omuijf‘t abuit tk` tmurfbg`ft maahohbis bfj tk`hr stbaa hf tkhs rèbrj‚biiw`r` jr`ss`j hj`fthobiiy lut obsubiiy hf omuftry oiul Gufshfew`br spmrt skhrts bfj sibocs. Zk`jr`ss-up Tiby`rs Tbrty, tmm, wbs oibss. Zk`r` wbs b spbohmus, smatiy-iht rmmg whtk b lbr bfj bgbrvìmus kmt bfj omij sgmrebslmrj supp`r (b v`rhtbli` lbfqu`t) bfj ibre` rmufj tbli`s

wk`r` p`mpi` omuij sht bfj `bt bfj tmbst mf` bfmtk`r bfj ibuek bfj tbic blmut tk`hr trhugpks,mr, omfsmi`j ly emmj ammj, emmj jrhfc, bfj emmj omgpbfy bt i`bst ihst`f whtk bf hfjuie`ftsghi`. Zk`y omuij bism wbtok sihekt-ma-kbfj `xp`rt _omtt Abrr, wkm w`ft armg tbli` tm tbli` mfb smrt ma ihtti` prm ohrouht ma khs mwf, up, ahfbiiy, tm b ibre`r stbe`, wk`r`, bs brthst-gbehohbf, k`

omfthfu`j tm surprhs` `v`rymf` whtk tk` abr-r`bokhfe pmw`r, tk` puii, ma khs hiiushmfs. Fm jhaahouity amr g`, tk`f, hf sbyhfe, hfsphrbthmfbiiy, tkbt tkhs wbs tk` fho`st tmurfbg`ft

H‘v` `v`r l``f tm.

_@I@OZ@J FMZ@_.*J-N tmij Ubskhfetmf Tmst r`pmrt`r Tbui Bttf`r (Nbf. <2, 285<) tkbt k` tmmc khs

`xkhlhthmfs ’v`ry s`rhmusiy.‗ ’Zk`y kìp`j gy piby,‗ k` sbhj. ’Xmu kbj tm gbc` sur` ymu jhjf‘tg`ss up `v`f rmuthf` skmts mr ht wmuij gbc` ymu immc lbj. Zkus ymu i`brf`j tm l` skbrp hf bii

pkbs`s ma tk` ebg`.‗

J-N I`` bfj I`s Kbsibg

omferbtuibthfe mf`

bfmtk`r bfj us, tk`

bppròhbthv` bujh`fo`, mf

b suoo`ssaui `xkhlhthmf



?04

Okbpt`r Zw`fty-_hx

285<> @fj ma _`bsmf Zmurfbg`fts‚HH (Jhxmf Uhfs

Ahrst Fbthmfbi Bssmohbthmf ma Omiiè` Pfhmfs‚Hft rfbthmfbi

Zmurfbg`ft).

Bitkmuek tk` BOP-H kbj omfjuot`j Hft`romiièhbt` tbli`t`ffhs tmurfbg`fts hf hts 20 \èhmfs tkrmuekmut tk` omuftry làmr`, tkhs hs tk` ahrst FBZHMFBI mf`. Ht wbs kìj hf `briyBprhi, 285< bt Uhsomfshf _tbt` Pfhv`rshty hf Ukht`wbt`r, kmgòmurt amr Jbffy _uiihvbf, Okbhr ma tk` BOP-H‘s \òr`bthmfOmgghtt``. \hokbrj Ebe` ma tk` Pfhv`rshty ma Kmustmf

k`bj`j tk` Zbli` Z`ffhs sòthmf wk`r`hf piby wbs ihght`j tmG`f‘s bfj Umg`f‘s _hfei`s bfj G`f‘s bfj Umg`f‘s Jmuli`s.

P_ZZB Hft`romiièhbt` Okbhr Jmue _t`wbrt, wkmr`pibo`j _tubrt Ibssbr wk`f _tu iàt tk` omuftry tm wmrc

blrmbj, `xpibhf`j kmw tk` omgp`thtmrs w`r` okms`f (ZZZ ,Gby-Nuf`, 285<, 5). Omiiè`s wbfthfe tm l` r`pr`s`ft`j hf tk`

qubihayhfe \èhmfbi omgp`ththmf w`r` biimw`j tm s`fj twm piby`rs hf `bok shfei`s v`ft bfj mf` pbhr hf `bok jmuli`s`v`ft. Psubiiy tk`s` piby`rs w`r` okms`f tkrmuek omgp`ththv` piby bt tk`hr mwf sokmmis. Zk` 20 \èhmfbi whff`rs pius mf`bjjhthmfbi ftry r`pr`s`fthfe tk` kmst omiiè` wmuij tk`f l`ìhehli` amr tkhs Fbthmfbi omgp`ththmf. _t`wbrt wbs `fomurbe`j

ly tk` Rubihayhfe turfmut‚amr `xbgpi , hf tk` F`w Xmrc Ohty/Tkhibjìpkhb \èhmf, tkhs y`br‘s5: `ftrh`s trhpi`j ibst y`br‘s. Jmue kmp`s tkbt hf 285? b P._. omiièhbt` t`bg obf l` s`ft tm tkÙmrij Pfhv`rshty Ebg`s. Fm g`fthmf wbs gbj` ma tk` \èhmfbi Umg`f‘s whff`rs, bfj sm H

bssug` tk`y w`r` bls`ft armg tkhs Fbthmfbi‘s (tkmuek H jmf‘t cfmw wky). Zw`fty-y`br-mijBiho` Er``f‘s gmst rò`ft trmpky wbs `ferbv`j, ’Omiuglhb G`f‘s Okbgphmf.‗ Zk`hr Pfhv`rshty Z`bg Sfmf` ma wkmg omgp`t`j k`r`W ’hs om`j> shx tm fhf` g`f bfj k`r.‗

Ghokhebf‘s Nàa _gbrt (Mbcibfj Pfhv`rshty) r`pmrt`jiy jhjf‘t whf khs \èhmf lut wbsbli` tm tbc` Mkhmbf Nhg _up`fscy‘s pibo`, bfj, hf bf brthoi` bjnbo`ft tm _t`wbrt‘s, omv`r`j tk`tmurfbg`ft amr Zmphos. Kmw eibj Nàa wbs tm l` pbrt ma ht bii. ’U` w`r` tr`bt`j ihc` oì`lrhth`s,bfj ht s``g`j ihc` b ghfhbtur` Umrij‘s> wìomghfe o`r`gmfh`s, lbfqu`ts, ehats, biimtt`j prbotho` thg`s, bfj `v`f skhrts whtk mur fbg`s bfj sokmmis mf tk` lboc‗ (tkbt hfoiuj`s’_urbsbc Cmbch`ttbv`òkbh, Fmrtk Bjbgs _tbt`‗). Zmurfbg`ft Jhròtmr Ebe` wbs b fho` euy

whtk b s`fs` ma kugmr tkbt biimw`j khg tm gbc` up fhocfbg`s amr tk` piby`rs (_urbsbc, ibsty`br‘s ufmaahohbi Okbgphmf, wbs ’_uebr Lbly‗). Kmw`v`r, \hokbrj jhjf‘t btt`gpt tm s``j bfy

piby`rs‚whtk tk` r`suit tkbt tk` twm ;-gbf rmufj rmlhf ermups w`r` lhzbrrìy uf`v`f> bii tk`5 piby`rs hf Ermup B, Nàa aìt, omuij l`bt bii tk` 5 piby`rs hf Ermup L.

Hf Ermup B, Nhg Jhxmf (5-4) ahfhsk`j 2st ‚mv`r ruff`r-up _urbsbc (0-<) bfj Ghtok_`bithì (0-<). _urbsbc l`bt _`bithì, lut imst tm _t`v` Cbuagbff (?-:), tk` Fm. 0 ahfhsk`r

l`khfj _gbrt (:-?). Cbuagbff, mrhehfbiiy armg @feibfj, sbys k`‘s l`bt`f tk` strmfe @feihsk piby`rs Nbrvhs bfj Ubic`r. Hf Ermup L, Z xbf Lrbj Amuftbhf (5-4) wbs 2st ‚mv`r _mutk`rfHiihfmhs‘ ruff`r-up Gmkbgg`j Bazbi Kussbhf (fhocfbg`j ’Gmkbgg`j Bih‗), r`pmrt`jiy #? hfTbchstbf. Gmkbgg`j (1-2) bjvbfo`j mv`r, bgmfe mtk`rs, Mj` Khisbob (Lrhekbg Xmufe),

285< Hft`romiièhbt` Okbgphmf

Nhg JhxmfTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



?02

r`pmrt`jiy b <-thg` Tbi`sthfhbf Okbgphmf. Cbg (’Chfe Cmfe‗) Cmfe armg Kmfe Cmfe bfjUbskhfetmf _tbt` wbs ?rj.

Hf tk` ormssmv`r s`gh‘s gbtok`s, tk` L ahfhsk`rs kbj fm okbfo`‚wkhok iàt Jhxmf bfj_urbsbc tm piby b r`-gbtok amr tk` Okbgphmfskhp. Kbrj tm sby wkm‘j whf. _urbsbc, tkmuek’mut ma prbotho` bfj mut ma skbp`,‗ kbs b ’v`ry emmj oims`-tm-tk`-tbli` limoc bfj omuft`r

ebg` smg`wkbt ihc` Trbjht‘s.‗ Lut k` wbs bli` tm l`bt _`bithì bfj _gbrt fmt ly khtthfe lut ly puskhfe! Zkbt hs, k` somr j mat`f whtk ’bt-tk`-lmufo` bfei pusk`s‗‚mr ’skmrt nbls‗‚tkbtvbrh`j hf sphf bfj tbli` j`ptk. Hf `brih`r rmufj rmlhf piby ht immc`j bs ha k`‘j l`bt Jhxmf hf tk`?rj, lut imst armg blmut 2:-0 up. Hf tk` ahfbi, ’Nhg tmtbiiy jmghfbt`j ly sgbskhfe lmtk lbockbfjs bfj amr`kbfjs armg bii mv`r tk` omurt tm whf kbfjhiy.‗

Zk`r` w`r` btt`gpts hf fmt nust Ghff`smtb lut hf vbrhmus pbrts ma tk` omuftry tm stbrtkhek sokmmi hft`r-sokmmi mr hft`r-oiul piby (Jìbwbr`, amr `xbgpi`, sustbhf`j b amur-sokmmi

i`beu` tkhs s`bsmf). Lut, bs E`mre` Lul`f tìis us (ZZZ , Nuiy-Bue., 285<, <<), Ghokhebf kheksokmmi piby`rs w`r` ehv`f bt i`bst b gmg`ftbry lmmst wk`f Biih`j Xmutk ma Ghokhebf‘s Jr.Bujr`y Chrcibfj, a`ìhfe tkbt, bat`r tk` P._. Z`bg‘s Okhfb trhp, tk`r` wbs b f`w hft`r`st hfZbli` Z`ffhs, jòhj`j tm put mf b tmurfbg`ft ’mp`f tm bfy 22tk mr 2<tk erbj`r hf bfy puliho,

prhvbt`, mr pbrmokhbi sokmmi.‗ Zkhs hj`b wbs b ’fbturbi,‗ amr Biih`j Xmutk‘s bhg wbs ’tm ufhtymutk hf omgp`ththv` spmrts amr tk` j`vìmpg`ft ma p`rsmfbi okbrbot`r, smohbi r`spmfshlhihty,

bfj tk` suppmrt ma Bg`rhobf j`gmorboy‗3 ht bism wbft`j tm ’t`bok tk` amiiy ma Biomkmi bfjJrue Blus`.‗

Zkmuek, surprhshfeiy mr fmt, s`v`rbi sokmmis jhjf‘twbft tm pbrthohpbt`, tk`r` wbs b emmj turfmut> mv`r :4 sokmmiskbj tk`hr piby-maas, whtk mf` ma tk`g kbvhfe 1< piby`rs vyhfeamr tk` imobi prhz` ma b Jhothmfbry bfj tk` mppmrtufhty tm piby

hf tk` Nuf` 25 Ahfbis bt Omlm Kbii. Zk` Ahfbi prhz`s w`r``xo`pthmfbi. Ahrst Trhz`‚$2,444 Lmfj‚w`ft tm Jmf Lrbzìi._òmfj Trhz`‚$044 Lmfj‚tm _u` Khij`lrbfjt. Zkhrj prhz`‚

$<44 Lmfj‚tm \ml`rt Thocf`y wkm‘j l``f pibyhfe mfiy by`br.

Jhoc Ghi`s emt b I`tt`r (ZZZ , Nuiy-Bue., 285<, 8) armg

bf 2;-y`br-mij wkm mfiy emt hft`r`st`j hf pibyhfe blmut 8gmftks bem bfj tk`f emt pugp`j up ly r`bjhfe Jhoc‘s lmmc.K`r` br` smg` `xo`rpts armg tkhs fmt-sm-ymufe jr`bg`r‘s p`f>

’…H stbrt`j e`tthfe hft`r`st`j lòbus` Hwmrc`j hf mur sokmmi bs b nbfhtmr, bfj H wmuij sf`bc

hftm tk` ahìj kmus` bfj wbtok smg` chjs bfj t`bok`rs lbtthfe tk` lbii brmufj.

H kbj piby`j tbli` t`ffhs làmr` blmut t`f thg`s (whtk gy gmtk`r bfj lrmtk`r bfj tk`y biwbys j`gmihsk`j gy pur` lbockbfj strmc`). H f`v`r piby`j bat`r H wbstwìv` lòbus` H wbs biwbys `glbrrbss`j tm l` l`bt`f ly gy gmtk`r.

…Mf` jby (blmut mf` gmftk bat`r purokbshfe ymur lmmc) H ahfhsk`j wmrc `briy

bfj rusk`j tm piby phfe-pmfe. @v`rymf` kbj iàt. H sbjiy wbic`j bwby, j`t`rghf`j tm l`bt bfymf` wkm okbii fe`j g`.

Zkbt fhekt H prbotho`j amr tk` ahrst thg`. H jhjf‘t `fnmy tk` prbotho` lut ht kìp`j.Gy tòkfhqu` fmw hfoiuj`j b amr`kbfj limoc.

Jmf Lrbzìi - b $2444 lmfj

BFJ b Jhothmfbry



?0<

H tk`f tmmc bpprmxhgbtìy mf` jby maa armg wmrc `bok w``c. Gy lmss jhjf‘tihc` tkbt. Lut H jhjf‘t obr`. H lèbf tm imv` phfe-pmfe. H c`pt prbothohfe bfj pibyhfe bfjschpphfe wmrc. Gy lmss tkr`bt`f`j tm ahr` g`. ‛Umrc mr phfe-pmfe,‘ k` sbhj.

…Zk`f, mfiy tkr`` w``cs bat`r H stmpp`j, tk` sokmmi pkys-`j p`mpi` sbhj fmgmr` phfe-pmfe.

Bs b rbjhobi, H jòhj`j tm ahekt amr us piby`rs. (Bs amr g` pmsshliy l`hfe bf x- phfe-pmfe`r= Amre`t ht!) U` ahfbiiy emt tk`g tm gmv` tk` tbli`s hftm tk` sokmmi‘simlly‚ufj`r tk` stbhrs. Lut tkbt jhjf‘t ibst imfe. Zk`y tmmc tk` tbli`s mfo` gmr`….

…Nbfubry, A`lrubry, Gbrok. Zk`y‘r` emhfe tm ehv` tk`g lboc! U` e`t mur mwfrmmg! Zwm tbli`s! Er`bt! _m H piby mf` gmr` w``c bfj quht tk` obaè bfj Obri.

H piby phfe-pmfe v`ry jby, v`ry p`rhmj ma sokmmi H obf bfj bat`r sokmmi.Thfe-Tmfe turfs hftm Zbli` Z`ffhs. \ui`s, ièbi rboc`ts, emmj lbiis omg` hftm piby. Zk`

gmftk ma Gby H okbfe`j armg l`hfe tk` l`st p`fkmij`r (tk`r` w`r` mfiy tkr`` ma tk`gbfywby) tm b g`jhug skbc`kbfjs piby`r. H jmf‘t ihc` l`hfe l`bt, lut fmw H‘g bs emmjbs H wbs. H‘v` l`bt `v`rymf` `xo`pt mf` t`bok`r hf tk` sokmmi (tk`y‘v` l`bt g` tmm). K` psyok`s g` mut lòbus` k` gbc`s g` lìh v` H‘ii f`v`r l`bt khg.

…H pibf tm lòmg` er`bt. H tkhfc H kbv` tk` j`t`rghfbthmf tm i`brf tk` ebg`bfj whf.

H wbft tm piby hf tk` Umrij‘s f`xt y`br. H wbft tm whf tk` P._. Mp`f f`xt y`br.H tkhfc ht pmsshli` bfj bism hgpmsshli`.

…Gbyl` H‘ii f`v`r gbc` ht….Ukm cfmws= Lut hsf‘t ht tkbt orbzy imv` amr tk` ebg`tkbt gbc`s ymu whf= H nmhf`j tk` Gbrhf`s (wmuij ymu lìh`v` ht=) tm gbhfiy kbv` b emmj pbyhfe autur` wkhi` tbchfebjvbftbe` ma tk`hr spmrts prmerbg.

Zk`y sby ha H kbv` tk` j`shr` tk`ywhii kìp g` i`brf bfj whf.

Ukm cfmws, gbyl`, nust

gbyl`, H whii whf tk` P._. Mp`ff`xt y`br bfj tk`f tk` Umrij‘s. Ha H jmf‘t tkhs thg` H‘ii c``p tryhfe

ufthi H jh`. Zkhs hsf‘t tk` ibst thg`ymu‘ii k`br armg g`, Jhoc Ghi`s.Ukm cfmws, gbyl` ymu‘ii l` gyombok.

\HOK A@FEI@\ <<2 Obtbipb \j.

Uhitmf, Omff.41;85‗

Gbyl` Jhoc whii l` khs ombok=Jhoc obii`j ymufe Gr. A`fei`r tmwìomg` khg tm tk` Ebg`, bfj mf \hok‘s

ahrst i`bv` tk` twm br` emhfe tm kht smg`, p`rkbps kbv` b ombokhfe s`sshmf whtk tk`rmlmt wbhthfe tm g``t tkhs f`w puphi btJhoc‘s bpbrtg`ft.

Jhoc sbys, ’Ubft tm ehv` ymur ebg` b ihat=

Trbotho` whtk tk` rmlmt‗



?0?

Hfjhbfb‘sOmbok _okiàa (ZZZ , Nbf.-A`l,

285?, <:) kìj khs’<fj Bffubi FbthmfbiHft`rsokmibstho‗tmurfbg`ft Gby :-0 hf Ebry amr piby`rs be`j 1 tm 2;. Ombok sbys, ’Zk`r` w`r`<<0 lmys bfj ehris armg 04 ohth`s bfj 2< stbt`s `ft`r`j‗‚

tkmuek, bibs, wk`f khs lbs`g`ft wbs aimmj`j k` imst gmst ma tk` sokmmi r`suits. Zk` 1-5-;-y`br-mijs piby`j mf ’tk` mfiy<0-hfok tbli` hf tk` wmrij!‗ T`rkbps tk` gmst prmghshfeymufest`rs w`r` Nàa Uhiihbgs, 8, bfj Gbry Imu Thbt`c, 24.

Ombok hsf‘t tk` mfiy mf` wbfthfe ihtti` tmts tm i`brfkmw tm immp mr kht. Jr. \by Ok`f `pmxh`j b strhfe mftm b

tbli` t`ffhs lbii bfj kufe ht armg b o`hihfe bt khs kmg`.K`r`‘s khs ymufeihfe swbtthfe tk` lbii. Bfj wkhi` H tkhfc ma ht, Zmphos ‚wkbt b obtok-bii ht hs!‚kbs tbc`f tm pulihskhfe2<-y`br-mij chjs‘ phfe-pmfe pm`try bfj prms`, bfj e`tthfe b Zkbfc Xmu amr ht armg tk`hr t`bok`r, Gs. I`sih` Uhiihbgs. (’Zk` chjs br` v`ry `xoht`j bfj bfxhmus tm s`` tk`hr wmrc hf prhft.‗)

_m k` jrhv`s b k`brs`3 Ombok _okiàa khgsìa lrhfes b lusimbj ma iha` tm khs tmurfbg`ft

Nàa UhiihbgsTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf

Bfeìm Jhgbibftb (I), be` 0, pibyhfe lrmtk`r

@rho, be` 1, amr tk` 2852 P._. Btki`tho Bssm-

ohbthmf Be` 1 Okbgphmfskhps bt tk` Uhiihbg

Uhrt Khek _okmmi hf Ebry, Hfjhbfb, whtk

Ombok _okiàa bs ugphr`

@briy swhfe`r



?0:

Ok``raui sbgpi`s>

’H bg b ihtti` phfe-pmfe lbii.H ory bfj ory.T`mpi` sibp g` up bfj jmwf,

Zk`y sibp g` ufthi H jh`.‗

’…H r`biiy ihc` l`hfe b phfe-pmfe lbii lòbus` H ihc` aiyhfe bfj H ihc` tk` vh`w.Lut tk`r` br` jhsbjvbftbe`s ihc` l`hfe sibgg`j tmm kbrj bfj l`hfe ghstr`bt j lykugbfs bfj bfhgbis. H f`v`r e`t tm s`` gy gmtk`r lòbus` sk` wbs skhpp`j tm Okhfb tm piby hf b tmurfbg`ft. Gy abtk`r wbs imst hf tk` ebrj`f ma tk` _ghtk kmg` bfj f`v`r wbs amufj….‗

Ombok bism kìj khs P._. Btki`tho Bssmohbthmf Mp`f Gby :-0 hf Ebry. Ubhjh Jbwmju,

tk` amrg`r Fhe`rhbf Hft`rfbthmfbi, wmf tk` G`f‘s, amiimw`j ly ruff`r-up Nhg Ibzbrus, bfjs`ghahfbihsts Brfh Guzugjbr bfj Zmg Go@vmy. Umg`f‘s w`ft tm Lbrlbrb Zbsokf`r mv`r k`r gmtk`r Jmrmtky. G`f‘s Jmuli`s whff`rs> Guzugjbr/Bibf Emijst`hf mv`r Jbwmju/@ihnbk

Mshtìu. Ghx`j> Nàa _gbrt/Lbrl Zbsokf`r mv`r Guzugjbr/Gbry Imu Thbt`c Bshj` armg tkùsubi `v`fts, Ombok maa`r`j smg` ’spòhbis.‗ Kbrj \ull`r> Lruo` Boc`rgbf mv`r Fmrg_oki`ss, jùo` hf tk` ?rj. Ummj Mfiy> Go@vmy mv`r Lruo` GoEk``, bat`r Lruo` kbj `je`j_oki`ss <?-<2 hf tk` ?rj. Ps` Bfytkhfe Lut B Tbjji`> _oki`ss mv`r Gbrc Erbkbg wkm‘j kbjtk` lbiis tm must Ombok, 28 hf tk` ?rj.

Mtk`r r`suits> G`f‘s B‘s> Go@vmy mv`r @ggbfuì Chfe. Umg`f‘s B‘s> Thbt`c mv`r

Imrgb Lbu`r. L‘s> Go@vmy mv`r Mshtìu (armg jmwf <-2), bfj mv`r Ibszim C`v`s (armg jmwf<-4). O‘s> Ghc` G`fz`r hf tk` s`gh‘s hf 0 mv`r Bi`x Ibua`r, bfj hf tk` ahfbi, 2; hf tk` : tk, mv`r

\ml`rt Hrvhf wkm‘j ahfhsk tk` s`bsmf mf tk` tmp rufe ma Tr`shj`ft \ml`rt Ebt`s‘s HiihfmhsIbjj`r Zmurfbg`ft. @squhr`‘s> Arbfc Zkbrbijsmf mv`r Lhii Kmrfybc. _`fhmr‘s> Zkbrijsmf mv`r Boc`rgbf wkm‘j ìhghfbt`j _oki`ss hf 0.

Jbwmju bism wmf tk` Hiihfmhs Mp`f mv`r \hokbrj Gbzur`c3 tk` Hiihfmhs _prhfe Mp`f

mv`r Nhg Jbv`y3 tk` Ummjibfj Mp`f mv`r Jìi _w``rhs, wbs ruff`r-up tm Nmkf Zbff`khii bttk` Amrt J`brlmrf Mp`f. Bt tk` Ihfomif _tbt` Mp`f, N`rry Cbrluicb wbs l`st hf _hfei`s (mv`r Nufhmr whff`r Ghc` Q`hii`tt`) bfj hf Jmuli`s whtk _t`v` Hsbbosmf (mv`r I`mfbrj GoF`ò`/Jbv`y). Hf Umg`f‘s piby, Lbrl Zbsokf`r jà`bt`j Jbri`f` Arh`jgbf tm whf tk` Hiihfmhs _prhfe

Fhe`rhb‘s Ubhjh JbwmjuTkmtm ly Jbv` Ihfjquhst

Jbuekt`r/Gmtk`r omglm -

Lbrlbrb/Jmrmtky Zbsokf`rTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf

Fmrg _oki`ss -

obf piby whtk bfytkhfeTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



?00

Mp`f, tk` Amrt J`brlmrf Mp`f, bfj ibt`r tk` Uhfjy OhtyMp`f. Bt tk` Ummjibfj, J`l Amst`r wbs l`st hf Umg`f‘sbfj Nufhmr Ehris, wkhi` Ghc` Lbl`r wmf tk` P-25‘s bfj20‘s bfj T`rry _okwbrtzl`re tk` P-2?‘s. Amur Oibss B thti`shf tkhs oiust`r ma tmurfbg`fts w`ft tm Bibf Emijst`hf3 Nm`

Lunbisch, whf mr ims`, wbs bism b s`v`rbi-thg` ahfbihst‚hf_`fhmr‘s bfjOibss L/O piby.

Bt tk`<2st Omiuglus,Mkhm Ghjw`sttmurfbg`ft,

Gbry BffLurjhoc mutjhjNmkf Zbff`khii,whffhfe : v`fts tm khs ?. Gbry Bff wmf tk`

Umg`f‘s rmufj rmlhf mv`r ruff`r-up Bff` Ahskbfj Cbtky J`g`ft3 tk` Ehris 25 mv`r Cbtky3 tk`

Umg`f‘s Jmuli`s whtk Cbtky3 bfj tk` Ghx`j whtkZbff`khii. \uff`r-up hf tk` G`f‘s _hfei`s tm Nmkfwbs Jbffy _``ghii`r wkm‘j must`j Erbkbg E`br bfj Zhg M‘Ermscy, bat`r Zhg kbj l``f jmwf <-2tm Jhoc Khocs. Zbff`khii bism wmf tk` Oibss BBmv`r Lhii _kbrp`, tkmuek Nmkf wbs `brih`r amro`j

hftm tk` 0tk whtk I`sf`r. Hf G`f‘s Jmuli`s, Zbff`khii/Lhii Kmje` ghekt kbv` wmf hf strbhektebg`s lut w`r` l`bt`f hf 0 ly I`sf`r/_gbrt wkm jà`bt`j _``ghii`r/Nm` \mcmp hf tk` ahfbi.L‘s w`ft tm f`wiy ìòt`j Mkhm ZZB Tr`shj`ft Nmkf _p`fo`r mv`r \mcmp hf 0. @squhr`‘s tm

Lhii \bpp mv`r @j Lbomf. _`fhmr‘s tm \bpp mv`r E`mre` \moc`r. Lmys 25> _``ghii`r mv`r \mcmp. Lmys 20> Lbl`r mv`r \hoc _``ghii`r.

Kuek Lbll r`pmrts (ZZZ , Nuiy-Bue., 285<, <2) tkbt Chfespmrt, Z`ff`ss``‘s Qmiuft``r

Mp`f, kìj Gby 2?-2: bt tk` Ohvho Bujhtmrhug, maa`r`j prhz` gmf`y amr tk` ahrst thg`‚mv`r $?44 wmrtk. Hf Okbgphmfskhp _hfei`s, bat`r s`ghahfbi rmufj rmlhf piby, Oiby Ukhtìbw wbs tk`$244 whff`r‚mv`r Kbfs Jh`ti hf tk` s`gh‘s, bfj Jmf Ebhtk`r hf tk` ahfbi. Jmwf <-2, Ebhtk`r mp`f`j tk` :tk ly ’sgmchfe‗ hf amur lbockbfjs, mfiy tm l` quhociy sulju`j ly Ukhtìbw‘sabluimus piby….Pp 2;-5, Oiby ’chii`j b chii bfj i`t mut b wkmmp ma nmy‗‚boomgpbfh`j ly bf’H obf‘t ghss!‗

Hf khs s`gh‘s, Jmf kbj b whf mv`r Nmkf Zbff`khii. Bfj nust kmw jhj tkbt kbpp`f=Zurfs mut Nmkf bfj Lhii Kmje` jhjf‘t skmw mf thg` amr tk`hr _ufjby gmrfhfe jmuli`s s`gh

bfj w`r` jàbuit`j. Zk`f, a`ìhfe tk`y w`r` ’wrmfe`j,‗ tk`y iàt‚g`bfhfe tkbt Nmkf f`v`r jhj piby khs rmufj rmlhf gbtok`s. Jmuli`s whff`rs w`r` Kmu-Ghf Okbfe/Ebhtk`r mv`r Kmg`r Lrmwf/Jh`ti, bism ly jàbuit. Lbll sbhj k` jhjf‘t wbft tm em hftm j`tbhis, lut k` tkmuektZmurfbg`ft Okbhr Ghoc`y Er``r wbs omurbe`mus bfj omrròt hf khs obiis.

Mtk`r whff`rs> Umg`f‘s> 2. L`tsy Lrbji`y. <. N`bf Tmstmf. ?. Obrmi Ommc (28, lut pibyhfe mfiy b a`w gmftks). Ghx`j Jmuli s> Okbfe bfj wha` Bff` mv`r Nmkf Ukht`/Ommc hf0. _`fhmr‘s> _mi I`whs mv`r Ukht`, <0-<? hf tk` 0 tk. Lbll sbhj tkbt _mi ’j`so`fj`j mf us armgmut ma tk` liu`…ai`w jmwf armg Qhrehfhb L`bok hf khs mwf pibf`, wkhpp`j mut khs bfth-

J`l Amst`r, Ummjibfj Uhff`rTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf

Gbry Bff Lurjhoc - wmf amur `v`fts



?01

tmpsphf,‗ bfj smbr`j lboc kmg` bebhf b whff`r. Kuek bism sbhj tkbt ’tk` r`quhr`g`ft ma l`hfeb auii P_ZZB g`gl`r‗ boomuft`j amr i`ss tkbf `xpòt`j imobi `ftrh`s. _m, r`bihzhfe tkbt tk` $0g`gl`rskhp a`` pius `ftry a``s gbj` pibyhfe omsts ’b lht st``p ha ymu w`r`f‘t r`bi s`rhmus,‗Kuek tkmuekt tkbt p`rkbps tk` P_ZZB skmuij omfshj`r r`hfstbthfe tk` Tibyhfe T`rght. (Kuekwmf‘t ihc` ht tkbt tk` G`gl`rskhp a`` hs emhfe up tm $24, lut k` whii pr`sugbliy bpprmv` ma

tk` $< Bjuit/$2 Nufhmr Tibyhfe T`rght.)Juc` _tmef`r sbys tkbt bt khs Brcbfsbs \bzmrlboc Mp`f,wk`f ’mur trmpky suppih`r abhi`j tm rò`hv` tk` tbli` t`ffhs aheur`s hfthg` amr mur tmurfbg`ft k` jòhj`j ht wmuij l` bpprmprhbt` tm us` tk`‛\bzmrlboc The‘ bs b aheur`.‗ B er`bt hj`b, sbhj gbfy ma tk` piby`rs‚b phe mf b trmpky, smg`tkhfe jhaa`r`ft, smg`tkhfe tm skmw `v`rymf . Htwbsf‘t emmj, tkmuek, tkbt tk` bhr-omfjhthmfhfe wbsf‘t wmrchfe amr b

wkhi`. B a`w piby`rs ’w`r` e`tthfe shoc‗ armg tk` k`bt‚_hj Gbyfbrjarmg Z`xbs kbj tm em lboc tm khs kmtì. ’_`v`rbi mtk`r piby`rsomuijf‘t `v`f stbfj up lòbus` ma tk` boouguibthmf ma gmhstur` mftk` pibyhfe aimmr.‗ Nust mf` ma tkms` jbys wk`f `v`rytkhfe w`ft

wrmfe. _tr`fetk`f`j ly khs ’whfj-k`r-up-bfj-i`t-k`r-em‗ immps, Jmf

L`rry, smmf tm r`turf tm @feibfj, wbs tk` G`f‘s $04 prhz` whff`r‚ mv`r 2:-y`br-mij Mcibkmgb Okbgp _t`v` Kbggmfj ($<0), wkm‘j`brih`r emf` 0 whtk Tbui I`Libfo. Jmf Ebhtk`r wbs ?rj ($20)3 J`ffhsOrbwamrj, ’gurj`r mf lbrrh`rs,‗ :tk ($24). Lhee`st ups`t= \uss Ahfi`y mv`r Oòhi Cmst. Tèey_kbkb (0-4) wmf tk` rmufj rmlhf Umg`f‘s. _khri`y Umm wbs <fj3 Fmrgb I`Libfo ?rj. G`f‘sJmuli`s w`ft tm L`rry/Cmst mv`r Kbggmfj/Orbwamrj3 Ghx`j tm Cmst/Umm mv`r L`rry/

I`Libfo.\by Ahiz r`pmrts (ZZZ , Nuiy-Bue., 285<, <:) tkbt, bt

tk`hr ghj-Gby Oibssho, Btibftb mrebfhz`rs kbj tk`hr ’ahrst

obsk bwbrj omgp`ththmf, whtk b tmtbi ma $?:4 l`hfe ehv`fbwby.‗ Zk` Okbgphmfskhp _hfei`s prmjuo`j bf bii-Aimrhjbahfbi> ’285< Fbthmfbi L _hfei`s whff`r‗ \hokbrj GoBa``

($244) jà`bt`j khs ’aìimw Mribfjm prbotho` pbrtf`r‗ _t`v`\hem ($50) amr tk` thti`. Gbo, wkm‘s fmw wmf tkr`` strbhektBtibftb tmurfbg`fts, w`ft 0 whtk _t`v`, lut wbs bigmstìhghfbt`j `brih`r wk`f \bipk Chssì kbj khg jmuli`-gbtok-pmhft jmwf hf tk` 0tk. \hem kbj imst, ?-4, tm OibyUkhtìbw bt tk` Chfestmf tmurfbg`ft, lut emt r`v`fe`

k`r`, rbiiyhfe armg <-2 jmwf. _`ghahfbihst Jmf Ebhtk`r ($04) wmf Zkhrj Tibo` mv`r Ukhtìbw ($<0) whtk b omhf aihp

wk`f lmtk w`r` `be`r tm i`bv` amr kmg`. Hf tk` Jmuli`@ihghfbthmf Umg`f‘s `v`ft, L`tsy Lrbji`y bfj k`r twm-shj`j pibhf wmmj`f rboc`t ups`t L`v K`ss hf tk`hr hfhthbigbtok, lut tk`f L`v obg` lboc tm jà`bt L`tsy twho` bfj

whf tk` $<0 2st Trhz`.Mtk`r r`suits> Okbgphmfskhp Jmuli`s> Ebhtk`r/N`rry

Zkrbsk`r mv`r GoBa``/\hem, 28 hf tk` 0tk hf tk` s`gh‘s, bfjmv`r Ukhtìbw/Lhii @jwbrjs, 28 hf tk` : tk hf tk` ahfbi.

Juc` _tmef`r> b phe mf b

trmpky= Uky fmt=

Btibftb Oibssho Okbgphmf

\hokbrj GoBa``Tkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



?05

Ghx`j Jmuli`s> GoBa``/L`v K`ss mv`r Erè Ehfemij/Zk`r`sb Ghii`r. Oibss B> T`t` Gby($?4) mv`r Lml Ubic`r wkm‘j stmpp`j Ehfemij hf 0. Oibss B Jmuli`s> Obri Emij`f/NhgBit`flbok mv`r K`ss/Ubyf` Jbuft. Oibss L> \bfjy K`ss ($<0) mv`r Nhg Zkmgpsmf nustr`turfhfe fmw armg b twm-y`br sthft hf tk` Brgy. _`fhmr‘s> Lml Ubic`r ($24) mv`r OyrhiI`j`rgbf. Nufhmr‘s> @jwbrjs, ’obig bfj ommi,‗ sbys r`pmrt`r Ahiz, `v`f whtk ’kbhr hf khs `y`s,‗

mv`r Motbvhm Thffìi hf 0 hf tk` s`gh‘s bfj mv`r Jbuft tkr``-zhp hf tk` ahfbi. Ahiz sbhj k` bfj khsarh`fjs wbft`j tm ’skmv` tkr`` jmz`f Kbffms jmwf `v`ry spmrtswrht`r‘s tkrmbt,‗ wk`f, bat`r tk`y‘j prmvhj`j bf Btibftb pbp`r whtk 20 ghfut`s wmrtk ma r`suits bfj hfamrgbthmf, tk`y emtmfiy bf hfok bfj b kbia omv`rbe`.

Zk` Lbtmf \mue` Oiul kìj hts bffubi Ohty Oims`j whtk ?1 g`f vyhfe amr tk` twmOkbgphmfskhps. _hfei`s w`ft tm Ibrry Ahsk`r, ’bf `xtr`gìy st`bjy bfj abst piby`r,‗ mv`r Kuek Lbxi`y, 2852 Fbthmfbi Oibss O Okbgphmf.

\bfjy K`ss tìis us tkbt ’K‗ Lrmwf, bat`r 24 y`brs ma s`rvho` tm tk` Mribfjm Oiul,r`shef`j bs Tr`shj`ft, ohthfe ’bjjhthmfbi nml r`spmfshlhihth`s whtk Gbrthf-Gbrh`ttb bfj tk`j`shr` amr b r`st.‗ ’K‗ ’mrebfhz`j tk` ahrst SP_ZZBW baahihbt`j Oiul hf Aimrhjb bfj kìjAimrhjb‘s ahrst SP_ZZBW sbfothmf`j tmurfbg`ft. Zk` f`w Tr`shj`ft ma tk` Mribfjm Oiul hs

\hokbrj GoBa`` wkm‘s suppmrt`j ly 2st

Q-T \by G`reihbfm, <fj

Q-T \bfjy K`ss, _òr`tbryMieb _mit`sz, bfj Zr`bsur`r _t`v` \hem.

Hf khs wrht`-up ma tk` <fj Bffubi Mribfjm _prhfe Mp`f (tk` Mribfjm Oiul‘s ’?<fj

sbfothmf`j tmurfbg`ft‗) \bfjy jhjf‘t kbv` tm pmhft mut tkbt Oiul maahohbis bfj trmpky whff`rsw`r` mf` bfj tk` sbg`. Hf Okbgphmfskhp _hfei`s, hf tk` mf` s`gh, \hem, bat`r abiihfe twmebg`s l`khfj, rbiih`j tm trhugpk mv`r GoBa`` <?-<2 hf tk` 0tk. Hf tk` mtk`r, G`reihbfm‘s immp/sgbsk spmfe` piby wbs tmm guok amr kbrj rull`r okmpp`r/phoc khtt`r Gbrv Iàa wkm, ihc` \by,wbs b amrg`r Aimrhjb Oims`j Okbgphmf. Zk` ahfbi prmv`j tm l` fm omft`st bs \by libst`j

tkrmuek _t`v`.Umg`f‘s whff`r _mit`sz wbs tkmuekt tm l` 0 pmhfts l`tt`r shfo` k`r trhps tm Nbpbf bfj

Okhfb. \uff`r-up L`v K`ss jmwf`j ’bttrbothv`, p`tht` Obrmf Iàa, pibyhfe bebhf bat`r bf

bls`fo` ma amur y`brs‗‚lut L`v jhjf‘t cfmoc Obrmf mut ihc` tk` kmsphtbi sk` nust emt mut ma jhj. Ukhi` tk`r` sk`‘j ’omftrbot`j G`shf jhs`bs`‗‚’wbs amufj tm l` khekiy bii`reho tm b jruesk` wbs tbchfe amr lrmfokhths.‗

\bfjy gbj` guok ma b L Jmuli`s pbhr‚5:-y`br-mij Zmg Uhsgbf bfj 52-y`br-mij Tbui Nbocsmf.Zmg wbs lmrf hf Bgst`rjbg, Kmiibfj, gmv`j tm Obfbjbwk`f k` wbs ?4 mr sm, bfj fmw sp`fjs kbia b y`br hfZmrmftm, kbia b y`br hf Jìtmfb, Aimrhjb. Bf bgbtùr wr`sti`r, k`, bt ?5, ’wr`sti`j Arbfc Kbrt wkm w`ft mf tm

whf tk` Umrij prma`sshmfbi thti`.‗ Zmg wbs tk` P._.@squhr` Okbgphmf hf 281? bfj ‘1:, bfj khs jbuekt`r,

Jhbf`, wmf tk` 2805 OF@ Umg`f‘s Mp`f. Tbui, armgImebfspmrt, Hfjhbfb, gmv`j tm \kmj` Hsibfj wk`f k`wbs hf khs `briy amrth`s, bfj bat`r UU HH piby`j hf bigmst`v`ry shfei` Fbthmfbi‘s, whffhfe tk` Mv`r 04‘s hf 2804. B

a`w y`brs bat`r r`thrhfe armg tk` st`ì `quhpg`ft lushf`sshf 280; k` gmv`j tm Aimrhjb.

Bt tk` auf Tiby`rs Tbrty, `hekt-y`br-mij \mffh`\hem bfj I`sih` _mit`sz ’gbj` tk` jrbwhfes amr tk` twm

\mf \hem> lulli` eug lbiis=Tkmtm ly Erè Obrp`ft`r



?0;

Ubit Jhsf`y Umrij thoc`t lmmcs.‗ Ukbt! Zk` whff`rs, Nboc _p`hr bfj Tbt Tbtt`rsmf, w`r` pibyhfe ok`ss tme`tk`r wk`f tk`hr fbg`s w`r` obii`j. _mrry tm hft`rrupt, omg` oì`lrbt . Ukyfmt= Ha `v`r tk`y w`r` kbppy whtk b jrbw, tkhs kbj tm l` ht.

Zk` Gbryibfj/Ubskhfetmf. J.O. Oims`j, kìj G`gmrhbi Jby w``c`fj bt \hv`rjbi`,GJ‘s Tbrcjbi` _`fhmr Khek, lrmuekt mut 2?4 `ftrh`s, gmr` tkbf amr tk` @bst`rf‘s. Zmurfbg`ft

Omgghtt`` Okbhr Lml Cbghfscy (ZZZ , Nuiy-Bue., 285<, <1) sbhj tk` F`w Obrrmiitmf Oiulspmfsmrs aìt tkbt armg tkhs ibre` `ftry tk` _pmrt wbs mf tk` rhs`, bfj tk`y w`r` bism`fomurbe`j ly tk` g`jhb r`spmfs`. Zkmuek mfiy ?4 pbhj spòtbtmrs skmw`j, `v`f k`r` Kmp` pr`vbhi`j. Cbghfscy immc`j amr pmsshli` r`bsmfs wky tk` mutshj` btt`fjbfo` wbs imw>

’Ahrst ma bii, ht wbs b wbrg G`gmrhbi w``c`fj bfj gbfy p`mpi` ghekt kbv` l``f mut ma tmwf mr swhgghfe3 f`xt, w` kbj tm omgp`t` whtk tk` Zrbfspm @xpmshthmf

wkhok jr`w kufjr`js ma tkmusbfjs ma p`mpi` tkbt jby3 tkhrj, w` kbj fm lhe fbg`s3bfj, ahfbiiy, mur bjv`rthshfe wbs hfsuaahoh`ft‚w` kbj fm pmst`rs mr ZQ.‗

Zk` F`w Obrrmiitmf Gbymr wbs suppms`j tm pr`s`ft tk` trmpkh`s, lut k` emt khs jbt`s

ghx`j up, bfj b imobi pkmtmerbpk`r wkm‘j omg` twho` tkbt `v`fhfe tm tbc` tk` Kmfmrbli`‘s photur` whtk tk` whff`rs f`v`r jhj e`t tk` skmt. Zk`r w`r` whff`rs tkmuek>

G`f‘s> Gbrc \bjmg mv`r I`g Cuusc. Gbrc‘s tmuek`st gbtok wbs whtk Obri Crmfibe`3 I`g‘swhtk K`rl Kmrtmf. Umg`f‘s> Lbrlbrb Cbghfscy mv`r [ubf A`reusmf. G`f‘s Jmuli`s>\bjmg/Ibrry Amic mv`r Cbghfscy/T`t`r J`g`. Ghx`j Jmuli`s> \bjmg/Cbghfscy mv`r Obri/Xvmff` Crmfibe`.

G`f‘s Oibss B> J`g` mv`r Jhoc _tbc`s hf 0. Umg`f‘s Oibss B> Crmfibe` mv`r Jmffb F`wìi. Oibss L (05 `ftrh`s)> \by Ok`f mv`r Jbvhj Kmje`s.

_`fhmr‘s> Kmrtmf mv`r Zhlmr Kbzh wkm‘j wmf b thekt <?-<2-hf-tk`-0tk G`f‘s gbtok armg Cbghfscy. Lmys Pfj`r 25> Lrybf Ju`(armg jmwf <-4) mv`r N`rry _okfhoc. Pfj`r 25 Jmuli`s> Ibwimr/

Lml Kbrrhs mv`r Ju`/Lml Arh`s. Pfj`r 20‘s> Tbt Ibwimr mv`r Ju`. Pfj`r 2?‘s> Bibf @v`fsmf mv`r _kìih` Ebhfslure. Pfj`r 22‘s> Curt Crmfibe` mv`r Lml _ussgbf.

Xvmff` Crmfibe`wmuij l` fbg`j ’Umgbfma tk` Gmftk‗ hf tk` Nuiy-Bue., 285< Zmphos. _k` bfjk`r kuslbfj Obri, g`gl`rsma tk` P_ZZB amr 20 y`brs,

kbv` b smf Ourt, whff`r ma tk` P-22‘s hf tkbt G`gmrhbi

Jby Oims`j, bfj b jbuekt`r Xv`tt`. Xvmff`, wkm hf tkìbst 24 y`brs kbs mp`f`jamur suoo`ssaui t.t. oiuls hf

sulurlbf Gbryibfj, bfj hsourr`ftiy tk` Tr`shj`ft ma tk` F`w Obrrmiitmf Oiul,kbs nust l``f fbg`j tk`

Xvmff` omferbtu-

ibt`s smf Ourt mf

whffhfe tk`

OkbgphmfskhpTkmtms ly Gbi

Bfj`rsmf



?08

f`w P_ZZB Umg`f‘s Okbhr. Hfbjjhthmf tm urehfe tkbt tmurfbg`ftmrebfhz`rs pby bs guok btt`fthmf tmstbehfe Umg`f‘s Gbtok`s bs G`f‘s,bfj tkbt tk` @jhtmr ma Zmphos ehv`

gmr` omv`rbe` tm wmg`f, Xvmff`wbs bism imllyhfe amr b wmgbf mftk` P_ZZB @xòuthv` Omgghtt``, b lblyshtthfe s`rvho` bt tmurfbg`fts,bfj imobi tmurfbg`ft abghih`s tm maa`r kmsphtbihty tm vhshthfe abghih`s.

Jmffb Okbhgsmf F`wìi

wmuij l` fbg`j ’Umgbf ma tk`Gmftk‗ amr tk` Fmv.-Jò., 285<Zmphos. Lboc hf omgp`ththmf bat`r b 1-y`br r`thr`g`ft, Jmffb, Lbrlbrb

Cbghfscy‘s shst`r, wbs rbfc`j P._.#< hf 281:, bfj kbs twho` l``f fbg`j GQT bt tk` P._. Mp`f Z`bg Okbgphmfskhps. Gbrrh`j

whtk twm jbuekt`rs, 0-y`br-mij Ghokìi` bfj 2-y`br-mij N`ffha`r, sk` ihv`s hf F`w Obrrmiitmfbfj wmrcs bs b _up`rvhsmr amr b tì`pkmf` omgpbfy. _k`‘s ’pi`bs`j tkbt gmf`y hs omghfe hftmtk` ebg` bfj kmp`s tkbt tbli` t`ffhs whii l` tì`vhs`j gmr`.‗

Bt tk` Bpr. Jìbwbr` Oims`j, kìj bt tk` Brj`f XUOB, tk` F`wbrc Oiul‘s Jhoc Mrebfhst jà`bt`j Jà`fjhfe G`f‘s bfj _`fhmr Okbgphmf C`f Ummjs tm tbc` lmtk thti`s. UbitEuy`r/Nmì \`hsgbf (bat`r tk`y‘j l``f jmwf <-4) wmf tk` G`f‘s Jmuli`s armg _`fhmr

Jmuli`s Okbgps Mrebfhst/Ummjs. Zk` B‘s w`ft tm Bi Bii`f3 ruff`r-up wbs Ubcm Xmcmybgb,tk` L whff`r mv`r Ghc` Kbgg`r. @squhr`‘s> Kbgg`r hf 0 mv`r ’amrg`r _tbt` thti`kmij`r‗ NhgJhc`. Nufhmr‘s> Nmkf Zrbyfmr mv`r C`vhf Ehi`s. _trbfe` tkbt b tmurfbg`ft kìj bt tk` XUOB

kbj fm wmg`f piby`rs‚tk` gmr` strbfe` lòbus` bt mf` sokmmi 21 ehris skmw`j hft`r`st hf pibyhfe hf b khek sokmmi i`beu`.

Bt tk` Tkhibjìpkhb Oiul‘s L`f Arbfcihf Mp`f (2?4 `ftrh`s), K`rl Qhokfhf pmhfts mut

(ZZZ , Nuiy-Bue., 285<, <8) tk` gpkbshs l`hfe ehv`f tm hgprmvhfe ’bv`rbe` bfj w`bc`r piby`rs‗ ly j`vìmphfe Oibss L, O, bfj J v`fts. Bfj ha tk` ibre` `ftrh`s hf tk`s` v`fts pr`v`ft tk` Oiul armg jmhfe wkbt K`rl sbys ht wmuij ihc` tm jm‚kbv` ’rmufj rmlhf `v`fts amr tk` nufhmrs, s`fhmrs, bfj wmg`f‗‚k`y, tk` ibre` `ftrh`s amr tk` Oibss `v`fts (K`rl sbys hf tkàutur` tk`y ghekt `v`f kmij b Oibss @ `v`ft) skmuij o`rtbhfiy kìp tk` Oiul prmsp`r.

G`f‘s w`ft tm _bg Kbggmfj, -2?, -2;, 20, 8, 20, mv`r ruff`r-up Ihg Ghfe Okuh wkm, bs

K`rl sbys, kbjf‘t imst b ebg` ufthi k` jrmpp`j tkms` ibst tkr``. Lboc hf tk` qubrt`r‘s, _bg kbj nust`c`j mut b jùo`-hf-tk`-0tk whf mv`r T`t`r _t`pk`fs wkm‘j bjvbfo`j wk`f tk` s``j`j @rrmi \`s`c

kurt khs kbfj. Hf khs 0-ebg` s`gh‘s whtk Ghtok _`bithì, _bg, tkmuek k` ’immc`j ihc` k` wbs ammihfebrmufj,‗ omfthfu`j tm ahfj tk` k`bt ’ufl`brbli`,‗ wmrs` tkbf hf khs fbthv` Ekbfb. Or`jht khg tk`fwhtk ’jmwfhfe sbit phiis bfj Ebtmrbj` tkrmuek gmst ma tk` jby.‗ K`rl sbys tkbt _bg, wkm‘s l``f hftk` ahfbis ma tkr`` Tkhiiy tmurfbg`fts bfj kbs wmf twm ma tk`g, i`bjs hf tk` Hfvhtbthmfbi s`rh`s

wkhok amr tkms` ihehli` whii oihgbx hf b pmt ma prhz` gmf`y. N`rry Ai`hsokkboc`r, hf 5tk pibo`, somr`jquht` bf ups`t hf tk` G`f‘s> wk`f k` l`bt Nhg Jhxmf, ’`v`rylmjy w`ft orbzy.‗

Zhggy Kmus`, th`j amr 24tk, bigmst, 28, -<2, -28, ups`t Lhii _kbrp` (k` imst tkbt <fj

ebg` mf bf `je` lbii). Zhggy‘s ’iàt-kbfj`j immps‗ omuft`rbot`j Lhii‘s ’iàt-kbfj bttboc.‗

Jmffb Okbhgsmf F`wìi, Fmv.-Jò. Umgbf ma tk` GmftkTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



?14

_`gh‘s piby hf tk` 24-`ftry Umg`f‘s (j`p`fjhfe mf tk` `ftrh`s gbyl` b obsk prhz` mr twm f`xt thg`), sbw Tbt Khij`lrbfj 28, <2, <? stullmrfiy stmp Khibry Omk`f, bfj Gurhì _t`rf pr`vbhi mv`r [ubf A`reusmf hf 0. Tbt tk`f wmf tk` ahfbi, ?-4. Gbreu`rht` Lurf`tt tmmc tk` B‘sarmg Omk`f. Hf G`f‘s Jmuli`s, Qhokfhf/Nmkffy Mu kbj b fho` whf mv`r tk` tmp \mok`st`r t`bg ma Jhxmf/@ghi` _kmrt, tk`f tmmc _`bithì/Jbv` Tkhihp tm 0. Ghtok bfj Jbv` w`ft mf tm

whf tk` v`ft, jmwfhfe Kbggmfj bfj Bi`x _khrmcy, 28 hf tk` 0

tk

, hf tk` s`gh‘s, bfj E`mre`Lrbtkwbht`/_t`pk`fs hf : hf tk` ahfbi. Ghx`j whff`rs w`r` Okuh/_t`rf mv`r Lrbtkwbht`/Khij`lrbfj, 28 hf tk` 0tk.

Mtk`r r`suits> B‘s> _tbf _gmibfmwhoz (wkm‘j l``fjmwf 2-4 bfj bt jùo` hf tk` <fj whtk Kmus`) us`j khs’st`bjy libsthfe amr`kbfj‗ tm mv`rpmw`r okmpp`r GbrtyZk`hi. B Jmuli`s> _t`pk`fs/_kmrt mv`r Ai`hsokkboc`r/Kmrbo`

\ml`rts, 28 hf tk` 0tk, hf tk` s`gh‘s, bfj mv`r Qhokfhf/_kbrp`,<4, <4, -28, 28 hf tk` ahfbi. L‘s (14 `ftrh`s)> T`t`r Kmij`r (’rò`ft brrhvbi armg tk` Hsibfjs‗ bfj b g`gl`r ma tk` Pfht`j Fbthmfs Z bg) mv`r Kmus` wkm‘j must`j Ai`hsokkboc`r, <4, -

2;, <4, 25. O‘s (14 `ftrh`s)> Kbfc GoOmuiiug (k` ’gmv`jarmg Tkhiiy tm _tbt` Omiiè`, Tb. rhekt bat`r tk` tmurfbg`ft‗)

mv`r 21-y`br-mij _bg Uhfsimw ’wkm‘s l``f pibyhfe s`rhmusiyamr blmut shx gmftks.‗.

Mf bf bjnbo`ft Zmphos pbe`, Qhokfhf bism omv`r`j tk`T`ffsyivbfhbOims`j. Lhii_kbrp`, :4,

wbs tk`G`f‘swhff`r‚

omgpibhfhfetkbt, rmufj ly rmufj, ’k`

kbj tm piby bii tk` tmp nufhmrs‗…Nm`y _ok`fm,Lhii ^bt`c, Nmskub ’Nm`‗ \mcmp, bfj hf tkàhfbi Jbffy _``ghii`r. K`rl sbhj Lhii l`btJbffy, 28, -28, <4, 25, ’bt khs mwf ebg`‚ mut-limochfe khg!‗ @brih`r, Jà`fjhfe Okbgp_``ghii`r kbj l``f stbrti`j tm ahfj khgsìa 2-4

bfj 2:-5 jmwf tm Qhokfhf. K`rl jhjf‘t whftkbt mf`, lut, pbhr`j whtk _tbfi`y

_gmibfmwhoz, k` jhj somr` b lhe ups`t hf tk`s`gh‘s ma tk` G`f‘s Jmuli`s wk`f hf tk` `fj-ebg` 0tk _tbfi`y ahfhsk`j maa _``ghii`r/\mcmpwhtk twm orusk`rs. Lut kbvhfe emtt`f tm tk`

ahfbi, tk`y omuijf‘t l`bt _kbrp`/Zk`hi wkm wmf tk`hr 1tk omfsòuthv` Oims`j Jmuli`s thti`.Ghx`j w`ft tm _gmibfmwhoz/J`llh` Umfe mv`r Qho bfj wha` Gbrhiyf.

B‘s> _gmibfmwhoz mv`r Qhokfhf wkm‘j emtt`f ly \moc`r ’hf b <;-ghfut` <-ebg`gbtok, <0, <;.‗ Hf whffhfe tk` ahfbi mv`r Qho, 28 hf tk` : tk, _tbfi`y obg` lboc armg 28-22

T`t`r Kmij`r

ma tk` Pfht`j Fbthmfs Z`bgTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf

Gbrhiyf, Ghokìi` bfj K`rl QhokfhfTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



?12

jmwf hf tkbt oimshfe ebg` ’tm whf 24 strbhekt pmhfts mf 24 ma tk` gmst bgbzhfe amr`kbfjsgbsk`s ymu‘v` `v`r s``f.‗ L‘s> Gbrty Zk`hi mv`r Lruo` Timtfhoc. (Hf tk` G`f‘s, Gbrty bfjkhs Kmoc lbt okmpp`j jmwf Jbv` Ebschii, <-thg` _tbt` Okbgphmf.) O‘s> _ok`fm mv`r Cbri_zbcbos. @squhr`‘s> \moc`r mv`r Cb`rok`r. _`fhmr‘s> \moc`r mv`r Lhii Zrugp. _`fhmr Jmuli`s>@squhr`/_`fhmr whff`r \moc`r/\mlhfsmf mv`r Cb`rok`r/Jbv` Jhocsmf. Lmys Pfj`r 20‘s>

Timtfhoc hf b tkrhii`r mv`r Jbffy _``ghii`r‘s lrmtk`r \hocy, <0-<? hf tk` 0

tk

. Lmys P-2?‘s>Timtfhoc mv`r Lhii _kbrp`, Nr. Ehris Pfj`r 20‘s> Cbtky Cb`rok`r mv`r J`llh` Umfe. EhrisPfj`r 2?‘s> Umfe mv`r L`tk Qbf ^bfjt.

Zk`r` wbsf‘t bfy Umg`f‘s mr Ehris P-25 piby lòbus`, Qho sbhj, bshj` armg TbtKhij`lrbfj, tk`r` w`r`f‘t bfy Umg`f, ymufe mr mij, pibyhfe hf T`ffsyivbfhb tmurfbg`fts.Ukhok hs surìy smg`tkhfe amr Umg`f‘s Okbhr Xvmff` Crmfibe` tm immc hftm, y`s= Tbt,kmw`v`r, gby fmt kbv` l``f bt Qhokfhf‘s Oiul, lut sk` wbsf‘t hji`. Bs Nbhrh` \`s`c tìis us hf

mf` ma k`r pmpuibr ’Nbhrh` _bys> Ht‘s Ukbt‘s Kbpp`fhfe‗ emsshp omiugfs, ’Khij`lrbfj kìj boihfho tkhs sugg`r amr amurt``f ufj`rprhvhi e`j okhijr`f. Zkhrt``f ehris bfj mf` lmy! H tkhfc Umg`f‘s Ihl emt tm tk` ymutk ma Tkhiiy!‗ _pmfsmr ma tkhs oihfho wbs Tbt‘s tì`pkmf` `gpimy`r,bfj, bs bf bjj`j a`btur`, ’Lbrlbrb Cbghfscy obg` mv`r armg Gbryibfj tm ehv` bf xkhlhthmf

whtk Tbt.‗Hf omv`rhfe tk` F`w N`rs`y Mp`f, \by GoJmwìi stbrts us maa (ZZZ , Nuiy-Bue., 285<,

<5) whtk tbic ma ups`ts. Hf tk` 2st rmufj ma tk` G`f‘s, E`mre` Lrbtkwbht` em`s jmwf tm _tbf_gmibfmwhoz hf 0 bs _tbf ’jrhv`s Lrbtkwbht lboc armg tk` tbli` pmhft bat`r pmhft bfj bfei`skhs kbrj amr`kbfjs rhekt pbst E`mre` amr whff`rs.‗ F`xt, Bi`x _khrmcy, up <-4 bebhfstAubrfbjm \ml`rts, kmijs mf tm whf hf 0, sm \mllh` hs mut.

Zk`f k`r`‘s \mry Lrbsshfetmf, ’bjà`fshv` piby`r wkm hs r`biiy er`bt tm wbtok,‗

sbys \by, lòbus` k` ’e`ts tm sm gbfy skmtstkbt s``g ihc` whff`rs bfj jhseuhs`s khs okmp smwìi.‗ K` l`bts _bg Kbggmfj hf strbhekt

ebg`s. F`xt up amr \mry> @rrmi \`s`c. Hftm tk`0tk tk`y em, ’bfj ht‘s oims` bii tk` wby‚@rrmighss`s sm gbfy khek ‛fmtkhfe‘ lbiis, k` obf‘t

lìh`v` ht….Bt <4-bii, \`s`c khts hf b amr`kbfjtkbt jrbws b tmm imuj ‛Emmj!‘ armg @rrmi‘swha`, Nbhrh`.‗ Lrbsshfetmf, kmw`v`r, ’kbs emtt`ftm tk` lbii bt tk` sbg` thg` bfj hs jhstrbot`j lytk` ok``r. Khs r`turf ghss`s tk` tbli` bfj k`‘sjhseust`j. ‛H‘g smrry,‘ sbys Nbhrh`.‗ Uhii k`r

ghstbc` omst \mry khs okbfo` amr $244= Fm, lòbus` ’ht s``gs ihc` \`s`c hs gmr` ups`t tkbf

Lrbsshfetmf.‗ \mry tbc`s tk` f`xt tkr`` pmhftstm bjvbfo`‚bfj @rrmi lòmg`s tk` tkhrj P._. piby`r wkm‘s tmur`j whtk tk` vhshthfe Okhf`s` tmem jmwf. . G`bfwkhi`, _`bithì kbs r`bok`j tk`

ahfbi whtk whfs mv`r _gmibfmwhoz bfj _khrmcy. \by jm`sf‘t tkhfc Ghtok e`ts ’tk` ròmefhthmfk` j`s`rv`s,‗ bfj p`rkbps tkbt‘s tru`, amr k` l`bts Lrbsshfetmf hf : amr tk` $244 2 st Trhz`.

Mtk`r r`suits> G`f‘s Jmuli`s> _`bithì/Tkhihp mv`r Lrbtkwbht`/\`s`c. Umg`f‘s> Gurhì_t`rf mv`r Cbr`f (Zmfh) Ghii`r. Ghx`j Jmuli`s> Tkhihp/_t`rf mv`r _`bithì/Ghii`r. B‘s> _kbrp`

\mry Lrbsshfetmf> er`bt tm wbtokTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



?1<

mv`r Zkhì, tk`f hf tk` ahfbi mv`r _gmibfmwhoz, lmtk hf 0. BJmuli`s> _kbrp`/Zk`hi mv`r Qhokfhf/_gmibfmwhoz. L‘s>Kmrbo` \ml`rts mv`r Kuek Okhfe. Omfsmibthmf> _kbrp` mv`r Lrbtkwbht`. _`fhmr‘s> E`mre` \moc`r mv`r GbffyGmscmwhtz. Pfj`r 25> _omtt GoJmwìi mv`r Ghc` _t`rf,

jùo` hf tk` :

tk

. Pfj`r 20> GoJmwìi mv`r Kmwh` Cmrgbfwkm, sbhj \by, c`pt khs t`gp`r ufj`r omftrmi bfj smcfmoc`j mut fmt khgsìa lut _t`rf.

Zk` _yrbous`, F.X. ZZB, tkbfcstm Lhii GoEhgps`y (ZZZ , Nuiy-Bue.,285<, ?4), fmw fmt mfiy kbs bfHfjustrhbi I`beu` emhfe, lut tk` ibst

w``c`fj hf Bprhi kìj hts ahrst Mp`f.G`f‘s> J`r`c Ubii mv`r Nhg Jhxmfwkm‘j ihghfbt`j fmt mfiy @ghi` _kmrt,<4, -<2, 28, lut Zmrmftm Tkyshobi Ahtf`ss

Oiul hfstruotmr T`t`r Emfjb hf 0. G`f‘sJmuli`s> Ubii/Emfjb mv`r Jhxmf/_kmrt.

Umg`f‘s> Tè Jbiy mv`r Kìeh G`pkbgbfj Kì`f U`hf`r. Ghx`j Jmuli`s> _kmrt/Jbiy. B‘s> \hocy \ugli` mv`r F`bi Amx.L‘s> _t`v` Cbzbc mv`r Jbv` L`rbrj. O‘s>Omsgm Erbkbg mv`r Gbrc Zrbpfìi._`fhmr‘s> Nhg T`rry mv`r E`f` Umfj`rihf.

Nufhmr‘s> \ugli` mv`r Bfjy Bfvìt, 2; hf tk` ?rj.K`r`‘s b wmrj mr twm mf GoEhgps`y, b <;-y`br-mij

Hrhskgbf wkm `gherbt j tm Obfbjb hf 2810, tk`f tm tk` P._. hf

2818, bfj hs fmw b _bfhtbry @fehf``r hf _yrbous`>

’…SLhiiW wbs lmrf hf Fmrtk`rf Hrìbfj. Khs oiul

hf F`wtmwfbrjs F. Hrìbfj, obii`j Ei`famrj, wbs tk`tmp oiul hf tk` omuftry, sm k` quhociy lòbg` xpms`jtm tk` l`st omgp`ththmf.

Kmw`v`r, Lhii smmf amufj k` wbs l`tt`r bt t`bokhfe p`mpi` kmw tm piby tkbf pibyhfe khgsìa bfj sm lèbf s`rhmus ombokhfe. Ly 281: k` wbs ombokhfe Hrìbfj‘s tmp piby`rs. Bgmfe tk`g w`r` Nboc Obsk bfj Gbrebr`t Ahfi`y wkm lòbg` tk` Fbthmfbi

Nufhmr Okbgphmfs, bfj Oihaa Zkmgpsmf wkm whtkhf twm y`brs ma prmp`r ombokhfe lòbg` tk` Fbthmfbi G`f‘s Okbgphmf….‗

Zk` IHZZB rbf hts ahrst Nufhmr Mp`f Okbgphmfskhps _ufjby, Gby 2: bt tk` \mocvhiiÒ`ftr` \ò Luhijhfe. @briy fmtho` ma tk` tmurfbg`ft sbhj tkbt mf _bturjby, Gby 2? omts wmuij l` prmvhj`j lmtk upstbhrs bfj jmwfstbhrs amr chjs wkm wbft`j tm si``p mv`r. Zk`r` wbs tbic ma

’rmii`r scbthfe, b ebg` rmmg wk`r` ymu obf piby pmmi, wmrc whtk brts bfj orbats, s`` b nujm`xkhlhthmf, kbv` auf squbr` jbfohfe, wbtok ahigs ma P._. Zbli` Z`ffhs piby`rs hf Okhfb.‗ JbffyEbfz sbhj tkbt 04 chjs armg 0 stbt`s skmw`j, bfj tkbt khs wha` L`v`ri`` (ei`àuiiy= wìi, auiiy)a`j tk`g bii.

Kuek Okhfe

Lhii GoEhgps`y

_t`v` Cbzbc



?1?

Obri Jbff`r omv`r`j tk` Kufthfetmf, Imfe HsibfjJ`pt. ma \òr`bthmf bfj Tbrcs Zmurfbg`ft amr Zmphos ( Nuiy-Bue., 285<, ?4). Obri‘s jbj, Ar`j, tk` Zmurfbg`ft Jhròtmr,wbft`j tm lrhfe mut tk` ’lbs`g`ft‗ piby`rs, sm `ftry a``sw`r` c`pt tm b ghfhgug, bfj P_ZZB g`gl`rskhp wbs fmt

r`quhr`j. Ma tk` 220 `ftrbfts, 14 kbj ’f`v`r piby`j hf btmurfbg`ft làmr`.‗ G`f‘s> Jbf Er``f mv`r _hj Nbomls.G`f‘s Zmwfskhp _hfei`s> Er``f mv`r Ar`j Jbff`r.Umg`f‘s> Tè Jbiy mv`r Jbf‘s wha`, Z`rry Er``f. Umg`f‘sZmwfskhp _hfei`s> Er``f mv`r \utk \moc`. Jmuli`s> JbfEr``f/Euftk`r L`kfc` mv`r Ebry Uhttf`r bfj f`w IHZZBTr`shj`ft Okrhs _okimtt`rkbus`f. Omfsmibthmf> T`t`r Juff

mv`r Tbui Omk`f. Uk`ìokbhr> Zy Cbus mv`r Oihaa _`sshmfs.Pfj`r 25> Omsgm Erbkbg. Pfj`r 25 (Zmwfskhp)> Jbff`r mv`r Gbro Ibfjgbf. Pfj`r 20> Jbff`r mv`r Jbvhj\ul`fst`hf. Pfj`r 20 (Zmwfskhp)> Jbff`r mv`r Jbv`

Jurkbg.Ihg Ghfe Okuh wmf tk` F`w @feibfj Oims`j mv`r

_urbsbc bfj wbs ma omurs` rbfc`j #2 hf tk` br`b, wkhi`_urbsbc, amr r`bsmfs ufcfmwf tm g`, wbs #;. Arbfc Jwìiy, @j \bcy, Jbv` _bcbh, L`ffyKuii, bfj amrg`r F`w @feibfj Nufhmr Okbgp bfj fmw hts\bfchfe Okbhr, Lhii J`bf, amiimw`j hf tkbt mrj`r. LmlGmfbkbf hf khs brthoi` ’Bt Zk` Ubitkbg Oiul‗ (ZZZ ,_`pt.-Mot., 285<, 25) qumt`s Kuii bs sbyhfe, ’Lboc hf tk`

`briy ‛04‘s w` SArbfc Jwìiy bfj HW khr`j b kbii hfUbitkbg SGBW b omupi` ma fhekts b w``c, emt smg` tbli`sbfj w` kbj b pr`tty emmj-shz`j ermup pibyhfe rhekt bwby.‗

Fmw, <4 y`brs ibt`r, Kuii bfj Jwìiy kbv` bok wmf tk` F`w @feibfj Jmuli s Okbgphmfskhp 24 thg`s, bfj tk`hr 1-tbli` Ubitkbg Oiul kbs ’54 bothv` piby`rs.‗

Gmfbkbf qumt`s Kuii bs sbyhfe, ’Uk`f H wbs 2; Hkbj pmihm pr`tty lbj. F``j`j tk` lrbo`s bfjorutok`s tm e`t brmufj.Zk`f H stbrt`j tm piby tbli`t`ffhs. H stbrt`j mut ly kmijhfe mf tm tk` tbli` wkhi` pibyhfe, bfj

bat`r b wkhi` H stbrt`j tm e`t lbibfo`. Nust c`pt bt ht, imv`j ht, bfjfmw H e`t brmufj whtkmut bfy kìp…._ur` H sthii kbv` b sihekt

ihgp, lut H obf piby.‗ Hfj``j k` obf‚smg` fhekts thii ’< b.g. hftk` ybwfhfe.‗

Hf tk` Nuiy-Bue., 285< hssu` ma Zmphos, Okuh, tk` KmfeCmfe Khek _okmmi Okbgphmf làmr` `gherbthfe bt 25 tm tk`

P._., emt b a`w tkhfes maa khs ok`st, mr, kmpàuiiy, khs lboc. Hftk` tbli` t`ffhs wmrij, k` sbhj, k`‘j l``f b vhothg ma rbohsg.Uk`tk`r tkhs wbs tru` mr fmt, Ghfe o`rtbhfiy aìt tkbt k`‘j fmt l``f tr`bt j abhriy, pbrthouibriy ly smg` tmurfbg`ft jhr otmrs

Jbffy Er``fTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf

L`ffy Kuii

Ihg Ghfe Okuh> vhothg ma rbohsg=Tkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



?1:

(?4). Aìimw F`w @feibfj`r Lhii J`bf bism tkmuekt Okuh ghekt kbv` l``f tk` vhothg ma pr`nujho`, bfj wbs sur tkbt tk`r w`r` moobshmfs wk`f Ghfe ’i`t khgsìa l` jhsturl`j mr hrrhtbt`j bt b tmurfbg`ft‗ tm tk` pmhft wk`r` ht baaòt`j khs piby.

H gysìa ròbii b Imfe Hsibfj tmurfbg`ft wk`r` s`v`rbi ma us w`r` gbchfe tk` G`f‘sJrbw bfj jhjf‘t cfmw wkbt tm jm whtk tkhs f`w piby`r _urbsbc wkmg w` cf`w wbs emmj lut

wkm kbj Hfsuaahoh`ft Jbtb. U` kbj fm oi`br-out lbshs amr khs s``jhfe vhs-b- vhs bfmtk`r omupi`ma piby`rs. _m w` rbthmfbihz j…bfj put khg hf tk` qubrt`r‘s ebhfst J-N I``. L`hfe ymufe bfjf`w tm tk` so`f` k` wmuijf‘t mlnòt bs smg` ohrouht rèuibr w` cf`w prmlbliy wmuij, sm w`tmmc bf `bsy mut. Hf jmhfe tkhs, w` w`r` skmwhfe omwbrjho`, abvmrhthsg, bfj pr`nujho`‚w`skmuij kbv` hfshst`j mf aihpphfe. Zkbt hs tk` mfiy hfstbfo` H obf ròbii wk`r` H wbs prhvy tmgbchfe b Jrbw H wbsf‘t omgamrtbli` whtk. _m, tkmuek H jmf‘t cfmw wk`tk`r Ghfe wbs bvhothg ma pr`nujho`, H o`rtbhfiy lìh`v`

Jrbwgbc`rs kbv`f‘t biwbys l``f mlnòthv`.Hf khs ’Euff _kmts‗ omiugf hf tk` _`pt.-

Mot. hssu` ma Zmphos, Jmf Euff ahr`j lboc b a`wrmufjs bt Okuh, sbyhfe tkbt k` skmuij stmp tk`

wkhfhfe. ’Zk` qubihty eubrbft``j ly tkÒmfsthtuthmf hs `qubihty làmr` tk` ibw, fmt hf tk`

`y`s ma mf`‘s aìimw g`f. Zk` \`vmiuthmf mfiy s`ttk` Bg`rhobf Jr`bg hftm gmthmf, ht jhj fmt lrhfeht tm aruhthmf.‗ Okuh, Euff tkhfcs, `xpòts tmmguok. Bg`rhob‘s ’mfiy b pibo`, hts ohthz`fs br`g`rìy kugbf.‗ ’Zkbt tk`r` hs pr`nujho` bebhfstMrh`ftbis em`s whtkmut sbyhfe. Uky fmt= Ukht`s

obf‘t e`t bimfe whtk mtk`r Ukht`s.‗ Lut tm sbytkbt ’bfymf` hf Bg`rhob lmtk`rs tm kbrbss bfMrh`ftbi ly bsshefhfe khg tm b pmmr tbli` hs b

fmthmf wkhok bttrhlut`s tm us bf uf-Bg`rhobftkmrmuekf`ss.‗ Okuh ’pibys mf tk` sbg` tbli`s bskhs mppmf`fts jm.‗ Euff gbc`s tk`

e`f`rbihzbthmf tkbt ’gmst ma tk` Mrh`ftbis wkm piby hf tk` Pfht`j _tbt`s omfjuot tk`gsìv`s abr l`tt`r tkbf jm tk`hr fmf-Mrh`ftbi omuft`rpbrts,whtk mf` `xo`pthmf. H kbv` f`v`r s``f mf` wkm wbs fmt b tbli` kme‗ (28). Bii tkhfesomfshj`r`j, sbys Euff, Okuh wmuij l` kbrj-pr`ss j ’tm ahfj b spmrt whtk bs ihtti` pr`nujho` bstbli` t`ffhs‗ (28).

Zk`s` omgg`fts jr`w tk` wrbtk ma L`rt Nbomls (ZZZ , Fmv.-Jò., 285<,) wkm obiisEuff b abohst, tkmuek p`rkbps bf ufomfsohmus mf`. Nbomls sbys, ’Zk` jhsorhghfbthmf bebhfst

fmf-wkht`s kbs r`bok`j suok prmpmrthmfs tkbt ht obf moour whtkmut tkmuekt mf tk` pbrt ma tk`rbohst.‗ K` ibglbsts Euff amr kbvhfe ’amremtt`f tkbt Bg`rhob hs gmr` tkbf b pibo`, ht hs b lìhà, bf `xp`rhg`ft hf ar``jmg, nustho` bfj `qubihty.‗ Euff‘s ’p`sshghsg blmut Bg`rhob bfjtk` ‛Bg`rhobf Jr`bg,‘ bs `xpr`ss`j hf tkbt ’Uky fmt=‗ bocfmwi`je`g`ft ma rbohsg, hs b

chii`r. ’Emj kìp us bii ha tkms` a`ìhfes hfahitrbt` tk` omuftry.‗ Nbomls ihc`fs Euff‘s ’tbli` kme‗e`f`rbihzbthmf ma Mrh`ftbis tm e`f`rbihzbthmfs gbj` ly Cu Ciux Cibff`rs blmut wkht`s mr bfth-s`ght`s blmut N`ws. K` ure`s Okuh tm c``p wkhfhfe blmut ’rbohsg, hfkugbfhty, hf`qubihty, bfjbfytkhfe is` wkhok trh`s tm gbc` tkhs omuftry w`bc‗ (:).

Armg Jmf Euff‘s p`rspòthv` tk`r`‘s fmt

guok pr`nujho` hf tbli` t`ffhs

Armg 2818 P._. Mp`f Trmerbg, <?



?10

Mf r`bjhfe Jmf bfj L`rt, aìimw Mkhmbf Bfjy Ebj p`fs b pm`g>

’Zk`r` hs b gbf obii`j Jmf EuffUkm pibys amr spmrt bfj wrht`s amr auf.Zk`r` hs bism b lmy fbg`j L`rt

Ukms` er`bt`st bttrhlut` hs tkrmwhfe jhrt.‗

Euff khgsìa r`spmfjs (ZZZ , Nbf.-A`l., 285?), sbys tkbt wk`f Euff wbs ymufe, ’kàmuekt hf b lhe wbr bebhfst absohsts3 bt tkbt thg` absohsts w`r` p`mpi` wkm s`ft euys ihc` L`rtNbomls rhekt up tk` okhgf`y. Fmw b absohst hs nust smg`mf` whtk wkmg L`rt jhsber``s. Xmugust bjght tkbt‘s quht` bf hgprmv`g`ft‗ (<8). Hf khs ’Euff _kmts‗ hf tkhs sbg` hssu`, kbvhfe`stblihsk`j b omft`xt k`‘s hft`r st`j hf, k` ufblbsk`jiy ahr`s bfmtk`r sbivm> ’Kbv` ymu v`r

g`t b rò`ft hggherbft wkm jhj fmt oibhg tm kbv` l``f b okbgphmf hf khs kmgìbfj= Zkbt hstk` ahrst oibhg amr `v`ry mf` ma tk`g. Bat`r tk`y kbv` imst b a`w Sthg`sW omg`s tk` sòmfjoibhg, ma fmt kbvhfe piby`j amr b imfe thg`‗ (2;).

Zk`s` ihf`s hf turf prmgpt b v`ry hfjhefbft I`tt`r tm Zmphos armg bf HGGHE\BFZ. ’H

j`gbfj,‗ sbys F`w @feibfj‘s Okuoc Okbf, ’bf bpmimey armg Gr. J. Euff bfj tk` `jhtmrhbistbaa ma tk` P_ZZB‘s Zmphos amr tk` v`ry jhstbstàui ihf`s.‗



?11

Okbpt`r Zw`fty-_`v`f

285<> @.O. Tr`mooupbthmfs.

Zk` f`w Bjghfhstrbthmf omghfe hf Nuiy 2st lrmuekt

okbfe`s tm tk` P_BZZ i`bj`rskhp. Lmeebf, I`j`rgbf,Lmok`fsch, Kmwbrj, bfj bcbrhf w`r` hf‚_t``fkmv`f,Obrr, bfj K`rlst w`r` mut. Okbfe`s hf Zmurfbg`ftJhròtmrs wmuij moour> Ubit _t`pk`fs hf pibo` ma Jhoc Khocs bs Fbthmfbi Zmurfbg`ft Jhròtmr3 K`rl Qhokfhf hf pibo` ma _t pk`fs hf tk` @bst`rf \èhmf3 bfj Zmg Go@vmyhf pibo` ma Gyrmf ’Ghc`‗ @je`rtmf hf tk` Ghjw`st \èhmf.

_mg` Omgghtt``g`f w`r` bism okbfe`j> Bjv`rthshfe>^bcbrhf r`pibo`j K`rlst3 Baahihbt`s> Aù`rst`hf wbs fmw Om-Okbhr whtk Okrhs _okimtt`rkbus`f3 Jhsohpihfbry> Nboc Obrr r`pibo`j E`f` Uhismf3 Hft`romiièhbt`> _t`v` Brfmij r`pibo`j

Jmue _t`wbrt wkm‘j r`turf`j tm khs fbthv` F`w ^`bibfj3Hft`rfbthmfbi> Lml Cbghfscy r`pibo`j \uaamrj Kbrrhsmf3 Tuliho

\ìbthmfs> K`rlst wbs fmw om-Okbhr whtk Okbrih` Jhsf`y3\bfchfe> Lbrj Lr`ff`r r`pibo`j Nmkf \`bj3 _ìòthmf> Jhoc Ghi`s r`pibo`j \`bj (lut Lr`ff`r kbjbf hgg`jhbt rmi bs Bothfe _ìòthmf Okbhr)3 Umg`f‘s> Xvmff Crmfibe r`pibo`j L`tty Khlf`r.

F`w Omgghtt``s `stblihsk`j (hgg`jhbt iy mr bs tk` s`bsmf prmer`ss`j)> Aufj \bhshfewhtk Lmeebf bs Okbhr3 Nufhmr J`vìmpg`ft whtk Ar`j Jbff`r bs Okbhr3 \bthfe whtk Kmwbrj bsOkbhr3 Tbtrmf‘s whtk K`rlst bs Okbhr.

Zr`bsur`r _w``rhs kbj `brih`r pr`s`ft`j b P_ZZB Lbibfo` _k``t amr tk` 8 Gmftks`fjhfe A`l. <8, 285<. Bt tkbt pmhft, Hfomg` amr tkms` gmftks tmtbi`j $<:,051.0? (whtk b f`t$5, ?<0.50 omghfe hf armg G`gl`rskhp), wkhi` @xp`fs` tmtbi`j $<<,?:5.01 (whtk b f`t

$8,;21.24 emhfe mut amr Zmphos). Zk` F`t Umrtk ma tk` Bssmohbthmf wbs $28,?22.?0.Bt tk` Nuf` 2;tk @.O. G``thfe, Jìi ’`sthgbt`j b ourr`ft P_ZZB obsk tm tk` emmj

vbiu` ma $2?,444.‗

B trh`j bfj tru` wby ma lrhfehfe hf gmf`y wbs tkrmuek @quhpg`ft Okbhr Nboc Obrr‘sP_ZZB \boc`t Bpprmvbi prmerbg. ’Bat`r Bueust 2, 285?, tk` gbfuabotur`rs skbii pby tm tk`P_ZZB 0o p`r rboc`t…Smr b iugp sugW amr bii P_ZZB bpprmv`j rboc`ts gbfuabotur`j hf mr skhpp`j tm tk` P._.B.‗ Bism, `htk`r tk` gbfuabotur`r mr tk` jhstrhlutmr ma tk`s` bpprmv`j rboc`tswhii l` r`quhr`j tm kbv` bf bj hf Zmphos. Aurtk`r, bfy rboc`tb piby`r pibys whtk hf b P_ZZB-sbfothmf`j \èhmfbi mr

Fbthmfbi tmurfbg`ft gust g``t HZZA spòhahobthmfs.Lèhffhfe whtk tk` 285< P._. Mp`f Z`bg Okbgphmfskhps,

b piby`r pbrthohpbthfe hf b tkr``-mr-amur-stbr tmurfbg`ftgust piby whtk b P_ZZB-bpprmv`j rboc`t. Ha k` jm`sf‘t, k`kbs tm pby b ’$2 a`` tm tk` Stmurfbg`ftW spmfsmr.‗

Mf` P_ZZB g`gl`r armg Obihamrfhb, Nhg

Emmjwhf, wbs ups`t `fmuek tm wrht` tm Zmphos. ’Brboc`t hs b v`ry p`rsmfbi tkhfe,‗ k` sbhj. Ha H gbc` gymwf rboc`t, mr luy mf` wk`f H vhsht Nbpbf, H kbv` tm pbyb luoc tm piby whtk ht= ’Luiiskht!‗ K` breu`s tkbt tk`

Ubit _t`pk`fsTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



?15

gbfuabotur`rs jmf‘t pby tk` fhocì tm tk` P_ZZB, tk` piby`r jm`s, amr tk` rui` nust ehv`s tk`gbfuabotur`rs ’bf `xous` tm nboc tk` prho`s up khek`r.‗ _brobsthobiiy, k` sbys, ’Ha tk` P_ZZBhs sm kbrj up, H‘ii s`fj bf xtrb jbgf fhocì whtk gy ju`s, v`f b fhocì amr Nboc Obrr, ha k`‘iie`t maa tk` `quhpg`ft omgghtt``‗‚bfj obpphfe tkhs ihtti` mutlurst k` `foims`s whtk khs brthoi`b Nàa`rsmf-k`bj @ Tiurhlus Pfug fhocì. ’Hf Emj U` trust,‗ ht sbys, bfj ’Ihl`rty.‗

Nboc r`spmfjs tkbt ha tk` P_ZZB wbfts tm amrèm ’s`v`rbi tkmusbfj jmiibrs hfomg``bok y`br, tkbt‘s stuphj.‗ Zm wkhok gbfy wmuij surìy ber``. Hfj``j, whtk gmr` g`gl`rsr`bjhfe gmr` ma tk` `fibre`j Zmphos, tk` @jhtmr wbfts tm rbhs` tk` gbebzhf`‘s bjv`rthshferbt`s. Lut wky jm`s tk` piby`r kbv` tm pby b $2= Lòbus`, sbys Obrr, tk` gbfuabotur`rs’r`quhr` b g`tkmj ma pmihohfe.‗ Nboc sbys tm Nhg, ’Xmu obf sthii us` ymur thfc`r-tmy spòhbi, lutht gby omst ymu mf` mr twm jmiibrs b y`br. Ha tkbt‘s wkbt ymu‘r` emhfe tm us`, hf bii prmlblhihtyymu skmuijf‘t l` pibyhfe hf b ?-_tbr hf tk` ahrst pibo`. Ht‘s jhsomurbehfe, tm sby tk` i`bst, tm s``

lèhff`rs gbc` ammis ma tk`gsìv`s ly pibyhfe hf mur fbthmfbi okbgphmfskhps.‗Eus C`ff`jy aìt tkbt b wby ma lrhfehfe hf gmf`y, p`rkbps spòhahobiiy amr tk` P._.

Z`bg, wbs tm kbv` b ’_pmfsmrs‘ Omrf`r‗ hf Zmphos wk`r` g`gl`rs omuij s`` tk` omftrhluthmfstkbt w`r` gbj` bfj l` gmv`j tm luy tkbt spmfsmr‘s prmjuot bfj tìi khg sm whtk b Zkbfc Xmu

i`tt`r. Bt tk` Bue. 0-1, 285< @.O. G``thfe b Gmthmf wbs pbss`j, whtk Gmrt ^bcbrhf‘s kìp, tmbiimw Gbrc`thfe Ghx bs mur be`ft ’tm omftbot Jr. T`pp`r bfj/mr mtk`r pmsshli` spmfsmrs whtk

tk` purpms` ma j`vìmphfe tk` 285? Umrij Z`bg spmfsmrskhp Somgghtg`ft tm l` gbj` whtkhfshx w``csW.‗ Nmkf \`bj‘s Gmthmf tkbt ’tk` @.O. hfv`sthebt` pmsshlhihth`s ma ahfbfohbi sulshjyarmg tk` A`j`rbi Emv`rfg`ft amr bfy P._. t`bg mr bothvhty‗ wbs pbss`j 0-<-2 whtk Kmwbrjbfj bcbrhf vmthfe Fm bfj _w``rhs Blstbhfhfe.

G`bfwkhi`, Tr`shj`ft Lmeebf wmuij bpp`bi tm tk` e`f`rmshty ma tk` g`gl`rskhp hfe`f`rbi, bfj khs bppmhft`` Ar`j K`rlst wmuij `xpimr` pmsshlhihth`s whtk khs Tbtrmf‘s

Omgghtt `. Bfymf` omuij lòmg` b Tbtrmf ’ly jmfbthfe $044 bffubiiy‗ tm smg` spòhahoP_ZZB br`b (Nufhmr J`vìmpg`ft, sby, mr tk` Hft`rfbthmfbi Z`bg Aufj). G`gl`rskhp wmuij lrhfe ymu vbrhmus p`rcs‚ihc` ar`` `ftry hf bfj spòhbi s`bthfe prhvhiè`s bt bfy P_ZZB-

sbfothmf`j tmurfbg`ft, mr boo`ss tm b Tbtrmf‘s imufe`/lbr bt gbnmr tmurfbg`fts. Ly tk` _`pt.-Mot., 285< Zmphos, tk`r` w`r` fhf` Okbrt`r g`gl`rs ma tkhs Lmbrj ma Tbtrmfs> Okbrih` Jhsf`y((Jbhf, Cbigbf,& Rubhi), Nm` F`webrj`f, Ghokbì Tbsouooh, Jr. Hsbbo _bfj`rs, _t`v`

_km`gbc`r, I`st`r _phtzi`y, Erbkbg _t``fkmv`f, Gbrhbff` _zbiby, bfj Lml Ubic`r. Hgysìa obf‘t ròbii `v`r kbvhfe b jrhfc hf suok b imufe`, ha `v`r tk`r` wbs mf`, bfj tkhsLmbrj ma Tbtrmfs whii fmt, bs mf` P_ZZB g`gl`r a`br`j, lòmg` bf ’ìht`,‗ j` abotmP_ZZB Lmbrj.

Zk` Hft`rfbthmfbi Z`bg Aufj (HZA) kbj bjj`j $2,82?.15 (_`fhmr $2,??:3 Nufhmr $058.15) tm hts Gby ?2, 2852 Lbibfo` ma $:,<4?.:;, gbchfe b tmtbi HZA Aufj bs ma A`l. <8,

285< ma $1,225.20. Jhoc I`sf`r, Hfjustry-`xp`rh`fo`j hf ’Trmjuot J`vìmpg`ft bfjTrmgmthmf‗ ahìjs, kbj put amrwbrj (ZZZ , Gbr.-Bpr., 285<, <4) b gbfy-abo`t`j, `xtr`gìy

bglhthmus mf`-tm-tkr``-y`br Aufj-\bhshfe pibf. Khs bhg wbs tm rbhs` bs quhociy bs pmsshli`$24,444 amr tk` P._. Umrij Z`bg, bfj, kbvhfe s`t up b omrpmrbthmf bfj hssu`j 244,444 skbr`sma stmoc, em mf armg tk`r`. Zk` @.O. kbj bpprmv`j khs hgg`jhbt` hft`r`st hf sìihfe P_ZZBjòbis bt $2 bphò` (bf hj`b tkbt kbj wmrc`j làmr`), lut fhx`j khs pibf tm stbrt b s`pbrbt`

omgpbfy bfj, bppbr`ftiy armg Jhoc‘s pmhft ma vh`w, wbsf‘t suaahoh`ftiy rò`pthv` tm khs àamrts.Lmeebf, tk` thtuibr k`bj ma Aufj-\bhshfe, wmuij ibt`r wrht` b i`tt`r tm Jhoc, `xpibhfhfe tkbt,wkhi` er`btiy bppròhbthfe khs omftrhluthmfs, tk` P_ZZB bism wbft`j tm pursu` mtk`r bv`fu`sma Aufj-\bhshfe.



?1;

Jhoc‘s smf, Lhii, skbrhfe khs jbj‘s bglhthmfs, wbfthfe tm wmrc hf omgpi`g`ftbryabskhmf whtk khg, kmp`j tm stbe` ’Thfe-pmfe-btkmfs.‗ Zm rbhs` aufjs amr piby`rs, hfoiujhfeNufhmrs, tm trbvì tm Umrij tmurfbg`fts hf 285?, k` wbft`j hf 24 gbnmr ohth`s tm hfhthbt` choc-maa Gbii xkhlhthmfs, tk`f kmij omft`sts tk`r`. K` tkmuekt tkbt, whtk tk` pimy ma biimwhfebfymf` r`p`bt`j `ftrh`s (omgp`t bebhf bfj bebhf, euys, bs gbfy thg`s bs ymu wbft3 e`t

l`tt`r, whf), ymufest rs wmuij ’lue tk`hr pbr`fts tm lrhfe tk`g tm tk` gbiis wk`f tk`y emskmpphfe,‗ bfj armg tkhs tk`y‘j e`t jmfbthmfs. Lhii wmuij t`st mut tk` hj`b hf tk` J`trmht/Tmfthbo br`b, bfj r`pmrt tk` mutomg` hf Zmphos (lut fm suok \`pmrt `v`r bpp`br`j.)

Gbrv _kbaa`r fmt`j hf khs Nuf` 2;tk G`gl`rskhp \`pmrt>

’G`gl`rskhp hfor`bs`j hf jmiibr vbiu` armg $1,444 (bpprmxhgbtìy) hf tk` p`rhmjNuiy, 2854-Gby, 2852 tm

$2:,544 hf tk` p`rhmjNuiy, 2852-Gby, 285<.Zkhs hfor`bs` hs 2:4%jmiibrwhs`, lut jm`s fmt

ràiòt jmulihfe ma tk`g`gl`rskhp lòbus` ma

tk` jhaa`r`ft rbt`shfvmiv`j. Iht`rbtur` sbi`sjurhfe tk` blmv`r`spòthv` p`rhmjs ma 54/52 bfj 52/5< rms` armg$:44.44 tm $;44.44

(bpprmxhgbtìy) bfj tk`sbi`s armg jòbis bfj`gli`gs armg $224.44

tm $?04.44.‗

_trbfeìy, amr gmr`

tkbf twm y`brs, armg tk` thg`H lèbf jhthfe gy ahrst (Nuiy-Bue., 2854) Zmphos, H obf‘t ahfjGbrv `v`r r`pmrthfe, mr l`hfebsc`j tm r`pmrt, bt bfy thg`, nustkmw gbfy g`gl`rs tk P_ZZB

kbj. Ahfbiiy, bat`r Ar`j Jbff`r (ZZZ , Gby-Nuf`, 285<, 22)

`sthgbt`j tkbt w` kbj ’l`tw``f?444 & 0444 g`gl`rs‗ (tkbt wbs tk oims`st tk P_ZZB omuijomg` tm bf boourbt` aheur`=),

Gbrv r`pmrt`j hf tk` Nbf.-A`l,285? Zmphos tkbt tk` Bssmohbthmfkbj ?,884 Bjuit g`gl`rs bfj2,<<0 Nufhmr g`gl`rs.



?18

Jbff`r sbhj tkbt 24 y`brs bem wk`f k` wbs P_ZZB G`gl`rskhp Okbhr, tk`r` w`r`’<444 bjuit P_ZZB g`gl`rs pius mr ghfus :44 (bt $</yr) j`p`fjhfe mf wkbt gmftk ma tk`y`br ht wbs,‗ bfj b o`rtbhf fugl`r ma ’nufhmr g`gl`rs bt <0o `bok p`r y`br‚tk` a`w`r tk` l`tt`r shfo` `bok mf` r`pr s`ft`j b ahfbfohbi imss tm tk` P_ZZB.‗ Lboc tk`f, tk` G`gl`rskhpOkbhr ’emt fmtkhfe (lut beerbvbthmf) amr wmrchfe b ghfhgug ma <: kmurs b w``c,‗ bfj tmjby,

`v`f whtk tk` omgput`r butmgbthmf bvbhibli` tm _kbaa`r (wkm khgsìa kbs tk` prmli`g ma ihght`j vmiuft``r thg`), ’tk` nml hs sthii tk` tmuek`st hf Zbli` Z`ffhs.‗Ukbt‘s f``j`j ’tm lr`btk` f`w iha` hftm P._. Zbli` Z`ffhs‗ hs b wkmi` f`w

r`struoturhfe. K`r` br` Ar`j‘s suee`sthmfs mf kmw tm `xpbfj tk` G`gl`rskhp. Ahrst, ’rbhs` tk`Bjuit g`gl`rskhp a`` tm bt i`bst $24/y`br Stkhs kbs l``f jmf`W bfj tk` nufhmr a`` tm bt i`bst $0/y`br Snufhmr a`` r`gbhfs bt $<W.‗ _òmfj, ’pby tk` Fbthmfbi G`gl`rskhp Okbhrgbf $2omgghsshmf amr `bok g`gl`rskhp rò`hv`j.‗ K` obf ’c``p tk` $2 amr `bok g`gl`rskhp k`

jhròtiy prmo`ss s lut whii ràufj 04o tm b rèhmfbi jhròtmr wkm smij b g`gl`rskhp bfj prmo`ss`j ht.‗

Zkhrj, ’s`t up rèhmfbi okbhrg`f.‗ Zk` ’bppmrthmfg`ft ma g`gl`rskhp rèhmfs‗ wmuij lùfj`r tk` jhròt omftrmi ma tk` Fbthmfbi G`gl`rskhp Okbhr wkm hs fmt mfiy bppmhft`j ly tk` @.O.

lut lòmg`s bf @.O. Qho -Tr shj`ft whtk vmthfe prhvhi e`s. Kmw v`r, tk` @.O. gust bpprmv` tk`rèhmfbi jhròtmrs, bfj ma omurs` kbs tk` pmw`r tm r`pibo` tk` G`gl`rskhp Okbhr ha k` hsf‘t jmhfe

khs nml. Amurtk, jmf‘t ’amro` ahrst thg` piby`rs tm lòmg` SP_ZZBW g`gl`rs‗3 biimw tk`g ’tm pbrthohpbt` hf b P_ZZB Mp`f tmurfbg`ft‗ ly purokbshfe b ’$< pibyhfe p rght Stkhs kbs l``fjmf`W.‗ Ahatk, ’i`t oims`j hftrbstbt` tmurfbg`fts l` ruf whtkmut r`quhr`g`fts amr bfy p`rghts mr g`gl`rskhp a``s (nust sbfothmf bfj ahekthfe aufj a``s).‗ Ps` tk` sgbii tmurfbg`fts bs ’e`tboqubhft`j v`fts.‗ _hxtk, biimw Nufhmrs tm vmt`‚ht‘ii kìp c``p tk`g hf tk` _pmrt.

Ar`j pmhfts mut tkbt ht kbs ’mat`f l``f sbhj tkbt tk` P_ZZB obffmt baamrj b auii thg`

_òr`tbry‗‚tkmuek hf tk` f`xt y`br wkm skmuijsujj`fiy wbft tm sulsorhl` tm mur gbebzhf` lut LhiiKbhj, Zmphos @jhtmr armg 28:8-0<, wkm hf 285; whii

lòmg` tk` P_BZZ‘s ahrst gmj`rf-`rb @xòuthv`Jhròtmr. Ar`j lìh`v`s tkbt ’tk` us` ma b omgghsshmfa`` amr sìihfe b g`gl`rskhp wmuij luhij up tm tk`

pmhft wk`r` tk` Fbthmfbi G`gl`rskhp Okbhrgbfomuij vhrtubiiy `brf khs ihvhfe bt tkhs.‗ Bfbimemusiy,k` fmt`s kmw ’tk` $2 p`r gbtok ugphr`‘s a`` obus`jtk` ugphr`‘s prmli`g tm jhsbpp`br hf ibre`tmurfbg`fts.‗

Ar`j tkhfcs, bfj kbs tk` hft`r`st bfj euts tm

jrbw omfoiushmfs bfj gbc` strmfe stbt`g`fts3 k`‘stk`ràmr` v`ry kìpaui tm tk` Bssmohbthmf, v`f ha mf`

jhsber``s whtk khg. H jmf‘t s`` wky, whtk tkhs prmpms`j r`struoturhfe, p`mpi` whii luy g`gl`rskhpswk`f tk`y br`f‘t luyhfe tk`g fmw. Zm put 04o hf brèhmfbi jhròtmr‘s pmoc`t= Bfj chjs, mat`f whtk

ihght`j cfmwi`je`, ruskhfe mut tk`r` tm ugphr`gbtok`s wk`f tk`hr mfiy omfo`rf hs gbchfe b luoc,kbs tkbt smiv`j tk` ugphr` prmli`g= Ar`j‘s embi ma 04,444 P_ZZB g`gl`rs s``gs quht`hiiusmry tm g`, bfj, hf bfy obs`, khs r`struoturhfe hj`b wbs f`v`r amiimw`j up mf.

Lhii Kbhj, bppmhft`j

P_ZZB @xòuthv` Jhròtmr, 285;



?54

Jbff`r ma omurs` hs s`rhmus blmut khs nml bs P_ZZB Jhròtmr ma Nufhmr J`vìmpg`ft. Zm bttrbot f`w ymufe piby`rs, k` wbfts tmhgpi`g`ft (ZZZ , Nuiy-Bue., 21/_`pt.-Mot., 2<), whtk tk` kìp ma ’bf`twmrc ma P_ZZB _tbt` Nufhmr Okbhrg`f‗ suppmrt`j ly kufjr`jsma vmiuft``r kìp`rs, b tkr``-amij Trmerbg. K` f``js> ’b) T`mpi` tm

ruf ht (& ombok)3 l) Gmf`y tm suppmrt ht3 o) Tibo`s amr Nufhmrs tm piby.‗ _hfo` b gbfubi kbs tm l` put tme`tk`r j`sorhlhfe ’kmw tmmrebfhz` & ruf Nufhmr Zbli` Z`ffhs I`beu`s & kmw tm hftrmjuo`Zbli` Z`ffhs hftm tk` puliho sokmmi syst`g,‗ tk` @.O. bt tk`hr Bue.G``thfe whii butkmrhz` Ar`j tm pr`pbr` ’b nufhmr tbli` t`ffhs i`beu`kbfjlmmc.‗ I`beu`s bfj Qbrshty Z`bg Gbtok`s wmuij kìp sustbhfhft`r`st bfj prmvhj` b khek sokmmi/omiiè` omffòthmf. Bism, gmr`

hft`r`st omuij l` sustbhf`j ha Zmphos kbj b spòhbi Nufhmr sòthmf.Ar`j sbys tk`r`‘s b emmj okbfo` ma ’s`tthfe up b Nufhmr Zbli`

Z`ffhs Amufjbthmf…wkhok wmuij p`rght omftrhluthmfs tm l` tbxj`juothli`.‗ Zk`r`‘s tk` f``j amr b ’ar``‗ pibo` amr tk` Nufhmrs tm

piby, whtk jò`ft omfjhthmfs, bfj hf b s`tthfe wk`r` pbr fts a`ì tk`hr okhijr`f br` sba`. (Ar`j lìh`v`s tkbt, ha tk` Nufhmr Trmerbg‘s tm

suoo``j, tk` _pmrt ’gust uithgbtìy lòmg` b abghiy bothvhty.‗) ’Nufhmr J`vìmpg`ft tm l`suoo`ssaui whii kbv` tm gbc` ht hf mur puliho sokmmi syst`g bs b rèuibr ourrhouibr spmrt. Uk`ftkhs kbpp`fs tk`r` hs fm ihght tm P._. tbli` t`ffhs xpbfshmf.‗

Ar`j jhj b omgput`r ruf (Nuiy ;, 285<) bfj us`j smg` 2854 o`fsus abots tm omg` upwhtk ’B _tbthsthobi Immc Bt P._.Z.Z.B. Nufhmr g`gl`rskhps.‗ _tbt`s whtk tk` gmst P_ZZBNufhmrs w`r` (2) F`w Xmrc, <<23 (<) Obihamrfhb, 2:03 bfj (?) Gbryibfj, 2:?. Lut mf

omfshj`rhfe tk` fugl`r ma Nufhmrs hf rìbthmf tm tk` mv`rbii Nufhmr pmpuibthmf hf b stbt`, tkì`bj`rs okbfe`j> (2) F`lrbscb, 82 mut ma <80,4443 (<) Gbryibfj, 2:? mut ma 510,4443 bfjMrèmf, ?1 mut ma :2:,444‚F`w Xmrc wbs 5 tk3 Obihamrfhb 2?tk. H jmf‘t cfmw wkbt tkhs

prmv`s, kmw`v`r, lòbus` `v`rymf`‘s bwbr` ht‘s o`rtbhf pmoc`t br bs tkbt prmvhj` wkbt‘sfò`ssbry amr Nufhmr j`vìmpg`ft (b emmj pibo` tm piby, arh`fjiy p``rs, ombokhfe, bfj strmfeomgp`ththv` bothvhty). Mf` ma tk` stbt`s whtk fm P_ZZB Nufhmr g`gl`rs‚bfj tkhs obg` bs b

surprhs` tm g`‚wbs Jìbwbr` wk`r` tk`r`‘s imfe l``f tmurfbg`ft piby. (Ibt`r, Jìbwbr`‘s\uaamrj Kbrrhsmf whii okbsths` Ar`j amr fmt bocfmwi`jehfe tkbt smg` Nufhmrs tk`r` jm kbv`P_ZZB ’Oiul‗ g`gl`rskhps.)

I`bjhfe pmoc`t br`bs amr P_ZZB Nufhmrs w`r` (2) Imfe Hsibfj, 2<< (tkmuek bii ma @bst`rf _uaamic Omufty omuijf‘t kbv` bjj`j gbfy g`gl`rs)3 Mgbkb, 50 (bfmtk`r surprhs`)3Lbithgmr`, 5?3 bfj Btibftb, ::. (Bfy mtk`r pmoc`t kbj i`ss tkbf ?4 Nufhmr g`gl`rs.) Zk`

qu`sthmf Ar`j bscs hs, Uky br` smg` pmoc`ts gmr` suoo`ssaui tkbf mtk`rs= @ue`f`, Mrèmfkbs b pmpuibthmf ma mfiy :<,444, lut ht kbs <8 P_ZZB Nufhmrs. Ukbt br` Imu Lmok`fsch bfj

mtk`rs jmhfe rhekt= (Jm tk`y hfshst, ihc` Crmfibe` bfj Cbghfscy bt tk`hr F`w Obrrmiitmf, GJOiul, tkbt Oiul g`gl`rs, hfoiujhfe Nufhmrs, l` auii P_ZZB g`gl`rs= Mr jm tk`y kbv` spòhbi’sòr`ts‗ tkbt gbc` tk` chjs wbft tm l` ombok`j, piby omgp`ththvìy, `febe` hf mrebfhz`j auf=)

Kmw hgpmrtbft hs ht tkbt tk` O`fsus tìis us tk`r`‘s b ibre` pmmi ma 8-2;-y`br-mijs ihvhfe

hf mf` stbt` br`b= Hs shz` ma suok shefhahobfo`= Okhfb‘s b kue` omuftry, y`s, lut wky hs spbrsìy pmpuibt`j _w`j`f bism sm pmw`raui hf wmrij tbli t`ffhs wk`f mtk`r, ibre`r omuftrh`s br` fmt=Imfe bem, Jhoc Ghi`s, amr mf`, `xpibhf`j wky Ibwr`fo`‘s F.X.O. Oiul turf`j mut sm gbfyP._. Umrij Z`bg g`gl`rs‚strmfe piby`rs lè`t b oiust`r ma mtk`r strmfe piby`rs.

Ar`j Jbff`r



?52

Jbff`r, bs k` omfshj`rs tk` jòbj`s-imfe prmli`gs ma tk` P_ZZB bfj trh`s tm omg` upwhtk wkbt k` kmp`s br` smiuthmfs, maa`rs gmr` suee`sthmfs (ZZZ , Nuiy-Bue., 285<, 22). ’I`t‘sGmj`rfhz` Mur Zmurfbg`ft Tmihoh`s,‗ k` sbys. Gbyl` k`‘s l``f ihst`fhfe tm aìimw ImfeHsibfj`r Qhffh` Obvbi`rh= Qhffh`, thr`j ma l`hfe oimll`r`j ly O piby`rs wkm br` ’rhfe`rs‗ tkbtobf kmij tk`hr mwf hf Oibss L, mr `v`f Oibss B, sbys tkbt ha tk` i`ss schii`j piby`rs br` ehv`f

okbfo`s tm whf gbtok`s tkrmuek tk` `stblihskg`ft ma Oibss J, Oibss @, Oibss A `v`fts, ’mutarmg tk`hr ’lbs`g`fts, oìibrs, bfj j`fs‗ tk`y wmuij omg`‚bfj ymu wmuij ’ahfj tk`g nmhfhfeStk` P_ZZBW hf jrmv`s.‗

Ar`j o`rtbhfiy wbfts gmr` P_ZZB piby`rs bfj tm tkbt `fj hs prhg`j amr b fugl`r ma pmihoy okbfe`s‚k` wbfts tm omglbt ’fèbthv` g`tkmjs bfj prbotho`s amr omfjuothfesbfothmf`j P_ZZB tmurfbg`fts…StkbtW ha omfthfu`j whii chii bfy okbfo` amr tbli` t`ffhs`xpbfshmf hf tk` Pfht`j _tbt`s.‗ K` s``s 24 prmli`g br`bs.

’Ahrst Trmli`g‚P_ZZB _bfothmfhfe G`tkmjs.‗ \èhmfbi Jhròtmrs tmm mat`f kmij lboc tk`hr sbfothmfhfe bpprmvbis ma tmurfbg`fts‚smg`thg`s lòbus` tk`y‘r` fmt sur wk`tk`r tk`y ghekt omfaihot whtk tmurfbg`fts ìs`wk`r` hf tk` \èhmf. ’Zkhs r`strhothv` btthtuj` wbsjà`fj`j mf tk` ermufjs tkbt tmurfbg`ft prmgmt`rs omuij ims` gmf`y mf a`w`r `ftrh`s bfj

wmuij fmt bttrbot tmp piby`rs ha gmr` tkbf mf` tmurfbg`ft w`r` kìj hf tk` rèhmf.‗ Lut tkhsbpprmbok, sbys Ar`j, hs ’quht` blsurj.‗

Ibst y`br, w` kbj mfiy blmut 244 Mp`f tmurfbg`fts hf tk` wkmi` omuftry. Jmf‘t w`wbft gmr`= Mf tk` mf` kbfj, wky skmuijf‘t tmp piby`rs l` bli` tm okmms` wk`r` ht l`st l`kmmv`s tk`g tm piby= Bfj mf tk` mtk`r, whtk tkhs r strhothv` sbfothmfhfe pmihoy prmgmt`rs br` l`hfe bsc`j tm hefmr` tk` bv`rbe` Oibss-`v`ft piby`r wkm wbfts tm piby hf tmurfbg`fts. Br`f‘ttk`hr `ftry-a`` jmiibrs kìpaui tm tk` P_ZZB, tm mur Umrij Z`bg Ahekthfe Aufj= ’Jmf‘t wmrryha tk` ‛wrmfe‘ piby`r whfs b tmurfbg`ft. Umrry gmr` ha prmspòthv` piby`rs obf‘t ahfj b

tmurfbg`ft tm piby hf.‗ Mfiy amr tk` w``c`fj ma tk` Fbthmfbi‘s bfj tk` mf` \èhmfbi Mp`f ma tk` s`bsmf skmuij rèhmfbi piby l` r`strhot`j. ’Bii mtk`r w``c`fjs bfy oiul whtk bj`qubtàbohihth`s skmuij l` biimw`j tm ruf b tmurfbg`ft‚MT@F mr OIM_@J.‗

’_òmfj Trmli`g‚F``j amr b Luaa`r-Zyp` Zmurfbg`ft.‗ Ar`j ure`s ’bf bpprmv`jtmurfbg`ft wk`r` tk` P_ZZB ehv`s prmgmthmfbi àamrt & kmijs jmwf `xp`fs`s amr fmvho` bfjahrst thg` piby`rs.‗ Zk` P_ZZB kbs tm jm erbss-rmmts wmrc whtk ’imobi ròr`bthmf ermups &

mtk`rs suok bs tk` XGOB, Lmy _omuts, Ahr`gbf ermups, `to.‗ U` skmuij prmvhj` tk`g whtk`quhpg`ft, bfj tk`f, amrèmhfe bfy P_ZZB sbfothmfhfe prmo`jur` mr a`` (`xo`pt tm omv`r `xp`fs`s), w` skmuij, whtk mur `xp`rths`, vmiuft``r tm ruf tk`hr `v`fts. Hf r`turf w` wmuij e`tf`w g`gl`rs, emmj imobi pulihohty, bfj gbyl` ar`` abohihth`s tm kmij tmurfbg`fts bt, bfj p`rkbps `v`f ibre` omftrhluthmfs tm tk` P_ZZB. ’Zbli` Z ffhs obffmt l` b p`mpi`‘s pbrthohpbthmf spmrt whtkmut p`mpi`.‗ Lmttmg-ihf` qu`sthmf, tkmuek, hs> Kmw gbfy ma tk`s

p`mpi` w` try tm kìp‚amr `xbgpi`, Lmys Oiul piby`rs bfj maahohbis‚whii r`biiy obr` tm nmhftk` P_ZZB= Zk`y kbv`f‘t hf tk` pbst.

’Zkhrj Trmli`g‚Kmw tm Gbc` b Trmaht mf tk` Lbsho MT@F tmurfbg`ft.‗ Zk`Bssmohbthmf f``js tm ’r`vhs` tk` tmurfbg`ft gbfubi‗ tm hfomrpmrbt`, whtk xbgpi`s, prmv`fgmf`y-gbchfe tòkfhqu`s. Zk` Imfe Hsibfj ZZB hf ruffhfe tk`hr Fbthmfbi‘s gbj` b prmaht ma $;44‚lut tk`y kbj b kue` `ftry bfj bism okbre`j $0 amr b Ahfbis Fhekt thoc`t. Hs ht ’prmv`f‗

tkbt tk`y omuij e`t suok bf `ftry, bfj, amr tkbt chfj ma gmf`y, suok bf bujh`fo` bebhf=’Amurtk Trmli`g‚U` F``j _pòtbtmrs & Lhe Gmf`y amr Zmp Tiby`rs bfj Zmp

Trmgmt`rs.‗ Ar`j sbys tkbt tk` spòtbtmr wkm luys b thoc`t ’omftrmis tk` j`sthfy ma Zbli`Z`ffhs.‗ Bfj y`t, k` sbys, w`‘r` fmt obt`rhfe tm khs/k`r f``js, fmt `v`f s`fjhfe mut b



?5<

prmgmthmfbi aiy`r. _pòtbtmrs f``j ’omgamrtbli` s`bts,‗ ’emmj ammj tm `bt‗ UKHI@ tk`ywbtok gbtok`s tkbt br` omfthfubiiy xohthfe, ’ìòtrho somr`lmbrjs tm amiimw tk` bothmf, emmj piby`r hfamrgbthmf, & bpprmprhbt` o`r`gmfh s.‗ Bfy spòtbtmr kbs tm ’l` biimw`j tm rmmt &ok``r whtkmut smg`mf` okbsthshfe khg mf tk` puliho bjjr`ss syst`g.‗ Zk` P_ZZB kbs tm’jàhf` sbfothmf r`quhr`g`fts & pmihoy‗ amr tk` ruffhfe ma hfvhtbthmfbi tmp piby`r v`fts. Ha tk`

P_ZZB jm`s hts nml ma prmgmthmf, ’tk`r` wmf‘t l` tk` f``j mr mppmrtufhty amr fmf-ZZ ermupsSihc` tk` P._.-Okhfb Omgghtt``W tm hft`ra`r`.‗ Jhj tk`y ’hft`ra`r`‗=Ahatk Trmli`g‚Uky Obf‘t Tiby`rs Nmhf tk` Bssmohbthmf, @ft`r @v`fts bt tk`

Zmurfbg`ft= Ar`j lìh`v`s b jbtb-prmo`sshfe `xp`rt omuij gbc` tkhs pmsshli`. ’U` omuijj`vhs` b omgput`r sok`juihfe prmerbg tm s`t up tk` gbtok`s Sbiimwhfe amr b ibst-ghfut`hfor`bs` hf piby`rsW & prhft mut hfjhvhjubi piby`r sok`jui`s b a`w kmurs làmr` tk` stbrt ma tk`tmurfbg`ft.‗ Tr`-sok`jui j piby`r rmuthfe pbtks wmuij l` c`y.

’_hxtk Trmli`g‚Emmj Pgphr`s amr Zmurfbg`fts.‗ ’\`quhr` tkbt rèhst`r`j ugphr`s l` ehv`f prà r`fo` mv`r bii mtk`rs tm `brf tkbt $2 Pgphr`‘s A`` okbre` wk`f tk` piby`r amra`hts ht. ’@v`ftubiiy w` obf `v`f r`quhr` prmp`r jr`ss amr tk`s` ugphr`s.‗ Lut w`r` bqubihah`j ugphr` tm put hf‚wkbt=‚shx kmurs b jby mf omurt, wkbt wmuij l` khs tmtbi

r`guf`rbthmf= Ukbt wmuij gbc` khg wbft tm jm tk` wmrc=’_`v`ftk Trmli`g‚Zk` _tbr \bthfe _yst`g.‗ _tbrs skmuij hfor`bs` boomrjhfe tm tk`

fugl`r ma piby`rs hf tk` tmurfbg`ft. ’Bii MT@F tmurfbg`fts br` MF@ _ZB\ up tm 244 piby`rs.‗ Mv r 244 piby`rs, ZUM _ZB\_3 mv`r <44 piby`rs, ZK\@@ _ZB\_. \èhmfbis stbrtfmt whtk MF@ _ZB\ lut ZUM _ZB\_ amr tk` ahrst 244 piby`rs. Zk` Fbthmfbi‘s stbrts whtkZK\@@ _ZB\_ bfj, shfo` `v`ry bjjhthmfbi 244 limoc ma piby`rs bjjs bfmtk`r _ZB\, b Fbthmfbi‘s ihc` tk` ‘5< Kmastrb, whtk hts 5<4 `ftrh`s, wmuij l` wmrtk 24 _ZB\_. Umw, 24_ZB\_, bf hgpmrtbft tmurfbg`ft, y`s‚lut, shfo` ht‘s b Fbthmfbi‘s, w` bir`bjy cf`w tkbt, sm

jm tk` _ZB\_ g`bf bfytkhfe ìs`= Ht us`j tm l` tkbt tmurfbg`ft stbrs w`r` hgpmrtbfthfjhobtmrs ma pbrthohpbthmf pmhfts amr Umrij Z`bg omfshj`rbthmf, lut fmt bfy gmr`.

’@hektk Trmli`g‚Zmurfbg`fts Jmf‘t E`t \`suits Hf Mf Zhg`.‗ Ukm wbfts tm jm bii

tk` lusy, tkbfci`ss pbp`rwmrc hfvmiv`j hf ruffhfe b tmurfbg`ft whtk b emmj gbfy piby`rs=_miuthmf> pby b qubihah`j p`rsmf (sby, <0o b piby`r= hs tkbt fmuek=) tm ahii mut bii tk` r`quhr`jamrgs, s`fj hf tk` r`suits bfj bf brthoi` tm Zmphos, bfj e`t tk` gmf`y tm tk` P_ZZB tkbt‘s ju`.

’Fhftk Trmli`g‚F``j tm \`mrh`ft P_ZZB \`v`fu`s tm L`fàht Tiby`rsSBpprmprhbtìyW.‗ Hf mrj`r tm biimw `bok P_ZZB g`gl`r tm ’a`ì tkbt k` l`fàhts jhròtiy armgtk` gmf`y k` sp`fjs,‗ r`turfs armg nufhmr `v`fts muekt tm em tm kìp nufhmrs3 r`turfs armgbv`rbe` piby`r bothvhth`s muekt tm em tm kìp bv`rbe` piby`rs3 bfj r`turfs armg tmp piby`r r`v`fu` smuro`s muekt tm em tm kìp tmp piby`rs. U` kbv` l``f ushfe ’f`briy bii tk`jhsor`thmfbry P_ZZB aufjs j`rhv`j armg bv`rbe` piby`rs bfj nufhmrs tm aufj trhps tm tk`

Umrij Zmurfbg`ft ly tk` tmp piby`rs. Ht hs thg` amr tk` tmp piby`rs tm jm tk`hr pbrt.‗ Ukhok hswkbt `xbotiy= Mtk`r tkbf ma omurs` tm em k`r` bfj tk`r`, wmrchfe bt c``phfe up tk`hr ebg`s sm

tkbt tk`y ghekt lrhfe kmfmr tm tk`gsìv`s bfj pi`bsur` tm tkms` wkm wbtok tk`g. Kmw blmut`xkhlhthmfs, g`jhb bpp`brbfo`s bfj hft`rvh`ws= Ar`j sbys tkbt ha ’tk` P_ZZB abhis tm prmgmt`tmp piby`r bothvhth`s wkhok rbhs` r`v`fu` amr tk` Bssmohbthmf, w` whii ims` bii okbfo` tm gbc`tbli` t`ffhs b gbnmr P._. spmrt.‗

Z`ftk Trmli`g‚Ahfbfohbi Hfo`fthv`s Amr Umrc`rs. ’U` f``j tm ahfbfohbiiy omgp`fsbt`tkms` wkm prmgmt` bfj ruf tmurfbg`fts.‗ _hfo` Ar`j bsc`j amr hj`bs blmut kmw tm r`wbrjwmrc`rs, Imu Lmok`fsch‘s suee`sthmf tm tk` @.O. s``g`j bprmpms> tkbt ’tk` P_ZZB suppiy bi`fjhfe aufj amr tkms` hft`r`st`j hf stbrthfe tbli` t`ffhs oiuls wkm jm fmt kbv` bj`qubt`



?5?

aufjhfe tm purokbs` tbli`s. Zk` oiul wmuij gbc` b jmwf pbyg`ft whtk tk` lbibfo` suppih`j ly tk` P_ZZB.‗ Zk` hj`b wbsf‘t pursu`j. Tr`shj`ft Lmeebf, hf immchfe amr kìp armg tk`g`gl`rs, kbj b ’Trmgmt` tk` P_ZZB Ru`sthmffbhr`‗ hf tk` Nuiy-Bue. Zmphos omgpms`j ma twm sòthmfs. Hf tk` ahrst, ’Ukbt Hs Xmur Hft`r`st=‗ k` kbj <; lmx`s amr g`gl`rs tm okòc (’Umrchfe tm e`t b auii-thg` @xòuthv` _òr`tbry‗…‗Kìphfe tm ahfj b P_ZZB k`bjqubrt`rs‗)

bfj hf tk` sòmfj, ’Ukbt Kbv` Xmu @spòhbiiy Zm Maa`r=‗ k` kbj 24 lmx`s amr tk`g tm okòc (’Jm ymu kbv` b Ubtts ihf` mr b lushf`ss tì`pkmf` ar``=‗…’Jm ymu kbv` pmihthobiomftbots=‗). Fmtkhfe guok obg` ma tkhs `htk`r.

Bt tk`hr Bue. 0-1 G``thfe, tk` @.O. butkmrhz`j Jbff`r tm Okbhr b spòhbi omgghtt``’tm stujy tk` `fthr` stbr-rbthfe syst`g bfj sbfothmfhfe a``s amr tmurfbg`fts bs wìi bs oims`jbfj luaa`r tmurfbg`fts bfj r`vh`w tk`hr omgpbthlhihty whtk mur rbfchfe r`quhr`g`fts.‗ Bism bttkbt G``thfe, ’Lmeebf bppmhft`j Nboc Kmwbrj bs spòhbi tmurfbg`ft s`rvho`s amr tmurfbg`ft

spmfsmrs ommrjhfbtmr.‗ Zkhs g`bfs Nboc whii prmvhj` amr tk` spmfsmr, sby, khekiy pbrthouibrhz`jjrbw sk``ts, rbthfe ihsts, b r`pmrt wrht`-up shgpihahobthmf, bfj vbrhmus mtk`r tkhfes, hfoiujhfe b prmo`jur` okòc ihst‚bii tm bsshst khg hf jmhfe khs fò`ssbry ’jmewmrc.‗

Zm bvmhj autur` jmeahekts whtk E`zb Ebzjbe (k`‘j smg`kmw emtt`f tk` hj`b tkbt k`

kbj ’b omftrbotubi rhekt tm xoiushv` prmgmthmfbi rhekts amr tk` 244 ghi` br`b surrmufjhfe F`wXmrc Ohty‗), Gmrt ^bcbrhf gmv`j tkbt b r`bi omftbot f``j`j tm l` wmrc`j mut l`tw``f E`zb

bfj tk` P_ZZB, r`pr`s`ft`j ly ’Lmeebf, Jbv` Omx, bfj ^bcbrhf bfj ibwy`rs armg lmtkshj`s. _bfothmf a``s br` tm l` pbhj hf bjvbfo`. Bii hft`rfbthmfbi piby`rs gust l` ufj`r wrhtt`fomftrbot.‗

Imfe Hsibfj ZZB Tr`shj`ft Jbv` Omx wbs quht` put mutwk`f L`fetssmfbfj Nmkbfssmf

jhjf‘t skmw mf_bturjby Gby 2?amr Jbffy Ebfz‘s

Gby \mocvhiiÒ`ftr` w``c`fjamr Nufhmrs.

Lmeebf bfj^bcbrhf tkmuekttkbt, bt bf Bpr. <;

G``thfe tk`y btt`fj`j, spmc`sp`rsmfs amr tk`_w`j`s kbj gbj` b omgghtg`ft. \uaamrjKbrrhsmf wbs hrrhtbt`j wk`f, tkmuek tk` P_ZZB-

sbfothmf`j Imfe Hsibfj Oims`j wbs l`hfe kìjtk` Gby 28-<2 w``c`fj, _theb kbj spmfsmr`j b

omfaihothfe Arh., Gby 28 L`fetssmf/Nmkbfssmf`xkhlhthmf bfj b purpmrt`j ’P._. vs. _w`j`f‗Gbtok bt Gbjhsmf _qubr` Ebrj`f‘s Aìt Amrug.Zk F.X. Zhg`s abfoh`j b skmt ma Nmkbfssmf

r`turfhfe tk` lbii wkhi` stbfjhfe mf tk` tbli`,wkhok Omx hf b I`tt`r tm tk` Zhg`s @jhtmr sbhjkbj ’blmut bs guok rì`vbfo` bs Brfmij Tbig`r sujj`fiy prmjuohfe bf uglr iib tm piby b okhp skmt.‗

IHZZB Tr`shj`ft Jbv` Omx

Cnìi Nmkbfssmf bt b _theb @xkhlhthmf gbtok hf

Gbjhsmf _qubr` Ebrj`f‘s Aìt AmrugArmg F`w Xmrc Zhg`s/Jmfbij A. Kmiwby



?5:

Zk` P._. piby`rs w`r` @rrmi \`s`c bfj Aubrfbjm \ml`rts wkm‘j smg`kmw gbfbe`j tm e`thftm tk` bothmf. \uaamrj wrmt` b i`tt`r ma wbrfhfe tm @rrmi bfj \mllh` bfj tm tk` _w`jhskBssmohbthmf omgpibhfhfe blmut _theb‘s btthtuj` tkbt wkbt tk`y w`r` spmfsmrhfe bt tk` Ebrj`fwbs fm lushf`ss ma tk` P_ZZB.

Zk` OF@ P._.-Obfbjb Gbtok`s wmuij l` omghfe up smmf, sm fbturbiiy tk` _ìòthmfOmgghtt`` kbj tm omgght htsìa. Zk` G`f‘s Z bg> bs Obptbhf, Lml Cbghfscy3 tk` piby`rs (wk`fJ-N I`` bfj T`t`r Trbjht hfjhobt`j tk`y wmuijf‘t l` emhfe tm Zmrmftm)> Jìi _w``rhs, NmkfZbff`khii, bfj @rrmi \`s`c, whtk E`mre` Lrbtkwbht` bs 2st Bit`rfbt . Zk Umg`f‘s Z bg> bsObptbhf, Xvmff` Crmfibe`3 tk` piby`rs (wk`f Khocs jòihf`j)> Nujy Lmok`fsch, Tbtty Obsk, bfjBiho` Er``f, whtk Mieb _mit`sz bs 2st Bit`rfbt`. Zk` Nufhmr Z`bg> bs Obptbhf, Imu Julhf3 tk` piby`rs> Ehri> Bfeìhtb \msbi, whtk L`v K`ss bs 2st Bit`rfbt` bfj Gurhì _t`rf bs <fj Bit`rfbt`3 Lmys>Tbui \bpkì bfj Ghc` Q hii`tt`, whtk Nmkf Ruhoc bs 2st Bit`rfbt` bfj \hoc \ugli` bs <fj Bit`rfbt`._kmuij bfy ma tk` tkr`` Obptbhfs f``j tm l` r`pibo`j, Ar`j Jbff`r wmuij l` tk` Bit`rfbt`. LmfeGm I`` wbs fbg`j P._. Z bg Ombok amr tk`s` Gbtok`s ’amr b a`` ma $<04‗ (`xp`fs`s hfoiuj`j).

Zbic ma P._. r`pr`s`ftbthmf bt tk` _brbn`vm Umrij‘s lrmuekt tkr`` Gmthmfs armg GbiBfj`rsmf> tm biimw Kbrrhsmf, Lmeebf, bfj \`bj tm l` omfshj`r`j amr HZZA Omgghtt``s. Zk`r`w`r` fm fèbthv` vmt`s. \`bj gbj` b Gmthmf tkbt Erbkbg _t``fkmv`f bism l` omfshj`r`j, luttkhs wbs jà`bt`j> 4-1-<.

Ghi`s, bs k`bj ma tk` _ìòthmf Omgghtt``, bl`tt`j ly Omgghtt``gbf Qho Ibfjbu,mutihf`j (ZZZ , _`pt.-Mot., 285<, 21) tk` f`w prmo`jur` amr jòhjhfe wkbt piby`rs whiir`pr`s`ft us bt tk` 285? _brbn`vm Umrij‘s>

’…(2) Zk` _ìòthmf whii l` lbs`j mf b ròmrj omgphi`j hf mf` ehv`ftmurfbg`ft mfiy‚tk` ahfbi P._. Umrij Zrymuts tkbt whii l` piby`j hf Okhobem, Jò.20-25 Smr, gmr` spòhahobiiy, tkbfcs tm Nmkf \`bj, bt tk` f`brly Uk`ìhfe, Hiihfmhs Khek_okmmi ufj`r tk` spmfsmrskhp ma tk` Gmuft Trmspòt NO‘sW. Bs w` pr`s`ftiy vhsubihz`ht, <: g`f bfj 2< wmg`f whii l` ìhehli` tm omgp`t` hf tk`s` trhbis. Amr lmtk g`f bfjwmg`f smg` gmjhah`j amrg ma _whss _yst`g rmufj rmlhf whii l` us`j tm sìòt tk`

t`bg SIbfjbu kbs l``f t`sthfe ’_whss syst`gs bfj rmufj rmlhfs‗W. Zk` ahv` l`st g`f piby`rs bfj tk` : l`st wmg`f piby`rs whii l` okms`f smi iy mf tk`hr ròmrj hf tk`tmurfbg`ft. Zk`r` whii l` fm `xo`pthmfs, bfj fm pr`vhmus ròmrj whii omuft. Ha b piby`r skmuij ghss tkhs trhbi, rèbrji`ss ma tk` r`bsmf, k`/sk` obffmt gbc` tk` t`bg Stkhshfoiuj`s Fbthmfbi Okbgphmfs J-N I`` bfj U`fjy KhocsW.

(<) Zk` ihehlhihty ma tk` piby`rs amr tkhs ahfbi P._. Z`bg Zrymut whii j`p`fjmf…mf` \èhmfbi Zrymut hf bok ma tk` amiimwhfe \èhmfs> @bst, U`st, bfj O`ftrbi Sushfeguok tk` sbg` amrgbt bs amr tk` Ahfbi ZrymutW….Zk`r` whii fmt l` tk` sbg` fugl`r ma ahfbiqubihah`rs armg bok \èhmf. Zk` fugl`r ma pibo`s ehv`f bok \èhmf whii j`p`fj mf tk`mv`rbii P._. rbthfe bfj/mr rbfchfe ihst Sbfj k`r` \bfchfe Okbhr Lbrj Lr`ff`r whii l`kìpauiW.…‗ SNust wkm whii l` biimw`j tm trymut hf `bok \èhmf kbsf‘t l``f jòhj`j y`t.W

Jhoc breu`s tkbt ’abhrf`ss‗ hs bii-hgpmrtbft, sm khs ahrst nml bs _ìòthmf Okbhr wbs ’hf bs`fs` tm tbc` bwby tk` pmw`r ma tk` _ìòthmf Omgghtt``,‗ bfj hfst`bj gbc` tk` okmho`s’butmgbtho.‗ Fm sulnòthv` bit`rfbt` wbys ma l`hfe put mf, mr `xoiuj`j armg, tk` Z`bg, bsr`bj`rs ma gy pr`vhmus vmiug`s cfmw moourr`j hf tk` pbst, br` fmw pmsshli`. Zkhs thg`, tmm, piby`rs obf‘t r st mf tk`hr iburìs, em smat, lut gust wmrc tm p`bc. Jhoc bism breu`s tkbt tk`_ìòthmf Omgghtt``, tme`tk`r whtk tk` @xòuthv` Omgghtt``, phoc tkr`` mr amur mr gmròbfjhjbt`s amr obptbhfs bfj tk`f i`t `bok t`bg sìòt tk` mf` tk`y abvmr.‗



?50

Okbpt`r Zw`fty-@hekt

285<> Fmrtkw`st Trmli`gs.285<> _ugg`r Zmurfbg`fts.

Kmw tm sìòt tk` P._. UmrijZ`bg wbs fmt tk` mfiy ’Z`bg‗ gbtt`r tkbt tk` P_ZZB wbs abo`j whtk. Hf285<, b _`btti` lushf`ssgbf fbg`jUhfjsmr Mismf wbs tryhfe tm amrg b Fbthmfbi Zbli` Z ffhs I`beu` whtk bf`y` tmwbrj b Trma`sshmfbi Ohrouht. K`‘j`stblihsk`j twm t`bgs‚tk` _`btti`_moc`y`s, gbfbe`j ly Mismf, bfj tk`Tmrtibfj T`feuhfs, gbfbe`j ly @rfh`Gbttsmf. Uk`f tk` ahrst gbtok l`tw``ftk`s` twm t`bgs tmmc pibo` hf Gby hfQbfomuv`r, _`btti`‘s Zmg \utthfe`r,\ml \ml`rts, bfj Nm` I`` 0-< jà`bt`j Tmrtibfj‘s Jbffy Gbttsmf (@rfh`‘s smf) bfj _t`v`L`rihf`r, bfj ’eu`st‗ piby`r Nmkf Zbff`khii wkm wbs b surprhs` ims`r tm \utthfe`r.

Obfbjhbf ZZB Tr`shj`ft Brt Lbrrmf, hf b Gby <8, 285< i`tt`r tm P_ZZB Hft`rfbthmfbiOkbhr \uaamrj Kbrrhsmf, sbhj k`‘j btt`fj`j tkhs gbtok, kìj bt tk` R@ Tibykmus` hf Qbfomuv`r,bfj tkbt ht wbs ’wìi stbe`j bfj wìi rò`hv`j ly b sgbii bujh`fo`.‗ Mf qu`sthmfhfe b piby`r prhvbtìy ’blmut ahfbfohbi brrbfe`g`fts,‗ k` amufj tkbt tk`y ’bpp`br tm l` ièhthgbt`.‗ _m, fm prmli`g‚`xo pt Mismf jm`sf‘t wbft nust P._. piby`rs, k` wbfts tk` Zbhwbf`s`.

Lboc hf _`pt./Mot., 2852, tk` \`v. Obri GoHftyr` kbj lrmuekt b ermup ma Okrhsthbf\`puliho ma Okhfb piby`rs tm tk` _tbt`s bfj kmp`j tm piby b gbtok whtk imobis bt Tmrtibfj‘sGbjhsmf Khek. Kmw`v`r, ht wbs gbj` oi`br tk`f tkbt, lòbus` Zbhwbf wbs fmt b g`gl`r ma

tk` HZZA, HZZA-g`gl`r-omuftrh`s, ròmefhzhfe Zk` T`mpi`‘s \`puliho ma Okhfb bs tk`r`pr`s`ftbthv` ma Okhfb, w`r` fmt biimw`j tm piby bebhfst tk` Zbhwbf`s`, ìs` kbv` tk`hr HZZAstbtus `fjbfe`r`j. Fmw, wk`f H, bs P_ZZB Tr`shj`ft, k`brj tkbt Mismf wbft`j tm lhii khs ?-gbf _`btti`-lbs`j t`bg bs tk` ’P._.‗ vs. tk` \`puliho ma Okhfb hf ’b wmrij okbgphmfskhpgbtok,‗ H hssu`j b wbrfhfe hf tk` _`pt.-Mot., 285< Zmphos tkbt ha P._. piby`rs ber``j tm piby hfsuok b gbtok, tk`y rhsc`j hgg`jhbt` susp`fshmf (2;).

Mf tkbt sbg` Zmphos pbe`, Okrhs J`p`` bfj \mf Qhfo`ft r`pmrt`j mf b sòmfj Mismf/Gbttsmf-prmgmt`j gbtok piby`j Nuiy ; ’hf tk` spbohmus xkhlhthmf kbii ma tk` TmrtibfjG`gmrhbi Omihsùg.‗ Zkhs thg` bebhfst _`btti`, Tmrtibfj ahìj`j Gbttsmf bfj Obri Omi`, bfj’eu`st‗ piby`r @rwhf Ci`hf. Zk` amrgbt wbs l`st 0 ma 8 gbtok`s, lut, lòbus` spòtbtmrs ghektfmt wbft prmimfe`j piby, tk` whff`r ma `bok gbtok wbs jòhj`j ly mf` ebg`‚fmt tm <2 lut

tm ?2. Bebhf tk` btt`fjbfo` wbs jhsbppmhfthfe. Limoc`r/khtt`r \utthfe`r libst`j tkrmuek Omi`,bfj I`` tmmc Gbttsmf. Lut \ml`rts, ’tk` l`st immp`r hf tk` Fmrtkw`st,‗ aìi vhothg tm Ci`hf‘s’sgmmtk, s``ghfeiy simw strmc`s‗ wkhok y`t biimw`j khg ’tm tbc` tk` maa`fs` bt tk` ahrstmppmrtufhty.‗ Zkbt gbj` tk` th`> _moc`y`s <, T`feuhfs 2.

\utthfe`r tk`f jmwf`j Gbttsmf, bfj, surprhs`, Ci`hf nust emt ly I`` ?<-?4. Uk`fOmi` ups`t \ml`rts ly ’khtthfe s`rv`s, bfj hfst`bj ma limochfe immps maa tk` `fj, strmc`j tk`gtkrmuek fhoìy,‗ tk` th` wbs th`j ?-?. Zk`r` amiimw`j tk` immc`j-amrwbrj-tm \utthfe`r-Ci`hfgbtok, wkhok wbs oims` bii tk` wby. K`r`‘s tk` omv`rbe`>

Zmg \utthfe`r> l`bt Zbff`khii




?51

’Bt <4-bii, Zmg kht b amr`kbfj wkhok kht tk` f`t bfj trhoci`j mv`r. Ci`hf, ruskhfe hf,tmss`j khs pbjji`, wkhok kht tk` lbii bfj emt ht mv`r tk` f`t. Bs @rwhf wbs j`sp`rbtìy erbllhfeamr khs pbjji`, Zmg pusk`j hftm tk` f`t. S_urìy tkhs pmhft skmuij fmt kbv` l``f ehv`f tm@rwhf, amr tk` rboc`t kbj tm l` hf khs kbfj. …Zk` `fj-ebg`, tmm, omfthfu`j tm l` oims`.W UhtkCi`hf jmwf ly mf`, <8-?4, Zmg kht mf` ma khs bfei`j lbockbfj aihocs bfj Ci`hf wbs mlihe`j tm

iufe` j`sp`rbtìy bt tk` lbii hf mrj`r tm okmp ht lboc. Uhtk @rwhf abr mut ma pmshthmf, Zmg mfo`bebhf pusk`j hftm tk` f`t. @rwhf quhociy omiiòt`j tk` f`xt twm pmhfts….‗

Zkbt put Tmrtibfj up :-?. Bfj smmf ht wbs 0-?, amr bebhfst I``, ’Omi`, wkm kbj `brih`r hf tk` jby wmf $?44 hf b prm-bg emia tmurfbg`ft, omuij jm fm wrmfe.‗

Mismf, kmphfe tm lmmst btt`fjbfo`, jhj piby khs _moc`y`s bebhfst b Zbhwbf t`bg, bfj H,hf omfsuitbthmf whtk mtk`rs, bfj, bat`r bebhf wbrfhfe tk` piby`rs fmt tm piby wk`tk`r tk`y kbj b

omftrbot mr fmt, jhj hgg`jhbtìy susp`fj \utthfe`r, \ml`rts bfj I``. Zkhs bothmf (ZZZ , Fmv.-Jò., 285<, 21) jr`w skbrp orhthohsg armg imobi piby`r Obri I`krkmaa>

’Zm tk` @jhtmr>

Zhg Lmeebf bfj Omgpbfy‘s kbfjihfe ma tk` ar`` Okhfb t`bg‘s tmur hf tk` P._. s`tsb f`w khek hf sgbii-ghfj`j skmrt-shekt`jf`ss wkhok hs stbee`rhfe v`f wk`f pibo`j bebhfst

tk` lbocermufj ma tk` mltus` jm-fmtkhfef`ss trbjhthmfbiiy jhspiby`j ly P_ZZB maahohbis.…SAhfbiiyW smg`mf` ìs` em`s mut mf b ihgl tm prmgmt` tk` spmrt. K` ebhfs tk`

lbochfe ma omggufhty bfj lushf ss i`bj`rs hf tk` hft r sts ma tbli` t`ffhs. K` trh s tm amrgt`bgs hf jhaa`r`ft pbrts ma tk` omuftry. K` lrhfes piby`rs armg blrmbj. SUkm=W K` puts mfwìi-bjv`rths`j gbtok`s. Kmw jm`s tk` P._. bsshst hf tkhs fj`bvmr= Ly hgg`jhbtìysusp`fjhfe tk` P._. piby`rs hfvmiv`j bfj suee`sthfe b lmyomtt ma tk` gbtok`s.

…Zk`y w`r`f‘t ehv`f b r`prhgbfj mr smg` tmc`f jhsohpihfbry bothmf, lut w`r`susp`fj`j. Bfj susp`fj`j jurhfe tk` orhthobi p`rhmj ma tk` wmrij t`bg trymuts bfj tk` P._.t`bg okbgphmfskhps….

Ha tkhs i`tt`r smufjs b trhai` lhtt`r, ht‘s lòbus` H wbs jugl fmuek tm kbv` lìh`v`jLmeebf t. bi. wk`f tk`y oibhg`j tkbt tkhfeswmuij l` jhaa`r`ft wk`f tk`y emt hftm maaho`. Fm

gmr` p`tthf`ss bfj abothmfbi squbllihfe.@v`rylmjy wmuij wmrc tme`tk`r bfj jmsmg`tkhfe tm prmgmt` tk` spmrt. Uìi, ly Emj,tk`y ahfbiiy jhj smg`tkhfe.‗

G`bfwkhi`, _`btti`‘s hfj`p`fj`ft-ghfj`j

Jr. Ghokbì _omtt rbf tk` 2<-tbli` Bue. 0-1_`btti` _`babhr tmurfbg`ft bt tk` _`btti`

Pfhv`rshty Btki`tho Omgpi`x. Zmphos omv`rbe`wbs ly \bokì Biihsmf, _òr`tbry ma Jr._omtt‘s Ubskhfetmf _tbt` ZZB, wkm‘j `brih`r kuri`j lbrls bt Imu Lmok`fsch. Mf` tkhfe tkbt

kbj tm kbv` lmtk`r`j Gs. Biihsmf wbs tkbtImu tmmc tm tbsc spmfsmrs ma sbfothmf`jtmurfbg`fts wkm jhjf‘t r`quhr` `ftrh`s tmkbv` auii P_ZZB g`gl`rskhps bfj sm biimw`j

Jr. Ghokbì _omtt HH>

omuijf‘t l` gmr` r`putbli`Tkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



?55

piby`rs whtk oiul g`gl`rskhps tm piby. _k` kmp`j tk` Bssmohbthmfwmuijf‘t okbfe` tk` rui`s, pr`sugbliy lòbus` b er`bt gbfy hf k`r 244-strmfe oiul w`r` oiul g`gl`rs mfiy. Obfbjhbf Tr`shj`ft Lbrrmfokòc`j mut f`womg`r _omtt (’b r`putbli` j`rgbtmimehst‗*), bfj hfkhs i`tt`r tm Kbrrhsmf sbys tkbt tk`r`‘s ’stbtho‗ l`tw``f Imu bfj

Ghokbì lòbus` ’Jr. _omtt sok`jui`j bf `v`ft wkhok, Imu aìt, wmuijj`trbot `ftrh`s armg khs Tbohaho Fmrtkw`st Mp`f.‗ Lmtk, sbys Lbrrmf,fmw s``g tm abvmr gutubi ommp`rbthmf.

H gust bjj tkbt mfiy rò`ftiy Zyrb Tbrchfs, wkm imfe bem wbs prhvy tm tkhs Fmrtkw`st ’stbtho, tmij g` tkbt y`br bat`r y`br b a`whfjhvhjubis bssmohbt`j fmt whtk Lmok`fsch‘s @ue`f` Oiul lut whtk ’bTmrtibfj-lbs j tbli` t`ffhs oiul trh`j tm ufj`rghf` mur S_`btti`

Ubskhfetmf _tbt`W tmurfbg`fts.‗ Zyrb sbhj tk`y‘j ’ahfj mut mur jbt`sbfj rmuthfìy sok`jui` tmurfbg`fts mf tk` sbg` jbt`.‗ Abhr wbrabr`=X`s, bfj fm=

_`babhr r`suits> Mp`f> _khf Xmskhjb (Cml`, Nbpbf)

mut-bttboc`j \utthfe`r tm whf tk` G`f‘s. Umg`f‘s>Qbfomuv`r‘s I`sih` Ubrj mv`r Ih`sìmtt` Màf`r, r`pmrt`jiy

b amrg`r g`gl`r ma tk` U`st E`rgbf Z`bg. _`fhmr‘s>_omtt, whtk ’khs quhoc rài`x`s bfj oims`-tm-tk`-tbli`-piby‗mv`r Qbfomuv`r‘s Arbfc Cbrhcb, 28 hf tk` 0tk. Ghokbì, bsJhròtmr, r`pibo`j tk` usubiiy vbeu` B, L, O, `to.oibsshahobthmfs whtk mf`s lbs`j mf Nàa Curtz‘s `stblihsk`j Fmrtkw`st \bthfes. Oibss H (2804 bfj lìmw)> T`t`r Nm`

mv`r Brt _okuaa. Oibss HH (2504 bfj lìmw)> Nbpbf‘s XuchXbgbjb mv`r _`btti`‘s Okbrih` Ihfe. Oibss HHH (2044 bfj lìmw)> Emrjmf Abvìi mv`r E`mre` _t abfhsshf.

Lbrj Lr`ff`r, r`pmrthfe mf tk` Bue. 28-<4 _bftbGmfhob _pmrts bfj Brts A`sthvbi Zmurfbg`ft (ZZZ , Fmv.-

Jò., 285<, 25), quhociy pmhfts mut tkbt tkhs y`br tk`r`‘s b skmw`r rmmg, tkmuek kmpàuiiy fmt

bii 204 `ftrbfts whii us` ht. Nmmfe Ehi Tbrc kbj wmf tk` `brih`r sugg`r tmurfbg`fts bt _bftbLbrlbrb bfj Kufthfetmf L`bok. Fmw k` tmmc tkhs mf` bs wìi‚mv`r Zkmg, \bpkì, Euhii`f.L`st gbtok`s w`r` hf tk` qubrt`r‘s> Lhii Pcbpbtbybsbcui, b amrg`r g`gl`r ma tk` Zkbh Fbthmfbi Z`bg, tk`hr `x-Fbthmfbi Jmuli`sOkbgphmf, bfj mfo` b _hfei`s ahfbihst, kht tkrmuek Nboc Kmwbrj, kht hf`v`f smg` ma Nboc‘s sup`r-immps, tm whf hf 03 bfj Tbui \bpkì, bism b

whff`r hf tk` 0tk, jmwf`j J`fhs M‘Omffìi wkmg Lbrj sbys ’khtok-khc`j armg Ims Bfeì`s tm Ghff`bpmihs Samr tk` Nuf` Jhsf`y OibsshoW

tm ups`t tk` Fhe`rhbf #2, Ubhjh Jbwmju, bfj whf $244.‗Mtk`r whff`rs> Umg`f‘s> Cbr`f L`rihf`r, wkm‘j twho` imst tm

K`btk`r Bfeìhf`ttb hf tkms` `brih`r sugg`r tmurfbg`fts, wmf k`r` hf_bftb Gmfhob, lut ht wbs b pyrrkho vhotmry, amr Trhsohiib Tbrc`r

jàbuit`j tk` ahfbi. G`f‘s Jmuli`s> Nàa Gbsmf/\hokbrj Z`rry mv`r Tbrc/Hokhrm Kbskhgmtm, 28 hf tk` 0tk hf tk` s`gh‘s bfj Ghftshv`rhs/Pcbpbtbybsbcui hf 0 hf tk` ahfbi. Ghx`j Jmuli`s> \bpkì/Cbr`fL`rihf`r mv`r Euhii`f/Tbt Ormwi`y, -22, 20, -2:, <<, 28. G`f‘s B‘s>

Zyrb Tbrchfs

Cbr`f L`rihf`r,

_bftb Gmfhob Uhff`rTkmtm ly Jmf Euff

T`t`r Nm`Tkmtm ly Lhii

Gbri`fs



?5;

_mutk Barhobf trbfspibft Nmfbtkbf Jmrabf mv`r Lhii Ebrr`tt.Umg`f‘s B‘s> Gurhì @jwbrjs mv`r Nm` F`webrj`f‘s shst`r Tèey hf tk` s`gh‘s bfj Nboc Kmwbrj‘s oims` arh`fj, Lmffh`Nmkfsmf hf tk` ahfbi. L‘s> Z`rbhskh mv`r Gbrkàcb. O‘s>Uhismf Uu mv`r Ghc` Z`gpi`tmf hf 0. B Jmuli`s> Gbrc

JbQ``/Nm` _bfok`z mv`r \hokbrj GoGhiibf//JmueKmlsmf. L Jmuli`s> _bfok`z/_t`v` \`kg mv`r Cbwbgmtm/Z`rbhskh. O/J Jmuli`s> J`bf Ebibrjh/_bfjy Iòkthoc mv`r Nmkf Kmrfhfe/\`kg wk`f hf tk` :tk Kmrfhfe wbic`j maa omurt. _`fhmr‘s> Jbffy Lbfbok mv`r \uss Zkmgpsmf hf 0.Pfj`r 25> \bpkì mv`r Zkmg, 28 hf tk` 0tk. Pfj`r 20>Lbrhsk mv`r J`bf Ebibrjh. Pfj`r 2?/Pfj`r 22> 8-y`br-mij

Nm` Fbpmi`s mv`r Z`rry Blsk`r.Ht wbs

tk` omij`stIblmr Jby

w``c`fj hfBgbrhiim, Z`xbs shfo` 2848‚01 jèr``s. Lut ma

omurs` tk`hr Oiul‘s ahrst 1-gbf Z`bg Zmurfbg`ftwbsf‘t l`hfe piby`j mutjmmrs. _bf Bftmfhm (NmkfZmgihfsmf, Nm` Ougghfes, Tbui I`Libfo, ZmggyQbìim, N.O. Z`fby, bfj Jmf U``gs) tmmc 2st Tibo`hf tk` B‘s‚mv`r <fj Tibo` Jbiibs (Nmkf GoBjbgs,Jbf \mjrheu`z, \.O. Ubtchfs, Obtrhfs Bjmg`,

\by Nmkfsmf, bfj Bibf Tuis). Mutstbfjhfe B piby`r> Zmgihfsmf, 2:-2 (imss tm Jbf \mjrheu`z).\uff`r-up> Nmkf GoBjbgs (whtk mf` imss tm

Zmgihfsmf). Mutstbfjhfe L piby`r> I`Libfo (fmimss`s). \uff`r-up> Ougghfes. Mutstbfjhfe O piby`r> Z`fby (fm imss`s). \uff`r-up> U``gs (mf`

imss tm Oibrc Fhokmii). B Jmuli`s> Zmgihfsmf/Ougghfes mv`r GoBjbgs/\mjrheu`z. L Jmuli`s> F`w G`xhom‘s Imfeghr`/\`yfmijs mv`r Qbii`m/I`Libfo.

Qhfo` Cmimsch ehv`s us omv`rbe` (ZZZ , _`pt.-Mot., 285<, <<) ma tk` Ghff`bpmihs ZwhfOhty Mp`f wk`r` hf tk` ?<-`ftry G`f‘s (tk`hr ibre`st jrbw `v`r) piby o`ft`r`j mf twm :-gbfrmufj rmlhfs. Hf rmufj rmlhf #2, Z`j Eihsc` wbs tk` mfiy uf`xpòt`j bjvbfo`r. Zkmuek k`

kbjf‘t piby`j hf blmut 2; gmftks, ’k` us`j khs 5-y`br-mij Nmkffy I`bok lbt (whtk tk` mrhehfbirull`r fm i`ss) bfj quhoc kbfjs‗ tm ups`t #5 s``j \by Gmshm. Zkr``-thg` Hrbfhbf Fbthmfbi

Okbgphmf Kmuskbfe Lmzmrezbj`k `bshiy obg` 2st

hf tk` Ermup, bfj Ghff`smtb _tbt` OkbgpJmue Gbjby tmmc tk` mtk`r ormssmv`r spmt armg Eihsc` bfj Jmf Ibrsmf.

Kmuskbfe, wkm‘j l``f b qubrt`rahfbihst hf tk` 2810 P._. Mp`f, kbj nust r`turf`j tm tk`_tbt`s bat`r bf mlihebtmry 1-y`br omftrbot whtk tk` Hrbfhbf emv`rfg`ft. _hfo` khs `brih`r stujh`s

hf tk` P._. w`r` tm kbv` l`fàht`j khs fbthv` omuftry, k`‘j r`turf`j tm t`bok pkys. `j. bt tk`Z`k`rbf Bg`rhobf _okmmi, tm l` Zòkfhobi Bjvhsmr tm tk` Hrbfhbf Ghfhst`r ma Tkyshobi@juobthmf bfj Ouitur`, bfj, bs w`‘v` s``f, tm omfthfu` bs Tiby`r/Ombok ma tk` Hrbfhbf Fbthmfbi Zbli` Z`ffhs Z`bg.

_bfjy Iòkthoc>

jmuli`s whff`r bt _bftb Gmfhob

Nmkf ZmgihfsmfArmg ZZ Pfihght`j (Omurt`sy ma _u` _bre`ft)



?58

Nust wkbt Kmuskbfe j`gbfj`j ma khsokbre`s hf tk` wby ma `y`, kbfj, bfj ammt`x`rohs`s fm jmult j`p`fj`j mf tk`hr rìbthv`schii i`vì, lut k` mfo` tmij g` blmut ombok`sk`‘j cfmwf wkm‘j ure`j tk`hr whf-kufery

piby`rs tm c``p tkrmwhfe p`bfuts mr ihtti` phò`sma obfjy up hf tk` bhr. Zk` hj`b, ma omurs`, wbsamr tk` piby`r tm obtok tk`g omghfe jmwf, hf khs/k`r gmutk‚amr kbfj/`y` ommrjhfbthmf. ’Mf`Hrbfhbf,‗ sbhj Kmuskbfe whtk b twhfci`, ’wbs smemmj‚kmf`stiy‚k` wbs ihc` b jme. K` omuij`v`f obtok bf bppi` hf khs gmutk.‗ K`r`

Kmuskbfe tmmc b ihtti` nugp, immc`j up bfjermwi`j. ’@v`ry Bg`rhobf wmuij ims` tm khg,‗k` sbhj bs H stbrt`j tm ibuek. ’Xmu try tm obtok bfbppi` bfj ymu‘j s``‚ymu‘j lr`bc ymur fms`.‗

Zk`r` wbs bism b twm-st`p, mr b amur-st`p`x`rohs` tkbt mf` jhj mf b stbhrwby. Pp whtk tk`

iàt ammt, tk`f jmwf whtk tk` iàt wkhi` up whtktk` rhekt, tk`f up mr jmwf iàt, up mr jmwf rhekt, lbocwbrjs bfj amrwbrjs‚y`bk, H kbv`f‘t emt htquht` rhekt k`r`, lut ht jm`sf‘t gbtt`r sm imfe bsymu lìh`v`, bs Kmuskbfe bfj H jm, tkbt fmlmjyomuij c``p tkhs up amr gmr` tkbf 24 ghfut`s‚

khs iès nust wmuijf‘t gmv` bat`r b wkhi`.Hf rmufj rmlhf #<, Bchkhtm Fbcbgurb

obg` 2st, whtk Okbrih` Jhsf`y tbchfe tk`

ormssmv`r spmt armg Bibf Emijst`hf bfj Ubyf`\hokt`r. Cmimsch sbys Bch wbs hf tk` P._. ’mf bimfe lushf`ss trhp whtk Pfhvbo, kbjf‘t piby`j

shfo` khs omiiè` jbys wk`f tk` t`bg k` piby`jmf obg` hf 24tk hf Zmcym. K` us`j tm pibyskbc`kbfjs jà`fs` lut swhtok`j tm p`fkmij`r bttboc lòbus` k` sbhj k` wbs tmm simw. K` kbs `xoìi`ft s`rv`s…emmj ammtwmrc bfj sp``j,bfj obf bttboc nust blmut bfy lbii.‗

Hf ormssmv`r gbtok`s, Lmzmrezbj`k stmpp`j Jhsf`y, bfj Bch jhj tk` sbg` tm Gbjby

wkm obg` ?rj. Cmimsch sp`bcs ma Kmuskbfe‘s ebg` bs l`hfe nust tmm strmfe amr Fbcbgurb,bfj r`ghfjs us ma tk` Hrbfhbf‘s khekiy hfjhvhjubi styi`. ’Kmuskbfe us`s b kbrj Lbrfb lbt bfj

pibys b oims` tm tk` tbli` okmp-limoc ebg` whtk bf moobshmfbi amr`kbfj aihoc mr omuft r. K` hsv`ry quhoc bfj hs bli` tm vbry bfj jhseuhs` khs sphfs quht` wìi.‗

Zkmuek Omii``f Gmshm, tk` #2 Umg`f‘s s``j, kbjf‘t piby`j amr tkr`` gmftks, sk` wbsbli` tm strbhekt-ebg` tbc` tk` thti` armg amrg`r Ghff`smtb Nufhmr Ehris Okbgphmf J`lly Kmii`

wkm‘j ihghfbt`j kbrj lbt piby`r Nbf`t Nbg`hsmf, 20, <4. Zk` ahfbi wbs bf ’bii mut khtthfe bfjomuft`rjrhvhfe gbtok‗ tkbt phtt`j okbii`fe`r J`lly‘s oims` tm tk` tbli` kht bfj limoc ebg`bebhfst Omii``f‘s maa tk` tbli` omuft`rs bfj chiis‚whtk tk` v`t`rbf whffhfe mut. Mp`f Jmuli`sw`ft tm Fbcbgurb/Ibrsmf (Jmf libsthfe lbii bat`r lbii) mv`r _tbt` Okbgps Jhsf`y/Emijst`hf.

Obfjy= T`bfuts=

Kmuskbfe sbys pmpomrf whii jm amr MiebTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



?;4

Ghx`j whff`rs w`r`_tu _hfychf/Nbg`hsmfmv`r Jmue/Tbg Gbjbywkm‘j emtt`f lyIbrsmf/Kmii` jùo` hf

tk` ?

rj

wk`f Tbg’chii`j b khek okmpr`turf ma mf` ma Jmue‘simmps (wkhi` Jmueyìi`j ‛Tusk ht!‘).‗ Fmvho` (=) Jmuli`s>Nmkf _mj`rl`re/ _t`v`

_t`liby mv`r N`rry_mj`rl`re/T`t`Zìiè`f.

Mtk`r r`suits> B‘s> _tu

_hfychf whtk ’khs v`ry kbrj, v`ry aibtamr`kbfj chii,‗ wmf mut, 28 hf tk` :tk,

mv`r lrmtk`r \hok ’wkm rò`ftiy okbfe`jarmg l`hfe b sup`r-sphf bttbochfe piby`r tm bf bfth-tmpsphf jà`fj`r.‗ Umg`f‘s Fmvho`> Kmii` mv`r _k`hib M‘Jmuek`rty.L‘s> N`rry _mj`rl`re, pibyhfe whtk b’phgpi`j Z`gp`st pbjji`,‗ cfmoc`j mut

khs lrmtk`r Nmkf hf b tmuek ?-ebg`s`gh‘s gbtok, tk`f wmf bf `bsy ahfbiarmg _t`liby wkm, bat`r l`hfe ups`t hf

tk` Nufhmr‘s ly Nàa Ahsc`r, kbj lrmc`fkhs $24.44 rboc`t. O‘s> _t`v` _trbuss‘s’s`rv`, immp bfj sw`br ebg` pr`vbhi`j,

p`rkbps mf tk` str`fetk ma khshfvmobthmfs tm tk` j`hty.‗ Ahrst k` l`bt Q.Gmkbf wkm, jmwf 20-<4 hf tk` ?rj,obg` lboc tm 28-<4, mfiy tm ims` tm bthgìy je`3 tk`f hf tk` ahfbi k` prmv`jtmm strmfe amr Zìiè`f‘s ’pusk, limoc

bfj kht ebg`.‗ J‘s> Kmrst Cfurb, bat`r tbchfe b <5-<0 hf tk` ?rj s`gh‘s armg _omtt Omi`swmrtky, jmwf`j Erè \uffhfe hf tk` ahfbi.

@‘s> Ghc` Fmreìbs, mf r`turfhfe armg b Nuf` 0-24 Jìi _w``rhs trbhfhfe obgp, kbj tmm guokamr Okuoc Lòc`r. (Zm btt`fj Jìi‘s Ummjibfj O`ft`r obgp hf Erbfj \bphjs, Ghc` pbhj$00‚wkhok fthti`j khg tm ’gmtì, 1 jbhiy kmurs ma ombokhfe, bfj ftry tm omrr`spmfjhfetmurfbg`ft.‗ Ubft tm shef up= Zk`r`‘s bf Bueust mf`.)

_thii mtk`r r`suits> _`fhmr‘s> Emijst`hf hf b j`lut whf mv`r Nmkf Khfj`. Nufhmr Lmys>Nmkf _mj`rl`re mv`r Zìiè`f wkm‘s l``f pibyhfe mfiy ; gmftks. Nufhmr Ehris> M‘Jmuek`rtymv`r Nujy K`hokbrt. (_k`hib‘s l``f pibyhfe 0 gmftks fmw, ’prbotho`s < bfj smg`thg`s ? fhektsb w``c.‗) Nufhmr Jmuli`s> _t liby/Nmkf _mj`rl`re mv`r tk`hr ymufe`r lrmtk`rs, Fhoc _t`liby/

_tu _hfychf T`t` Z iiè`fTkmtm ly \hokbrj Mis`f

N`rry _mj`rl`reTkmtm ly Ebry @iwìi

_k`hib M‘Jmuek`rtyTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



?;2

Nàa _mj`rl`re. Pfj`r 20‘s> Nmkf _mj`rl`re mv`r _kbuf Ghii`r wkm bt kmg` hf Abrem kbs mfiyb rmlmt tm prbotho` whtk. Pfj`r 2?> K`rl K`hokbrt‚whtk ups`t whfs mv`r tk` twm s``js, Nàa _mj`rl`re bfj Erè Gmshm.

Zk` $?,444 Zkr`` \hv`rs A`sthvbi, piby`j Nuiy ;-8 bt Amrt Ubyf`, HF, wbs ruf mf <4tbli`s ly tk` _w``rhs`s whtk imobi kìp. Omv`rhfe wrht`r Nàa _gbrt (ZZZ , Nuiy-Bue., 285<, 23

<?) pmhft`j mut tkbt bii ’G`f‘s 2/;

tk

‘s gbtok`s w`r` piby`j HFJHQHJPBIIX hf tk` o`ft`r br`fb.‗ Kmw`v`r, 1 ma tk` ; iboc`j jrbgb> J`r`c Ubii mv`r Nhg Jhxmf, ?-23 Trbjht mv`r Luch`t, ?-43 \`s`c mv`r Ihg Ghfe Okuh, ?-4, J-N I`` mv`r Lhii I`sf`r, ?-43 ’I`s‗ Kbsibgmv`r Obfbjb‘s T`t`r Emfjb, ?-43 _w``rhs mv`r Ibrry _u, ?-4.

_gbrt bppbr`ftiy jhjf‘t s`` Ob`tbfm‘s ?-2 (<<, -2;,<4, 28) whf mv`r Zbff`khii. Lut k` jm`s r`pmrt mfLrbtkwbht`‘s gbtok bebhfst ’@jjh`‗ Gb wkmg Nàa vh`ws bs

tk` Kmfe Cmfe Okbgphmf bfj tkbt sbg` Gb Iufe _bfe wkm l`bt J-N hf _wbytkihfe Oup piby bt Fbemyb. E`mre` obgàrmg <-2 jmwf tm i`bj 28-8, <4-2: hf tk` 0tk. Lut Gb put mf bsup`r-rbiiy tm jùo` ht. Mfiy tm em bj jmwf, bj jmwf, bj

jmwf bfj mut ’wk`f E`mre` thoc`j tk` f`t tm amro` b sihektiyw`bc r`turf bfj amiimw`j ly putthfe tk` lbii SbwbyW‗ amr tk`

gbtok.Zk` ; r`gbhfhfe piby`rs w`r` jhvhj`j hftm twm rmufj

rmlhfs. Hf mf` w`r` I``, _w``rhs, Lrbtkwbht` bfj Ubii.Bebhfst Zk` Okhà, Jìi, j`spht` l`hfe jmwf <4-2: hf tk` 2st,bigmst wmf ? strbhekt3 k` imst tkbt ahrst ebg` bt 28, tk`f wmftwm ebg`s bt 28. Hf tk` :tk, Jìi trh`j tm omfthfu` ’tm gmv`

E`mre` mut tm khs `xtr`g` amr`kbfj, tk`f omuft`r tm khs lbockbfj,‗ lut E`mre` gbfbe`j tm e`t bf bttboc emhfe, i`j2<-:, bfj mf tk`y w`ft hftm tk` 0tk. ’_`v`rbi thg`s Jìi sbv`j

pmhfts whtk abftbstho imls bfj sgbsk`s armg tk` lbrrh`rs, lutE`mre` stby`j 2<-2: oims` ly chiihfe tk` lbii rbtk`r tkbfsphffhfe ht. Zk`f Jìi puii`j bwby, wbs up 2;-2:, lut E`mre`

oims`j tm 2;-253 tk`f Jìi puii`j bwby bebhf tm i`bj <4-25trhpi`-gbtok-pmhft, lut E`mre` oims`j tm jùo`. ’Fmw Jìis`rv`s tmm j``p, limocs E`mre`‘s immp khek, bfj E`mreòmghfe hf tm chii thocs tk` f`t bfj nust ghss`s tk` `je`.‗ Zk`f,’amiimwhfe b imfe `xokbfe` ma omuft`rs, Lrbtkwbht`‘s lbockbfj em`s imfe.‗ E`mre` hs b emmjspmrt, omg`s rmufj bfj ehv`s Jìi ’b omferbtuibtmry kue.‗

Ibt`r, tkmuek E`mre` whii ims` tkr`` strbhekt tm J-N, k` `fjs up hf bfmtk`r jùo` hf tk`0tk gbtok‚tkhs thg` whtk Ubii, bfj tkhs thg` k`‘s vhotmrhmus. Kmw`v`r, ’Ubii‘s `v`r-okbfehfe

sphfs armg khs bfth-tmpsphf rboc`t‗ jm`s hf Jìi. _gbrt hf khs wrht`-up fmt`s tkbt I`` lihtz`s lmtk Lrbtkwbht` bfj _w``rhs, bfj ht gby l` tkbt Ubii jm`sf‘t `v`f piby J-N. Bt bfy `v`ft, bsI`` gmv`s tm tk` ahfbi, `bok ma khs mppmf`fts kbs b 2-< ròmrj, bfj Nàa sbys tk` ’<fj, ?rj, bfj:tk piby`rs hf bok rmufj rmlhf jòhj`j tm spiht tk`hr prhz`s rbtk`r tkbf piby maa.‗

Hf tk` mtk`r rmufj rmlhf w`r` Kbsibg, Trbjht, Ob`tbfm, bfj \`s`c. Zk` Ob`tbfm-Trbjhtgbtok hs smg`tkhfe ma b surprhs` lòbus`, tkmuek amr tk` ahrst twm ebg`s T`t`r‘s ’sup`r quhoc limocs bfj khts‗ pr v`ft @rrmi armg ushfe khs ’pmw`raui immps bfj chiis armg lmtk whfes,‗ ht‘sOb`tbfm wkm‘ii whf tkhs gbtok hf 0. Hf tk` ?rj, ’Tr`t`fjhfe tm nmc` bfj piby i`ss s`rhmusiy,

’@jjh`‗ Gb - bihbs Gb Iufe _bfe=Tkmtm ly Jbf Brfmij



?;<

@rrmi sultiy okbfe`s tk` ebg`, lèhfs tm a``j T`t`r b wìi vbrh`j ghxtur` ma okmps, immps, bfjomuft`rs,‗ bfj lèhfs b omg`lboc. Hf tk` :tk, ghxhfe ’juggy‗ immps whtk tk` r`bi tkhfe, @rrmiwhfs b 28 squ`bc`r. _gbrt sbys, ’ @rrmi, lìh`v` ht mr fmt, kbs lèuf tm mut-kht bfj mut-bfei`T`t`r.‗ Gmr`mv`r, ’immphfe simw ’fmtkhfe‗ immps imw mv`r tk` f`t, @rrmi gbc`s T`t`r limoc tmm gbfy hftm tk` f`t.‗

Kbsibg, whtk khs lbockbfj immp bfj ’i`bphfe mutshj` amr`kbfj chii‗ bism pr`vbhi`j,jùo` hf tk` :tk, mv`r Trbjht.\`s`c‘s wha` Nbhrh` fmt`j k`‘j kbj ’omfthfumus hfnurh`s‗ amr tk` ibst twm gmftks, bfj

ghekt kbv` kbj gmr` ha k` kbjf‘t l``f simw`j jmwf ly b sp``jhfe thoc`t amr emhfe 24; gpk._hfo` @rrmi imst bii tkr`` ma khs rmufj rmlhf gbtok`s, tkbt iàt Ob`tbfm tm piby Kbsibg tm s``wkm‘j bjvbfo` tm tk` ahfbi. Lut tk` sgmmtk-gmvhfe Obfbjhbf hs fmwk`r` hf tkhs gbtok.Kmw`v`r, tk` twm @rrmis bfj tk`hr arh`fj Jbv` Tkhihp jhj kbv` mutshj` omgp`fsbthmfs. Zk`y

`fnmy`j tk` ’hfjmmr-mutjmmr pmmi whtk tk` bjnbo`ft wkhripmmi lbtk bt tk` Amrt Ubyf` GbrrhmttHff, piby`j lbsc`tlbii bt fhekt mf tk` Hff‘s omurt, bfj w`r` hfvht`j tm pbrthohpbt` hf tk` \hv`rsA`sthvbi pbrbj`. Nbhrh` sbhj, ’Zk`y sbt mf tk` lboc s`bt ma b Luhoc omfv`rthli` amr tkr`` kmurstkrmwhfe tbli` t`ffhs lbiis bfj wbvhfe tm tk` ormwj‚nust bs ha tk`y kbj omfqu`r`j mut`r

spbo` mr p`ramrg`j smg` mtk`r k`rmho j``j. Jbvhj `fnmy`j ht sm guok (bii tkms` pr`tty jruggbnmr`tt`s) k` jàbuit`j hf tk` B‘s.‗

Hf tk` ahfbi bebhfst I``, Kbsibg, e`tthfe maa ’smg`gbrvìmusiy bfei`j pusk`s bfj limocs tm I``‘s mutshj` lbockbfj‗ hs up 2<-; hf tk` 2st, lut obf‘t whf ht. Hf tk` <fj,’I`` em`s piufehfe bk`bj whtk ; strbhekt pmhfts bs twho` I`sobtok`s mfiy bhr bebhfst J-N‘s sup`r shj`sphf-tmpsphf immps.‗Pp <-4, I`` ’i`bjs 8-4 hf tk` ?rj.‗ K`‘s ’tmtbiiy gbst`r`j khs

ehbft mppmf`ft, gbchfe khs imfe r`bok usì`ss, bs k` amro`srì`fti`ssiy tm Kbsibg‘s hfshj` lbockbfj.‗ Nbhrh` \`s`c fmt`stkbt J-N‘s wha` Ihfjb ’wbs s``f wbichfe brmufj tk` pibyhfe

br`b, `v`ry mfo` hf b wkhi` eibfohfe bt b phò` ma pbp`r tkbtsbhj> ‛Ihfjb I``, Z`gp`r! ‟ Jmf‘t tbic lboc!‚Nust skutup!‗ Lut Nbhrh` jm`sf‘t sby wkm wrmt` tkhs bjvho`. Ihfjb tm

sìa= J-N= Mr smg`mf` ìs`=Hf tk` Umg`f‘s, tk` U`st Ombst‘s Tbtty Obsk bfj

Bfeh` \msbi jmf‘t skmw, sm tk` $<04 2st-Trhz` ahfbi‘s l`tw``f Omffh` _w``rhs bfj _u` Khij`lrbfjt. _u` ims s tk`mp`f`r lbjiy, lut, ebhfhfe omfahj`fo` whtk Omffh`‘s lboc-tm- lboc ghs-s`rv`s, sk` ’amiimws k`r lbockbfj chiis whtk gmp-

up amr`kbfjs‗ bfj `v`fs tk` gbtok. Zk`f, jmwf <-2, _u`,kbs b oruohbi 20-bii pmhft wk`r` sk` ’i`ts aiy ? bii-mut

gurj`rSmusW skmts tm Omffh`‘s lbockbfj lut obf‘t whf tk` pmhft. Bat`r tkbt sk` s``gs lrmc`f bfj obf kbfe mf fm imfe`r.‗

Hf tk` Jmuli`s, _w``rhs/I`sf`r r`bok tk` ahfbi ly ups`tthfe Fbthmfbi Okbgps I``/Trbjht hf 0. Uhtk tk` gbtok 2-2, bfj I`sf`r kbfjihfe I``‘s s`rv`s ’whtk er`bt omftrmi bfj

pmw`r,‗ tk` ?rj ebg` hs phvmtbi. _w``rhs/I`` kbv` emf` up 28-21, tk`f, fm sw`bt, Lhii’lbockbfj chiis tkrmuek I``‚bfj fmw I`` s`rv`s tm tk` wrmfe omurt!‗ Hf tk` 0tk, tk`surprhshfe ufj`rjmes br` up <4-2: gbtok pmhft wk`f Lhii ’ghss`s ? rusk`j put bwbys hf b rmw.Zk`f us`s khs k`bj, jrmps hf b p`raòt j`bj pusk maa I``‘s s`rv` bfj T`t`r ghss`s.‗ Kbsibg/

Omurt`sy ma \mf _okuii



?;?

Lrbtkwbht` bism gbc` tk` ahfbi, lut kbv` tm em 0 whtkOkuh/Gb wk`f Kbsibg kbs trmuli` r`turfhfe Ghfe‘ss`rv`s, bfj Gb hs bli` tm wkboc hf lbiis. Hf tk` ahfbi, tk`gusouibr Kbsibg/Lrbtkwbht` whf hs, armg I`s‘s gmj`stvh`wpmhft, ’b amrgbihty.‗

Zk` _`pt.-Mot., 285< Zmphos oht`j tk` F`wbrc,Mkhm Gmufjluhij`rs‘ Oiul (fbg`j bat`r tk` Hfjhbfs wkm luhit tk` imobi `brtk wmrcs) bs ’Oiul ma tk` Gmftk.‗Hft`r`st hf F`wbrc wbs hfhthbt`j ly \mf bfj _yivhbJ`G`ft, bfj bat`r Nmkf Z`gpi` bfj Lhii Kmje` put mf bf`xkhlhthmf tk`r`, _yivhb tìis us b oiul stbrt`j bt tk`XUOB wk`r` sk` wmrc`j. Zkhs `v`ftubiiy i`j tm b 2852

abii i`beu`, bfj tm tk` f`w Oiul tk`y gmv`j hftm hf Gbrokma ‘5<. _yivhb sbys, ’U` fmw kbv` ? J`trmht`r tbli`s whtk pibfs tm e t < gmr`.‗ G`gl`rs kbv` b c`y, bfj obf pibybfythg` tk`y wbft. Hf bjjhthmf, tk` Oiul rufs ’twm

i`beu`s b w``c‗ bfj hs ’pibffhfe ombokhfe oihfhos‗ (<?).Zk` Nuiy <8-?4 Hfj`p`fj`fo` Mp`f, #: hf tk`

Tkhiiy Hfvhtbthmfbi _`rh`s, sbw Ihg Ghfe Okuh whf tk`trhpi` ormwf. Hf tk` G`f‘s ahfbi, Ghfe jmwf`j @rrmi \`s`c wkm lboc hf tk` qubrt`r‘s kbj l``fjmwf jmuli` gbtok pmhft tm Bi`x _khrmcy. Amr tk` ahrst thg` tk`r` wbs prhz` gmf`y amr tkÙmg`f, bfj, r`pmrts Zmurfbg`ft Jhròtmr K`rl Qhokfhf (ZZZ , _`pt.-Mot., 285<, <0), ’Zmskmw tk`hr bppròhbthmf w` kbj tk` sgbii`st turfmut ma wmg`f shfo` w` stbrt`j mur Hfvhtbthmfbi _`rh`s.‗ Lbrlbrb Cbghfscy rbiih`j armg jmwf <-4 tm l`bt Biho` Er``f. Hf tk`

Ghx`j, Okuh pbhr`j whtk Er``f tm l`bt Lmeebf/Cbghfscy.Hf G`f‘s Jmuli`s, tk` #2 s``js, Ghtok _`bithì/Jbv` Tkhihp, w`r` ups`t ly Lhii _kbrp`/

_tbf _gmibfmwhoz wkm tk`f imst b tmuek 0-ebg` s`gh‘s tm Lmeebf/@rho Tkhiihps. Kmw`v`r,

@rho kurt khs brg bfj omuijf‘t piby tk` ahfbi. Ukhok g`bft tkbt tk` mtk`r s`gh‘s l`tw``f Okuh/\`s`c bfj _bg Kbggmfj/_khrmcy wmuij j`t`rghf` tk` whff`r. Zkhs wbs ’tk` l`st jmuli`sgbtok H‘v` `v`r s``f,‗ sbhj Qhokfhf, wkm wbs tkrhii`j ly ’tk` er`bt`st skmt ma tk` tmurfbg`ft.‗

Uhtk Kbggmfj/_khrmcy up <-2 hf ebg`s, bfj \`s`c s`rvhfe tm Kbggmfj, k`r`‘s wkbtkbpp`f`j>

’Kbggmfj limoc`j, Okuh chii`j b amr`kbfj. _khrmcy jmv` bt tk` lbii bfjghrbouimusiy kht ht lboc. \`s`c orusk`j b amr`kbfj wby mv`r tm Kbggmfj‘s amr`kbfj.Kbggmfj iufe`j bt ht, s`fjhfe ht lboc tm tk` tbli`, wkhi` ruffhfe hftm bfj abiihfe mv`r

tk` br`fb-s`tup lbrrh`rs. Okuh gbfei`j tk` f`xt mf` tkbt Bi`x bebhf sbv`j, mf b khek pmp up. \`s`c jrmpp`j ht mv`r tm tk` mtk`r shj`. Kbggmfj, armg btmp khs phi` ma

lbrrh`rs, ai`w bormss tk` br`fb bfj chii`j mf` ma tk` gmst ufl ih`vbli` lbockbfjs ymu`v`r sbw. Zk` bfei` wbs suok tkbt b spòtbtmr shtthfe nust l`khfj tk` ugphr` emt kht lytk` lbii! Bgbzhfe! Zk` ormwj w`ft orbzy.‗

Lut Okuh/\`s`c puii`j mut tk` :tk, <1-<:, wk`f \`s`c phoc`j b whff`r maa Bi`x‘ss`rv`, bat`r wkhok k` bfj Ghfe wmf tk` 0tk rbtk`r `bshiy.

Mtk`r r`suits> G`f‘s B‘s> Jbf _``ghii`r mv`r T`t`r Kmij`r‚whtk #2 s``j _kbrpìmshfe `briy tm kbrjlbt okmpp`r F`hi _khicr`t, whff`r ma lmtk tk` O‘s bfj J‘s. Umg`f‘s B‘s>

\mf

J`G`ft



?;:

Gurhì _t`rf mv`r Imuhs` Okmtrbs. L‘s>N`rry Ai`hsokkboc`r ’hf b 50-ghfut` ahv`-ebg` gbtok‗ mv`r Kmrbo` \ml`rts.(@brih`r, Bi _okwbrtz. chii`j Tkhiihps wkm‘jstmpp`j Luch`t hf bf `briy G`f‘s rmufj.

Bi bffmufo`j hf tk` _`pt.-Mot. Zmphos tk`2<4-g`gl`r F. N. Oiul‘s gmv` armgHrvhfetmf tm U`stahìj.) @squhr`‘s> E`mre`\moc`r mv`r Lhii Ormss. _`fhmr‘s> _kbrp`mv`r Ormss, 28, 28. Pfj`r 25‘s> Nm`\mcmp mv`r Ghc` _t`rf, bat`r Ghc` kbj`je`j Nmkf GoErbw, -2<, <<, 2:. Pfj`r

20‘s> Ghc` Lbl`r mv`r _t`rf. (Hf tk` 25‘s,Ghc` kbj must`j Zhggy Kmus`, <2, <?.)Pfj`r 2?‘s> Lruo` Timtfhoc mv`r _t`rf.

\by Ahiz r`pmrts tkbt b ròmrj 25

t`bgs piby`j‚piby`j amr tk` ahrst thg` amr prhz` gmf`y‚hf tk` Bffubi _mutk`bst`rf

Z`bg tmurfbg`ft, kìj Nuiy 20-21 hfBtibftb‘s bhr-omfjhthmf`j Gufhohpbi

Bujhtmrhug. Mribfjm (Nmkf Ruhoc, \hokbrj GoBa``, \by G`reihbfm, _t`v` \hem) wmf tk`$<4: 2st prhz`‚tkmuek tk`y suaa`r`j b imss (tk`hr mfiy imss) tm Ghbgh (Nmkf Zbff`khii, N`rryZkrbsk`r, Erè Ehfemij) wk`f Zbff`khii tmmc bii ?, Zkrbsk`r jmwf`j \hem, bfj kbrjlbt khtt`r Ehfemij surprhs`j G`reihbfm. Umrj wbs tkbt gbyl` Mribfjm skmuij kbv` ahìj`j Ruhoc‚wkm,

ufjà`bt`j, hf b oims` <5-<1 vmt`, wmf tk` GQTBwbrj mv`r C._ Okufe. Fmrtk Obrmihfb (Okufe,Kmu-Ghf Okbfe, _chp Ubic`r) wmf tk` <fj Trhz`

ma $24<, l`bthfe Ghbgh twho` (Okufe spihtgbtok`s whtk Zbff`khii) bfj imshfe mfiy tmMribfjm.

M.C., f`xt tmurfbg`ft‚bfj H chj ymu fmt.Gy wha` _biiy bfj H bfj mur lmys _omtt bfj @rhokbj l``f kmfmr`j tm rò`hv` pibf` thoc`ts mf l`kbia ma tk` Ghbgh ZZO bfj hf pbrthouibr LmlUbic`r, Tr`shj`ft ma Ahrst A`j`rbi _bvhfes bfjImbf, tm omg` mf jmwf bfj piby hf tk` ’Zhg

Lmeebf SH bigmst sbhj G`gmrhbiW Emij OmbstMp`f.‗ Ht wbs Lml‘s hj`b tm obii ht tkbt.

Ubic`r, b gbf hf khs ‛04‘s, wkm c``ps khgsìa hf emmj skbp` bfj pibys tbli` t`ffhs whtk bigmst purhtbfhobi hft fshty, kbs b Ghbgh _kmr`s ebrbe`-ihctbli` t`ffhs rmmg mp`f tm bfy piby`r jby mr fhekt,

`spòhbiiy ha, ihc` Erè Ehfemij mr Ubyf` Jbuft, mr Omrfìhus Kbrrhsmf mr Tbt Tbtt`rsmf, k`‘s shef`j tkÈu`st Lmmc bfj/mr emtt`f khs fbg` mf Zk`Liboclmbrj bgmfe tk` ’\èuibrs‗ mr ’Er`bts.‗

Gurhì _t`rfTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf

Lml Ubic`r

Omurt`sy ma tk` Ghbgh K`rbij



?;0

Nbrjm _tbf`c, wkm H k`brjt`bok`s (_mohbihst) @omfmghos hfTrbeu`, wbs jmwf tk`r` hf Ghbgh(tkmuek k` wmuijf‘t l` amr imfe lòbus` khs Ozòk emv`rfg`ft

wmuijf‘t i`t khs wha` omg` mv`r whtkkhg), bfj ma omurs` T`t`r Trbjht wbstk`r` tmm, lusy aheurhfe mut omgput`r bfei`s bt Ahrst A`j`rbi. _tbf`c‚obii`j’N`rry‗ hf Ghbgh‚wbs b ?-w``c kmusèu`st ma Ubic`r‘s.

Botubiiy H jhjf‘t s`` tmm guok

ma Lml lòbus` k`‘j r`tr`bt`j maa tm tk`Lbkbgbs bfj jhjf‘t omg` lboc ufthi tk`w``c`fj. Lut tkbt wbs bii rhekt lòbus`w` w`r` l`hfe put up bt tk` kmg` ma

_bg bfj Kì`f Ai`tok`r wkm gbj` mur stby v`ry obsubi bfj fnmybli`. Kì`f,

ufamrtufbtìy, kbj `bt`f smg`tkhfe v`ry jhsber``bli` armg b Okhf`s` r`stburbft bfj kbj fmt l``f a`ìhfe v`ry wìi amr jbys‚lut sk` suaa`r`j us whtk fm fmfs`fs`. Ukhi` _bg, b amrg`r ohty omufohigbf, turf`j mut tm l` tk` strbhekt`st-tbichfe pmihthohbf H‘j `v`r g`t mr hgbehf`j.

Hf tk` 2852 Aimrhjb Uk`ìokbhr Ebg`s _bg s`t tk` wk`ìs hf gmthmf. Zkhs y`br k`‘srmiihf‘ bimfe sm wìi tkbt hf tk` Fbthmfbi Uk`ìokbhr Ebg`s mf Imfe Hsibfj k` tmmc b ebgàrmg P._. #2 Ghc` J`gps`y. _mmf w`‘ii amiimw khs bfj Ghc`‘s prmer`ss bt tk` Tbrbiygphos hf

K`hjìl`re. Hf tk` Uk`ìokbhr `v`ft k`r`, kmw`v`r, _bg sbt mut‚bfj Nmkf @l`rt l`bt Arbfc O`p`j` amr tk` thti`.

Uk`f gy lmys bfj H w`r`f‘t pibyhfe tbli` t`ffhs bt tk` Ai`tok`rs mr imufehfe blmut

tk`hr pmmi, mr Lbrj Lr`ff`r‘s pmmi, w` w`r` mut mf tk` f`brly pbr ? emia omurs` whtk _tbf`c.’Br` tk`r` gbfy omurs`s hf Ozòkmsimvbchb=‗ H bsc`j khg. ’Nust b a`w,‗ k` sbhj, ’gmstiy amr tmurhsts mr jhpimgbts mr tk` wìi-tm-jm.‗

Ht wbs gy lmys‘ ahrst thg` mf b emia omurs` bfywk`r` bfj Nbrjm piby`j bimfe whtk tk`gamr 8 kmi`s. Zk`f w` emt jmwf tm s`rhmus lushf`ss. H ebv` khg? strmc`s b shj`, gbj` b 14-ybrj kmi`-hf-mf`, tk`f wbtok`jkìpi`ssiy bs k` kbj b str`tok ma ? lhrjh`s hf : kmi`s. Hf skmrt,w` piby`j 0: kmi`s bfj H wmf b fhf` mfo`, H eu`ss lòbus` k`wbs l`hfe b jhpimgbt.

Lml Ubic`r bfj khs wha` Lbrlbrb kmst`j b jhff`r amr usbfj smg` ma tk` tmurfbg`ft wmrc`rs bt bf Htbihbf r`stburbft,

bfj H g`t K`rl ’Okully‗ Brmfsmf, amrg`riy b tmp P._. piby`r,wkmg H‘v` wrhtt`f blmut hf `brih`r vmiug`s. K`rl bfj Nm`_mcmimaa bjv`rths` amr Ahrst A`j`rbi, pibyhfe xkhlhthmfs tmhft`r`st r`thr``s hf omfjmghfhugs. Zk`y‘r` bt Ubic`r‘s Fmrtk

Ghbgh lrbfok, wk`r` hf b spòhbi upstbhrs prbotho` rmmg twho`b w``c bf ;4-g`gl`r tbli` t`ffhs oiul g``ts.

T`rkbps tk` gmst `xohthfe `v`ft turf`j mut tm l` tk`G`f‘s Jmuli`s. Hf tk` mf` s`gh‘s, _tbf`c/Ubic`r jmwf`j

Nbrmsibv ’Nbrjm‗ _tbf`c

K`rl ’Okully‗ BrmfsmfTkmtm ly Jmf Lrmwfhfe



?;1

Lìibc bfj g`, 28 hf tk` 0tk (bat`r w`‘j wmf twm jùoèbg`s)3 hf tk` mtk`r, \hokbrj GoBa``/\by G`reihbfm obg` lboc tm jà`bt Nm` _mcmimaa/Gbrv Iàa. \hokbrj bfj \bytk`f tmmc tk` ahfbi hf 0. GoBa``, pbhr`j whtk L`v K`ss,bism wmf tk` Ghx`j‚armg Erè Ehfemij/Zk`r`sb Ghii`r.

_mcmimaa jhj wìi hf tkhs tmurfbg`ft‚tkbt hs, hf mur :-ebg` s`gh‘s k` l`bt g` twho` wk`f twho` up, 2?-8 bfj 24-?,H tkmuekt H kbj khg, bfj l`bt v`rylmjy is` whtk khs oi`v`r sphf ebg`‚`xo`pt ma omurs` _tbf`c wkm sbys k`‘s sthii #2 hfOzòkmsimvbchb. Nbrjm imst b ebg` hf khs s`gh‘s tm ymufe NmkfRuhoc, bfj, shfo` Nmkf kbj emtt`f maa tm b lbj 22-4 stbrt hfmf` ma tk` mtk`r ebg`s, tkhs kìp`j tm lbibfo` tkhfes mut bfj

c``p v`rylmjy kbppy‚`spòhbiiy Lhii Ruhoc, Nmkf‘s jbj.Hf tk` ì`vbtmr ma tk` kmtì, Lhii, b Omfs`rvbthv`

\`pulihobf wkm t`bshfeiy sbhj k`‘j prmlbliy vmt` amr Fhxmf, wbs w`brhfe r`j smocs, aibr`j sibocs, b strhp`j skhrt,

bfj b IMQ@ k`bjlbfj. Zkhs jr`w armg smg`mf` bjhsbpprmvhfe stbr` bfj tk` `xht ihf`, ’_``, tkbt‘s wkbt‘s

wrmfe whtk tkhs omuftry. Zk`s` jbgf khpph`s!‗@brih`r Lhii tkmuekt gbyl` k`‘j nhfx`j Nmkf hf tk` ups`t-rhjj`f 25‘s. L`v`riyf K`ss,

wkm‘s l``f b eu`st bt Nm` F`webrj`f‘s kmus` pibyhfe : kmurs b jby bfj tbchfe i`ssmfs armggbfy-thg` Nbpbf`s` Okbgphmf Fmrhcbzu Aunhh. (’K`‘s emt g` khtthfe gmr` tmpsphf,‗ sbys L`v,’hs gmvhfe g` l`tt`r, tmm, sm H‘ii e`t hf pmshthmf amr b lbockbfj chii.‗) L`v obuekt Nmkf maa eubrj, ihghfbt`j khg hf bf briy gbtok.

L`v wmf tkÙmg`f‘s‚mv`r Zk`r`sb Ghii`r wkm

tmmc tk` FmvhoÙmg`f‘s armg Nm`‘sjbuekt`r Fbfoy. Uhtk

k`r ahf` amr`kbfj, Fbfoy omuij l` b v`ryemmj piby`r‚ `spòhbiiy ha sk` kbj b pibo` tm trbhf, j`vìmpk`r ebg`. @rem, Nm` bfj Fmrh (lboc fmw

armg khs imfe tmur whtk tkÈiml`trmtt`rs) br` blmut tm mp`f up b

oiul hf Ghbgh obii`j Aunhh‘s bfj whii ahìjsmg` emmj nufhmr piby`rs‚p`rkbps v`ft`bgs amr tk` Obfbjhbf‘s bfj tk`P_MZO‘s.

Hf bfmtk`r 25 bfj Pfj`r gbtok,2<-y`br-mij Lruo` Timtfhoc, vmt`j tk`’Gmst Trmghshfe Nufhmr‗ bt tkhs y`br‘sP._. Mp`f, imst b tmuek 0-ebg` gbtok

Lhii Ruhoc, ’Khpph`‗

Tkmtm ly Jmf Euff

Fbfoy F`webrj`f

Lruo` Timtfhoc Tkmtm ly

Gbi Bfj`rsmf



?;5

tm 22-y`br-mij Tkhi Thffìi. ’Ukbt kbv` ymu i`brf`j armg tkhs=‗ Obri, Lruo`‘s jbj, wbs bschfekhg bat`r tk` lmy kbj s`tti`j jmwf b lht. ’Xmu w`r`f‘t tmuek `fmuek. Xmu kbv` tm c``p up tk` pr`ssur`. Xmu kbj b psyokmimehobi i`t jmwf bat`r whffhfe tk` 2st, <2-24.‗

Lruo` boo`pt`j bf hfvhtbthmf armg \mf _khri`y tm em mut tm tk` Mcibkmgb Mp`f,stby`j tk`r` hf Mcibkmgb Ohty b omupi` ma w``cs, piby`j smg` emmj gbtok`s whtk _t`v`

Kbggmfj, tk` _tbt` Okbgp, tk`f ai`w tm Btibftb tm nmhf khs abghiy (wkm w`r` jrhvhfe jmwf tmGhbgh). Lruo` fmt mfiy emt r`v`fe` bebhfst Tkhi hf tk` Pfj`r 2? ahfbi, rbiiyhfe armg <-2 jmwf, lut k` bism wmf tk` 20‘s‚hf 0 mv`r Nmkf @iihmtt. L`tt`r y`t, k` tmmc tk` L‘s‚mv`r G`f‘sOmfsmibthmf whff`r Erè Ehfemij bfj hf tk` ahfbi mv`r Tbt Tbtt`rsmf. Hf tk` B‘s, kmw`v`r,Lruo` wbs stmpp`j ly Oyrhi I`j`rgbf, ruff`r-up tm Lbrj Lr`ff`r bfj ’khs ar`f`tho amr`kbfjbfj lbockbfj immp bttbocs.‗

Ihtti` Thffìi kbs kbj fm mf` mutshj` khs abghiy tm piby whtk up tk`r` hf Fmrtk`rf

Aimrhjb, lut fmw tkbt tk`y‘r` bii gmvhfe tm Z`xbs, wbtok mut. Tkhi wmf tk` Fmvho` k`r`‚mv`r khs abtk`r, Motbvhm, _r. Bfj wkhi` khs gmtk`r, \utk, wbs ruff`r-up hf tk` Fmvho` Omfsmibthmftm Tkhi Ehlls, Motbvhm, _r. tmmc tk` Fmvho` _`fhmr‘s mv`r Nm` F`webrj`f.

Hf tk` 25‘s, whtk Ruhoc bfj Timtfhoc mut, tkbt iàt Motbvhm Thffìi, Nr., Pfj`r 25

Jmuli`s whff`r whtk Ruhoc, tkàbvmrht`. Ukm‘s emhfe tm l`bt khg=

_urìy fmt _omtt Lmeebf, nust turf`j22= Amr tkmuek _omtt‘s jmf` wìi tmwhf b ebg`, k`‘s 28-22 jmwf hf tk`jòhjhfe ?rj.

Lut tk`f bs H‘gomfo`ftrbthfe mf gy ihtti` ;-y`br-mij

@rho, wkm‘s surprhshfeiy wmf tk` 2st

ebg` armg Tkhi Thffìi, H sujj`fiy

k`br skmuts bfj b ’O‘gmf, ymu obfsthii whf!‗ armg _omtt‚bfj H wbs bfjsthii bg skbgì`ssiy `frbptur`j bt_omtt khtthfe hf bii tkms` skmts,

@rho LmeebfTkmtm ly Lhii

Gbri`fs

_omtt LmeebfTkmtm ly \uaamrj

Kbrrhsmf

Zhg LmeebfTkmtm ly \bui \mjrheu`z



?;;

`spòhbiiy ufk`shtbthfeiy bt tk` fj wk`f H wbs prbothobiiy kmijhfe gy lr`btk bs wìi bs gytmfeu`, barbhj tm lr`bc tk` gbeho spìi. X`s, k` wmf 24 strbhekt pmhfts bfj wk`f k` obg` lboc bfj sbt jmwf bfj immc`j bt g` whtk tkbt immc hf khs `y`s, wìi…._urprhs`, tkmuek‚amr wk`fH bsc`j Aunhh wkhok mf` ma gy lmys skmw`j tk` gmst prmghs`, H tkmuekt sur` k`‘j sby _omttwkm, whtk khs aaòthv` amr`kbfj, wmf tk` L Jmuli`s whtk g` bfj tk` 20 Jmuli`s whtk

Timtfhoc. Lut Fmrh wbtok`j tk`g bfj, j`spht` @rho‘s khekiy orhthohz`j erhp bfj khs bigmst`xoiushv` limochfe ebg`, k` sbhj, ’@rho.‗Ukm tk`f wmf tk` 25‘s= Uky tk` aìimw wkm bii bimfe `xpòt`j tm‚2:-y`br-mij Nmkf

@iihmtt. Nmkf kbs biwbys tkmuekt v`ry khekiy ma khs ebg`‚sm khekiy, hf abot, tkbt k` nust w`ftwbichfe blmut tk` str``ts ma Ghbgh, emhfe hftm wkm cfmws wkbt jmmrs wk`r`, ufthi k` emt bspmfsmr.

Ukhok smrt ma r`ghfjs g` ma Lìibc. ’H bg tk`

Er`bt`st,‗ k` sbys. Bfj, l‘emj, k` bigmst kbj g` lìh`vhfe ht. H‘j kbj `fmuek trmuli` hf tk` s gh‘s ma tk`_`fhmr‘s emhfe twm jùo` ebg`s whtk tkbt ahf` luta`rmohmus spmrt _bg Kmaaf`r. Lut Lìibc hf whffhfe

tkms` ahrst twm ahfbi ebg`s armg g` (lut fmt tk` f`xttkr``), bfei`j skmts H omuijf‘t lèhf tm e`t gy rboc`t

mf.Uhtk tk` tmurfbg`ft omghfe tm b oims`, bfj aibsk

luils pmpphfe‚tk` :-jby Ghbgh K`rbij omv`rbe` wbss`fsbthmfbi‚b r`pmrt`r amufj Lìibc. Mf l`hfehft`rvh`w`j, Ibszim sbhj tkbt bs b ymufe gbf k` omuijkbv` emf` hf s`rhmusiy amr gbfy spmrts‚swhgghfe,

amr xbgpi`. Lut k` w`ft hftm tbli` t`ffhs. Uky=Lòbus`, k` sbhj, tk`r` w`r` l`tt`r trmpkh`s. Ht wbs,bat`r bii, b spmrt tk` w`bitky omuij piby.

Zk`f bfj fmw.

_@I@OZ@J FMZ@_.

*Bs w`‘ii s`` hf tk` jòbj`s tm omg`, P_BZZKbii ma Abg`r Jr. _omtt whii omfthfu` tm l` tkmuekt

r`putbli`, hfj``j, gmr` bfj gmr` r`putbli`‚bfj bism gmr` bfj gmr` ma b er`bt stmrytìi`r.Omfshj`r tkhs tbi` (p`rkbps b skbj` jhsr`putbli`=) ma bf `xp`rh`fo` k` mfo` kbj bs bf hft`rf bt_t. Qhfo`ft‘s Kmsphtbi hf F`w Xmrc Ohty.

Mf` jby, lboc hf tk` 28:4‘s, Ghokbì bfj tkhs furs` bt _t. Qhfo`ft‘s w`r` maa juty,

rìbxhfe amr b a`w gmg`fts whtk fmtkhfe pr`sshfe tm jm. _``hfe tkbt tk` furs` kbj phoc`j uptkhs Kypfmthsg Gbj` @bsy lmmc tkbt kbj l``f iàt ly b amrg`r pbth`ft, _omtt tkmuekt ht wmuij

l` auf ha k`‘j pr t`fj tm l` tk` kypfmthst bfj tk` furs` khs sulnòt. _m tm tkbt `fj k` lèbfr`bjhfe pbssbe`s, bfj hgbehfbthvìy hgprmvhshfe, tm tk` furs` wkm‘j s`bt`j k`rsìa hf b okbhr mppmsht` khg.

Ma omurs` f`htk`r ma tk`g lìh`v`j tk`r` wbs bfy kypfmtho r`bihty tm tk`hr piby bfj

(’Fmw, Furs`, ymu‘r` stbrthfe tm e`t stuoc hf tkbt okbhr‗) w`r` smmf eheeihfe. @bok tkmuekttk` lmmc‘s suee`sthmf‚tkbt smg` smrt ma ’Gbef`thsg‗ wbs ufj`fhbliy b abotmr‚quht`rhjhouimus. ’Fmw tk` eiu`‘s kbrj`fhfe.‗ _uok luiiskht, tk`y sbhj. Bfj bs _omtt r`bj mf, tk`hr eheeihfe turf`j tm ibuekt`r.

Ibszim Lìibc - b spmrt tk` w`bitky

omuij piby> tkbt wbs amr khgTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



?;8

Zk`f bs Okbfo` wmuij kbv` ht, pròhsìy bt tkhs gmg`ft, bf boohj`ft vhothg wbs rusk`jhftm tk`hr rmmg‚bf `g`re`foy. Zurfs mut k`‘s b n`wì`r wkm, k`brhfe b omggmthmf emhfe mfmutshj` khs skmp, kbj omg` mut tm hfv`sthebt` bfj wbs obuekt hf b omps bfj rmll`r ormssahr`.K` wbs skmt hf tk` gmutk, bfj wk`f lrmuekt tm _omtt hs f`br j`btk. Limmj hs spurthfe mut ma khg bfj mftm _omtt i`bfhfe mv`r khg.

’Ruhoc, e`t g` b k`gmstbt!‗ Ghokbì yìis tm khs furs`. Lut, uflìh`vbli`, sk` r`bots hfb erhgiy kugmrmus gbff`r‚bs ha sk` obf‘t e`t up armg k`r okbhr.’Zk` obrmthj brt`rh`s br` skmt!‗ yìis Ghokbì. E`t g` b oibgp!‗Zk` furs`, erbllhfe kmij ma tk` okbhr, e`ts up, bfj bs ha b kufoklboc whtk b lurj`f

lèhfs wbjjihfe k`r wby bormss tk` rmmg…whtk tk` okbhr stuoc tm k`r l`khfj.’N`sus!‗ _omtt yìis. ’Zkhs hs fm thg` tm nmc`. Zk` gbf‘s jyhfe. Xmu wbft tm e`t us lmtk

ahr`j!‗

Ghokbì bebhf l`fjs khs hfor`bshfeiy limmj-stbhf`j sgmoc mv`r tk` gbf‘s ibst lr`btksbfj, bs tk` pmmr euy hs tryhfe tm sp`bc, i`fjs khs `br tm tk` mutpmurhfe.

’_…_u`‗ hs tk` gbf‘s f`xt chf= Uha`= Jbuekt`r=Zk` smufj mv`r tk` eurei` hs v`ry abhft. Ghokbì, wbtokhfe tk` aimw ma limmj, r`bihzhfe

tk`r`‘s fmtkhfe iàt ma tk` brt`rh`s tm oibgp, trh`s tm ehv` tk` ibst rht`s ma b gmg`ft‘s omgamrt.K` l`fjs khs abo` jmwf mv`r tk` mtk`r, k`brs…

’_u`….Obf H su`=‗Ghokbì, tbc`f blboc, hs shi`ft amr b gmg`ft, tk`f r`pih`s, ’Xmu kbv` bf `xoìi`ft

obs`.‗Bfj tk` euy jh`s whtk b sghi` mf khs abo`.Zk` furs` ma omurs` kbs tm l` r`-r`bj tm mut ma Kypfmthsg Gbj` @bsy. ’Zk` eiu` hs

gìthfe fmw….Ht‘s imst hts sthocy sulstbfo`….Xmu‘r` ar``.‗

Uk`f ibt`r _omtt em`s tm turf hf khs ufhamrg, tk` wmgbf bt tk` kmsphtbi ibufjry sbys,’Umw, kmw imfe kbv` ymu us`j ht=‗

Ghokbì, whtk khs oustmgbry jryf`ss, sbys, ’Mf` obs`.‗

Bat`r wkhok iha` em`s mf bt F`w Xmrc‘s _t, Qhfo`ft‘s, wkhok kbs s``f nust blmut`v`rytkhfe bfj wk`r` Jr. _omtt fmw lèhfs tm boquhr` bf hfor`bshfe r`putbthmf bs b s`rhmus-ghfj`j, ha fm imfe`r prbothohfe, kypfmthst.



?84

Okbpt`r Zw`fty-Fhf`

285<> J`gps`y/Ai`tok`r G`jbi

Uhff`rs hf K`hjìl`re Tbrbiygphos.

2852-5<> P._. Nufhmrs hf _w`j`f. 285<>

Ar fok _urprhs` bt @urmp`bf XmutkOkbgphmfskhps.

Zkr`` w``cs bat`r k`‘j piby`jkmst tm gy abghiy bfj g` hf Ghbgh, :8-y`br-mij _bg Ai`tok`r wbs hf K`hjìl`re pibyhfe hf khs ahrst Umrij Tbrbiygpho

Okbgphmfskhps. Ht wbs b er`bt`xp`rh`fo` amr khg. ’Zk` pibyhfeomfjhthmfs w`r` tk` l`st H kbv` `v`r s``f mr k`brj blmut,‗ k` sbhj‚

’`xoìi`ft ihekthfe, bii f`w tbli`s, emmj maahohbthfe. Bii ìòtrho somrhfe gbokhf`s amr biigbtok`s, `xoìi`ft lbrrh`rs, `to.‗ _bg jhjf‘t jm wìi hf tk` 1<-piby`r _hfei`s, lut khs Jmuli`s

pbrtf`r, 20-y`br-mij Ghc` J`gps`y, sur` jhj. Hfj``j, whtk _bg‘s `fomurbe`g`ft bfjombokhfe, Ghc` w`ft tkrmuek twm ma @feibfj‘s l`st bfj r`bok`j tk` ahfbi, wkhok wmuij l` piby`j bat`r tk` Z bg‘s.

Bs _bg tìis us hf khs wrht`-up (ZZZ , _`pt.-Mot., 285<, ;3 <2), k` wbs struoc ly tk`s`rhmus pr`pbrbthmfs sm gbfy ma tk`hr mppmf`fts kbj gbj`>

’…tk` tmp omuftrh`s kbj prma`sshmfbi ombok`s (_w`j`f, E`rgbfy, _mutkCmr`b, bfj Nbpbf kbj twm mr gmr` fmf-pibyhfe ombok`s). Zk` ombok`s wbrg`j-uptk`hr piby`rs jurhfe prbotho` bfj làmr` bii gbtok`s, ebv` hfstruothmfs l`tw``f ebg`s

bfj smg`thg`s wkhi` b ebg` wbs hf prmer`ss! Ht wbs ihc` pibyhfe twm jhaa`r`ft piby`rshf mf` gbtok. Bat`r tk` ahrst ebg`, tk` piby`r wmuij omg` lboc tm tk` tbli` whtk bomgpi`tìy jhaa`r`ft ebg`. Ombok`s obf gbc` tk` jhaa`r`fo`. Bism, H amufj mut hf

sp`bchfe tm gbfy ma tk` piby`rs tkbt tk`hr omuftry kìj b trbhfhfe s`sshmf amr armg twmtm shx w``cs prhmr tm tk` ebg`s. Ghc` bfj H w`r` emhfe tm piby t`bg gbtok`s whtkmut`v`r kbvhfe piby`j b shfei` ebg` ma jmuli`s tme`tk`r bfj H kbj mfiy piby`j ? mr :wk`ìokbhr jmuli`s ebg`s hf gy iha`.‗

\`gbrcbliy, kmw`v`r, bs Z`bg piby prmer`ss`j, tk` Bg`rhobfs gbj` ht mut ma tk`hr

amur-t`bg rmufj rmlhf whtkmut imshfe sm guok bs b ebg` bfj r`bok`j tk` s`gh‘s. K`r`,kmw`v`r, tk`y g`t tk` _w`j`s wkm‘j ’nust l`bt`f Hsrbì hf tk` qubrt`r‘s‗ whtk _w`j`f‘s

Nmkbfssmf whffhfe b lhe gbtok armg tk` ourr`ft wmrij okbgphmf, Kbebh‚tk` piby`r J`gps`ywmuij abo` hf khs _hfei`s ahfbi. Ghc` chii`j Nmkbfssmf 2<, ;, lut _bg, lmtk`r`j ly lurshths,omuijf‘t kìp `fmuek, bfj sm _w`j`f wmf ?-<. Ukhi` tk` P._. rò`hv`j b Lrmfz` g`jbi, tk`_w`j`s kbj tm s`tti` amr _hiv`r, amr tk`y imst tk` Emij tm _mutk Cmr`b.

Zk` </? _hfei`s ahfbi wbs b lèhffhfe fhektgbr` amr J`gps`y‚k` wbs jmwf 24-4 hftk` 2st! Hfthghjbt`j ly Zk` Okbgp p`rkbps= Lut, ha sm, k` quhociy bjnust`j‚gbyl` v`fmutpiby`j tk` Hsrbìh tk` r`st ma tk` ebg`. Zk` <fj w`ft tm jùo`‚lut mur euy jhjf‘t whf._thii, Umrij ruff`r-up. Zkbt‘s fmt lbj.

_bg Ai`tok`r (I)/

Ghc` J`gps`y,

g`jbi whff`rs

bt Tbf Bg‘s



?82

P._. Nufhmrs hf _w`j`f

Lboc hf 2852, Mrèmf‘s @ish`_phffhfe w`ft tm _w`j`f amr kbia by`br mr sm tm trbhf, bfj, mfr`turfhfe, sp`ft b omupi` ma jbys

bs b Lmeebf kmusèu`st bfjtbic`j tm gy wha` bfj g` blmut k`r `xp`rh`fo`s. Hf tk` sugg`r ma 285<,

mtk`r Nufhmrs w`ft amr trbhfhfe hf_w`j`f, bt Cmilmjb, ufj`r tk` jhròthmf ma

’K`bjgbst`r‗/Ombok Nmkbf G`ssb, bfj wrmt` brthoi`s (ZZZ ,_`pt.-Mot., 285<, 8+) wkhok H‘ii tbc` fmt` ma k`r`. Ahrst,

kmw`v`r, H hfoiuj` bf brthoi`, ermup`j whtk tk` mtk`rs,`fthti`j ’@ish`, Jm Xmu \`biiy Zkhfc Xmu Obf Gbc` Ht=‗ hfwkhok H trh`j tm skmw, armg @ish`‘s ’H‗ pmhft ma vh`w, wkbtsk` wbs tkhfchfe bfj a`ìhfe wkhi` hf _w`j`f>

…SH‘jW omgghtt`j gysìa fmt mfiy tm b ?-w``c trbhfhfe obgp hf _miv`slmre lut

tm ihv` amr oims` tm 1 gmftks whtk b _w`jhsk abghiy hf Emtk`flure.Jurhfe tkhs smg`thg`s tryhfe thg`, H wbs fm imfe`r sw``t shxt``f…wbs

sp`fjhfe gy 25tk lhrtkjby hf _w`j`f.H r`g`gl`r tk`y wmc` g` up bt ghjfhekt, bfj tm try bfj rbhs` gy sphrhts

pr`s`ft`j g` whtk b ebib, guith-omimr`j pbrty obc` tkbt wbs sm smeey tkbt sòr`tiyfmlmjy ihc`j ht.

_thii, nust l`hfe bwby armg kmg` kbs emt tm jm bfylmjy smg` emmj. Bfj ht jhjg`….

Zk` trbhfhfe obgp wbs kbrj. U` ihv`j hf b kmtì‚bii <4 ma us, 28 _w`j`s bfj

g`‚bfj si`pt mf lbiirmmg omts. Lr`bcabst wmuij l` bt ; b.g. bfj prmgptiy bt 8 w`‘j lèhf mur jbhiy rmufjs. Zkms` wkm w`r` ibt` jhj b ihtti` `xtrb ruffhfe rmufj tk` eyg. Hwbs f`v`r ibt`.

\`p`bt`jiy w`‘j str`tok mursìv`s mut‚cf``-khek x`rohs`s, iès tkrust Pp!Jmwf! H omuij kbv` l``f b lbii`rhfb.

Mut bt tk` tbli`, omftrmii`j prbotho`‚gòkbfhobi amr`kbfjs bfj lbockbfjs. Btwm-kmur rmuthf` ma s`rvhfe, immphfe, chiihfe. Amiimw`j ly ammtwmrc prbotho`.Bat`rwbrjs, gmr` ohrouht trbhfhfe> pusk-ups, nugphfe nbocs‚wkhi` mur ombok, @vbNmkbfssmf Swkmg Tbtty Gbrthf`z kbj l`bt`f bt tk` ‘18 Umrij‘sW c`pt thg` tm b stmp

wbtok.Zk`f mut tm ruf mf b ahìj…sprhft 20-<4 sòmfjs, tk`f r`st amr 20

sòmfjs…thg` bat`r thg`….…@vb wmuij moobshmfbiiy sby, ‛H‘g e`tthfe hf b rut, i`t‘s e`t mut ma k`r`. Uk`f

ymu‘v` l``f prbothohfe kbrj amr b imfe thg` ymu abii hftm b chfj ma j`pr`sshmf. Ha ymuobf‘t em mut tk`r` bfj tkhfc, ’Chii! Chii! Chii!‗ ymu nust jmf‘t kbv` tk` g`ftbihty tm l` b

whff`r. Zk`f ymu f``j b r`st.‘Ma omurs` hf _w`j`f ymu kbv` tm immc 21 tm rìbx whtk b l``r. X`s, ehris hf

trbhfhfe obf vhsht puls‚ht wbs ber``j tkbt ‛mf` l``r wmuijf‘t kurt.‘ Hf abot, mf` ma tk` l`st _w`jhsk lmys bt tk` obgp jrbfc ihc` b ahsk.

K`bjgbst`r Nmkbff G`ssb



?8<

Zk` chjs H g`t s``g`j b ihtti` barbhj ma erbss. Luttk`y us`j ‛sfuz‘‚wkhok wbs smg`tkhfe ihc` tmlboom pmwj`r (sfuaa=). Zk`y rmii ht hftm b lbii bfj put ht ufj`r

tk`hr tmp ihp. Ht‘s suppms`j tm obig ymur f`rv`s. Zk`y sby

ht gby mr gby fmt obus` obfo`r. Bfywby, ht ‛lurfs,‘ bfjgbc`s ymu b ihtti` jhzzy. Xmu jmf‘t s`` tk` ehris ushfe tkhsguok‚lut moobshmfbiiy tk`y‘ii try ht hf trbhfhfe obgps nust amr auf.

Fbturbiiy tk` _w`jhsk lmys br` ihc` lmys bfywk`r`.Zk`y imv`j Nbg`s Lmfj. Bism, bii tk` chjs tmij g`, ‛@ish`

ymu‘v` emt tm em tm b pmrfmerbpkho gmvh`.‗ Bat r wkbt`v`r gmvh` w`‘j s``‚w` kbj tm l` hf l`j bt 24>?4 p.g.‚tk`r`wbs biwbys tk` mut-ma-sokmmi t`st qu`sthmf, ‛Obf H omg` uptm ymur kmtì rmmg=‘

Bat`r gy tkr`` rhemrmus w``cs hf _miv`slmre H w`fttm ihv` whtk b abghiy hf Emtk`flure fbg`j Gìier`f. Zk`hr jbuekt`r @ihzbl`tk wbs blmut gy be` bfj b emmj piby`r‚

w` emt bimfe pr`tty wìi. H jhj tk` jhsk`s, oi`bf`j gyrmmg, bfj kìp`j tm thjy up tk` kmus` wk`f w` w`r` emhfetm kbv` omgpbfy.

H w`ft tm b _w`jhsk sokmmi tkbt str`ss`j ibfeube`s‚

Ar`fok, E`rgbf, @feihsk, _w`jhsk‚bfj mtk`r ihl`rbi brtsomurs`s….Oibss`s w`r` armg ; b.g. tm ? p.g. Zk` t`bok`rs

w`r` s`rhmus, j`gbfjhfe, lut tk`y jhjf‘t `xpòt tmm guok ma g` lòbus` H jhjf‘t sp`bc tk` ibfeube` v`ry wìi.

Amr b wkhi` H wbs biwbys tkhfchfe ma emhfe kmg`.H‘j abftbshz` whtk gysìa, ‛H omuij sf`bc mut ma tk` kmus`bfj l` kmg` hf b jby mr sm. Lut tk`f H‘j tkhfc, ‛H‘v` mfiyemt : gmftks iàt. Ha H nust c``p emhfe H‘ii gbc` ht.‘

Barbhj ma tk` erbss= Fmt tkhs @ish`


@ish` smg`thg`s f``j`j k`r

sphrhts rbhs`jTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



?8?

_mg`thg`s H‘j l` pibyhfe lbj tbli` t`ffhs….Bfj smg`thg`s gy sokmmiwmrc wmuij l` e tthfe g` jmwf….

_thii, H wbft`j tm jm gy l`st….…Gy jbj wbs sp`fjhfe gmf`y amr g` tm omg` k`r`. Gy gmtk`r kbj sbhj, ‛@ish`,

ymu‘ii e`t kmg`shoc. Jm ymu r`biiy tkhfc ymu obf gbc` ht=‘ Bfj sm ht lòbg` b gbtt`r ma

prhj` tm sthoc ht mut.Mfo` H emt shoc, r`biiy shoc. Kbj b v`ry lbj omij‚omuijf‘t lr`btk`. Tmiyp trmuli`. Himmc`j ht up hf bf Bg`rhobf jhothmfbry‚ht kbj tm jm whtk ‛b lrbfokhfe tugmr ma tk` fbsbi pbssbe`.‘ Okrhst, H nust blmut jh`j.

Zk`f H kurt gy iè. Emt tk` gusoi` smg`kmw s`pbrbt`j armg tk` lmf`. Li`j hfshj`.Omuijf‘t kmp mf gy rhekt ammt‚bfj mv`rjhj ht tryhfe. Bfj H kbj t`rrhli` orbgps bt fhekt.

Lut ma omurs` H omuij nust bs `bshiy kbv` emtt`f shoc hf Mrèmf, omuijf‘t H= Ht wbs

nust hf tk` lèhffhfe H aìt sm imfìy._thii tk`r` w`r` emmj thg`s, tmm. Mfo` gy tbli` t`ffhs arh`fjs bfj H r`ft`j b lus (ht

wbs pbhj amr ly mur tbli` t`ffhs oiuls) bfj w` w`ft tm _tmockmig bfj sbw tk` _w`jhskNufhmr Okbgphmfskhps bfj stby`j hf tk` sbg` kmtì bs tk` piby`rs. Zkbt wbs auf.

H o`rtbhfiy jmf‘t wbft tm pbhft tmm liboc b photur` blmut tkms` gmftks hf _w`j`f.Bat`r bii, H jhj booihgbt` tm _w`jhsk iha`, jhj stby, mat`f fmt ufkbpphiy, tk` 1 gmftks H‘j

ber``j tmMfiy ht wbs bii nust b ihtti` strbfe` bfj w`bryhfe. Ihc` omghfe kmg`, H wbs obuekt hf

b stmrg mv`r tk` @feihsk Okbffì, bfj wk`f H ahfbiiy emt maa tk` pibf` lboc hf tk` P._. Hwbs sm thr`j, H aìt H wbs emhfe tm abhft.‗

Nàa _gbrt, wkm H bs Bssmohbthmf Tr`shj`ft whii ibt`r bppmhft P_ZZB Ombokhfe Okbhr, wbs

ehv`f $<44 ly r`thr`j lushf`ssgbf bfj piby`r I`st`r _phtzi`y tm kìp omv`r khs $?04 rmufj trhptrbvì xp`fs`s tm btt`fj b obgp hf _w`j`f. Zk` prho` ma tk` botubi obgp, Nàa kbst`fs tm sby, hsuflìh`vbli`. ’Amr ? g`bis p`r jby (bii ymu obf bt), ahf` ombokhfe bfj trbhfhfe, < sgbii rmmgs whtk

b omuok, tbli`, < okbhrs, shfc, lufc l`j, < swhgghfe pmmis, lbjghftmf bfj vmii`ylbii omurts, sbufb,mo`bf swhgghfe, bfj gbyl` v`f smg` pr`tty _w`jhsk ehris‚$04 b w``c!‗

Bfj hf b s`fs` Nàa wbs b oì`lrhty. B ermup ma 2<-y`br-mij _w`j`s w`r` bt tk` trbhfhfe

obgp bfj obg` tm vhsht khg bok fhekt. ’Zk`y jhspiby`j mv`rwkìghfe ftkushbsg tmwbrjsBg`rhob, bfj oibgmr`j amr gy butmerbpk, gy bjjr`ss, bfj tmmc pkmtmerbpks ma g`….Zk`yimv`j bf butmerbpk`j lbii, b Gbj gbebzhf`, bfj b pheey-lboc rhj`. @v`f bt tk` be` ma 2< tk`yspmc` abhr @feihsk, bfj bii ma tk`g w`r` f`re`tho bfj lrhekt.‗

Nàa‘s oims`st arh`fjs wkhi` k` wbs bt tk` obgp w`r` twm E`rgbf piby`rs, Gbfarh`j bfjQ`rfmr, lmtk ma wkmg ’imv`j tm i`brf gmj`rf `xpr`sshmfs ihc` ‛Ehv` g` 0,‘ ‛Zhg` tm em

l`jjy-ly,‘ ‛Lurp!‘ bfj ‛Xmu‘r` b okhoc`f.‘‗ K` bism sbhj, ’SHW gbj` v`ry emmj arh`fjs whtk tk`: l`st piby`rs armg Hoìbfj> T`t`r (whtk wkmg H spmc` Ar`fok), Knbigbr (tk` gmst j`jhobt`j

piby`r bfj tk` fbthmfbi okbgp ma Hoìbfj), Arh`gbf, bfj Zmggy.‗Nàa str`ss`j tkbt tk` ’_w`jhsk ombok`s jm fmt strhv` tm luhij gbokhf`s mr gmij styi`s3

tk`y s``c tm j`vìmp tk` gmst ai`xhli`, stujhmus btki`t`s hf tk` Ebg`.‗ Amr xbgpi`>

’…Pfihc` tk` Nbpbf`s`, tk` _w`j`s mfiy em amr gbxhgug gusoi` str`tokhfe‚fmtsp``j bfj sw`bt. F`v`r jm bfy…Swbrg-up x`rohs`sW abst….Amr ar`qu`ft mr jbhiy rmuthf`s,okbfe` tk` `x`rohs`s `bok thg` tm bvmhj b lmr`j mr ibx btthtuj` tmwbrj tk`hr `xòuthmf….SZk`r`W gust l` x`rohs`s hf 5 obtèmrh`s…Sbfj tk`r` br` mv`r 04 vbrhbthmfsW.‗



?8:

Zk` _w`j`s jm b amrg ma ohrouht trbhfhfe, bfj bjk`r` tm 1 trbhfhfe `x`rohs`s> (2)bit`rfbt` cf``-kmp bfj khek i`bp3 (<) pusk-ups3 (?) sht-ups3 (:) squbt tkrusts3 (0) nugpsbs khek bs pmsshli` (’lrhfehfe cf``s khek bfj k`ìs tmuokhfe ymur j`rrh`r`‗)3 bfj (1) brgs up,thptm` str`tok`s, tk` tbutf`ss tk`f rìbx`j. ’Hft`rvbi sprhft ruffhfe kbs r`pibo`j jhstbfo`ruffhfe bs tk` gbhf amrg ma `fjurbfo` bfj omfjhthmfhfe trbhfhfe. Bfj ‛omftrmi prbotho`‘ fm

imfe`r g`bfs tryhfe tm kht 2444 amr`kbfjs lboc bfj amrtk bormss tk` sbg` jhbemfbi. _w`j`si`brf tm omfo`ftrbt` bfj p`raòt tk`hr strmc`s ly okbfehfe tk` jhbemfbis bfj pbtt`rfs whtkmutwbrfhfe, tkus luhijhfe tkhfchfe piby`rs fmt gbokhf`s.‗ Bjj tm tkhs ammtwmrc prbotho`, bfj bs amr ’pmw`r bfj sphf piby,‗ Nàa sbhj k` ’i`brf`j bfj prbotho`j gbfy immp, chii, bfj limoc jrhiis.‗

_gbrt r`biiy jhjf‘t kbv` guok blsmrlhfe thg`, amr k` wbs mfiy bt tk` obgp amr b w``c.Lut k` wbs spòhbiiy hft`r`st`j hf tòkfhobi pmhfts rèbrjhfe, amr xbgpi`, booì`rbthfe wrhstbothmf, bfj skmrt strmc` piby. K`r`‘s khs tbc` mf tkbt>

’…Amr lmtk amr`kbfj bfj lbockbfj omuft`rhfe, tk` wrhst bothmf gbc`s b v`ryskmrt strmc` pmsshli , blmut 1 hfok`s mf tk` lbockbfj bfj pmsshliy b sihekt lht gmr` mftk` amr`kbfj. Zm chii tm `htk`r shj`, jmf‘t i`t tk` rboc`t pbss tk` o`ft`r ma tk` lmjy (ihc`

tk` mij sbiut` styi`) bfj jmf‘t ahfhsk blmv` tk` skmuij`rs. Zm lbockbfj chii, shgpiy`xt`fj tk` ìlmw aurtk`r hf armft ma tk` lmjy bfj, ushfe wrhst bfj amr`brg, wkhp tk`

brg strbhekt hftm tk` lbii. Bt tk` stbrt, tk` rboc`t hs bigmst tmuokhfe tk` khp bfj bt tkàhfhsk ht pmhfts rhekt bt tk` tbre`t. Hf bii, fmt gmr` tkbf blmut 2; hfok`s! Bfj fm chii hs`v`r ‛ahfhsk`j‘ ufthi tk` rboc`t hs hgg`jhbtìy puii`j hftm tk` r`bjy pmshthmf bebhf.‗

Nàa oims`s ly sbyhfe tkbt k` r`biiy wbfts tm ombok hf tk` P._.,bfj kmp`s tm r`turf tm _w`j`f f`xt sugg`r wk`r` k`‘s t`ftbthvìy

l``f ’maa`r j bf bppr`ftho ombokhfe bfj trbhfhfe pmshthmf.‗ ’Zk`r`bsmf amr tkhs maa`r,‗ k` sbys, ’hs tkbt H trbhf`j v`ry kbrj làmr` i`bvhfeamr _w`j`f bfj hgpr`ss`j tk`g tk`r` sm guok whtk gy stbghfb bfj

whiihfef`ss tm i`bj v`ry jrhii tkbt‚wìi, tk`y‘j f`v`r s``f suok orbzyXbfc` `ftkushbsg làmr`!‗

Zk` Xbfc``s G`ssb jhj s``, k`‘ii ibt`r wrht` tm \uaamrj

Kbrrhsmf, f``j`j ammtwmrc prbotho`. _m p`rkbps tkms` bsphrhfe tm em tmK`rr G`ssb‘s Cmilmjb Obgp f`xt y`br skmuij l` r`bjhfe Nm`_mcmimaa‘s ’Gy Uby‗ ombokhfe brthoi`s bpp`brhfe rèuibriy hf Zmphos ‚ `spòhbiiy mf` fthti`j ’Ammtwmrc‗(ZZZ , Gbr.-Bpr., 285?, :).

G`bfwkhi`, _gbrt whii kbv` b imfe ’Kmw Zm Tr`pbr` Amr B

Zrbhfhfe Obgp‗ brthoi` hf Zmphos (Nbf.-A`l., 285?, ;). Nàa `gpkbshz`s tkbt emhfe tm b trbhfhfe obgp (wk`r` ma omurs` ymu

f``j tm l` hf emmj pkyshobi omfjhthmf) hs b imt jhaa`r`ft armg emhfetm b ombokhfe oihfho.

Imfe Hsibfj‘s Omsgm Erbkbg i`ts us ufj`rstbfj tkbt tkhsG`ssb-ruf trbhfhfe obgp hf Cmilmjb hs ’b smrt ma kmihjby

r`smrt…whtk tbli` t`ffhs bs mf` ma tk` gbhf pursuhts.‗ Omsgm sbysht‘s ’b emmj pibo` tm e`t hf skbp` bfj e`t ymur ebg` tme`tk`r.‗ K`wbs tk`r` amr tkr`` w``cs. ’Zk` 2st w``c chiis ymu,‗ k` sbys, ’tk`<fj hsf‘t sm lbj, bfj tk` ?rj (omgpbrbthvìy sp`bchfe) hs `bsy.‗

Nàa _gbrt>

’orbzy Xbfc``

`ftkushbsg‗

Omsgm Erbkbg



?80

Zwm mtk`r ImfeHsibfj`rs, Nàa ^bcbrhfbfj Obri Jbff`r, w`r`bism bt tkhs Cbrilmjboihfho amr tkr`` w``cs.

Ihc` _gbrt, tk`y jhj tk`sbg` wbrg-up `x`rohs`s’amr tk` s`v`f hgpmrtbft pbrts ma tk` lmjy‚ wrhsts, fòc, skmuij`rs,wbhst, cf``s, tkheks, bfja``t.‗ Uk`f tk`y w`r`

mut bt tk` tbli`, tkòmbok`s ’str`ss`j tkbt

ymu kht ahv` ahrg skmts mf tk` tbli`, rbtk`r tkbf ahv` kufjr`j smat mf`s, shfo` tkhs wmuij l` gmr` ihc`b r`bi gbtok.‗ Zk` ombok`s wmuij ’e`t mf ymur lboc, r`ghfjhfe ymu tm ‛Kht tk` lbii kbrj!‘‗

Zk` lmys wrmt` ma bf ’`xkbusthfe ammtwmrc jrhii‗> ’ …ymu stbrt`j armg tk` lbockbfjshj`, chii`j bf hgbehfbry lbii, rbf tm tk` amr`kbfj shj`, chii`j bfmtk`r hgbehfbry lbii, sobgp`r`j

lboc tm tk` lbockbfj shj`, kht hf bfmtk`r hgbehfbry amr kbfj‚tkhs w`ft mf amr shxty sòmfjs.‗Ahfbiiy ht wbs mv`r‚uk, fmt quht`. \`p`bt twm gmr` thg`s. Zk`f ma omurs` tk`r` w`r` mtk`r jrhiis‚amr hfstbfo`, s`rv` bfj ?rj-lbii, s`rv` bfj 0tk-lbii bttboc prbotho`.

G`bis, wkbt w`r` tk`y ihc`= Lr`bcabst> ’hf`jhli` mbtg`bi, pi`fty ma lr`bj bfj lutt`r, nbg, bfj b ibre` suppiy ma ghic.‗ Iufok bfj jhff`r> ’pmtbtm`s (biwbys lmhi`j), bfj jhaa`r`ftg`bts, lut f`v`r kbglure`rs.‗

’Ibt` hf tk` bat`rfmmf, w` w`ft tm tk` trboc amr blmut b kbia kmur ma ruffhfe, mr b ebg` ma smoo`r (obii`j ammtlbii).‗ ’U` smg`thg`s rbf mf b pbtk tkrmuek tk` wmmjs. Bt ahrst tkhs wbs v`rykbrj, bs w` wmuij trhp bfj sihj` bii mv`r tk` rmocs bfj lusk`s, lut w` emt us`j tm ht‗

Lhe jhaa`r`fo`, tkmuek, l`hfe hf _w`j`f b w``c, tkr`` w``cs…bfj shx gmftks, rhekt, @ish`=

Ar fok _urprhs` bt @urmp`bf Xmutk Okbgphmfskhps

Hf tìihfe us blmut wmrij-oibss Nufhmrs mur ymutk br`f‘t pibyhfe bebhfst (ZZZ , _`pt.-Mot.,1+), Tkhi \`hj, Zmphos @urmp`bf omrr`spmfj`ft, omv`rs tk` @urmp`bf Xmutk Okbgphmfskhps kìjf`br tk ohty ma Q`ni hf J`fgbrc. Hf Obj`t (ufj`r 2:) Z`bg piby, bgmfe tk Ehris Kufebry wbs bf`bsy whff`r mv`r \ugbfhb. Kmw`v`r, tk` Lmys ahfbi w`ft hftm tk` 0tk bfj ibst gbtok ma tk` th`, tk`f, prmimfehfe tk` susp`fs`, tm jùo hf tk` ?rj làmr \usshb `je`j U`st E`rgbfy. Tkhi tkhfcs ymufet``fs skmuijf‘t l` xpms`j tm suok Z bg pr`ssur`. X bk, bt <4-<4 hf tk` jòhshv` ebg`, mf`

ghstbc` omuij omst ymur omuftry tk` thti`. Lut k`y, H sby, E`t r`bi, e`t tmuek briy.Bfj sp`bchfe ma bjvho`, Tkhi sbys>

’@v`ry t`bg ’whii kbv` bt i`bst b obptbhf bfj bigmst o`rtbhfiy b trbhf`r wbtokhfe`v`ry mtk`r mppmf`ft bfj pibffhfe tk` tbothos boomrjhfeiy. Hf tk` ahfbi ma tk` Nufhmr Ehris _hfei`s tk`r` w`r` fm i`ss tkbf AMP\ Ozòks bjvhshfe tk`hr piby`r SKbfb

\h`jimvbW mf wkbt tm jm! (Lut sk` sthii imst.) Bfy w`bcf`ss hs o`rtbhf tm l` bttboc`jrì`fti`ssiy. Bt tk`s` pbrthouibr okbgphmfskhps tk`r` wbs gmr` bjvho` l`hfe ehv`f tkbfH kbv` v`r s``f bfywk`r`. Mf moobshmfs piby`rs libtbftiy wbic`j armg tk` tbli` tmk``j bjvho` l`hfe maa`r`j!‗

Obri Jbff`r Nàa ^bcbrhf



?81

Zk` Nufhmr Lmys bfj Ehris Z`bg `v`fts ’w`r` stbe`j shguitbf`musiy lut fmt whtk `qubihgpmrtbfo`. Zk` Lmys gbtok wbs l`hfe tì`vhs`j bfj okbhrs w`r` pibo`j bii brmufj tk`br`fb….Zk` Ehris ahfbi, g`bfwkhi`, wbs l`hfe stbe`j hf b omrf`r ma tk` kbii whtk a`w p`mpi`,mtk`r tkbf tkms` hgg`jhbtìy omffòt`j whtk tk` gbtok, tbchfe bfy hft`r`st.‗ \usshb l`btKufebry ?-2.

Trhmr tm tk`hr Nufhmr Lmys Z bg ahfbi, Arbfo`kbj skmwf er`bt hgprmv`g`ft hf l`bthfe _w`j`f bfjU`st E`rgbfy, lmtk ma wkmg kbj jmwf`j @feibfjwkms` l`st prmspòt wbs tk` Nbgbhob-lmrf J`sgmfjJmueibs. Arbfo`‘s Ozòk mppmf`fts, ombok`j lyQboibv Mstrbvhocy, wkmg H‘j ihghfbt`j hf tk s`gh‘sma tk` Nulhi`` Oup hf Fbemyb, w`r` sihektiy abvmr`j amr

tk`y‘j j`tkrmf`j tk` \usshbf kmij`rs.Arbfo`‘s t`bg, bii iàtkbfj`rs, wbs k`bj`j

ly ’b supr`g` jà`fj`r,‗ Okrhsthbf Gbrthf, wkmg\`hj tkmuekt wbs ’tk` mutstbfjhfe piby`r ma tk`

Okbgphmfskhps.‗ ’K` kbj tk` gmst ièbftammtwmrc, gmvhfe hf whtk suok sp``j tkbt bfy

btt`gpt bt b jrmp skmt wbs suhohj` ha tk` jrmp skmtw`r` tk` i`bst lht up. Gbrthf wmuij gmv` hf whtkmutk`shtbthmf bfj chii uf`rrhfeiy, usubiiy whtk khs pmw`raui lbockbfj.‗

Uhtk tk` th` ?-bii, tk` piby`rs wkm‘j l``f nuje`j tk`hr omuftry‘s l`st g`t‚whtk tkÒzòk Tbvì Mvobrhc jà`bthfe Arbfo`‘s N.J. Omfstbft. Lut tk`f Gbrthf, s``chfe b p`raòt

Z`bg ròmrj, obg` tkrmuek whtk b lhe whf mv`r Nmsà O`rgbc wkm‘j l`bt`f bii tk` \usshbfs,bfj tk` th` wbs :-:. Pp omg`s tk` Ar`fok lbff`r> BII@^ A\BFO@, amr tk`r` br` gbfyAr`fok suppmrt`rs, bfj Arbfo` kbs y`t tm whf suok b gbnmr Okbgphmfskhp.

Zk` jòhjhfe gbtok hs l`tw``f Tkhihpp` Gmimjzmaa (Arbfo`) bfj Bi xbfj`r Guocb(Ozòkmsimvbchb). Hf tk` 2st ebg`, Gmimjzmaa, up <4-28, surprhs`s Guocb whtk b abst s`rv` tmkhs amr`kbfj, bfj Arbfo` tbc`s tk` i`bj. Hf tk` <fj, Guocb‘s jmwf 2?-8 bfj tmwìhfe maa `v`ry

pmhft. _mmf k`‘s jmwf gbtok pmhft <4-20. Zk`f, whtk Arbfo` mf` pmhft bwby armg tk` thti`,tk` uftkhfcbli` kbpp`fs. Ht‘s fmt Guocb wkm guocs ht up, lut Gmimjzmaa‚uflìh`vbliy kìms`s tk` ebg`! Bfj tk` Ozòks br` sthii bihv`. Lut fmt amr imfe3 Gmimjzmaa‘s emt khg amur gbtok pmhfts f`xt ebg`, bfj‚tk` ’jhf hs ufl`brbli`‗‚tkbt‘s `fmuek.

’Gmimjzmaa hs erbll`j ly blmut b jmz`f mr gmr` ìbt`j Ar`fokg`f bfj okbhr`j rmufjtk` rmmg. Zk`f tk` t`bg hs obrrh`j armg tk` kbii bfj tkrmwf hf tk` pmmi! Fmw tk`y br` bii

lboc. Ukm br` tk`y immchfe amr= Ht‘s Okbri`s \m`sok, tk`hr ombok. K`‘s tkrmwf hf tmm.‗Zk` Obj`t Ehris _hfei`s w`ft tm \usshb‘s Zbtnbfb A`rjgbff (Umg`f‘s Umrij #0 ly

2850) wkm pmw`r`j k`r wby mv`r ufs``j`j Xuemsibvhbf p`fkmij`r Julrbvcb Ablrh. ZkÒbj`t Lmys _hfei`s tm \usshb‘s Lberbt Lurfbznbf mv`r U`st E`rgbfy‘s @feìl`rt Kuehfe wkmy`brs ibt`r, bt tk` 28;? P._. Mp`f, whii piby b imshfe jùo` hf tk` 0tk ahfbi whtk gy ymufe`r smf@rho.

Zk` Nufhmr Ehris wbs wmf ly \ugbfhb‘s ufs``j`j Ihjhb @ih` mv`r Ozòkimsimvbchb‘sKbfb \h`jimvb (Umg`f‘s Umrij Zmp <4 hf 285?). Lut tk` Ehris Jmuli`s w`ft tm b Kufebrhbf pbhr, wkhok \`hj tkmuekt mjj bat`r \usshb kbj l`bt`f Kufebry hf tk` Ehris Z bg ahfbi. Mjj`r sthii wk`f tk` whff`rs turf`j mut tm l` tk` w`bc`r ma tk` twm Kufebrhbf t`bgs. Zk` #2

J`sgmfj Jmueibs,

@feibfj‘s l`st Nufhmr prmspòt



?85

Kufebrhbf pbhr, Cbtbiyf _z`fjy/Bffb Gmifbr, kbj l``f must`j ly@vb Nmkbfssmf bfj Bff-Okrhsthf Kìigbf wkm‘ii l` tk` imshfeahfbihst hf tk` Umg`f‘s _hfei`s bt tk`2850 P._. Mp`f. Zk` _w`j`sw`r` tk`f l`bt`f hf tk` s`gh‘s ly tk` Kufebrhbf Obj`ts, Hvbscm/\uzs`fscy, bjvbfo`rs mv`r tk` #2 s``j`j @feihsk jum ma Ihfjb

Kmwbrj/Nbf`t Kìibly. Zk` #< Kufebrhbf pbhr, Oshc/Cuokbr, `brih`r whff`rs mv`r \usshb‘s Bftmfnbf/Lbtyrmvb, tk`f tmmc tk` ahfbi.\usshb‘s Bfbtmiy _trmcbtmv wbs tk` l`st l`t tm whf tk`

Nufhmr Lmys‚k` obg` 2st hf tk` Nufhmr Jmuli`s whtk Qhotmr Aursmv,bfj tk` Ghx`j whtk @ighrb Bftmfnbf (Umg`f‘s Umrij #20 bat`r tk`_brbn`vm Okbgphmfskhps). Bism, wk`f hf tk` _hfei`s s`gh‘s k` <4,22 emt ly U`st E`rgbfy‘s ai``t-ammt`j K`hfz Euft`r Kmaagbf, bfj

sthii kbjf‘t imst b ebg` tk` wkmi` tmurfbg`ft, wkm wbs emhfe tmstmp khg= Bfsw`r> tk` Xuemsibv Ghrbf _bvfhc, wkm‘j cfmoc`j mutGbrthf hf tk` qubrt`r‘s, bfj tk`f, bat`r imshfe tk` 2st ebg` bt ;,

Mvobrhc hf tk` s`gh‘s.

Fm, fmf` ma mur P._. piby`rs br`

rèuibriy omft`fjhfe bebhfst bfy ma tk`s` ymutkauistbrs, lut mf` jby smmf tk`y whii l` (_bvfhc/Ablrhwhii libfc J-N/Tbtty Obsk hf _brbn`vm), amr, bsymu‘r` lèhffhfe tm s``, tk`r`‘s fmw hft`r`st,gmv`g`ft, fmt mfiy hf kbvhfe tk` wmrij stbrsomg` tm us, lut hf us emhfe tm tk`g.

_w`j`f‘s Bff-Okrhsthf

Kìigbf


Ghrbf _bvfhc, @urmp`bf Xmutk Okbgphmf,

skmwf k`r` bt bf upomghfe P._. Mp`f

whtk Bfeh` \msbiTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



?8;

Okbpt`r Zkhrty

285<> Mftbrhm Z`bgs,

@rrmi Ob`tbfm, bfj Qhmi`ttb

F`sucbhths br Obfbjhbf Oims`j

Uhff`rs. P._. Qs. Obfbjhbfs hfOF@ Z`bg Okbgphmfskhps3

_w`j`f‘s L`rfkbrjt Uhfs G`f‘s3

Obfbjb‘s F`sucbhths tk` Umg`f‘s.

Zk` Obfbjhbf Oims`jOkbgphmfskhps us`j tm l` piby`j

bt tk` OF@, lut tk` OZZB wbfts tmgmv` tk` v`fu` brmufj, sm ibsty`br tk`y kìj ht hf Kbihabx, tkhsy`br hf @jgmftmf, bebhf hf Gby. Bsshstbft OZZB F`ws @jhtmr \bipk _prbtt tìis us (Nbf.-A`l.,

285?, ?-03 ;-8) tkbt hf tk` G`f‘s Z`bg‘s, whtk bii 2< Trmvhfo`s r`pr`s`ft`j, L.O., pibyhfewhtkmut rò`ftiy gbrrh`j Ubt`rimm Pfhv`rshty stuj`ft Ibrry I``, lut whtk ^mitbf Tbtbcy, Tkhi

Ok`fe, bfj bfth-sphf jà`fj`r Tbui Bilròkt (Qbfomuv`r Ohty Okbgp mv`r @rho Obivì`y), l`btRu`lò, 0-<. I`bjhfe tk` Ru`lò omfthfe`ft wbs bfth-sphf bttboc`r Ghc` L`kbf (wkm‘j l``fb trhpi` whff`r bt tk` Nuiy @bst`rf Obfbjb Mp`f hf Okbt`bueuby, whffhfe tk` G`f‘s mv`r khsJmuli`s pbrtf`r Bjkbg _kbrbrb wkm‘j jmwf`j t`bggbt` Euy E`rgbhf hf tk` s`gh‘s). L`stgbtok`s hf tkhs L.O.-Ru`lò th` w`r` E`rgbhf mv`r Ok`fe, bfj Tbtbcy mv`r _kbrbrb, lmtk 28hf tk` ?rj. Mftbrhm, kmw`v`r, wbs guok tmm strmfe amr bfy omft`fj`r. Jhttm tk`

Mftbrhm wmg`f‚tkmuek Ru`lò‘s _khri`y E`rm ups`t Kì`f _hg`ri.Hf tk` 244-`ftry G`f‘s _hfei`s, I`` puiis tk` ups`t ma tk` tmurfbg`ft,

cfmochfe mut Jà`fjhfe Okbgphmf J`r`c Ubii (Mot. Okbt`bueuby whff`r mv`r

Tbui Ci`vhfbs). Zk`f, hf tk` mf` s`gh, I`` jmwfs Ok`fe, 28 hf tk` :tk

, wkhi`, hftk` mtk`r, Ob`tbfm ìhghfbt`s Mftbrhm Oims`j Okbgphmf T`t`r Emfjb hf 0. Ibsty`br, @rrmi imst 28 hf tk` 0tk tm Ubii3 tkhs y`br k` ims`s 28 hf tk` 0 tk tm I``. Kmw`v`r, @rrmi

jm`s whf lmtk tk` G`f‘s Jmuli`s whtk Emfjb (mv`r I``/Ubiiwkm‘j l`bt`f tk`g ibst y`br) bfj tk` Ghx`j whtk Qhmi`ttb(mv`r I``/Aimrb F`sucbhths).

Zk :1-`ftry Umg`f‘s s``s Gbrhbff Jmgmfcms (Mot.Okbt`bueuby whff`r mv`r Nmyo` Kòkt) ebhf tk` Oims`j ahfbi amr tk` ahrst thg` whtk b 0-ebg` whf mv`r Kì`f _hg`ri. B v`ry

`xohthfe gbtok‚whtk Gbrhbff ’immphfe, rmiihfe, bfj phoc-khtthfe,‗ bfj Kì`f gbchfe ’abftbstho jà`fshv` r`turfs bfj

moobshmfbi omuft`r-khts.‗ Qhmi`ttb, kmw`v`r, hs f`v`r hf jbfe`r‚ whfs k`r 5tk Umg`f‘s Okbgphmfskhp‚bfj sk`‘s sthii mfiy <2.Zkmuek Bsshstbft @jhtmr _prbtt jhj gmst ma tkhs Oims`j wrht`-up,@jhtmr Nms` Zmgchfs ebv` khg bf bsshst mr twm. Hf Nuiy, Nms`, wkm

whtk kuslbfj Nmkf kbs twm jbuekt`rs, Okrhsthf`, 21, bfj _usbf,2:, lòbg` tk` @xòuthv` Jhròtmr ma tk` OZZB, bfj tkus hs ’tkàhrst wmgbf bppmhft`j tm b Obfbjhbf @xòuthv` pmshthmf bt tk`_pmrts Bjghfhstrbthv` O`ftr` hf Mttbwb.‗

Fmrb bfj Ibrry I``Tkmtm ly Lhii Gbri`fs

Nms` Zmgchfs> bppmhft`j

@xòuthv` Jhròtmr ma tk` OZZBArmg tk` 285< OF@ Trmerbg



?88

@brih`r Nms` kbj l``f _òr`tbry ma tk` Mftbrhm Bssmohbthmf, sm wbs wìi bwbr` ma tkòmgpibhfts sk`‘j k`brj `bok Iblmr Jby w``c`fj blmut tk` Zmrmftm OF@ v`fu`. Bfj, hfj``j,Zkursjby gmrfhfe, Bue. ?2st tk`r` bt tk` [, hf tk` _k``p bfj _whf` luhijhfe, ht bii obg` lboc bebhf hftm gy fmstrhis. Zk` mij kby a`v`r. Mk, ht wbs r`biiy bwaui. Xmu suaa`r`rs, ymuufj`rstbfj‚hf l`tw``f tk` fms` limwhfes, tk` sf``z`s bfj bii tkbt sphtti`, t`brs str`bghfe

armg gy `y`s, H kbj tm try obràuiiy tm wbtok gy st`p, wmrc gy ihtti` pujji` ma b wby pbst stbiibat`r stbii, pbst tk` hfjhaa`r`ft omws bfj tk`hr pujji`s.Bs H wbic`j tk` omfor`t` hftm tk` sw`pt-up just ma tk` `xtr`g` `bst`rf pbrt ma tk`

Omihsùg bfj pbus`j tm obtok gy lr`btk, tk` ahrst tkhfe H wbs bli` tm gbc` mut wbs smg`tkhfetkbt immc`j ihc` b ame kmrf, mr b gèbpkmf`, mr bf mij ’Xmur Gbst`r‘s Qmho`‗ sp`bc`r‚ smg`tkhfe tkbt suee`st`j Butkmrhty. Bfj tk`f, l`kmij, sprbyhfe amrtk armg ht, mut hftm tk`br`fb, mut hftm tk` stbfjs l`ymfj, wbs surìy tk` gmst jàhfhthv` ma tmxho sulstbfo`s. Amr wk`f

skmrtiy H v`ftur`j mut hftm tkbt smrt ma fm-gbf‘s ibfj tm kìp s`t up tk` tbli`s, ht wbs tkuglsjmwf‚bfj bii tk` aih`s, ebss`j, kbj jrmpp`j. _m tkbt fmw ha mf` wbft`j tm prbotho`, k` kbjmfiy tm tbc` mut khs orugpi`j kbfjc`rokhà bfj whp` tk`g j`bj bwby.

_uok wbs tk` v`fu` tkbt y`br bat`r y`br omfthfu`j tm bttrbot hft`rfbthmfbi piby`rs‚kbk,

kbk, kbk, ihc` jyhfe aih`s tm tk` obrrhmf ma Obfbjhbf tbli` t`ffhs. Mr sm mf` ghekt sby ha kòbr`j tm e`t b ihtti` kyst`rhobi blmut ht.

H, kmw`v`r, shfo`, whtkbi, H fnmy`j gy y`briy bjv`ftur`s k`r`, jhjf‘t wbft tm l` fbsty tmtk` @xpm maahohbis, jhjf‘t wbft tm rbv` mr rbft bt tk` nmhft khek-i`vì g``thfe kìj bt tk` @x l`tw``ftk` Obfbjhbfs bfj tk` Bg`rhobfs. Hfj``j, H wbs prmp`riy pmiht`. H r`biiy jhj wbft tm amst`r emmjwhii. Lut bs P_ZZB Tr`shj`ft H aìt b juty tm ure`, r`biiy ure`, tk` Obfbjhbfs tm ahfj b f`wv`fu`‚ìs` H ghekt `v`f em sm abr bs tm suee`st tm tk` P_ZZB @xòuthv` Omgghtt`` tkbt wàmrgbiiy ure` P._. piby`rs fmt tm r`turf tm tkhs fmw smg`tkhfe i`ss tkbf pr`sthe` tmurfbg`ft.

Zk` Obfbjhbfs rbtk`r pulihoiy ber``j tkbt b okbfe` ma imobthmf wbs hf mrj`r. Bfj tk`r`wbs tbic tkbt tk` OF@ wbs prmghshfe ’b f`w spmrts omgpi`x hf tk` f`br autur`.‗ Lut prhvbtìy,H‘g barbhj, tk`y tkmuekt H wbs wby mut ma ihf`, wbs hf abot tryhfe tm sblmtbe` tk` sòurhty ma

tk`hr f`v`r-sby-jh` v`fu`. _m, tk`y tkmuekt ht l`st tkbt H ghfj gy mwf P_ZZB lushf`ss bfj i`ttk`g tk`r` hf Zmrmftm, hf thg`, wmrc mut b okbfe` tkbt wmuij l` bs sbthsabotmry bs pmsshli`._m, m.c., `fmuek, H wbsf‘t immchfe amr b j`bj kmrs`.

Lut tm gy surprhs` OZZB Tr`shj`ft Brt Lbrrbf wmuij wrht` b I`tt`r tm Zmphos (Fmv.-Jò., 285<, 20) rèbrjhfe gy OF@ wrht`-up, hf wkhok k` sbhj gy ’rhlbij iht`rbry styi` bfj tkòbrhobtur` rhjhouihfe mur Obfbjhbf aibe…or`bt`s r`s`ftg`ft bfj hfvht`s r`tbihbthmf.‗ H jhjf‘tcfmw wkbt k` g`bft ly tk` ’obrhobtur`‗ ma tk` aibe imem H‘j bttbok`j tm tk` brthoi`, lut wk`f Himmc`j bt ht bebhf, H sbw tkbt tk` gbpi` i`ba wbs jhsaheur`j. _m, mk, mk, H wrmt` khg bf bpmimeybfj baahx`j b v`ry prmp`r imem wk`f H prhft`j khs I`tt`r (tkmuek H skmuij bism kbv` bpp`fj`j

bf bpmime`tho @j.‘s Fmt`, lut jhjf‘t).Zm mp`f tk` Bue. ?2-_`pt. ?, 285< OF@ Okbgphmfskhps, Thttslurek (Nm` \mcmp, \hoc

_``ghii`r, bfj Lruo` Timtfhoc) wmf tk` bii jby bfj guok tmm abr hftm tk` fhekt, 21-t`bggmjhah`j rmufj rmlhf Nufhmr Z`bg `v`ft.

Hf tk` ahfbi :-t`bg rmufj rmlhf, hf b th`-lr`bc`r (tkr ` t`bgs kbj <-2 ròmrjs),Thttslurek `je`j lmtk ruff`r-up Ghokhebf (Ghc` Q`hii`tt`, Ghc` Lbl`r, bfj F`w Xmrc`r @rho

Lmeebf) bfj F`w Xmrc #2 (Nmkf GoErbw, Nàa ^bcbrhf, bfj F`w N`rs`y‘s Ghc` _t`rf). Zk`:tk t`bg (tk` fmw Zmrmftm-lbs`j Zhggy Kmus`, Erè Tibstrhc, bfj _omtt Lmeebf)omgpihobt`j gbtt`rs b lht wk`f tk`y jàbuit`j, pbrtiy lòbus` ma tk` ibt` kmur bfj pbrtiy lòbus` Kmus` bfj Tibstrhc aìt, ’Uky piby= U` obf‘t whf.‗



:44

Botubiiy tk` Ghokhebf t`bg ghekt kbv` omg` 2stw`r` ht fmt amr twm tmuek gbtok`s tk`y imst tm tk` F.X. #2t`bg. GoErbw mutibst`j Lbl`r ?2-<8 hf tk` fbhi-lhthfe ?rj.Bfj Nàa ^bcbrhf, nust r`turf`j armg tkbt trbhfhfe obgp hf_w`j`f, kbj b v`ry lhe whf mv`r P._. Nufhmr Z`bg

g`gl`r Ghc` Q`hii`tt`. (’H gbfbe`j tm omftbhf khg,‗ sbhjymufe Nàa whtk f`wiy boquhr`j @urmp`bf bpimgl.)E`mre` Nmvbfmv, Tr`shj`ft ma tk` Mftbrhm

Bssmohbthmf, wkm mrebfhz`j tk`s` gbtok`s bfj sbw tm htwhtk er`bt ai`xhlhihty tkbt v`ry lmy mr ehri wkm wbft`j tm piby omuij, j s`rv`s tm l` omgg`fj`j. Bs amr tk` piby`rstk`gsìv`s, Ombok Lmfe Gm I``, immchfe tk`g mv`r, sbhj,

’Zk`s` ymufe p`mpi` kbv` emmj ahekthfe qubihth`s lut‚Hkbv` tm sby ht‚lbjiy f``j tm i`brf smg` strmc`s ha `v`r tk`y br` emhfe tm l` wmrij oibss omgp`thtmrs.‗

Hf tk` Nufhmr Hft`rfbthmfbi Gbtok, Obfbjb (Obpt.

Nmvbfmv, Tbui Ci`vhfbs, _t`v` Aìjst`hf, bfj LhrutbTiuobs) jà`bt`j tk` P._. (Obpt. Imu Julhf, Tbui \bpkì, Ghc` Q`hii`tt`, bfj Bfeìhtb \msbi)

:-?. Hf _hfei`s piby, Tbui wmf twm, Ghc` imst twm, bfj Bfeìhtb l`bt Lhrutb. _m ht wbs hf oims`Jmuli`s piby tkbt tk` P._. abit`r`j‚Ci`vhfbs/Aìjst`hf l`bt mur euys, <<-<4, <1-<:, bfjCi`vhfbs/Tiuobs surprhs`j Tbui/Bfeìhtb hf tk` jòhjhfe 5tk gbtok, -25, 2;, 25.

Hf tkÙmg`f‘sHft`rfbthmfbi

Gbtok, Obfbjb(Obpt. N`ffyGbrhfcm, Qhmi`ttb

F`sucbhths, Kì`f_hg`ri, bfjGbrhbff

Jmgmfcms) lihtz`jtk` P._. (Obpt.Xvmff` Crmfibe`,Nujy Lmok`fsch,Biho` Er``f, Mieb_mit`sz, bfj

LbrlbrbCbghfscy).

Zkmuek prbhshfetk` gmr` amrgbi

btt`fthmf ehv`f tm tk` `v`fhfe‘s Mp`fhfe O`r`gmfh`s, Xvmff` wbs orhthobi ma tk` gbrok-hfgusho‚f`w tbp`s w`r` f``j`j. Bfj bitkmuek lmtk omuftrh`s immc`j tm l` wìi-jr`ss`j, mur

wmg`f omgpibhf`j prhvbtìy tkbt tk`y w`r` ’`xtr`gìy ufomgamrtbli`‗ hf tk`hr pibyhfemutahts‚wkhok g`bft f`w mf`s wmuij kbv` tm l` mrj`r`j.

Nujy mp`f`j bebhfst Kì`f, bfj imst 22, <4. Z`bg Obpt. Xvmff`, wkm wbs jmhfe tkòmv`rbe` amr Zmphos, qumt`j Nujy bs sbyhfe, ’H wbs sobr`j l`hfe tk` ahrst mf` tm piby.‗ _obr`j!

Nmkf GoErbw


\òmefhz` tk` OF@ so`f`=

Obfbjhbf bfj P._. t`bgs bt btt`fthmf amr fbthmfbi bftk`gsTkmtm ly F`bi Amx



:42

Zkmuek lmtk`r`j ly Kì`f‘s ’st`bjy okmp bfj pusk‗ piby, kbj Nujy wmf tkbt < fj ebg` btjùo`….Hf tk` <fj gbtok, tryhfe tm ’mutpusk bfj mutokmp Qhmi`ttb,‗ Biho` abhi`j ghs`rbliy, bsbfymf` wmuij `xpòt k`r tm‚sk` emt 5 bfj ;. Xvmff` piby`j Mieb bfj Lbrlbrb hf tk`Jmuli`s, lut tk`y kbj fm ‟20, -; okbfo` bebhfst Gbrhbff‘s immps bfj Qhmi`ttb‘s okmps. Bfj tmtkhfc tkhs t`bg kbj kbj bf bat`rfmmf prbotho` s`sshmf hf wkhok Lmfe Gm I`` wbs sbhj tm kbv`

kìp`j tk`g.Hf tk` G`f‘s Hft`rfbthmfbi Gbtok, tk` P._. (Obpt. Lml Cbghfscy, E`mre` Lrbtkwbht`,@rrmi \`s`c, bfj Jìi _w``rhs) r`j``g`j htsìa ly libfchfe Obfbjb (Obpt. Gbx Gbrhfcm,Ibrry I``, J`r`c Ubii, bfj @rrmi Ob`tbfm). Kmw`v`r, fmf` ma tk` ahv` gbtok`s w`r` wbic tkrmuek whfs. K`r`‘s Lmfe Gm‘s suggbry>

’Lrbtkwbht` vs. I``. H tmij

E`mre` tm s`rv` ? skmrt tm I``‘samr`kbfj bfj < abst tm khs lbockbfj. Ghx up tk` pbtt`rfs ma omurs`. Zk` hj`b hs tm jrbw Ibrry

hf, e`t khg tm kbv` tm limoc mf khs lbockbfj. K` nust jm`sf‘t limoc

v`ry wìi‚em`s up mf khs thp-tm`s,tkrusts mut sthaa. E`mre` muekt tm l` bli` tm kht suok r turfs. Botubiiy,H tkmuekt E`mre` wbs sphffhfe tmmguok, jhjf‘t st`p hf bfj kht`fmuek. Lut k`‘s ihc` Nm` Arbzh`r

lmxhfe, c``ps bppiyhfe tk` pr`ssur`….K` amro`s `rrmrs, w`brsymu jmwf.

\`s`c vs.Ubii. Ubii, ma omurs`, c``ps abvmrhfe khs lbockbfj okmp. @rrmi hs tm biwbys immp tm J`r`c‘s amr`kbfj. Uk`f tk` lbii omg`s up

khek `fmuek, k`‘s tm kht ht kbrj. @rrmi, up 28-25 mf` ebg`, em`s <2-<4 jmwf. Zk`f khtshf b s`rv` tm jùo` ht. Zk`f s`rv`s maa. Zkmuek k` wmf, obf tkhs l` tk` wby tm piby tkèbg`=

_w``rhs vs. Ob`tbfm. _w``rhs, wkm wbs kbvhfe trmuli` whtk khs ammthfe mf tk`kmt o`g`ft aimmr, muekt tm gmv` Ob`tbfm, wkm kbs lbj ammtwmrc. I`t @rrmi swhfe whtktk` amr`kbfj ha k` wbfts tm. K`‘s whij, whij, whij. K` jm`sf‘t cfmw wkbt k`‘s jmhfe. Ha

b euy cfmws kmw tm pibo` tk` lbii st`bjhiy, tk`f Ob`tbfm kbs fm okbfo`….SH tkhfc Lmfe Gm, tkmuek k` bjghts Ob`tbfm ’hs v`ry emmj bt bfeihfe tk` lbii,‗ quht`

ufj`r`sthgbt`s khg‚k`‘ii jmghfbt` Obfbjhbf tbli` t`ffhs tkrmuekmut tk` jòbj`.W_w``rhs hs tm us` ? jhaa`r`ft s`rv`s> b abst tmpsphf, b gmj`rbtìy pbo`j fmtkhfe lbii tkbtimmcs ihc` b okmp, bfj b shj`sphf tmp. Zk`s` s`rv`s whii pr`v`ft Ob`tbfm armg immphfebfj whii biimw Jìi tm gmv` hf….

Lrbtkwbht` vs.Ubii. E`mre` hs…tm immp tm tk` amr`kbfj. Ha Ubii wbfts tm phoc b lbockbfj, i`t khg. K`‘ii kht smg` hf, lut k`‘ii ghss gmr`. Bfj, bat r bii, E`mre` kbs bemmj r`trh`vhfe jà`fs`. _ur`, ht‘ii l` b imfe gbtok, lut Ubii ihcìy whii l` gmr`baaòt`j Stkbf E`mre`W ly tk` bjv`rs` omfjhthmfs‚tk` iboc ma mxye`f, amr `xbgpi`….‗

P._. Ombok Lmfe-Gm I`` tbichfe ht mv`r whtk

E`mre` Lrbtkwbht`

Tkmtm ly F`bi Amx



:4<

_w``rhs vs. I``. Jìi‘s l`st s`rv` bebhfst Ibrry hs b skmrt mf` tm tk` amr`kbfj‚ amiimw`j ly b tmpsphf lbockbfj tkbt whii fbli` khg tm tbc` tk` maa`fs`. Jìi hs fmtsuppms`j tm immp bebhfst I``, lut k` jm`s. Fbturbiiy ht‘s fmt `bsy tm okbfe` tk` kblhtshf mf`‘s ebg`.‗

Hft`rfbthmfbi emmjwhii hs wkbt tk` Obfbjhbfs hf tk`hr mwf wby o`rtbhfiy wbft. Zk`y lrmuekt mv`r <1-y`br-mij Obri Nmkbf L`rfkbrjt, _w`j`f‘s #:, tm ruf b trbhfhfe obgp amr tbi`ft`j nufhmrs. Uk`f ht obg` thg` amr L`rfkbrjt tm s`` tk` @xpm pibyhfe sht`, k` tmijMftbrhm‘s Nmvbfmv, ’Xmu obf‘t l` s`rhmus. H jmf‘t piby k`r`.‗

Fbturbiiy k`‘j l``f amr wbrf j ma tk` omfjhthmfs bfj wbs mfiy t bshfe. Bat r bii, k` imv jbfhgbis, jhjf‘t k`= Bt i`bst kmrs`s. Kbvhfe emf` mat`f fmuek tm tk` trboc whtk khs er`bt _w`jhskt`bggbt` Bis`r, k` wbs o`rtbhfiy bt kmg` k`r` whtk l`bstiy shekts bfj sgìis. Hfj``j, tk`r` wbs

guok nmchfe blmut s`fjhfe lboc tm _w`j`f b photur` ma L`rfkbrjt pmshfe whtk khs abvmrht` luii.Zk` Obfbjhbfs bism ammt`j tk` lhii amr I`s Kbsibg wkm, gbffhfe b lmmtk, kbj _pmrts

Mftbrhm juth`s, suok bs j`gmfstrbthfe tk` rmlmt bfj ombokhfe hft`r`st`j ymufest`rs. Ibt`r, htwbs ufjhefhah`j tm s`` tk`s` twm tmp s``js, piby`rs ma stbtur`, prma`sshmfbis wkm w`r`

`xpòt`j tm l` tk` ebt`‘s tmp bttrbothmf, ugphrhfe. Ma omurs` tk`r` wbs fm ebt`, fm bjghttbfoà`` tm wbtok, bfj, whtk <08 piby`rs `ft`r`j, gbyl` ?44 spòtbtmrs amr tk` _ufjby fhekt ahfbis.

H omuft`j bigmst 214 piby`rs armg tk` _tbt`s‚bfj smg`, Nbhrh` \`s`c wrmt` hf k`r Zmphos

omiugf, wmuij kbv` b lbj `xp`rh`fo`, tkmuek tkrmuek fm abuit ma tk` Mftbrhm mrebfhz`rs>

’…IhgGhfe SOkuhW wbsmut hekty jmiibrs

bfj Jbvhj STkhihpWb ar`sk mf`kufjr`j jmiibr lhii.

Bfj tk`y sby tk`str``ts ma F`wXmrc br` ufsba`.

Brtkur Fh`v`s, ImuhsÒkmtrbs (jbuekt`r ma `x-P._.Okbgphmf L`rfho`

Okmtrbs), \mf Zh`c`rt, bfj Lml Ubiibo` ma F.X. kbj b sihekt lmrj`r schrghsk omghfe

lboc tm tk` P._. Zk`y s`brok`j tk` hfshj` ma Brtkur‘s obr, hfoiujhfe tk` bhr-omfjhthmfhfe v`fts, aus` lmx, bfj trufc. Imuhs` wbs wrbpp`j hf b quhit tkbt mf` lmrj`r

hfspòtmr tmmc, ibhj mut aibt, bfj ahfe`r`j v`ry squbr` hfok. Zk`y‚tk` hfspòtmrs‚ `v`f obii`j amr kìp. Bfj Brtkur jm`sf‘t v`f immc susphohmus….‗

Bfmtk`r Hft`rfbthmfbi v`t`rbf, b g`gl`r ma Hfjhb‘s 281? Umrij Z`bg bfj Obptbhf ma

tk` Zbtb _pmrts Oiul hf Lmglby, wbs \bthsk Okbokbj wkm‘j omg` tm Zmrmftm tm vhsht khsshst`r. Bat`r l`hfe bsc`j tm bpp`br bt 8 b.g. amr khs ahrst _hfei`s gbtok, \bthsk, smg` 2? kmursibt`r, kbj piby`j khs sòmfj bfj, bs k` wmuij wbht fm imfe`r‚khs ibst. ’Ht wbs b pmmr skmw,‗k` sbhj, sm H ebv` tk` wbicmut tm Ubii.‗

B susphohmus-immchfe twmsmg`= Brtkur Fh`v`s bfj Imuhs` OkmtrbsTkmtms ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



:4?

_thii bfmtk`r Hft`rfbthmfbi whtk b wmrj mr twm tm sby blmut tk` omfjhthmfs wbs tk`baabli` Hrbfhbf stbr Kmuskbfe Lmzmrezbj`k. K`‘j ahrst piby`j k`r` 2: y`brs bem, wk`fhgprmv`g`fts o`rtbhfiy f``j`j tm l` gbj`. Zmjby fmtkhfe kbj okbfe`j‚v`fu` hgprmv`g`ftssthii kbjf‘t l``f gbj`. Ht wbsf‘t rhekt, k` sbhj, fmt tm kbv` skmw`rs bvbhibli` amr tk` piby`rs3 ha k` wbft`j tm em lboc tm khs kmtì tm skmw`r, ht wbsf‘t mfiy tk` hfomfv`fh`fo`, k` kbj tm pby b

twm-wby tbxh abr`, `v`f kbj tm luy bfmtk`r thoc`t tm e`t lboc hftm tk` Abhrermufjs. Bfj tk`br`fb s`t-up, ht wbs bwaui. Zk` 5 tbli`s skmuij l` r`juo`j tm 1, tk` omurts lbrrh`r`j3 tk`r`muekt tm l` sgbii tbli`s amr tk` ugphr`s3 ihekts skmuij l` strufe up, tk` whfjmws ourtbhf`j tmc``p mut tk` eibr`. Lbrrh`r`j-maa prbotho` tbli`s skmuij l` s`t up wk`r` mf` jhjf‘t kbv` tmokbs` tk` lbii hftm bfhgbi jrmpphfes3 bfj b piby`r muekt fmt tm l` tkr`bt`f`j whtk jàbuitwk`f tk` gbtok`s br`f‘t thg`-sok`jui`j bfj, ihc` Kugpty-Jugpty, k`/sk`‘s shtthfe mf `je`,ufbli` tm k`br khs fbg` obii`j oi`briy mv`r tk` imujsp`bc`r.

Zk` Bg`rhobfs bfj Obfbjhbfs kbj trh`j hf tk` Hft`rfbthmfbi Gbtok`s tm ehv` tk` tkhfesmg` oibss. Lut ht wbs wkmiiy mur hfhthbthv` tkbt lrmuekt blmut okbfe`. Lml Cbghfscy, P._.G`f‘s Z`bg Obptbhf, pusk`j amr tk` pbrbiiì gbrokhfe-hf ma tk` r`j bfj liu` ufhamrg`j piby`rs, tk` k`bj-ma-tk`-ihf` aibe l`br`rs (tkmuek lmtk lmys w`r` ufboomuftbliy Obfbjhbf),

tk` `xokbfe` ma p`ffbfts bfj ehats, tk` photur`s sfbpp`j ly tk` kurryhfe pkmtmerbpk`rs3 tk`spòhbi up-armft r`s`rv`j s`bthfe sòthmf amr tk` t`bgs.

Lut wk`f w` hf tk` bujh`fo` rms` amr tk` pibyhfe ma mur fbthmfbi Bftk`g, bfj ht obg`tkrmuek, ihc` tk` gbrokhfe-hf gusho, sm orboc`j bfj jhssmfbft, H p`rsmfbiiy wbs v`ry guokgmv`j, bfj aìt ihc` immchfe bt mur aibe, bfj tkmuekt, ’Uìi, tk` jr`bg hs tk`r`, tk` àamrt kbs l``f gbj` tm bt i`bst stbrt b okbfe`.‗ Bfj tkmuek tk` surrmufjhfes w`r` sm hfhghobi bs tmgbc` mf` skbc` khs k`bj bt tk` hfomferuhty ma ht bii, ht r`biiy wbsf‘t omgho tm g` lut pmhefbft,kugbf.

Zk`r` wbs ’omimr‗ bgmfe tk` g`f bt tk` tmurfbg`ft, lut, hf tk` lèhffhfe, fmt guokjrbgb. Mf` omuij phoc mut \mry Lrbsshfetmf whtk khs er``f-thft j pmc`r vhsmr (k`‘j kbjtrmuli` whtk khs `y`s bii w``c`fj, c`pt pmchfe hf smg` smiuthmf)3 mr Nmkf Zbff`khii, hf khs

mv`rbiis, nust omg` up tm wbtok ‛obus` k` sbhj k` omuijf‘t e`t hftm pibyhfe phfe-pmfe 0 kmurs bjby bfygmr`3 mr Ourths GoF`br hf b liboc omwlmy mutaht,tm l` ghstbc`f p`rkbps amr b jr`ss`j-up omwkbfj hf tk`

bjnbo`ft Omrrbi \`stburbft.Zkrmuek tk` ahrst ;< gbtok`s ma tk` G`f‘s, bshj`

armg mf` lhe ups`t, tk`r` w`r` mfiy twm gbtok`s wmrtkomgg`fthfe mf. \by Gboc, wkm‘j l``f pibyhfe hfObihamrfhb, wbs lboc hf \mok`st`r, F.X. bfj somr`j b tbut28-hf-tk`-0tk whf mv`r amrg`r Zrhfhjbj stbiwbrt Arbfc

Ubtsmf3 wkhi` Okhobem‘s Nhg Jbv`y bigmst tmmc bwbyGhtok _`bithì‘s emia eimv` hf 0. Zm s`t `v`rymf` strbhekt

mf tk` mf` lhe ups`t, ht‘s fmt tru`, bs smg`lmjy sbhj ma tk` mij ime-okmpp`r, tkbt ’Luch`t imst tm Nmkf Ruhoc lòbus` k` jhjf‘t wbft tm piby Okuh bebhf, jhjf‘t wbft tmk`br tk` smufj ma tkbt wmmj.‗

Nmkf, wkm‘s 21, hs armg F`w Mri`bfs, lut k`sp`ft tk` sugg`r hf Aimrhjb. Bs ahrst bit`rfbt` mf tk` P._.Nufhmr Z`bg k`‘j l``f trbhfhfe amr tkhs tmurfbg`ftr`bjhfe soh`fo` ahothmf‚’Ht gbc`s ymu wmfj`r, gbc`s

Fmrhcbzu Aunhh



:4:

ymu jr`bg‗‚bfj prbothohfe rèuibriy bt Fmrhcbzu Aunhh‘s f`w Nm` F`webrj`f-spmfsmr`j oiul

hf Ghbgh. Fmrh, amrg`r Nbpbf`s` er`bt, kbj c`pt tìihfe Ruhoc k` kbj tm e`t abst`r, quhoc`r‚ tkbt k` omuijf‘t c``p khtthfe tk` lbii l`khfj khg. K`r` hf Zmrmftm, Nmkf, wkm wbfts tm l` bsure`mf, gmv`j L`rfh` armg omrf`r tm omrf`r, c`pt jhssòthfe tk` mij gbf‘s strbtèy ly

aibskhfe lbiis bt khg tkbt w`r` biwbys jhaahouit tm limoc, w`r` f`v`r rhekt bt khg. Omgpbr`j tmAunhh‘s omuft`r, sbhj Nmkf, L`rfh`‘s wbs bwauiiy simw.

Bebhfst Okuh, mf` ma mur tmp piby`rs, Ruhoc bebhf w`ft 0 ebg`s. Bfj tkmuek k` jhjf‘t

whf, tk`r` hsf‘t bfy 21-y`br-mij w` kbv` wkm, bebhfst tkhs jhaahouit-tm-piby iàty p`fkmij`r,omuij kbv` jmf` l`tt`r.

Ihg Ghfe, hf turf, wmf b v`ry, v`ry oims` gbtok mv`r Ob`tbfm tm e`t tm tk` qubrt`r‘s. Okuhstbys bihv` ly whffhfe tk` ?rj, <0-<?. Zk`f, lèhffhfe tm us` tk` jr`bj`j wmmj`f shj` ma khs rboc`t, phocs up gmg`ftug ly tbchfe tk` :tk. Hftm tk` `fj-ebg` 0tk tk`y em, bfj ht‘s bfylmjy‘s gbtok. Pp2;-25, Okuh, s`rvhfe, bfthohpbt`s l`buthauiiy Ob`tbfm‘s r`bjhf`ss tm try tm tbc` tk` maa`fs`> bs @rrmi

gmv`s abst tm mf` shj`, Ghfe puts ht wk`r` k` bhf‘t‚puts ht hf abot maa tk` tbli`! 2;-bii. Zk`f‚ymuf`v`r sbw twm gmr` f`rvmus piby`rs‚@rrmi abhis tm r`turf s`rvho`. Bat`r wkhok Okuh s`rv`s bfj

ghss`s @rrmi‘s r`turf. 28-bii. Zk`f ht‘s Ghfe up <4-28, gbtok pmhft, whtk bebhf khs s`rv`. Bfj wkbtoi`v`r tkhfe jm ymu tkhfc k` jm`s whtk ht= Zkbt‘s rhekt‚k` s`rv`s maa. Bebhf. <4-bii.

Bfj fmw @rrmi immps mf` hf, yìis, rbhs`s khs kbfjs khek3 lut Okuh kmijs abst. Zk`fGhfe kbs tk` bj, s`rv`s. Ubht! Ob`tbfm hsf‘t r`bjy‚bat`r bii, k`‘s ghss`j b omupi` bimfe tk`

wby, jm`sf‘t wbft tm jm ht fmw. K` puts khs rboc`t l`khfj khs lboc, wkhris bfj obtok`s tk` lbii,khs lboc tm tk` tbli`. Kmuskbfe whii ibt`r `xoht`jiy sby tm g`, ’Zkbt‘s nust kmw Nmfy`r imst khsgbtok tm Ih Au-nufe hf Fbemyb‚jhjf‘t put up khs kbfj bfj obuekt tk` lbii.‗ Lut w`‘r` fmt hf Fbemyb, bfj fm mf`‘s tryhfe tm tbc` bjvbftbe` ma bfmtk`r.

Obrmf Iàa...ghfjhfe tk` stmr` amr Fmrh Nmkf Ruhoc ups`ts L`rfh` Luch`t

Tkmtm ly

Gbi Bfj`rsmf



:40

M.c., @rrmi‘s r`bjy. Immps hf ? hf b rmw, ahfhsk`s whtk bf-brmufj-tk`-wmrij wkhri. Jùo`.Bfj jùo bebhf…tm <1-bii….Pfthi up, up, up sphrbis Ob tbfm‘s rboc t‚ht‘s bii mv r amr khg, k ‘s imst.

Ghfe kbs b guok `bsh`r thg` hf tk` qubrt`r‘s bebhfst Kmuskbfe wkm‘j cfmoc`j mutEi`ff Omwbf hf :. _uok b kbppy-k`brt`j ihtti` ’spmhi`r‗ tkhs Hrbfhbf, lut tmjby, whtk khs twm-ahfe`r`j erhp, khs kbrj lbt, khs mat`f gbrvìmusiy pibo`j okmp-limocs, kbfjs lbibfo`j bt bii

bfei`s, khs‚ouocmm!‚oimoc-sprhfe amr`kbfj, k` obf‘t thg` ht bii rhekt, bfj wk`f Okuh whfstk` ?rj ebg` bt 28, tk` oimoc stmps.Okuh, tmm, tkmuek, hs j`sthf`j tm l` l`bt`f ? strbhekt, hs stmpp`j skmrt ma tk` ahfbis ly

tk` pr`-tmurfbg`ft abvmrht`, L`rfkbrjt.Mf tk` _w`j`‘s shj` ma tk` jrbw, lboc hf tk` 21 tk‘s, tk`r` br` twm v`ry emmj gbtok`s.

Hf tk` ahrst ma tk`s`, \`s`c vs. _khrmcy, @rrmi, bat`r l`hfe up <4-2: hf tk` 2st, jrmps ; strbhekt pmhfts, wbics brmufj tk` tbli` b ims r. Lut tk`f, k` sbys ibt r, k` emt gbj. K` bism lèbf

e`tthfe b k`bjbok` bfj tk`f b lbocbok` armg tryhfe tm sphf tk` lbii kbrj`r bfj abst`r bebhfstBi`x. Bt tk` lr`bc, Gmrt ^bcbrhf, P_ZZB Omrr`spmfjhfe _òr`tbry, hs pr`ss`j hftm s`rvho` bsb gbssùr. K tbics tm @rrmi, smmtkhfeiy, j`gbfjhfeiy. Zyp`s up mf khs v`rt`lrb b ahrg, y`t rìbx`ji`tt`r ma bjvho`. Zk`f s`fjs khg maa‚smrt ma bhr gbhi spòhbi jìhv`ry. Bfj wkbt whtk _khrmcy

kmpì`ssiy tryhfe tm sgboc ?rj

-lbii lbockbfjs hf maa \`s`c‘s skmrt sphf r`turf ma s`rv`, tk` :-ebg`gbtok hs smmf mv`r. _m, sur` `fmuek, @rrmi hs jìhv`r`j hftm tk` lmx ma tk` f`xt rmufj. Zkbt‘s

bebhfst Obfbjb‘s :-thg` Okbgphmf Ibrry I``, bfj @rrmi bebhf ims`s tk` 2st, bebhf whfs hf :.Hf tk` qubrt`r‘s, \`s`c g``ts L`rfkbrjt, <4, -<2, 20, 2? omfqu`rmr ma Obfbjb‘s T`t`r

Emfjb. Lut k` nust obf‘t kbfji` tk` _w`j`‘s whj` vbrh`ty ma s`rv`s. ’K` s`rv`j sm quhociytmm,‗ sbhj @rrmi. ’H‘j ghss ht, k`‘j phoc tk` lbii up bfj quhociy s`rv` bebhf. K` jhjf‘t v`f ehv`tk` ugphr` b okbfo` tm somr` tk` ebg`.‗ \`s`c bism imst pmhfts ly s`rvhfe skmrt‚prmgpthfetk` lbii tm omg` lboc whtk smg` k`bvy shj`sphf k` omuijf‘t r`bj. Ahfbiiy ht lòbg` oi`br tm tk`

okbii`fe`r tkbt k` wbs tm tmpsphf tk` s`rv` j``p, tk`f immp tm L`rfkbrjt‘s amr`kbfj‚ wk`rùpmf tk` lbii wmuij aimbt lboc khek whtk fmtkhfe mf ht bfj @rrmi omuij gurj`r ht. Uìi, htwmrc`j amr mf` ebg` bfywby.

\hvbihfe tk` Okuh/Ob`tbfm gbtok wbs tk` L`rfkbrjt-\bpkì mf` tkbt kbj tk` ormwjwhij whtk xoht`g`ft. Tbui sbys k` sp`fjs 0 kmurs mr sm gmst jbys bt Ghiib Lmozbr‘s

Zk` gbtok tkbt kbj tk`g bii tbichfe>

\bpkì‘s f`br-whf mv`r L`rfkbrjtTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



:41

Kmiiywmmj Oiul‚< kmurs pibyhfe, ? kmurs wbtokhfe ZQ (’Fm, H jmf‘t jm bfy obihstk`fhos,jmf‘t trbhf, tkmuek H mfo` rbf b ghi` < jbys hf b rmw‗). Hf tk` ibst y`br mr sm, k`‘s omg` upwhtk b ^mrrm-ihc` wkhp ma b immp tkbt surìy f`v`r skmw`j tm l`tt`r bjvbftbe` tkbf hf khs <-ebg`s-tm-2- up, 28-bii-hf-tk`-:tk gbtok whtk tk` lrmmjhfe L`rfkbrjt.

Zk`r` s``gs tm l` fm nufhmr brmufj jr`ss`j whtk Tbui‘s lrhekt r`j aimw`r ma bf

hgbehfbthmf. ’Uk`r`‘j ymu e`t tkbt imfe, put-bwby amiimw tkrmuek=‗ H bsc`j khg.’Zk` s`qu`fo` skmts hf Zmphos ‚ymu cfmw, ma Cibgpbr‚tk`y hfsphr`j g`,‗ k` sbhjwhtk b puochsk erhf.

Lut mut tk`r` whtk L`rfkbrjt k` wbs bii liboc-nugp-suht`j s`rhmus‚puskhfe,omuft`rhfe b a`w, tk`f immphfe tm tk` amr`kbfj, orbochfe mf` bat`r bfmtk`r bwby.

Ukbt wbs emhfe tkrmuek ymur k`bj bt 28-bii hf tk` :tk=‗ H wbft`j tm cfmw.’Zkbt ha H whf tkhs gbtok H‘ii trbhf `v`ry jby amr tk` r`st ma gy iha`.‗

Uìi, wkbt obf ymu sby tm tkbt= K` jhjf‘t whf. Lut k`‘s tk` oims`st tkhfe w`‘v` kbj tmb orbzy, okbrhsgbtho \`hsgbf shfo`, wìi, \`hsgbf. K` nust ghekt lòmg` mur er`bt`st piby`r ma tk` ‛54‘s.

G`bfwkhi`, mv`r mf Kbsibg‘s shj` ma tk` jrbw tk`r` wbs bf `briy, uf`xpòt`j

j`vìmpg`ft. Aubrfbjm \ml`rts kbj emtt`f gbtok-pmhft-omrf`r`j hf tk` ?rj, bfj kbj lbrìy`sobp`j, bt i`bst t`gpmrbrhiy, whtk mf` ma khs l`wkhsc`r`j ihv`s. Ukm wbs ehvhfe khg bii tkhs

trmuli`= Ukm kbj khg <-2 jmwf=_bufmrhs=…Ukm‘s k`=Biehs _bufmrhs hs b sure`mf hf Qhifhus, Ihtkubfhb,

wkm‘s omg` mv`r k`r` amr b skmrt thg` tm vhsht khs gmtk`r hf f`brly Kbghitmf. K` hs bism, ht turfs mut, gbfy-thgÌhtkubfhbf Okbgp bfj v`f tk` P__\ Okbgp lboc hf

‘12. Hf 2814, hf abot, hf tk` @urmp`bf Okbgphmfskhps, k`‘jemtt`f tm tk` ahfbi ma tk` Jmuli`s. Fmw k` pibys prhgbrhiyamr rìbxbthmf. ’Ims` b phfe-pmfe ebg`, tkbt‘s mf` tkhfe,‗

sbys tk` jmotmr, ’lut ims` b iha`, tkbt‘s bfmtk`r‚tk`r`‘s fmf`xt thg`.‗

Ht gby wìi l` tkbt _bufmrhs kbs fmt l``f pibyhfe

guok‚amr tm e`t tm \mllh`‘s bfth-tmpsphf ebg`, k`‘j kbj`briy tm em 0 whtk…\mllh`‘s bfth-tmpsphf ebg`. Kuk= Mk!

Kmrbo` \ml`rts. Ht gby bism l` tkbt bii tkbt prbotho`bebhfst tk` ahrst \mllh` pr`pbr`j khg tm sm wìi kbfji` tk`sòmfj.

Bt bfy `v`ft, Aubrfbjm omuijf‘t omfo`ftrbt

wìi‚wbs lmtk`r`j ly mf` ma tk` Zmurfbg`ft Jhòtmrsstbthmfhfe khgs ia bt tk` r`br ma tk` pibyhfe br`b (kbv` tm c``p b oims` `y` mf tkhfes, ymu

cfmw, wmuijf‘t wbft bfytkhfe tm em wrmfe), bfj ly tk` oims` tbli`s r`strhothfe khs rbfe` bfjtk` lbiis armg tk`g hft`rrupthfe khs piby. Jurhfe tk` imfe puskhfe `xokbfe`s, tk` gbtok wbsmfo` stmpp`j 5 thg`s làmr` b pbrthouibr pmhft omuij l` piby`j tm omgpi`thmf. _m \mllh`,gbchfe `rrmr bat`r `rrmr, jhjf‘t `sobp` bat`r bii.

_bufmrhs, hf turf, wbs l`bt`f ? strbhekt ly Qbfomuv`r‘s ^mitbf Tbtbcy wkmg smg` gbyr`g`gl`r kbvhfe wmf tk` B‘s bt tk` ‘5< Fbthmfbi‘s. ’^miih`,‗ wkm wbs b g`gl`r, bimfe whtkE`reìy bfj Cibgpbr, ma tk` ‘18-54 Kufebrhbf Nufhmr Z`bg ombok`j ly Umrij OkbgphmfA`r`fo` _hjm, iàt Lujbp`st hf tk` sugg`r ma 2854 bfj w`ft 1 gmftks tm Htbiy. Bat`r wkhok k`

Biehs _bufmrhs - r`pmrt`jiy tk`

2812 P__\ OkbgphmfTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



:45

kbj b okmho`‚`htk`r tm em tm Obfbjb mr tk` P._. K` okms` Obfbjb lòbus` k`‘jk`brj tkbt tk` pbo` wbsf‘t sm kòtho tk`r`.

Bitkmuek k` spmc` fm @feihsk ibstabii, Tbtbcy stujh`j 1 kmurs b jby amr :

gmftks, fmw obf gbc` khgsìa `bshiyufj`rstmmj. Amiimwhfe b prmerbg ma ’_okmmi ahrst, Zbli` Z ffhs sòmfj,‗ k`‘sstujyhfe bt tk` L.O. _okmmi ma Zòkfmimey.K` wbs imbf`j tk` stbfjly bhrabr` tm omg`tm Zmrmftm ly b \mgbf ObtkmihoHft`rfbthmfbi Bhj _moh`ty tkbt kìps

@bst`rf @urmp`bf hggherbfts.

@brih`r ^miih` kbj emtt`f ly 25-y`br-mij\ml`rt @bri` armg Lbrlbjms. (Hf tk` NuiyObrhll`bf Okbgphmfskhps bt Tmrt ma _pbhf,Zrhfhjbj, @bri` kbj l`bt`f Lrbtkwbht`, tk`f imst,2; hf tk` :tk hf tk` ahfbi, tm Ob`tbfm wkm‘j bism

jà`bt`j Aubrfbjm \ml`rts bfj T`t`r Emrjmf_t`pk`fs. Ob`tbfm/Lrbtkwbht` kbj wmf tk` g`f‘sJmuli`s tk`r`, wkhi` \ml`rts kbj t`bg`j whtk

Umg`f‘s whff`r Gmfhob J`_muzb tm tbc` tk`Ghx`j armg _t`pk`fs/Gbeeh` Lurf`tt.) Hf tk`qubrt`r‘s k`r` hf Zmrmftm, kmw`v`r, Tbtbcy

omuijf‘t e`t gmr` tkbf 2? armg _w``rhs, abst bpprmbokhfe khs pibyhfe p`bc làmr` g``thfeKbsibg hf tk` s`gh‘s.

I`s, g`bfwkhi` (’Jmf‘t tkhfc H wbs l`hfe brrmebft mut tk`r`,‗ H k`brj khg sby tm mf`ma khs mppmf`fts), wbsf‘t kbvhfe guok trmuli` whtk bfylmjy. Mfo`, hf tk` ghjji` ma b pmhft,jrhv`f lboc tm r`trh`v` b lbii bt tk` lbrrh`rs, k` wbs mv`rk`brj shfehfe tm khgsìa. Bfmtk`r thg`, jhaa`r`ft pmhft, sbg` pibo`, wkhi` wbhthfe amr b sgbsk tm e`t tm khg, k` wbs k`brj tm sby,

quht` obsubiiy, tm tk` rmvhfe Zmurfbg`ft Jhròtmr hfshj` tk` br`fb, ’Umuij ymu ghfj gmvhfe, pi`bs`=‗ Zk`f k` sgboc`j b ghekty omuft`r bii tk` wby lboc mftm tk` tbli bfj wmf tk` pmhft.

Kbsibg l`bts tk` ahfe`r-sfbpphfe, jmuli`-whfe immp`r _bg Kbggmfj, ?-4, hf tk` ;tk

‘s,bat`r _bg gbfbe`j tm survhv` b gbrvìmus 21, -2?, -2?, <:, 28 gbtok whtk b v`ry jhsbppmhft`jJbffy _``ghii`r. Uhtk wkbt b wmfj`raui ihekt tmuok Jbffy sgmtk`rs _bg‘s wmuij-l`trbgpmihf` kmps. I`s, wkm mat`f immcs lmr`j tm j`btk mf omurt, tk`f stmps Lrbtkwbht` wkm‘j

cfmoc`j mut J`r`c Ubii.Jà`fjhfe Okbgphmf _w``rhs wbs quht` hrrhtbt`j tm kbv` rò`hv`j fmtkhfe gmr` tkbf b

gòkbfhobiiy-hfs`rt`j `ftry libfc hf tk` gbhi…bjjr`ss`j tm ’Ghss Jìi _w``rhs.‗ K` tkmuektk` j`s`rv`j guok l`tt`r‚aìt k` wbs l`hfe tbc`f amr erbft`j, tkbt ht jhjf‘t r`biiy gbtt`r tm

^mitbf ’^miih`‗ TbtbcyTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf

Lbrlbjms stbr \ml`rt @bri`Tkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



:4;

tk` spmfsmrs wk`tk`r k` piby`j mr fmt. K` s`ft hf khs `ftry bimfe whtk b fmt` suee`sthfe tkbtk` wmuij tbc` ht chfjiy, ht wmuij l` b fho` e`stur`, ha tk` Zmurfbg`ft Omgghtt`` wmuij pbykhs trbvìhfe `xp`fs`s‚tkbt hs, amr ;44 ghi`s bt $.24 b ghi`, $;4‚mr bt i`bst prmvhj` khg whtkar`` kmsphtbihty, mr bt tk` v`ry i`bst omgpihg`ft khg whtk ar`` `ftrh`s hftm tk` tmurfbg`ft.

Omg`s lboc b i`tt`r armg Mftbrhm ZZB Tr`shj`ft E`mre` Nmvbfmv. B pmihoy i`tt`r. U`

kbv` tkmuekt ma pbyhfe mur Jà`fjhfe Okbgphmfs‘ xp`fs`s‚lut w` kbv` whff`rs armgNbpbf, Ozòkmsimvbchb, @feibfj…armg bii mv`r tk` wmrij. Ht wmuij l` tmm `xp`fshv` w`r` w`tm `stblihsk tk` prò`j`ft ma prmvhjhfe trbfspmrtbthmf omsts amr mur whff`rs. Bfj, l`shj`s, w`kbv` gbfy `v`fts bfj sm wmuij kbv` tm pby omsts amr `bok okbgphmf, wmuij w` fmt=

_w``rhs tkmuekt fmt. Ubsf‘t tk`r` b lhe jhaa`r`fo` l`tw``f fmt l`hfe bli` tm baamrj$;4…bfj $?04= Umuijf‘t smg` ahrst st`p l` l`tt`r tkbf fmf` bt bii= Mk, wkbt ok`bp,jhserboàui trmpkh`s w`r` maa`r`j hf tk` Hft`rfbthmfbi Okbgphmfskhps. Ht wbs fmuek tm gbc`

piby`rs wbft tm amrg b Tiby rs Bssmohbthmf.Lut, bfywby, Jìi, prhvbtìy eruglihfe, obg`.

I`s Kbsibg mf khs wby tm rbiiyhfe armg 2?-5 jmwf hf tk` 0tk tm bjvbfo` mv`r Jìi _w``rhs.

Pgphr` hs Nmkf Zbff`khii

Tkmtms ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



:48

Bfj bigmst omfqu`r`j. Hf imshfe, 28 hf tk` 0tk, hf tk` s`gh‘s tm Kbsibg, k` piby`j tkhsy`br p`rkbps `v`f l`tt`r tkbf k` jhj hf ibst y`br‘s ahfbi bebhfst @feibfj‘s Bibf Kyj`s. Zru`, tk`Nbgbhobf wbs smg`thg`s obrì`ss. Uhtk tk` gbtok 2-2 bfj I`s kmijhfe tk` bj hf tk` ? rj, k`s`rv`s maa‚`fjs up imshfe tkhs swhfe ebg`. Hf tk` :tk, lmtk piby`rs, Kbsibg pbrthouibriy, omg`tkrmuek whtk smg` gbrvìmus lboc-armg-tk`-tbli` xokbfe`s bfj omuft`rs, bfj tk` gbtok hs

`v`f. Hf tk` 0tk, _w``rhs stbrts mut strmfe, hs up :-4, bfj ibt`r, sprbwi`j aibt, lbt mut ma khskbfj, k` whfs tk` pmhft tm kmij st`bjy bt 8-0. Jmwf 5-22, Kbsibg (hs k` orbochfe=) tbc`s bfbwcwbrj lbockbfj sgbsk, 5-2<. Zk`f 5-2?. Lmfe Gm I``, shtthfe l`shj` g`, hs sbyhfe,’Zkhfc làmr` ymu s`rv`!‗ Jìi s`rv`s, trh`s tm immp tk` r`turf, ghss`s. Bebhf k` s`rv`s, bebhftrh`s tm immp tk` r`turf, ghss`s. Bfj fmw, b ihtti` uff`rv`j, k` s`rv`s bfj bebhf ghss`s tk`r`turf.

Uhtk f`w iha`, Kbsibg puiis tm 25-2;. Bat`r wkbt s``gs tk` mlihebtmry tmwì lr`bc, I`ss`rv`s, lbockbfjs hf, kbrj, Jìi‘s r`turf‚2;-bii…Jìi somr`s whtk b amr`kbfj‚28-bii. Fmw

I`s gbc`s bf blsmiutìy abftbstho omuft`r tm em bk`bj, tk`fs`rv`s, bfj aibglmybftiy sgbocs bfmtk`r kbrj lbockbfj hf.

Kbsibg hf, _w``rhs mut._m ht‘s ahfbis thg`.

Lut, mk, mk, H‘v` fmt ehv`f ymu r`suits armg tk`mtk`r `v`fts, sm ahrst k`r` tk`y br` whtk smg` lrhà omgg`ftbry.

Umg`f‘s. Ahfbi> Qhmi`ttb F`sucbhths mv`r NujyLmok`fsch, 2;, -21, 25, 20. _`gh‘s> F`sucbhths, `bshiy, mv`r Biho` Er``f (wkm‘j tbc`f mut Bfeìhtb \msbi hf :)3

Lmok`fsch (wkm‘j ìhghfbt`j Gbrhbfff Jmgmfcms 2; hftk` :tk) mv`r Mieb _mit`sz, 22, -<2, -<<, 2?, 24. Zmrmftm‘sLhrutb Tiuobs, wkm‘j l``f tm twm trbhfhfe obgps tkhs

sugg`r, kbj `xoìi`ft whfs mv`r Lbrlbrb Cbghfscy (-8, <4,<<, -2<, <2) bfj Ghiih` _kbkhbf (2<, 20, -28, 2;). Hf k`r Gbii Zmur ma Bg`rhob tkhs sugg`r whtk jbj Imu bfj

lrmtk`r Ghc`, Nujy maa r`j $<0 tm bfy piby`r wkm omuij l`bt k`r. Mfiy 2? mut ma tkmusbfjs jhj. Hf k`r 0-ebg`s`gh‘s whtk Nujy, Mieb sbhj k`r amr`kbfj wbsf‘t emhfe hfbfj tkbt amr smg` r`bsmf sk` jhjf‘t wbft tm gmv` mv`r bfjkht ht l`tt`r. Lut whf mr ims` sk` sur` wbft`j tm l` mf tk`gmv` lboc tm Aimrhjb tm piby whtk tkbt f`w obr sk` emt b

gmftk mr sm bem.G`f‘s Jmuli`s. Ahfbi> Kbsibg/Ibrry I`` mv`r

Ob`tbfm/Emfjb, ?-4. Zk` Obfbjhbfs wkm‘j mutibst`j\`s`c/Okuh hf b 28 hf tk` 0tk s`gh‘s, amufj Kbsibg‘sshj`sphfs v`ry jhaahouit tm immp. @brih`r, \`s`c/Okuh lbrìyjà`bt`j _w``rhs/Lhii I`sf`r jùo` hf tk` ?rj.

Umg`f‘s Jmuli`s. Ahfbi> Kì`f _hg`ri/Gbrh` C`rr gbj` b er`bt ‟28, -25, <2, 28, 21 omg`lboc tm tbc` tk`thti` armg Lmok`fsch/\msbi‚tk` ahrst thg` Obfbjhbfs kbv`wmf tk` Umg`f‘s Jmuli`s hf 20 y`brs.

Lhrutb Tiuobs> trbhfhfe obgps kìp




:24

Ghx`j Jmuli`s. Ahfbi> Ob`tbfm/Q. F`sucbhths mv`r Ghtok _`bithì/Mieb _mit`sz. _`gh‘s>Ob`tbfm/F`sucbhths mv`r \`s`c/\msbi, 2?, -20, -<4, 22, 28 (tk` sòmfj 28 hf tk` 0tk Jmuli`s

s`gh‘s k` imst)3 _`bithì/_mit`sz mv`r Lmeebf/Lmok`fsch, 28, -28, 2:, <2.

G`f‘s B‘s. Ahfbi> @rho Tkhiihps mv`r Ruhoc, 2;, <4, 20. Umg`f‘s B‘s. Ahfbi> _u`Khij`lrbfjt mv`r _khri`y E`rm, -20, 20, 25. _`gh‘s> Khij`lrbfjt mv`r Jhbfb Gy`rs, 2?, <43E`rm mv`r b sihgg`j-jmwf, bii-s`rhmus-blmut-tbli`-t`ffhs-bebhf Nbfho` Gbrthf, ?, -28, 28.

_`fhmr‘s. Ahfbi> Ubii mv`r _bufmrhs, 25, -20, 2?, 2:.Nufhmr G`f. Ahfbi> \bpkì mv`r Tbui Ci`vhfbs, 22, 8. Nufhmr Ghss. Ahfbi> Lmok`fsch

mv`r Jmgmfcms, -25, 21, 2<. _`gh‘s> Lmok`fsch mv`r L`v K`ss, 2<, <43 Jmgmfcms mv`r \msbi, <2, 20.

Ghx`j Jmuli`s s`gh‘s>

Lmeebf/Lmok`fsch (I) ims`

tm _`bithì/_mit`szTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf

_u` Khij`lrbfjt mf rbiiyhfe tm l`bt Obfbjb‘s _khri`y E`rm hf ahfbi ma Umg`f‘s B‘sTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



:22

Lmys. Ahfbi> Ci`vhfbs mv`r \hoc _``ghii`r, 21, 2:. Ci`vhfbs‘s (8, -28, 28) tmuek`st

gbtok wbs whtk Lruo`Timtfhoc (bfj tkmuek k`‘sblmut tm l` Lbr Ghtzvbk`j,

k` sthii immcs ihc` bfbpp`bihfe ihtti` Jhoc`fs wbha tm g`). Ehris. Ahfbi>

Jmgmfcms mv`r K`ss, 21, -2;, 24. Hf tk` s`gh‘s,Gbrhbff wmf b <;-<1 2st

ebg` armg Gy`rs.Ghje`ts. Ahfbi>

@jjh` Im mv`r T`t`r Nm`, -

<4, 2?, 28.Zk`r` r`gbhfs tk`f

mfiy tk` mf` ahfbi G`f‘sgbtok> L`rfkbrjt mv`r Kbsibg, 20, 21, 2;. Lutwkbt obf H sby blmut ht= Zkbt Kbsibg hs pibyhfe whtk b L`rfkbrjt _theb rboc`t= Mr tkbt bs mf`

mls`rv`r sbhj ma tk` @xkhlhthmf ?rj ebg`, ’Ht‘s guok l`tt`r wk`f Kbsibg khts tm L`rfkbrjt.Zk`f ymu s`` `v`rytkhfe‚tk` lbiimmf j`a`fs`, tk` nugps, tk` i`bps, tk` imfe tkrusts.‗

Lut wky put mf bf @xkhlhthmf= @sp`ohbiiy wk`f lmtk Obfbjb bfj tk` P._.wbft tkhsbffubi OF@ tmurfbg`ft tm l` tbc`f s`rhmusiy, tm l` pr`sthehmus.

Ihiihbf, Obri bfj Lruo` Timtfhoc bt Lruo`‘s Lbr Ghtzvbk - obc` mf rhektTkmtms ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf

Lruo`‘s lbii`t st`ps w`r` bigmst `fmuek tm jmwf Ci`vhfbs hf tk` Lmy‘sTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



:2<

Okbpt`r Zkhrty-Mf`

285<> Abii Zmurfbg`fts‚H (Okuh Pps`ts J-N bt Kmustmf).

Gmvhfe tm tk` mtk`r shj` ma Obfbjb, H fmt` tkbt L.O.‘s Brt Lbrrbf r`tbhf`j khs OZZB

Tr`shj`foy, bfj tkbt tk` bffubi Kufebrhbf G`gmrhbi Mp`f, piby`j hf Mot. bt Qbfomuv`r‘sJmueibs Tbrc, jr`w tk` usubi piby`rs bfj imobi maahohbis. \ml`rts, \utthfe`r, bfj Nm` I``‘ssusp`fshmf wmuijf‘t l` ihat`j ufthi Nbf. ?2, 285?. Lut Lbrrbf bfj L.O. jhjf‘t wbft tm emtk`r`= Okbgphmfskhp _hfei`s> \ml \ml`rts zhpp`j ^mitbf Tbtbcy, 2<, 2:, 8. (Bs wìi bsTbtbch‘s l``f pibyhfe, kmw hs suok b lbj l`bthfe pmsshli`=) Umg`f‘s> I`sih` Ubrj mv`r K`fjrhocsmf, <?-<2 hf tk` :tk. Okbgphmfskhp Jmuli`s> \ml`rts/Zmg \utthfe`r mv`r XuchXbgbjb/I.C. Im. Ghx`j Jmuli`s> Tbtbcy/Ubrj mv`r @rho Obivì`y/Kurwmmj. B‘s> Lhii J`bf

(kbj tm l` F`w @feibfj‘s Lhii J`bf=) mv`r _`btti`‘s Xbgbjb, <:-<< hf tk` 0tk. L‘s> I`sih` Nm`mv`r E`mre` _tàbfhsshf. O‘s> Jr. T`t`r Btkwbi mv`r Umm. _`fhmr‘s> Arbfc Cbrhcb mv`r KuekUbrj, -<0, 2?, -25, 28, 2;. Nufhmr G`f> T`t`r Nm` mv`r M._. Btkwbi. Nufhmr Umg`f> Ubrjmv`r Nmy N`fchfs.

Zk` L.O. Bssmohbthmf piby`rs, bs tk`hr Okhà Pgphr` \miibfj Lmurbssb tìis us, piby`jkmst tm b T`ruvhbf t`bg (@zzhm bfj Ehbfobrims _omtthfh, Iuhs Ièbrjb, Nms` Qhboblb, Bftmfhm

Emg`z, Gbrhtzb Okhbppm, bfj Ahfb _bibzbr) tkbt hfoiuj`j b Fmv. :tk Hft`rfbthmfbi Gbtok‚ wkhok tk` vhshtmrs wmf ;-?. L.O. pbrthohpbfts w`r`> T`t`r Nm`, Tkhihp Ok`fe, Tbui Bilròkt,^mitbf Tbtbcy, @rho Obivì`y, Lr`fjb K`frhosmf, Nmy N`fchfs, I`sih` Ubrj, bfj G`ri` Lbeemm-U``c`s. Mfiy Nm`, Ok`fe, bfj Tbtbcy w`r` bli` tm rèhst`r whfs.

K`r` wbs Hr`f` Meus, b w``c làmr` tk` Zrymuts amr tk` 285? P._. Umrij Z`bg,whffhfe tk` _bf Arbfohsom Abii Mp`f. Omuij sk` l` omfshj`rhfe b gmv` tm try bfj gbc` tk`

Z`bg= G`f‘s whff`r> \hokbrj Z`rry mv`r Nàa Gbsmf. (L`st G`f‘s gbtok> E`mre` Gbcc mv`r Bzgy Hlrbkhg hf 0.) Bt tk` Gmj`stm Oims`j, Gbsmf wmf tk` Gbst`rs _hfei`s mv`r GhcÈr``f`, bfj Gbsmf/Z`rry tk` Jmuli`s mv`r Er``f` bfj Gmkbgg`j Bekhih. B‘s> Er``f` mv`r

Nhg Fbhc. L‘s> Kbrry Fìsmf mv`r O whff`r T`t`r Ermmt. _`fhmr‘s> Fìsmf mv`r LyfeAmrsl`re.

Zk` _`pt. Kmiiywmmj Miygphos smufjs ihc` ht ghekt hfvmiv` gbrbtkmf piby‚mr tkbt

Lrbzhihbf Z`bg ebg` \by Gboc tmij g` tk`y piby bt tk` Kmiiywmmj Oiul. Zkr`` mr amur piby`rs gbc` up b t bg. Zm lèhf, twm piby`rs piby b pmhft tm s`` wkm c``ps tk` tbli` (bfj tk`s`rv`). Ebg`‘s tm 04. Tiby`rs bit`rfbt`. Xmu ims` tk` pmhft, ymu sht jmwf, wbht amr bfmtk`r okbfo`. \by sbys, ’Zk`r`‘s fm thg` tm a`ì mut bf mppmf`ft. Ht‘s tmuek tm piby b qubihty pmhftbat`r wbhthfe brmufj.‗

Miygphos r`suits> Mp`f Okbgphmfskhps> \bpkì

mv`r J`fhs M‘Omffìi. G`f‘s> Nmmfe Ehi Tbrc mv`r \byEuhii`f (wkm rufs tk` Oiul amr Ghiib=). L`st gbtok`s>

Tbrc hf 0 mv`r Lhii Pcbpbtbybscui wkm rbiih`j armg jmwf<-4 tm cfmoc mut \bpkì, jùo` hf tk` 0tk. KmwhÈrmssgbf mv`r Nboc Kmwbrj hf 0. Umg`f‘s> TrhsohiibTbrc`r mv`r Bfeh \msbi, 25 hf tk` :tk. G`f‘s Jmuli`s>

Ahfbi> Pcbpbtbybscui/Fhoc Ghftshv`rhs mv`r Euhii`f/\bpkì. _`gh‘s> Lhii P/Fhoc mv`r Lml Bski`y/HokhrmKbskhgmtm, 2; hf tk` 0tk3 Euhii`f/\bpkì mv`r Tbrc/\ussZkmgpsmf, <4, -<4, <?, -2;, 25. Ghx`j Jmuli`s> @rho

J`fhs M‘Omffìi




:2?

Zkmg/\msbi mv`r Ermssgbf/K`btk`r Bfeìhf`ttb hf 0,tk`f (armg jmwf <-4) mv`r Euhii`f/Tbrc`r.

Zk` B‘s w`ft tm Lr`ff`r mv`r L whff`r Emmjst`hf wkm stmpp`j Lhii Ebrr`tt, 28 hf tk` ?rj. Gboc r`g`gl`rs Ebrr`tt, B Jmuli`s whff`r k`r` whtk Kbrmij

Cmpp`r, bs ’b strbpphfe 1‘:‗ btki`t` wkm piby`j whtk b18-o`ft pbjji`, kìj upshj` jmwf ly tk` mutshj` ma tk` libj` (k` kbj `fmrgmus kbfjs).‗ K` wbs b okmpp`r‚ okmpp`j bfj phoc-kht whtk `htk`r kbfj. ’K` wbs mf` ma tk` tmp p`rsphr`rs hf bii ma ZZ khstmry. Zmp ahv`, bt wmrst!Bat`r pibyhfe b ebg` whtk khg, ymu f``j`j b tmwì tmoi`bf up tk` g`ss.‗

Mv`r hf tk` _mutkw`st Gbrhbff` _zbibybfj k`r Kmustmf Z`bg em maa tm tk` ghj-_`pt. G`xhomOhty Hfvhtbthmfbi tm piby tk` G`xhobfs bfj Eubt`gbibfshf tk` l`buthaui Ehgfbshm Mihgphom wk`r` ZQ obg`rbs

wmuij omfthfubiiy ahig piby. Hf bjjhthmf tm tk` w``c`fjtbli` t`ffhs, tk` piby`rs w`r` tbc`f tm f`brly Tyrbghjs

bfj vhsht`j tk` Ohty‘s Gusùg ma Bftkrmpmimey.

Zk` Eubt`gbibfs w`r` v`ryw`bc‚Kmustmf‘s Oòhi Cmst, J. E.Qbf Qmmr`f, bfj Lrbj Amuftbhf l`bt tk`g 0-4 whtkmut imshfe b

ebg`. Lut tk` G`xhobf Bzui(’Liu`‗) t`bg ma v`t`rbfs put upsmg` ahekt, w`ft jmwf 0-2. Burìhm

Nbfm, tk` G`xhobf p`fkmij`r ma Nbpbf`s` j`so`ft, jà`bt`j b fmt-a`ìhfe-wìi Amuftbhf, <-2. Zk`f tk`

ourr`ft G`xhom Fbthmfbi Okbgphmfarmg E`rgbfy, tk` kbrj rull`r piby`r T`p`r L`rftkbi`r (mf whffhfetk` 2st <0-<? bfj bt jùo` hf tk` <fj)

bigmst ahfhsk`j Qbf Qmmr`f wkm‘j

`brih`r jmwf`j tk` G`xhom OhtyOkbgphmf, tk` wmmj limoc`r N`sus Ehi.

Kmw`v`r, bs Qbf Qmmr`f r`pmrts(ZZZ , Nbf.-A`l., 285<, 28), tk` ymutkauiG`xhobf Q`rj` (’Er``f‗) t`bg wbsf‘t bs’er``f‗ bs tk`y‘j l``f ibst y`br wk`f

tk` Z`xbfs l`bt tk`g `bshiy. Fmw tk`ykbj b Nbpbf`s` Ombok fbg`j Cbgbtb,bfj khs okbre`s, ufi`bskhfe ?rj-lbiibttbocs, amro`j tk` whffhfe Kmustmfhbfs

Kmwh` ErmssgbfTkmtm ly

Gbi Bfj`rsmf

J.E. Qbf Qmmr`fArmg ZZ Pfihght`j




:2:

(ht wbs tk`hr 2st th`) hftm tk` ?rj ebg` ma tk` 8tk

gbtok làmr` suoouglhfe. Bism, bs Qbf Qmmr`ftmij b r`pmrt`r, tk` Z`xbfs w`r`f‘t bs y`t’omgpi`tìy booustmg`j tm tk` lmufo` ma tk`sàbst tbli`s mr tm tk` bithtuj` ma G`xhom Ohty.‗

\`suits> Brgbfjm Ruhft`rm j. JmfU``gs, <-23 Gbfuì _hivb j. Cmst (wkm kbjf‘t piby`j amr b gmftk)3 Amuftbhf j. \ml`rtmMt`rm, <-2 (b kue` swhfe gbtok, amr Lrbj kbj l``f jmwf trhpi` gbtok-pmhft hf tk` <fj ebg` làmr` whffhfe 28 hf tk` ?rj)3 Cmst j. Ruhft`rm3Amuftbhf j. _hivb3 Mt`rm j. U``gs3 Amuftbhf j.

Ruhft`rm3 _hivb j. U``gs, <-23 Cmst j. Mt`rm,<-2.

Hf G`f‘s _hfei`s piby, tk` Z`xbfs jhjf‘t abr` wìi. U``gs imst hf ? (c`y wbs b <?-<0 2st

ebg`). Lml Gbfjì w`ft jmwf hf ? (<0-<5 hf tk` ?rj), tk`f, shoc whtk Gmft`zugb‘s r`v`fe`,

iàt hgg`jhbtìy amr tk` kmtì. Amuftbhf lrmc` khs pbjji`, piby`j whtk \`f` \mjrheu`z‘s, wkhokk` f`v`r emt tk` a`ì ma. \mjrheu`z brrhv`j ibt`, f`v`r kbj b wbrg-up, imst twm strbhekt. Qbf

Qmmr`f wbs l`bt`f <0-<?, <2-28. Cmst emt tm tk` qubrt`r‘s, jrmpp`j twm jùo` ebg`s.Uhff`r= _hivb mv`r Ehi.

Zk` Eubt`gbibfs jhjf‘t lrhfe bfy wmg`f piby`rs, lutKmustmf‘s _zbiby bfj _khri`y Umm l`bt tk` G`xhobf Umg`f‘st`bg, ?-2. B v`ry f`rvmus Gbrhbff` mp`fs tm tk` obg`rbs lyimshfe hf tk` ?rj tm 2?-y`br-mij Obrg`f Qhiimrm. Lut tk`f _khri`y

Umm, omuft`r-jrhvhfe armg 24 a``t lboc, ruskhfe hf amr phocs,whfs <-4, tm th` tk` th`. F`xt> tk` jmuli`s‚wkhok Qbf Qmmr`fsbys ghekt kbv` l``f tk` gmst xohthfe gbtok ma tk`

tmurfbg`ft. Mur ehris whf hf ? v`ry oims` ebg`s. Kmw`v`r, tk`gmst stbrtihfe piby s``f ly ZQ vh`w`rs hs y`t tm omg`. Bat`r whffhfe tk` 2st, Gbrhbff` hs jmwf <4-2? hf tk` <fj, lut,

j`t`rghf`j tm em bii mut khtthfe, sk` whfs 2-<-?-:-0-1-5-;-8 hf brmw tm tbc` tk` gbtok bfj ehv` tk` P._. tk` th`. Uhtk tkbt obptm tk` w``c`fj, Gbrhbff` kmp`s tk`r` obf l` bf Hft`rfbthmfbiihc` tkhs `v`ry y`br bfj tkbt t`bgs armg mtk`r omuftrh`s whii e`thfvmiv`j.

Zkr`` w``cs ibt`r, Kmustmf htsìa kìj bf bglhthmus ’Hfvhtbthmfbi‗ tkbt jr`w tm tk`

Amfj` \ò O`ft`r tk` tmp P._. piby`rs. Zk` P_ZZB kbj tm obii ht bf ’Hfvhtbthmfbi,‗ rbtk`r tkbfbf ’Mp`f,‗ lòbus` tk`r` omuijf‘t l` bfy jmult tkbt tk` tkmusbfjs ma jmiibrs hf prhz` gmf`y

tk` spmfsmrs w`r` ehvhfe mut wmuij `xo``j tk` HZZA r`strhothmfs ma sm gbfy _whss arbfos p`r `v`ft. (Bs tkhs HZZA rui` hs guok tmm r`strhothv`, hgp`j`s tk` prmer`ss ma tk` _pmrt, Tr`shj`ftLmeebf whii wrht` b i`tt`r tm tk` HZZA g`gl`r omuftrh`s urehfe ht l` jmf` bwby whtk.) Zk`spmfsmrs, H wbs tmij, w`r` tk` Ohty ma Kmustmf bfj Kmihjby Hff‚lut gbyl` H skmuij nust

str`ss tkbt ha bfymf` w`r` r`spmfshli` amr ht bii, ht kbj tm l` Zmurfbg`ft Okbhr Gbrhbff` _zbiby.Bfj j`spht` tk` kìp sk` emt armg imobi oiul g`gl`rs‚Lml M‘F`hii, amr hfstbfo`, wkm`xp`rtiy thg`-sok`jui`j bii tk` gbtok`s‚ymu‘j tkhfc, whtk bii tk` iughfbrh`s tkbt obg`, ht wbsgbyl` gmr` tkbf sk` omuij kbfji`….Bfj ht wbs, lut gmr` ma tkbt ibt`r.

Lml Gbfjì -

Gmft`zugb

tmmc r`v`fe`

_khri`y

Umm



:20

Gmst pr``ghf`ft ma tkms` wkm obg` wbs J-N I``, jrhvhfe <8kmurs fmf-stmp armg Oi`vìbfj tm Kmustmf, boomgpbfh`j ly khs

`xkhlhthmf pbrtf`r \hokbrj Abrrìi wkm ufamrtufbtìy obf‘t jrhv` bobr. Zk`y‘v` l``f lbrfstmrghfe rmufj tk` omuftry. @ue`f` Cufym,

wkm kìps I`` sìi bs guok `quhpg`ft bs k` obf bt tmurfbg`fts, hs whtk

tk`g hf tk` obr‚bfj k` obf jrhv`. Lut J-N whii mfiy l` rìh`v`j amr bf kmur mr smtk` `fthr` 2?44-ghi` trhp. K` wbfts tm gbc` sur` tk`y bii e`t tk`r` mf thg`, amr k` cfmws armg`xp`rh`fo` tkbt ha ymu‘r` fmt obràui sihp-ups obf moour. Bimfe tk` wby k` jrhv`s whtk khs fmf-

pibyhfe kbfj mf tk` st``rhfe wk`ì, bfj whtk tk` mtk`r `x`rohs`s whtk b jugllìi._m, m.c., I`` e`ts tm Kmustmf, s`ts up skmp, bfj hs jmhfe nust ahf`. K` prbotho`s b ihtti`

whtk Abrrìi, pibys twm i`hsurìy tmurfbg`ft gbtok`s‚bfj tk`f g``ts Ihg Ghfe Okuh. Ghfekbs k`brj armg Ok`f Tbm-okhfe, mf` ma khs Okhf`s` mppmf`fts mf tk` ‘5< ròhprmobi ’Thfe-Tmfe Jhpimgboy‗ Zmur, tkbt b limoc`r (Okuh) skmuij f`v`r ims` tm b immp`r (I``)‚bfj k` lìh`v`s ht. Zk` pbtt`rf ma piby em`s smg`tkhfe ihc` tkhs. Ha I`` immps kbrj, Okuh nust limocs,

bfj J-N, tm whf tk` pmhft, kbs tm lèhf tm thr` khgsìa ly sphffhfe amr`kbfj bat`r amr`kbfj.’I`` f``js sm guok `f`rey,‗ sbys Okuh, ’ht‘s bgbzhfe k` obf jm sm wìi.‗ Ha I`` jm`sf‘t immp

kbrj, Okuh em`s bii mut whtk wkbt k` obiis khs ’Okhf`s` limoc,‗ b kbrj, bfei`j-maa amrohfe skmttkbt‘s bigmst b jrhv`, tkbt `fbli`s khg‚whtk lmtk a``t maa tk` aimmr, khs shfehfe lhrj ma ’kbpphf`ss‗ g`jbiihmf aiyhfe v`ry wkhok wby rmufj khs fòc‚tm luii`t bwby tk` r`turf.

Ahrst ebg`> Okuh <2, I`` 22. Omuij ht l` tkbt J-N bat`r 0 y`brs ma piby hf tkhs omuftry.hs

blmut tm ims` khs ahrst sbfothmf`j-tmurfbg`ft gbtok tm b P._. piby`r= _òmfj ebg`> Okuh <2,I`` 21. Zk` ormwj hs bir`bjy stuff`j> Khstmry‘s hf tk` gbchfe= Hf tk` tkhrj, Ghfe hs whffhfe: mut ma `v`ry 0 pmhfts mf J-N‘s s`rv`. Khs-wmmj`f-shj`-ma-tk`-rboc`t lbockbfj, khs fmtkhfe lbii, hs ehvhfe I`` pi`fty ma trmuli`‚J.N. obf‘t sphf wìi bebhfst ht. _mmf I`` hs jmwf 2:-8,

J-N I`` bfj Ihg Ghfe Okuh. I`` wbfts tm e`t tkhfes nust rhektArmg Zbli` Z`ffhs Pfihght`j (Omurt`sy ma _u` _bre`ft)

Hfs`t pkmtm ma Okuh ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



:21

wbhthfe fmw hf l`tw``f pmhfts, tkhfchfe, mr tryhfe tm, bfj tbchfe pkbftmg strmc`s….Jmwf25-22, k` abhis tm r`turf s`rv`, bfj ht‘s nust blmut mv`r….

Mr hs ht= 2;-2<, 2;-2?, 2;-2:. ’Jmf‘t i`t ht e`t tm ymu,‗ smg`lmjy yìis tm Okuh. Zk`fJ-N e`ts b f`t> 2;-20. Ht‘s lòmg` sm quh`t b obg`rb wkhrrhfe smg`wk`r` gbc`s b fmhs` ihc`tk` whfes ma lhrjs. 2;-21. Fmw Okuh abhis tm r`turf s`rv`. (Gbyl` ht‘s b spòhbi mf` I``‘s kìj

hf r`s`rv` amr nust suok bf moobshmf= _mg` hf tk` bujh`fo` kbv` f`v`r s``f mf` nust ihc` ht.) 2;-25. ’Lmy, wkbt b ahekt`r J-N hs!‗ b euy f`xt tm g` sbys.Bat`r imshfe 1 pmhfts hf b rmw, Ghfe‘s hf fm kurry tm s`rv`. K` turfs bfj tmwìs bwby

armg tk` tbli`. Bi`x Zbg, tk` amrg`r Gbhfibfj Okhf`s`, f`wiy brrhv`j hf Z`xbs armg Okuh‘samrg`r Kmfe Cmfe, skmuts, ’C``p ht tm khs lbockbfj! C``p obig!‗ I`` sbys, ’Fm ombokhfe!‗Bs Okuh e`ts r`bjy tm s`rv`, I`` sbys tm tk` ugphr`, ’Uhp` tk` lbii.‗ Zk`f J-N ghss`s bamr`kbfj. Zk`f ghss`s bebhf. K` tkrmws up khs kbfjs. _ghi`s. ’Bii ymu f``j hs mf` gmr`

pmhft!‗ smg`mf` yìis tm Okuh. Bfj k` e`ts ht.’H obf‘t lìh`v` J-N hs omghfe bwby whtk mfiy $244,‗ sbys bf mfimmc`r. ’Ht‘ii l`

hft`r`sthfe tm s`` kmw k` tbc`s tkhs imss.‗ I`` skbc`s kbfjs, tk`f kurrh`s armg tk` pibyhfe br`b lboc tm khs `quhpg`ft lmmtk. K`‘s wrhthfe, wrhthfe, wrhthfe. Ht gust l` blmut wk`r` k`‘s emf`

wrmfe. Lut fmlmjy bscs khg. Fmlmjy em`s mv`r tm luy bfytkhfe.Ibt`r, k` obiis Ihfjb bfj sk` orh`s. _thii ibt`r, b omupi` ma fho`, omgghs`rbthfe chjs armg

Jbiibs fbg`j Kufjgbf bfj Gmmjy lrhfe up b ok`st auii ma omij 1-pbocs tm J-N‘s kmtì rmmgbfj w` bii sht brmufj tbichfe bfj jrhfchfe amr b wkhi`.

_m tk`f, strbfe` bs ht s``gs, tk` gbtok`s mf _ufjby br` emhfe tm tbc` pibo` whtkmut J-N. Bfj whtkmut I``‘s Jmuli`s pbrtf`r, Trbjht, tmm. T`t`r, kbvhfe swhtok`j tm hfv`rt`j (k`‘smlvhmusiy fmt us`j tm ht), hs l`bt`f tkr`` strbhekt hf tk`qubrt`r‘s ly tkhs strbfe`r Zbg (wkmg ma omurs` r`bj`rs

ma tk`s` vmiug`s br` abghihbr whtk bs tk` amrg`r Okhf`s`Hft`rfbthmfbi Zbf Okm-Ihf wkm whtk khs wha` `sobp`jarmg Okhfb vhb b jbrhfe swhg tm Kmfe Cmfe). Nmkf

Zbff`khii hs bism emf`, jmf` hf ly \hok Abrrìi wkmgKbsibg s`v`rbi gmftks bem wbs orhthobi ma> ’Ha mfiy kòmfo`ftrbt`j gmr` mf tk` ebg`, hfst`bj ma ihvhfe tk`

khek iha` tkbt k` jm`s.‗ Lut tkmuek Abrrìi wmuij whfmfiy tk` 2st ebg` armg Tbrc, k`‘j o`rtbhfiy kbj khs k`bjtme`tk`r lboc bt tk` e`t-em, rbiiyhfe bs k` jhj mf l`hfejmwf <-4 tm tkbt whiy mij okbgphmf Luch`t.

Bfmtk`r tm abii briy wbs _w``rhs wkm, iuocy tm`sobp` Ghi`s bt tkhs sugg`r‘s Ghff`smtb Oibssho,

omuijf‘t `sobp` khg tkhs thg`‚nust s``g`j ufbli` tmr`bj khs sphf bfj tmm mat`f put tk` lbii up amr Ghi`s tm

puggì bwby. ’_w``rhs muekt tm tbc` maa amr 1 gmftksbfj prbotho` khs lbockbfj,‗ sbys Jhoc. Lmtk Jhoc bfjJìi, bs wìi bs mtk`rs, w`r` omgpibhfhfe blmut kmw tk` lbii wbs hgg`jhbt iy phochfe up pbhft armg tk` tbli`s, kmw

bat`r bok gbtok tk` lbii wmuij l` k`bvh`r. Ghi`s hf pbrthouibr wbs breuhfe tkbt tk` lbiis muekt tm l` okbfe`jbat`r v`ry ebg` (omgpbr` t`ffhs)‚wkhok tkmuekt muekttm gbc` bfy fugl`r ma lbii gbfuabotur`rs kbppy.

Ghi`s, :5> emmj skmw bt Kmustmf



:25

Hf tk` ibst qubrt`r‘s gbtok, Ghi`s hs up <4-2; hf tk` 2st bebhfst Nboc Kmwbrj, lut Nboc sphf-s`rv`s skmrt bfj sgbocs hf b lbzmmcb ma b lbockbfj3 sphf-s`rv`s skmrt bfj ahr`s bebhf3amiimws whtk b lmmghfe amr`kbfj3 tk`f sphf-s`rv`s skmrt bebhf bfj libsts hf tk` r`turf.Bgbzhfe. J`vbstbthfe.

Hf tk` <fj, Jhoc‘s emt Nboc <4-25…2;…28. Lut fmw Nboc obf‘t whf tk` pmhft tkbt

wmuij ihcìy i`t khg tbc` tk` gbtok. Bt tk` lr`bc, Jhoc, kbvhfe piby`j st`bjy jà`fs`, kbvhfetkr`bt`f`j biwbys tm kht hf b amr`kbfj, hs up < ebg`s tm 2. ’Uk`r`‘s Nmkf Zbff`khii=‗ k` sbys.Bfj tk`f tm Nmkf mf l`hfe amufj, ’Fm ombokhfe, ufj`rstbfj= Fm ombokhfe. Lut ymu‘r` gyombok.‗ Bfj Nmkf, sghihfe, sbys, ’Mfiy H wmuij cfmw wkbt k` g`bfs.‗ Bfj tkbt mtk`r Nmkf,tmm‚_mgbì, Umrij‘s bem. Ghi`s ims`s tk` :tk, whfs tk` 0tk. ’Kmwbrj muekt tm tbc` 1 gmftksmaa bfj prbotho` khs amr`kbfj,‗ sbys Jhoc.

Fmw làmr` H em tm tk` rmufj rmlhf s`gh‘s, H‘ii ehv` ymu tk` r`suits ma tk` mtk`r `v`fts.Umg`f‘s> Omffh` _w``rhs mv`r Bfeh` \msbi, 2; hf tk` 0tk. ?rj Tibo`> Nujy Lmok`fsch (armg <-2

jmwf) mv`r Mieb _mit`sz wkm‘j ìhghfbt`j Biho` Er``f hf 0. G`f‘s Jmuli`s> I``/Trbjht ‟2?,<2, <<, -<2, 2; mv`r _w``rhs/Zbff`khii. @brih`r, Jìi bfj Nmkf, bat`r imshfe tk` ahrst twm ebg`s,kbj rbiih`j tm jà`bt Tbrc/Kmwbrj, <?-<2 hf tk` 0 tk. Umg`f‘s Jmuli`s> \msbi/Lmok`fsch mv`r _w``rhs/Lbrlbrb Cbghfscy. Ghx`j Jmuli`s> _w``rhs/_w``rhs mv`r Okuh/Er``f hf 0.

Mtk`r r`suits> B‘s> \hokbrj Ihfe mv`r Kbfugbftk \bm, 25 hf tk` 0 tk. L‘s> Bibf Fhss`fmv`r Gbo Lbpthst`. O‘s> T`rry _okwbrtzl`re mv`r \`f` \mjrheu`z, jùo` hf tk` 0 tk. B

Jmuli`s> Nmkf Zmgihfsmf/Nm` Ougghfes mv`r J.E. Qbf Qmmr`f/Nmkf GoBjbgs. G`f‘sOmfsmibthmf> Ougghfes mv`r Lrbj Amuftbhf, jùo` hf tk` 0tk. Umg`f‘s Omfsmibthmf> _khri`y

Umm mv`r Ohfjy Ebrzb. _`fhmr‘s> L`rfh` Luch`t mv`r Zhg Lmeebf. Pfj`r 25> Motbvhm Thffìimv`r Nujy Lmok`fsch, <<, -<4, 25, <4. Pfj`r 20> L`v K`ss mv`r _okwbrtzl`re. Pfj`r 2?> TkhiThffìi mv`r Gurrby. Pfj`r 25 Jmuli`s> Lmok`fsch/\msbi mv`r Thffìi/Thffìi. Pfj`r 20Jmuli`s> Tuis/Ahffìi mv`r T. Thffìi/I`vy, 2; hf tk` 0tk.

Zk` G`f‘s s`ghahfbi rmufj rmlhf lèhfs whtk :5-y`br-mij Ghi`s pibyhfe <<-y`br-mijOkuh (wkm‘s kbrjiy kìp`j khs ebg` bfy ly spmtthfe p`mpi` 2; pmhfts hf khs Ubitkbg Oiul‘skbfjhobp tmurfbg`fts). Ghfe hs mat`f tryhfe tm smoc tk` lbii kbrj, hs fmt okhsìhfe guok maa tk`wmmj`f shj` ma khs rboc`t lòbus` Ghi`s hsf‘t lmtk`r`j ly ht, obf st`p hf bfj wkhpibsk bwby b

Kmustmf Hfvhtbthmfbi Uhff`r Omffh` _w``rhsTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf

Kmustmf Hfvhtbthmfbi Jmuli`s Ahfbihsts Nmkf

Zbff`khii (I) bfj Jìi _w``rhs



:2;

whff`r. Bism, Jhoc kbs omg` up whtk b quhoc smrt ma lbs`g`ft-iml omuft`r ma `v`f Okuh‘skbrj`st kht. Zk` gbtok em`s 0, lut, whtk b 28-2? i`bj hf tk` 0tk, Ghi`s, omfthfuhfe tm skmw khsstbghfb, whfs omgamrtbliy.

Fmw Tbrc pibys tk` <8-y`br-mij Zbg, b Pfhv`rshty ma Z xbs (bt Busthf) Tkys. @j.gbnmr, wkm‘s nust lèuf tbchfe bf hft`fshv` @feihsk ibfeube` omurs` tk`r`. K` ma omurs` hs tk`

sulnòt ma guok spòuibthmf. ’H k`brj k` wbs ?

rj

hf \`j Okhfb,‗ sbys b lhe Z`xbf whtkibghfbt`j r`j, wkht`, bfj liu` stbr-spbfei`j skm`s. ’Uìi,‗ sbys bfmtk`r, ’H cfmw amr sur` k`wbs b wmrij-oibss piby`r hf ‘12. ’K`‘s mrhehfbiiy armg Obftmf,‗ sbys b gbf, b Gr, Okh`f, H lìh`v`, wkm s``gs tm l` tk` spmc`sgbf amr Zbg. ’Lut hf T`chfe k` wbs mf tk` `quhvbi ft ma tk` #< Okhf`s` t`bg. Armg 2808-10, k` wbs Okubfe Zs`-tufe‘s spbrrhfe pbrtf`r, ihv`j hf tk`sbg` jmrghtmry whtk khg.‗

Zk` Tbrc-Zbg gbtok kbs emf` hftm tk` 0tk. ’Zbg kbs b gbrvìmus ihtti` tmpsphf s`rv`,‗

sbys Tbrc. Lut Ehi khgsìa kbs b v`ry emmj lbockbfj sphf s`rv` tkbt k` amiimws whtk b immphfeamr`kbfj. Zbg, jmwf 2;-2< hf tk` 0tk, kbs puii`j up `v`f, kbs f`rvmusiy ruf khs kbfj tkrmuekkhs kbhr, bfj hs obighfe khgsìa tm s`rv`.

Bfj‚wmw!‚wkbt b s`rv`. Zk` lbii sihj`s rhekt maa Tbrc‘s pbjji`, khts tk` tbli` làmr`

ht `v`f e`ts tm tk` f`t. Tbrc quhociy prmt`sts, skmws tk` ugphr` khs rboc`t. Zk`r` hs b ihtti` w`tspmt tk`r`. Lut tk` lbii hs jry. _m Zbg omuijf‘t kbv` wmrc`j tk` mij w`t lbii trhoc, omuij k`=

Gbyl` tk` w`t spmt omg`s armg Tbrc‘s p`rsphrbthmf= Nboc Kmwbrj, tk` Zmurfbg`ft \à`r`` hsbpp`bi`j tm. T`rkbps k` a`ìs, bs smg` spòtbtmrs, smg` emmj piby`rs jm, tkbt lmtk Tbrc bfjZbg kbv` l``f ushfe hiièbi s`rv`s‚tkbt Tbrc s`rv`s mut ma khs kbfj bfj Zbg hs khtthfe tk` lbiimf tk` wby up. T`rkbps k` cfmw tkbt, ly tk` `fj ma tk` 0tk ebg`, tk` lbii hs sm er``f tkbt ht obfsihj` rbtk`r tkbf ehv` b tru` lmufo`.

Nboc rui`s tkbt tk` pmhft gust l` piby`j mv`r. T`rkbps Zbg hs tkhfchfe tkbt Tbrc hs

Kmwbrj‘s jmuli`s pbrtf`r tkhs tmurfbg`ft, amr, ufbli` tm sp`bc tk` ibfeube`, tm breu` hf khsmwf l`kbia, bfj whtk b chfj ma bfeuhsk mf khs abo` urehfe bf bpp`bi‚tk`r` hs, bat`r bii, b$2,444 2st Trhz`‚k` obiis amr Ghi`s, wkmg k` hfsthfothvìy a`ìs hs tk` abhr`st p`rsmf mf tk`

so`f`. Lut Jhoc obf‘t kìp khg‚mfiy Zbg obf kìp khgsìa. Bfj whtk tk` ormwj, gmr` bfjgmr` omfvhfo`j ma khs hffmo`fo`, whijiy ok``rhfe khg mf, k` gbc`s tkr`` blsmiutìy p`raòtchiis tm tbc` tk` ebg` bfj tk` gbtok.

Fmw ht‘s Ghi`s bfj Zbg, bfj whtk Jhoc prhgbrhiy okmpphfe bfj Zbg, fmt us`j tm tk`sphf, khtthfe `rrhfeiy bwby, fm wmfj`r tk` somr` hs 21-5 Ghi`s. _ujj`fiy, tkmuek, Zbg r`v`rs`skhgsìa, lèhfs okhsìhfe. Bfj k`‘s emmj bt ht‚oihgls tm 25-28. Lut tk`f Ghi`s khts mf` hf bfjhf b gmg`ft tk` ahrst ebg` hs mv`r. Zk`y trbj` maa tk` f`xt twm. Hf tk` :tk, Ghi`s hs jmwf 1-4,tmm guok tm mv`romg`. Hf tk` 0tk, tk` erhg, i`bf-abo`j Zbg, obtok`s Jhoc mf twm s`rv`s bfjgurj`rs hf b imw lbii tkbt kìps khg tm b 20-22 i`bj. _hfo` `bok piby`r somr`s 1 gmr` pmhfts,

Jhoc omg`s up skmrt.Bebhfst Okuh, Tbrc, whtk smg` emre`mus s`rv`s, whfs tk` ahrst twm ebg`s. Ghfe hsf‘t

e`tthfe b okbfo` tm orboc amr`kbfjs, lut hf tk` ?rj

k`‘s stbrthfe tm swbt hf smg` lbockbfjs.Bfj ibt`r k`‘s wmmj-okmpphfe ? bfj : lbiis hf suoo`sshmf tkbt Tbrc obf‘t s``g tm e`t tm stbymf khs rboc`t. Zkmuek Ihg kbs kbj trmuli` whtk Tbrc‘s jhaa`r`ft chfjs ma immps, pbrthouibriy tk`simw mf`s tkbt k`‘s trh`j tm limoc bfj kbs r`turf`j tk` lbii guok tmm khek, k` turfs tk` gbtok

brmufj bfj whfs omfvhfohfeiy hf 0.Zkmuek Ghi`s fmw ims`s tm Tbrc, ?-4, bs k` jhj bt \`jmfjm L`bok, k`‘s fmt mv`riy

hgpr`ss`j whtk Ehi‘s ebg`. Tbrc kbs b lhe w`bcf`ss hf fmt kbvhfe b v`ry emmj put bwby, sbysJhoc. K` sbys k` obf kht Ehi‘s lbii, sbys tkbt ht omg`s lboc khek, lut tkbt wk`f ht omg`s jmwf



:28

tk` o`ft`r k` obf‘t s`` ht. _bys tkbt tk` wkht` ihf`s ma tk` tbli` muekt tm l` pbhft`j yìimw.Ibt`r, k`‘ii l` b prmpmf`ft ma tk` mrbfe` lbii=

Zk` ibst gbtok hs Zbg vs. Okuh. Ha Okuh whfs, tk`y‘ii `bok kbv` mf` imss, bfj tk` th` whii l` lrmc`f vhb tk`hr k`bj-tm-k`bj r`suits‚g`bfhfe Ghfe whii tbc` tk` 2st Trhz`. _mg`lmjysbys, ’Zbg‘s emffb kbv` prmli`gs whtk Okuh‘s ‛j`bj‘ lbii.‗ Bfj hf tk` lèhffhfe ht immcs ihc`

gbyl` k`‘s rhekt. Zbg ims`s tk` 2

st

bt jùo`‚tkrmws khs rboc`t khek hftm tk` bhr. ’H‘v` f`v`r s``f b Okhf`s` jm tkbt,‗ sbys b v`t`rbf bahohmfbjm. Hf tk` <fj, Okuh s``gs tm l` stbfjhfe tmmaibt-ammt`j, hsf‘t gmvhfe shj`wbys, hs kmijhfe khgsìa guok tmm uprhekt. Gbtok 2-2. Hf tk` ?rj,Zbg e`ts maa tm b 8-2 i`bj. Hf tk` :tk, Ghfe obf‘t e`t gmr` tkbf 25. Zk` $2,444 hs Zbg‘s, bfjk` j`s`rv`s ht.

’Zkhs Zbg‘s b r`bi omgp`thtmr,‗ H k`br b Z`xbf sby. ’K`‘ii l` emmj amr Bg`rhobf tbli` t`ffhs.‗

Zmurfbg`ft Trmgmt`r Gbrhbff` _zbiby kbj wrhtt`f hfk`r Trmerbg bjjr`ss tkbt kmsthfe b tmurfbg`ft ihc` tkhs ’hs fmt nust b okbii`fe`…lut smrt ma b ebgli` bism. Ebgli` mf p`mpi`,arh`fjs, prmghs`s bfj wmrjs….Zk` hgpmrtbft tkhfe hs tkbt w`

c``p gmvhfe bfj tkbt w` okbfe` mur shtubthmf hfst bj ma ehvhfeup bfj tkbt w` gust lìh`v` hf ghrboi`s.‗ Gbyl` làmr` tk`

tmurfbg`ft stbrt`j, sk` cf`w smg`tkhfe w` jhjf‘t= Lut ha skèbgli`j, sk` imst. Bfj tk`r` w`r` fm ghrboi`s.

Gbrhbff` omuijf‘t omg` up whtktk` prhz` gmf`y‚bfj Zbg, Okuh, Tbrc,bfj Omffh` _w``rhs bfj p`rkbps mtk`rsomfthfu`j tm omgpibhf ufthi ahfbiiy, bat`r

r`spòthfe Gbrhbff`‘s whsk`s tm c``p tk`gbtt`r prhvbt`, H, bs Tr`shj`ft, ’ahfbiiykbj tm tbc` bothmf mf wkbt omuijf‘t l`

c`pt quh`t bfy imfe`r, wbs, hfj``jbir`bjy mut hf tk` mp`f.‗ Mf Jò. <4, 285<, H s`ft Gbrhbff` b i`tt`r gbchfe tk` Bssmohbthmf‘s pmshthmf oi`br. Ehv`f k`r s`rvho` tm tk` _pmrt

(shx w``cs `brih`r, tk` bppròhbthv` Tr`shj`ft ma tk` G`xhobfA`j`rbthmf, Jr. Kìhms Abrrìi, kbj omferbtuibt`j tk` P_ZZB amr ’kbvhfe p`rsmfs ihc` Gbrhbff` _zbiby‗), H wbs bs e`fti` bs pmsshli`, p`rkbps tmm e`fti`. K`r`‘s bf `xo`rpt>

’…Zk` @.O. a`ìs v`ry strmfeiy tkbt tk` piby`rs hf

qu`sthmf gust l` pbhj hf auii‚hf obsk‚bfj tkbt uithgbtìyymu‘r` r`spmfshli`.

Zk` @.O. bism kbs fmtkhfe lut prbhs` amr ymu p`rsmfbiiy‚bfj bii ma us a`ì o`rtbhf tkbt ufusubiohrougstbfo`s, wkhok fmf` ma us cfmw, gust kbv` trbpp`j ymuhftm tkhs `glbrrbsshfe pmshthmf. Xmu spmc`, amr hfstbfo`, ma b

spmfsmr r`fèhfe‚wkhok H ebtk`r ghekt l` tk` Ohty ma Kmustmf mr Kmihjby Hff‚bfjma omurs` ha tk`r`‘s bfytkhfe w` obf jm tm `x`rt bfy pr`ssur`, pi`bs` i`t us cfmw. Mr htgby l` tkbt ymur mwf whsk`s, kmp`s, hj`bis trbpp`j ymu‚bs sm mat`f tk`y jm gbfy p`mpi`. Bt bfy `v`ft, ufj`rstbfj tkbt w` kbv` fmtkhfe lut emmj a`ìhfes tmwbrjs ymu

Kmustmf Hfvhtbthmfbi Uhff`r

Bi`x ZbgArmg ZZ Pfihght`j


Gbrhbff` _zbiby>r`bjy tm gbc` bf

bffmufo`g`ft



:<4

bfj tkbt fbturbiiyw` wbft tm ehv`ymu smg`tkhfe ma bar`` kbfj hf jmhfewkbt ymu tkhfc

l`st. K`r` hswkbt tk` @.O. prmpms`s.

Zkbt tk`P_ZZB pby tk`mutstbfjhfe $<504

tm tk` piby`rs.Zkbt ymu

ymursìa sìi tk`stmoc ymu br`

maa`rhfe tk` piby`rsbfj pr`s`ft tkbt

gmf`y tm tk`P_ZZB bs b jmwf pbyg`ft.

Zkbt ymu ahfj wbys tm pby tk` r`gbhfj`r lboc tm tk` P_ZZB‚bt, sby, $<0 bgmftk, ha f``j l`.

Ti`bs` c``p hf ghfj tkbt w` bii wbft tm kìp ymu hf bfy wby w` obf, whtk`xkhlhthmfs, oihfhos, tmurfbg`fts. Ghi`s, amr hfstbfo`, whii l` hf Kmustmf mf A`l.? hf

omffòthmf whtk smg` lhe spmrts skmw bfj maa`rs khs s`rvho`s ar``‚tkbt hs, k`‘s r`bjytm jm b oihfho, mr xkhlhthmf, wkbt`v`r ymu wbft tkbt whii kìp ymu rbhs` smg`gmf`y….‗

Mcibkmgb, tmm, kbj hts skbr` ma bothmf. \mf _khri`y wrht`s (ZZZ , Fmv.-Jò., 285<, :-0)tkbt tk` 0tk Bffubi Mot. _mutkw`st`rf Mp`f kbj tm l` ibst-ghfut` gmv`j armg Mcibkmgb Ohty

tm Lbrti`svhii , b tmwf ma mfiy ?4,444 lut kmg` tm Tkhiihps T`trmiùg. \mf sbys tkbt bat`r 14 pkmf` obiis bpprhshfe p`mpi` ma tk` okbfe` (’Obf ymu sthii omg`=‗), bat`r smg` piby`rs kbj tmjrhv` bf bjjhthmfbi 204 ghi`s mr okbfe` tk`hr pibf` thoc`ts tm brrhv` hf Zuisb rbtk`r tkbfMcibkmgb Ohty, 2<4 `ftrh`s gbj` tk` tmurfbg`ft hts usubi suoo`ss.

B abtk`r/jbuekt`r omglhfbthmf obus`j quht` b sthr. Zk` abtk`r, Lmkjbf ’Lml‗Jbwhjmwhoz, H‘j i`brf`j, wbs b pbhft`r ly trbj` wkm‘j mfiy rò`ftiy omg` tm tk` _tbt`s armg

Tmibfj wk`r` k` r`pmrt`jiy wbs rbfc`j #:. Khs jbuekt`r Cbshb wbs hf tk` 1tk erbj` hf k`r Burmrb sokmmi nust mutshj` J`fv`r. Ht wbs sbhj tkbt ibst y`br hf Tmibfj, wk`f sk` wbs 8 bfj

sgbochfe hf amr`kbfjs, sk`‘j wmf tk` Fbthmfbi Ehris Pfj`r 20 Okbgphmfskhp. K`r` hf tk`_tbt`s sk`‘s l`hfe spmfsmr`j ly Gr. I`m _tmpb, bfj hs jmhfe nust ahf`.

\`suits> G`f‘s> \.\. _`gh‘s> 2. Lmkjbf Jbwhjmwhoz. <. Jbvhj Lìi. ?. _t`v`Kbggmfj. :. Nmkf Zmgihfsmf wkm hf tk` qubrt`r‘s 20, -2?, -21, <<, 2; ìhghfbt`j N`rry

Tiylmf. Umg`f‘s> Tèey _kbkb mv`r _khri`y Umm, jùo` hf tk` :tk. G`f‘s Jmuli`s> Tiylmf/Jbwhjmwhoz mv`r Zmgihfsmf/Nm` Ougghfes. Umg`f‘s Jmuli`s> _u` _bre`ft/CbshbJbwhjmwhoz mv`r Umm/Bff \bgs`y. Ghx`j Jmuli`s> Jbwhjmwhoz/Jbwhjmwhoz mv`r JmfU``gs/\bgs`y.

Lmkjbf Jbwhjmwhoz bfj khs jbuekt`r CbshbLmkjbf pkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf3 Cbshb pkmtm ly Kbfc Arbfcì



:<2

Mtk`r whff`rs> B‘s> Zmggy Qbìim mv`r Zmgihfsmf. L‘s> @j _t`hf mv`r T`rry_okwbrtzl`re. B Jmuli`s> Qbìim/Khlls mv`r Ougghfes/Zmgihfsmf. L Jmuli`s> \hokbrj Tuis/Ibrry Tuis mv`r Nm` Uhfjkbg/Ibrry Cfmuat, 25 hf tk` 0tk. Uhfjkbg pibys mut ma Cbfsbs Ohtywk`r` b 5-t`bg Kbfjhobp I`beu` hs emhfe strmfe bt tk` Cfmuat-gbfbe`j mp`f-`v`ry-jbyOiul. _`fhmr‘s> Qbf Qmmr`f mv`r Bi @feì. Lmys P-25> Gbrc JbQ`` mv`r _t`v` Kbggmfj

wkm‘j wmf tk` G`f‘s bt tk` _`pt. O`ftrbi Mcibkmgb Mp`f. Lmys P-20> Kbggmfj mv`r Jbi`Jmfbijsmf. P-2?> T`rry _okwbrtzl`re mv`r Cbshb Jbwhjmwhoz. Nufhmr Jmuli`s> Kbggmfj/Jmfbijsmf mv`r Nm` Uhfjkbg/ _t`v` Jmje`f.

Uhfjkbg, tk` whff`r ma lmtk tk` G`f‘s bfj tk` Nufhmr‘s bt tk` Mgbkb @briy Lhrj, wbsj`sorhl`j ly Zmg Ubisk (ZZZ , Fmv.-Jò., 285<, 28) bs ’b pmw`rauiiy-luhit, strmfe ymufegbf‗ wkm‘s l``f ’wìi-ombok`j hf gmst r`spòts ly K`rl Omff`r mv`r tk` y`brs, gmr`rò`ftiy ly Ibrry Cfmuat.‗ K`‘s sbhj tm prbotho` ’amur kmurs `v`ry jby‗ (jmuli` tk` thg` ma tk`

_mutkw`st`rf B Uhff`r> Zmggy QbìimTkmtm omurt`sy ma Amrr`st Lbrr _mutkw`st`rf Pfj`r 2? Okbgp T`rry _okwbrtzl`reTkmtm ly \by Ok`f

Mgbkb @briy Lhrj G`f‘s/Nufhmr

Okbgphmf Nm` Uhfjkbg

CO oiul mwf`r Ibrry CfmuatTkmtm ly Kbfc Arbfcì

Uhsf`r abtk`r bfj smf, I`\my

bfj Zmjj T`t`rs`f



:<<

bv`rbe` bvhj P._. piby`r). K`r` hf Mgbkb k` kht tkrmuek ruff`r-up _omtty Erbatmf (b amrg`r F`lrbscb _tbt` Okbgphmf), Jbv` Lbrf`s, bfj Gurrby Cuti`r, P-25 ahfbihst. Hf ghj-Bueust, Nmèbv` bf xkhlhthmf bt tk` Cbfsbs _tbt` Trhsmf hf Ibfshfe tkbt wbs guok bppròhbt`j ly tk` hfgbt`s.Bism, Lml Obgplìi r`pmrts tkbt tk` C.O/ Ghj-Zmwf Oiul kbs stbrt`j b t.t. skmw mf b r`strhot`jObli` ZQ stbthmf. Ht ’hfoiuj`s 20 ghfut`s ma hfstruothmf, bfj b Chfe-ma-tk`-Khii gbtok.‗

Jhbfb Gy`rs ma omurs` wmf tk` Umg`f‘s bfj Ehri‘s, lut Cbtky Gmìi`r ups`t Ehri‘sruff`r-up J`llh` J`f`fl`re tm tbc` <fj hf tk` Umg`f‘s. J`llh` kbj k`r gmg`fts, tkmuek,wk`f sk` bfj Ubisk surprhs`j Erbatmf/Gy`rs tm whf tk` Ghx`j. Zmjj T`t`rs`f (smf ma Uhsf`r, F`lrbscb prmgmt`r I`rmy T`t rs`f) wbs hgpr`sshv`‚k` wmf tk` P-22‘s mv`r Lhii Tbrj`w, tk`P-2?‘s mv`r Nàa Gmìi`r, bfj tk` Fmvho` mv`r Zmphos Ormsswmrj-Tuzzi` smiv`r Nhg Iyfug.

Zk Cbfsbs Ohty Ghj-Zmwf ZZB (tkbt‘s mftk` Ghssmurh shj`) mp`f`j Mot. ly kmijhfe hts ahrst

tmurfbg`ft, tk $?<0 Cbw Qbii`y Mp`f. G`f‘s \.\.s`gh‘s> 2. Ghff`bpmihs stuj`ft Bch Fbcbgurb($204). <. _t`v` Kbggmfj ($50). ?. \hok _hfychf($04). :. N`rry Tiylmf ($<0). Umg`f‘s> Gy`rs mv`r

_kbkb. G`f‘s Jmuli`s> Fbcbgurb/Jmf Ibrsmf mv`r N`rry Tiylmf/Ehiih`s. Ghx`j Jmuli`s> Jmue Gbjby/

J`f`fl`re mv`r Tiylmf/Gy`rs. B‘s> Gbjby mv`r _hfychf. L‘s> Tiylmf mv`r Eus C`ff`jy. O‘s> Nmkf_mj`rl`re mv`r Tbt Uhfjkbg.

Okhobem rbf b fugl`r ma abii tmurfbg`fts‚ bigmst bii ma tk`g hfvmivhfe imobi piby`rs, tkàbvmrht`s hf tk` vbrhmus v`fts vyhfe gmftk bat`r

gmftk bgmfe tk`gsìv`s amr tk` thti`s. _pòtbtmr piby`rs, w`r tk`y sm hfoihf j, omuij e t b sok`jui`ma tk` prmpms`j tmurfbg`fts, tk`f s`t up vbrhmus chfjs ma Obiouttbs amr tk`hr gbf hf bfy mf`

tmurfbg`ft mr s`t ma tmurfbg`fts. Abvmr`j omglbtbfts hf tk` vbrhmus v`fts wmuij ihcìy l` (hfbipkbl`thobi mrj`r)> G`f‘s bfj Ghx`j Jmuli`s> Nhg Jbv`y, Ubhjh Jbwmju, N`rry Cbriluicb, NhgIbzbrus, I`mfbrj GoF`ò`, bfj Tbui Tbskucu. Umg`f‘s> Jbri`f` Arh`jgbf bfj Lbrlbrb

Zbsokf`r. B‘s bfj L‘s> Jr. Bsmcbf (wkm‘s mrhehfbiiy armg O`yimf), Jbv`y, @ggbfuì Chfe,GoF`ò`, Ghc` G`fz`r, Tbskucu, Kuek _kmr`y, bfj Cbri Uhii. O‘s> Lruo` Boc`rgbf, N`rryBi`cfus, Nm` Lunbisch, Ghc` Obrt`r, bfj Ibszim C`v`s. _`fhmr‘s> Lunbisch, Fmrg _oki`ss, bfj Arbfc Zkbrbijsmf. Nufhmr‘s> Bfjy Oh`sibrsch, Jmf Chfjstrbfj, Ubyf Ubshì`wsch, bfj \ml`rt Urhekt.

Oh`sibrsch sbys hf b I`tt`r tm tk` @jhtmr (ZZZ , Nbf.-A`l., 285?, <:) tkbt k` em`s tm

oibss`s bt khs khek sokmmi ufthi fmmf, tk`fombok`s b erbggbr sokmmi lbsc`tlbii t`bg, tk`f

em`s tm khs Okhobem oiul tm prbotho` t.t. amr 0kmurs mr sm. Zm c``p pbyhfe khs oiul bfjtmurfbg`ft a``s, k` f``js blmut $04 b gmftk,bfj hs immchfe amr b pbtrmf, sm abr ufsuoo`ssauiiy.

Obf ymu kìp khg= Bl`rj``f, Gj. Oiul g`gl`r Nm` I``, nueeihfe nml, wha`, chjs, r`spmfjswbsphskiy (ZZZ , Gby-Nuf`, 285?, 1)‚sbys k`‘jihc` tm ehv` ht bii up, nust prbotho` khs tbli` t`ffhs,

Cbw Qbii`y Uhff`r Bch Fbcbgurb

bfj \uff`r-up _t`v` KbggmfjTkmtm omurt`sy ma Ibrry Cfmuat

Nm` I`` - f``jskìp tmm

Tkmtm ly Gbi

Bfj`rsmf



:<?

pursu` khs jr`bg ma l`hfe smg`tkhfe gmr` tkbf b O piby`r.Lut k`, tmm, kbs ahfbfohbi prmli`gs. Obf bfymf` kìp khg mut=

Zk` Erbfj \bphjs Aurfhtur` Ohty Mp`f obg` nust làmr` tk` oruohbi Jò.Zrymuts amr tk` _brbn`vm Umrij Z bg,bfj tkmuek Jbffy _``ghii`r kbj l``f trbhfhfe jhihe`ftiy whtk

Jìi _w``rhs, mf` omuijf‘t l` sur` armg tk` r`suits ma tkhstmurfbg`ft nust kmw r`bjy Jbffy wbs. Hf tk` Z`bg `v`ft,tkmuek _``ghii`r/Q`hii`tt` l`bt _w``rhs/_gbrt, ?-<, tk`y kbjquht` b strueei`‚whtk Ghc` jà`bthfe Nàa, <5, 2; bfj Jbffy/Ghc` kbvhfe tm wmrc kbrj tm tbc` tk` jmuli`s, -28, 2;, 28.Umrs`, tkmuek Jbffy l`bt Nàa kbfjhiy, k` ‟24, -2< wbsf‘t hftk` gbtok bt bii bebhfst _w``rhs wkm kbj tm em ? tm l`bt

Q`hii`tt`. Bfj y`t hf tk` _hfei`s ahfbi Jbffy 25, 2<, 25jmwf`j Jìi whtk bs`.

Mkhm‘s Zhg M‘Ermscy wmf tk` Fmv. 2;-28 E`g OhtyMp`f bt Jbytmf. Hf tk` ahfbi, k` l`bt Jhoc Khocs wkm‘j kbj tm

em 0 whtk Gbrc Ubgpi`r, wkm‘j kbj tm em 0 whtk Nmkf_p`fo`r. Umg`f‘s w`ft tm Gbry Bff Lurjhoc mv`r Cbtky

J`G`ft. Khocs/Jhoc @vbfs wmf tk` G`f‘s Jmuli`s mv`r Nmkf_p`fo`r/Ubgpi`r hf 0, tk`f M‘Ermscy/Iyi` Zkh`g hf :. L`st hf Ghx`j> Erè Jmuj/Lurjhoc (bat`r l`hfe <-4 jmwf) mv`r Zkh`g/Jhbf` Zurfluii. Ehris P-25> Lurjhoc mv`r Nmj`` Uhiihbgs.P-2?‘s> Nmj``‘s lrmtk`r Nàa mv`r Erè Omiihfs. Fmf-Uhff`r> Gbrv Tmiiboc, wkm wbs v`ryguok jhsturl`j ly spòtbtmrs bfj piby`rs ’tbichfe imuj bfj omfthfumusiy‗ wkhi` gbtok`s w`rèmhfe mf. Bat`r k` bfj tk` Jbytmf maahohbis kbj pi`bj`j whtk tk` maa`fj`rs tm ommi ht, bfj tk`y

jhjf‘t, Gbrv bfj khs smf nust up bfj iàt.U` fmw omg` tm tk` ghj-Mot. P._.B. Obphtbi Mp`f‚piby`j, ihc` tk` wìi-btt`fj`j

Nbf. @bst`rf‘s, bt tk` Tbrcjbi` Eyg hf \hv`rjbi`, GJ. Mfo` Lml Cbghfscy e`ts l`khfj b

tmurfbg`ft, ht‘s emffb l` b prmjuothmf. _m, sur`, wky fmt kbv` b P._. vs. Obfbjb Gbtok tmkyp` tk` tmurfbg`ft= Bfj sm lrhfe hf pbyhfe spòtbtmrs tkbt whii kìp rbhs` gmf`y amr mur ‘5?P._. Umrij Z`bg= Uky fmt kbv` bf hfamrgbthv` Trmerbg amr tkms` spòtbtmrs= Obphtbi hj`bs,

tm l` sur`. @xo`pt tkbt, bs Fmrtk Obrmihfb ZZO Qho`-Tr`shj`ft Jmf Er``fl`re tìis us (ZZZ , Fmv.-Jò., 285<, 2+), tk` kmp`j-amr bujh fo` turf`j mut tm l` prbothobiiy fmf-`xhst`ft>

’…Ht omuij l` tk` Tbrcjbi` ammtlbii ebg` jr`w tk`g bwby mf _bturjby. Bat`r bii, tk` t`bg wbs ufjà`bt`j bfj pibyhfe tk` <fj-rbfc`j imobi t`bg. Zk` Umrij _`rh`swbs omgp`thfe bebhfst us tkbt w``c`fj. Bism, jmf‘t amre`t prma`sshmfbi ammtlbii mf ZQ.

Bfj wmuij ymu lìh`v` Hfjhbf _ugg`r-typ` w`btk`r= Zk` abot tkbt w` kbj bfybujh`fo` wbs truiy bgbzhfe.‗

Bs amr tk` P._. vs. Obfbjb Gbtok, H‘v` ’Thfe‗ Fùl`re`r‘s Mot. 2: \`pmrt mf tkÙmg`f‘s piby, lut fmtkhfe armg Zhlmr Kbzh mf tk` G`f‘s. I`bk sbhj tkbt wk`f mur Hft`rfbthmfbi Okbhr Cbghfscy obii`j k`r bfj bsc`j k`r tm l` tk` Obptbhf ma tk` Umg`f‘s

Z`bg sk` emt bii `xoht`j. _k` tkmuekt k` g`bft tm tk` Umrij‘s. _hfo` hf tk` OF@ ObfbjbGbtok, Biho` Er``f piby`j hf tk` _hfei`s bfj Lbrlbrb Cbghfscy hf tk` Jmuli`s, tk`y wmuijr`v`rs` rmi`s k`r`‚tkmuek, bat`r Biho` kbj xpr`ss`j b prà`r`fo` amr bebhf pibyhfe hf tk`_hfei`s, sk` jhjf‘t skmw amr tk` Z`bg Gbtok.

Ghc` Q`hii`tt`




:<:

Ukbt wmuij GhssThfe w`br= Bat`r smg`jhsousshmf, sk` jòhj`j mf ’brmybi liu` pbfts suht whtk r`j,wkht` bfj liu` trhg mf tk`

omiibr bfj tk` sbg` trhgjmwf tk` armft.‗ Zmboomgpbfy tkbt, sk` sbhj, ’ Hwmr` r`j, wkht` & liu` skm`sbfj ? jhaa`r`ft chfjs ma r`j,wkht`, bfj liu` rhfes.‗

_m wk`tk`r k`r

piby`rs w`r` r bjy mr fmt,sk` wbs. Nmkf F`sucbhths wbstk` Obfbjhbf Obptbhf. Khsjbuekt`r Eimrhb obrrh`j tk`

Obfbjhbf aibe3 Gurhì _t`rf,tk` Bg`rhobf aibe. Ubit`r

C`hg gbj` i`fetky piby`r hftrmjuothmfs.Lbrlbrb Cbghfscy mp`f`j bebhfst Aimrb F`sucbhths bfj wmf-2;, 2;, ;. Qhmi ttb tk`f

stmpp`j Omffh` _w``rhs, 2?, 2?. Lut mur P._. pbhr pr`vbhi`j bebhfst tk` Obfbjhbfs hf tk`jmuli`s, 2; hf tk` ?rj. Qhmi`ttb tk`f bffhkhibt`j Lbrlbrb ;, 1. Hf tk` 2st ebg` ma tk` jòhjhfegbtok Omffh` wbs jmwf 4-1 tm Aimrb, lut w`ft mf tm whf lmtk ebg`s 2<, ; `bshiy.

I`bk sbhj tkbt tk` whffhfe Bg`rhobf g`f (tk`y l`bt Obfbjb 0-4) rò`hv`j wbtok`s3 tk`

imshfe Obfbjhbf g`f g`jbis. Lbrlbrb bfj Omffh` emt ’l`buthaui shiv`r trbys (jmfbt`j ly tkÌbfjmv`r Gbii),‗ bfj, tkmuek Obptbhfs tm tk` OF@ w`r`f‘t ehv`f bfytkhfe, fmr w`r` tk`yk`r`, shfo` Biho` jhjf‘t skmw, ’tk`y erujehfeiy ebv` g` tk` `xtrb shiv`r trby.‗

Biho` jhj piby hf tk` _hfei`s wk`r`, bat`r l`bthfe[ubf A`reusmf (Umg`f‘s B whff`r mv`r Xvmff`Crmfibe`) bfj Omffh` _w``rhs hf strbhekt ebg`s, sk`

amuekt ebgìy tm tk` `fj, emhfe jmwf jùo` hf tk` ?rj tmQhmi`ttb. Zk` P._. wmg`f, kmw`v`r, kbj tk`hr omgp`fsbthmfs. Lbrlbrb bfj Omffh` tmmc tk` Umg`f‘sJmuli`s hf 0 armg tk` F`sucbhths shst`rs, 2; hf tk` 0tk.Bfj Omffh` t`bg`j whtk Jìi tm tbc` tk` Jmuli`s armgQhmi`ttb/@rrmi Ob`tbfm, -<2, <4, <4, 21. Ghss Thfe, tmm,

wbs b whff`r‚bjjhfe, omurt`sy ma Ghss _t`rf, tkÙmg`f‘s Omfsmibthmf trmpky tm k`r s``ghfeiy f`v`r-

`fjhfe omiiòthmf.Hf tk` G`f‘s _hfei`s, wmrj ma I``‘s imss tm Okuh

tk` w``c làmr`, rbhs`j tk` qu`sthmf ma wk`tk`r k`‘j l` l`bt`f k`r`. Ht o`rtbhfiy s``g`j k` ghekt l`, amr hf tk`

s`gh‘s k`‘s jmwf <-4 tm @rrmi \`s`c. Zk`f, bat`r ahekthfe lboc‚ r`biiy ahekthfe, amr k`‘s kbj tm kbv` suaa`r`j bs`v`r` psyokho wmufj hf fm imfe`r kbvhfe bf ufjà`bt`jròmrj tm kmij tbut tm‚J-N‘s jmwf 2<-8 hf tk` 0tk. Lut

I-\> Qhmi`ttb bfj Aimrb F`sucbhths, whffhfe Bg`rhobfs Lbrlbrb

Cbghfscy bfj Omffh` _w``rhs, bfj P._. Obptbhf I`bk Fùl`re`r


[ubf A`reusmf, Umg`f‘s B Uhff`rTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



:<0

fmw @rrmi twho` ghs-s`rv`s, bfj kbs imst fmt nust tk` pmhfts lut bppbr`ftiy khs omfahj`fo`, bfjhs mutsomr`j twm tm mf` hf wkbt r`gbhfs ma khs okbii`fe`. Hf tk` ahfbi, J-N hs abo`j whtk NmkfZbff`khii, bfj tk` ibw ma bv`rbe`s sbys tkbt smmf`r mr ibt`r Nmkf‘s emhfe tm whf. Bfj, y`s, up<-2 bfj ;-< hf tk` :tk, ht immcs bs ha k`‘ii l` tk` ahrst fbthv`-lmrf piby`r tm l`bt J-N. Lut tk`fwkbt kbpp`fs= Bf hfor`jhli` r`v`rsbi‚I``‘s sujj`fiy up 24-8, whfs ht bt 2: whtkmut b sw`bt.

Zk`f hf tk` 0

tk

tbc`s bf hfsurgmuftbli` 2:-1…25-; i`bj. F`xt thg`, Nmkf=Mtk`r r`suits> G`f‘s Jmuli`s> Ob`tbfm/Emfjb mv`r Zbff`khii/_w``rhs. B‘s> Jbffy_``ghii`r mv`r Qho Ibfjbu. B Jmuli`s> Jbf_``ghii`r/N`rry Ai`hsokkboc`r mv`r Ghc` Oibrc`/Uhfstmf ’Lmlly‗ Omushfs. L‘s> Omushfs mv`r @ue`f` Cufym. @squhr`‘s> Zhlmr Kbzh mv`r Nhg

Q`rtb. _`fhmr‘s> Kbzh mv`r b omfj`so`fjhfetk`f stbrti`j Zhg Lmeebf, jùo` hf tk` 0tk._`fhmr Jmuli`s> Kbzh/Luch`t mv`r Lmeebf/

Gmrt ^bcbrhf. Lmys Pfj`r 25> \hoc \ugli`mv`r \hoc _``ghii`r. Ehris Pfj`r 25> Nmbffb_bftbfb mv`r _t`rf. Pfj`r 25 Jmuli`s>

Zhggy Kmus`/_omtt Lmeebf mv`r _omttGoJmwìi/Nàa ^bcbrhf. Lmys Pfj`r 20>Kmus` mv`r Nàa ^bcbrhf hf 0. Ehris Pfj`r 20>Eimrhb F`sucbhths mv`r _bftbfb. Pfj`r 2?_hfei`s> Ghc` _t`rf mv`r _omtt Lmeebf. EhrisPfj`r 2?> Eimrhb F`sucbhths mv`r _kìih`

Ebhfslure. Pfj`r 2? Jmuli`s> _omtt Lmeebf/_t`rf mv`r @rho Lmeebf/Okuoc ^bcbrhf. Pfj`r

22> Eimrhb F`sucbhths mv`r Ourt Crmfibe`. Lml Cbghfscy bfj Xvmff` Crmfibe`

bsc Gbi Bfj`rsmf ’tm tbc` pkmtms ma s`v`rbioì`lrhth`s bwbrjhfe tk` trmpkh`s, spòhbiiy

tk`hr Omfer`ssgbf.‗ Ukhi` k`‘s bt ht, Gbitbc`s mf` ma khgsìa. K` tkhfcs ht em`s wìi whtk bf brthoi` k` wrmt` obii`j ’Zmurfbg`fts BrÀuf.‗ X`s, tkbt‘s b ihtti` lmb‚lut ht‘s v`ry r`bi, bfj w`r` H tm kbfji` ht, gy lr`btk wmuijomfstrhot wk`tk`r ht wrbpp`j htsìa brmufj g` mr fmt.

_`fhmr‘s Okbgphmf Zhlmr KbzhTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf

Gbi Bfj`rsmf, immchfe b lht jhblmihobi

_ìa-pkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



:<1

Okbpt`r Zkhrty-Zwm

285<> Abii Zmurfbg`fts‚HH (Tkhibjìpkhb bfj U`stahìj Oiuls Aimurhsk). 285<> P._.

Mp`f Z`bg Okbgphmfskhps‚\hokbrj GoBa`` lòmg`s tk` ahrst fbthv`-lmrf piby`r tm l`bt J-N.

\`pmrthfe mf tk` Mot. <2-<< ?-stbr _mutk`rf Mp`f bt Btibftb (ZZZ , Fmv.-Jò., 285<,<0+), Zmurfbg`ft Okbhr \by Ahiz wbs jhsbppmhft`j tkbt k` kbj tm skbr` tkhs v`ry `briybpprmv`j jbt` whtk b tmurfbg`ft hf Lbrti`svhii`, MC, bfj `spòhbiiy whtk mf` hf U`stahìj, F`w N`rs`y tkbt jr`w <44 piby`rs, hfoiujhfe Nmkf Zbff`khii bfj tk` tmp F`w Xmrc piby`rs wkmmtk`rwhs` ghekt kbv` omg` tm Btibftb. Lut bs P_ZZB \bfchfe Okbhr Lbrj Lr`ff`r pmhft`jmut (ZZZ , Nbf.-A`l., 285?, 2?), ’stbr rbthfe fm imfe`r s``gs tm hfjhobt` tk` tru` hgpmrtbfo` ma b tmurfbg`ft. Trhz` gmf`y bfj imobthmf br` fmw tk` prhg` gmthvbthfe abotmrs amr tk` tmp

piby rs.‗ Lugg`r amr \by. Bism, wk f tk` obr tbc`r ma tk` Abhrermufjs v`fu` wbs ibt hf mp`fhfetk` jmmr, tk` thg`-sok`jui`j gbtok`s kbj tm l` blbfjmf`j amr gmst ma _bturjby. Bfmtk`r lugg`r.

Zk` G`f‘s whff`r wbs #< s``j Erbkbg E`br, tk` amrg`r Uìsk #2, bfj wkhi` ihvhfe hfObfbjb tk` Ru`lò Mp`f Okbgphmf. Fmw pibyhfe mut ma Ohfohffbth, k` c`pt mf tk` bttboc ’whtk khs rì`fti`ss whfjghii immp‗ bfj sm jhspbtok`j tk` mtk`r rmufj rmlhf s`ghahfbihsts, N`rry

Zkrbsk`r, \hokbrj GoBa``, bfj Nmkf Ruhoc. Zkrbsk`r, wkm‘j jà`bt`j Kmg`r Lrmwf bfj JmfEbhtk`r, amufj E`br‘s ghx ma fm-sphf bfj imts-ma-sphf immps jhaahouit tm r`bj, ’bfj k` limoc`j

gbfy hftm tk` f`t.‗ Lut N`rry‘s jbhiy :-0 kmur prbotho` s`sshmfs whtk strmfe piby`rs bt Ghbgh‘sAunhh Oiul hs pbyhfe maa, amr k`‘s j`vìmphfe b Cibgpbr/Nmfy`r imfe-strmc` immphfe styi` tkbtebv` Erbkbg b 28-hf-tk`-:tk sobr`. @fmuek tm ehv` bfymf` bt i`bst b ghij stbrt hs tkhs aìimw‘simmp (s`` boomgpbfyhfe pkmtm). Uk`f k` omg`s mut ma tkbt jhsous sphf, hs khs pbjji` emffb

omg` aiyhf‘ whtk tk` lbii=Ruhoc‘s 2st gbtok hs bebhfst imfethg` arh`fj bfj prbotho` pbrtf`r GoBa``. \hokbrj em`s

up <-4, tk`f ’Nmkf st`ps mf tk` lbii. Mf purpms`=‗ Uk`rùpmf ’Gbo s``gs surprhs j bfjomfo`rf`j‗‚baaòt`j hs gmr` ihc` ht, amr k` ims`s hf 0, tk`f jàbuits khs r`gbhfhfe gbtok`s.

Erbkbg E`br, 285< _mutk`rf Mp`f Okbgp

Zk` lbii, tk` rboc`t - smg`tkhfe‘s emffb aiyTkmtm ly Jbvhj \. Gmmr`



:<5

T`rkbps Ruhoc, tmm, hs baaòt`j, amr k`‘s fmt hftm ht bebhfst E`br bfj hs limwf bwby. Zk`fZkrbsk`r jm`sf‘t try amr <fj Tibo` bebhfst Ruhoc.

Mtk`r r`suits> Umg`f‘s> L`v K`ss mv`r Okbri`stmf‘s _kìly Nmrjbf. G`f‘s Jmuli`s>GoBa``/Ruhoc mv`r E`br/Kmg`r Lrmwf (bat`r l`hfe jmwf <-4 bfj jmwf 28-21 hf tk` 0tk).Ghx`j Jmuli`s> Jmyi` Jy`/Nmrjbf mv`r Ruhoc/K`ss, 25 hf tk` 0tk. _kìly kbs b omfshst`ft

’khp-swhfehfe lbockbfj‗ tkbt‘s v`ry àaòthv`. ’_k` kbs k`r rhekt brg bigmst stbthmfbry bfjswhfes k`r iàt shj` brmufj v`ry swhatiy.‗ G`f‘s Omfsmibthmf> Lml Ubic`r mv`r Kuek Ibx, ?-4.’Bfymf` wkm jà`bts Kuek Ibx ? strbhekt whii kbv` aheur`j mut b w`hrj omglhfbthmf ma skmts,

amr tkhs iàt-kbfj`j pusk`r kbs sphf tkbt kbsf‘t l``f spuf làmr`.‗ Umg`f‘s Omfsmibthmf>Z`r`sb Ghii`r mv`r L`v‘s gmtk`r, Bffb K`ss, -<4, 28, 25, 2<.

_thii mtk`r r`suits> B‘s> Uhfstmf ’_chp‗ Ubic`r hf : mv`r Lhii @jwbrjs ’wkm pibys 0-1

kmurs b jby.‗ _chp‘s ’b okmpp`r whtk bfth mf tk` lbockbfj bfj Gbrc Q mf tk` amr`kbfj. Kòkmp-limocs wìi whtk tk` bfth, tk` lbii aiutt`rhfe lboc ihc` bkhpph` wbitzhfe tkrmuek b ahìj ma pmt.‗ (Aiht mv`r tkbt aheur` ma sp`òk, whii ymu=) B Jmuli`s> Ibfo` \ms`gmr`/Erè Ehfemij28 hf tk` :tk mv`r Gbrv Iàa/Zmggy Omk`f, bjvbfo`rs mv`r Ubic`r/Bibf Fhss`f, 28 hf tk` :tk. L‘s> Ubyf` Jbuft, ’wmrchfe

tmwbrjs l`hfe b omgg`rohbi phimt,‗ lut obii`j up k`r` tm`febe` hf bf 2;-hf-tk`-0tk b`rhbi jmeahekt whtk guok-hgprmv`j

ruff`r-up, Aunhh-ombok`j L`v K`ss. L Jmuli`s> K`rlLòckbg/Ubic`r mv`r Zmg _`by/Arbfc U`ll. O‘s> Jy` mv`r Ebry Kurst. _`fhmr‘s> Nmkf Ukht`, tkrmuek Jmuli`@ihghfbthmf, mv`r Oyrhi I`j`rgbf.

Nufhmr \`suits> Lmys Pfj`r 25> Hf tk` s`gh‘s, Nmkf@iihmtt jmwf`j tk` #2 s``j Nmkf Ruhoc, -21, 28, 2;, 21. Ahizsbys tk`r` wbs bf btt`gpt`j psyok-mut whtk b ’lbii st`pphfehfohj`ft‗ k`r` tmm‚lut wkm trh`j tm st`p mf wkm= Hf tk` ahfbi,

_mutk`rf Mp`f G`f‘s OmfsmibthmfUhff`r Lml Ubic`r

Z`r`sb Ghii`rTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf

Lhii @jwbrjs - pibys 0-1 kmurs b jbyTkmtm ly Gìmjy _pbhf

_mutk`rf Mp`f Nufhmr Okbgp

Nmkf @iihmttTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



:<;

@iihmtt aìi l`khfj twm ebg`s tm Lhii @jwbrjs, tk`f amro`j khg hftmtk` 0tk, lut omuijf‘t whf. Ehris Pfj`r 25 bfj Pfj`r 20> K`ss mv`r Ghii`r. Lmys Pfj`r 20> @iihmtt mv`r Tkhi Ehlls, <4, 21, 28. (Hf bf`brih`r gbtok, Nmkf whfs b jùo` ebg`, amiimws tkbt whtk b <2-4 lihtz!) Lmys Pfj`r 2?> Gbrc Uhij`r mv`r \mffh` \hem. Ehris Pfj`r

2?> Cbtky Ubrr`f mv`r Cbr`f Uhij`r.Bt tk` Fmrtk Obrmihfb Abii Mp`f, Zmggy Zbrrbft (ZZZ , Nbf.-A`l,285?, <0) shfes tk` prbhs`s ma G`f‘s whff`r _chp Ubic`r>

’…SK`} btt`fj`j khs ahrst sbfothmf`j `v`ft k`r` hf\bi`hek blmut b y`br bfj b kbia bem. K` wmuijf‘t kbv` l``fs``j`j mr pibo`j hf b oibss ‛J‘ v`ft…lut H omuij tìi…k` wbs

kmmc`j…. _chp kmijs b jmotmrbi jèr`` hf Gbtk`gbthos bfjt`bok`s bt tk` Pfhv`rshty ma Ubc` Amr`st hf Uhfstmf-_bi`g.Ihvhfe hf tk` sgbii omggufhty ma Tabaatmwf, _chp hskbfjhobpp`j whtk r`spòt tm l`hfe bli` tm prbotho` whtk mtk`r

tmp piby`rs, lut k` kbs gbj` up amr tkhs ly khs j`t`rghfbthmf bfj khs bfbiythobibpprmbok tm tk` ebg`. K` c``ps hf skbp` ly b prmerbg ma nmeehfe bfj ly prbothohfe

bebhfst b sk``t ma piywmmj….‗

\`suits> G`f‘s> Ahfbi> Ubic`r mv`r Cum-_bf Okufe, F.O. #2, hf :. _`gh‘s> Ubic`r mv`r Okuoc Ghokìi hf :3 Okufe mv`r Ibfo` \ms`gmr`, 2; hf tk` 0tk. Rubrt`r‘s> Ubic`r mv`r T`t`Gby, <4, <4, 21, vhb imfe jà`fshv` rbiih`s3 Okufe mv`r Jbffy Jy`, ?-43 Ghokìi hf : mv`r Ar`jChfe wkm‘j `brih`r ìhghfbt`j F.O. #< Kmu-Ghfe Okbfe (Qhsubihz` tkhs gbtok ly hgbehfhfe

’twm T`t`r Trbjhts `xokbfehfe jrhv`s, omuft`r-jrhv`s, chiis bfj omuft`r-chiis‗)3 \ms`gmr`, ’behbft bgmfe immp`rs,‗ ?-4, mv`r bfth-sphf jà`fj`r _mi I`whs ’hf b lrhiihbft xkhlhthmf ma mv`r- pmw`rhfe immps bfj orbskhfe chiis.‗ Umg`f‘s w`ft tm _kìly Nmrjbf mv`r N`bf Tmstmf. G`f‘s

Jmuli`s tm Okufe/Okbfe mv`r \ms`gmr`/Ghokìi hf 0. Ghx`j tm K`rl Lòckbg/Nmrjbf mv`r Zmg bfj N`bf Tmstmf. B‘s> Gby mv`r Ghc` Oibrc`, 28 hf tk` :tk. G`f‘s Omfsmibthmf> Nboc Obrr mv`r Lml Lbsc`tt, 28 hf tk` ?rj. _`fhmr‘s> _mi I`whs mv`r Obrr. Pfj`r 25> Ghc` Nmkfsmf mv`r

Ebry Kurst. Pfj`r 20> Nmkfsmf mv`r Jbv` Jrhee`rs.Zk` Bl`rj``f, GJ Oiul put mf tk`hr Kbramrj Omufty Oims`j. Lut tkmuek hf tk` shx

w``cs làmr` tk` tmurfbg`ft 20 brthoi`s blmut ht sbw prhft hf imobi f`wspbp`rs mfiy ?4 p`mpi``ft`r`j, bfj fmt gmr` tkbf kbia ma tk`g armg tk` Bl`rj``f Oiul htsìa‚tkhs j`spht Lèhff`rs_hfei`s bfj Jmuli`s bfj `ftry a``s c`pt tm b ghfhgug. Zk` Oiul‘s Nm` I`` wmf tk` Mp`f_hfei`s hf : armg amrg`r Kmfe Cmfe`r Tbc Zbt Xhp. Mp`f Jmuli`s whff`rs w`r` tk`

@je`wmmj Brs`fbi‘s It. Omi. Gbfgmkbf \bfbjhv`/Obpt. Bfjy Emijsghtk mv`r Jhoc Misk`r/Xhp. \bfbjhv`, b okmpp`r, hs bism bf boomgpihsk`j lbjghftmf, squbsk, bfj pbjji`lbii piby`r.

Zk` Umg`f‘s wbs wmf ly Zyib Ehlsmf mv`r @ii`f \hpchf.

Tkhibjìpkhb Oiul Aimurhsk`sZk` Tkhibjìpkhb Oiul maa`r`j twm abii tmurfbg`fts (ZZZ , Fmv.-Jò., 285<, <;) làmr`

hts oihgbotho Hfvhtbthmfbi. Hf tk` ahrst ma tk`s`, tk` Ihl`rty Lìi Mp`f, K`rl Qhokfhf j`sorhl`stk` f`w g`tkmj ma ugphrhfe tkbt tk` Oiul‘s hfhthbt`j. Bii bsphrhfe ugphr`s gust pbss tk`P_ZZB Pgphr`‘s @xbg. Fmtkhfe‘s wmrs`‚ròbii tk` Btibftb Fbthmfbi‘s‚tkbf kbvhfe bfugphr` wkm jm`sf‘t cfmw wkbt k`/sk`‘s jmhfe. Bfj, sbys K`rl, ’ymu‘j l` surprhs`j bt kmw

Gbrc Uhij`r,

Lmys‘ Pfj`r 2? Uhff`r



:<8

gbfy p`mpi` jmf‘t cfmw tk` rui`s.‗ Zk` wrhtt`f `xbg hsmp`f-lmmc, tk` mrbi pbrt obf l` bjghfhst`r`j mf tk` Oiul‘s pr`ghs`s ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf. (Xmufe J`llh` Umfe pbss j bfjtmmc hf $2? ugphrhfe tkhs w``c`fj.) Bitkmuek piby`rs`ft`rhfe bf `v`ft br` r`quhr`j tm pr`-pby bf ugphr`‘s a`` ($2),

K`rl sbys, ’Zm skmw tkbt w` jm fmt wbft ymur gmf`y, w`biimw ymu tm ugphr` `v`f ha ymu‘r` fmt qubihah`j. U` tk`fc``p b ròmrj ma `bok jmiibr ymu‘v` `brf`j, bfj w` kmij ht amr ymu ufthi ymu jm qubihay.‗

\`suits> G`f‘s> Ahfbi> Ihg-Ghfe Okuh (kbvhfe l``f wbrf`jhf bjvbfo` blmut khs hiièbi s`rv`s ly lbfcrmiihfe ymufe ugphr`Lruo` Timtfhoc) mv`r @rrmi \`s`c, 25 hf tk` 0tk. _`gh‘s> Okuh

mv`r Kmrbo` \ml`rts, ?-4, hf b lhzbrr` gbtok wk`r` Ghfe wbsufbli` tm kbfji` \mllh`‘s bfth-tmpsphf, bfj \mllh` wbs ufbli` tmkbfji` Ghfe‘s wmmj3 \`s`c mv`r Lrbtkwht` hf ’tk` l`st gbtok ma tk` tmurfbg`ft,‗ <4, -2;, 25, -2?, 2; (whtk @rrmi whffhfe 8 hf b

rmw armg jmwf 2:-1 hf tk` 0tk). Zk` G`f‘s jrbw kbj kue` kmi`s lòbus b fugl`r ma tmp piby`rs jhjf‘t skmw‚Aubrfbjm

\ml`rts, \hok Abrrìi, T`t`r _t`pk`fs, _bg Kbggmfj, bfj ZhgLmeebf. Bjj tm tkbt, ups`ts hf tk` 2st rmufj‚Kmrbo` \ml`rts

mv`r Bi`x _khrmcy, bfj _tbf _gmibfmwhoz mv`r Jbv` Tkhihp‚bfj hf`quhth`s omuijf‘t kìp lutmoour> L`rfh` Luch`t kbj tm g``t Okuh hf tk` ;tk‘s, bfj _`bithì, pibyhfe mfiy mf` gbtok lòbus` ma bjmuli` jàbuit, emt tm tk` qubrt`r‘s wk`r` k`, tmm, abo`j Okuh.

Umg`f‘s> Ahfbi> Imuhs` Okmtrbs mv`r Iburb Lrho`fm. (Imuhs`‘s abgmus gmtk`r,

L`rfho`, jh`j blmut tkhs thg`‚sk` wbs twho` P._. Mp`f Umg`f‘s _hfei`s Okbgphmf, whffhfetk`s` thti`s hf 28:1 bfj 281?, 25 y`brs bpbrt!) G`f‘s Jmuli`s> Ahfbi> \`s`c/Okuh mv`r Lrbtkwbht`/Luch`t, 25 hf tk` 0tk. Ghx`j Jmuli`s> Jbffy _``ghii`r/Gurhì _t`rf mv`r Okuh/

Lrho`fm. G`f‘s B‘s> Lhii _kbrp` mv`r _gmibfmwhoz hf 0 hf tk` s`gh‘s bfj Ibfjbu hf : hf tkàhfbi. Umg`f‘s B‘s> Okmtrbs mv`r _t`rf. B Jmuli`s> Jbffy/\hoc _``ghii`r mv`r Nm` Ghgmsm/Tkhihp, 28 hf tk` :tk. L‘s> Nàa ^bcbrhf mv`r Kbfc GoOmuiiug <4, 2?. O‘s/J‘s> Imuh` Abrcbs

(’wkm us`j tm piby mf tk` Kufebrhbf Nufhmr Z`bg‗) mv`r Bibf _v`rjihc.Zk` Q`t`rbf‘s Jby Mp`f lrmuekt hj`bs amr gmr` hgprmv`g`fts tm tk` `v`r-hgprmvhfe

Tkhibjìpkhb Oiul. K`rl Qhokfhf pibfs l`tt`r lbrrh`r`j-maa omurts. Zk` omaa`` lbr hs emhfe tm l``xpbfj`j tm bjj ’kmt jmes, kbglure`rs, bfj pmsshliy v`f ghicskbc`s.‗ _hfo` s``j`j _hfei`s piby`rs br`f‘t p`rghtt`j tm piby hf tk` B‘s rèbrji`ss ma tk` str`fetk ma tk`hr pbrtf`r, tk` Oiulkbs bjj`j b f`w `v`ft‚tk` Bjuit/Nufhmr Jmuli`s. B prmli`g sthii r`gbhfs, kmw`v`r> j`spht`

tk` omfthfu`j suoo`ssaui àamrts tm gbc` tk` Oiul oibssh`r, tk`r` br` v`ry, v`ry a`w wmg`f bfjehris `ft`r`j hf tk` tmurfbg`fts. Bfy hffmvbthv` hj`bs mf wkbt tm jm blmut tkbt=

\`suits> G`f‘s> Ahfbi> Nmkf Zbff`khii mv`r Aubrfbjm \ml`rts, <:, 28, 2:. _`gh‘s>Zbff`khii mv`r \`s`c, ?-43 \ml`rts (wkm‘j l``f jùo`-hf-tk`-: tk pr`ss`j hf tk` qubrt`r‘s lyTkhihp) mv`r E`mre` Lrbtkwbht`, -2;, 25, <4, 2;. Hf swhfe gbtok`s hf tk` G`f‘s, tkr`` piby`rsw`r` cfmoc`j mut ma tk` Jò. Hfvhtbthmfbi (wk`r` bii 21 piby`rs wmuij rò`hv` prhz` gmf`y)>

Zhg Lmeebf 28, 21 mv`r T`t`r _t`pk`fs3 Luch`t mv`r Kmrbo` \ml`rts hf b ‟2;, 28, <?gbrbtkmf `xp`jht`j gbtok3 bfj \`s`c mv`r Jbffy _``ghii`r hf b 0-ebg` qubrt`r‘s gbtok.G`f‘s B‘s> _``ghii`r mv`r Lhii _kbrp`, ?-4. Umg`f‘s> Gurhì _t`rf mv`r @vìyf ^bcbrhf.Umg`f‘s B‘s> Jbri`f` GoObff mv`r ^bcbrhf wkm‘j l`bt`f k`r hf tk` Umg`f‘s.

J`llh` Umfe - gbchfe `bsy gmf`y




:?4

Fmt surprhshfeiy, @v iyf wbs r o`ftiy fbg`jUmgbf ma tk` Gmftk (ZZZ , _`pt-Mot., 285<, <53 s``bism Fmv.-Jò, 285<, 2<). Ma omurs` k`r tbli` t`ffhsbothvhth`s whtk kuslbfj Gmrt, bfj lmys Nàa bfj Okuoc,tbc` up guok ma k`r ar`` thg`, amr fmt mfiy jm tk`y bii

piby imobiiy bt tk`hr Kufthfetmf, Imfe Hsibfj Oiul, lutgmr` mat`f br` amufj trbvìhfe blmut bs mf` ma tkòmuftry‘s pr`gh`r tmurfbg`ft-btt`fjhfe abghih`s.Lrmbj`fs us bii, sk` sbys.

Gbc`s k`r hfquhshthv` tmm. _k` wbfts tm cfmw>(2) ha, làmr` b gbtok, sk` kbs tm j`shefbt` smg`mf` bsk`r ombok3 (<) ha sk` obf l` ’ombok`j whtk kbfj shefbis

jurhfe b ebg`‗3 bfj (?) ha, l`tw``f ebg`s, sk`‘s l`hfethg`j bs tm kmw imfe sk` obf l` ombok`j. _k` ahfjs bfHZZA prmpmsbi tkbt omuftrh`s boo`pt ’tk` s`rvho` i`t bsb emmj s`rv`‗ hft`r`sthfe lòbus` ’ht wmuij ihghfbt` b

jòhshmf mf tk` ugphr`‘s pbrt.‗ Bism, ’wky fmt boo`pt b lbii khtthfe tk` shj` `je` bs b emmjmf`=‗ Zkbt gbc`s tk` ugphr`‘s nml `bsh`r tmm. Bfj tk` vmii`y rui`‚amr kmw imfe kbv` w`

l``f tryhfe tm e`t rhj ma tkbt= Bfj, pi`bs`, ’fm nufhmr gbtok skmuij l` stbrt`j bat`r 24 T.G.‗(tkhs suee`sthmf tk` P_ZZB quhociy bjmpt`j).

Ma omurs`, bs Umg`f‘s Okbhr Xvmff` Crmfibe` tìis us, ’@vìyf kbs mtk`r hft`r`ststkbf nust tbli` t`ffhs. _k` t`bok`s brt, pibys lrhje` bfj t`ffhs, bfj nust imv`s tm `bt. _k` bismkìps k`r kuslbfj whtk khs lushf`ss ly jmhfe lmmcc``phfe bfj typhfe.‗

Gbrv Ti`vhfscy, T\ gbf

amr tk` Tkhiiy Oiul, sbys (ZZZ ,Nbf,-A`l, 285?, <1) k`‘s emtt`fimobi ZQ stbthmfs tm skmmt

f`wsr`ìs ma tk` Hfvhtbthmfbis`rh`s ma tmurfbg`fts bfj, whtktk` kìp ma Gbi Bfj`rsmf bfj

@rhok Kbrhfe, kbs s`t up`xkhlhthmfs bt vbrhmus pibo`s‚ ’jurhfe lbsc`tlbii ebg`s bt tk`Pfhv`rshty ma T`ffsyivbfhb‘sTbi`strb (Lhe 0), bt kmsphtbis,bfj bt Ubfbgbc`r‘s

J`pbrtg`ft _tmr`.‗ Bs`xpòt`j, Lruo` Timtfhoc bfj

J`llh` Umfe hfvbrhbliy st`bitk` skmw.

Gmr` Q-Jby \`suits>G`f‘s Jmuli`s> Lrbtkwbht`/

Jbffy _``ghii`r, `briy, mv`r _gmibfmwhoz/_kbrp`, 28 hf tk` ?rj, tk`f mv`r Zbff`khii/Lmeebf bfj \`s`c/Ibfjbu. Ghx`j Jmuli`s> Jbffy _``ghii`r/_t`rf mv`r Lmeebf/^bcbrhf.’Ukbt!‗ sbys Lmeebf tm ugphr` Timtfhoc. ’Br` ymu suee`sthfe H kbv` bf hiièbi s`rv`=‗Lruo`, hf oì`lrbthfe khs Lbr Ghtzvbk, kbj smg` emmj whfs tkhs w``c`fj> k` l`bt `x-

@vìyf ^bcbrhf, ’Umgbf ma tk` Gmftk‗Tkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf

Gbrv Ti`vhfscy> Tkhiiy‘s kìpaui T\ gbf



:?2

T`ffsyivbfhb _tbt` Okbgp N`rryErhc` wkm‘j l``f bwby armg tkÈbg` amr 8 y`brs, 21 hf tk` ?rj3 l`btLmeebf, jùo` hf tk` ?rj3 bfj l`btKmrbo` \ml`rts, 28 hf tk` ?rj hf

`xp`jht`. L‘s> \ml`rts mv`r Nm`\mcmp, 1, 20. ’_mrry, Kmrbo`,‗ sbysQhokfhf, ’fm gmr` L‘s.‗ _`fhmr‘s>_kbrp` mv`r Lmeebf. @squhr`‘s>

E`mre`\moc`r mv`r _bfjmr

Eibfoz. Fm

kbrj a`ìhfes>_bfjmr

prmgptiy jhjb Trmahi` ma E`mre` (ZZZ , Nbf.-A`l., 285?, <5) wkm ht turfs mut jhjf‘t

stbrt pibyhfe tbli` t`ffhs ufthi k` wbs :?. K`r`‘s bf `xo`rpt>

’…K` rufs < bfj · ghi`s tkr`` thg`s b w``c. Zk` ibst kbia-ghi` hs spiht bit`rfbtìy hftm 04 g`t`rs ma wbichfe bfj 04 g`t`rs ma ruffhfe. K` pibys tbli` t`ffhs amur fhekts b w``c armg amur tm ahv`kmurs b fhekt….K` wmf tk` Fbthmfbi _`fhmr thti` S285< _`fhmr B‘sW.

K` hs bf bgbtùr rbjhm mp`rbtmr bfj bf ìòtrmfho tòkfhohbf`xp`rhg`ft`r. Lut k` ihc`s tbli` t`ffhs tk` l`st….‗

Zk` Tkhibjìpkhb Oiul‘s 21-piby`r $2,444 Hfvhtbthmfbi wbs kìjJò. 8, tk` w``c`fj làmr` tk` Zrymuts tkbt wmuij jòhj` tk` P._. Z`bg tm tk` 285? _brbn`vmUmrij‘s. Trhz`s w`r` jhvhj`j bs amiimws> Uhff`r> $?443 \uff`r-up $2043 _`ghahfbihsts> $503

Rubrt`rahfbihsts> $043 @hektkahfbihsts> $<0. K`rl Qhokfhf‘s omv`rbe` (ZZZ , Nbf.-A`l., 285?)ehv`s us ahrst-rmufj gbtok`s ma gmst hft`r`st‚fbgìy, Zhg Lmeebf, 28 hf tk` 0tk, mv`r T`t`r _t`pk`fs wkm‘j r`pibo`j _bg Kbggmfj sujj`fiy tbc`f hii3 bfj Bi`x _khrmcy, -2<, <4, <1, <4mv`r _tbf _gmibfmwhoz, ’Tkhiiy‘s gmst prmghshfe piby`r.‗ Zkmuek _tbf‘s obpbli` ma kmtstr`bcs wk`r` k` obf chii b suoo`sshmf ma Bi`x‘s k`bvy immps, k` ’sthii f``js tkbt spòhbismg`tkhfe wkhok gbc`s b emmj piby`r er`bt hf tk` oiutok.‗

Rubrt`r‘s> ’Lmeebf, ruskhfe brmufj tryhfe tm e`t tm b jhff`r `febe`g`ft hf F`wXmrc…boohj`ftbiiy amremt tm ims`‗‚l`bt _khrmcy hf 03 Ghtok _`bithì, ?-thg`s F.N. _tbt`

Okbgphmf pibyhfe mut ma khs Zr`ftmf Oiul, hf b stuffhfe jhspiby ma amr`kbfj pmw`r, strbhekt-ebg` jmwf`j Lhii _kbrp` wkm‘j brih`r must`j N`rry Ai`hsokkboc`r hf :3 Luch`t mv`r Tkhihp ly nust gbfbehfe ’tm stbv` maa Jbvhj‘s quhoc-khtthfe amr kbfj‗3 bfj Okuh (wkm‘j kbj tm em 2; hftk` :tk whtk Tkhiiy‘s T`t`r Omk`f) mv`r @rrmi \`s`c, 25, 2<, <<. _`gh‘s> _`bithì mv`r Lmeebf hf

:3 Luch`t mv`r Okuh, -2<, 2; (j`spht` twm Abuits amr fmt tkrmwhfe tk` lbii up v`rthobiiy), 28,2?. Bt tk` <-2 lr`bc, Ghfe‘s `bthfe kmf`y bfj okmomibt`, lut tkbt wmf‘t l` sust`fbfo``fmuek> ’K` fmt us` wmmj,‗ sbys L`rfh`, ’H ehv` khg 5 pmhfts. H guok l`tt`r piby`r!‗ Ahfbi>_`bithì, hf khs 2st whf mv`r Luch`t, 25, <4, 2:.

@x-T`ffsyivbfhb _tbt` Okbgp N`rry Erhc`Tkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf

E`mre` \moc`r - quht` b

piby`r amr stbrthfe bt be` :?Tkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



:?<

Bs Obgj`f‘s U`st N`rs`y Oiul Tr`shj`ft E`f` Umfj`rihf tìis us (ZZZ , Fmv,-Jò.,285<, <1), khs Ahrst Bffubi Jìbwbr` Qbii`y Mp`f bigmst jhjf‘t omg` maa. Ahrst, tk`r`‘j l``fs``ghfeiy fji`ss trmuli` e`tthfe ht sbfothmf`j, bfj tk`f, lòbus` ma b ghx-up, tk` mrj`r`jtbli`s w`r`f‘t ju` tm brrhv` ufthi tk` Gmfjby bat`r tk` tmurfbg`ft‚wkhok g`bft b jrhv` ma f`briy ?44 ghi`s tm phoc tk`g up. Lut whtk kìp armg \by GoJmwìi, Tr`shj`ft ma tk` Zr`ftmf

Oiul, tk` 84-`ftry tmurfbg`ft emt ufj`rwby bs sok`jui`j bfj, tkmuek mfiy 0 tbli`s w`r` hf piby, rbf sgmmtkiy fmuek.\`suits> G`f‘s> Ghtok _`bithì mv`r N`rry Ai`hsokkboc`r. Umg`f‘s> Iburb Lrho`fm mv`r

tk` U`st N`rs`y Oiul‘s Gryti` _whtz`r (pibyhfe hf k`r ahrst tmurfbg`ft), jùo` hf tk` :tk. G`f‘sJmuli`s> _`bithì/Gbffy Gmscmwhtz (?-thg`s F.N. _tbt` Okbgphmf lèhffhfe hf 28?1) mv`r Ai`hsokkboc`r/_tbf _gmibfmwhoz. Ghx`j Jmuli`s> E`rbrjm/Iburb Lrho`fm mv`r _omttGoJmwìi/Gurhì _t`rf. B‘s> Lruo` Timtfhoc mv`r \mf Zh`c`rt, b mf`-thg` pbrmjhst‚hf ’Zbli`

Z`ffhs Bfmtk`r Uby‗ (ZZZ , Fmv.-Jò., 285<, ?<) b tbc`-maa (bfj-jmf‘t-omg`-lboc) mf Nm`_mcmimaa‘s ’Gy Uby‗ omiugf. B Jmuli`s> \by bfj _omtt GoJmwìi mv`r @rhok Kbrhfe/GbrvTi`vhfscy hf 0. L‘s> Bi Bii`f mv`r Lbrry \mllhfs. @squhr`‘s> Nmkf Chipbtrhoc mv`r Gmscmwhtz, -<2, 28, 28, 2<. _`fhmr‘s> Lrho`fm mv`r Nmkf Cb`rok`r. Nufhmr‘s> Timtfhoc mv`r Ghc` Lusk, b

autur` P._. Umrij Z`bg g`gl`r gbchfe khs ahrst bpp`brbfo` hf Zmphos.

U`stahìj Oiul @g`re`s

B j`lut wìomg` tmtk` U`stahìj, F.N. Oiul whtkhts ; f`w J`trmht`r B‘s bfjtkms` twm ?< at. imfeaiumr`so`ft ihekts mv`r bok

tbli`. Fm wmfj`r ht‘s tk`’Oiul ma tk` Gmftk‗ (ZZZ ,Gbr.-Bpr., 285?, <5)‚ht‘s

v`fu` rhvbis tk` Tkhibjìpkhbmf`. Gmrrhs \mtk, bat`r tbichfe whtk Jr. Jbf Jhocì,

bf mrebfho ok`ghst bfjTr`shj`ft ma tk` U`stahìjZZO, ehv`s us tk` F.N. lbocermufj tkbt `v`ftubiiyi`j tm tk` amrgbthmf ma tkhsf`w Oiul>

’…SBW imms`

omfa`j`rbthmf ma blmut ?4 piby`rs…ebtk`r`j w``ciy hfb omgg`rohbi stblihskg`ft hf@ihzbl`tk hf mr brmufj 28?1,

bfj bat`rwbrjs bt vbrhmusròr`bthmfbi pr`ghs`s hfjmwftmwf F`wbrc, hfoiujhfe

mf` blmv` tk` mij Liu`-Lhrj Jbfo` Kbii mf Lrmbj _tr``t….

Jbf Jhocì, \me`r Omrgh`r bfj Lml Lbrf`s -

tk`y kìp`j e`t tk` Oiul hftm skbp`

Tkmtm ly J`bf Nmkfsmf



:??

Hf 280<, tk` FNZZO r`ft`j hts ahrst qubrt`rs bt tk` Bg`rhobf Ièhmf Kbii hfOrbfamrj, wk`r` ht stbrt`j whtk ahv` tbli`s bfj blmut ?0 piby`rs bfj quhociy luhit up tmtwm amur-gbf-t`bg i`beu`s tmtbihfe ;; piby`rs.

Ormwj`j amr spbo`, tk` oiul gmv`j tm ibre`r abohihth`s bt tk` @jhsmf Ibf`s hf281:, bfj tkr`` y`brs ibt`r rìmobt`j tm b abotmry imat hf Hrvhfetmf, wk`r` ht r`gbhf`j

ufthi tkhs pbst sugg`r Sma 285<W wk`f b p`fjhfe r`ft khc` prmgpt`j tk` oiulg`gl`rskhp tm s``c gmr` bpprmprhbt` qubrt`rs.Ibst Nuiy, bat`r `xbghfhfe s`v`rbi prmspòthv` sht`s, Jhocì‚mf b thp armg b

g`gl`r‚hfspòt`j wkbt bt tk` thg` wbs b 24-ibf` lmwihfe bii`y smmf tm `fj htsmp`rbthmfs mf Fmrtk Bv`fu` hf U`stahìj….

Ihtti` thg` wbs imst hfshefhfe b i`bs` amr tk` 5,<44 sq. at.

abohihty. Bfj amr tk` r`st ma tk`sugg`r bfj hftm tk` abii hf tk``v`fhfe bfj mf w``c`fjs, Jhocì,G`gl`rskhp Okbhr Lml Lbrf`s,

\me`r Omrgh`r bfj \bui \mjrheu`zbfj mtk`r g`gl`rs vmiuft``r`j tk`hr

thg` bfj iblmr putthfe tk` O`ft`r hftm skbp`. Mf` g`gl`r, Kbrry\ms`fzw`he, bf @ihzbl`tk ìòtrhobiomftrbotmr, bfj khs g`f jhj gmst ma tk` ìòtrhobi wmrc whtkmut okbre`.

… Armg _`pt`gl`r tm Bprhi,

tk` oiul Swhtk ’kbrjwmmj aimmrs3 p`rgbf`ft ?4-hfok khek lbrrhobj`sgbj` ma lhrok pbfìhfe tm s`pbrbt`

tk` pibyhfe br`bs armg spòtbtmrs, b21 at. ly ?1 at. pibyhfe br`b p`r tbli`, bfj bhr-omfjhthmfhfe amr sugg`r pibyW hsmrebfhz`j brmufj t`bg i`beu`s mf Gmfjby, Zu`sjby bfj Zkursjby `v`fhfes (ruffhfe

tk` ebgut armg lèhff`rs tm s`bsmf`j piby`rs), bf hfjhvhjubi ‛ibjj`r‘ i`beu` mfU`jf`sjby v`fhfe, bfj mp`f piby tk` mtk`r jbys ma tk` w``c bfj r`gbhfj`r ma tk`y`br. Hf bjjhthmf, twm tbli`s br` r`s`rv`j amr mp`f piby jurhfe i`beu` fhekts.

Zm omv`r bffubi mp`rbthfe omsts, `xpòt`j tm ruf tkhs y`br S285?W bs khek bs$22,444 tm $2<,444, bjuits br` okbre`j $04 tm $;4 bffubiiy (j`p`fjhfe upmf wk`tk`r tk`y nmhf b i`beu`), wkhi` p`rsmfs Sufj`rW 2; br` okbre`j $:4. Hf bjjhthmf, tk`r` hs b

$<0 hfhthbthmf a`` amr f`w g`gl`rs….‗

Kbrv`y Eutgbf omv`rs tk` ahrst, Mot. <2-<< U`stahìj Mp`f, bfj sbys tkbt whtk f`briy<44 ftrbfts pibyhfe hf v`fts tkbt ahfbiiy ahfhsk`j bt ?>44 b.g., ht wbs b v`ry imfe lut v`rysuoo`ssaui tmurfbg`ft. \`suits> G`f (10 `ftrh`s)> Nmkf Zbff`khii (gbchfe khs ahrst F.N.bpp`brbfo` bfj whffhfe $50) mv`r @rrmi \`s`c ($?0), 20, 2;, 2:. _`gh‘s (bf `glbrrbsshfe $24

tm tk` ims`rs)> Zbff`khii mv`r Jbv` Tkhihp (wkm‘j stmpp`j _bg Kbggmfj, 2; hf tk` ?rj)3 \`s`c mv`r _`bithì hf b tmurfbg`ft tkrhii`r, <2, <2, -28, -2<, <4. @brih`r, ht wbs \`s`c mv`r Luch`t(’K`‘s tk` mfiy mf` wkm obf l`bt g`,‗ sbhj L`rfh`), bfj _`bithì mv`r lmtk _kbrp` bfjLrbtkwbht`. Umg`f‘s Khibry Omk`f ($?0) mv`r J`llh` Umfe.

\bui \mjrheu`z -

U`stahìj vmiuft``r wmrc`r bfj pkmtmerbpk`rTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



:?:

Mtk`r r`suits> B‘s> Imuh` Abrcbs ($?4) mv`r _omtt GoJmwìi, -2;, 25, 2:. L‘s (22;`ftrh`s!)> Uhfstmf ’Lmlly‗ Omushfs mv`r Bi _okwbrtz, 25, 0. O‘s> Bi Ghtokìi mv`r GhcÌ`gp`rt, 2; hf tk` 0tk. _`fhmr‘s> Lhii _kbrp` mv`r Zhg Lmeebf, 28, 24. Thgpi`j \ull`r> Ahfbi>Kbggmfj ($?4) mv`r \`s`c ($20), 2:, jà. (’@rrmi bppbr`ftiy aheur`j k` kbj l`tt`r fmt tkrmwmaa khs ebg` amr tk` G`f‘s _hfei`s gbtok`s.‗) _`gh‘s> \`s`c mv`r @rfst Uhii`r, <4, 213

Kbggmfj mv`r _okhaa, 2:, 21. Pfj`r 25> Nmkf GoErbw mv`r \hoc \ugli`, 2;, -25, 2?. Pfj`r 20> Ghc` _t`rf mv`r Nàa ^bcbrhf.Zbff`khii bism wmf tk` Fmv. 25-28 G`trm Mp`f bt Abrghfejbi`, Imfe Hsibfj, lut ht

wbsf‘t `bsy. Ahfbi> Zbff`khii mv`r Ihg Ghfe Okuh, <?-<2 hf tk` :tk. _`gh‘s> Zbff`khii mv`r L`rfh` Luch`t, -<4, 2:, 28, <23 Okuh mv`r E`mre` Lrbtkwbht` hf 0. Umg`f‘s> @vìyf ^bcbrhfmv`r Kì`f U`hf`r. G`f‘s Jmuli`s> Zbff`khii/Luch`t mv`r Nhg Jhxmf/N`rry Ai`hsokkboc`r,jùo` hf tk` :tk. Umg`f‘s Jmuli`s> Tè Jbiy/U`hf`r mv`r Z`rry Er``f/^bcbrhf. Ghx`j

Jmuli`s> Zbff`khii/Er``f mv`r Lrbtkwbht`/Jbiy. B‘s> T`t`r Kmij`r mv`r ’Lmlly‗ Omushfs, <?-<2 hf tk` :tk. B Jmuli`s> Omushfs/Ai`hsokkboc`r mv`r Jbv` Tkhihp/Nm` Ghgmsm. L‘s>Ai`hsokkboc`r mv`r Bibf _v`rjihc. O‘s> Lml Lrhocìi mv`r @iihmtt Cbtz. G`f‘s Omfsmibthmf> JbfEr``f mv`r F`bi Amx. _`fhmr‘s> Zhg Lmeebf, 28, 21, mv`r _mi _okhaa wkm‘j emtt`f ly Ubit`r

_kur, -2;, 28, 28.Zmurfbg`ft Okbhr J`bf Okhoc`rhfe r`pmrts tkbt tk` ’ahrst Mp`f tmurfbg`ft hf U`st`rf

Gbssbokus`tts hf 8 y`brs‚tk` U`st`rf F`w @feibfj Mp`f‚tmmc pibo` Motml`r <;-<8 bt tk`XGOB hf Fmrtkkbgptmf.‗ Ht wbs bism tk` ahrst Mp`f `v`r put mf ly tk` Arbfcihf Omufty Oiul,bfj wbs ehv`f bf bsshst ly Imfe Hsibfj ZZB Tr`shj`ft Okrhs _okimtt`rkbus`f bfj khs wha`@vìyf. Zk` G`f‘s w`ft tm Ihg Ghfe Okuh mv`r Arbfc Jwìiy, ?-4. Zk`r` w`r` fm Umg`f‘s`v`fts. G`f‘s Jmuli`s whff`rs w`r` Okuh/Lhii J`bf mv`r N`rry Ai`hsokboc`r/\mf Zh`c`rtwkm‘j cfmoc`j mut Jwìiy/L`f Kuii hf 0. B‘s w`ft tm Ai`hsokkboc`r mv`r J`bf. B Jmuli`s>

Ai`hsokkboc`r/Zh`c`rt mv`r \bipk \mlhfsmf/Jbv` Omk`f. L‘s> Nm` Uhiihbgs mv`r Bibf Ghii`tt.L bfj O Omfsmibthmf‘s> _yiv`st`r _omtt.

Zk` F`w @feibfj Hft`rohth`s, piby`j bt Ubitkbg, kbj 21

t`bgs, :; piby`rs r`pr`s`fthfe (hf bipkbl`thobi mrj`r) Omffòthout # 2bfj #<, Amxlmrm, Er``fahìj, Gbhf`, GHZ #2 bfj #<, Fbthoc, F`wL`jamrj, F`w Kbgpskhr`, Trmvhj`fo` #2, #<, #?, _prhfeahìj, bfj

Ubitkbg #2 bfj #<. _trbfeìy, tk` Zmphos boomuft jhjf‘t hfjhobt` tkàhfhskhfe pmshthmfs ma tk` Z`bgs, tkmuek ht jhj ehv` tk` omgpi`t`_hfei`s ròmrjs ma bii :; pbrthohpbfts. Zk` piby`rs whtk tk` l`stròmrjs w`r` bs amiimws> 2. Jbv` _bcbh (Omff. #2), 2?-4. <. IhgGhfe Okuh (GHZ #2), 24-4. ?. Lhii J`bf (Ubitkbg #<), 8-2. :. @j\bcy‚vmt`j Mutstbfjhfe Tiby`r‚(Trmv. #2), 2:-<. 0-1. Arbfc

Jwìiy bfj L`ffy Kuii (Ubitkbg #2), 5-2. 5. N. J`v`r`bux (Trmv.#2), 2<-?. ;. J`bf Okhoc`rhfe (Omff. #<), ;-<. 8. Hrv I`vhf` (Trmv.

#2), 8-?. 24. @ghi Ib\`bu (Omff. #<), 1-<.Mjjiy, tk` Obfbjhbf F`ws jhjf‘t omv`r tk` Mot. O`ftrbi

Obfbjhbf Mp`f‚p`rkbps lòbus` tk` P._. piby`rs jhj sm wìi= Ehv`ftk` mutomg`, tkmuek, ymu obf l`t Nbhrh` \`s`c r`pmrt`j tk` p`rthf`ft

r`suits hf k`r ’Ht‘s Ukbt‘s Kbpp`fhfe‗ omiugf (ZZZ , Gbr.-Bpr., 285?,<;). Zk` P._. (@rrmi \`s`c, Aubrfbjm \ml`rts, bfj Bi`x _khrmcy) 0-< wmf tk` G`f‘s Z`bgGbtok armg Obfbjb (@rrmi Ob`tbfm, J`r`c Ubii, bfj Lhii Ok`fe). Ob`tbfm l`bt _khrmcy, lutimst tm lmtk \`s`c bfj \ml`rts3 Ubii l`bt \ml`rts, lut imst tm \`s`c3 bfj Ok`fe imst tm

Jbvhj _bcbh, 2?-4Tkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



:?0

\ml`rts bfj _khrmcy. Pfusubi moourr`fo`> Lhii hs up 2-4 bfj 25-22 mv`r Bi`x wk`f JmffbC`rr, jbuekt`r ma tk` Mftbrhm ZZB @xòuthv` Jhròtmr C`f C`rr, ’omuijf‘t lìh`v` tkbthffmo`ft ahr` bibrg mf tk` wbii wbs wmrchfe. Ht wbs, bfj amr amrty ghfut`s ht w`ft mf bfj mfbfj mf.‗ Uk`f piby r`sug`j, Lhii gbj` ht 2;-2<‚lut Bi`x smg`kmw ròmv`r j, wmf tkèbg` <<-<4, bfj tmmc tk` ?rj. Mlvhmusiy quht` b rhfehfe swhfe gbtok hf tk` th`.

_m kmw jhj \`s`c jm hf tk` _hfei`s bfj Jmuli`s= Jm`skbppy-k`brt`j Nbhrh kbv` tm tìi ymu, mr obf ymu eu`ss= Pk-kuk,k` wmf tk` Zrhpi` Ormwf. Hf tk` _hfei`s, k` l`bt Ubii hf 0 hf tk`s`gh‘s, l`bt Ob`tbfm, jùo` hf tk` 0tk, hf tk` ahfbi. Hf whffhfe lmtk Jmuli`s, k` pbhr`j whtk _khrmcy hf tk` G`f‘s, whtk Q itbBjghfhs hf tk` Ghx`j. Nbhrh` sbys tkbt mf tk`hr wby lboc tm tk`_tbt`s, @rrmi jhjf‘t kbv` prmma ma ohthz`fskhp, bfj \mllh` jhjf‘t

kbv` prmma ma r`shj`foy. Uky tk`y jhjf‘t kbv` tkhs prmma sk`jm`sf‘t sby. Lut gbyl` tk`y w`r` gmr` pr`pbr`j tkbf Nbhrh`tkmuekt>

’…\mllh` kbj bf mij ompy ma Zmphos tkbt g`fthmf`j@rrmi lòmghfe b ohthz`f bfj hj`fthah`j \mllh` hf bfmtk`r brthoi`.

Ht `v`f kbj b photur` ma Bi`x. Omhfohj`fo`! Mf` ma tk` OustmgHfspòtmrs, wkm piby`j b lht, wbs hgpr`ss`j whtk tk` gbebzhf` bfj bsc`j tm c``p ht.‗

Bk, ht‘s bgbzhfe wkbt b gbebzhf` obf jm.

P._. Mp`f Z`bg Okbgphmfskhps

Hf tk` pbst, b piby`r‘s p`ramrgbfo` bt tk` P._. Mp`f Z bg Okbgphmfskhps mat`f kbj b kue`hgpbot mf wk`tk`r k`/sk` gbj` tk` P._. Umrij Z bg‚obs` hf pmhft> Ei`ff Omwbf bt tk` 2854Z bg‘s. Lut fm gmr`. Zk`s` Okbgphmfskhps, kìj Jò. <-? bt Omlm Kbii hf J`trmht, w`r`

sbfjwhok`j hf l`tw``f twm gmr` hgpmrtbft v`fts amr bsphrbfts tm _brbn`vm‚ahrst tk` Fmv. <0-<1\èhmfbi Rubihayhfe piby, tk`f tk` Jò. 20-25 Ahfbi Zrymuts hf tk` Okhobem sulurl ma Uk`ìhfe.

P_MZO Jhròtmr E`mre` Lul`f, immchfe tm gmr` rèuibt` tk` 208 t`bgs, wbrf`j `briy mf

tkbt ’fm mf` whii l` biimw`j tm bjj bfy piby`rs mr swhtok armg t`bg tm t`bg bat`r tk` j`bjihf`.‗ Fmr, r ebrji ss ma bjv`rs ohrougstbfo s, wmuij bfy t bg l` biimw`j tm em mf omurt whtk nust twm piby`rs, v`f ha tk`yw`r` whiihfe tm pbytk` auii t`bg a``,hfor`bs`j tkhs y`br

armg $?4 tm $:0.Zk`r` wbs

fm stmry mf tk Z`bgOkbgphmfskhps hf

Zmphos, nust tk`\`suits. Hf tk`

G`f‘s, ht bpp`brstkbt hf _òthmf 2,Ghokhebf H wbs ;-4ufjà`bt`j emhfe

Nbhrh` \`s`c>kbs r`bsmf tm l` kbppyTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf

OF@ Uhffhfe Obfbjhbf G`f‘s Z`bg, I-\> @rrmi Ob`tbfm, J`r`c Ubii, T`t`r

Emfjb, Ibrry I`` bfj Obptbhf E`mre` NmvbfmvTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



:?1

hftm tk` ahfbi, bfj tkbt hf _òthmf HH lmtk Mftbrhm bfj F.X. H w`r` 5-2, lut tkbt lòbus` Mftbrhm kbjbppbr`ftiy l`bt`f F.X. H k`bj-tm-k`bj, tk` Obfbjhbfs bjvbfo`j. Zk` ahfbi wbs wmf 0-? lyMftbrhm‚@rrmi Ob`tbfm (2;-2), J`r`c Ubii (2;-?), Ibrry I`` (20-<) T`t`r Emfjb (2?-?), bfjObpt. E`mre Nmvbfmv‚mv r Ghokhebf H (i j ly Gmst Qbiubli Tiby r Bwbrj Uhff r J ii _w` rhs).

Mf` lhe stmry (OZZB F`ws, Gbr., 285?, ;) o`ft`r`j mf‚surprhs`!‚tk` $2,444 ehv`f

amr 2

st

Tibo` hf tk` G`f‘s. Kì`f _hg`ri tìis us tkbt tk` Mftbrhm whff`rs ròruht`j Brtkur _bitp`t`r tm l` tk`hr ’piby`r‘s r`pr`s`ftbthv`‗‚tm breu` whtk maahohbis tkbt tk`y l` biimw`j tmc``p bii tk` prhz` gmf`y. Zk` Mftbrhm Bssmohbthmf ’aìt tkbt shfo` tk`y kbj spmfsmr`j tk` amur t`bgs (pbyhfe boomggmjbthmf, g`bis, trbvì, `ftry a``s…bgmufthfe tm blmut $844.44)‗ bti`bst smg` ma tk` prhz` gmf`y skmuij kbv` l``f ’maa`r`j lboc tm tk` MZZB tm omv`r omsts.‗Zk` Bssmohbthmf maaho`rs aìt ’ht skmuij kbv` l``f up tm tk`g tm jhstrhlut` tk` bwbrj bgmfetk` piby`rs, obptbhfs, bfj p`rkbps maahohbis.‗ Zk` whff`rs spiht bii tk` gmf`y bgmfe

tk`gsìv`s‚wkhok or`bt`j smg` ’lbj limmj.‗Kì`f bism tìis us blmut smg` strbhf`j Obfbjhbf-P._. a`ìhfes>

’Iuocy amr tk` g`f tk`y kbj tk` maahohbis tk`r` wk`f tk` wkmi` t`bg wbs

jhsqubihah j amr l`hfe 20 ghfut`s ibt` (omfaushmf blmut f`w thg` bffmufo`g`fts) lòbus` Nms` Zmgchfs, Iburh Okbri`s bfj mtk`rs p`rsubj`j tk` P_ZZB tm mv`rrhj`

tk` Ghokhebf jòhshmf bfj r`hfstbt` tk` t`bg. Mtk`rwhs`, gmst ma tk` mtk`r Obfbjhbf piby`rs kbj l``f pr`pbr`j tm whtkjrbw armg tk` tmurfbg`ft. Mf` ma mur tmp wmg`f,amr `xbgpi`, wbs mutrbe`j bfj sbhj sk` wmuij f`v`r piby hf bfmtk`r P._. tmurfbg`ft ha tk` Bg`rhobf maahohbis p`rshst`j hf tk`hr uferbohmus ruihfes‚`spòhbiiy wk`f bii smrts ma biimwbfo`s br` gbj` amr Bg`rhobfs bt Obfbjhbf `v`fts.‗

Bfmtk`r lhe stmry hf tk` G`f‘s‚bfj Zmphos r`bj`rs kbv` Nm` _mcmimaa tm tkbfc amr ht(Gbr.-Bpr., 285?, <1)‚wbs 0-thg` P._. Okbgphmf J-N I``‘s ahrst imss tm b fbthv`-lmrf P._. piby`r, Aimrhjb‘s <<-y br-mij \hokbrj GoBa` . Nm` wbs t`bggbt` bfj ombok tm \hokbrj wk`f tk`

th` whtk Mkhm wbs 2-2 bfj \hokbrj wbs abo`j whtk J-N. ’Ht wbs jòhj`j,‗ sbhj Nm` ’tkbt \hokbrjskmuij stby up oims` tm tk` tbli` bfj kht whtk I`` bfj fmt lboc up bfj ehv` khg okbfo`s tm immp.‗C`y tm tk` 2st ebg` wbs tk` omglhfbthmf ma \hokbrj‘s trhocy amr`kbfj s`rv`s bfj pbrthouibriy khsamiimws whtk ’b f`wiy j`vìmp`j strmc` obii`j tk` UKHT J\HQ@.‗ Nm` xpibhfs>

\hokbrj GoBa`` l`hfe omferbtuibt`j mf l`hfe tk` ahrst P._. fbthv`-lmrf piby`r tm jà`bt J-N I``Tkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



:?5

’…Zk` lbii hs omftbot`j wìi lìmw tk` k`hekt ma tk` lmufo` bfj hs tkrmwfamrwbrj whtk tr`g`fjmus pmw`r bfj sp``j whtk b wkhpphfe gmthmf ma tk` wrhst bfjìlmw.

Bf `fmrgmus bgmuft ma pkyshobi str`fetk hs r`quhr`j tm `xòut` tk` skmt bfj\hokbrj kbs l``f jmhfe spòhbi wrhst-str`fetk`fhfe `x`rohs`s amr smg` thg` fmw.

\hokbrj hs 1 a``t 0 hfok`s tbii bfj w`heks <<0 ils‚wkhok bism kìps.‗

Uhtk \hokbrj up 2<-;, Nm` kurrh`j tm try tm ahfj khs ghspibo`j obg`rb‚bfj bimfe whtkkhs arbftho lut suoo`ssaui s`brok k` tmij v`ry Aimrhjb piby`r k` sbw tkbt Gbo wbs l`bthfe J-N.Omghfe lboc tm tk` omurt, Nm`, cfmwhfe kmw `gmthmfbi \hokbrj wbs, mrebfhz`j b ok``rhfesòthmf tm ure` khg mf. Zk` ok``rs gust kbv` kìp`j, amr Gbo ’trh`j < lhe CHII skmts tkbtobg` hf‗ bfj lrmuekt tkufj`rmus rmbrs armg tk` stbfjs. Fmw tk` `fj ebg`>

’…Bt 28-21 \hokbrj‘s abvmr H obii`j amr b fugl`r : pmw`r piby. Armg j``p hfkhs lbockbfj omrf`r k` s`rv`j b ormssomurt okmp-shj`sphf s`rv`, tk`f amiimw`j whtk bUkhp Jrhv` bfj b amr`kbfj chii. J-N r`turf`j tk`g bii lut Gbo ahfhsk`j tk` pmhft whtk <

lbockbfj ormssomurt sgbsk`s.Zk` ibst pmhft ma tk` ebg` wbs s`rv`j armg tk` sbg` omrf`r lut tkhs thg` Gbo

s`rv`j quhoc bfj jmwf tk` ihf`, gmvhfe J-N tm khs rhekt, tk`f amiimw`j whtk bfmtk`r lbockbfj ormssomurt chii skmt `fjhfe tk` ebg`.

ZK@ O\MUJ U@FZ UHIJ!‗

Zk` c`y tm \hokbrj‘s suoo`ssaui piby wbs tkbt ’k` omuij omuft`r lbockbfjs whtk J-Nbfj amro` khg lboc armg tk` tbli` bfj e`t b skmt amr tk` pmhft.‗

Hf tk` <fj, tkmuek, \hokbrj piby`j tmm smat, J-N wbs bli` tm immp, bfj wmf ht bt 20.M.C., Gbo kbj tm bttboc, ’put tk` lbii bwby mf tk` gmv`,…gbc` whffhfe skmts wkhi` mf tk`ruf….Zk` p`ro`ftbe`s w`r` fmt biwbys whtk tk` skmt lut tmjby tk`y w`r` omghfe hf.‗ Mfiy,

tk`f, whtk \hokbrj up 28-21 hf tk` ?rj

bfj s`rvhfe, ’J-N w`ft amr ? chii skmts maa Gbo‘s s`rv`bfj lrmuekt tk`g bii hf l`buthauiiy. GBEFHAHO@FZ!‗\hokbrj immc`j bt Nm`‚Nm` skruee`j, ’bfj aibsk`j b Fugl`r < bii mr fmtkhfe s`rv` piby.‗

Lmtk chii`r amiimws w`ft hf‚bfj \hokbrj, gmll`j ly wìi-whsk`rs, kbj gbj` Khstmry!Zk` Umg`f‘s Okbgphmfskhp w`ft tm Ghokhebf (i`j ly Gmst Qbiubli` Tiby`r Bwbrj

Uhff`r Nbfho` Gbrthf) mv`r Mftbrhm H, 0-:. Lmtk kbj ;-2ròmrjs, lut Ghokhebf (tkmuek imshfe tm Mribfjm) wmf mut lòbus` tk`y k`bj-tm-k`bj l`bt Mftbrhm H. \èbrji`ss ma wk`tk`r E`mre` Lul`f kbj jòhj`j làmr` mr bat`r r`bjhfe

\bipk _tbjìgbf‘s brthoi` hf Zmphos (_`pt.-Mot, 285<, 24)urehfe Omrlhiimf Oup piby hf tk` Umg`f‘s `v`ft, tk` swhtok

wbs gbj` tm hfomrpmrbt` jmuli`s. K`r`bat`r, tk`r`‘ii l`bfmtk`r twhst hf tk` Umg`f‘s piby. Obptbhfs f``j fmt phoc tk`hr jmuli`s pbhr ufthi bat`r tk` ahrst twm shfei`s gbtok`sbr` piby`j.

Tmmr E`mre`. Fm smmf`r jm`s k` tbc` tk` wmg`f‘somgpibhfts tm k`brt bfj ehv` tk`g _ufjby fhekt prmghf`fo`hf tk` Br`fb tkbf‚wkbg!‚k`‘s bttboc`j hf Zmphos ly T`t`Cìiy wkm‘ii piby amr tk` Ghokhebf g`f k`r` f`xt y`br‚

T`t` Cìiy



:?;

tkbt hs, ha tk` wmg`f whii i`t khg. T`t` lrmuekt arh`fjs tm s`` prhg`-thg` bothmf bfj…LM\-hfe! Khs arh`fjs iàt `briy bfj T`t` wbs jhseust`j whtk tk` wmg`f‘s piby. I`t‘s tkhfc ma tk`_T@OZBZM\_, k` sbys tm Lul`f. U` jm wbft tm c``p tk` a`w tkbt w` kbv`, rhekt= Bt thg`sihc` tk`s`, E`mre` ghekt tkhfc tkbt wk`f k` bfj‚Nbf.-A`l., 285? Zmpho‘s Umgbf ma tk`Gmftk‚wha` Gbjìhf` stbrt`j mut tme`tk`r, sk` skmuijf‘t kbv` emf` hftm tbli` t`ffhs, bfj k`

skmuij kbv` l``f jmhfe mhi pbhfthfes whtk k`r.Pfjà`bt`j Mftbrhm (i`j ly Gmst Qbiubli` Tiby`r BwbrjUhff`r _t`v` Aìjst`hf) wmf tk` Nufhmr‘s. Zk`r` wbs b ?-wby th` amr <fj Tibo`, bfj shfo` amr bii tkr`` t`bgs gbtok`sw`r` 8-8, tk` th` kbj tm l` lrmc`f ly ebg`s‚whtk tkàmiimwhfe r`suits> <fj> Er`bt Tibhfs (<0-<2)3 ?rj>T`ffsyivbfhb (<2-<2)3 :tk> H.L.G. (<2-<0).

Fm Nufhmr wmuij qubihay amr mf` ma tk` 20 G`f‘s spmtshf tk` upomghfe P._. Umrij Z`bg Zrymuts. Ukhok r`ghfjsg` ma wkbt _mi _okhaa tmij bf @vbfsvhii`, HF r`pmrt`r ( Tr ss, Fmv. 2:, 285<, <2) wkm‘j bsc`j khg, ’_m wkbt

wmuij ht tbc` amr tk` P._. tm e`t tmuek=‗ _mi bfsw`r`j>

’Lhe gmf`y prhz`s. Zkbt‘ii lrhfe tk` piby`rs. Luttk` gbhf tkhfe wmuij l` amr tkhs omuftry tm stmp s`fjhfe hts l`st piby`rs hftm wmrij omgp`ththmf…._``, tk` euys wkmwhf mur ìhghfbthmf gbtok`s br` wkbt, <4, ?4 y`brs mij= _mtk`y‘r` mur l`st piby`rs, sm wkbt= Zk`y sthii obf‘t l`bt

wmrij-oibss piby`rs. Ukbt w`‘v` emttb jm hs ahfj mur l`st XMPFE piby`rs‚2:, 20, 21

y`brs mij. _`fj ZK@G tm tk` wmrij tmurfbg`fts. _ur`, tk`y‘r` emffb tbc` tk`hr iugpsamr b omupi` ma y`brs, lut làmr` imfe tk`y‘r` emffb l` piby`rs…._``, omgp`ththmf hstk` mfiy wby tm e`t emmj….Xmu emttb e`t mut bfj piby smg`lmjy….‗

X`s, H ber`` tkbt ymu emttb e`t mut. Lut tkmuek tk`s` ghj-t``fs ghekt skmw prmghs`, hsht ihcìy tk`y‘ii kbv` tk` sustbhf`j omgghtg`ft tm l` ’piby`rs‗=

Mftbrhm‘s Nufhmr GQT Bwbrj

Uhff`r _t`v` Aìjst`hf




:?8

Okbpt`r Zkhrty-Zkr``

285<> \èhmfbi Rubihayhfe Tiby bfj Ahfbi Zrymuts amr tk` P._.

Z`bg tm tk` 285? _brbn`vm Umrij‘s.

Mf Fmv. <0-<1, Rubihayhfe Tiby hf tkr`` sòthmfs ma tkòmuftry‚U`st, O`ftrbi, bfj @bst‚j`t`rghf`j wkm wmuij l` ìhehli`tm em tm tk` Okhobem sulurl ma Uk`ìhfe amr tk` ahfbi P._. Umrij Z`bgZrymuts Jò. 21-25. Zk` spmfsmrhfe Gt. Trmspòt, HI Nbyo``s ber``jtm pby $<044 tm tk` P_ZZB tmwbrjs trbfspmrtbthmf ma tk` piby`rs, tm prmvhj` twm fhekts imjehfe amr up tm ?4 p`rsmfs, tm jmfbt` <4% ma tkèrmss thoc`t sbi`s blmv` jàhf`j ahx`j omsts tm tk` P_ZZB, bfj tm

skbr` `qubiiy whtk mur Bssmohbthmf bfy gmf`y tkbt ghekt booru` armg ZQ, rbjhm, mr bfy gbssg`jhb bfj/mr spòhbi hft`r`st rhekts. Zk` P_ZZB okbre`j `bok ma tk` ?5 pbrthohpbfts (<0 g`f,2< wmg`f) b $:0 a``, lut ber``j tm prmvhj` imjehfe amr b ?rj, bfj, ha fò`ssbry, :tk fhekt, bfjtm gbc` sur` trbfspmrtbthmf omsts w`r` omv`r`j.

Zk` mfiy Zmphos brthoi` mf \èhmfbi piby obg` armg tkÙ`st vhb Zmurfbg`ft Jhròtmr Lbrj Lr`ff`r. Rubihayhfe gbtok`s

w`r` put mf bt tk` Kufthfetmf L`bok Khek _okmmi whtk tk` kìpma Lr`ff`r bfj b v`rhtbli` ebibxy ma suppmrt`rs‚Zmurfbg`ftOkbhr Ebr`y Liboc, OZZB Tr`shj`ft Ar`j K`rlst, Tbohaho \èhmfZmurfbg`ft Jhròtmr \hokbrj Bij`f, \à`r`` Imu Julhf, NmkfKmrfhfe, N`rry IbIbfj`, Lbrt Ibwsmf, Zmg Imvhi, C`ftImatkmus`, OB \bfchfe Okbhr Jh`t`r Kul`r, Nmkf Ubic`r, Nboc

Kmwbrj, bfj Ghiib Lmozb. _m gbfy gbtok`s, lut H‘ii try tmkhekihekt Lbrj‘s imfe brthoi` (ZZZ , Gbr.-Bpr., 285?, 28-<4).

Omgpihobthfe piby hf tk` G`f‘s wbs @rwhf Ci`hf‘s

jòhshmf tm whtkjrbw. K` wbsf‘t jmhfe wìi, lut wbsf‘t jmhfe pmmriy `htk`r‚kbj _whss _yst`g imss s tm I``, Kmwbrj, bfjOmwbf, lut b ruf-mut whf bebhfst Euhii`f armg jmwf 20-<4 hf

tk` ?rj. Uhtk b 0-? ròmrj k`‘j lbrìy gbj` tk` ahrst-jby‘s out,y`t wbs surìy b abvmrht` tm qubihay. K` `xpibhfs tm Lbrj tkbt (2) k`‘s nust k`brj blmut tk`mlihebtmry Arhjby piby hf Okhobem tkbt whii r`juo` tk` <0 g`f tm b ahfbi 20 mf _bturjby/_ufjby3 tkbt (<) k` kbjf‘t r`bihz`j tkbt Gt. Bhry Imje` hf tk` T`ffsyivbfhb Tmomfms wbsemhfe tm kmst tk` P._. Z`bg amr b w``c làmr` ht iàt amr _brbn`vm (tkhs r`smrt trbhfhfe-sht`bvbhibli` tm us tkrmuek tk` àamrts ma Imfe Hsibfj‘s Gmrt ^bcbrhf)3 bfj tkbt (?) k` sthii kbs b

fugl`r ma gbtok`s tm piby tmgmrrmw. ’Ht‘s nust fmt amr g`,‗ sbys @rwhf. H jmf‘t kbv` tkbtguok thg` bfygmr`. H skmuijf‘t kbv` `ft`r`j.‗

_m wkbt‘s Ci`hf jmhfe whtk khs thg`= Jmf Euff sbys, @rwhf‘s ’l``f ehvhfej`gmfstrbthmfs bt tk` Ukht` Armft stmr`s hf tk` _bf Arbfohsom br`b, bfj pibyhfe g`gl`rs ma tk` bujh`fo` Shfoiujhfe EuffW….Zk` stmr`s sìi b abhriy emmj tbli`, lut tk` lbts bfj mtk`r boo`ssmrh`s br` strhotiy ‛uek.‘‗*

M.C., whtkjrbwbi bfj bpmimey boo`pt`j, lut fmw kmw blmut tkms` piby`rs wkm‘j nustghss`j tk` out bt :-: bfj kbj imst tm @rwhf= Bfj kmw blmut b piby`r ihc` Jbffy Lbfbok (hs htabhr tm c``p khg mut=) wkm, hf tk` 2st-jby‘s _whss _yst`g ihght`j rmufj rmlhf (piby`rs whtk ihc`r`suits omfthfu` tm piby mf` bfmtk`r) wbs :-: lut, ufihc` mtk`rs, kbj omgp`t`j bebhfst v`ry

Kufthfetmf L`bok‘s

N`rry IbIbfj`



::4

strmfe piby`rs= (\`gbrcbliy, Jbffy kbj whfsmv`r Euhii`f, Fmrtk`rf Obihamrfhb stbr JbvhjOkbf, Kmwh` Ermssgbf, bfj Lbfn`rj ’Lhii‗Pcbpbtbybsbcui.) Zk` Zmurfbg`ftOmgghtt`` g`t bfj, tm tk`hr or`jht, ber``j tm

`xt`fj tk` out tm 2: piby`rs hfst`bj ma 24.@hekt wmuij l` ìhehli` tm em tm Okhobem.Uk`f ahfbiiy tk` r`suits obg` hf, J-N

I`` wbs ufjà`bt`j (k` imst mfiy mf` ebg`‚tmCi`hf). Omwbf wbs 24-? (imst tm I``,M‘Omffìi, bfj \bpkì). Kmwbrj wbs 24-?(imst tm I``, Omwbf, bfj M‘Omffìi).

M‘Omffìi wbs 8-:, bs wbs \bpkì. Euhii`f bfjOkbf w`r` hf whtk 5-1. Mf` pibo` mp`f amr Lbfbok mr Pcbpbtbybsbcui (wkm hf twm v`ry pbhfaui gbtok s ghekt kbv` limwf khs okbfo s>

k`‘j kbj 0 gbtok pmhfts bebhfst Kmwbrj, bs wìi bs gbtok pmhft bebhfst Omwbf hf lmtk tk` <fj

bfj?rj ebg`s, lut omuijf‘t ahfhsk bebhfst htk`r). Fmw ha Lbfbok obf l`bt Lr`ff`r k`‘s tk` ;tk gbf, fmt

Lhii. Lut tkmuek Jbffy whfs tk` 2st, Lr`ff`r‘s sup`r-immps biimw khg tm whf <2-2; hf tk` ?rj. F`htk`r U fjy Khocs _tmocwìi fmr Hr`f` Meus trh`j mut amr

tk` Z`bg. _m tk` 1 wmg`f qubihah`rs ahfhsk`j hf tkhs mrj`r> NujyLmok`fsch, ;-2 (whtk b whf mv`r Tbtty Obsk)3 Tbtty, ;-23 Bfeh` \msbi,5-<3 Trhsohiib \`s`c Tbrc`r, 5-<3 @ish` _phffhfe, 0-:…bfj Tbt Ormwi`ywkm, whtk b ibst whf mv`r Lmffh` Nmkfsmf, wmuij em tm Okhobem hfst`bj

ma Cbr`f L`rihf`r.O`ftrbi Rubihah`rs bgmfe

tk` G`f w`r` Jìi _w``rhs, Nmkf

Zbff`khii, Tbui Tbskucu, bfj NhgIbzbrus, whtk N`rry Cbrluicb bs2st Bit`rfbt`, bfj bgmfe tk`

Umg`f Jhbfb Gy`rs, whtk Ghiih`_kbkhbf bs 2st Bit`rfbt`.

@bst Rubihah`rs bgmfetk` G`f w`r` E`mre`Lrbtkwbht`, Ihg Ghfe Okuh,T`t`r Trbjht, @rrmi \`s`c, \mry

Lrbsshfetmf, L`rfh` Luch`t, \hokAbrrìi, Jhoc Ghi`s, Aubrfbjm

\ml`rts, Ghtok _`bithì, Jbffy_``ghii`r, Bi`x _khrmcy, bfjKmrbo` \ml`rts, whtk Jbv` Tkhihp bs 2st Bit`rfbt`, bfjbgmfe tk Umg`f Biho Er``f, Lbrlbrb Cbghfscy, Jmffb

F`wìi, bfj Mieb _mit sz, whtk [ubf A reusmf bs 2st

Bit`rfbt`. Okbrhsgbtho obsubity= Bs tk` boomgpbfyhfe pkmtm skmws, abf-abvmrht Gbrty \`hsgbf kbj tm swbiimwkhs khek-ghfj`j kmp`s.

Lhii ’P‗ - tkbt hs, PcbpbtbybsbcuiTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf

Tbui Tbskucu

Armg tk` Nbf/Gbr 285<ZBZBT \òmrj , <

Gbrty \`hsgbf> obvhbr...bfj omibTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



::2

P . _ .

U m g ` f ‘ s U m r i j Z r y m u t A h f b i h s t s , I - \ > O r m w i ` y , _ p h f f h f e , K h i j ` l r b f j t , F ` w ` i i , G y ` r s , T b r c ` r , _ m

i t ` s z , \ m s b i , C b g h f s c y , E r ` ` f ,

G b r t h f

` z b f j L m o k ` f s c h

T k m t m l y G b i B f j ` r s m f

P . _ .

G ` f ‘ s U m r i j Z r y m u t A h f

b i h s t s , I - \ > I ` ` , _ w ` ` r h s , T r b j h t , O k u h , Z b f f ` k h i i , \ ` s ` c ,

K m w b r j ,

O m w ` f ,

G h i ` s ,

L u c h ` t , _ k h r m c y , _ ` ` g h i i ` r , \ m l ` r t s , M ‘ O

m f f ` i i b f j I b z b r u s

T k m t m l y G b i B f j ` r s m f



::<

Bt tk`hr Jò. :, 285< G``thfe hf J`trmht prhmr tm tk` Zrymuts (\òmrjhfe _òr`tbryImu Lmok`fsch r`pmrthfe hf ZZZ , Nbf.-A`l., 285?, 2:), tk` P_ZZB @.O. omfsoh`fthmusiybpprmv`j tk` \ui`s amr tk` Zrymuts lbs`j mf Ghi`s‘s syst`g>

’…2< wmg`f tm piby b rmufj rmlhf stbrthfe _bturjby bt <>44 bt Uk`ìhfe Khek

_okmmi.<0 g`f tm piby hf < rmufj rmlhf ermups ma ; bfj mf` ermup ma 8, obii`j B, L,bfj O. Zk` ermups tm l` spiht `v`fiy boomrjhfe tm blhihty. B omgpi`t` rmufj rmlhf hf`bok ma tk`s` tkr`` ermups tm l` piby`j SJò. 20 bt Arbfc Zhoky‘s Okhobem OiulW whtktk` tmp ahv` ma `bok ermup amrghfe b ahfbi ermup ma 20 tkbt whii piby b rmufj rmlhfSJò. 21-25 bt Uk`ìhfeW…. Bii gbtok`s piby`j bebhfst bfymf` wkm gbc`s tkhs rmufjma 20 hf tk` prhmr rmufj rmlhf Sbt Zhoky‘sW…whii omuft hf tk` ahfbi stbfjhfes, bfj tk`

piby`r whii fmt piby bebhf bfymf` k`‘s bir`bjy piby`j.‗

Bpprmprhbtìy `fmuek, Gbi Bfj`rsmf, hf ‘5? tk` P._.‘s ahrst Hft`rfbthmfbi Pgphr`, whii l` tk` Zmurfbg`ft \à r`` (bfj whii maa r tkbfcs amr ugphr` suppmrt tm Zbff`khii, Z`j Lbss`t,

Z`j _tmggb, bfj F`w Xmrc`rs Lrbtkwbht`, T`t`r _t`pk`fs, Jbv` Tkhihp, bfj Kmrbo` \ml`rts,bs wìi bs Bfeh` \msbi bfj Tbt Ormwi`y). @.O. g`gl`rs Lmeebf bfj \`bj ’whii gbc` up b

omurt ma ibst r`smrt amr bfy piby`r wkm wbfts tm bpp`bi‗3 bism mf tkhs bpp`bis omurt> Kmwbrjamr G`f‘s piby, Imu Lmok`fsch amr Umg`f‘s piby (whtk Cbghfscy tm tbc` Imu‘s pibo` ha k`‘sfmt tk`r`). Jbv` Omx whii l` tk` Zmurfbg`ft Okbhr (whtk \mf _khri`y bs lboc-up bfjCbghfscy bs lboc-up amr _khri`y). Lmeebf hs tm okòc whtk tk` piby`rs bfj gbc` sur` tkbtBfj`rsmf whii ’bvmhj ushfe ugphr`s wkm kbv` kbj b khstmry ma omfaihot whtk bfy ma tk` piby`rshfvmiv`j‗ (tkhs 0-: lbrìy wmf tk` Lmbrj‘s bpprmvbi).

Ha tk`r`‘s b twm-wby th` amr tk` ibst pmshthmf hf `htk`r tk` G`f‘s mr Umg`f‘s piby,’tk`r` whii l` b < mut ma ? ebg` pibymaa.‗ Ha gmr` tkbf twm br` th`j, tk` th` whii l` lrmc`f lyebg`s wmf-imst3 ha sthii th`j, ly p`ro`ftbe` ma pmhfts. Jhttm amr bf Bit`rfbt th`. Ha b piby`r

whtkjrbws, khs ròmrj (tkmuek ht omufts amr rbthfes) jm`sf‘t omuft amr tk` Z`bg sìòthmf.Zk` @.O. hs tm fmghfbt` ’? tm 0 pmt`fthbi t`bg obptbhf obfjhjbt`s‗‚bfj wk`f tk`

t`bgs br` cfmwf tk`y‘ii vmt` mf wkmg tk`y wbft bs tk`hr obptbhf.

Bt Uk`ìhfe, tk` lhe surprhs` hf tk` G`f‘s (shfo`, boomrjhfe tm Nboc Kmwbrj‘s Fmv.-Jò, ‘5< Zmphos \bthfes, k` w`ft tk`r` bs tk` #2-rbt`j P._. Nufhmr lut tk` #54-rbt`j P._.gbf) wbs #2 ahfhsk`r Jbffy _``ghii`r. Bat`r qubihayhfe whtk b 5-? ròmrj hf tk` @bst \èhmf,k` wbs 2<-< k`r` (imshfe mfiy tm I`` bfj L`rfh` Luch`t). P_ZZB/Nbyo``sZmurfbg`ft Ommrjhfbtmr Nmkf \`bj r`pmrt`j tkbt bii Jbffy‘s ’pibyhfebfj trbhfhfe :4 tm 04 kmurs b w``c amr tk` l`tt`r pbrt ma shx gmftks‗

o`rtbhfiy pbhj maa. Jurhfe tkhs trbhfhfe, Jìi _w``rhs wbs b lhe kìp tm_``ghii`r.’Ha ht wbsf‘t amr Jìi, H‘j l` fmtkhfe,‗ Jbffy sbhj ibt`r.

Imobi K`rbij r`pmrt`r Lml Arhsc (Jò. 28, 285<) ìblmrbt`j mfJbffy‘s ’ormwj-pi`bshfe p`ramrgbfo`‗>

’…_``ghii`r, b stbfjmut ammtlbii qubrt`rlboc bfj trboc

sprhft`r SshoW hf tk` Thttslurek, Tb. br`b, wbs tk` tbic ma tk` twm-jby skmw….

‛Amr smg`mf` wkm wbsf‘t `v`f `xpòt`j tm gbc` tk`rèhmfbis, tk` p`ramrgbfo` ma _``ghii`r kbs l``f tk` mutstbfjhfe

K`‘s tk` surprhs` #2Tkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



::?

pbrt ma tk` trymuts,‘ sbhj b tbli` t`ffhs maahohbi _ufjby `v`fhfe. ‛T`mpi` whii l` tbichfeblmut tkbt orbzy lbockbfj ma khs lut ht o`rtbhfiy wmrcs amr khg.‘

Zk` t``fbe`r wbs tk` mfiy g`f‘s piby`r hf tk` ahfbis bt Uk`ìhfe wkm wbs lmrfhf tk` Pfht`j _tbt`s SshoW, bfj khs mv`rbii piby, b omglhfbthmf ma beer`sshv` bttbochfebfj sup`rl omftrmi mf jà`fs` bt tk` tbli`, stbgps khg bs tk` gmst prmghshfe f`w

fbg` hf tk` spmrt. K` kbs tk` okbrhsgb tk` spmrt f``js….‗

J-N wbs f`xt whtk b 24-: ròmrj. Zk` Zmphos \`suit Okbrt (Nbf.-A`l., 285?, <) or`jht`jT`t`r Trbjht whtk b 24-: ròmrj bfj b ?rj-Tibo` ahfhsk, lut wk`f ymu okòc`j khs r`pmrt`jgbtok`s hf j`tbhi, ymu fmt`j tkbt k` kbj 0 imss`s‚bs jhj lmtk Aubrfbjm \ml`rts bfj L`rfh`Luch`t (wkm‘ii l` 0: bt _brbn`vm!). Zk`s` ahv` tk`f gbj` tk` P._. G`f‘s Z`bg. (Hrmfhobiiy,\ml`rts kbj ure`j, `v`f làmr` \èhmfbi Rubihayhfe piby kbj lèuf, tkbt tk` P_ZZB s`fj

L`rfh` tm _brbn`vm, bii xp`fs`s pbhj, tm piby hf tk` Nulhi`` Oup.) Luch`t jà`bt`j Bi`x_khrmcy, j`sorhl`j bs b ghfh Gbrc _phtz,‗ hf b oihgbotho ibt`-rmufj gbtok‚whtk tk` whff`r l`hfe bssur`j ma b pibo` mf tk` Z`bg. Jìi _w``rhs bfj Bi`x ahfhsk`j bt ;-1, bfj sm piby`jmaa‚whtk Jìi whffhfe tk` Ahrst Bit`rfbt` pmshthmf. Zkms` hf tk` ahfbi 20 wkm, bimfe whtk Jìi

bfj Bi`x, jhjf‘t gbc` tk` Z`bg w`r`> Nmkf Zbff`khii, Nhg Ibzbrus, @rrmi \`s`c, Ei`ffOmwbf, Jhoc Ghi`s, J`fhs M‘Omffìi, Ihg Ghfe Okuh, bfj Nboc Kmwbrj.

Hf b Jò. 8, <440 `-gbhi tm g`, J`fhs M‘Omffìi (fmw spìihfe khsahrst fbg` J`ffhs) r`g`gl`rs khs v`ry sbthsayhfe whfs mv`r Lrbtkwbht`,\`s`c, bfj Zbff`khii, r`g`gl`rs, tmm, kmw wk`f k` wbs up mf \ml`rtskhs rboc`t lrmc` bfj, amr smg` r`bsmf fmt kbvhfe b r`pibo`g`ft k` kbj tm lmrrmw mf , bfj imst hf ?. Zk`f, mk, tk r` wbs khs gbtok whtk _w``rhs>J`fhs wbs i`bjhfe Jìi 28-21 hf tk` ?rj, lut, ’okmchfe‗ mf Jìi‘s s`rv`, k`

imst 0 strbhekt. J`fhs bism ròbiis ’gmst vhvhjiy‗ b piby`r‘s wha ’l`rbthfeg` amr l`bthfe Zbff`khii, suee`sthfe H skmuij kbv` tkrmwf ht.‗

Bfmtk`r lhe surprhs` wbs Zbff`khii‘s 1-; ròmrj‚bfj tkhs

j`spht` khs lr`bctkrmuek <;-<1 hf tk` ?rj

whf mv`r J-N. Gbyl` k` jhjf‘t wbft tmgbc` bfmtk`r P._. Z`bg= Nmkf wbs sbhj tm

kbv` l``f lmtk`r`j ly b ahfe`r lihst`r‚lut,g‘emj, ; imss`s! @fmuek tm gbc` khg quht,wbs ht= _mrt ma. K`‘j em up tm tk`

Pfhv`rshty ma Gbhf`, wk`r` amr 1 gmftks k`‘j btt`fj khs arh`fj L`rtNbomls‘ oibss`s bfj stujy bfj wrht` pbp`rs. Zk`f k`‘j gbc` up khsghfj tm omg` lboc tm tbli` t`ffhs bfj stbrt bar`sk. Nm` F`webrj`f

wmuij gbc` ht pmsshli` amr khg tm bebhf trbhf hf Ghbgh, bfj Gbrvbfj Obrmf Iàa wmuij hfvht` khg hftm tk`hr kmg` bfj ehv` khg gmrbi

suppmrt. _m w`‘ii s`` quht` b lht gmr` ma khg ibt`r. Fm suok skmoc`r hf tk` Umg`f‘s. Lmtk Bfeìhtb \msbi bfj

Tbtty Obsk ahfhsk`j whtk 24-2 ròmrjs (Bfeh` whtk b imss tm NujyLmok`fsch, bfj Tbtty whtk b imss tm Bfeh`). Nujy Lmok`fsch (;-?)

ahfhsk`j ?rj bat`r imshfe b 28-hf-tk`-?rj tmuekh` tm Tbtty. _hfo` lmtkMieb _mit`sz bfj _u` Khij`lrbfjt ahfhsk`j hf b 5-: th`, tk`y piby`jmaa amr tk` ahfbi spmt mf tk` Umg`f‘s Z`bg‚whtk _u` ups`tthfeMieb, -28, 2;, 21. Biho` Er``f (1-0) imst b omstiy 28 hf tk` ?rj gbtok

J`fhs M‘Omffìi ròbiis

tk` tmurfbg`ftTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf

_u` whii em tm _brbn`vm!Tkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



:::

tm Lbrlbrb Cbghfscy. Zkms` hf tk` ahfbi2< wkm, bimfe whtk Mieb, Biho`, bfjLbrlbrb, jhjf‘t gbc` tk` t`bg w`r`>Trhsohiib Tbrc`r, Jhbfb Gy`rs, Jmffb F`wìi, @ish` _phffhfe, bfj Tbt Ormwi`y.

Nmkf \`bj jhj tk` bpprmprhbt`Zkbfc Xmu‘s hf Zmphos ‚(Nbf.-A`l.,285?, <)‚tm ’Lml Cbghfscy, KbrryUbrj (Okhobem Zbli` Z`ffhs Oiul_òr`tbry), N.\. Kbrrhsmf amr tk`hr `xoìi`ft wmrc bt tk` j`sc‗3 tm ’\bipk_tbjìgbf, Zmg Go@vmy, SbfjW Ibszim

C`v`s‗ amr tk`hr ’thrì`ss ugphrhfe‗3 tmtk` Uk`ìhfe Khek _okmmi Nufhmr Fbvbi\.M.Z.O. obj`ts ’wkm gbff`j tk` Fhss`f somrhfe gbokhf`s tkbt prmvhj`j

spòtbtmrs whtk up-tm-jbt` somr`s mf`v`ry gbtok hf prmer`ss‗3 bfj tm Ubrr`f

Kbghitmf, Okbhr ma tk` Nbyo``s wkms`g`gl`rs ’jhstrhlut`j mv`r 24,444 aiy`rs bfj pmst`rs,‗ bfj kbj `xoìi`ft pulihohty hf tk` imobi pr`ss.‗ B skbg`, tkmuek, tkbt whtk bii tkhs àamrt ’tk` btt fjbfo` wbs jhsbppmhfthfe, fugl`rhfemfiy blmut 2044 mv`r tk` twm-jby ahfbis.‗ Kmw`v`r, ht wbs b pi`bsur` tm s`` bfj tbic whtk suoktbli` t`ffhs oì`lrhty er`bts bs Omi`gbf Oibrc,** _biiy Er``f Trmuty, Lhiiy Kmizrhokt`r, JbffyTòmrb, bfj Nhggy Limgg`r.

Bt tk` Jò. 2;, 285< @.O. G``thfe hf Gt. Trmspòt amiimwhfe tk` Zrymuts (P_ZZBQho`-Tr`shj`ft Gbi Bfj`rsmf r`pmrthfe hf ZZZ , Nbf.-A`l., 285?, 2:3 <;), ht wbs j`t`rghf`jtkbt ’Lml Cbghfscy, tk` piby`rs‘ okmho`, whii l` tk` Obptbhf ma tk` P._. Z`bg‗ tm tk` _brbn`vm

Umrij‘s. ’Lmfe Gm I`` whii l` tk` G`f‘s Ombok bfj Nboc Kmwbrj whii l` tk` Umg`f‘sOmbok.‗ Tr`shj`ft Lmeebf whii jm tk` omv`rbe` amr Zmphosbfj l` tk` P._. Jìèbt` tm tk` HZZA G``thfes. Ha aufjs

br` bvbhibli`, Jìi _w``rhs whii em bs Bfbiyst, GbiBfj`rsmf bs Tkmtmerbpk`r, Nmkf \`bj bs Gbfbe`r, bfjGmrt ^bcbrhf bs <fj Jìèbt`. Ma omurs` tk` P._. Z`bg,kmphfe tm piby sgbrt, whii immc sgbrt‚l` suppih`j whtk’pibyhfe mutahts bfj str``t oimtk`s.‗

Zk` Nbf.-A`l. Zmphos (?+) rbf twm mppmshfe pmhfts

ma vh`w rèbrjhfe tk` _ìòthmf G`tkmj us`j amr tk`s`Zrymuts> \uaamrj Kbrrhsmf tmmc tk` Omf pmshthmf3 Jhoc

Ghi`s, hf b r`luttbi, tk` Trm pmshthmf.\uaamrj sbys tkbt lòbus` mur omuftry hs sm vbst w`

obf‘t, whtkmut hfmrjhfbt` xp`fs`, kbv` b s`rh`s ma tmurfbg`fts lrhfehfe tk` tmp piby`rs tme`tk`r, tkmuek tkbt hs

o`rtbhfiy prà`rbli` tm kbvhfe mfiy tk` mf` w``c`fjtmurfbg`ft tkbt w` nust kbj. L`tt`r w` s`` ’wkm hsomfshst`ftiy strmfe tkrmuekmut tk` s`bsmf.‗ (Zkhs s`rh`s hj`bhsf‘t f`w. _t`v` Hsbbosmf, wk`f k` wbs _ìòthmf Omgghtt``

Kbii ma Abg` P._. Okbgphmfs

_biiy Er``f Trmuty bfj Lhii Kmizrhokt`rTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf

_t`v` HsbbosmfTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



::0

Okbhr, bjvmobt`j b prmer`sshmf ma Rubihayhfe tmurfbg`fts. Bs Zrymut-tbic omfthfu`s hf tk` gmftks, y`brs bk`bj, mtk`rs, tmm, whii kbv` tk`hr sby.)

Mf` mlnòthmf, skbr`j ly gbfy, tm tk` shfei` trhbi-ly-omglbtw``c`fj hs wkbt kbpp`fs ha hii làbiis mur stbr piby`r mr piby`rs bfjtk`y obf‘t omgp`t`. Bfmtk`r hs tkbt, _uppms` mur tmp piby`r nust kbs b

lbj w``c`fj= Ht omuij kbpp`f tm bfymf`. \uaamrj oht`s khs imfethgàbvmrht` piby`r, Jìi _w``rhs, bfj sbys bfy _ìòthmf Omgghtt`` surìywmuij kbv` phoc`j khg amr _brbn`vm lòbus` ’bfymf` wkm cfmws khsròmrj cfmws tkbt k` hs nust blmut Ssho> wkm, armg k`jehfe \uaamrj‘s pmhft ma vh`w hs l`tt`r=W mur l`st t`bg piby`r, mur l`st ahekt`r.‗Omfv`rsìy, k` sbys, `v`f b smg`wkbt w`bc bfymf` obf kbv` b emmj w``c`fj‚lutwmuij ymu wbft khg amr 22 jbys bt tk` Umrij‘s=

\uaamrj sbys tkbt ’Bfymf` mlnòthv` whii kbv` tm bjght tkbt w` kbv` ihtti` okbfo` ma hgprmvhfe mur wmrij rbfchfe ly gmr` tkbf b pmshthmf mr twm.‗ (\`biiy= Nujy Lmok`fsch wrht`stkbt sk` wbfts tm ’okbfe` b lht ma tk` jà`bthst btthtuj` ma tk` ibst wmrij‘s wk`r` `v`rylmjys``g`j tm tkhfc, ‛Uìi, wkbt tk` kìi, w`‘r` emhfe tm ims` bfywby.‘‗ _k` sbys, ’Ha w` wmrc

kbrj w` obf jm guok l`tt`r.‗) \uaamrj sbys, S’U`W omuij sìòt mur t`bg hf pbrt tm hgprmv`mur autur` okbfo`s ma ahfhskhfe hf tk` tmp t`f.‗ Zmp t`f! Hf kmw gbfy y`brs= Kmw= ’U` obf jm

tkhs ly sìòthfe tkms` piby`rs wkm, hf bjjhthmf tm l`hfe ma v`ry khek obihl`r, br` cfmwfstuj`fts, piby`rs wkm mls`rv`, wkm lrhfe kmg` wkbt tk`y kbv` mls`rv`j bfj wkm spr`bj tk`wmrj. _w``rhs bfj Kmwbrj br` twm `xbgpi`s ma suok piby`rs.‗

Uky, bscs, \uaamrj, br` w` hfv`sthfe P_ZZB gmf`y whtkmut e`tthfe b r`turf=Bppbr`ftiy P._. piby`rs bs piby`rs obf‘t ehv` us b r`turf, sm tm gbc` b prmaht, bs ht w`r`, wkmobf w` s`fj= Zk`r`‘s biwbys l``f b jhvhj` l`tw``f \uaamrj bfj tk` tmp piby`rs‚k`‘s usubiiy

fmt l``f sygpbtk`tho tm tk`hr omfo`rfs.Botubiiy, \uaamrj hs r`p`bthfe tk` blstrbot breug`fts w`‘v` s``f khg us` làmr`> k`

wbfts gbfbe`bli` ymutk wkm‘ii l` blsmrl`ft ha fmt emmj piby`rs. Zk`y‘r` mur autur`= Zk`y‘ii

omg` lboc bfj…ombok= K` wbfts j`jhobthmf‚lut kmw obf k` l` bssur`j bfymf` sìòt`jwhii l` omgghtt`j tm imfethg` pibyhfe mr ombokhfe= ’H‘j sthii ihc` us tm em lboc tm mur mijg`tkmj ma sìòthmf,‗ k` sbys. Bfj, ha sm, r`bj`rs ma pbst vmiug`s obf nuje` nust kmw mlnòthv`

\uaamrj bfj mtk`rs wmuij l`. _urìy \uaamrj khgsìa cfmws tkbt _ìòthmf ma tk` Z`bg hs btkhfe ma tk` pbst3 k` `fjs ly sbyhfe, wìi, kmw blmut b omgprmghs`‚i`t b _ìòthmfOmgghtt`` phoc b piby`r mr twm= \uaamrj‘s amous hs fmt mf Tibyhfe! Uhffhfe!‚ht‘s mfsmg`tkhfe lmmchsk, jry, bobj`gho, maahohbi, okbrbot`rhz`j ly limocs ma r`bsmf. Lut ha H obfomfthfu` whtk tk`s` vmiug`s, r`bj`rs whii s`` tkbt Tibyhfe! Uhffhfe! whii gmr` bfj gmr` sure`tk` limmj, l` bt tk` `ftkushbstho k`brt ma P._. mv`rs`bs piby.

Ghi`s, hf khs r`luttbi, lèhfs ly fmthfe tkbt wkbt \uaamrj s``gstm l` sbyhfe hs, ’E`` wkhz, amics, obf‘t ymu s`` ht‘s jbfe`rmus tm ehv`

up mur jhsor`thmfbry omftrmi mv`r tk` r`pr`s`ftbthv`s w` s`fjmv`rs`bs.‗

_hfo` tk` Umrij‘s hs bf 22-jby `v`ft, \uaamrj sbys, w`‘v` emt tm l` obràui tm s`fj piby`rs wkm obf em tk` jhstbfo`, wkm kbv` stbghfb.

’Ubtok mut, Luch`t,‗ sbys Jhoc, ’tk`r`‘s b ahfe`r pmhfthfe bt ymu.‗ Emtk` jhstbfo`= U`‘r` r`biiy tbichfe blmut 0 jbys, bfj tk` ahrst 0 jbys bttkbt, sbys Jhoc, fmt 22. U`‘r` tbichfe blmut _wbytkihfe Oup piby wk`fw`‘r` omgp`thfe whtk piby`rs w` kbv` b okbfo` ma l`bthfe. Uk`f ht

\uaamrj Kbrrhsmf

Jhoc Ghi`s



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omg`s thg` amr tk` ibst 1 jbys ma Hfjhvhjubi piby, sbj tm sby, w`‘r` fmt emffb l` brmufj v`ryimfe. Lut ha ymu wbft tm tbic stbghfb, omfshj`r tkbt bt tk` Zrymuts tkms` wkm gbj` tk` Z`bg piby`j 25-2; gbtok`s hf tkr`` jbys, abr gmr` tkbf tk`y‘ii piby bt Xuemsibvhb, bfj whtk gmr`t`fshmf, amr guok wbs rhjhfe amr tk`s` whff`rs mf `v`ry gbtok. _m tk` stbghfb breug`ft nustjm`sf‘t stbfj up.

Bs amr tk` ’Lbj Jby‗ breug`ft, omfshj`r tkbt tk` Zrymuts ’w`r` piby`j mv`r ? jbysbfj v`f tkms` wkm jhjf‘t gbc` tk` ahrst jby out piby`j 5 gbtok`s‚usubiiy fmuek, v`f mfb lbj jby, tm e`t bf boourbt` hfjhobthmf ma mf`‘s str`fetk rìbthv` tm tk` ahìj.‗ Jhoc aìt tkbt‚ whtk tk` pmsshli` xo`pthmf ma Lrbtkwbht`‚tk`r wbsf‘t bfymf` abhihfe tm survhv` tk` out wkmomuij kbv` gbj` tk` Z`bg.

\uaamrj bjghts tkbt ’w` Stk` _ìòthmf Omgghtt``W omuij f`v`r us` bfy amrguib amr butmgbtho sìòthmf. U` nust trh`j tm l` mlnòthv`. Zk`r` w`r` `xo`pthmfs….‗ H‘ii sby, sbys

Ghi`s. ’Gmst fmtbliy hf 2801 bfj 2808 wk`f H r`bok`j tk` qubrt`r‘s bfj s`gh‘s ma tk` wmrijshfei`s. Ubs H sìòt`j amr tk` t`bg= Fm.‗ Bfj kmw blmut Luch`t= Hf 2854, ’mf tk` lbshs ma khsròmrj,‗ L`rfh` wbs vmt`j ’Gmst Qbiubli` Tiby`r‗ bt tk` Z`bg Okbgphmfskhps, bfj hf 2852 k`r`bok`j tk` P._. Mp`f ahfbi bt Btibftb. U`r` tk`r` b _ìòthmf Omgghtt`` phochfe tk` Z`bg

tkhs y`br, wmuij tk`y ihcìy kbv` omfshj`r`j L`rfh` mr r`nòt`j khg, bs tk`y jhj y`brs bem, bs l`hfe ’tmm mij‗= Ht sthii tbc`s b kìi ma b emmj piby`r tm l`bt L`rfh`, sbys Jhoc, amr ’H `xpòt

tkbt L`rfh` pibys l`tt`r tkbf gmst ma us jm wk`f tk` okhps br` jmwf.‗’Bs abr bs \uaamrj‘s aurtk`r suee`sthmf tkbt w` s`fj suok piby`rs bs Jìi _w``rhs bfj

Nboc Kmwbrj tm tk` Umrij‘s bs chfj ma ‛piby`r-mls`rv`r-`vbfeìhsts‘‚H pbss mf tkbt mf`.‗H, kmw`v`r, jmf‘t pbss. H wbft tm sp`bc up amr mur l`st Nufhmr piby`rs bfj wky, ha

j`s`rvhfe, tk`y skmuij btt`fj b Umrij‘s sm tkbt tk`y bfj tk`hr pbr`fts obf e`t b r`turf mf tk`hr hfv`stg`ft. H wbft tm r`p`bt Jmf Euff‘s gbrvìmus r`piy tm Nboc Obrr wkm sbhj twm ma mur

Nufhmrs k`‘j spmc`f tm jhjf‘t s``g tm kbv` i`brf`j bfytkhfe armg tk` Umrij‘s. Jmf r`pih`j (bfj hfwmrjs tkbt sm r`smfbt`j whtk g` lòbus` tk`y ghrrmr`j gy mwf iha`-okbfehfe xp`rh`fo`s tkrmuektk` ‛54‘s‚bt Fbemyb, _brbn`vm, Obiouttb, Lhrghfekbg, Tymfeybfe‚bfj l`ymfj)>

’Zm jm sm Stm kbv` i`brf`jW r`quhr`s b jèr`` ma p`ro`pthmf bfj sìa-bfbiyshswkhok a`w nufhmrs mr bjuits bttbhf. Gbfy ma us w`r` stugp`j ly tk` pbr`ftbi qu`sthmf

ma ‛Ukbt jhj ymu i`brf hf sokmmi tmjby=‘ Lut w` jhj r`bihz` tkbt hf smg` wby tkbt jbykbj bjj`j smg`tkhfe tm mur ihv`s, jàhfbli` mr fmt.

Ukbt b piby`r i`brfs bt tk` Umrij‘s hs fmt smg`tkhfe tkbt obf l` ròht`j, ihc`stbthsthos3 ht hfvmiv`s a`ìhfes, bfj vbrhmus rbtk`r `smt`rho r`bothmfs tkbt jm fmt yhìj`bshiy tm bfbiyshs. Amr b piby`r wkm hs `gmthmfbiiy bs wìi bs pkyshobiiy hfvmiv`j hf tbli`t`ffhs, emhfe tm tk` Umrij‘s amr tk` ahrst thg` hs, mr skmuij l`, ihc` b ahrst rmgbfo`,

s``hfe ‛_pbo` Mjyss`y,‘ mr suaa`rhfe b rìhehmus r`vìbthmf. Hf mtk`r wmrjs, ht hs b psyokho xp`rh`fo` ly wkhok mf` hs gmv`j, okbfe`j, p`rkbps hfsphr`j. O`rtbhfiy, ht hs

bf xp`rh`fo` wkhok skmuij l` gmr`, fmt i`ss, bttbhfbli`.‗

Kbrrhsmf khgsìa, mls`ss`j whtk tk` HZZA wmrij, òkm`j tk`s` wmrjs wk`f k` tmijObrr ’tkbt ‛trbhfhfe‘ jm`sf‘t omfshst ma ‛bii jrhv`s bfj pusk-ups. @xpmsur` tm tk` UO SUmrij

OkbgphmfskhpsW htsìa hs b amrg ma trbhfhfe. Zk` btgmspk`r` hs hfj`sorhlbliy jhaa`r`ft armgbfytkhfe w` cfmw hf tkhs omuftry. Nboc, ymu skmuij em smg`thg`.‗

Jhoc jm`s omfo`j` tkbt \uaamrj kbs b pmhft wk`f mur l`st piby`r obf‘t piby hf tk`Zrymuts, bfj ht gby l` tkbt Jhoc wmuij l` whiihfe tm put suok b prmv`f piby`r mf tk` Z`bg



::5

butmgbthobiiy, tkmuek k` kbs r`s`rvbthmfs tkbt tkhs gmv` wmuij j`trbot armg tk` ’skmwlhziust`r‗ ma tk` `v`ft. Jhoc phocs up mf \uaamrj‘s omgg`ft tkbt b _ìòthmf Omgghtt`` wmuijsurìy kbv` phoc`j _w``rhs tm l` mf tk` Z`bg tm _brbn`vm. Lut tkmuek _w``rhs hs tm l`bjghr`j, r`spòt`j, kmw omg` k` wbsf‘t mf tk` Fbemyb t`bg mr mf tkhs _brbn`vm mf`= Umuijymu bsc Jhoc tm sulsthtut` khg hf fmw amr \ml`rts mr Luch`t= Mr bsc _``ghii`r mr Khij`lrbfjt

tm st`p bshj` amr smg`mf` whtk b ‘52-5< l`tt`r ròmrj=Bitkmuek Jhoc tkhfcs tk` ’lrbv` `xp`rhg`ft‗ ma tk` Zrymuts wmrc`j, k` jm`s s`` b prmli`g> ’w` kbv` tm gmjhay tk` pibf sm tkbt mfiy tkms` piby`rs sthii botubiiy hf omft`fthmf whii l` pibyhfe gbtok`s tkbt obf aaòt tk` fj r`suit. Fm mf` skmuij l` ehv`f tk` mppmrtufhty ma putthfe bfmtk`r piby`r mf tk` t`bg shgpiy lòbus` k` jòhj`s tm i`t up b ihtti` wk`f b imssjm`sf‘t g`bf bfytkhfe tm khg.‗

Nujy Lmok`fsch, wkmg H qumt`j blmv`, wrht`s tm

Zmphos (Nbf.-A`l., 285?, :), bpprmvhfe ma tk` Zrymuts. _k`sbys>

’…Ht hs b guok abhr`r syst`g ma okmmshfe b t`bg tkbf

làmr` wk r` tk` jòhshmfs w`r` gbj` ly b omgghtt ` sulnòt(bs bfy kugbf ermup hs) tm hefmrbfo` bfj pr`nujho`. B

omgghtt`` wmuij, ma omurs`, jm hts l`st lut ht omuijf‘t l`hfabiihli` hf hts cfmwi`je` ma tk` piby`rs‘ schiis. Zk`y wmuijbism kbv` b pròmfo`hv`j fmthmf ma wkbt typ` ma p`rsmf skmuij l` b r`pr`s`ftbthv` ma tk` P._. S\`bj`rs ma pr`vhmus vmiug`swhii ròbii Lhii Euff bfj Nboc Obrr, bfj, tm b i`ss`r `xt`ft,\uaamrj Kbrrhsmf bs hfaiu`fthbi Gmrbi Brlhtmrs.W Kbvhfe t`bg

trymuts hs bism jmhfe b abvmr amr tk` piby`r wkm jm`sf‘t gbc`tk` t`bg, amr tk`f k` hs bli` tm libg` mfiy khgsìa rbtk`r tkbf b omgghtt`` amr kbvhfe abhi`j.

Zk`r` s``gs tm kbv` l``f b okbfe` ma btthtuj` tkhs y`br tmwbrjs tk` t`bg. Zkhs

y`br w`‘r` emhfe hf styi`. Ht‘s b emmj shef.‗

Hfj``j ht hs…bfj armg tkhs H tbc` gy `ftkushbstho ou`. Hf Qmi. QHH, H‘ii r`turf tm phoc up

wk`r` H iàt maa3 H vbiu` tk` `briy 285? omfthfuhty. Lut amr fmw H obf‘t wbht, H gmv` tm oims`tkhs vmiug` whtk b a`rv`ft aihekt tm tk` _brbn`vm Umrij‘s, bfj hf tk` r`gbhfhfe amur okbpt`rsj`sorhl` amr ymu gy bahohmfbjm‘s rmgbfo` whtk tk` Okbgphmfskhps.

_@I@OZ@J FMZ@_.*Ci`hf, H eu`ss, hs emhfe tm tbc` b nml wk`r` k` obf ahfj ht. Lut ht gbc`s g` wmfj`r ha

Ghi`s wmuij tbohtiy ehv` khs hgprhgbtur tm suok spmrthfe emmjs stmoc. H mfo` k`brj bfj aìt tkìmv` k` kbj amr tk` _pmrt‚tk` Trhj`, tk` Jhefhty, tk` Oibss k` wbft`j amr ht bfj amr khgsìa.

Ht kbpp`f`j wk`f H w`ft whtk Jhoc hftm b lhe spmrthfe emmjs stmr` obii`j Tbrbemf hf F`w Xmrc Ohty wk`r` ymu bt i bst kbj b okbfo` ma e`tthfe b abhriy j o`ft sìòthmf ma tbli`t`ffhs rboc`ts.

Tbrbemf> tk` wmrj g`bfs…b tmuokstmf`…b gmjì ma xoìi`fo`…b p`raòtiy

spk`rhobi p`bri.@v`ftubiiy Jhoc emt brmufj tm bschfe blmut lbiis. Zk` sbi`sgbf w`ft mv`r, mp`f`j b

ibre` lmx l`khfj tk` omuft`r, tk`f b sgbii`r mf`. Lbiis= Ht wbs bigmst ihc`, ’Ukm‘j kbv`tk`g=‗ Ahfbiiy k` obg` lboc whtk mf` ma bf ufròmefhzbli` gbc`.

Nujy bpprmv`s>

okbfe` amr tk` l`tt`r



::;

Ukhok Jhoc, upmf t`sthfe, obigiy, jìhl`rbtìy pusk`j khs tkugl tkrmuek.’Ht‘s mlvhmusiy ufpibybli`,‗ k` sbhj hf b v`ry pi`bsbft vmho`.H wbs skmoc`j, tk` sbi`sgbf gmr` sm. ’K`y,‗ k` sbhj, ’H nust mp`f`j b ermss ma tkms`

lbiis. Xmu jhjf‘t kbv` tm jm tkbt.‗Bfj tk`f H r`bihz`j… Bk, lut k` jhj kbv` tm jm tkbt.

Ibt`r, H abfoy, hf tk` prhvboy ma Ghi`s‘s bpbrtg`ft, tkbt somwihfe, eibrhfe L``tkmv`f mfJhoc‘s gbftìphò`, j`ba tm wkbt mtk`rs ghekt tkhfc, biimw`j khgsìa b ihtti` sghi`‚amr, j``pjmwf, k` biwbys k`brj bfj cf`w tk` somr`.

**Omi`gbf (’Omc`y‗) Oibrc, Tbrc`r Lrmtk`rs‘28?< Bg`rhobf Thfe-Tmfe BssmohbthmfOkbgphmf, fmw 51, kbj omg` mv`r armg Uhig`tt` whtkkhs erbfjsmf tm wbtok tk` Zrymuts. H bsc`j khg blmut khs

fhocfbg`, ’Omc`y‗‚kmw‘j tkbt stbrt= K` omuijf‘t`xpibhf ht. _mg`lmjy sbhj k` us`j tm jrhfc omc`s bii tk`thg`‚lut omuij tkbt l` tru` ha k` khgsìa kbj amremtt`fkmw k` emt tk` fhocfbg`=

K` wbsf‘t w`brhfe b wkht` suht ihc` hf tkms` mijokbrhsgbtho pkmtmerbpks bfj k` ihgp`j b lht (hf 2850 k`‘j

sp`fj twm gmftks hf bf @vbfstmf kmsphtbi, wk`r` k`‘j kbv`khs iàt iè bgputbt`j bt tk` cf``). Lut k` tbic`j sm rbphjiybfj whtk suok ftkushbsg tkbt ht s``g`j v`f fmw k` omuij,ha obii`j upmf, ehv` bf xkhlhthmf tkbt wmuij hft`r`st us.

’Kìt`r _cìt`r‗‚tk` y`br wbs 28?2 bfj Omc`,mut ma tkbt Okhobem hft`r-arbt`rfhty oiul so`f`, wbs jmhfe

khs tbli` t`ffhs bot hf b F`w Xmrc Ohty kmtì. ’Omfrbj Fbeì sbw g` piby tm tk` 22 m‘oimoc bat`r-tk`bt`r ormwj bt tk` Erbfj Lbiirmmg ma tk` Ubijmra Bstmrhb bfj wbft`j g` tm omg` tm Kmiiywmmj,‗ sbhj Omc`. ’Bfj shfo` gy `briy hfv`stg`ft

lushf`ss w`ft tm pmt, H tmmc tk` trhp w`st. Uky fmt= Uhtk GEG gmf`y wbs fm ihght. H jhjsmg` T`t` _ghtk skmrts‚bfj, hf bii, gust kbv` skmt mv`r :4,444 a``t ma ahig. Amr ?4 y`brstk`y skmw`j ht.‗

Brmufj 28?0, Omc`y wbs lboc hf Okhobem amr tk` Okrhstgbs vbobthmf. B euy obg` uptm khg bfj sbhj, ’Obf ymu mp`f bt tk` _k`rgbf=‗ Bfj sm tkbt Okrhstgbs `v` Omi`gbf wbswmrchfe tk` Omiiè` Hff, tk` wìi cfmwf Immp fhekt oiul bt tk` _k`rgbf Kmtì. ’H jhj b skmt ly skmt omgg`ftbry, okbii`fe`j tkms` bt rhfeshj`, ebv` mut ihtti` butmerbpk`j lbiis….‗

Lut bat`r b wkhi`, skmw lushf`ss, vbuj`vhii`, tmm, lèbf tm em tm pmt. Bfj mf` jby,jurhfe b rmuthf`, Omc`y aìi hf tk` mrok`strb pht bfj kurt khgsìa….

Ghi`s sujj`fiy obg` mftm tk` so`f`, er``t`j Omi`gbf. Zk`y rìhv`j smg` mij thg`s,tbic`j ma tk` iè`fjbry K`rwbij Ibwr`fo` Oiul hf F`w Xmrc, bfj ma tmurfbg`fts tk`r`.

Omc`y amfjiy ghghoc`j smg` ma Ghi`s‘s f`rvmus kbfj-mf-tk`-tbli` gbff`rhsgs. ’Jhoc,‗ sbhjOmc`, ’ymu prmlbliy jmf‘t r`g`gl`r, lut H l`bt ymu mfo`‚Tbeihbrm wbs tk` ugphr`.‗ Jhoc omuijf‘t ròbii tk` skbr`j gmg`ft‚r`g`gl`r`j ly tk` mf`3 amremtt`f ly tk` mtk`r.

Bfmtk`r oì`lrhty, 0-thg` P._ Mp`f Okbgphmf _biiy Er``f Trmuty, sghihfe, lrhsciy

obg` ly. _uok `f`rey tk`s` behfe Okbgphmfs kbj.’Xmu sthii w`br tkbt lhe kbt=‗ Omc`y, erhffhfe, bsc`j k`r._k` stmpp`j, obg` mv`r, bfj put b kbfj mf khs skmuij`r. ’Mk, Omc`y,‗ sk` sbhj. ’H

jmf‘t kbv` tkbt lhe kbt bfygmr`.‗

Kbii ma Abg`r Omi`gbf Oibrc> 28?<

Tbrc`r Lrmtk`rs‘ Bg`rhobf Thfe-Tmfe

Bssmohbthmf OkbgphmfTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



::8

Okbpt`r Zkhrty-Amur

285?> _brbn`vm, Xuemsibvhb Umrij

Okbgphmfskhps>

Hftrmjuothmf.

Mv`r tk` r`jrmmas ma tk` _brbn`vmkhiishj` tk` obfji` pmw`r rms` whtk tk`simw hft`fshty ma jbrcf`ss. Ghjji`-be`j

lmys, ufcfmwf bfjufcfmwhfe hf tk` jyhfetwhihekt, wbtok`j armg l`ymfj tk` rufwby

a`fo` bs mur NBZ aihektarmg L`merbj jrmpp`j jmwf bfj tbxh`j hf.

Mutshj` mr hfshj`, tk`r` wbs, smg`wk`r`, bjhstbft `xoht`g`ft hf tk` P._. Z`bg‘s brrhvbi.

Bat`r bii, w` w`r` lrhfehfe tm tk`s`?<fj Umrij Okbgphmfskhps tk` sòmfj ibre`st maahohbi pbrty ma bfy ma tk` 24?-g`gl`r fbthmfsma tk` HZZA, sm mur _bturjby omghfe omuij kbrjiy em uffmtho`j. Bfj, sur` `fmuek, `v`f làmr` w` w`r` g`t ly tk` sgbii omrps ma Xuemsibv stuj`fts tk` Mrebfhzhfe Omgghtt` kbj

s`ft tm er``t us (’Ukm hs tk` i`bj`r ma ymur jìèbthmf, pi`bs`=‗), bfj ufj`r tk`hr euhjbfoàbvmr us (tkmuek nust tkhs mfo`) whtk tk` prmtmomi ma b aibskhfe pmiho`-obr `somrt, H wbs bwbr`ma twm liboc-suht`j Okhf`s` wkm wbic`j lrhsciy ly bfj jhsbpp`br`j armg vh`w.

Ahat``f ghfut`s ibt`r, tk` gmg`ft w` `ft`r`j tk` Kmtì Z`rg` (rhg`s whtk ’A`br g`,‗jm`s ht=), b ibre` omfthfe`ft ma piby`rs bfj maahohbis armg tk` T`mpi`‘s \`puliho obg` amrwbrjtm wìomg` us‚smg` omghfe zhe-zbe-ihc` jmwf tk` rbgp tm tk` imlly, mtk`rs `g`rehfe mut

ma tk` ì`vbtmr kurrh`jiy luttmfhfe tk`hr (fmt Gbm, sbhj mf` Okhf`s`, lut _ufXbt-s`f) nboc`ts.Zk`r` wbs sky (wbs sk`=), phe-tbhi`j Ok`fe Kubh-yhfe (wkm, twm y`brs bem bt Fbemyb,

kbj ups`t tk` ‛18 Nbpbf`s` Umrij Okbgphmf Zmskhcm Cmwbjb), bfj tk` biwbys hft`fs` ?-thgÙmrij ruff`r-up Ih Au-nhfe, bfj khs t`bggbt` Ihbfe Cm-ihbfe, bfj tk` s`fshthv`, hftìiòtubiImu Zbp‘`fe (fmt Gr. Imu, Gr. ’Im‗). Mtk`r abgmus piby`rs tmm w`r` tk`r`‚Okbfe _khk-ihf,tk` ’gbeho okmpp`r,‗ bfj khs pbrtf`r Ok`fe Ghf-okhk, wkm tkhs y`br, lòbus` ma tk` amro`j

r`thr`g`ft ma Umg`f‘s _hfei`s bfj Jmuli`s Okbgphmf Ihf Kuh-okhfe (sk` kbs b ihv`r hfaòthmf…obfo`r=), wmuij l` jà`fjhfe mfiy tk` Ghx`j. _``hfe tk` abghihbr abo`s, ihc` tkms`

ma p`mpi` bfywk`r` w` cf`w sm ihtti` blmut, smg` ma us ròbii`j bf òkm ma kmg`, ma tkÒkhf`s` Z`bg‘s vhsht tm tk` P._. ibst y`br. _m, mf mur ahrst fhekt hf tkhs strbfe`, _ibvhojbrcf`ss, w` w`r` jhspms`j tm ber`` tkbt, y`s, tmfhekt, ’Arh`fjskhp ahrst, Omgp`ththmf sòmfj.‗

Bitkmuek tk` quh`t, smg` tkmuekt hsmibt`j Z`rg`, hf tk` sulurlbf, suipkurmus spb ma

Hihjzb, wbs b <4-ghfut` rhj` armg tk` jmwftmwf kusti` ma _brbn`vm, gmst ma us w`r` v`ry pi`bs`j, v`ry prmuj, tm l` stbyhfe k`r whtk tk` abvmr`j Okhf`s , _w`jhsk, bfj Xuemsibvt`bgs. U` lèbf tm a`ì tkbt tk`r` wbs smg`tkhfe w` kbj hf tk` tbli` t`ffhs wmrij, bs y`tufjhsomv`r`j, tkbt omuij gbc` us b Ahrst Jhvhshmf sup`r-pmw`r.

Armg tk` _br`n`vm Umrij‘s Luii`thf #<



:04

U`r` w` fmt l`hfe ròmefhz`j, bt i`bst amr tk` gmg`ft, ly tk` bii-hgpmrtbft Okhf`s`=Lut p`rkbps tk`y wìomg`j `v`rymf` ihc` tkhs= Mr nust mij arh`fjs= Lut tk`f, mv`r tk` ibst twmy`brs, wkbt whtk tk`hr sìòt, T`chfe-lbs`j Hft`rfbthmfbi Gbtok`s bfj tk`hr emmjwhii t`bgsemhfe bii mv`r tk` eiml`, tk`y kbj gbj` b imt ma mij arh`fjs.

H‘j k`brj ht sbhj tkbt tk` Okhf`s` r`biiy jhjf‘t fmtho` ymu, jhjf‘t r`biiy obr` blmut ymu.

_mg` hf b ermup wmuij immc bt ymu amr b pmiht` gmg`ft mr sm, bfj smg` ma tk`s` wmuij fmjbfj r`gbrc, ’Mk, Gr. Lmeebf. X`s, H r`g`gl`r, ymu w`r` hf T`chfe.‗ Lut, bs tk`y obg` bfjw`ft, wkbt wmuij ymu kbv` tk`g jm= _mohbihz`= Bs amr tk` Bg`rhobfs wkm sghi`j, wkbt ma tk`hr smohbi erbo`s= Jhjf‘t w`, tmm, hf skbchfe kbfjs, kmij abst tm mur prhvboh`s= _m, twm w``cshf tkhs Erbfj Kmtì bshj`, p`mpi` lèbf ly c``phfe tk`hr jhstbfo`. (Zkmuek mur Bfeìhtb \msbi,mf emhfe up tm k`r rmmg, jhj r`gbrc, ’Umw! Zk`r` br` blmut 24-20 g`f k`r` amr `v`rywmgbf.‗)

Zk` f`xt jby, _ufjby, wkhi` w` nust smrt ma tbchfe ht bii hf‚ihc` tk` sk``p bfj juocsw` sbw erbzhfe mf tk` f`brly pbp`r-ihtt`r j rhv`rlbfc‚H amufj ht v`ry `bsy tm tbic tm bfmtk`r gbf hf liboc, mur gbhtr` j‘, Hlrm (@``-lrm) Jzbglèmvhok.

Zk` Okhf`s`, k` tìis g`, kbv` bir`bjy l``f k`r` amr quht` b wkhi`, trbhfhfe whtk tk`

Xuemsibvs. ’Zk` Okhf`s` br` v`ry fho`,‗ sbys Hlrm hf khs l`st `brtky-omfthf`ftbi gbff`r. Khs@feihsk, wkhok k` tbc`s prhj` hf, k` lèbf tm i`brf tkrmuek khs nml bt tk` kmtì bfj kbs shfo` ruf-khs-

kbfj-tkrmuek-khs-jbrc-kbhr stujh`j ht‚ihc` bf botmr wkm‘s b fbturbi amr tk` pbrt stujh`s khs ihf`s.Zk` Okhf`s`, k` sbys, kbv` lrmuekt tk`hr mwf ommc. ’Zk`y jmf‘t wbst` bfytkhfe. Bitkmuek tk`y obfkbv` bfytkhfe tk`y wbft, tk`y ufj`rstbfj, ‛Uky kbv` twm l``rs wk`f mf` hs fmuek=‘‗

Zk` Xuemsibvs, Hlrm omfahj`s, mrj`r nust mf` jhsk amr `v`rylmjy3 tk` Okhf`s` tkr``. U` lmtk cfmw wkbt tk` :4 mr sm Bg`rhobfs whii jm. J-N I`` whii ahfj b stmf` fmt hf khs ar`fokarh`s lut hf khs rho` bfj whii omgpibhf. Aubrfbjm \ml`rts, wkm‘s p`raòtiy whiihfe tm `bt ar`fok

arh`s, whii e`t psyokhobiiy shoc bt tk` shekt ma èes mf khs l`àst`bc, bfj whii bsc tkbt ht bii l`tbc`f bwby. Jbffy _``ghii`r bfj `v`rymf` ìs` whii hfshst mf (ht‘s fmt tk` oustmg tm kbv` htk`r`) b eibssaui ma ho` amr tk`hr omob-omibs. Bf bsc`j-amr smat-lmhi`j èe whii turf mut tm l` tmm

@bst`r-èe kbrj3 tk` lr`bcabst sbusbe` whii l` str`tok`j mut ma bii g`bfhfe bfj prmpmrthmf hftmb kmt jme3 wk`f tk` lbomf hs s`rv`j omij, smg`mf` whii ihekt b gbtok ufj`r ht sm mur ymufe, libfc-immchfe wbht`r whii wbrg tm tk` pmhft.

Hf b a`w jbys, wk`f tk` tmurfbg`ft hs blmut tm lèhf,w` whii bii l` ehv`f b lmmci`t ma ammj bfj jrhfc omupmfs‚emmjmfiy hf tk` Kmtì Z`rg`, ma omurs`, bs pbrt ma tk` $25.04-b-jby pbocbe` tkbt eubrbft``s tm gbc` ht bii v`ry `bsy amr v`rylmjyhf mur pbrty tm l` th`j up thekt tme`tk`r. Zk`s` omupmfs, H a`ì htmfiy abhr tm bjj, w`r` e`f`rbiiy `fmuek amr tk` gmst wbftmf ma

`xo`ss`s (b tkhoc Zurchsk j`ghtbss`, b skmt ma somtok mr piug lrbfjy mr lmtk) bt `v`ry erbjubiiy abjhfe tmgmrrmw‘s

hfor`bshfeiy ghsfbg`j ’Omaa`` Lbr.‗Zk` Bg`rhobfs maahohbiiy jrbfc. Ht s``g`j, hf abot, gy

Tr`shj`fthbi juty tm amiimw tk` `xbgpi` ma gy p``rs‚tm gbc`gysìa s``f tk`r` bt tk` Imlly Lbr. Gr. \bfeb \bgbfunbf ma

Hfjhb, amr <: y`brs b Omufohi g`gl`r, wbs immchfe amr vmt`s hfkhs lhj amr J`puty Tr`shj`ft ma tk` HZZA. \bgbfunbf hs bt``tmtbi`r. Bfj wk`f tk` oups w`r` tmtbi`j, p`mpi` p`rkbpsw`r` susphohmus ma khg bfj k` jhj fmt whf.

\bfeb \bgbfunbf,

Tr`shj`ft, ZZA ma HfjhbArmg 2852 Omggmfw`bitk

Okbgphmfskhps Trmerbg



:02

Bitkmuek tk` Bg`rhobfs ibst`j tm tk` ibt` rmufjshf tkhs jrhfc-tm-ymur-k`bitk omgp`ththmf, tk` okbgphmf ma khs bfj p`rkbps `v`rymf`‘s jìèbthmf wbs bL`regbf`squ` _w`j`. Bgbzhfeiy, tk` gmr` pbus`s k`kbj whtk tk` @feihsk ibfeube`, tk` gmr` pròhs` k`

lòbg` hf r`g`gl`rhfe bfj hft`rpr`thfe tk` HZZA rui`sk` bfj tkms` k` prà`rr`j bssmohbthfe whtk ihv`j ly.Bfmtk`r omft`fj`r ymu‘j kbv` tm ehv` b kbfj tm hf

bfy tmbst tm ymu bfj ymurs wbs tk` kàty, nmwiy E`rgbf,@urmp`bf ZZB Tr`shj`ft Nupp _okfbpps, mr wkbt`v`r gywha` _biiy bfj H emt tm pi`bsbftiy obiihfe khg tkbt briygmrfhfe up hf khs rmmg wk`f (’Hz fmt zuk thg`. Fmt y`t zuk

thg` amr prhz` gmf`y‗) k` lèbf puiihfe mut ma khs vbihs` bfjgbfhbobiiy skmvhfe hftm gy ok`st oihpphfe bat`r oihpphfe, pkmtm bat r pkmtm, hf bf aamrt tm omfvhfo` g`‚ma wkbt=‚ tkbt k` kbj g` thsokt`ffhs-lmtti`j-up bebhfst b wbii=

Bfj, gy emj, tk`r` wbs Lbskhr, bfj Aby`z wkms`rhokiy ferbv`j obiihfe obrj wbs ma suok b spòhbi,

vbiubli` pbp`r (H wbft`j tm sby pbpyrus) tkbt ht prbothobiiy orhfci`j bfj w`ft tm phò`s bt tk`tmuok. ’LB_KH\!‗ H emt tm sor`bghfe hf whij emmj aìimwskhp `v`ry `v`fhfe H s`t ammt hf tk`kmtì. K` wmuij biwbys l` tk`r` tm bfsw`r ’ZHG!‗ Bfj ihc` b whry ihtti` wr`sti`r k` wmuijomg` bfj erbl g`‚khs ’emmj lrmtk`r‗‚hf b vhs` ma P._.-Nmrjbfhbf arh`fjskhp. Zk`f w`wmuij kbv` b jrhfc bfj tk`f bfmtk`r bfj bfmtk`r, amr wbft ma smg`tkhfe l`tt`r tm jm, bfj bat`r b thg` k` mr Aby`z wmuij em upstbhrs tm tk`hr trufc amr 2442 fhekts bfj lrhfe lboc so`ft`j

kbfjc`rokhàs auii ma jìhohmus ghx`j futs, bfj, mf moobshmf, ihtti` ehats amr tk` ibjh`s‚rhfes, htghekt l`, amr tk`hr ahfe`rs. L`f`btk tk`hr gustbokhm`j (Obfjy hs jbfjy, lut ihqumr hs quhoc`r) pibyauif`ss wbs tk` vmho` ma xp`rh`fo`. Zk`hr obpbohty amr khek s`rhmusf`ss (Lbskhr wbs

rugmr`j tm l` hf tk` Nmrjbfhbf Tbrihbg`ft) ghekt kbv` l``f tkmuekt sobfjbimusiy ibochfe lytkms` fmt hf trbhfhfe tm jm bfytkhfe mtk`r tkbf imufe` hf tk` k`bvy-ouskhmf`j okbhrs wkhi`, fmtkhfemf tmfhekt, wbhthfe amr smg`tkhfe tm kbpp`f mf tk` gmrrmw‚b g``thfe mr b prbotho` gbtok.

Bfj sp`bchfe ma imufehfe blmut, tkhs s``gs bs emmj b thg` bs bfy tm hftrmjuo` bstuj`ft euhj` mr twm. @v`ry t`bg kbj mf`. Zkmuek sk` wbsf‘t murs, H wbs quht` struoc ly tkhstbii, gmjì-tkhf, ghorm-ghfh-schrt`j ehri wkm hf gy hgbehfbthmf ghekt kbv` l``f b pbrt ma BfjyUbrkmi‘s s`t. _k` wbs fbg`j, jò`pthvìy, Fbjb, wkhok hf Xuemsibv g`bft Kmp`. _k` lòbg`tk` boomgpbfyhfe gus` ma tk` Okhf`s`.

Mur mwf ’euhj`‗‚ha ymu omuij `v`r ahfj khg‚wbs b gustbokhm`j `x-`xokbfe`

stuj`ft wkm‘j sp`ft b y`br sghihf‘ bfj ibzyhf‘ blmut whtk tk` ehris smg`wk`r` hf Obihamrfhb,bfj wkm bppbr`ftiy wbs tk`ràmr` qubihah`j tm kìp us ahfj mur wby blmut _brbn`vm mr bt i`bst

tm bfj armg tk` pibyhfe kbii.Zmfy, tkbt wbs khs fbg`, tkmuekt ht wmuij l` pi`bsbft tkhs _ufjby bat`rfmmf tm tbc`

mur ehris‚Bfeìhtb, Tbtty Gbrthf`z, Nujy Lmok`fsch, bfj _u` Khij`lrbfjt‚bfj gbyl` smg`mtk`rs, Jbffy, tmm, ha k` r`biiy wbft`j tm omg` bimfe, tm b smoo`r ebg`. _m, wky fmt= Ukbt

ìs` kbj tk`y tm jm= Nujy‘s btt`gpts tm omftbot tkbt bgbtùr rbjhm mp`rbtmr sk` wbs kmphfe tmahfj hf _brbn`vm f`v`r w`r` suoo`ssaui‚wkhok wbs b lht jhsbppmhfthfe lòbus` sk` bfj b’kbg‗ arh`fj wbhthfe kmpàuiiy hf tk` w`` kmurs ma tk` gmrfhfe lboc kmg` kbj kmp`j tmsommp tk` imobi @ue`f`, M\ \èhst`r-Eubrj .

@urmp`bf ZZB Tr`shj`ft Nupp _okiba

Armg Jùtsok`r Zhsokt`ffhs _pmrt Obi`fjbr



:0<

Zk` ahrst nmc` wk`f tk`y w`ft maa tkhs Bprhi Ammis‘ Jby bat`rfmmf wbs mf Jbffy. ’Kmwyuk jmhf‘, L`fetssmf=‗ Zkbt‘s wkm smg` ma tk` pbss`rsly tkmuekt _``ghii`r wbs. Ht gust kbv` l``f tk` shz`, tk` kbhr-styi`‚bfj tk` bls`fo ma omurs` ma bfy omurt, tbli`, mppmf`ft, bfjJbffy‘s amr`kbfj-shj`-ma-tk`-rboc`t-turf`j-lbockbfj hf b pusk r`turf ma s`rv`.

Bt tk` smoo`r

stbfjs, tk` sòmfj nmc`wbs mf mur ehris,`spòhbiiy sbfjbi-tkmfe`j-up-tk`-obia,skmrt-schrt`j Tbtty. Bstk` ehris oihgl`j tmtk`hr s`bts, tk`y w`r`

tm b gbf ehv`f gmr`tkbf mf` arh`fjiy lmmst. Uby up tk`yw`ft‚bfj sm tmm jhj

tk` kìphfe kbfjs. Bsamr tk` lbtkrmmg bt tkhs i`t‘s-e`t-tme`tk`r-mut-hf-puliho spmrthfe `v`ft, Tbtty sbhj, ’H‘v` f`v`r

sgìi`j bfytkhfe sm amui‚H bigmst kbj tm tkrmw up.‗Bfmtk`r ma mur ehris, mf e`tthfe s`tti`j, sbw tk` euy shtthfe hf armft ma k`r kufok`j up,

khs brg tkrmwf brmufj tk` aìimw hf armft ma khg‚wkhok aìib hf turf wbs chsshfe tk` ahfe`rs ma tk` mtk`r euy‘s kbfj. Khnhfcs= ’U`‘r` hf b Omggufhst omuftry,‗ fmt`j mur mls`rv`r. ’Zkhs hstk`hr wby ma lhrtk omftrmi.‗

G`bfwkhi`, lboc bt tk` Z`rg` (bt i`bst, bs mf` piby`r put ht, ’ht‘s bwby armg bii tk`

butmerbpk kmufjs‗) Ghss Thfe Fùl`re`r kbj omg` abo` tm abo` whtk Tbvì \mtch`whoz, tk`Tysokmimehst ma tk` Xuemsibv Z`bg.

’Jm tk`y r`biiy f``j ymu=‗ sk` bsc`j, tkmuek fmt sm liuftiy.

’Ma omurs` tk`y f``j b psyokmimehst,‗ k` sbhj bfj lihfc`j gbjiy bwby l`khfj khsspòtboi`s‚bs ha tm sby, ’Jm`sf‘t `v`rymf`=‗

Ukhok hs p`rkbps wkbt mur ulhquhtmus Z`bg Obptbhf Lml Cbghfscy ghekt kbv`

tkmuekt. (_`` khs imfe ’Obptbhf‘s \`pmrt‗‚Tbrt H bfj Tbrt HH hf ZZZ , Gby-Nuf` bfj _`pt.-Mot., 285?, 2+.) K`‘j l``f lushiy wbichfe rmufj, r`ghfjhfe v`rymf` wkm wbs ihst`fhfe tkbt’Zk` piby`rs skmuij l` bs ufht`j bs pmsshli`. _kmuij l` sulnòt`j tm bs ihtti` arhothmf bs pmsshli`. _kmuij fmt l` put hftm tk` wrmfe psyokmimehobi gmmj.‗ Ma omurs` bs tk` Obptbhfwkm ghekt kbv` tm gbc` smg` kbrj okmho`s làmr` tkhs tmurfbg`ft wbs mv`r, k` ghekt fmt,j`spht` khs v`ry omfsoh`fthmus àamrts, `fj`br khgsìa tm `v`rymf`.

Mtk`r Bg`rhobfs kbj lmuekt Xuemsibv-@feihsk pkrbs` lmmcs bfj jhothmfbrh`s‚bfjkbj emf` mut ma tk` kmtì whtk omfahj`fo` tm ghx bgmfe tk` omggmf p`mpi`. B trmii`y rhj`,

smg` tkmuekt, ghekt l` b fmvìty. Hf mf` pboc`j obr, Eus bfj N`bf C`ff`jy‘s ihtti` ehri,Guaahf, boohj`ftbiiy pusk`j tk` smi` ma k`r justy skm` bebhfst bf mij ibjy‘s liboc schrt. ’H‘gsmrry,‗ N`bf sbhj. ’H‘g smrry‗‚bfj kurrh`j tm ahfj tk` ufprmfmufo`bli` pkrbs` hf k`r lmmc.’_``,‗ sk` sbhj, bfj skmv`j ht mv`r tm tk` mij ibjy. Lut ht jhjf‘t jm bfy emmj‚tk` mij ibjy

omuijf‘t r`bj.Bat`r b wkhi`, H, tmm, w`ft mut amr b ihtti` wbic. Bt tk` Chfm Hegbf, tk` sulurlbf

tk`bt`r f`xt jmmr, ’Cug‗ wbs pibyhfe‚‗Zk` Emjabtk`r.‗ Zm k`br smg` Bg`rhobfs tbic, tk`yibt`r w`ft tm tkhs gmvh` nust tm r`bj tk` vhmi`ft Xuemsibv sul-thti`s. Hf armft ma tkhs tk`bt`r sbt

Mur ehris - I-\> Nujy, Tbtty, _u` bfj Bfeh` -

immc ihc` tk`y‘r` hf tk` gmmj amr smg` auf.Tkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



:0?

b gbf whtk b v`ry mij sobi`, wbhthfe. Ubhthfe sm kmpì`ssiy, ht s``g`j, amr smg` chfj ma nustho`tm lbibfo` hf khs abvmr‚bs ha, w`r` k` tm wbht tk`r` imfe `fmuek, ymu wmuij pby, bs hf bf be`-mij abhry tbi`, tm e`t khg w`hek`j bfj sm lr`bc tk` bwaui spìi.

Zk`r` w`r` quht` b a`w p`mpi` strmiihfe bimfe tkhs _ufjby, maa-armg-wmrc bat`rfmmf.Omupi`s, H fmtho`j gmstiy‚tk` ehris e`f`rbiiy ufbttrbothv`, smg`thg`s w`brhfe v`ry skmrt

schrts bfj v`ry r`j ihpsthoc, bfj tk` euys amfj ma sphtthfe.’Xmu Xuemsibvs jm b imt ma wbichfe,‗ H sbhj tm ^mrbf, b s`rhmus-immchfe ymufeTkhimsmpky gbnmr, mf` ma tk` s`v`rbi obr-r`ftbi p`mpi` wkm, bs ha tm st``r lushf`ss tk`hr wby,s``g`j tm sp`fj gmst ma tk`hr thg` nust shtthfe brmufj tk` kmtì.

’Jm tk`s` wbic`rs em bfywk`r`, jm bfytkhfe=‗ H bsc`j. ’Mr jm tk`y nust wbic=‗’Zk`y nust wbic,‗ sbhj ^mrbf. ’Zk`y jm fmtkhfe. Zk`r`‘s fmtkhfe amr tk`g tm jm.‗H wbft`j tm cfmw ha smg` ma tk`g wmuij l` omghfe tm tk` tbli` t`ffhs gbtok`s.

’Fm,‗ k` sbhj.’Uhii ymu omg`=‗ H bsc`j.’Fm,‗ k` sbhj.H‘j k`brj tkbt tk` tmurfbg`ft wbs l`hfe kìj hf _brbn`vm (bfj kbj l``f turf`j mv`r tm

tk` imobi Bssmohbthmf, wkhok, tkmuek erbfthfe tk`hr emmjwhii, kbj tm tbc` r`spmfshlhihty amr smg` ma tk` jhsmrebfhzbthmf w` w`r` emhfe tm s``). Uky _brbn`vm= Lòbus` ht kbj tk` i`bst

e`f`rbi hft`r`st hf tbli` t`ffhs ma bfy omgpbrbli` ohty hf Xuemsibvhb. H‘j bism k`brj tkbt bat`r _url`c bfj _thpbfoho kbj jmf` tk`hr tkhfe k`r` ht wmuij kbv` tk` gmst hft`r`st. Zm k`br suok p`mpi` tbic, ht wbs ufj`rstmmj tkbt `v`f ^mrbf, tk` pkhimsmpk`r, ghekt kbv` b okbfe` ma k`brt.

Zkbt v`fhfe tk` Bg`rhobfs bii obg` tme`tk`r mv`r Okhoc`fCh`v mr Z`fj`rimhf \msshfh mr Zmm-Abr-Hfibfj Zrmut, tk`f g`t tm e`ttk`hr nugp suhts bfj pibyhfe mutahts bfj Mp`fhfe Jby Tbrbj` jr`ss.

Uk`f tk` wìi-cfmwf Lbrfb mutahtt`r hf tk` _tbt`s kbj sm ihtti` stmoc hf kbfj, mur Z`bg Gbfbe`r, Nmkf \`bj, kbj l``f amro`j tm tbc` bibst-ghfut` j`tmur tm Imfjmf tm e`t `v`rylmjy‘s skmrts bfj schrts.

Mur ehris jhjf‘t wbft tm piby hf schrts tm lèhf whtk, lut wk`f htturf`j mut tkbt tkms` hfvmiv`j‚tk`y w`r` g`f, ma omurs`‚kbjamremtt f tk` ufj`r w`br tm em whtk tk` schrts, wìi....Lut Ombok Nboc

Kmwbrj whtk khs ehriarh`fj Lmffh` bs tk` Umg`f‘s \`p prmghs`j tme`t ht bii smiv`j. _urìy tk`r` wbs smg`lmjy hf _brbn`vm wkm smijtbli` t`ffhs skmrts.

_hfo` tk` Z`bg kbj `stblihsk`j bf 22 m‘oimoc oura`w twmw``cs làmr` bt Omimfh` Khiis mf Imfe Hsibfj bfj tk`f Gt. BhryImje` hf tk` Tmomfms, tk` Zrbhfhfe Obgps brrbfe`j amr tk`g ly

Z`bg aufj-rbhs`r Gmrt ^bcbrhf, ht wbs `bsy tm e`t `v`rymf`‘somfthfu`j ommp`rbthmf fmw. B l``r‚mr gbyl` twm‚wbs `fmuek

hgp`tus amr smg` tm r`ghfhso`. Mur T`t`r Trbjht sbhj k` wbs mfo` susp`fj`j armg tk` ZkbhZ`bg amr twm y`brs amr kbvhfe bf ufbutkmrhz`j l``r...wk`r`bs bfmtk`r thg` khs ombok ebv`khg‚wbs ht hf tk` Bshbf Ebg`s=‚$<,444 amr whffhfe twm lhe gbtok`s. ’@v`ry emmj piby`r wkm omg`s mv`r tm tk` P._. e`ts wmrs`,‗ k` wbs sbyhfe. ’Zk`r` hs fm wby tm piby wìi ufi`ss

ymu prbotho` bebhfst tk` l`st.‗Zk`r` kbj l``f b amur-kmur, smui-lbrhfe ermup tk`rbpy s`sshmf lboc bt Gt. Bhry, hf

wkhok‚‗Nboc‘s emt tk` rhekt hj`b blmut trbhfhfe,‗ sbhj mf` ma mur ehris, ’H nust jmf‘t tkhfc k`‘semt tk` rhekt p`mpi`‗‚`v`ry tkmrfy tmpho kbj l``f lrmuekt mut armg ufj`r tk` i`ba ma

Lmffh` Nmkfsmf



:0:

psyokmimehobi omv`r, bfj w` bii aìt gmr ma b Z bg amr ht. _m, up tm l`j, p`rokbfo` tm jr bg.Ubht...Ghss Thfe kbs mf` ibst qu`sthmf amr bf hft`rpr`t`r. ’Jm ymu tkhfc tk` Okhf`s` whii whf=‗

Zk` wmgbf tkhfcs bfj tkhfcs, bfj ahfbiiy sbys, ’Zk`y whii try tm.‗Bt 1>:0 Gmfjby gmrfhfe, Z`bg Obptbhf Cbghfscy bfj mur mtk`r Ombok, Lmfe Gm

I``, J-N‘s omushf, cfmoc mf jmmrs. U` e`t up, put mf mur liu` trboc suhts (tk`y w`r` nust ihc`

@feibfj‘s), bfj, whtk J-N i`bjhfe tk` wby, w` em mut làmr` lr`bcabst tm `x`rohs` bfj nme. ZkÒkhf`s` kbv` ahfhsk`j ihgl`rhfe-up hf tk` ihtti` wmmj`j pbrc l`khfj tk` kmtì bfj br` obsubiiy nmeehfe brmufj tk` pbtks ufthi, b skmrt thg` ibt r, tk`y‘v` ormss`j smg` hgbehfbry ahfhsk ihf`bfj kbv` jhsbpp`br`j. Zm em lboc tm tk`hr rmmgs, L`rfh` Luch`t tkmuekt, bfj stbfj ly tk`hr whfjmws bfj shi`ftiy ibuek bs k`, tk` mij`st omgp`thtmr hf tk` tmurfbg`ft, w`ft tkrmuek tk`s`blsurj gmthmfs tkbt w`r` g`bft tm l` `x`rohs`s. ’Immc! Immc!‗ k` wmuij okmrti` mv`r bfj

P._. G`f‘s Z`bg ihgl`rhfe upTkmtms ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



:00

mv`r bebhf. ’Zk` Okhf`s` br` wbtokhfe armg tk` whfjmw.‗ Pfthi Lmfe Gm, hrrhtbt`j, tmfeu`-thpswmrj bt tk` r`bjy, immc`j bt khg bs ha bt tk` k`bj ma smg` v`ry r`bi Nbll`rwmoc ma khs mwf.

F`xt gmrfhfe, H‘g emhfe tm kbst`f tm sby, bt J-N‘s hfshst fo`, w` w`r` tm e`t up kbia bfkmur `brih`r bfj, ei`àuiiy, ha bebhf smg`wkbt sìa-omfsohmusiy, kurry up mut bfj sm ’l`bt‗ tkÒkhf`s` bt tk`hr mwf ebg`. Bt wkhok pmhft tk`hr trbhfhfe quhociy tbp`r`j maa.

U` bii nmee`j‚hfoiujhfe Cbghfscy, Lmfe Gm I``, bfj g`‚bfj ht wbs auf.Bat`rwbrjs, w` bii kujji`j rmufj hf b ohroi` bfj Lmfe Gm ebv` us b p`p tbic bfj w` c`ptsibpphfe kbfjs‚bfj ht kbj nust tk` rhekt tmuok ma blsurjhty tm gbc` ht r`bi bfj g`bfhfeaui.

Uhtk tk` kìp ma _brbn`vm‘s Ar`j Cbibnjzho, wkm‘j l``f hf Obfbjb b a`w w``cs `brih`r bfj kbj tk`f ormss`j mv`r tm J`trmht amr mur Fbthmfbi‘s, bfj fmw s``g`j tm prà`r mur omgpbfy tm tk` Obfbjhbfs‘, Lml, bs Z`bg Obptbhf, brrbfe`j tm kbv` lmtk b G`f‘s bfj bUmg`f‘s Z`bg Gbtok whtk tk` imobi Lmsfb Oiul. H gbfbe`j tm ims` tk` mfiy G`f‘s gbtok ma

tk` `v`fhfe‚tm b v`t`rbf piby`r-ombok. Zkhs, bppbr`ftiy, wbs b pmrt`ft ma tkhfes tm omg`, amr H wbs ibt`r tm ims` hf tk` ahrst rmufj ma tk` Nulhi`` Oup, bf `v`ft amr behfe piby`rs bfj maahohbistkbt H‘j r`bok`j tk` ahfbi ma hf ‛52. Zk` aìimw wkm l`bt g`, _khvbto`v, b amrg`r gbfy-thgÒkbgphmf ma Luiebrhb, wmuij ims` hf tk` ahfbi tm tk` ufsghihfe abvmrht`, Lnmrf` Gìistrmg,

rbfc`j #2; hf _w`j`f, wkm‘j `brih`r l`bt`f tk` er`bt P._. stbr ma tk` 28?4‘s, _mi _okhaa,obii`j _okhtt hf tk` Trmerbg.

Bat`r tk` gbtok`s whtk Lmsfb, w` w`r` bii tbc`f tm tk`hr Oiul K`bjqubrt`rs hfjmwftmwf _brbn`vm. Zk`r`‚whtk tk` ihtti` P_ZZB phfs bfj cfhv`s w`‘j sthoc mut bt`v`rylmjy, `v`f strbfe`rs wkm obg` hf orbzy amr b smuv`fhr‚w` w`r` tk` ehat-`xokbfehfeeu`sts ma kmfmr bt b imfe, imw tbli` pbrty (r`pi`t` whtk lmtti`s ma whf` bfj mp`f-abo`j kmrsj‘mùvr` sbfjwhok`s) ehv`f ly tk` Tr`shj`ft ma tk` Oiul, Nusut Lèmvhok. Zk`r`, tmm, w` g`ttk` Jhròtmr ma tk` Bii Lmsfb _pmrts Trmerbg, Gr. Qucbimvho Qhcbshf, b lhe, k`brty, btki`tho-

immchfe gbf wkm wmuijf‘t tbc` b jrhfc.Zk` emmj aìimwskhp ma tk`s` arh`fjiy,

kmsphtbli` Xuemsibvs omfthfu`j, bfj w` ahii`j up

bfmtk`r pi`bsbft `v`fhfe b w``c mr sm ibt`r wk`fs`v`rbi ma us w`r` hfvht`j tm Gr. Lèmvho‘s kmg`.Zkmuek k` ihv`s hf b gmj`rf, v`ry bttrbothv iy

aurfhsk`j bpbrtg`ft‚k` hs bat`r bii bf brokhtòt‚ht hsr`biiy b v`ry sgbii mf` amr khgsìa, khs wha`, bfj twmsmfs. (Uk`r` jm`s k` c``p khs schs= Hf tk` skmw`r, ma omurs`.)

Zk`r` w` g`t _t`pkbf Cinuho, b _brbn`vmr`pmrt`r, bfj tk` butkmr ma b lmmc mf tk`

hfomgpbrbli` _url`c (@feihsk v`rshmf> Zk Uhii Zm

Uhf ‚’K` S_url`cW r`ghfjs mf` ma b tmy whtk i`bj hf

hts iès> mf` trh`s tm amro` ht jmwf lut ht biwbys rèbhfshts v`rthobi pmshthmf‗).

Cinuho‘s lmmc wbs mf` ma tk` twm l`st-sìihfe pbp`rlbocs bt tkhs Umrij‘s. Zk` mtk`r, ly

^ber`l‘s ^j`fcm Pzmrhfbo, hs b khstmry ma tkÙmrij Okbgphmfskhps armg Imfjmf, 28<1 tm_brbn`vm, 285? (Mj Imfjmfb 28<1 Jm _brbn`vb

285?). B gbrvìmusiy ibhj-mut lmmc, ht kbs mij



:01

pkmtmerbpks (Ibszim Lìibc hf cfhoc`rs, Gbx Gbrhfcm ?0 y`brs bem bt tk` Er`bt _pkhfx ),r`prmjuothmfs ma jrbwhfes, pmstbe` stbgp omgg`gmrbthv`s, bfj obrhobtur`s (tk`r`‘s ouriy-kbhr`j t``fbe`r Ghi`s bfj khs sphc`j-out omgpbfhmf Gbrty \`hsgbf). Zkmuek tk` t`xt hs hf_`rlm-Ormbthbf, ht jm`sf‘t gbtt`r tkbt guok lòbus` tk`r`‘s smg`tkhfe `y`-obtokhfe mf `v`ry pbe`.

Ibt`r, lboc bt tk` Z`rg`, bat`r H‘j r`bj smg` hf gyrmmg, bfj ht kbj emtt`f ibt` `fmuek, H obg` jmwf hftm tk`jbrc, j`s`rt`j imlly (kmw jhaa`r`ft ht wmuij l` hf b a`wjbys) bfj pkmf`j gy wha` _biiy. _k` wbs l`hfe pi`bsbftiyamrthah`j armg tk` wmrij hf 2,444-y`br-mij, wbii`j-upJulrmvfhc mf tk` Bjrhbtho whtk Gmrt bfj @vìyf ^bcbrhf,Jbv` Omx, Ebhi @hs`fl`re, Qho Ibfjbu, bfj ’K‗ Libhr. Zk`y

wmuij ibt`r l` tbchfe b 1 bfj 2/< kmur, 2<4-ghi` trhp ly lus(mf 2 bfj 2/<-ibf`, gmuftbhf-i`je` rmbjs, whtk twm-wbytrbaaho) up bfj jmwf bfj mv`r bfj brmufj bfj mut‚hftm b_brbn`vm sfmwstmrg. Zu`sjby gmrfhfe, ht wbs sthii fho`

`fmuek tm jm mur nmeehfe, bfj bat`rwbrjs tk` Z`bg r`ft`j bsgbii Qmicswbe`f lus bfj w`ft, bs tk`y kbj tk` gmrfhfe

làmr` (v`ry smmf mf` gmrfhfe wmuij s``g guok ihc` bfymtk`r), mf mv`r tm tk` _c`fj`rhnb omgpi`x‚b kue` spmrtskbii whtk bf ufj`rermufj skmpphfe o`ft`r.

U` bebhf g`t whtk Gr. N`r`gho, tk` E`f`rbi _òr`tbry ma tk` Xuemsibv ZZA (F`wXmrc`rs tkmuekt k` immc`j `xbotiy ihc` E`mre` Okmtrbs, kuslbfj ma amrg`r <-thg` P._. Mp`fUmg`f‘s Okbgphmf L`rfho` Okmtrbs). N`r`gho‘s 22tk-kmur nml wbs tm g``t, hf b ahfbi aiurry ma

bothvhty, bii 14 mr sm jìèbthmfs wkm‘j omg` tm _brbn`vm, bfj tm `spòhbiiy suaa`r pbth`ftiy,ommp`rbthvìy, tk` `v`r-okbfehfe omuft ma mur ’maahohbi‗ P._. pbrty.

Ibt`r, Gr. N`r`gho wmuij `fjur` b s`rh`s ma

omfv`rsbthmfs whtk Nmkf \`bj blmut kmw guok gmf`y w`mw`j amr kmw gbfy p`mpi`. Amr b gmg`ft H wbs amro`j tm l`hfvmiv`j hf tkbt‚tm try tm kìp mur kìpaui Bsshstbft Gbfbe`r

Eus C`ff`jy. Zk` C`ff`jy okhijr`f w`r` sm sgbii hf tkbtmf` rmmg, H sbhj tm N`r`gho, ymu r`biiy omuijf‘t omuft tk`g,omuij ymu‚omuijf‘t okbre` ihtti` Guaahf $25.04 b jby, omuijymu=

Fm, k` sbhj, fm, k` omuijf‘t, lut tk` kmtì‚ Fm, fm, H hft`rrupt`j, bt tk` kmtì tk`y sby ht‘s up tm

ymu.X`s, birhekt, k` sbhj tk`f‚ha tk` kmtì ber``s.

H wbft`j tm gbc` sur` `v`rymf` wkm‘j p`rsmfbiiy omftbot`j g` làmr` tk` trhp wmuij l` bli` tm e`t tk`hr `ftrbfo` pbss`s (whtk tk` pbsspmrt-ihc` pkmtms mf tk`g) tkbt wmuij e`ttk`g bii jmwf hftm tk` pibyhfe br`b‚ha fò`ssbry bs r`pmrt`rs amr Zmphos mr smg` mtk`r gbebzhf`‚ihc` (wmuij ymu lìh`v`=) Bhrpmrt F`ws.

Zwm `ftkushbsts H jhsor`tìy kìp`j w`r` Jmf Ibrsmf bfj \hok _hfychf armgGhff`bpmihs. Zk`y‘j gbj` bf hftr`phj bfj jhaahouit Imfjmf-^ber`l-_brbn`vm trhp, bfj tk`hr hfomfv`fh`fo`s bfj `v`f kbrjskhps amufj tk`g stbyhfe, hf`xp`fshvìy, whtk b Xuemsibv abghiytkbt omuij ehv` tk`g mfiy b oims`t-ihc` rmmg. X`t, bshj` armg tk` abot tkbt Jmf wbs shoc whtk b

@x-Zmphos @jhtmr ’K‗ Libhr

’Guaahf‗ C`ff`jy



:05

a`v`r amr b omupi` ma jbys, jurhfe wkhok k`wbs wìi obr`j amr ly tkbt abghiy, tk`hr shtubthmf wbs r`biiy fmt tkbt lbj‚ prhgbrhiy lòbus` tk`hr pkmf`y Tr ss\mmg stbtus ebv` tk`g boo`ss tm

`v`rytkhfe b vhshtmr hft`r`st`j hf tk`gbtok`s omuij wbft, hfoiujhfe tk`mppmrtufhty tm tbc` kufjr`js ma oims`-up pkmtms ma tk` wmrij‘s l`st piby`rs. Zk`ywmuij `fnmy wrhthfe, fmt ma omurs` amr bfy pbp`r lut mfo`-hf-b-iha`thg` i`tt`rs kmg`,wkhok ibt`r H‘j pulihsk hf Zmphos (Gby-

Nuf`, 285?, ::-:0) bfj e`t smg` aibc amr ht, lòbus`, bs \hok hffmo`ftiy lutg`gmrbliy sbhj ma tk` _brbn`vm k` sbw> ’Htkmuekt ht wbs tk` jhrth`st ohty H kbv` `v`r

s``f. Zk` str``ts w`r` jhrty, tk` bhr wbsjhrty, tk` ammj wbs jhrty, bfj tk` p`mpi` w`r` jhrty. Fmt mfiy wbs `v`rytkhfe jhrty lut

`v`rytkhfe bfj v`rylmjy bfj v`rytkhfe wbs simw bfj v`ry jhsmrebfhz`j bfj fmlmjy spmc`@feihsk S`xo`pt, amrtufbtìy, wk`r` Jmf bfj \hok obg` tm sp`fj tk`hr jbys, bt tk` pibyhfekbiiW.‗ Bii hf bii, tkmuek, H tkhfc tk`y jhj kbv` b emmj thg`.

_hfo` H bs Tr`shj`ft ma tk` Bssmohbthmf kbj bf ’Maahohbi‗ pbss, bfj bs @jhtmr ma Zmphos b’Tr`ss‗ pbss, lmtk ma wkhok wmuij ehv` g` boo`ss tm tk` pibyhfe aimmr, H wbs biwbysr`spmfshliy immchfe tm kìp mut smg` arh`fj mr boqubhftbfo` e`t pbst tk` bt ahrst fmt tmm

soruthfhzhfe `y` ma tk` pibhfoimtk`sg`f bt `v`ry jmmr, mr tk` eubrjs whtk tk`hr sul-gbokhfèufs wkm w`r` pmst`j, tk`hr lbocs smg`thg`s tm ymu ihc` hf smg` prhg`-thg` ZQ tkrhii`r, tm pr`v`ft, whtk tk` omghfe ma tk` Hsrbìh Z`bg, bfmtk`r Gufhok.

Mfo`, bat`r H‘j kbj gy ahii ma r`j-tbp` hft`ro`jhfe amr p`mpi`, bfj N`r`gho bfj khs or`wkbj jmulti`ss kbj tk`hr ahii ma g`, H spmtt`j E`mre` Lul`f, wkm whtk khs wha` Gbjìhf` wbss`bt`j bwby armg tk` aimmr hf tk` stbfjs blmv`, bfj p`rsubj`j khg tm sf`bc bwby‚ihc` tk`

gmst bgbtùr ma Lmsfhbf omfsphrbtmrs‚amr b aurthv` ihtti` g``thfe ly tk` mutshj` `ftrbfo` tmtk` ufj`rermufj. Lut tk`f, wk`f H btt`gpt`j tm ehv` khg gy yìimw Tr`ss obrj whtk gy pkmtmmf ht, sm k` omuij `ft`r tk` lboc jmmr r`s`rv`j amr f`wspbp`rg`f ma tk` wmrij (’Nust put ymur tkugl mv`r tk` l`brj, E`mre`, bfj wbic rhekt hf‗), k` sbhj f`rvmusiy k` bppròhbt`j gyàamrts, lut tkbt ht r`biiy wbsf‘t sm lbj up hf tk` stbfjs, bfj tkbfcs bfywby. (Bat`r bii, ht wbsf‘t nust ihc` ehvhfe b arh`fj b luttmf bt mf` ma tkms` tmurfbg`fts hf Omlm Kbii lboc hf E`mre`‘s

J`trmht, wbs ht=) _m, m.c., H tkmuekt H‘j jmf` wkbt H abtk`riy omuij amr smg`mf` wkm skmuijkbv` rò`hv`j b pbss lut amr smg` r`bsmf jhjf‘t. Bfj H w`ft lboc hftm tk` kbii, whtk b fmj bfj

b wbv` ma gy kbfj, amr ly fmw H wbs b ròmefhz`j aheur` tm tk` pibhfoimtk`sgbf tk`r` wkmf`v`r sghi`j.

Obihamrfhbf Ar`j K`rlst (ZZZ , Gby-Nuf`, 285?, :<) jhaa`r`j armg tk` ymufeGhff`smtbfs rmuekhfe ht hf khs hgpr`sshmf ma tk` ohty, tk` omuftry. K` tkmuekt tk` Xuemsibvs

w`r` ’arh`fjiy, omurt`mus, chfj3 ml`jh`ft, ok``raui, tkrhaty3 lrbv`, oi`bf, bfj hrr`v`r`ft.‗ K`mls`rv`j tkbt tk` ’bv`rbe` omgrbj` kbs smg` emij t``tk, bj`qubt` bfj pr`s`ftbli` oimtkhfe,bfj khs pbsshmfbt` bglhthmf hs tm mwf b sgbii butm. K` `bts wìi armg bf blufjbfo` ma emmjqubihty ees, v`bi, okhoc`f, ibgl, futs, aruhts, vè`tbli`s, bfj okmomibt`. K` ihc`s ehris bfj

\hok _hfychf (I) bfj Jmf Ibrsmf>

twm trutkaui Zmphos ’omrr`spmfj`fts‗



:0;

vho`-v`rsb. Fmt tmm guok vho` bfj fm pmrfmerbpky.‗ Ar`j bism pmhfts mut tkbt tkhs omgrbj`‘s’f`wspbp`rs bfj rbjhm br` prmpbebfjb-prmf . Fm mlnòthv` r`pmrthfe. @v`rytkhfe hs`jhtmrhbihz`j bfj sibft`j tm tk` pbrty ihf`. Lut Stk`r` hsW fm kbrrh`j, mppr`sshv` immc mf khsabo`....‗

Uìi, `v`rymf` tm khs mwf mphfhmf H biwbys sby.

U`jf`sjby gmrfhfe ht rbhf`j bfj sfmw`j, lut Cbghfscy kbj brrbfe`j amr mur g`f tm prbotho` whtk tk` _mvh t Z`bg (prbotho` emmjwhii tmm), bfj Kmwbrj amr mur ehris tm prbotho`whtk tk` Okhf`s`. Zk`s` prbotho` gbtok`s w`r` piby`j, bs Lml ibt`r wrmt`, ’bt tk` sbg` thg`bfj hf armft ma v`rylmjy,‗ bfj tkhs jhsrèbrj ma ’pmihthobi hj`mimeh`s‗ jhj khs k`brt emmj.

Ibt`r tkbt jby, _biiy bfj tk` mtk`rs gbfbe`j tm e`t tkrmuek armg Julrmvfhc. \uaamrjKbrrhsmf kbj brrhv`j b a`w jbys brih`r bat`r b imfe _tbflmui trbhf rhj` (Mst`fj, Omimef`,Qh`ffb, Lìerbj`, mr sm ht w`ft mf tk` mfiy trhp H‘v` `v`r tbc`f mf ht‚hf Erbkbg Er``f`‘s

fmvì). Uhtk khg w`r` khs gmtk`r bfj khs chjs, Go\b` bfj Lryo`. Jhoc bfj Gbry, tmm, kbjemtt`f hf‚Ghi`s e`tthfe us`j tm khs f`w Ormwf _pmrts nboc`t wkhi` jrhvhfe khs sgbii, r`ft`j@urmp`bf obr up armg Btk`fs mr Tbrhs mr smg`pibo`.

Jìi _w``rhs, wkm kbj tk` maahohbi thti` ma P._. Bfbiyst, bfj wkm wmuij whf tk` Umrij

Tr`ss Okbgphmfskhp k`r` mv`r @rrmi \`s`c, ai`w hf mf _whss Bhr. Mk, y`s, tk` \`s`cs, v`t`rbfsma tk` ‛52 Okhfb trhp, w`r` k`r`‚@rrmi bfj Nbhrh`. Zk`y‘j omg` armg Ozòkmsimvbchb, wk`r`

Nbhrh`, obràuiiy amiimwhfe tk` gbp tkbt kbj l``f ehv`f k`r, kbj amufj tk` ihtti` tmwf wk`r` k`r gmtk`r wbs lmrf. Kmw`v`r, shfo` @rrmi, wk`f k` wbsf‘t mf bfy pr`sshfe bsshefg`ft amr tk`Zrhfhjbj Zhg`s, wbs k`r` tm ombok (F`w Xmrc Ohty‘s Lrmbjwby bfj 5?rj _t.) Zrhfhjbj-ZmlbemZ`bg ma \mry Lrbsshfetmf bfj Jbv` Tkhihp, k` bfj tk` mtk`rs kbj l``f bsshef`j b jhaa`r`ftkmtì. Bism brrhvhfe w`r` b _bf Arbfohsom ermup, k`bj`j ly amrg`r Xuemsibv er`bt BiibfK`rscmvhok. @fnmyhfe b <1-jby Zbli` Z`ffhs Zmur ma @urmp`, tk`y tmmc ;-kmurs tm e`t hf ly

trbhf armg ^ber`l. (_`` Ghc` Er``f`‘s ’Zk` Okbfo` ma b Iha`thg`‗ hf ZZZ , Nuiy-Bueust, 285?,21-25.)

Zm e`t jr`bghiy tkrmuek tk` jby r`quhr`s prbotho`. Zm e`t tkrmuek tk` fhekt‚

`spòhbiiy, amr Jbffy bfj Bfeìhtb bfj _u`, tkhs pbrthouibr fhekt làmr` tk` stbrt ma tk`hr ahrstUmrij Okbgphmfskhps‚`v`f gmr` prbotho`. Umuij tk`y omuij kbv` sw``t jr`bgs.



:08

Okbpt`r Zkhrty-Ahv`

285?> _brbn`vm> P._. G`f‘s bfj Umg`f‘s Z`bg

Gbtok`s.

Zkursjby gmrfhfe, Bpr. 0, tk` Hrmf Ourtbhf jhj fmt pròhsìy bt 8>44, bs sok`jui`j, rmii oibfehfeiy up mf tk`T`ramrgbfo`‚tkmuek tk`r` w`r` fmhsy sokmmi chjs wbhthfe tme`t hf. Lut l` pbth`ft‚H‘v` spòhbi boo`ss, H‘ii j`sorhl` amr ymumf `ft`rhfe wkbt tk`s` chjs obf‘t‚bfj hf b skmrt thg` ymu‘ii l`hf tk`r` whtk tk` P._. Z`bg.

Hf tk` gbhf pibyhfe br`fb tk`r` w`r` 21 squbr`j-maa

omurts, lbrrh`r`j bii brmufj, lut whtk v`ry jhstrbothfe bjs mftk` hfshj` (ZQ hs suppms`j tm gbc` tk` _pmrt pmpuibr, ymucfmw). Zk` wkht` i`tt`rhfe gbj` ht prmlbli` tkbt smg` piby`rs, pbrthouibriy jà`fshv` piby`rs, wmuij ims` shekt ma tk` lbii‚tk`

_okhijcrmt lbii, sìòt`j ’bat`r b gbrbtkmf j`lbt`.‗ Gmr`mv`r, tk` twm shj` rmmgs amr prbotho`w`r` fmt wìi iht. Ma tk` gbhf br`fb, mf` ma mur piby`rs wmuij sby, ’Zk` aimmr‘s tmm ihekt bfj

tk` lbii‘s tmm jbrc.‗ Zurfs mut tk` mrebfhz`rs w`r` ushfe f`w _pmrt-_url`c tbli`s (whtkbfmtk`r jhstrbothmf‚tk` fbg` ’_url`c‗ wrhtt`f mf tk` lboc `je`s) bfj tk` lbii c`pt phochfeup pbhft‚sm guok sm tkbt bt tk` `fj ma `v`f mf` ebg` ht immc`j tm g` tm l` ufpibybli`.Gbyl` tk`y skmuij gbc` bf HZZA rui` tm okbfe` lbiis bat`r v`ry ebg`=

’Jmf‘t wmrry,‗ sbhj bfmtk`r piby`r. ’Hf tkr`` jbys, tk` piby whii l` `fthrìy jhaa`r`ft.Zk` pbhft whii jry bfj tk` lbii wmf‘t l` sm jbrc.‗ (Bfj ly _ufjby kmw gbfy th`s whii mur P._.

Z`bgs kbv` piby`j=)’Kmw hf b smohbihst omuftry,‗ sbys bfmtk`r hf mur pbrty, ’jm tk`y kbv` tkhs bjv`rthshfe

bii brmufj= T\HQ@JFB LBFCB _B\[email protected]\^HFH HZBIX \MBJ

@[email protected] AMOB [email protected]`bj smg` ma tk` jhaa`r`ft omimr`j shefs mv`r tk` th`r`j stbfjs blmv`. Hf `bok omurt, hf bjjhthmf tm tk` piby`rs, tk`r` wmuij l` stbthmf`j bti`bst tkr`` ugphr`s, bii jr`ss`j hf rbtk`r ufhamrg lrmwf nboc`t bfj trmus`rs, bfj biwbys whtk b

skhrt bfj th`. _mg` wmuij kbv` ihtti` hft`r`st hf tk` gbtok`s, mtk`rs wmuij wbtok obràuiiy,r`bjy tm `x`rt tk` butkmrhty tk`y‘j l``f v`st`j whtk.

Bt i`bst mf` ma tk`s` g`f kbj tm l` s`bt`j l`khfj smg`tkhfe lhe bs bf hiiushmfhst‘strufc hf mrj`r tm kbfj-gbfhpuibt` tk` bppbrbtus tkbt skmw`j tk` omfthfuhfe ebg` somr` bfjstbt` ma tk` gbtok. Zm `htk`r shj` ma tkhs gbf, gbyl` abohfe, gbyl` fmt, tk` ugphr` mppmsht`,wkm khgsìa wbs aibfc`j ly twm sgbii tmwì tr``s, wbs bf ìòtrho somr`r (tk`r` w`r` twm ma

tk`g) tkbt immc`j hfomferumusiy ihc` b ebsmihf` pugp. PFH_ ht biwbys r`ft-b-obr sbhj mftmp‚bs ha tm omfstbftiy r`ghfj tkms` hf tk` stbfjs, wbtokhfe armg b jhstbfo` tkhs mr tkbt iht-up

somr`, tkbt tk`y jhjf‘t kbv` tm sht hf tkhs kbii v`ry jby ihc` tk`s` gbokhf`s, lut, ihc` Ar`j bfjKì`f K`rlst, omuij r`ft b ihtti` obr, bfj tbc` tk` photur`squ` rhj` bimfe tk` Bjrhbtho tm photur`squ` Julrmvfhc.

Mf mppmsht` shj`s ma `bok omurt, nust mutshj` tk` lbrrh`r, w`r` okbhrs amr tk` piby`rs,

ombok`s, bfj maahohbis ma bok t`bg‚mr bt i`bst amr b sìòt kbia-jmz`f ma tk`g. Mf tk` shj`f`br`st tk` upstbhrs stbfjs (jmwfstbhrs s`bthfe wbs ihght`j tm b jmz`f mr sm rmws mf `bok shj`ruffhfe tk` i`fetk ma tk` eyg)‚tkbt hs, nust l`khfj tk` Z`bg okbhrs ly mf` ma tk` omurts‚bt bsgbii tbli` whtk b tì`pkmf` tkbt gbyl` ehv`f fmuek thg` omuij kbv` i`brf`j tm sp`bc



:14

@feihsk, sbt bf maahohbi somr`r wkm `fnmy`j l`hfe smg`tkhfe ma b sup`rvhsmr. Bs w` ibt`r amufjmut, k` wbs tk` ihbhsmf gbf tm try tm tbic s`fs` tm wk`f w` kbj mf` mr twm mr gmr` omgpibhftstm gbc` tm tk` Zmurfbg`ft \à`r``.

Zm mf` shj` ma tk` pibyhfe br`b, l`khfj jmmrs tkbt w`r` fmt biwbys sm sòurìywbtok`j, mf` jmwfstbhrs eubrj omuij l` lrhl`j whtk tkms` sbg` P_ZZB phfs bfj cfhv`s tk`

p`mpi` hf tk` Lmsfb Oiul kbj sm wbft`j. Nust r`bok ymur kbfj hf ymur pmoc`t bfj omg` upwhtk smg`tkhfe mr mtk`r tm pmhft bt khg, bfj whtk bf bpprmprhbt` skmw ma prmt`st k`‘j i`t ymumut bfj lboc hf. Mtk`rwhs`, ha ymu wbft`j tm em ufj`rermufj tm tk` r`stburbft, mr tm tk` lbfc (amr jhfbrs ma omurs`, fmt amr bfy P._. jmiibrs, shfo` tk`y o`rtbhfiy jhjf‘t wbft tm ehv` ymutkms`), mr tm tk` sup`rgbrc`t, mr mf` ma tk` skmps, mr tm em (mfiy mfo`, pi`bs`) bs br`pr`s`ftbthv` ma ymur jìèbthmf tm phoc up ymur, mr ymur Z`bg‘s, ar`` Gbrc Q rboc`t armgtk` _theb p`mpi` (’Kmw‘s tbli` t`ffhs hf tk` _tbt`s=‗ sbhj b aìimw hf tk` lmmtk bfj immc`j

rhekt tkrmuek g`), ymu kbj tm em tk` imfe wby brmufj.Tbrbiiì tm tkhs prà`rr`j `xht jmmr wbs mf` i`bjhfe hftm tk` Tr`ss br`b. K`r` `bok

pr`sugbliy lmfb ahj` f`wspbp`rgbf kbj khs T.M. lmx hftm wkhok w`r` put, ly tmurfbg`ft‘s`fj, tk` kbia-tkmusbfj mr sm sk``ts tkbt w`r` suppms`j tm c``p ymu up tm jbt` mf tk` gbtok`s

bfj mf wkbt omoctbhi pbrth`s mr `xourshmf trhps w`r` wk`r`, bfj wkbt tk` w`btk`r wbs ihc` ha `v`r ymu pibff`j tm l` bwby armg tk` kbii, bfj sm mf‚wkbt piby`rs w`r` e`tthfe kurt mr shoc,

tk` j`btk ma Thobssm, wkbt`v`r ghekt l` ma spòhbi hft`r`st tm ymu.@xo`pt tkbt tk`s` sk``ts wmuij biwbys l` stmi`f mut ma ymur lmx bfj smg`thg`s ymu

omuijf‘t `v`f e`t tk`r` hf thg` tm ahfj tk`g hf bfymf` ìs`‘s lmx. Ht wbs b v`ry omgp`ththv``fvhrmfg`ft.

Bii tk`s` kufjr`js ma pr`sugbliy lmfb ahj` r`pmrt`rs w`r` bok ehv`f b pibsthosmuv`fhr pmrtamihm amr bii tk`hr vbiubli` pbp`rs, wkhok, zhpp`r`j mp`f mr skut, kbj tkbt bwaui,

imfe-ihfe`rhfe, f`w-gbj` sgìi tm ht. Zk`y w`r` bism ehv`f bf `fvìmp` ma okhts tm l` us`j amr ar`` ammj bfj jrhfc, sm tkbt smg`thg`s mf ymur wby hftm tk` eyg wk`r` smg` emmj gbtok wbsblmut tm stbrt, bs ymu wbic`j tkrmuek tk` Tr`ss br`b, ymu omuij s`` p`mpi` s`ttihfe jmwf tm b

obrj tbli` sm tkbt tk`y omuij omgamrtbliy `bt bfj jrhfc wkhi` tk`y wbtok`j ZQ.

P._. Umg`f‘s Omrlhiimf Oup Tiby

H‘j g`fthmf`j hf gy pr`vhmus Okbpt`r tkbt mur P._. Umg`f‘s Z`bg kbj kbj prbotho` gbtok`s whtk tkìmobi Lmsfb Oiul wmg`f bfj whtk tk` Okhf`s`. Z`bgObptbhf Cbghfscy, mur P_ZZB Hft`rfbthmfbi Okbhr, kbjbism brrbfe`j prbotho` gbtok`s whtk tk` Xuemsibv Fbthmfbi Z`bg, bfj tk`s` w`r` ihcìy tk` gmst g`bfhfeaui

ma mur wbrg-ups. Gbrthf`z, bt i`bst, piby`j bfmutstbfjhfe gbtok bebhfst limfj`, bttrbothv` Ghrnbfb

\`si`r‚lut wk`tk`r tkhs hfor`bs`j Tbtty‘s omfahj`fo` mr fmt wbs j`lbtbli`. Hf tk` 2st ebg`, sk` obg` armg l`khfjtm obtok \`si`r bt 28-bii, bfj tkhs bppbr`ftiy sm jhseust`jtk` Xuemsibv Fbthmfbi Okbgphmf tkbt sk` prbothobiiy ebv`

bwby tk` ebg`-`fjhfe pmhft. Zk`f hf tk` <fj, Tbttywbs up 20-0, 28-22, bfj <4-20 làmr` imshfe tkbtebg`, bfj‚k`r omfo`ftrbthmf emf`, k`r sphrht

lrmc`f‚`v`ftubiiy tk` gbtok.

Xuemsibvhb‘s Ghrnbfb \`si`rArmg 285< @urmp` Zmp 2< Trmerbg



:12

Tr`pbrbtmry tm mur bat`rfmmf Omrlhiimf Oup mp`f`r, Lml‘s bss`ssg`ft wbs tkbt tkèhris w`r` tmm thekt, bfj piby`j tmm abst‚rusk`j tk` lbii. K` wbsf‘t sur` wk`tk`r Nujy mr Bfeh` wmuij l` mur #<.

Hf mur ahrst th`, bebhfst tk` w`bc Kmfe Cmfe t`bg, Lml w`ft whtk Tbtty bfj Bfeh` hftk` shfei`s, bfj Tbtty bfj Nujy hf tk` jmuli`s‚bfj, fm prmli`g, w` jhjf‘t ims` b ebg`.

Zkbt `v`fhfe, bat`r gbchfe kurrh`j ibst-ghfut` lus omffòthmfs tm tk` Kmtì Z`rg` bfj

lboc, w` bpp`br`j, ufjà`bt j, prmuj, hf mur f`w Blrbkbg & _trbus pbrbj` mutahts‚tk` ehrishf wkht` skm`s, aibr`j mrbfe` sibocs, b pmicb-jmt mrbfe` limus`, bfj b wkht` libz`r3 tk` g`f hfgmj, khek-k`ì`j skm`s, liboc sibocs, b r`j bfj wkht` pyrbghj-jmtt`j skhrt whtk whj` wkht` th`,bfj b gbrmmf spmrt ombt whtk b kbsthiy-s`wfP_ZZB lbje bt tk k`brt ma ht.

Mf` E`rgbf wmgbf sbhj ht wbs tk`

l`st bpp`brbfo` b P._. Z bg kbj gbj` hfy`brs. @v`rylmjy, hf abot, tkmuekt w`

immc`j t`rrhaho‚tkbt hs, ha ymu sbw mur Z`bg bs l`hfe e`fj`r-jhvhj`j. Lut e`tthfegbtokhfe mutahts lboc hf tk` _tbt`s kbj prmv`j, bs thg` wbs ruffhfe skmrt,

blsmiutìy hgpmsshli`.Bimfe whtk tk` mtk`r jìèbthmfs,

w` wbtok`j smg` trbjhthmfbi Xuemsibv amic jbfo`s, tk`f wbic`j (rbtk`r tkbf gbrok`j)

P._. Z`bg lèhffhfe tm gmv` hf tk` Umrij‘s pbrbj`


Xuemsibv amic jbfo`rsTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



:1<

obsubiiy brmufj tk` aimmr, `bok ma us obrryhfe b r`j aimw`r bfj smg` ma us wbvhfe armg thg` tmthg` arh`fjiy-ihc`. H i`j maa, bfj Lml, wkm wmr` b Z`bg I`bj`r lbje` tm em whtk bii tk`g`jbis‚mr rbtk`r jhaa`r`ft-Bssmohbthmf phfs‚k`, ihc` ymufe Lryo` Kbrrhsmf, kbj l``fboouguibthfe, wbs rhekt l`khfj g`, tk` twm ma us sìa-omfsohmusiy i`bjhfe tk` wby hf bfytkhfe lut b pbrbj` st`p.

Zk` Okhf`s`, H ghekt pmhft mut, jhjf‘t omg` swhfehfe gbrthbiiy hftm tk` kbii bs tk`y jhjtwm y`brs bem, jhjf‘t `v`f ihf` up boomrjhfe tm maahohbis-ahrst prmtmomi, bs jhj gmst ma tkòmuftrh`s, lut wbic`j ly kbvhfe obràuiiy ghx`j tk`hr g`f bfj wmg`f boomrjhfe tm k`hekt.

Bat`rwbrjs, mur wmg`f kbv` tm piby Luiebrhb‚tk` tmuek`st t`bg hf mur rmufj rmlhf.U` spiht tk` ahrst twm shfei`s gbtok`s‚Tbtty l`bts Bil`rthfb \bfeìmvb, <-4, lut Bfeh` ims`s,<-4, tm @ghihb F`hcmvb. Hf tk` jmuli`s gbtok tkbt‘s oruohbi, Tbtty bfj Nujy `c` mut tk` 2st btjùo`, jrmp tk` <fj, bfj tk`f br` bt 28-bii hf tk` ?rj làmr` suoouglhfe.

Uhtk tk` P._. jmwf <-2, Ombok Kmwbrj mlnòts v`k`g`ftiy tm tk` `xt`fj`j wbht l`tw``f tk` jmuli s bfj tk` Gbrthf`z-F`hcmvb gbtok tkbt hs tm amiimw. K` sbys ht‘s mlvhmustkbt tk` Luiebrhbf ehri, wkm hs blmut tm piby k`r ?rj gbtok hf b rmw, hs thr`j, bfj k` omgpibhfstm tk` Xuemsibv maahohbis. ’_k` obf‘t tbc` b 0-ghfut` r`st,‗ k` prbothobiiy sor`bgs. Lut ly tk`

thg` tk` maahohbis ufj`rstbfj wkbt k`‘s tbichfe blmut bfj fmj tk`hr ber``g`ft, F`hcmvb hsr`bjy tm piby.

H p`rsmfbiiy tkmuekt bii tkhs b lht p`tty, lut tm Nboc tkhs jìhl`rbt` stbii wbs nust mf`gmr` trhoc tkbt bii tk`s` t`bgs cf`w kmw tm us`, bfj, immc, ha w` jhjf‘t wbft tm l` tbc`fbjvbftbe` ma, w`‘j l`tt`r stbrt sp`bchfe up. Aurtk`r, Nboc wbs b lht susphohmus ma tk` ugphr`s,tkmuekt tkbt omfsohmusiy mr ufomfsohmusiy tk`y ghekt l` prm-Luiebrhb bfj bebhfst us. Botubiiy,bii 214 ugphr`s w`r` Xuemsibvs, whtk tk` `xo`pthmf ma : armg tk` F`tk`ribfjs. Zk`ysuppms`jiy kbj tkhs jhròthv` tm famro`> ’piby`rs Slàmr` s`rvhfeW br` fmt biimw`j tm ‛piby‘

whtk tk` lbii mf tk` rboc`t, mr kht tk` lbii tm tk` aimmr.‗Ly fmw ht‘s bigmst ghjfhekt bfj w`‘ii smmf l` tk` mfiy th` hf tk` kbii. Nust tk`f b

Xuemsibv maahohbi hs immchfe amr b Gr. Kmwbrj. Nboc jm`sf‘t ihc` l`hfe hft`rrupt`j bt tkhs

oruohbi stbe`, lut omg`s mv`r bfj bscs wkbt tk` gbf wbfts. K` wbfts tm r`turf Nboc‘swbii`t‚or`jht obrjs bfj bii, wkhok smg`lmjy kbs amufj smg`wk`r`. Amr mf` whij gmg`ftNboc tkhfcs ht gust kbv` l``f tbc`f armg khs lbe‚lut, fm, tk`f ht wmuijf‘t kbv` l``f

r`turf`j. Ht gust kbv` abii`f mut wk`f k` wbs pr`moouph`j (k` wbs mat`f pr`moouph`j). K`sbys, ’Zkbfcs,‗ bfj ehv`s tk` aìimw b ’Xmu‘r` b rhekt euy‗ immc. Zk` gbf fmjs, lmws, bfjwbics kurrh`jiy bwby, bs ha tkhs hs nust mf` gmr` rmuthf` juty k`‘s kbj tm p`ramrg.

Tbtty, p`rkbps ups`t ly tk` jmuli`s jà`bt (tkmuek sk`‘s f`v`r mf` tm immc kmpì`ssiyarustrbt`j), ims`s tk` 2st ebg` tm F`hcmvb bfj hs jmwf 22-: hf tk` <fj. Zk`f, sthii `fomurbe`j ly bii ma us, sk` lèhfs l`bjhfe tme`tk`r b imvìy f ocibo` ma pmhfts, gmv`s bii tk` wby tm 20-

2: up, kbs hf ghfj tm pr`s`ft tkhs wìomg`j ehat tm k`rsìa bfj tk` Z`bg...wk`f blruptiy skìms`s b strhfe bfj wbtok`s tk` pmhfts rmii bwby. Jmwf 2;-20, sk` whfs‚fm, sk` jm`sf‘t, sk`

ims`s b pbjji` pmhft. Bfj tk` gbtok hs smmf mv`r. Luiebrhb ?-P_B 2. F`xt up> twm ymutkaui F`w ^`bibfj t`bok`rs. Tbtty, mfo` sk` wmf tkbt 2st ebg` bt

jùo`, ebtk`r`j hf k`r twm gbtok`s bs `xpòt`j‚bfj tkbt skmuij kbv` l``f ht. Lut tk`f sk`bfj Nujy emt ghx`j up bfj jrmpp`j tk` lbii hf tk` jmuli`s. Khij`lrbfjt, g`bfwkhi`, kbj imst b

28 hf tk` ?rj gbtok tm <2-y`br-mij iàtkbfj`r Xvmff` Amebrty, jbuekt`r ma tk` 28:; F`w^`bibfj G`f‘s Okbgp, U.N. ’Lhii‗ Amebrty. Xvmff`, b guith-thg` P-2;/P-21 Fbthmfbi EhrisOkbgp, wbs mfiy 20 wk`f sk` piby`j amr F`w ^`bibfj hf tk` 2815 _tmockmig Umrij‘s. Hf2818 sk` wmf tk` Fbthmfbi Umg`f‘s thti`. Zk` th`-whffhfe gbtok, kmw`v`r, w`ft tm _u`‚



:1?

mv`r tk` <4-y`br-mij 2852/285< F`w ^`bibfjOkbgphmf, Bff` _tmf`str``t, wkm abvmr`j b’wìi-bfei`j amr`kbfj chii skmt.‗ Guok tm _u`‘sor`jht sk` wbsf‘t jhsomurbe`j bt tkbt fbsty imsstm Amebrty bfj, ehv`f tk` psyokho khek ma b 28

2st-ebg` whf, aheur`j sk` omuij jm tk` sbg`tkhfe bebhf‚bfj ostbthobiiy jhj.Bebhfst Obfbjb, Gbrthf`z bebhf wmf

twm‚`xbot`j sw``t r`v`fe` mf Qhmi`ttb F`sucbhths, wkmg sk ‘j nust imst tm hf mur P._.Mp`f. Lut bebhf, `v`f bat`r whffhfe tk` 2st bt 28,sk` bfj Lmok`fsch omuijf‘t whf tk` jmuli`s. Fmr

omuij Nujy phoc up tk` f``j`j ?rj-ebg`jòhj`r‚imshfe tk` <-< th`-lr`bc`r tm GbrhbffJmgmfcms, jùo` hf tk` ?rj. Fm f``j tm kurrys`fjhfe tkbt r`suit mv`r tk` bhrwbv`s kmg`.

Mur 0tk th` hs whtk Gbibyshb‚bfjmfiy mf` ma us whii bjvbfo` tm tk` ahfbirmufj rmlhf. Uhtk b swhfe ma pmsshliy ;rbfchfe pmshthmfs hf tk` maahfe, Tbtty,

wkms` s`rv` s``gs bsy tm kht lut hsf‘t,mfo` gmr` whfs twm, bfj tkhs thg` sk`

bfj Nujy tbc` tk` jmuli`s.Bebhfst Tmibfj, bat`r jrmpphfe

tk` ahrst twm shfei`s, w`‘r` jmwf <-2, bfjhf tk` :tk gbtok Tbtty‘s imst tk` 2st. Lut

sk` c``ps tk` rbiiy bihv`, pr`ssur`- pr s`rvhfe tk` Z bg‘s okbfo s whtk bjùo` hf tk` ?rj whf mv`r Jbfutb

Obihfscb. Bibs, tkmuek, Bfeh` obf‘t obp mur omg`lboc whtk tk` oihfok`r.

F`w ^`bibfj‘s Xvmff` Ame`rty (I)

bfj Bff` _tmf`str``tArmg tk` @feihsk Zbli` Z`ffhs F`ws, Bpr., 285?, ?

Obfbjb‘s Gbrhbff Jmgmfcms mf k`r wby tm l`bthfe Nujy Lmok`fsch Gbrhbff JmgmfcmsTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf

Fmt tmm kbppy blmut Nujy‘s prmer`ss - P._. suppmrt`rs, I-\>

Gbrthf`z, Khij`lrbfjt, Ombok Kmwbrj, \msbi bfj Cbghfscy.

Hf lboc, ^bcbrhf




:1:

Mur ibst th` w` prbothobiiy omfo`j` tm Hfjhb, amr Tbttyshts mut. \msbi tk`f kbs k`r l`st skmwhfe‚whffhfe tk`jmuli`s `bshiy whtk Nujy bfj `xt`fjhfe Hfjhb‘s FbthmfbiOkbgphmf Hfju Turh, <4, 2;.

_m w` ahfhsk whtk ? whfs bfj : imss`s, kbvhfe wmf 2:

gbtok`s bfj imst 20. Zkbt puts us hf 2;tk pibo`, sihektiy l`tt`r tkbf tk` <2st pibo` w` obg` hftm tkhs Umrij‘s whtk.Obfbjb, g`bfwkhi` (Qhmi`ttb bfj Aimrb F`sucbhths,

Gbrhbff Jmgmfcms, _khri`y E`rm, bfj C`f C`rr bsObptbhf), ihc`whs` hgprmv`j b ihtti`‚w`ft armg <<fj tm <4tk.

P._. G`f‘s _wbytkihfe Oup Tiby

Bs whtk tk`wmg`f, tk` gmstg`bfhfeaui wbrg-up amr tk` g`f wbs tk` prbotho` th` Obptbhf

Cbghfscy kbj brrbfe`j whtk tk` Xuemsibv #HHt`bg‚twm ma wkmg, Ghimrbj hvbfmvho bfj Lìb

G`sbrms, Jbffy _``ghii`r wmuij piby amr r`bi ibt`r hf tk` G`f‘s bfj G`f‘s Omfsmibthmf bfj,ufamrtufbtìy, bs k` jhj hf tk`s` e`t boqubhft`jgbtok`s, wmuij ims` tm. Kmw`v`r, hf tkhs prbotho`,Jbffy (bs wìi bs T`t`r bfj Aubrfbjm) jhj jmwf tk`@urmp`bf Nufhmr Okbgphmf, Ghrbf _bvfhc, bfj bism

Lbicbf Ebg`s whff`r îbtcm Omrjbs, wkm whtk^j`fcm Pzmrhfbo wmuij l` tmurhfe tk` P._. tkhssugg`r. Zk` 0tk whf hf mur 22-0 imss wbs J-N‘s‚

mv`r tk` okmpp`r G`sbrms. Cbghfscy aìt tkbt mur g`f w`r`f‘t pkyshobiiy aht (wky fmt=) lut tkbt kbjtk`y l``f w` ghekt kbv` l`bt`f tk`s` Xuemsibvs.

Ukbt‘s tkbt= Mur ahrst mppmf`ft hs...Gbibyshb=H‘j mrhehfbiiy aheur`j tkbt Gbibyshb wbs tk` strmfe`st t`bg hf mur Zkhrj Jhvhshmf

lrboc`t. Fmw, tkmuek, w` w`r` sujj`fiy pibyhfe tk`g hf tk` _òmfj Jhvhshmf. X s, tk`_òmfj Jhvhshmf lòbus` tkbt‘s wk`r` mur <;tk-rbfc`j t`bg kbj l``f ì`vbt`j tm (bimfe whtkGbibyshb lut fmt tk` strmfe Bustrbihbf t`bg) wk`f Fmrtk Cmr`b, fmt wbfthfe tm piby hf tk`sbg` lrboc`t whtk _mutk Cmr`b, turf`j brmufj bfj ai`w kmg`, bfj wk`f s`v`rbi mtk`r t`bgs

bk`bj ma us hf tk` rbfchfe (ihc` @eypt wkm H k`brj omuijf‘t e`t aufj`j) jhjf‘t skmw.Zk` _òmfj Jhvhshmf t`bgs, ihc` tk` Ahrst, w`r` jhvhj`j hftm twm rmufj rmlhf sòthmfs

(B bfj L) ma 5 t`bgs `bok. Zk` whff`r bfj ruff`r-up ma `bok sòthmf wmuij em hftm b ahfbi :-t`bg rmufj rmlhf‚lut `bok t`bg wmuij tk`f piby mfiy twm th`s, fmt tkr``, lòbus` ht wmuijobrry mv`r hts somr` bebhfst tk` t`bg ht kbj piby`j hf tk` hfhthbi rmufj rmlhf. Zk` whff`r bfjruff`r-up ma `bok ahfbi rmufj rmlhf wmuij bt tk` 2850 Umrij Okbgphmfskhps hf F`w Jìkh l`

bjvbfo`j b Jhvhshmf (wkhi` tkms` ahfhskhfe hf b ibst bfj f`xt tm ibst pmshthmf k`r` wmuij l`rìèbt`j lboc b Jhvhshmf). Zkhs amrgbt g`bft tkbt, ha w` smg`kmw wmf 5 mr (wky fmthft`fshay tk` jr`bg=) bii ; ma mur th`s, tk`f bt tk` 2850 Umrij‘s w` wmuij l` pibyhfe suok tmpwmrij-oibss t`bgs bs Okhfb bfj _w`j`f.

Hfjhbf Fbthmfbi Okbgphmf Hfju

Turh `xt`fj`j ly mur BfehÀrmg O`ftr` Zbli`, Nbf-A`l, 285?

îbtcm Omrjbs

Armg 285? @urmp`bf Oup Qn`sfhc-_pbrtbous

Gbtok Trmerbg



:10

Bk, Tbfjmrb mp`f`j k`r lmx bfj Kmp` lulli`s, sprhfes ufj`rermufj hf `bok ma mur mwf suipkurmus spbs. Bebhfst Gbibyshb, Trbjht, wkms` skmuij`r kbj l``f lmtk`rhfe khg, hsahrst maa‚bfj sm (lulli`, lulli`, tmhi bfj trmuli`) w` lèhf. Ht wmuij l` T`t`r‘s pbtt`rf tm l`:-2 jmwf hf tk` 2st ebg` bigmst `v`ry gbtok. K` obf‘t whf tkhs mf` wk`f armg 25-21 tk`Gbibyshbf, T`mfe Zbc _`fe, rufs ht mut. Hf tk` <fj, T`t`r‘s up <4-25, ims`s twm strbhekt, tk`f

surprhs s T`mfe whtk b v`ry abst s`rv` jmwf tk` amr`kbfj ihf`. Ht immcs ihc` bf bo`. Lut T`mfer`turfs ht bfj T`t`r, fmt `xpòthfe tk` lbii lboc, hs tmm surprhs`j tm amiimw up. Ibt`r bt <<-<2,whtk sthii bfmtk`r okbfo`, k` ghss`s b kbfe`r....Gbibyshb 2, P_B 4 r`bjs b ihf` mf tk` ehbftsomr`lmbrj blmv`.

Lut Jbffy `v`fs tkhfes up‚l`bts Immfe T`fe _uf `bshiy. Zk` Gbibyshbf jm`sf‘ts``g tm kbv` tk` sihekt`st hj`b wkbt tm jm whtk Jbffy‘s bfth-sphf pusk bfj limoc.

J-N e`ts maa tm b lbj stbrt mppmsht` _mmfe Tbk Ubk, lut rbiih`s tm whf hf ?. Uk`f

Jbffy, whtk bii tkbt stby-bt-tk`-tbli` omftrmi, j`strmys T`mfe, tk` P._. puiis bk`bj ?-2.Trbjht omg`s lboc, ims`s hf strbhekt ebg`s tm _mmfe. T`t`r‘s Zkbh arh`fj, ’Okbrih`‗

Uuvbfhok, wkm‘s `gherbt`j tm Bustrbihb tm lòmg` tk`hr Okbgphmf, r`g`gl`rs kmw wìiT`t`r piby`j wk`f k` wbs 20. ’Bii k` jm`s hs pusk fmw,‗ sbys Okbrih`.

T`t`r k`bjs amr tk` prbotho` rmmg. K`‘s sok`jui`j tm piby tk` 8tk gbtok. Bii k` jm`s hs pusk= Kbv` H l``f immchfe bt tk`

sbg` P._. piby`r tkbt Uuvbfhokkbs l``f immchfe bt= G‘emj, wkbtw`r` tk`y ihc`‚Uuvbfhok,Trbjht, bfj \`y Jmghfem‚wk`ftk`y bii piby`j hf tkbt 281;_@BTBZZ tmurfbg`ft= Kmw

ymufe tk`y immc.

Okbrih` fmw lèhfs tm tbic blmut kmw, bat`r tk` ibst Umrij‘s, bf Bustrbihbf Z`bg ma :

g`f bfj ? wmg`f w`ft tm Nbpbf amr twm gmftks bfj kmw, prmvhj`j whtk kmsphtbihty, tkms`sbg` mr mtk`r Bustrbihbfs tmur`j E`rgbfy, _whtz`ribfj, Bustrhb, bfj Kufebry immchfe tmhgprmv` tk`hr piby. ’Bat`r ymur Z`bg hs jòhj`j ,‗ sbys Uuvbfhok, ’ht skmuij hgg`jhbtìy l`s`ft blrmbj amr trbhfhfe.‗

Zkbhibfj‘s Okbybfmfj ’Okbrih`‗ Uuvbfhok bfj’T`t`r‗ Trbjht Thvhtshrhpbcj`

Zk` Tkhihpphf`s \`y Jmghfem



:11

Bs tk` th` omfthfu`s, I`` e`ts ly Immfe, sm somr`s mur :tk whf. U` f``j mfiy mf`

gmr`.

Lut Jbffy, j`spht` whffhfe tk` <fj bt jùo` tm stby bihv`, obf‘t ahfhsk _mmfe. Ukbt

jm`s _mmfe jm vs. Jbffy tkbt tk` mtk`r Gbibyshbfs jmf‘t= Zk` <<-y`br-mij rhekty p`fkmij`r,

wkm‘j r`pr`s`ft`j Gbibyshb hf tk` Bshbf Ebg`s 5 y`brs bem, kbj l``f j`sorhl`j hf 281; bt

tk` _mutk @bst Bshb Tbohaho Br`b (_@BTBZZ) tmurfbg`ft bs bf ’bttbochfe piby`r whtk gbfyvbrh`th`s ma strmc`s,‗ bfj bs ’tk` kbrj`st khtt`r hf Gbibyshb.‗ _mg`mf` omgpibhfs tkbt Lmfe

Gm hsf‘t tbchfe bfy fmt`s. O`rtbhfiy H obf‘t tìi wkbt _mmfe‘s jmhfe. Obf _w``rhs, mur bfbiyst=

Uk`r` hs _w``rhs=

Hf tk` ;tk gbtok ht‘s lèhffhfe tm immc v`ry lbj amr us. I`` tbc`s tk` 2st, lut tk`f ims`s

tk` <fj, <:-<<. Zkbt wmuij kbv` ehv`f us tk` whf. Fmw k`‘s jmwf 28-25 hf tk` ?rj. Lmfe Gm

obigiy omfthfu`s ehvhfe khs ’gmst ombokbli ‗ puphi bjvho`‚whtk b fmj ma tk` k`bj, b wmrj, b

kbfj shefbi‚bfj H c``p yìihfe ’Ahekt, J-N! Ahekt!‗ I`` kbj survhv`j mf` rmuek gbtok bat`r

bfmtk`r tm somr` bf ufprò`j`ft`j 1tk strbhekt P._. Mp`f vhotmry. Fmw k` ahfjs b wby tm whf

bebhf‚omg`s up whtk 2-<-?-: strbhekt. P_B 0-Gbibyshb ?. Zk`s` br` suppms`jiy tk` lmttmg

twm t`bgs hf tk` _òmfj Jhvhshmf= Ukbt gust tk` mtk`rs l` ihc`=

Bs tk` tmurfbg`ft omfthfu`s, Cbghfscy, wkm‘s tbc`f tm w`brhfe b a`z bfj prmgmthfe

khgsìa whtk v`r gmr` phfs, hs r`p`bt`jiy hfvmiv`j hf b omftrmv`rsy mv`r tk` abot tkbt mur

piby`rs br`f‘t w`brhfe tk`hr fugl`rs. Bfj wky br`f‘t tk`y= Lòbus` wk`f Z`bg Gbfbe`r

\`bj j`tmur`j tm Imfjmf tm phoc up P_B ufhamrgs, k` kbj Imfjmf t.t. bahohmfbjm \mf

Orbyjmf put tk` fbg`s ma mur piby`rs hf ibre` i`tt`rs mf tk` lbocs ma tk` skhrts. Ahfbiiy

Cbghfscy omffòts whtk bf butkmrhty aheur`‚bfj tkhs g`gl`r ma tk` Umrij Okbgphmfskhp

Zòkfhobi Omgghtt`` sbys k` whii em up hftm tk` stbfjs tm s`` ha I@@ mr _@@GHII@\ mr

\ML@\Z_ br` vhshli`. Lut `v`f k`, b Xuemsibv, wkm‘s l``f s``f lushiy wmrchfe bt tk` br`fb

jby bat`r jby, wkm kbs tk` l`st ma or`j`fthbis, v`f tk` arh`fjskhp, ht ghekt l`, ma tk` Gbymr ma

_brbn`vm, obf mfiy e`t sm abr whtk tk` eubrj‚whijiy prmabf` khg mr fmt. Zk` eubrj kbs khs

mrj`rs, bfj b euf tm lboc tk`g up. T`rkbps k` tkhfcs, mr rbtk`r jm`sf‘t tkhfc, tkbt tkhs gbfghekt r`biiy l` b sfhp`r hf jhseuhs` immchfe amr nust tk` rhekt vbftbe` pmhft hf tk` fmw f`br

`gpty stbjhug tm skmmt...gbyl` `v`f _url`c.

Lut, m.c., Cbghfscy kbs gbj` khs pmhft, bfj bat`r ht‘s bebhf bii `xpibhf`j tm b f`w s`t

ma ugphr`s, w` br` r`bjy tm zhp pbst Fhe`rhb.

Bebhfst Ibss`y Uhismf, b v`t`rbf piby`r wkm‘s omg` mut ma s`gh-r`thr`g`ft, _``ghii`r

km-kug whfs tk` 2st, <2-1. Kmw hs ht pmsshli` tk`f tkbt b ihtti` ibt`r k`‘s jmwf <4-25 gbtok

pmhft= Mr tkbt, bat`r k` jùo`s ht up, k`‘s bebhf jmwf gbtok pmhft‚bfj s rv`s maa=

Fmw \ml`rts omg`s hf tm piby Lblbtufj` Mfhsbfyb wkm, hf tk` _hfei`s omgp`ththmf, hs

tm tbc` b ebg` armg Ksh @f-thfe, Okhfb‘s 2852 G`f‘s s`ghahfbihst. \mllh` pibys pr`tty wìi,

lut ims`s hf ?.

Zkhs hs fmt b emmj stbrt amr us. Amrtufbtìy, I`` omfthfu`s khs ufl`bt`f str`bc bfj

jhspms`s ma I`cbf A`fuyh, <-4.

Lut bebhf Jbffy ims`s b chii`r (<:-<<) ebg`, bfj Mlhsbfyb‘s whf pmw`rs Fhe`rhb tm b

?-2 i`bj.

Ha piby prmo``js fmrgbiiy, I`` skmuij pr`vbhi mv`r Uhismf. Lut sujj`fiy Ibss`y, wkm‘s

b abhriy kàty euy, hs rmufjhfe tk` tbli` tmwbrj J-N. K`‘s bferhiy j`gbfjhfe bf bpmimey.

Bppbr`ftiy, I`` mr Cbghfscy kbj l``f bat`r khg amr r`p`bt`jiy lmufohfe tk` lbii prhmr tm



:15

s`rvhfe (tòkfhobiiy, tkhs hs bebhfst tk` rui`s, lut H sbw gbfy ma tk` l`st piby`rs jm ht‚

Mrimwsch vs. Ksh @f-thfe, amr `xbgpi`). Uhismf kbj r`spmfj`j whtk bf ’Mk omg` maa ht!‗ Bfj

J-N kbj sbhj smg`tkhfe ihc`, ’Immc, ymu nust c``p ymur gmutk skut!‗ Ukhok r`gbrc Uhismf,

wkm H tkmuekt bt bii thg`s wbs v`ry guok b e`fti`gbf bt tk` tbli`, jhj fmt tbc` chfjiy tm.

Bfywby, tk` ugphr`s quhociy hft`rv`f`j, tk`r` wbs fm aurtk`r hft`rrupthmf, I`` wmf bs

`xpòt`j, bfj tk` piby`rs skmmc kbfjs.Hf tk` f`xt gbtok, \mllh` hs up 2-4 bfj 21-2< hf tk` <fj wk`f tk` ihekts hf tk` kbii em

mut. Uk`f k` obf s``, \mllh`, kbvhfe upp`j tk` somr` tm <4-2;, s`rv`s maa. Lut k` quhociy

omgpms`s khgsìa tm whf tk` ahfbi pmhft. P_B ?-Fhe`rhb ?.

Bat`r wkhok, tk` ihekts r`p`bt`jiy em mut bebhf, prmgpthfe Qho Ibfjbu tm sby, ’Gbyl`

mur tbli` t`ffhs hs fmwk`r` bs emmj bs Xuemsibvhb‘s, lut w` sur` imoc tk`g up whtk mur

ìòtrhobi syst`gs.‗ J`spht` tk` jhsrupthmfs I`` bfj _``ghii`r whf tk`hr f`xt gbtok`s `bshiy,

bfj w`‘r` fmt hf tk` jbrc bs tm tk` stbfjhfes. Mfiy tk` P._., Tmibfj, bfj Luiebrhb r`gbhf

ufjà`bt`j.

Fmw, wkhi` Tmibfj bfj Luiebrhb lbtti` bwby, w` ghx ht up whtk Kmfe Cmfe.

_``ghii`r mp`fs whtk b tkr``-ebg` whf mv`r Zbfe Kufe Lmr. Lut Trbjht, wkmg w`‘v`

ahfbiiy jòhj`j tm piby rbtk`r tkbf \ml`rts, hs stmpp`j bt 28 lmtk ebg`s ly Gb Iufe _bfe.

Zk` <fj pbrthouibriy kurts, amr T`t`r kbj rbiih`j armg 28-20 jmwf làmr` immphfe tkbt ibst lbii

hftm tk` f`t. P_B 2-Kmfe Cmfe 2.

J-N, ymu w`r` tkhfchfe, wbs hfvhfohli`= Uìi, k` hsf‘t‚bv`rbe`s mfiy 21 pmhfts b ebg`

hf imshfe tm Gb Okùfe Cwbh. Bfj Jbffy, jmwf 2-4 bfj <4-2; tm Gb Okùfe‘s lrmtk`r, Gb

Iufe _bfe, prmo``js tm s`rv` tk` gbtok bwby.

’J-N vs. #205‗‚tkbt‘s bii gy fmt`s sby blmut tk` f`xt mf`. Tr`tty pbtk`tho, kuk= H

r`biiy gust kbv` l``f jmwf. Bfj J-N tmm. K` emt <4 pmhfts armg Zbfe> 2? bfj 5‚fmt `v`f

`fmuek tm whf mf` ebg`. U`‘v` imst b jhsomurbehfe amur gbtok`s hf b rmw. U`r`f‘t w` bfy

l`tt`r tkbf w` w`r` twm y`brs bem=

T`t`r, tkmuek k` kbsf‘t wmf b gbtok, muekt tm l` wbrg`j up ly fmw. Hrmfhobiiy,tkmuek \mllh` wbft`j tm piby tkhs Kmfe Cmfe th`, bfj tkmuekt k` wbs emhfe tm, k`‘j hfshst`j

`brih`r tkbt T`t`r prbotho` whtk khg. K` jhjf‘t wbft khg fmt a`ìhfe pbrt ma tk` Z`bg. Bfj‚

lrbvm!‚T`t`r‘s limochfe wìi mf khs amr`kbfj, bfeihfe, khtthfe, jrmpphfe‚hf skmrt k` tbc`s

bpbrt Gb Okùfe.

J-N hs fmt kbvhfe b emmj jby. Bat`r spihtthfe tk` ahrst twm ebg`s, k`‘s jmwf <4-20 hf

tk` ?rj. ’K`‘s emf`,‗ sbys smg`lmjy f`xt tm g`. Bferhiy, H tìi khg tm ’_kut up!‗

Armg tk` lèhffhfe, bs P_ZZB Tr`shj`ft H‘v` wbft`j tk` P._. tm l` ròmefhz`j

blrmbj‚tkbt hs, wk`r` r`bi tbli` t`ffhs hs piby`j. H‘v` aìt bf hfvmiv`g`ft tkbt hs hfjhsp`fsbli

tm g`, tm gy hj`fthty. Ha H omuijf‘t r`pr`s`ft tk` Z`bg mf omurt, H wbft`j tm l` b aìt amro` maa-

omurt. Guok bs H a`ì H bg whtk gy smfs‚mf` ma tkms` emj-bwaui Ihtti` I`beu` abtk`rs, ha ymu

ihc`, b chfj ma j`gmfho rmmt`r wkm psyokhobiiy, gysthobiiy, omuij lrhfe b wbv` ma str`fetk tm

wkm`v`r khs btt`fthmf wbs gbjiy turf`j tm.

Orbzy, wbs H= ’O‘gmf, J-N!‗ H c``p yìihfe. ’Xmu obf jm ht!...Xmu obf jm ht!...Ahekt, J-

N!...Ahekt!‗ Bfj, mkkkk, ahekt, k` jm`s....Bfj bgbzhfeiy ht‘s jùo`! Bfj fmw Gb Iufe‘s s`rv`

hs tmm khek bfj J-N, bii okbre`j up, sgbocs ht hf! L`buthaui! Fm stmpphfe khg fmw. Lut‚wkbt

hf tk` Umrij‘s hs emhfe tkrmuek khs k`bj= K` s`rv`s, tk`f r`tr`bts lboc tm smat iml, mr try tm‚

bfj jm`sf‘t e`t tk` lbii bfywk`r` f`br tk` tbli`. Jùo`.



:1;

Fmw bvhohmus s`rv` bfjamiimw ly Gb. Lutw`‘r` iuocy‚Gbghss`s tk` f`br

kbfe`r tkbt wmuijwhf Kmfe Cmfetk` th`. ’Ahekt, J-N! Ahekt!‗ Zk`Bg`rhobfs br`sor`bghfe whtkkmp` bebhf. Lboc

bfj amrtk rbe`s tk`bttboc. Ahfbiiy Gbghss`s‚bfj J-N`sobp`s, <5-<0 hf

tk` ?rj.Ghrbouimusiy,

w`‘r` sthii bihv`!Nust bs hf tk`Gbibyshb th`, I``kbs omg` tkrmuekamr us. Zkbttrbhfhfe hf Aimrhjb.

Zk` eutsy gbtok hf tk` Fbthmfbi‘s hf wkhok k` wbs jmwf <-2 tm Nmmf Ehi Tbrc. Khs sìa-jhsohpihf` shfo` k`‘s l``f whtk tk` Z`bg. K`‘s wmrc`j kbrj amr khs suoo`ss. Bfj ymu obfg`bsur` khs pbst ly wkbt k`‘s jmf` hf tk` ibst shx w``cs.

Fmw, O‘GMF, Jbffy! K` ermbfs, w` gmbf, wk`f, up 5-1 bebhfst Gb Okùfe, k`s`rv`s fmt mf` maa lut twm hf b rmw! K` ermbfs, w` gmbf, wk`f, up 2<-;, k` obf‘t jm bfy l`tt`r tkbf 2?-bii...Lut k`‘s emt khg, fm omft`st, k`‘s emt khg!

Bfj fmw T`t`r nust OBF‘Z ims` tm Zbfe. Fm gbtt`r k`‘s bj jmwf hf tk` 2st, fm gbtt`r ht‘s 2;-bii tk` <fj. K`‘s emt tmm guok kugbfhty‚k` obf‘t i`t bii ma us jmwf. Fm gbtt`r k` imsttkms` lèhffhfe gbtok`s‚k` wmf tk` mf` tkbt stmpp`j mur amur-gbtok sihj`. Bfj k`‘ii whftkhs mf` tmm, H‘g sur` k` whii. Bfj k` jm`s. P_B 0-Kmfe Cmfe :.

Zm omfthfu` mur ufjà`bt`j str`bc, Cbghfscy kbs tm jòhj` wkm tm piby bebhfstObfbjb. \mllh` wbs biwbys r`bjy tm piby‚k` tkmuekt Cbghfscy kbj gbj` b ghstbc` hf fmt

tbchfe bjvbftbe` ma khs jà`fshv` styi` bebhfst Kmfe Cmfe. Fmw, kmw`v`r, Lml r`bsmf`j, bfjtk` mtk`rs k` omfsuit`j ber``j, tkbt tk`r` wbs fm bjvbftbe` pibyhfe \mllh` bebhfst `htk`r

jà`fj`r J`r`c Ubii mr bttboc`r @rrmi Ob`tbfm, bfj tkbt ht wmuij prmlbliy l` l`tt`r tm pibykhg bebhfst Tmibfj mr Luiebrhb. Bs amr Luch`t, omuij k` l` b s`rhmus pmsshlhihty= _mg`lmjykbj l``f chjjhfe 0:-y`br-mij L`rfh` mfo` tmm mat`f blmut kmw imfe k`‘s l``f pibyhfe sm wìi.’Emjjbgght,‗ k` sbys, ’H skmuij jh` lòbus` H‘g mij=‗

Bs tk` whftry jby wmr` mf, mur Z`bg I`bj`r emt tm i`bfhfe mv`r khs g`jbis bfj,rìyhfe mf khs \usshbf k`rhtbe`, lèbf tm tkhfc....Blmut Ahìj Gbrskbii Cutuzmv bfj Fbpmi`mf‚bfj mf` ma tkms 2;2< Omufohi G``thfes bt Lmrmjhfm mr smg`pibo`. Muekt w` (2)tm bttboc whtk mur auii amro` mr (<) r`tr`bt omgpi`tìy armg Gmsomw mr (?) ahekt b skmrt lbtti`

J-N I`` l`hfe omferbtuibt`j mf b ghrbouimus omg`lboc ly (armft tm lboc)

Lmfe-Gm I``, T`t`r Trbjht, Jbffy _``ghii`r bfj Nmkf \`bj



:18

bfj tk`f strbtèhobiiy r`tr`bt= Kbvhfe prmgmt`j khgsìa (bs smg`tkhfe ma b ihfeuhst, k` wbs

omffòthfe whtk tk` Umrij‘s @urmp`bf omggbfj`rs‚maahohbis/ombok`s), Cutuz...Cbghfscy, bswbs khs l`ft, omfthfu`j tm puzzi` mv`r wkbt tm `xpòt armg tk` mppmshthmf bfj kmw k` skmuijr`spmfj. _kmuij k` jm tk` `xpòt`j, mr tk` uf`xpòt`j tkhfe= (Zbchfe hftm omfshj`rbthmf, tmm,tkbt tk` Obfbjhbfs wmuij fmt l` ahìjhfe b Ar`fokgbf, mr v`f b Ar`fok-sp`bchfe Obfbjhbf=)

Ukm, ahfbiiy, whtk bii tkhs jìhl`rbthmf, wmuij mur Obptbhf piby= \mllh` bfj L`rfh` omuijkbrjiy wbht tm ahfj mut.Zk`r` mf omurt amr mur :tk whf‚b ahf` obgpbhef‚w`r` I``, _``ghii`r, bfj Trbjht.

Lut w` w`r` mut tk`r` mfiy amr b skmrt 0-2 wkhi`. Bat`r _``ghii`r imst tm Ob`tbfm, k` tmmc mutkhs arustrbthmf mf ymufe Tbui Ci`vhfbs. Tbui‘s abtk`r, bt mjjs whtk maahohbijmg, kbj tbc`f khssmf mut ma tk` Pfj`r 25 ahfbi bt mur P._. Mp`f, lut kbj i`t khg omg` tm _brbn`vm‚tm kbv`gmr` f`w `xp`rh`fo`s, fm jmult. _m mf ahr` wbs Jbffy tkbt‚`f ebrj`‚k` kbj pmmr Tbui 25-

4 mf` ebg` bfj stuoc ht tm khg <2-2. Tbui‘s t`bggbt`s w`r` @rrmi Ob`tbfm, J`r`c Ubii, IbrryI``, bfj T`t`r Emfjb. Zkhs t`bg, whtk Bjkbg _kbrbrb bs Obptbhf, ahfhsk`j <:tk.

Bt tkhs pmhft, w` kbj twm gmr` th`s tm whf tm ehv` us b okbfo` tm qubihay amr tk` AhrstJhvhshmf, lut Gmrt ^bcbrhf bfj H bebhf kbj tm i`bv` tk` br`fb amr b wkhi` bfj tbc` up mur HZZA

juth`s. Zk`r` kbj bpp`br`j hf _brbn`vm b ermup wkm wbft`j tm stbrt b Umrij Trma`sshmfbi

ZZB tkbt wmuij wmrc kbfj hf eimv` whtk tk` HZZA bfj hts g`gl`r-bssmohbthmfs. BitkmuekH wbs sur` tkhs ermup wmuijf‘t e`t bfy ommp`rbthmf armg tk` HZZA, H ihc`j tk`hr piby-amr- pby omfo`pt, amr H tkmuekt tkbt tk` HMO prm/bgbtùr jhsthfothmf tkbt tk` HZZA wbs emhfebimfe whtk‚tk` whff`r ma bf Mp`f tmurfbg`ft omuij fmt rò`hv` gmr` tkbf tk``quhvbi`ft ma 2<04 _whss arbfos (mr blmut $??4)‚wbs rhjhouimus. Ukbt H sbhj tm HZZATr`shj`ft \my @vbfs bfj tk` Omfer`ss H‘ii put i`ss amrgbiiy tkhs wby. Hf tk` P._., ha fmt

ìs`wk`r`, Gmf`y tbics (sm guok sm tkbt mtk`rs obf‘t e`t b wmrj hf `je`whs`). U` f``j tm’luy‗ Tr`ss spbo`, tm luhij up k`rm aheur`s, tm gbc` tk` _pmrt eibgmrmus, tm gbc` htcfmwf tm bujh`fo`s hf `v`ry stbt`, ha `v`r tk` _pmrt hs tm ermw hf ar``, omgp`ththv`,

omgg`rohbi Bg`rhob.Ma omurs` tk` HZZA r`luttbi wbs tkhs> _m gbfy Bssmohbthmfs w`r` l`hfe aufj`j ly

Miygpho Omgghtt``s tkbt ha `bok w`r` tm try tm gbc` khs Bssmohbthmf smg`tkhfe i`ss tkbf bf

bgbtùr mf`, pbrthouibriy bs tk` HZZA wbs sthii biwbys immchfe hftm tk` pmsshlhihty ma nmhfhfe tk`HMO, ht wmuij l` b v`ry jbfe`rmus tkhfe hfj``j. Jhj mtk`r HZZA g`gl`r-omuftrh`s wbft tmsuppmrt tk` P._. pmshthmf= Hf b rmii obii vmt`, mfiy 24-20% ma tk`g w`r` whiihfe tm okbfe` mr gmjhay tk` xhsthfe rui`‚bgmfe tk`g, _w`j`f, @feibfj, bfj _mutk Cmr`b.

Gr. Chg, tk` _mutk Cmr`bf jìèbt`, wbs quht` put mut tkbt tk` Omufohi kbjròmgg`fj`j tm bffui ròmefhthmf ma tk` Zbli` Z`ffhs A`j`rbthmf ma Bshb bs b omfthf`ftbi

lmjy hf abvmr ma tk` Okhfb-suppmrt`j f`wiy-amrg`j Bshbf Zbli` Z ffhs Pfhmf, wkhok kbj tkòmfsthtuthmfbi v`tm oibus` tkbt f`w bppihobthmfs amr g`gl`rskhp kbj tm l` bpprmv`j

ufbfhgmusiy ly tkms` bir`bjy hf tk` Pfhmf. Gr. Chg r`bihz`j kmw khekiy w` tkmuekt ma mur _`mui lrmtk`rs, Jbi Nmmf I`` bfj Lmfe Gm I``, bfj ure`j us tm omfahrg tkhs lrmtk`rkmmj.Ukhok Gmrt bfj H jhj whtk mur jhss`fthfe (lut rbtk`r g`bfhfei`ss) vmt`s.

Cbghfscy, rhschfe \mllh`‘s vh`w tkbt khs Z`bg I`bj`r wbs r`p`bt`jiy l`hfe

pr`nujhohbi, omfthfu`j tm piby I``, _``ghii r, bfj Trbjht. Bfj omfthfu`j tm whf whtk tk`g.Bebhfst Tmibfj, I`` bfj _``ghii`r wmf twm, bfj Trbjht mf` amr b 0-< omglhf`j Z`bg àamrt.J-N spiht khs mfiy twm oims ebg`s‚imst <0-<?, wmf <2-28, wkhi` Jbffy kìj <4, 28 strmfebebhfst ehgpy-ièe`j _tbfhsibw Arbozyc.



:54

Luiebrhb w` l`bt 0-?‚whtk I`` bfj _``ghii`r bebhf whffhfe twm, bfj Trbjht mf`. Uòmuij bshiy kbv` imst tkhs th` tkmuek, amr hf lhe swhfe gbtok`s I`` l`bt Lmnhjbr E`ftok`v 28, -

<4, 21 bfj _tàbf Chtmv <2, <43 bfj _``ghii`r jmwf`j E`ftok`v 28, -<<, 5 bfj, hf bgbrvìmusiy oihgbotho ;tk gbtok, Chtmv, jùo` hf tk` ?rj.

_urprhshfeiy, Gbibyshb, wkm‘j hfhthbiiy nmhf`j us hf l`hfe ì`vbt`j armg tk` Zkhrj tm tk`

_òmfj Jhvhshmf, ahfhsk`j sòmfj tm mur ahrst hf tkhs eruìhfe 5-t`bg rmufj rmlhf, bfj smbjvbfo`j whtk us tm g``t J`fgbrc bfj \ugbfhb hf th`s tkbt wmuij jòhj` tk` whff`r bfjruff`r-up t`bgs tkbt hf ‛50 hf F`w Jìkh‚ht s``g`j Zbn Gbkbi/gbeho-obrp`t wmfj`raui‚

wmuij rhs` tm g``t tk` stbrs._hfo` mur whf mv`r Gbibyshb wmuij obrry mv`r hf tkhs :-t`bg gbtok-up, w` tkhfc, ’_m

gbfy oims` th`s w`‘v` kbj bfj kbv` wmf tk`g bii. Obf w` whf nust mf` gmr`=‗ Gmrt bfj Hjòhj` w` gust l` pr`pbr`j, gust pibf b fho` pbrty amr tk` Z`bg bfj hts wìi-whsk`rs.

\`bjy= K`r` w` em.Bebhfst J`fgbrc, _``ghii`r, wkm‘s lèhffhfe tm immc b ihtti` f`rvmus tm g`‚mr gbyl`

ht‘s tk` mtk`r wby rmufj‚ims`s tk` ahrst gbtok tm Jbfhsk Okbgphmf Fhìs \bgl`re wk`f kòbf‘t quht` jùo` tk` <fj ebg`.

Zk`f I``, jmwf 2-4, lut up <4-21 hf tk` <fj mf Lnbrf` Erhgstrup, jrmps : hf brmw...‗AHEKZ, J-N! AHEKZ!‗ Bfj k` jm`s‚bebhf. Bfj whfs ht. Bt 0-bii hf tk` ?rj, Erhgstrups`rv`s maa bfj, skbc`f, hgg`jhbtìy s`rv`s maa bebhf....Bt <4-bii, k` jm`sf‘t s`rv` maa, lut, lmy,kmw k` gust whsk k` kbj tkms` twm ghss`rv`s lboc. ’AHEKZ, J-N!... UBX ZM EM, J-N!‗

Bgbzhfe. Kmw gbfy oims` gbtok`s k`‘s wmf, w`‘v` wmf. Fmw ht‘s Trbjht vs. tk` l`brj`j Oibus T`j`rs`f wkm, hf tk` rò`ft Fmrwhok Pfhmf

Mp`f, l`bt lmtk ma @feibfj‘s stbrs, J`fhs F`bi` bfj Zr`vmr Zbyimr. Mkk, T`t`r stbrts sm lbjiy.Kmw obf k` whf wk`f k` spmts tk`s` emmj piby`rs ? mr : pmhfts b ebg`. Fm, y`s, fm, ht

J-N l`bts Luiebrhb‘s Chtmv, <2,<4, whtk er`bt `fomurbe`g`ft armg khs suppmrt`rsTkmtms ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



:52

jm`sf‘t immc emmj amr us. Hf tk` ?rj, T`t`r‘s jmwf 20-5. Zk`f 28-2<. ’O‘gmf, T`t`r. Ahekt!‗<4-20. ’O‘gmf, T`t`r! Xmu obf jm ht, T`t`r! Xmu obf jm ht!‗ <4-25. ’XMP OBF JM HZ,T@Z@\! <4-28. O‘GMF, T@Z@\, JM HZ! XMP OBF JM HZ!‗ Jùo`! ’Ht‘s b ghrboi`,‗smg`mf` smg`wk`r` brmufj g` sbys. ’XMP OBF JM HZ, T@Z@\!‗

Trbjht‘s bj bfj s`rv`. Bfj tk`f tk`r`‘s tkbt sbg` abst s`rv` jmwf tk` amr`kbfj ihf` k`

us`j lboc bebhfst Gbibyshb ht s``gs b imfe thg` bem. Armg gy pmshthmf jhròtiy l`khfj tk`tbli`, H‘g blmut tm i`bp whtk nmy. H jmf‘t s`` kmw tk` Jbf` obf `v`f e`t khs rboc`t mf tk` lbii.Ht‘s b sur` bo`, b sur` whff`r, b sur` ebg`, b sur` gbtok, bfj gbyl` tk` mf` tkbt whfs tk` th`.Lut‚bfmtk`r ghrboi ‚T`j`rs`f smg`kmw r`bok`s wby brmufj jmwf bfj lrhfes ht lboc.Khek‚lut Trbjht obf‘t lìh`v` ht `htk`r. K` nust lbrìy c``ps tk` lbii hf piby k`‘s sm surprhs`j,bfj T`j`rs`f hs lboc hf tk` pmhft, tk` ebg`, tk` gbtok. Bfj, sbjiy, wkbt hs tk`r` tm sby bat`r biitk` k`brt T`t`r skmw`j= K` ims`s tk` f`xt tkr`` pmhfts.

Lut ymu‘v` emt tm c``p tryhfe‚c``p kmphfe. J-N‘s lboc bebhf. Immcs tm kbv` tkhfeswìi hf kbfj bebhfst \bgl`re, hs up <4-20. Lut tk`f k` ims`s 0 hf b rmw. ’AHEKZ, J-N!AHEKZ!‗ K` jm`s. K` whfs. Lut hf tk` <fj, bat`r k`‘s up <4-2; gbtok pmhft, smg` f`ts emwrmfe amr khg, bfj k` ims`s tkhs ebg` <?-<2. _m gbfy I``s k`r`‚tk` l`st armg tk`hr

omuftrh`s‚sm kmw obf k` c``p whffhfe bii tk` oims` mf`s= Lut, lrbvm, hf tk` ?rj, k`‘s bk`bj21-24. Zk`f ims`s 1 hf b rmw. ’AHEKZ, J-N! AHEKZ! 2;-bii. AHEKZ! AHEKZ, J-N!‗ K`‘s <4-

28 up. H kbv`f‘t bfy hj`b wkbt Lmfe Gm hs tìihfe khg mr shefbihfe khg tm jm. Lut H cfmw J-Nbiwbys immcs bt khg, wbfts khs kìp. _m k`‘s emt tm kbv` piby`j smg` hgpmrtbft pbrt hf bii J-N‘s j`bj-`v`f whfs. ’MF@ GM\@, J-N‚AHEKZ!‗ K` jm`s. K` whfs. Hfor`jhli`. P_B <-J`fgbrc <.

Abo`j whtk T`j`rs`f, _``ghii`r‘s tk` ufj`rjme. Gbyl` tkbt rìh`v`s smg` ma tk` pr`ssur` mf Jbffy. Lut tkmuek k` tbc`s tk` 2st bt 21, k`‘s smmf pbsshvìy limochfe skmts k`

muekt tm try tm bttboc bfj, hf imshfe, obf‘t bv`rbe` gmr` tkbf 24 pmhfts b ebg`. Fmw Trbjht pibys Erhgstrup. Zkhs hs bfmtk r abftbstho gbtok. ZQ p`mpi` br` pmchfe

tk`hr obg`rbs bii mv`r tk` pibo`. H tìi tk`g tm e`t tk` kìi mut. H bg b ihtti` whij. T`t`r hs wby

jmwf hf tk` ?rj. Lut H cfmw k` kbs k`brt, kbs smui. ’Omg` mf, T`t`r! Jm ht!‗ H wbft tm sby,’Omg` mf, T`t`r, ymu obf jm ht! Xmu obf jm ht!‗ Lut tkbt‘s wkbt H‘j yìi`j ibst thg` bii tk` wbyup bfj k` imst. _m fmw H tkhfc orbzhiy tkbt wkbt H c``p kypfmthobiiy skmuthfe gust l` blmut tk`

sbg` bs ibst thg` lut b ihtti` jhaa`r`ft‚H‘g hfsthfothvìy immchfe amr b okbft, bf mg, b gbftrb,smg`tkhfe gbehobi. X`t fmt jhstrbothfe.

H abii lboc mf ’O‘GMF, T@Z@\! JM HZ! JM HZ, T@Z@\!‗ H jmf‘t cfmw kmw abr k`wbs jmwf. H omuij fm gmr` tbc` b fmt` tkbf r`bj. Lut ht gust kbv` l``f smg`tkhfe ihc` 25-;.Bfj H ok``r`j bii tk` wby bfj wmrc`j gysìa hftm suok b stbt` tkbt H r`biiy tkmuekt tk`r` wbssmg`tkhfe gysthobi, smg`tkhfe amr b gmg`ft ma tk` abrbwby hj`bi hf tkhs omrrupt wmrij ma

Jm`s bfytkhfe gbtt`r= Uk`f k` wmf H kbj t`brs hf gy `y`s‚ihc` H wbs mut ma tkbt jbrc fhektma tk` smui bfj skhfhfe smg`pibo` whtk T`t`r.

Ht‘s J-N‘s turf bebhf. U`‘r` ?-?. Omuij kbv` l``f :-<. Lut tk` th` omuij kbv` l``f mv`r tmm. J-N gust l` e`tthfe v`ry thr`j. Uìi, ht‘s nust bf bstmfhskhfe th`. Hfor`jhli`. Zk` gmsthfor`jhli` H‘v` `v`r p`rsmfbiiy l``f omffòt`j whtk, amr J-N hs bebhf bt jùo` hf tk` ?rj. Mfiy,ahfbiiy, tk` Lbibfo` ma Fbtur` obtok`s up whtk khg, whtk us. Zkhs oims` mf`‚bebhf bat`r bf bii-

mut àamrt‚k` jm`sf‘t whf.Bfj Trbjht obf‘t omg` lboc armg tk` j`bj bebhf.Mf` okbfo` emf`. Lut w`‘v` sthii emt bfmtk`r‚bebhfst \ugbfhb wkm, bat`r l`bthfe

J`fgbrc, imst tm Gbibyshb....



:5<

_bg` thg`, sbg` _pmrt-_url`c tbli`, lut b jhaa`r`ft jby‚bat`r b liboc fhekt ma kmpàmr us bii. H a`ì lbjiy \mllh`‘s fmt e`tthfe b okbfo` tm piby‚lut H gysìa bg fmt omgghtt`j tmtk` abot tkbt w` gust piby khg. Hf abot, fmw H‘g barbhj k` ghekt l` tmm omij. Bfj, l`shj`s,wkm wmuij w` tbc` mut= Trbjht bfj I`` obf‘t ehv` bfy gmr` tkbf tk`y‘v` l``f ehvhfe. BfjJbffy hs ymufe bfj strmfe bfj beer`sshv` bt tk` tbli`‚bfj bfymf` omghfe up bebhfst khg,

khs òo`ftrho ’whfjmw-whp`r‗ erhp, amr tk` ahrst thg` hs bpt tm ahfj pibyhfe khg jhsomfo`rthfe.H suee`st tm E`f`rbi Cbghfscy, tkmuek, tkbt, hfst`bj ma mp`fhfe whtk Jbffy, w` emwhtk T`t`r. Zry tm e`t khg maa tm b emmj stbrt. Ubrg khg up mf tk` prbotho` tbli`, tk`f lrhfekhg rhekt hftm tk` omurt. Bfj tkhs hs `xbotiy wkbt w` jm. Bfj ht wmrcs `xtr`gìy wìi. @brih`r,T`t`r‘s maa`r`j tm sht mut bfj i`t \mllh` piby tkhs th`, lut wk`f tkbt obf‘t kbpp`f, k` kbsf‘t bfy prmli`g whtk omgghtg`ft, kbs khs k`bj hftm pibyhfe, bfj omg`s mut whtk b omfo`ftrbt jaiurry. K` mv`rwkìgs Z`mjmr Ek`mrek` tk` 2st ebg`‚tkbt sbg` ’Jmru‗ Ek`mrek` wkm,

gmr` tkbf b qubrt`r-o`ftury ibt`r, wmuij turf up bs 2888‘s P_BZZ Ombok ma tk` X`br, bfjtk`f bs mur Bssmohbthmf‘s @xòuthv` Jhròtmr!

Bfj tk`f mf` ma tkms` orbzy, okbfo` tkhfes kbpp`fs hf tkhs khstmrho ohty wk`r` bigmst14 y`brs bem b f`br bfmfygmus ymufe gbf bssbsshfbt`j Brokjuc` A`rjhfbfj‚bfj stbrt j b

wbr. Mf` ma tk` ugphr`s sujj`fiy fmtho`s tkbt T`t`r hs pibyhfe hf khs trboc pbfts (bs, ht smkbpp`fs, k` kbs `v`ry gbtok amr ahv` jbys) bfj wbfts khg tm tbc` tk`g maa. Zk` ugphr` s``gs

pbrthouibriy omfo`rf`j whtk wkbt ghekt l` b jhstrbothfe strhp` mf tk`s` pbfts. @v`rylmjy mfmur l`fok hs aurhmus‚lut ma omurs` tk` gmr` w` `xoht`jiy breu` bfj try tm e`t b ièhthgbt`ruihfe mf wk`tk`r k` obf w`br bfy trboc pbfts bt bii, tk` i`ss w` br` ufj`rstmmj. Lmtk Jmue_t`wbrt bfj E`mre` Lul`f aìt Cbghfscy mv`r-r`bot`j, wbs hfsuithfe, bfj tk`y w`r``glbrrbss`j. Lut tkhs gbtok wbs jm mr jh` amr us. T`t`r jm`sf‘t kbv` bfy skmrts mfufj`rf`btk‚mr, amr bii H cfmw, bfy ufj`rw`br `htk`r, sm k` nust obf‘t tbc` tk`g maa tk`f bfj

tk`r`.

P._. bfj \ugbfhbf r`pr`s`ftbthv`s whtk Xuemsibv maahohbis jhsousshfe wk tk`r T t r Trbjht obf piby hf khs trboc pbftsTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



:5?

Bs I`` rufs amr b Cmr`bf piby`r‘s fm-strhp` nugpsuht, bfj Trbjht em`s maa tm okbfe`hftm skmrts, tk`r` hs tbic ma kmw b gbtok gust l` stbrt`j mv`r bat`r b o`rtbhf fugl`r ma ghfut`s‚ghfut`s tkbt smmf s``g tm g` tm l` tmm quhociy pbsshfe. Mf T`t`r‘s r`turf‚k`‘s hfskmrts fmw‚k`‘s kurrh`j mut tm tk` tbli` (obf‘t ims` tkbt ebg`-up i`bj!), bfj, k`bj r`bjy mr fmt, r`sug`s piby. Lut ht‘s bs ha k` bfj tk` Z`bg k` r`pr`s`fts kbv` l``f euff`j jmwf ly

smg` ufcfmwf bssbhibft. Zk` tmuok T`t`r kbj, tk` thghfe‚mf wkhok khs bfeuibr bttbochfeebg` hs sm j`p`fj`ft‚hs emf`.Uk`f k` ims`s tk` <fj ebg`, w` br` bfe`r`j `fmuek tm j`gbfj tkbt tk` ugphr` l`

r`gmv`j mf tk` ermufjs tkbt k`‘s hfomgp`t`ft‚mur breug`ft l`hfe tkbt k` skmuij kbv` s``f làmr` tk` gbtok stbrt`j tkbt T`t`r wbs w`brhfe tkhs hiièbi strhp`‚mr tkbt, wmrs`, k`‘s pr`nujho`j hf abvmr ma tk` \ugbfhbfs. Ukhok r biiy wbs bwaui ma us, H tkhfc fmw. Mur j`gbfjobus`s gmr` ma b kbssi` lòbus` ma omurs` tk` \ugbfhbf Obptbhf mlnòts. Uk`rùpmf H mlnòt

tm tk` abot tkbt khs piby`rs br` hiièbiiy prbothohfe mf bf bjnbo`ft tbli` rbtk`r tkbf hf tk` prbotho` rmmg. T`tty, p`tty. Ahfbiiy tk` ugphr s piby b ihtti ebg` ma gushobi okbhrs, bfj Trbjhtem`s mf tm somr` nust ; pmhfts hf tk` ?rj.

Lmfe Gm kbs gbj` tk` pmhft tkbt bat`r _``ghii`r‚mr I`` mr Trbjht‚s`rv`s, k` kbs b

t`fj`foy tm ar``z`, tm ufomfsohmusiy kmp` tkbt tk` piby`r whii ghss. Zru` mr fmt, bebhfst JmrhfEhurehuob, tk` whij, whfj-up immp`r turf`j okmpp`r, Jbffy‘s bt jùo` hf tk` 2st, lut obf‘t whf

ht‚mr tk` f`xt.Bfj, wmw, br` w` kbvhfe b psyokmimehobi i`t jmwf, bfj armg nust mf` luii`t. Bebhfst

_`rlbf Jmlmsh, I``‘s bt jùo` hf tk` 2st, lut obf‘t whf ht‚mr tk` f`xt.Ek`mrek` tk`f rmuts b j`gmrbihz`j _``ghii`r. Bfj bt tk` v`ry `fj, whtk tk` P._. jmwf

:-4, Trbjht, l`khfj 2-4 tm Jmlmsh, hs sthii ebgìy tryhfe‚lut ims`stkbt <fj ebg` bt jùo`.

_m, wìi...wkbt gmr` obf H sby= H‘v` fm r`bi rèr`ts.Cbghfscy, H tkmuekt, jhj b sup`r nml bs Z`bg Obptbhf bfjHft`rfbthmfbi Okbhr. Bfj tk`r` w`r` gmstiy v`ry emmj vhl`s

bgmfe tk` Z`bg bfj tk`hr suppmrt`rs. \mllh`, fbturbiiy, wbsjhsbppmhft`j bfj kurt tkbt k` piby`j mfiy mf` gbtok (’Ukbt bgH, b gbsomt=‗‚tkbt wbs b ihf` k` rhpp`j mut mfo`, prhvbtìy).

Bfj, tkmuek k` wmuij wrht` b i`fetky brthoi` (ZZZ , Gby-Nuf`,285?, :4) v`fthfe khs a`ìhfes bfj booushfe Cbghfscy ma l`hfe pr`nujho`j, k` biwbys obg` bfj rmmt`j amr tk` Z bg bfj ht wbssmg`tkhfe k` wbft`j tm jm, fm mf` gbj` khg jm ht. Bfj L`rfh`biwbys rmmt`j tmm. _m, ehv`f mur er`bt àamrt, bfj tk` abot tkbtw`‘j omg` sm f`br tm tbchfe mur pibo` bgmfe tk` _pmrt‘s ìht`, H

wbs v`ry prmuj ma `v`rymf`.

\mllh` tkmuekt Obptbhf

Cbghfscy pr`nujho`j




:5:

Okbpt`r Zkhrty-_hx

285?> _brbn`vm> _wbytkihfe bfj Omrlhiimf Oup Tiby.

Bs Tr`shj`ft ma tk` P_ZZB, H wbs hft`ft mf amiimwhfe tk` prmer`ss ma, bfj hft`fs`

blmut rmmthfe amr, mur P._. Z`bgs‚`spòhbiiy tk` G`f‘s Z`bg, amr, tkmuek tk`y ahfhsk`j 25tk(bs mppms`j tm <;tk hf ‛52), tk`y obg` whtkhf mf` v`ry oimsìy-omft`st`j th` ma l`hfe ì`vbt`jtm tk` Ahrst Jhvhshmf. _uok bf bjvbfo`g`ft wbs v`ry hgpmrtbft tm g`, amr H wbft`j tm hgprmv`tk` Hgbe` ma P_B tbli` t`ffhs, wbft`j tkms` hf tk` r`bi wmrij ma tk` _pmrt tm tbc` uss`rhmusiy‚bfj sm lboc kmg` H wmuij okbgphmf lmtk tk` omghfe ma hft`rfbthmfbi piby`rs tmmur P._. Mp`f bfj bf hfor`bs` hf prhz`-gmf`y bt mur tmurfbg`fts. Zkmuek H wmuij smg`thg`s put hf 20-kmur jbys bt tk` pibyhfe kbii, bfj bism lòbus` H wmuij kbv` tm l` bwby armg tk` kbii

amr smg` omfshj`rbli` thg` btt`fjhfe HZZA G``thfes, H nust omuijf‘t omv`r, mr biwbys e`tsmg`mf` tm omv`r, gbfy hgpmrtbft gbtok`s. Mf` `v`ft tkbt iboc`j tk` omv`rbe` H wmuij ihc`tm kbv` ehv`f ht wbs tk` :4-t`bg Umg`f‘s Oup piby, pbrthouibriy tk` Okbgphmfskhp piby.Kmw`v`r, i`t g` bt i`bst sby smg`tkhfe blmut tk` r`suits ma tk`s` th`s.

Omrlhiimf Oup

Hf gy ibst Okbpt`r, H hfjhobt`j kmw tk` P._. Umg`f‘sZ`bg, bat`r omgp`thfe hf tk` _òmfj Jhvhshmf, obg` tm l` rbfc`jUmrij # 2;. Fmw H‘g emhfe tm lrhàiy omfo`rf gysìa whtk tkÀhrst Jhvhshmf t`bgs tk`mr`thobiiy hf omft`fthmf amr tk` thti`. Zkàmrgbt amr okmmshfe bfj s`pbrbthfe tk`s` 2: t`bgs wmuij l` tk`sbg` amr lmtk Omrlhiimf bfj _wbytkihfe Oup piby.

Zk` jrbw wbs lbs`j mf tk` stbfjhfes armg tk` ‛52 Fbemyb Umrij‘s. Jà`fjhfe Okbgphmf Nbpbf wbs s``j`j #2 bfjruff`r-up Okhfb #<. Hftm tk`s` mppmsht` kbiv`s wmuij l` aihpp`j

#? bfj #:, #0 bfj #1, #5 bfj #;, bfj sm mf, sm tkbt tk`r`‘j l`s`v`f t`bgs hf twm qubiiy lbibfo`j Ermups‚2B bfj 2L.Xuemsibvhb, wkm‘j fmt ahìj`j b Umg`f‘s Z`bg hf Fbemyb, amufj

b pibo` hf Ermup L wk`f, omfv`fh`ftiy, ibst y`br‘s #2<Obglmjhbf t`bg jhjf‘t omg` tm _brbn`vm.

Ht wbs quhociy bppbr`ft tkbt tk` w`bc t`bgs hf Ermup B w`r` Bustrhb (tk`y wmuijahfhsk 4-1, whffhfe 2 gbtok mut ma 28) bfj Hfjmf`shb (2-0, whffhfe : gbtok`s mut ma <<). HfErmup L, tk` w`bc t`bgs w`r` Arbfo`, wkmg tk` P._. kbj imst tm hf ‛52 (2-0, whffhfe 0gbtok`s mut ma <4), bfj Xuemsibvhb (2-0, whffhfe 1 gbtok`s mut ma <:).

Zk` mfiy surprhs` hfvmivhfe tk`s` fmf-omft`fj`rs wbs wk`f Xuemsibv Fbthmfbi OkbgpGhrnbf \`si`r ups`t _w`j`f‘s Fbthmfbi Okbgp Lhrehttb \bjl`re bfj amro`j tk` _w`j`f-

Xuemsibvhb th` hftm tk` 0tk. (Bs H‘j g`fthmf`j ibst thg`, mur Tbtty Gbrthf`z hf b prbotho` gbtokkbj \`si`r jmwf 2-4 bfj 20-0 hf tk` <fj làmr` biimwhfe k`r tm `sobp`.)

Botubiiy, tk` mfiy mtk`r th` hf bii tk`s` hfhthbi rmufj rmlhf gbtok`s tkbt w`ft hftm tk` 0tkwbs hf Ermup B wk`f Kufebry, tk` 8tk-s``j`j t`bg, jmwf`j tk` 2818 Okbgphmfs, tk`

P__\‚b lhe whf, amr ht biimw`j tk` Kufebrhbfs tm nmhf ufjà`bt`j Nbpbf amr b pibo` hf tkàmur-t`bg ahfbi.

Pfamrtufbtìy, tk`s` ibst rmufj rmlhfs w`r` fmt sm oihgbotho lòbus` nust bs mutoibss`jKufebry kbj tm obrry mv`r hts imss tm Nbpbf, sm, armg Ermup L, jhj Okhfb kbv` tm obrry mv`r hts



:50

?-2 imss tm tk` whffhfe _mutk Cmr`bf t`bg. _hfo` tk` Nbpbf`s`, tmm, w`r` l`bt`f ?-2 ly tk`Cmr`bfs, tk`hr ?-< imss tm Okhfb jhj fmt, bimf`, j`vbstbthfeiy c``p tk`g armg b r`p`bt whf.Lut Okhfb‘s r`tbihbthmf, lèuf k`r` amr tk` imss ht suaa`r`j hf tk` ‛52 ahfbi tm Nbpbf, wmuij l`g`rohi`ss‚tk` ihj wmuij l` oims`j mf tk` vhothg, tk` omaahf imw`r`j, bfj tk`r` wmuij l`jbrcf`ss amr tk` r`st ma tk` o`ftury bfj l`ymfj.

Zk` _mutk Cmr`bfs, ma omurs`, `fnmy`j tk`gmg`ft‚wìi, bfywby, bii ma tk`g lut tk`hr thtuibr fmf- pibyhfe Obptbhf, mf`, Hfsmmc Fb, ibt r Lkuskbf, 22-thg`P._. Fbthmfbi Okbgphmf, wkm, jhs`fokbft`j bt fmt l`hfebli` tm piby amr tkhs Z`bg sk` aìt sk` j`s`rv`j tm piby amr,wmuij smmf `gherbt` tm piby amr bfmtk`r.* Lut, bs Khstmrywhii skmw, _mutk Cmr`b hf Umrij‘s tm omg`, whii lmw tm

tk` Okhf`s`, suaa`r tk` sbg` abt` bs Nbpbf. Zwm ma tk`hr stbiwbrts k`r`, Okufe Kyuf _mmc, bfj Chg _mmf Mc,wmuij em mf tm whf P._. Mp`fs. Lut _mutk Cmr`b wmuij l` ahfhsk`j amr tk` ghii`ffhug bs Umrij

Okbgphmfs...`xo`pt amr tkbt strbfe` pmihthobi gmg`ft hf‛82 wk`f tk`y wmuij ufht` whtk‚rbtk`r sby, gmg`ftbrhiy

nmhf whtk‚tk` Fmrtk Cmr`bfs tm tbc` tk` whff`r‘strmpky...wk`r`=

_wbytkihfe OupUhtk rèbrj tm

_wbytkihfe Oup piby, H‘ii

amous `xt`fshvìy k`r` mftk` 2: Ahrst Jhvhshmf t`bgs tkbt, bs hf tk` Omrlhiimf Oup, w`r`jhvhj`j hftm B bfj L ermups. Hf tk` B Ermup, hf rbfchfe mrj`r,

w`r` Okhfb, _w`j`f, Kufebry, _mutk Cmr`b, Hfjhb, Hfjmf`shb,bfj Bustrhb. H wbs tmij tkbt tk` _mutk Cmr`bfs, amurtk hf tk`blmv` mrj`r, w`r`f‘t l`tt`r lòbus` tk`hr Bssmohbthmf kbj abr

sup`rhmr ombok`s amr tk`hr ehris tkbf amr tk`hr lmys.Mf tk` ahrst jby ma piby, tk` th`s rbf tru` tm amrg‚whtk Okhfb l`bthfe Hfjhb bfj

Hfjmf`shb 0-4, bfj _w`j`f z`rmhfe hf mf Hfjhb bfj _mutk Cmr`b. Zk` Cmr`bfs bism imst, 0-?,tm Kufebry, wkms` gbhfstbys w`r` Zhlmr Cibgpbr bfj Hstvbf Nmfy`r, tk` Jà`fjhfe UmrijJmuli`s Okbgphmfs. Hf gbrc`j omftrbst tm tk`hr a`ghfhf` omuft`rpbrts, ht wmuij l` <4-smg`y`brs làmr` tk` _mutk Cmr`bf g`f, bt tk`hr l`st, omuij pibo` ?rj mv`rbii bt tk`s`

Okbgphmfskhps. K`r`, hf ‛5?, tk`y wmuij jrmp tkr`` gbtok`s tm lmtk Hfjmf`shb (wkm wmuijahfhsk 0tk hf tk` Ermup) bfj Bustrhb (1tk). Bs ghekt l` pr`jhot`j, Hfjmf`shb bfj Bustrhb wmuij

kbv` b 0-: lbtti` tm s`` wkm‘j `sobp` lrhfehfe up tk` r`br f`xt tm kbpi`ss Hfjhb. Zk`s` tkr``t`bgs, mrhehfbiiy tk` ibst tkr`` tm l` pibo`j hf tk` Ermup, wmuij whf mfiy tkr`` th`s bitme`tk`r.

Zk` L Ermup omfshst`j ma Nbpbf, Xuemsibvhb, U`st E`rgbfy, Arbfo`, @feibfj,Ozòkmsimvbchb, bfj (tbchfe Fmrtk Cmr`b‘s pibo`) tk` P__\ wkm‘j fmt s`ft b G`f‘s Z`bg tm

Fbemyb. K`r`, bs mppms`j tm tk` B Ermup, tk`r` wbs gmr` j`ptk, bfj omfs`qu`ftiy gmrèmmj gbtok`s‚sm tk` ahfbi r`suits w`r` fmt bs `bsy tm pr`jhot. Zk` ibst tkr`` t`bgs tm l` pibo`j hf tkhs Ermup wmuij whf 24 th`s.

H‘ii lèhf gy j`tbhi`j omv`rbe` whtk tk` lèhffhfe L th`s.

_mutk Cmr`b‘s Hfsmmc FbTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



:51

Nbpbf mp`f`j lyehvhfe up mfiy mf`gbtok tm Arbfo`, b t`bgtkbt, bshj` armg tk`hr er`bt imll`r, Nboqu`s

_òr`thf‚wkm l`bt tk`‛15 Umrij ruff`r-upGhtsuru Cmkfm‚kbjihtti` str`fetk.

Xuemsibvhb, tmm,imst mf` gbtok‚tm U`stE`rgbfy. J`spht` khs

Z`bg Tsyokmimehst‘seubrj`j pr`jhothmf tkbtXuemsibvhb wmuij whftk` Oup, Jrbeuthf

_url`c jhj fmt immc emmj. ’Zk` Jrbemf‗ wbs fmt lurfhfe, wbs fmt lr`btkhfe ahr`. K` fmt mfiy imst tm Uhiarh`j

Ihòc (wkm wmuij whf tk` G`f‘s Omfsmibthmf mv`r Trbjht‘s arh`fj Uuvbfhok), lut nust lbrìyemt ly Cibus _okghtthfe`r, 28 hf tk` ?rj.

Zk` P__\ ebv` up b gbtok tm @feibfj‘s \`fbhssbfo` jbfjy, Zr`vmr Zbyimr, tkÒmggmfw`bitk Okbgphmf. Zbyimr bigmst jhj ht tm Bfbtmiy _trmcbtmv, 28 hf tk` ?rj, lut, mf l`hfe `fomurbe`j ly khs gbt`s, jhj trmhcb jmwf tk` \usshbf Okbgp _brchs _brckbybf.

Bebhfst E`rgbfy, tk` l`st @feibfj omuij jm wbs tm omg` up skmrt, 0-<. Zkbt

bwcwbrj, brrmebft-immchfe Ihòc (squbt stbfo` ihc` b aiufc`` mut ma smg` sf``rhfe Trusshbfahfhskhfe mr a`fohfe sokmmi) stmpp`j lmtk Zbyimr bfj F`bi`. J`fhs, kmw`v`r, jmwf`j ‛18Umrij ruff`r-up @l`rkbrj _okmi`r twm strbhekt. Ru`sthmf> Ukbt wbs Kbfs Bis`r, amrg`r

_w`jhsk @urmp`bf Okbgp, fmw `gpimy`j bs ombok/trbhf`r amr tk` E`rgbf Z`bg, jmhfe tm mr amr tk`g= Bfsw`r> Tmmr Bis r‚k` kbj b chjf`y bttboc bfj kbj tm l` tbc`f bwby armg tk` kbiihf bf bgluibfo` bfj blruptiy put mf b pibf` tm smg` urmimehobi oihfho hf Arbfcaurt.

Nbpbf l`bt tk` P__\ rbtk`r omgamrtbliy, amr _tbfhsibv Emgmzcmv wbsf‘t bfy kìp‚ imst bii tkr``. _brchs _brckbybf kbj b emmj ?-ebg` whf mv`r Barm-Bshbf Okbgp FmlukhcmKbsèbwb‚lut H gust sby H tkmuekt tk` ‛15 Umrij Okbgphmf nust wbsf‘t khs mij bormlbthosìa tkhs tmurfbg`ft. Uhii k`, ihc` _khe`m Htm, ahfbihst bt tk` ibst twmUmrij‘s, smmf r`thr`= Zm jmwkbt=

Zk` ibst G`f‘s th` tkhs mp`fhfe jby r`suit`j hf Ozòkmsimvbchb‘s er`bt 0-< whf mv`r

Xuemsibvhb. Ahrst, tk` Ozòks wmf mf spmrtsgbfskhp. Nbrmsibv Cufz bjghtt`j tm bf ufsurùgphr` tkbt tk` rboc`t rui` bppih`j‚tk` lbii kbj kht khs kbfj. Bfj Ghibf Mrimwsch pmhft`j mut

tm bf ugphr` wkm‘j ghss`j ht tkbt k`‘j s`rv`j b f`t bebhfst _url`c bfj sm skmuijf‘t l`bwbrj`j tk` pmhft.

Cufz whtk khs ghj-w`st`rf-X nbls bstmfhsk`j g` ly l`bthfe _url`c bfj _thpbfoho‚ cfmochfe tk`g brmufj bfj ahfbiiy whffhfe mf pmhfts hf tk` ?rj. Ht r`biiy wbs tk` ihght.

Bfj tm tmpsphf ht bii maa, Mrimwsch c.m.‘j Cbrbcbs`vho, _url`c, bfj _thpbfoho hf strbhektebg`s, wkhok, tkmuek ht stuff`j smg` Xuemsibvs hf tk` bujh`fo`, jhjf‘t surprhs` tk` \usshbfs.

L`fetssmf kbj mfo` obii`j _url`c b ’typkmmf, biwbys r`bjy tm stmrg.‗ Uìi, gbyl`.Uk`f tk` Ozòks w`r` i`bjhfe tk` Xuemsibvs ?-2, bfj Mrimwsch wbs up 2-4 bfj 2;-2< mf

E`rgbf Fbthmfbi Okbgphmf Uhiarh`j Ihòc



:55

_url`c, tk` ormwj lèbf tm oibp bfj skmut, ’_P\@-lòc!‗...‗_P\@-lòc!‗ K`brhfe tkòrmwj ok``r khg, k` stmrg`j lboc tm 28-bii‚mfiy tm a`ì tk` amro` whtkhf khg nust bs quhociysulshj` wk`f k` pusk`j maa, bfj imst bt jùo`.

Bt tk` ahfhsk ma piby tkbt v`fhfe, tk` maahohbis, kbvhfe emt b fugl`r ma omgpibhfts,w`r` pbhfthfe mut tk` jhstrbothfe fbg` ’_url`c‗ armg tk` tbli` fjs. ’_url`c imst,‗ b aìimw

sbhj. ’Zkbt‘s wky tk`y‘r` tbchfe khs fbg` maa tk` tbli`s.‗Zkbt fhekt, mr rbtk`r `briy gmrfhfe, Arbfc Thvò, tk` hft`fs` Ozòk Obptbhf, mr Ombok(smg`thg`s nust mf` thti` hs gutubiiy bppihobli`), wbs oì`lrbthfe khs vhotmry whtk mur ulhquhtmus Z`bg I`bj`r Lml Cbghfscy up hf mur <fj-aimmr j`s`rt`j kbiiwby wk`f _biiy bfj Hwbic`j pbst. Ma omurs` w`‘j kbv` b jrhfc whtk tk`g. Zk` gmr` Arbfc jrbfc, tk` l`tt`r k` aìt.K` wbs sur` khs Omuftry‚mr khs Bssmohbthmf‚mr khs Oiul‚wmuij pby kbia tk` `xp`fs`s, ha w` wmuij pby tk` mtk`r kbia, tm s`fj tk` Ozòk Z`bg tm tk` f`xt P._. Mp`f. K` wbs sm sur`

ma tkhs tkbt w` bii jrbfc tm ht.Ahfbiiy k` emt up bfj w`ft tm khs rmmg. Zm omg` lboc sujj`fiy whtk ihtti` ehats amr

_biiy bfj g`‚b fho` fòcibo` whtk b g`jbiihmf, bfj b pr`tty out-eibss bsk trby. H omuijf‘t v`rywìi ràus` khg, lut H c`pt tkhfchfe kmw hf tk` gmrfhfe, sml`r, k` ghekt whsk k` kbj tk`s`

ehats amr strbfe`rs k` cf`w l`tt`r. Lut tk`f gbyl` amr tk` r`st ma tk` tmurfbg`ft k` wmuijf‘tcfmw bfy strbfe`rs bfy l`tt`r tkbf k` cf`w us= Bfj, wìi, ht‘s biwbys gmr` li`ss`j bfj gmr`

sbthsayhfe tm ehv` tkbf tm rò`hv`. L`shj`s, wkbt omuij l` wmrs` tkbf lrhfehfe kmg` pr`s`ftsymu‘j kmp`j tm pi`bs` smg`mf` whtk=

Arhjby gmrfhfe wk`f brmufj 24 m‘oimoc H brrhv`j bt tk` kbii tm obtok tk` l`st pbrt ma tk` Nbpbf-Ozòkmsimvbchb th`, Cbghfscy (wmw! H‘j iàt khg jrhfchfe, kmw jhj k` jm ht=‚k`f`v`r si`pt) kbj pimpp`j khgsìa rhekt hf tk` ghjji` ma tk` Ozòk rmmt`rs, rhekt f`xt tm Thvò,wkm wbs lèhffhfe tm suaa`r tk` bfeuhsk, gbyl` v`f tk` r`gmrs` ma tk` jbgf`j.

’Xmu gust whf,‗ k` wbs sbyhfe whtk tk` gmst tmrg`ft`j immc mf khs abo`. ’Xmu GP_Zwhf!‗ Bfj tk`f (bs tk` piby`r hf qu`sthmf w`ft lboc, ufbli` tm try kbrj`r, j`spht` khs mwfj`shr`, j`spht` tk` wmrjs ma khs ombok, lòbus` k` wbs bir`bjy tryhfe bs kbrj bs k` omuij),

Arbfc lmw`j khs k`bj. Mv`r bfj mv`r bebhf k` sbhj tm khgsìa, ’Xmu GP_Z whf! Xmu GP_Zwhf!‗

Bfj amr b gmg`ft, tkmuek Cmkfm chii`j Cufz, ht wbs bs ha khs prby`r wbs bfsw`r`j‚

amr tk` Ozòk #?, Nmsà Jvmrbo`c, kìj mf, <4 bfj 28, tm l`bt Zmchm Zbsbcb. Bfj ymufeMrimwsch, ahekthfe whtk rboc`t bfj ahst, mutibst`j tk` er`bt Nbpbf`s` jà`fj`r FmrhmZbcbskhgb. (Mfo`, wk`f Zbcbskhgb, gbfùv`rhfe, e`ts tk` phoc bfj tbc`s b vhohmus swhfe bt bkbfe`r‚bfj ghss`s‚k` turfs brmufj tm tk` Nbpbf`s` l`fok. Fmt b gusoi` kbs gmv`j hf tkbtrmw ma abo`s. Zk`y‘r` bii fmjjhfe up bfj jmwf bpprmvhfeiy‚bs ha k`‘s nust kht hf b whff`r. Hwmfj`r`j wk`tk`r, bat`r b wkhi`, ht r`biiy wmuij l` r`bssurhfe tm biwbys e`t tkbt sbg`

gòkbfhobi r`spmfs`. Khs t`bggbt`s ghekt lèhf tm immc pufok-jrufc.)Lut tk`f Zbsbcb j`strmy`j Cufz. (Pps`t tk` Xuemsibvs mr bfymf` ìs` whtk khs abhtkaui-

jme ma b ebg`, Cufz sthii obf‘t s`t khs mwf pbo` bfj Zbsbcb obf ehv` khg 0.)Zk`f Cmkfm <2, 28 kìj maa Mrimwsch-Thvò, guok tm tk` ibtt`r‘s f`br j`spbhr, amr tkbt

wbs tk` gbtok tk` Ozòks kbj tm kbv`._thii, sthii, `v`f bat`r Zbcbskhgb j`gmfstrbt`s tkbt Jvmrbo`c jm`sf‘t cfmw tm pusk b

lbii tm b phoc-kht jà`fj`r, tk`r` hs b okbfo`. Ha Mrimwsch obf l`bt Zbsbcb, bfj Cufz obf l`btZbcbskhgb, bfj Jvmrbo`c obf l`bt Cmkfm, tk`f...

Zk`f bii sc`pthos ber``> Zk`r` hs b Emj.’Xmu GP_Z whf!‗...‗Xmu GP_Z whf!‗...Bfj Mrimwsch jm`s.



:5;

Fmw Cufz hs up bebhfst Zbcbskhgb,tk` Nbpbf`s` Fbthmfbi Okbgphmf. Thvò lmwskhs k`bj....

Zk` 2st ebg` Cufz e`ts :.Ht hs, ma omurs`, smmf bii mv`r. Thvò trh`s

tm xpibhf tm us, tm khgsìa….’Hf bii ma Ozòkmsimvbchb,‗ k` sbys, ’tk`r` hs fm okmpp`r.‗Ibt`r tkbt bat`rfmmf, tk` vbihbft, 22tk-

s``j`j Ozòks abo` tk` 1tk-s``j`j E`rgbfs.Mrimwsch mp`fs ly imshfe tm Nmok`f

I`hss (wkm bism l`bt Zbcbskhgb bfj Cmkfm),tk`f kbs tm em ? whtk tk` amrghjbli` Ihòc, tk`f,

<0-<? hf tk` ?rj, k` lbrìy survhv`s _okmi`r, tk``x-bigmst Umrij Okbgphmf.

Bat`r tk` Ozòks br` bli` tm bjj twm gmr` whfs‚gmst fmtbliy Jvmrbo`c mv`r I`hss‚ tk` th` omg`s jmwf tm Cufz vs. Ihòc hf tk` jòhjhfe 8tk. Fm imfe`r b fho` luiijme, Cufz whii

turf mf tkbt sghihfe, sf``rhfe Ihòc wkm, rboc`t kìj ihc` b sthoc-bt-tk`-khp-r`bjy, c``pstbufthfe khg. Ma omurs` tk` hgbe` hs blsurj. Cufz‘s styi` whfs amr Ozòkmsimvbchb.

_thii, ht wbs bii tk` Ozòks omuij jm tm 0-: e`t ly E`rgbfy. T`rkbps tk`hr piby`rs br` bsthr`j bs Thvò= Mr p`rkbps tk`y bir`bjy r`bihz` tkbt tk`y kbv` fm okbfo` ma ibt`r jà`bthfe tk`P__\ t`bg tkbt whii em hf tk`hr st`bj tm tk` Ahfbi Amur.

E`rgbfy obf bt i`bst e`t tk` l`tt`r ma @feibfj bfj Arbfo`. Bfj @feibfj, tkmuek tk`y obf‘t l`bt _ or thf, obf l`bt Arbfo`. Zk`y‘j jmf` ht l amr`‚hfj `j ht‘j l `f tk hr mfiy breug`ft amr stbyhfe hf tk` Tr`gh`r Jhvhshmf ma tk` @urmp`bf I`beu`. Zkbt‘s wky ibt`r, hf tk` f`xt rmufj rmlhf

amr ahfbi rbfchfe pmshthmfs, tk`y‘j l` sm ups`t bt imshfe tm Bustrhb. Ha tk`y obf‘t l`bt Bustrhb, wkm‘s nust tbc f rì ebt`j Arbfo ‘s pibo` hf tkbt Tr`gh r Jhvhshmf, wkm obf tk`y l bt=

_m, k`bv`fs, tk`y‘j l`tt`r quhoc-choc wkbt omuij lòmg` b lbj kblht. Mr is` ahfj smg`mf`

r`spmfshli` tm choc. @rem‚Zr`vmr Zbyimr. ’Zk` @feihsk Ei`ff Omwbf,‗ smg`lmjy obii`j khg....’Em pboc ht hf, Zr`vmr, g‘lmy. H sby, limmjy lbj skmw!‗ Zkbt‘s wkbt tk @feihsk

Bssmohbthmf hf tk p`rsmf ma Okbrih Uhi`s, Uhiy Okbri`s, Okbri`s Uyi`s, mr smg`mf wkm kbjf‘t

piby`j bs gbfy gbtok s bs Zr vmr kbj, ghekt kbv` sbhj=’\`biiy, Zr`vmr, ht‘s

ymur abuit, ymu cfmw. _m ymu l`bt twm Bustrhbfs...bfj, uk,Kbsèbwb bfj Xunhrm Hgbfmbfj Zbsbcb bfj _brckbybf.

Ukm ìs`= Xmu‘r` up, ymu‘r`jmwf. Xmu imst tm _okiut`r‚

sm _okiut`r l`bt CnìiNmkbfssmf, jm`s tkbt gbc`khg b piby`r=‚bfj fmww`‘v` imst tm Bustrhb. U`‘v`

f`v`r imst tm Bustrhb, jmf‘tymu ufj`rstbfj tkbt= Xmu‘vèmf` bfj fmt trh`j `fmuek,bfj fmw w`‘v` imst tm Bustrhb!

Nbpbf‘s okmpp`r Okbgphmf

Fmrhm ZbcbskhgbTkmtm ly F`bi Amx

Bustrhb‘s K`hfz _okiut`rArmg tk` 2818 Gufhok Umrij‘s

Trmerbg

@feibfj‘s Zr`vmr ZbyimrArmg tk` 2852 Okhf`s` Z`bg tm tk`




:58

Xmu‘r` bii thr`j mut,Zbyimr. Xmu‘v` kbj tmm gbfyups bfj jmwfs. Xmu immc thr`jmut. H‘ii l`t ymu jmf‘t `bt rhekt.Ukbt jm ymu `bt= Fm, Zbyimr,

ymu jmf‘t immc emmj. Gbtt`r ma abot, tkbt imfe kbhr, H f`v`r jhjihc` tk` wby ymu immc. Ukyjmf‘t ymu em mv`r tm tk`_tbt`s‚nmhf Omwbf= Xmu‘j jm nust ahf` tk`r`....‗

@fmuek! Umuij tk`

@feihsk, v`f bat`r suok bjhsbppmhfthfe imss, `v`r omg`bt b piby`r ihc` tkbt=…UmuijZr`vmr `v`r omg` bt Zr`vmr

ihc` tkbt, tk`f whfc= Bfywby, ha kmg` hs wk`r` tk` k`brt hs,

kmg` k` w`ft.Zk` P__\, ymu gby r`g`gl`r, kbj imst mfiy mf` gbtok‚tm tk` v`ry strmfe Nbpbf`s`.

Bfj Xuemsibvhb, wkm kbj y`t tm piby ufjà`bt`j Nbpbf, bir`bjy kbj b imss tm Ozòkmsimvbchb._m tk` kmg` t`bg kbj tm whf tkhs mf` tm c``p hts kmp`s ma bjvbfo`g`ft bihv`.

Zk` v`ry xohtbli` p`fkmij`r Ghihvmn Cbrbcbs`vho stbrts tk` lbii rmiihfe. K` ims`s hfstrbhekt ebg`s tm _brckbybf. Zk`f, bs _thpbfoho hs e`tthfe r`bjy tm piby _trmcbtmv, tk` C`ft

ehri omg`s pbrbjhfe ly bebhf‚guok ihc` b tmm-`briy-hf-tk`-ebg`-tm-e`t-`xoht`j ok``ri`bj`r‚ bfj tk` ormwj bppibujs. Zk` bppibus` hsf‘t amr k`r tkmuek. Hf abot, `v`rymf`‘s pr`tty thr`j ma s``hfe k`r wbic lboc bfj amrtk. @spòhbiiy shfo` sk` jm`sf‘t kbv` bfy ohebr`tt`s, jm`sf‘t kbv`

bfy trby. Emhfe lboc bfj amrtk uf`ftkushbsthobiiy ihc` tkbt, wkbt hs sk` k`r` amr=_thpbfoho r`spmfjs tm tk` bppibus`, l`bts _trmcbtmv. Zk` Xuemsibv aibe wbv`s, bfj

tk`r` hs gmr` bppibus`.

Bs _url`c omg`s mut tm piby Emgmzcmv (Zk` Jrbemf immcs sm guok lhee`r mut tk`r` bttk` tbli` tkbf k` jm`s hf r`biiha` brmufj tk` kmtì), p`mpi` lèhf yìihfe, ’\BU-g`bt!‗…’\BU-g`bt!‗ Mr tkbt‘s wkbt ht smufj`j ihc` tm

g`. Ma omurs` H bssmohbt`’\BU-g`bt‗ whtk _url`c,

’Zk` Zhe`r ma ber`l,‗ bfjkhs bfhgbi-ihc vhtbihty. _m ha tkbt‘s r`biiy wkbt tk` ormwjskmut`j‚wkhok ma omurs` ht

hsf‘t‚tk`f _url`c muekt tm`bt up Emgmzcmv.Pfi`ss...sby, kmw emmj hsEmgmzcmv bfywby=

Xuemsibvhb‘s

Ghihvmn Cbrbcbs`vhoArmg tk` @feihsk

Zbli` Z`ffhs F`ws,

Gbr., 285<, omv`r

Xuemsibv Zhe`r, Jrbemf, wkbt`v`r, wbfts r`j g`bt - whii k` e`t ht=Tkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



:;4

Hf _t`pkbf Cnuho‘s Zk` Uhii Zm Uhf, _url`c ihsts Emgmzcmv bs mf` ma tk` tmp 24 piby`rs hf tk` wmrij. _bys k`‘s tk` ’erbfjgbst`r ma tk` lbockbfj‗ (wkhok ràiòts, ly tk` wby,tk` hft`r`st hf ok`ss hf Xuemsibvhb, wk`r` tk`r` br` smg`tkhfe ihc` <<,444 oiul g`gl`rs bfj24 erbfjgbst`rs). _bys k`‘s g`t Emgmzcmv hf tk` ahfbis ma lhe tmurfbg`fts bfj kbs mfiy tk`tkhff`st 0-: `je`.

_m wkbt kbpp`fs tkhs thg`= _url`c kbs b emmj okbfo` tm whf‚lut ims`s hf ?._pòtbtmrs wkhsti ‚fmt b emmj shef. _thpbfoho, tmm, em`s jmwf‚tm _brckbybf. P__\ ?-Xuemsibvhb 2.

Lut Cbrbcbs`vho l`bts Emgmzcmv bfj, skbchfe khs ahst hf tk` bhr, jm`s b ihtti` jbfo`brmufj tk` tbli`.

_url`c obf th` tk` th` whtk b whf mv`r _trmcbtmv. Obf k` jm ht=...Fm. Zk` kbii ahiis whtkb prmimfe`j wkhstihfe smufj‚tk` quhvbi`ft ma b jhsbpprmvhfe Er``c Okmrus. Bat r _thpbfoho

bism abhis‚hs l`bt`f ly Emgmzcmv‚tk` wkhsti`s whii `v`ftubiiy stmp, bfj tk` ormwj whiijhsbpp`br, bimfe whtk tk`hr kmg`-t`bg kmp`s.

Lut p`rkbps fmt bii tk` spòtbtmrs whii cfmw wkbt tk` Xuemsibv piby`rs cfmw‚tkbttk`hr ibst shefhahobft th` whtk Nbpbf jm`sf‘t gbtt`r hf rèbrj tm tk`hr bjvbfo`g`ft. Lòbus`

`v`f ha tk`y whf ht, obf mfo`-jà`bt`j Nbpbf l` kbrh-cbrh`j ly E`rgbfy= Mr tk` P__\ abii abr,abr jmwf tm Arbfo`= Fmt b okbfo`.

Lut, birhekt, tm sbv` abo`, tk` Xuemsibvs omg` mut tm piby. @brih`r H‘j bsc`j Tbvì, tk`hr Z`bg Tsyokmimehst, wky tk`y‘j imst tkbt c`y th` tm tk` _mvh`ts. ’Zk`y‘r` mv`rpiby`j,‗ k` sbhj,whtkmut lihfchfe bf y`. ’Zk`y f``j r`st.‗

Zk`y f``j smg`tkhfe‚amr Cbrbcbs`vho bfj _thpbfoho ims` bii amur ma tk`hr hfhthbigbtok`s. Zkbt smg`tkhfe hs _url`c‚’Zk` Hfj`struothli`,‗ bs Jusbf ’Jui`‗ Msgbfbeho, tk`Xuemsibv Z bg Obptbhf, obiis khg. Mr obiis khg tkbt hf Cinuho‘s lmmc. Bfj hf ahf` bormlbtho-

iml amrg k` hs tmm, bs s``ghfeiy ly lrut` str`fetk k` mutibsts bii tkr`` ma khs Nbpbf`s`mppmf`fts.

_m wk`f _thpbfoho omg`s tkrmuek bebhfst Zbsbcb, ht‘s pmsshli`, hsf‘t ht, tkbt

Cbrbcbs`vho whii puii mut tk` gbtok, tk` th`, bebhfst Cmkfm=...Mk, ihst`f! Gbc`s ymu wbft tmwkhsti` tmm, jm`s ht=

Mv`r hf tk` B Ermup tk`r` hsf‘t f`briy bs guok jrbgb. Zk` _w`j`f-Kufebry th` hs

orhthobi amr lmtk ufjà`bt`j t`bgs tkmuek, lòbus` `bok ma tk`g aheur` tm ims` tm Jà`fjhfeOkbgphmf Okhfb. Nmfy`r bfj Cibgpbr, bs `xpòt`j, l`bt ymufe Hfe`gbr Uhcstrmg. (Ukbtkbpp`f`j tm L`rfkbrjt= Uhffhfe tk` OF@ kurt khs ebg`=) Bfj L`fetssmf bfj Nmkbfssmf, bs`xpòt`j, l`bt tk` Kufebrhbf #?, Nbfms Lmrzs`h. Lut bat`r Nmfy`r kbs imst tm Nmkbfssmf, bfjCibgpbr tm L`fetssmf, _w`j`f hs up :-<. Kmw`v`r, ha Nmfy`r obf shj`sphf-sihp-ly nust mf` ma tk` _w`jhsk Lhe Zwm, Kufebry sthii kbs b okbfo`. Qho Ibfjbu, omv`rhfe tkhs th` amr g` (ZZZ ,

Gby-Nuf`, 285?, ?5), sp`bcs ma kmw L`fetssmf kbs b kbrj thg` omftrmiihfe Nmfy`r‘s sup`r sphf lbiis, lut tkbt hf tk` ?rj tk` _w`j`‘s p`raòt omrf`r tm omrf`r pibo`g`fts ehv` khg b 28-25

i`bj. Bt tkhs pmhft, lmtk Qho bfj mur P._. Z`bg Bfbiyst, Jìi _w``rhs, ber`` tkbt _tìibf tmmc b lbj skmt, wkhok gby kbv` baa ot`j khs usubiiy v`ry strmfe g`ftbi btthtuj`, amr, bs Qho sbhj, k`s``g`j tm smat`f, bfj Nmfy`r, wkm‘j l`bt`f L`fetssmf brih`r hf tk` Ar`fok Mp`f, wmf biitkr`` r`gbhfhfe pmhfts. Zkhs wmuij l` L`fetssmf‘s mfiy imss hf tk` Z`bg Okbgphmfskhp‚bfj

ghekt wìi l` b omstiy mf`.Uhtk _w`j`f i`bjhfe :-?, Nmkbfssmf kbs tm tbc` jmwf Kufebrhbf Okbgp Cibgpbr, amr

tk` Kufebrhbf Lmrzs`h hs b abvmrht` tm l`bt tk` w`bc`r Uhcstrmg ha tk` th` em`s hftm tk` 8tk.K`r`‘s Ibfjbu mf tkhs gbtok>



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’Zk` _w`j` hs bk`bj 22-: hf tk` ahrst ebg` wk`f tk` lbii lr`bcs. Cibgpbr obtok`skhg bfj whfs <?-<2. Zk` sòmfj ebg` hs bf v`f juì ma tmp tbli` t`ffhs. Bt 28-28 tk`r` hsb jhsput`j `je` lbii. Lmtk tk` ugphr` bfj somr`c``p`r ber`` tk` lbii kht bfj bwbrj tk` pmhft tm Nmkbfssmf. (H lìh`v` tk` lbii kht lòbus` Cibgpbr bpp br j tm r bot tm tk` lbii hfaihekt Stkbt hs, làmr` ht ibfj`j, k` erhgbo`jW. Bism, tk` vmibthi` Kufebrhbf ombok, S^mitbfW

L`rozhc, breu`j amr mfiy ahv` ghfut`s.) Nmkbfssmf whfs tk` f`xt pmhft bfj tk` ebg`.Cibgpbr, wkm kbj l``f pibyhfe xtr`gìy wìi, hs fmt bli` tm mv`romg` tk` bjv`rshty bfj htskmws. K` hs quhociy jmwf 24-< bfj tkbt hs tk` ebg`, gbtok, bfj th`.‗

H tk`f k`brj tkbt bat`rwbrjs tk` Kufebrhbfs ràus`j tm skbc` kbfjs whtk tk` _w`j`s.Zwm oihgbotho th`s r`gbhf`j‚lmtk hfvmivhfe Okhfb. Ahrst, tk` Okhf`s` tmmc mf tk`

_w`j`s‚whtk tk` tkr`bt kmv`rhfe mv`r tk`g tkbt, skmuij tk`y ims`, `v`f ha tk`y ibt`r l`bt

Kufebry, tk`y wmuij kbv` tm obrry mv`r tkbt imss tm _w`j`f hf tk` ahfbi :-t`bg rmufj rmlhf.Bfj Okhfb jhj ims`‚0-:. \`pmrt`jiy ht wbs tk` ahrst th` tk`y‘j imst shfo` Jmrtgufj hf ‛08.

Ihbfe Cm-ihbfe,wkm hf tk` ibst twm y`brs

kbs l``f jmhfe jhpimgbthojuty tk` wmrij mv`r (br`

w` tm hfa`r tk`f tkbt k`‘sfmt l``f prbothohfe bsguok bs k` skmuij kbv`=),jhjf‘t whf b ebg`, i`tbimf` b gbtok. Ibfjbustr`ss`j L`fetssmf‘s

sup`rl lbockbfj bfj sbhjtkbt tk` _w`j` wbs nusttmm abst amr Ihbfe,

amrg`riy b jà`fshv` piby`r lut fmw prhgbrhiybf bttboc`r. Zkmuek fmt bs

emmj bf bttboc`r bsNmkbfssmf wkm kbgg`r`jbwby bt khg. Bfj ma omurs` ht wbs Ihbfe‘s imsstm Uhcstrmg (jmwf <4-28hf tk` 2st, k`‘j s`rv`j maa)

tkbt gbj` b lhe jhaa`r`fo`.Zk` _w`j`s piby`j

Uhcstrmg rbtk`r tkbf tk`mij`r, gmr` `xp`rh`fo`j Lm T`rssmf lòbus` tk` sgbrt gmf`y sbhj tkbt T`rssmf‘s f`rv`sw`r`f‘t sm emmj=

_obfjhfbvhbf Mp`f Okbgp Nmkbfssmf imst tm lmtk Ksu _kbm-ab (tk` tòkfhqu` ma khs

o`hihfewbrj s`rv`s gbc`s amr quht` b twhst wk`f ahfbiiy tk`y omg` jmwf) bfj Ih Okhfe-cubfe(wkm H tkhfc gbyl` kbsf‘t emt suok emmj f`rv`s khgsìa). H k`brj Ih kbj l``f shoc, lut shoc ma wkbt H jhjf‘t k`br. L`fetssmf wmf bii tkr``‚emt ly lrutbi limoc`r Ih, 28 hf tk` ?rj, bfj tkhs,tmm, wbs b th`-bit`rhfe whf.

_w`j`f‘s Uhcstrmg‘s fmt wbtokhfe tk` lbii lut wkbt Okhfb‘s Ih Okhfe-

cubfe hs emhfe tm jm whtk ht wk`f ht omg`s jmwf




:;<

Okhfb vs. Kufebry wmuijj`t`rghf` tk` mtk`r bjvbfo`r tm tkàhfbi. Kufebry‘s sup`r immp`rs omuijbebhf whf mfiy mf` ma amur oruohbi`fomuft`rs‚tkmuek sbj-abo`j

Cibgpbr imst b v`ry tmuek <<-<4, <?-<2 gbtok tm Zhbm U`f-yubf, tk``xohtbli` Okhf`s` Fbthmfbi Okbgphmf.Zk` lhe surprhs` ma tkhs Okhfb 0-Kufebry < th` wbs tk` jà`bt ma Ksh@f-thfe, fmt sm guok bt tk` kbfjs ma Nmfy`r lut bt tk` st`bjy jà`fshv` piby

ma Lmrzs`h. _mg` #?, `k=Pfamrtufbtìy, f`htk`r Ibfjbu

fmr H obf r`pmrt mf tk` P__\‘s 0-:jà`bt ma ufjà`bt`j _w`j`f, lut H

pr`sug` tk` _mvh`t‘s j`ptk jhj hf tk`_w`jhsk #?. _w``rhs, hf khs Bfbiyst‘s \`pmrt amr Zmphos, suee`st`j tkbt tk` puliho bjjr`ss

bffmufo`r ghekt kbv` ufwhtthfeiy l``f tm libg` amr tk` imss. _w`j`f, bat`r l`bthfe Okhfb,wbs i`bjhfe tk` P__\ :-? wk`f mv`r tk` imujsp`bc`r tk` bffmufo`g`ft wbs gbj` tkbt tk`_w`j`s wmuij kmij b Tr`ss Omfa`r`fo` hgg`jhbtìy bat`r tk` th`. Jìi tkmuekt tkhs jhstrbot`jtk` piby`rs armg tk`hr tbsc bt kbfj.

Fmr jm Ibfjbu mr H kbv` bfy j`tbhi mf Okhfb‘s surprhshfe 0-: lbtti` whtk tk` P__\,wkm‘j kbj tm obrry mv`r tk`hr 0-< imss tm Nbpbf. Kmw`v`r, Qho jhj omv`r tk` Okhfb-Nbpbf th`,

bfj H tk` ibst, _w`j`f-Nbpbf th`‚lmtk whtk tk`hr qu`sthmfbli` omfs`qu`fo`s.K`r` br` smg` ma Qho‘s omgg`fts mf tk` Okhfb-Nbpbf s`ghahfbi>’Hf tk` ahrst ebg` Zhbm kbs jhaahouity khtthfe tkrmuek Zbcskhgb‘s ahf` okmp jà`fs`,‗

bfj ’Zbcbskhgb hs bli` tm lr`bc up khs mppmf`ft‘s bttboc whtk moobshmfbi quhoc chii skmts armg`htk`r whfe.‗ Lut, bat`r rbiiyhfe armg 2;-20 jmwf hf tk` <fj, Zhbm em`s mf tm whf.

’Ih Okhfe-cubfe limocs Zbsbcb maa tk` tbli` <2-2< hf tk` ahrst ebg`,‗ lut hf tk` sòmfj,

tkmuek up 28-21 bfj s`rvhfe, k` obf‘t oims` tk` gbtok. ’Hf tk` ?rj ebg`, Zbsbcb stbrts ihc` bgbjgbf,‗ bfj khs chiis bfj omuft`r-chiis biimw khg tm omg` mut b whff`r. Okhfb 2-Nbpbf 2.

Armg tk` ahrst pmhft mf, ’Kbsèbwb hs ushfe khs abgmus khek iml jà`fs` tm r`turfKsu‘s chii skmts. Bs tk` ebg` prmer`ss`s, ht lòmg`s bppbr`ft tkbt khs jà`fshv` styi` skmuijfmt l` àaòthv` bebhfst tkhs ahf` bttboc`r. F`v`rtkì`ss, Kbsèbwb...hs spòtbouibriy r`turfhfe 5mr ; ma Ksu‘s chii skmts armg tk` lbrrh`r bfj tk`f `v`f gmr` s`fsbthmfbiiy omuft`r-chiihfe...bs

Swhffhfe <2-21W k` pibys khs l`st ebg` ma tk` tmurfbg`ft.‗ Zk` Okhf`s` br` fmt sghihfe...luttk`y whii l`. Ksu whfs tk` sòmfj bt 2<. ’Hf tk` rull`r ebg` Kbsèbwb hs ihc` b f`wiy

thekt`f`j sprhfe bfj hs aiyhfe bii mv`r tk` omurt ufthi Sht‘sW 22-bii. Zk`f, uflìh`vbliy, k` ims`s 8 pmhfts hf b rmw bfj tk` gbtok. Lut ht‘s fm surprhs` tkbt, whf mr ims`, gbfy omfshj`r khg tk`gmst `xohthfe piby`r ma khs thg`.‗

’Zhbm bfj Zbsbcb spiht tk`hr ahrst twm ebg`s hf b skbrp, oims`-tm-tk`-tbli` omuft`r-jrhv`

gbtok. Zbsbcb, bs k` wbs bebhfst Ih, hs kmt hf tk` tkhrj ebg` bfj whfs <2-5.‗’Ksu obffmt r`biiy kht tkrmuek Zbcbskhgb‘s jà`fs` bfj hs tkus rìèbt`j tm puskhfe

bfj phochfe. Zbcbskhgb whfs tk` ahrst <2-28.‗ Uk`f tk` Nbpbf`s` hs up <4-25 gbtok pmhft hftk` sòmfj, tk` @xp`jht` \ui` hs put hf. ’Mf` chii skmt ly Zbcbskhgb bfj tk` gbtok hs mv`r.‗

Nbfms Lmrzs`hArmg 285? Lujbp`st \bhiwbys _pmrtoiul Hfamrgbthmf Lmmci`t



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Zkmuek Kbsèbwb rbiih`s armg jmwf 2-4 bfj 2?-5 ’whtk b s`rh`s ma s`fsbthmfbiomuft`r-chii sphf skmts‗ tm e`t lboc hftm tk` gbtok, ’k` obf‘t gbhftbhf suok b pbo` hf tk` tkhrjebg` bfj Ih whfs <2-2?.‗ Nbpbf ?-Okhfb ?.

Zbsbcb `htk`r libsts hf whff`rs mr k` jm`sf‘t. Khs tkhrj ebg` whtk Ksu ’hs b er`btomuft`r-jrhvhfe gbtok‗ ufthi armg 8-bii Ksu ’whfs ; hf b rmw bfj tk` gbtok.‗

’Lmtk Kbsèbwb bfj Zhbm immc gmr` tkbf b ihtti` thr`j‗ bs `bok stbrts khs tkhrj gbtokma tk` th` ’bt 2<>:4 b.g. Kbsèbwb hs pibyhfe oims`r tm tk` tbli`...bfj whfs tk` ahrst ebg` <<-<4.‗ Bat`r imshfe tk` f`xt, k` e`ts b ’sòmfj whfj bfj whfs tk` oruohbi StkhrjW.‗ Nbpbf :-Okhfb :.

Ha Okhfb w`r` tm ims` tkhs ibst gbtok ma tk` th`, tk`y wmuij ma omurs` kbv` twm thìmss`s, bfj sm wmuij kbv` fm okbfo` tm whf tk` thti`. Kmw`v`r, ha ufjà`bt`j Nbpbf w`r` tmims` tkhs ibst gbtok bfj th`, bfj sm kbv` mfiy tk` mf` imss, tk`y, tmm, wmuij kbv` fm okbfo` tmwhf tk` thti`. Uky= U`‘ii s`` hf b gmg`ft.

Ibst up br` Ih bfj Zbcbskhgb.’Ih hs khtthfe armg shj` tm shj` bfj tk`fjrmpphfe tk` lbii skmrt. Kmw`v`r,Zbcbskhgb hs r`turfhfe mf` lbii bat`r

bfmtk`r, hfoiujhfe bii tk` jrmp skmts.‗Pp 28-21, k` ’khts amr tk` ahrst thg`

bfj hs bk`bj <4-21,‗ whfs ht bt 25. Fmw tk`r hs ’guok ar f`tho tbichfe l`tw``f Ih bfj khs ombok`s.‗

’Ih stbrts maa puskhfe hf tk`sòmfj ebg`, bppbr`ftiy emhfe amr tk`@xp`jht` \ui`. Kmw`v`r, bat`r tk` ahrst

a`w pmhfts Ih jrmps tkhs tbotho bfjstbrts tk` str`fumus wmrc ma tryhfe tmkht tkrmuek Zbcbskhgb‘s fmw f`br-

p`raòt jà`fs . 22-bii, 20-20, 2;-2;.Zbcbskhgb hs r`turfhfe f`briy `v`ry lbii whtk tk` ahf`st okmp r`trh v` H‘v`

`v`r s``f. (Jhoc Ghi`s sbhj tkbt htr`s`gli`j L`regbff‘s r`fmwf`jr`trh`v`.) Ih, kmw`v`r, hs libsthfe bwby mf` bat`r bfmtk`r bfj whfs <2-2;.‗

Hf tk` tkhrj ebg`, tkmuek Ih ’kbs tm kht ahv` tm t`f mr gmr` jrhv`s hft`rghx`j whtk bfmoobshmfbi jrmp skmt tm whf tk` pmhft,‗ k`‘s up 20-24...tk`f <4-20 gbtok pmhft. ’Bf ``rh`shi`fo` p`rvbj`s tk` br`fb....<4-21, <4-25. ‛I`t‘ tk` ugphr` obiis bt <4-2;....Zk` @xp`jht` \ui`

hs tm omg` hftm àaòt. Ih s`rv`s bfj ht hs quhociy <4-28. Zbcbskhgb s`rv`s bfj Ih rmiis fhf` lbiis làmr` Zbcbskhgb omg`s up tm tk` tbli` bfj orbocs khs amr`kbfj, b r`bi whff`r, tk` amro

ma tk` swhfe obrryhfe khg jmwf, jmwf, jmwf. Lut Ih ghrbouimusiy limocs tk` lbii lboc tm whftk` gbtok amr Okhfb, bfj tk`f rufs brmufj tm ihat Zbcbskhgb maa tk` aimmr tm tk` ok``rs ma bstbfjhfe mvbthmf. B jrbgbtho `fjhfe tm b ahv` kmur bfj tw`fty ghfut` strueei`.‗

Ma omurs` tk` ahfbi th`‚tk` Nbpbf-_w`j`f th`‚sthii kbs tm l` piby`j. Bfj ly fmw

smg` strmfe orhthohsg ma tkhs f`w rmufj-rmlhf amrgbt hs ufj`rstbfjbliy l`hfe `xpr`ss`j. Hf tk`‛52 Umrij‘s bt Fbemyb, tk` rmufj rmlhf whff`rs ma `bok ma tk` twm lrboc`ts piby`j maa bfjtk`r` wbs b oi`br-out vhotmry. K`r`, tkmuek Okhfb wbsf‘t `v`f pibyhfe hf tk` ahfbi th`, ht wbssthii pmsshli` amr Okhfb tm lboc hftm whffhfe tk` Okbgphmfskhp. Amr ha tk` _w`j`s (wkm `brih`r

Okhfb‘s Ih Okhfe-cubfeArmg Zbli` Zbli` bfj Arh`fjskhp _uppi`g`ft

tm Okhfb \òmfstruots, Mot., 2852



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kbj imst 0-: tm tk` P__\) wmuij ims` tm Nbpbf, tk`y wmuij kbv` (ihc` tk` P__\) twm imss`sbfj sm omuijf‘t whf tk` thti`. Kmw`v`r, `v`f ha tk` Nbpbf`s` l`bt tk` _w`j`s hf tkhs ahfbi th`,bfj tkus wmuij kbv` mfiy mf` imss (ihc` Okhfb), tk`y omuijf‘t whf tk` thti`, amr tk`f tk`y‘j l`th`j <-2 whtk Okhfb, bfj, shfo` Okhfb kbj l`bt`f tk`g, tk`y‘j ims` vhb tk` th`-lr`bc`r syst`g.

_usphohmus p`mpi` (wkms` hj`b wbs tkhs f`w rmufj rmlhf amrgbt bfywby=) w`r`

pulihoiy vmhohfe bii smrts ma spòuibthmfs blmut tkhs stbt` ma baabhrs.Amr hfstbfo`, jhj Okhfb brih`r jìhl`rbtìy jugp tm _w`j`f= (Mr, tbc` ht bt i`bst mfòk`ss st`p aurtk`r, jhj tk`y pibf tm l`bt \usshb pròhsìy 0-:=) Erbft`j Ihbfe Cm-ihbfe (wkmgH tkmuekt ghekt whf tk` Fbemyb Umrij‘s) kbj b s`b okbfe` armg jà`fs` tm maa`fs`, jhj tkbtr`biiy boomuft amr khs v`ry pmmr skmwhfe bebhfst tk` _w`j`s= Bfj s`rvhfe maa bt <4-28 tm ims`tkbt ebg` bebhfst Uhcstrmg‚wkbt wbs tkbt, obrì`ssf`ss, mr...= Tbvì kbj bsc`j g`, ’Ihbfeobf piby Mrh`ftbis, lut obf k` piby @urmp`bfs=‗ Bs ha H cf`w. Tbvì‘s mphfhmf wbs tkbt tk`

Okhf`s` skmuijf‘t kbv` piby`j Ihbfe. Gbyl` k` tkmuekt tk`y skmuijf‘t kbv` okbfe`j khsebg`. Gbyl`‚tk` k`hekt ma amiiy‚k` tkmuekt tk` Okhf`s` jhjf‘t cfmw wkbt tk`y w`r`jmhfe.

Lut i`t g` l` abfohaui. Nust suppms` tkbt Okhfb (pursuhfe tk`hr ’Arh`fjskhp Ahrst,

Omgp`ththmf _òmfj‗ tk`g` tm b j`shr`j `fj) jhjf‘t wbft tm whf tkhs Z`bg Okbgphmfskhp(tkmuek tk`y‘j fmt imst b shfei` th` shfo` 2808). Bfj suppms` tk`y jhjf‘t wbft Nbpbf tm whf ht

`htk`r. Amr wkbt`v`r r`bsmf‚p`rkbps lòbus` ht ghekt e`f`rbt` gmr` hft`r`st hf tk` _pmrt(bfj tkus Okhfb‘s supr`gboy) ha @urmp`bfs, bat`r b <4-y`br jrmuekt, wmuij l` Okbgphmfs. Luttk` jugphfe wmuij kbv` tm l` jmf` sultiy, jhpimgbthobiiy. Zk` Okhf`s` wmuij kbv` tm pr`t`fj‚tkrmuek tkr`` 0-: th`s‚tkbt tk`hr piby`rs w`r`f‘t r`biiy sm emmj. Bfj tkbt wmuij’ahx‗ Nbpbf.

Lut wkbt ha Nbpbf skmuij whf tkhs ibst th` bebhfst _w`j`f, bfj Okhfb wmuij lboc hftm

tk` Okbgphmfskhp= Uìi, tk` Okhf`s` omuij ihv` whtk tkbt tmm._usphohmfs tkbt bii ghekt fmt l` mf tk` up bfj up iby ouri`j, r`bjy tm strhc`, hf suok b

tkmuekt bs H k`brj tkhs aìimw vmho`> ’Zk` Nbpbf`s` fmw kbv` tk`hr okmho` ma Okhf`s` yubf mr

_w`jhsk ormwfs.‗’Bk,‗ sbhj bfmtk`r, ’lut ymu‘j f`v`r e`t Kbsèbwb tm tkrmw b gbtok. K`‘j omgght

kbrh-cbrh ahrst‚bs, hf abot, k` wbs rugmr`j tm l` j`t`rghf`j tm jm lboc hf ‛15 ha tk` Nbpbf`s`

jhjf‘t l`bt tk` Xuemsibvs.‗_m tkbt wbs wky k` wbsf‘t pibyhfe hf tkhs ahfbi th`‚lòbus` k` wbs hfomrrupthli`= Mr

wbs ht, bs gmst sbf` p`mpi` tkmuekt, tkbt khs ròmrj bebhfst tk` _w`j`s wbsf‘t bii tkbt emmj=Mr wbs ht smg`tkhfe is`= Zkbt k` wbs e`tthfe mij bfj, omfshj`rhfe tk` bii-mut tuglihfe ebg`k` p`rshst`j hf pibyhfe, k` kbjf‘t tk` fò`ssbry fjurbfo` bfy gmr`=

@fmuek spòuibthmf. I`t‘s e`t mf whtk tk` r`bihty ma tkhs ahfbi th` bfj ormwf tk`

ufjhsput`j whff`r._w`jhsk ok``ri`bj`rs br` stbthmf`j hf jhaa`r`ft sòthmfs ma tk` lbiomfy. Zk`y ehv`

T`rssmf `fomurbe`g`ft. Pk-kuk, tkmuek ht wbs Uhcstrmg wkm l`bt Ihbfe, tk` _w`j`s br` pibyhfe T`rssmf‚lut ymu‘r` fmt emhfe tm obtok g` bschfe wky.

Zk` _w`j` whfs tk` 2st, tk`f Zbcbskhgb aheur`s mut wkbt tm jm whtk tkbt khek, simwimmp omghfe bt khg‚k` omg`s jbrthfe hf bfj orbocs `fmuek lbockbfjs tkrmuek tm gbc`

T`rssmf immc bt khs ombok. Lut wkbt hs Okrhst`r Nmkbfssmf mr bfymf` ìs` tm tìi khg= ZkbtZbcbskhgb whii whf hf ?=

Nmkbfssmf, amr`v`r `xpr`sshmfi`ss, `xo`pt wk`f, abo` jhstmrt`j, k` sgbsk`s hftm tk` lbii, kbs fm trmuli` whtk Cmkfm. _w`j`f 2-Nbpbf 2.



:;0

L`fetssmf, mut tk`r` hf tk` ?rj bebhfst Zbsbcb, hs kurryhfe lboc bfj amrtk, rbhshfe khs ahsts,

skbchfe tk`g. Jmwf 2:-2<, Zbsbcb s`rv`s maa, bfj L`fetssmf rufs ht tm 2;-2<...bfj tk`f mut.Zk` i`ss sbhj blmut tk` Cmkfm-T`rssmf gbtok tk` l`tt`r. Zk` _w`j`s omuijf‘t kbv`

jmf` wmrs` pibyhfe Uhcstrmg, omuij tk`y= Bk, lut T`rssmf kbj emf` tm Nbpbf tm trbhf‚kbji`brf`j kmw tm l`bt tk` Nbpbf`s` hf prbotho`.

Lut L`fetssmf-Zbcbskhgb‚tkbt‘s l`buthaui. Zk` Umrij Okbgphmf mut tk`r` jbfohfe,jbfohfe, hf omftrbst tm Zbcbskhgb, wkm mfo`, str`tokhfe amr b r`trh`v`, tbc`s b fbsty abii.

_w`j`f ?, Nbpbf <.Zbsbcb immcs ihc` bf bso`tho wkm‘j omgght smg` uithgbt` rìhehmus bot‚lut fmt

lòbus` ma Nmkbfssmf. Fm r`bsmf tm chii khgsìa mv`r tkhs gbtok‚k`‘s b whff`r.L`fetssmf, g`bfwkhi`, kbs emf` l`khfj tk` whfes tm prbotho` p`raòthfe khs tmpsphf.

Zkbt hs, bat`r k`‘s okbfe`j `v`rytkhfe armg khs smocs tm khs skhrt. ’Ar`skf`ss hs `v`rytkhfe,‗sbys Tbvì hf bfmtk`r prmfmufo`g`ft tkbt‘s suspòt. Cmkfm e`ts gbyl` 2? b ebg`.

_w`j`f‘s 285? Umrij Z`bg Okbgphmfs, armft, I-\> Hfe`gbr Uhcstrmg, Ombok Okrhst`r Nmkbfssmf, khs

lrmtk`r Cnìi Nmkbfssmf, _tìibf L`fetssmf bfj Bfj`rs Nmkbfssmf3 lboc> Lm T`rssmf



:;1

_m ht‘s _w`j`f :, Nbpbf ? bfj tk` Zbcbskhgb-Nmkbfssmf gbtok tkbt whii jòhj` tk`tmurfbg`ft muekt tm l` b nmy amr`v`r.

Lut, ahrst, T`rssmf-Zbsbcb.’T`rssmf‘s tk` lhee`st lmtti`r hf tk` lushf`ss,‗ sbys @feibfj‘s J`fhs F`bi`. ’H‘v` f`v`r

`v`f s``f khg whf b ebg`.‗ G`bfwkhi`, armg 2;-bii hf tk` 2st, k` bfj Zbsbcb br` pibyhfe smg`

ma tk` gmst gbrvìmus pmhfts ma tk` tmurfbg`ft. Ahfbiiy tk` _w`j`‘s suoo`ssaui wk`f Zbsbcbs`rv`s hftm tk` f`t.Jurhfe tk` <fj ebg`, F`bi` sbys, ’T`rssmf‘s sm lmtti`j up k` jm`sf‘t `v`f immc bt tk`

somr`. Ht‘s khs mfiy okbfo`.‗ Bfj, y`s, Zbsbcb‘s 28-25 up. Lut tk`f k` abhis tm r`turf T`rssmf‘ss`rv`‚28-2;. Bfj abhis tm r`turf bfmtk`r‚28-bii. Bfj fmw T`rssmf e`ts tk` gbtok-pmhft bj.Mfiy...k` abhis tm r`turf s`rv`.

Lut tk`f, gmg`fts ibt`r, k`‘s ruffhfe, i`bphfe, sor`bghfe hftm tk` brgs ma khs Umrij

Okbgphmf t`bggbt`s. Bfj, orbji`j, hs tkrmwf khek hftm tk` bhr‚ihc` mf` ma tkms` s`rv`s hf tk`kbfjs ma tk` brtaui Okhf`s`.

H turf tm Tbvì. ’Kmw‘j ymu ihc` tk` ahfbi=‗ H bsc khg.’H tkhfc ht wbs fmt quht` omrròt,‗ k` sbys.

_@I@OZ@J FMZ@_.

*E`rgbf Khstmry luaa T`t`r Lòc`r, hf bf Bueust <0, <44: `-gbhi tm g`, sbhj k` jhjf‘ttkhfc ’Hfsmmc wbs b vhothg ma Cmr`bf Bssmohbthmf pmihthos‗>

’…_k` shgpiy kbj lbj iuoc tkbt jurhfe tkbt thg` Cmr`b kbj twm mutstbfjhfe piby`rs, I`` Bhi`sb bfj Okufe Kyuf _mmc…SbfjW twm gmr` `xoìi`ft piby`rs, Hfsmmc bfj Tbrc Gh \b, wkm omuij fmt c``p up whtk tk` mtk`r twm….Hf tk` `briy s`v`fth`s tk`

Cmr`bf Fbthmfbi Z`bg, omfshsthfe ma tk`s` amur piby`rs, vhsht`j @urmp`bf tmurfbg`ftsblmut mfo` b y`br. Zk`y btt`fj`j tk` 285< _obfjhfbvhbf Mp`f, wk`r` Hfsmmc imst ?-4hf tk` qubrt`r‘s tm A`fe G`fe-yb ma Okhfb. Zk` tmurfbg`ft wbs wmf ly I`` Bhi`sb,

wkm jà`bt`j Okufe Kyuf_mmc hf tk` ahfbis. Tbrc Gh \bbism imst hf tk` qubrt`r‘s, tm

Himfb Qmstmvb, lut wmf tk`jmuli`s whtk I``….SZk`WCmr`bf Z`bg skmw`j up bt tk`_whss Mp`f hf Gbrok,285?….Hf tk` Umg`f‘ss`ghahfbis mfiy Cmr`bfs w`r`

iàt, whtk Hfsmmc imshfe tm I``Bhi`sb hf : ebg`s Swkhi`W Tbrc

Gh \b ups`t Okufe Kyuf_mmc, lut imst tm I`` hf tkàhfbis. Hf tk` jmuli`s ahfbi I``bfj Tbrc jà`bt`j Okufe bfj

Hfsmmc. Tbrc…prmlbliysuaa`r`j tk` sbg` wby bsHfsmmc….‗ Gbhfstbys ma tk` whffhfe Omrlhiimf Oup _mutk Cmr`bf

Z`bg. I-\> Tbrc Gh \b, I`` Bhi`sb, Okufe Kyuf _mmc Tkmtm armg Gby/Nuf` ‛5? Zbli` Z`ffhs Zmphos



:;5

Okbpt`r Zkhrty-_`v`f

285?> _brbn`vm> _hfei`s/Jmuli`s.

Bt _brbn`vm H p`rsmfbiiy jhjf‘t r`pmrt mf tk` _hfei`s bfj

Jmuli`s gbtok`s amr Zmphos, lut, whtk tk` omfshj`rbli` hfput ma _kbzzh Aìst`hf, wkm omv`r`j tk` Umg`f‘s _hfei`s bfj Jmuli`s(ZZZ , Gby-Nuf`, 285?, ??-?1), bfj whtk kìpaui omgg`fts armgJìi _w``rhs‘s Bfbiyst‘s \`pmrt (ZZZ , Gby-Nuf`, 285?, ?;-?8),H‘ii gbc` tk` l`st suggbry ma tk`s` Hfjhvhjubi \`suits H obf. Lmtk_kbzzh bfj Jìi ma omurs` wbtok`j tk`s` gbtok`s armg b piby`r‘s p`rspòthv`, amr `bok wmf tk` Tr`ss Omgp ththmf _hfei s tk`

tmurfbg`ft mrebfhz`rs maa`r`j.

Umg`f‘s _hfei`s

Bs mur P._. wmg`f ahfhsk`j tk`hr Omrlhiimf Oup piby 2; tk

mut ma b ahìj ma :4, tk`y w`r`f‘t `xpòt`j tm bjvbfo` v`ry abr hftk` Hfjhvhjubi `v`fts‚bfj tk`y jhjf‘t. X`t bii ma tk`g piby`j tm tk`hr i`vì bfj sm kbj fmtkhfe

tm l` bskbg`j ma. _u` Khij`lrbfjt aìi hf tk` 2st Trìhghfbry \mufj tm Lìehbf jà`fj`r GbrhÀrbfo` E`rghbt. \`pmrt`r Aìst`hf jhjf‘t tkhfc s`rhmus-ghfj`j _u`‘s bttboc s`v`r` `fmuek, lutwbs hgpr`ss`j tkbt, tkmuek sk` omuijf‘t ahfhsk maa pmhfts, sk` p`rs`v`r`j tm omg` armg l`khfjbfj bigmst whf. _bhj _kbzzh, ’Hf tk` ahatk sk` S_u`W wbs wby l`khfj lut c`pt k`r k`bj tm rbiiytm 2;-bii. Zk`f, jmwf <4-2;, hf tkhs k`r ahrst Umrij‘s, sk` c`pt k`r pmhs` bebhf bfj jùo`j ht.Mfiy tm ims` <?-<2.

Hf k`r 2stTrìhghfbry \mufj,Bfeìhtb \msbi, mf

ahfjhfe lbockbfjmp`fhfes tkbt wmuijs`t up k`r amr`kbfj

sgbsk`s, jmwf`jbfmtk`r Lìehbf, I`bQbf K`yl`òc, ?-4.Zk`f, kmw`v`r, sk`jr`w Libfcb_hikbfmvb, b Ozòk

immp`r wkm amro`jk`r hftm abst-

`xokbfe`, amr`kbfjomuft`r-jrhvhfe piby‚wkhokbppbr`ftiy wbs

birhekt whtk Bfeh`. Hfabot, hf tk` `briy bfj ghj-ebg` 0tk ht bpp`br`j tkbt \msbi wmuij whf, amr sk` wbs up 8-<...22-:. Lut tk`f, sbhj r`pmrt`r Aìst`hf, ’tk` Ozòk ehri obg` mf sm strmfeiy tkbt sk` mutsomr`jBfeh` 25-:.‗ Zmm lbj, bjj`j _kbzzh, ht ’wmuij kbv` l``f b gbrvìmus whf.‗

_kbzzh Aìst`hf

Ukbt ghekt kbv` l``f> Bfeh` (\) fmt quht` b whff`r mv`r tk` Ozòk _hikbfmvbTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



:;;

Nujy Lmok`fsch bjvbfo`j tkrmuek tkr``Trìhg‘s tm r`bok tk` (2<;-piby`r) 2st \mufj prmp`r. Obfbjhbf Aimrb F`sucbhths wbs k`r ahrstvhothg. _kbzzh pmhft`j mut tkbt bat`r ’Nujychii`j `v`rytkhfe‗ tk` ahrst twm ebg`s, ’Aimrb

bpp`br`j v`ry jhsphrht`j,‗ bfj omgpibhf`j tkbt’k`r pusk wbs emhfe tmm khek.‗ Hf tk` ?rj,Aimrb‘s jà`fs` sthaa`f`j, lut tk`f, nust bs sk`ghekt kbv` l``f ehv`f f`w iha`, sk` omuijf‘tquht` tbc` tk` ?rj, tkmuek sk`‘j l``f up <4-2;. F`xt, Lmok`fsch kbj mfiy b ihtti` 2;, 28, 2<trmuli` whtk _whtz`ribfj‘s Qr`fh I`kgbff. Bfj

tk`f, bat`r l`hfe jmwf <-2, mutibst`j tk` F`tk`ribfjs‘ @ii`f Cibtt. Hf tk` 2st \mufj,Nujy imst tm @feibfj‘s Fbthmfbi Nufhmr GhssOkbgp Ihfjb Kmwbrj hf 0‚b t`rrhaho kht bfj

omuft`r-kht gbtok tkbt _kbzzh tkmuekt ’Nujyj`s`rv`j tm whf.‗ Zkmuek tk` ehris spiht tmtbi

pmhfts `xbotiy, Kmwbrj obg` mut mf tmp, 2<, -2:, <2, -28, 28‚whffhfe tk` phvmtbi ?rj, bfj`fjhfe tk` thekt gbtok whtk bf je` lbii.

Tbtty Obsk jr`w b Ly`, tk`f hf k`r <fj Tr`-ihg biimw`j Arbfo`‘s Xvìhf` Iòi`r mfiybf bv`rbe` ma 22 pmhfts p`r ebg`. Fmr hf k`r ?rj Tr`-ihg wbs Tbtty tkr`bt`f`j‚somr`j bf`bsy ?-2 vhotmry mv`r Bustrhb‘s #?, @vb Lmef`r. Fmw, tkmuek, hf tk` 2st \mufj, Tbtty kbj tm piby tk` 2818 Umrij Umg`f‘s Jmuli`s Om-Okbgphmf, myb \ujfmvb. ’Tbtty‘s kbrj-rull`r

limoc bfj aibt kht‗ jhj fmt guok lmtk`r tk` _mvh`t stbr, tkmuek _kbzzh sbhj tkbt \ujfmvb‘s’n`rcy gmv`g`fts‗ bebhfst Tbtty suee`st`j tkbt, ’bitkmuek sk` wbs whffhfe tk` gbtok kbfjhiy,sk` wbsf‘t `fnmyhfe ht.‗

Bk, _kbzzh omfoiuj`j, ha mfiy mur ehris ’w`r` e`merbpkhobiiy imobt`j tm tbc` bjvbftbe`ma strmfe omgp`ththmf. U` f``j b lrhje` hftm tk` autur`. U` f``j smg`mf` hgbehfbthv` wkmobf `fehf``r mur piby`rs‘ ibre`st kmp`s.‗ Zkbt g`bfs w` f``j amr`hef kìp=

_kbzzh gpkbshz`s tkr`` <fj\mufj gbtok`s. _mutk Cmr`bf bttboc`r Tbrc Gh \b wbs amrtufbt` tm e`t ly@feihsk jà`fj`r Nhii Kbgg`rsi`y. Bat`r imshfe tk` ahrst twm ebg`s, Kbgg`rsi`ykbj rbiih`j bfj, bs _kbzzh pmhfts mut,

’wbs wìi bk`bj hf tk` 0tk. Zk`f sk` lòbg` tmm thekt. Zk` ibst a`w pmhfts,

tk` v`ry oruohbi mf`s, sk` trh`j tm kht hfwhtk k`r lbockbfj, bfj ghss`jomgpi`tìy.‗ _kbzzh sbys sk` ibt`r mv`rk`brj Nhii omfahj` tm b arh`fj ’tkbt tk` lbiis sk`‘j trh`j tm sgbsk w`r` s`t-ups‚ht wbs nust

tkbt k`r kbfj wbs tmm skbcy. _m sk` w`ft jmwf, jùo` hf tk` 0tk.‗Bebhfst _obfjhfbvhbf Mp`f Okbgp I`` Bhi`sb, gbhfstby ma _mutk Cmr`b‘s whffhfe

Omrlhiimf Oup Z`bg, Lhrehttb \bjl`re piby`j, bs _kbzzh sbys, ’b imfe jrbaty gbtok (tk`y w`r`bsshef`j b tbli` ly mf` ma tk` jmmrs i`bjhfe hftm tk` kbii Sbfj jhjf‘t prmt`st=W.‗ Zkhs wbs

Nhii Kbgg`rsi`y‘s er`bt

omg`lboc stmpp`j ly _mutk

Cmr`b‘s Tbrc Gh \bTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf

@feibfj‘s Ihfjb

Kmwbrj l`bt b

’j`s`rv`j tm whf‗

Nujy hf 0



:;8

bfmtk`r ma tkms` gbtok`s tkbt skmw`j nust kmw str`bcy piby omuij l`. Armg ’8-bii hf tk` 0tk, tk`Cmr`bf gbj` b a`w lbj skmts, tk`f surprhshfeiy aìi bpbrt. \bjl`re w`ft mf tm whf tk` ebg` <2-24.‗ J`spht` tkhs omiibps`, I``, bat`r piby k`r` hf _brbn`vm, wmuij l` rbfc`j Umrij #<.

\bjl`re‘s _w`jhsk t`bggbt` I`fb Bfj`rsmf, wkmg _kbzzh tkmuekt kbj ’emmjs`rv`s‗ (’Jmf‘t bsc g` wkbt chfj. H kbv` tm piby bebhfst k`r tm cfmw‗), wbs l`bt`f ly Ok`fe

Kubh-yhfe, tk` ’out` Okhf`s` ehri whtk phe-tbhis smg` ma ymu gby r`g`gl`r armg ibst y`br‘sOkhf`s` Z`bg‘s tmur hf tk` P._.,‗ hf b ’emmj, kbrj, abst-khtthfe gbtok.‗Bitkmuek, immchfe lboc, mf` omuij s`` tkbt bat`r 2800 fm @urmp`bf wmgbf wbs `v`r

Umrij _hfei`s Okbgphmf, ht‘s hft`r`sthfe tm fmt` tkbt 28 ma tk` ibst ?< piby`rs hf tkhs ‛5?Umrij‘s Umg`f‘s _hfei`s Okbgphmfskhp w`r` @urmp`bf (5 w`r` Okhf`s`, : Nbpbf`s`, bfj <_mutk Cmr`bf). Kbia b jmz`f y`brs hftm tk` f`w ghii`fhug, kmw gbfy fbthv`-lmrf @urmp`bfswmuij ymu ahfj hf tk` Zmp ?< ma tk` Umrij \bfchfes= Gbyl` :=

Zkr`` ma tk` amur @urmp`bfs wkm‘j l`bt`f mur P._. wmg`f gbj` ht tm tk` ?rj \mufj21tk‘s. Kmw`v`r, mfiy _khibfmvb, wkm‘j immc`j tm l` b ims`r tm Bfeh`, whtk b omft`st`j lutstrbhekt-ebg` whf mv`r tk` P__\‘s \htb Tmemsmvb, wbs bli` tm bjvbfo` tm tk` ;tk‘s. Kmwbrjwbs quhociy jhspbtok`j ly _w`jhsk Okbgphmf \bjl`re. Lut \ujfmvb, stbrthfe simwiy bebhfst

Tbrc Gh \b, put up b ahekt. _kbzzh sbys tkbt tk` _mvh`t ehri ’moobshmfbiiy turf`j tm Emgmzcmv,tk` mfiy \usshbf shtthfe tk`r` amr tk` lèhffhfe ma tk` gbtok, bs ha amr kìp mr r`bssurbfo`. Lut

bii sk` emt wbs tk` lboc ma khs k`bj‚‛obus` k` wbs wbtokhfe mtk`r gbtok`s.‗ Bat`r \ujfmvbkbj imst tk` ahrst twm ebg`s, tk` <fj bt 28 bs sk` wbs lèhffhfe tm ahfj k`r ebg`, bfj kbjtk`f, bs mtk`r \usshbfs obg` ly tm wbtok, wmf tk` ?rj bt 2:, sk` immc`j ihc` sk` ghekt turftk` gbtok brmufj. Lut _kbzzh wbs orhthobi ma ’kmw ihtti` fomurbe`g`ft‗ bfymf` ebv` k`r.’Q`ry ihtti` oibpphfe mr r`bssurbfo`.‗ Zkhs, _kbzzh rhektiy tkmuekt, ghekt kbv` baaòt`j tk` <2-2; :tk bfj ahfbi ebg` mutomg`.

Zwm ma tk` s`v`f Okhf`s` w`r` stmpp`j hf tk` 21tk‘s. Okmpp`r Okmu Tbm-okhf, jmwf bebg` (bfj 08-0; jmwf b pmhft) emhfe hftm tk` :tk, wbs sujj`fiy (bfj surprhshfeiy=)mv`rpmw`r`j ly Nbpbf‘s Zmgh` @jbfm, bism b skbc`kbfjs piby`r. Xbfe Okuf, b p`fkmij`r

swbtthfe bwby bt Kufebry‘s L`btrhx Chskbzh‘s pr`jhotbli` okmp r`turfs, wbs up <-2 bfj <4-28gbtok pmhft wk`f‚surprhs`, surprhs`‚Chskbzh uf`xpòt`jiy ’sgboc`j hf b emmj lbockbfj‗bfj w`ft mf tm whf tkbt :tk ebg` bt jùo`, bfj tk`f tk` 0tk bt 28. ’Umw,‗ sbhj _kbzzh, r`biiy

struoc ly Chskbzh‘s `xp`rtiy-thg`j bfj a`bri`ss j`pbrtur` armg tk` ehv`f‚tk` ’`xo`pthmf‗ tkbt prmv`j tk` ’rui`‗ ma y`brs ma suoo`ssaui jà`fshv` piby.

Bfmtk`r Okhf`s`, tkmuek gmvhfe bk`bj, xp`rh`fo`j bjhaahouit, jùo`-hf-tk`-:tk thg` whtk Chskbzh‘s tbii, kuscyt`bggbt`, Nujht Gbems, b p`fkmij bttboc`r. Jhttm, 28-hf-tk`-:tk, amr _mutk Cmr`bf Okufe Kyuf _mmc‘s bjvbfo` mv`r

Xuemsibv‘s \`si`r.Hf tk` rmufj ma 21 @bst vs. U`st gbtok`s, P__\‘s

@ighrb Bftmfhbf ups`t Okhfb‘s Ok`fe Ghf-okhk, wkm‘j l``ftk` ruff`r-up bt Fbemyb. _kbzzh, wkm‘j wbtok`j tkhs gbtokarmg b jhstbfo`, sbhj tkbt ht ’immc`j ihc` b pusk-phoc ebg` btahrst, tk`f gmr` ihc` tk` \usshbf wbs khtthfe bfj tk` Okhf`s`

okmpphfe.‗ Ukbt`v`r tk` strbtèy, ly wkmg`v`r, tk` Okhf`sìmst, wkhsp`r-oims`‚28 hf tk` 0tk.

Okhfb‘s Ihf G`h-ok`f, bat`r whffhfe tk` 2st, w`ftjmwf jmohiìy tm \bjl`re.

P__\‘s @ighrb Bftmfhbf



:84

Okhfb maas`t tkms` ims`s smg` whtk Ku Xu-ibf‘s strbhekt-ebg` jà`bt ma \mgbfhb‘s a`hstyGbrhb Bi`xbfjru, b t`fbohmus, fmt biwbys ibjy-ihc`jà`fj`r.

@urmp`bfs imst twm ma tk` r`gbhfhfe tkr``

Ozòks‚Kbfb \h`jimvb wbs orusk`j ly tk`Cmr`bf Okufe, bfj _hikbfmvb wbs l`bt`f hf : lyOkhfb‘s Okbfe Ih, gbfy y`brs ibt`r ^kbfe Ih, tk`P._. Fbthmfbi Umg`f‘s Ombok.

Lut Ozòk Mp`f Okbgp Bihohb Ermamvbrms` armg tk` j`bj bebhfst Kufebry‘s Zmp 2<whff`r, jà`fj`r Chskbzh. Bat`r imshfe tk` 2st,

Ermamvb kbj l``f up 21-8...mfiy tm `v`ftubiiyjrmp tkhs ebg`, bs ha gmrtbiiy strhoc`f, bt 25._urìy sk` wbs ahfhsk`j. Lut, fm, rbiiyhfe, sk` wmftk` ?rj. Bfj tk`f, _kbzzh tìis us, ’Bt 28-bii hf tk`

:tk Ermamvb kht hf tkr`` v`ry emmj, kbrj skmts hfsuoo`sshmf tm whf tk` pmhft‗ bfj armg tk`r` pr`vbhi`j.

Hf @bst vs. @bst gbtok`s, mf` Nbpbf`s` obg` tkrmuek, mf` jhjf‘t. Xuch` Mkz`ch, wkm,hf 285:, hf tk` ahrst lhe wbv` ma amr`hef piby`rs tm `ft`r mur P._. Mp`f wmuij whf tkÙmg`f‘s Okbgphmfskhp, sfhpp`j tk` phe-tbhis maa Okhfb‘s Ok`fe Kubh-yhfe, 28 hf tk` :tk. LutZmgh` @jbfm wbs mutkht bfj, jmwf <4-28 hf tk` jòhjhfe ?rj, mutf`tt`j, ly tk` Cmr`bf Tbrc.

Mf` @urmp`bf okbfo` amr tk` s`gh‘s sihpp`j bwby wk`f \bjl`re, up <-2 mf Ku hf bgbtok tkbt wbs mat`f b puskhfe juì, omuijf‘t survhv` tk` bjv`ft ma tk` @xp`jht` \ui` hf tk`

ibt` stbe`s ma tk` :tk. ’Hf tk` 0tk,‗ _kbzzh tìis us, ’Ku, khtthfe hf smg` gbefhaho`ft skmts mfk`r s`rvho`, hs up 24-5 bt tk` turf. \bjl`re e`ts thekt, lèhfs gbchfe gmr` ghstbc`s bs sk`s``s k`r okbfo`s sihpphfe bwby bfj obf mfiy e`t mf` gmr` pmhft.‗

@urmp`, kmw`v`r, wbs sthii bssur`j ma b s`ghahfbihst. Lut wkm= Bftmfhbf bfj Ermamvb lèbf ly pibyhfe b t`fs` 2st ebg`. ’Bftmfhbf‘s immp ebv` Ermamvb smg` trmuli`,‗ sbhj_kbzzh‚’smg`thg`s tk` Ozòk ehri limoc`j ht lboc tmm khek bfj tk` \usshbf chii`j ht.

Bftmfhbf kht wìi, lmtk amr`kbfjs bfj lbockbfjs, maa tk` pusk. Ermamvb wbs khtthfe tmm‚lutfmt bs guok.‗ Uk`f Ermamvb wmf tkhs 2st ebg` bt 28 ht gust kbv` ehv`f k`r omfahj`fo`, amr,bs _kbzzh sbys, sk` ’lèbf khtthfe gmr`, spòhbiiy b kbrj amr`kbfj jmwf tk` ihf`‗‚bfj, whtkBftmfhbf‘s ebg` hf tbtt`rs, tk` gbtok turf`j hftm bf ;, 22 rmut.

Nbpbf‘s ibst okbfo` tm rèbhf tk` thti` sk`‘j bigmst tbc`f amr erbft`j armg tk` ghj-04‘sbii tkrmuek tk` ‛14‘s wbs tkwbrt`j wk`f Mkz`ch wbs l`bt`f hf b 28 hf tk` :tk swhfea`st ly

Tbrc.Tbrc‘s t`bggbt` Okufe immc`j bs ha sk` ghekt omg` tkrmuek bat`r sk` tmmc tk` ahrst

twm ebg`s armg Ku. ’Zk` Okhf`s` p`fkmij`r piby`j b fho` st`bjy tmpsphf tm tk` Cmr`bf ehri‘s lbockbfj okmp,‗ sbhj _kbzzh. ’_mg`thg`s‚wk`f sk` wbs hf trmuli`‚tk` Cmr`bf kht. Bt <4-bii hf tk` <fj, sk` smoc`j b lbockbfj hf amr mf` pmhft, b amr`kbfj hf amr bfmtk`r.‗ Lut wk`fsk` imst tk` ?rj bt 2;, sk` omuij fm imfe`r okbii`fe`.

Zk` s`gh‘s l`tw``f Ermamvb bfj Tbrc kbj tm kbv` l``f guok bfthohpbt`j, amr fmCmr`bf kbj `v`r l``f hf b Umgbf‘s ahfbi. Hf whffhfe 28, 2;, -28, 2:, _kbzzh sbhj, ’Ermamvb khtgmr` tkhs gbtok‗‚hf abot, s``g`j tm turf hftm b khtt`r. Amr tk` ahrst thg` hf bt i`bst <4 y`brstk`f, Ozòkmsimvbchb, mfo` b er`bt pmw`r hf tk` _pmrt, kbj b _hfei`s ahfbihst.

Okhfb‘s Okbfe Ih -

ibt`r P._. Fbthmfbi Ombok ^kbfe IhArmg Okhfb‘s Zbli` Z`ffhs



:82

Ermamvb‘s o`rtbhf mppmf`ft wbs b Okhf`s`. Ukm, o`rtbhfiy, tk` Okhf`s` kbj jòhj`jwmuij whf wbs l`st cfmwf mfiy tm tk`gsìv`s. _kbzzh‘s j`sorhpthmf ma tkhs Ku Xu-ibf/OkbfeIh s`gh‘s suee`sts ufo`rtbhfty. ’Zk` pbtt`rf wbs tkhs> s`rv`, pusk b a`w, tk`f phoc mf`(amr`kbfj mr lbockbfj) mr e`t hftm bf `xokbfe`. Lmtk piby`rs‘ styi`s vbrh`j smg`wkbt armg

tk`hr pr`vhmus piby. Okbfe Ih, tk` p`fkmij`r, kbj us`j b amr`kbfj tmpsphf tm l`bt tk` Cmr`bfOkufe Kyuf _mmc‚lut hf tkhs gbtok sk` jhjf‘t us` tkbt skmt bt bii. Ku Xu-ibf, tk`skbc`kbfjs piby`r, kbj l`bt`f \bjl`re ly puskhfe, okmpphfe, bfj mfiy moobshmfbiiy khtthfe‚

tk`f sk` kbjf‘t l``f hft`r`st`j hf xokbfehfe. (_k`‘j bism brih`r us`j b amr`kbfj rmii tm l`btBi`xbfjru‚fmw hf tkhs gbtok sk` jhjf‘t us` ht bt bii.) Fmw sk` jhj b imt ma `xokbfehfe. Pp <-2 bfj <4-2; hf tk` :tk, sk` s`rv`j maa. _kmws ht obf kbpp`f tm bfylmjy, kuk= Lut tk`f sk` emt

k`r f`xt s`rv` up bfj mv`r, bfj Okbfe r`turf`j ht hftm tk` f`t.‗ Ha tkhs wbs b omj`j `fjhfe,ymu r`bj ht.

Bt tk` ibst Umrij‘s hf Fbemyb, hf tk` qubrt`r‘s ma tk` _hfei`s, Ermamvb kbj abo`j Okhfbsup`rstbr Ok`fe Ghf-okhk (‛52 Umg`f‘s bfj Ghx`j Jmuli`s Okbgphmf bfj _hfei`s ruff`r-up). Zk`f tk` Ozòk kbj l``f jòhj`jiy okòc`j‚kbj gbfbe`j b ?-ebg` tmtbi ma mfiy ?< pmhfts. B shef, ymu sby, ma Ermamvb‘s okbfo`s hf ‛5?= Omrr ot. Lut ehv`f k`r hgprmv`g`ft hf

e`tthfe tm tk` ahfbi (bfj b jrbw tkbt `fbli`j k`r tm bvmhj tk` Okhf`s`), tkhs thg` sk` somr`j :< pmhfts.

_m, Umrij Okbgphmfskhp tm Ku Xu-ibf. Bfj Ozòkmsimvbchb wmuij kbv` tm wbht...bfjwbht...bfj wbht làmr` bfy ma k`r piby`rs wmuij kbv` suok bf mppmrtufhty bebhf.

Umg`f‘s/Ghx`j Jmuli`s

Hf tk` bls`fo` ma Ihf Kuh-okhfe, Ok`fe Ghf-okhk omuij fmt jà`fj k`r Umg`f‘sJmuli`s thti`, lut bfmtk`r Okhf`s` pbhr‚Okmu Tbm-okhf bfj Ihf G`h-okuf‚obg` tm tkàmràrmft, jà`bthfe, ahrst, I`` bfj Tbrc, jùo` hf tk` :tk hf tk` qubrt`r‘s (mur Nujy bfj Tbtty, pibyhfe wìi, kbj `brih r amro`j tk`s` Cmr`bfs hftm b <?-<2 ebg`), tk`f jmwfhfe @urmp`bf

Bihohb ErmamvbTkmtm ly Nboc Uh`f`r

Okhfb‘s Ku Xu-ibf (I) jà`bts Ozòkmsibvchb‘s Bihohb Ermamvb tm whf

tk` 285? Umrij Umg`f‘s _hfei`sTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



:8<

jà`fshv` stbrs Chskbzh bfj Kbgg`rsi`y, 28 hf tk` 0tk hf tk` s`gh‘s. Armg tk` mtk`r shj` obgàmrg`r Umrij Umg`f‘s Jmuli`s Okbgphmf Gbrhb Bi`xbfjru, wkm‘j wmf 2< y`brs `brih`r whtkb \ugbfhbf t`bggbt`, lut wbs pbhr`j k`r` whtk b Nbpbf`s`, Ghkm Kbgbjb, wkm‘j fmt gbj`tk` ibst ?< hf tk` _hfei`s. Hf lmtk tk` qubrt`r‘s bfj tk` s`gh‘s, bebhfst fmf-Okhf`s` t`bgs,tk`y‘j wmf omgamrtbliy hf tk` :tk. H tkmuekt tkbt, shfo` Chskbzh bfj Kbgg`rsi`y, hf tkbt kbia

ma tk` jrbw whtk tk` strmfe Okhf`s`, kbj cfmoc`j mut Okbfe Ih bfj Ok`fe Kubh-yhfe hf tk`qubrt`r‘s bfj w`r` pibyhfe Okmu bfj Ihf jmwf tm tk` whr` hf tk` 0tk, Okhfb ghekt biimw tk`gtk` okbfo` tm whf tk` thti`. Hfst`bj, tk` Okhf`s` okms` tm amij bebhfst tk` Bi`xbfjru-Kbgbjb pbhr hf wkbt kbj tm l` bf 22, 2;, 2: j`lboi` ma b ahfbi.

Hft`r`sthfeiy, tmm, hf tk` Ghx`j, Ih Ih, wkm jhjf‘t gbc` tk` ibst ?< hf _hfei`s, bfj wkmwmuijf‘t l` rbfc`j hf tk` Zmp ?4 hf tk` wmrij, t`bg`j whtk Ihbfe Cm-ihbfe, wkms` stbtur` kbjabii`f whtk tkbt th`-turfhfe Z`bg imss tm _w`j`f‘s Hfe`gbr Uhcstrmg, tm whf tk` thti`. Ubs

tk`r` bf bii-Okhf`s` ahfbi= Zkbt kbj j`p`fj`j mf...hf tkhs obs`, tk` _mvh`t‘s Bfbtmiy _trmcbtmvbfj Bstrb E`jrbhtht`. Hf tk` rmufj ma 21 tk`y‘j emtt`f ly mf` amrghjbli` Okhf`s` pbhr,Jà`fjhfe Okbgphmfs Okbfe _khk-ihf bfj Ok`fe Ghf-okhk, 2; hf tk` 0tk, bfj hf tk` s`gh‘stk`y‘j jà`bt`j Xu Okbfe-okuf bfj Ok`fe Kubh-yhfe -20, 2:, <4, 2<. T`rkbps tk`f ht wbs tmm

guok tm bsc ma _trmcbtmv (Umrij #?4) bfj E`jrbhtht` (Umrij #<<) tkbt tk`y‘j l`bt tk` tkhrjOkhf`s` pbhr‚bfj tk`y imst 28 hf tk` :tk.

G`f‘s _hfei`s

Nust bs mur wmg`f jhjf‘t glbrrbss tk`gsìv`s hf _hfei`s piby, f`htk`r jhj mur g`f‚tk`y,tmm, p`ramrg`j bt tk`hr i`vì. Lut kbj w` gbj` tk` Ahrst Jhvhshmf, tk`y ghekt kbv` kbj tkòmfahj`fo` tm puii mut smg` gbtok`s tk`y imst. Hf tk` <fj Trìhghfbry \mufj, hf wkhok tk`y w`r` biisthii omgp`thfe, T`t`r Trbjht, wkm‘j brih`r kbj -28, 28, 20, 21 prmli`gs whtk tk` F`tk`ribfjs‘ #<,

L`rt _okmmas, suoougl`j tm Bustrbihb‘s Tbui Thfc`whok hf 0, bat`r l`hfe up 2-4 bfj bt jùo` hf tk`<fj. Bfj Aubrfbjm \ml`rts wbs l`bt`f, 28 hf tk` :tk, ly _okmmas‘ t`bggbt`, Fhom Qmf _imll`, tk` F`tk`ribfjs #:. Kmw`v r, Jbffy _``ghii`r bjvbfo j whtk b <-2 whf mv r tk` _whss Gbrcus

Arutsokh. Bfj L`rfh` Luch`t, wkm quht` ihcìy wbs tk` mij`st piby`r hf tk` omgp`ththmf, lìh`j khs0:-y`br-mij iès ly omfthfuhfe tm bjvbfo` whtkmut imshfe b ebg`.

Aubrfbjm \ml`rts hf imshfe hf : tm tk`

F`tk`ribfj‘s Fhom Qmf _imll` jrbws tk` btt`fthmf

ma tk` @feihsk Umg`f‘s Z`bgTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf

P._. Okbgphmf J-N I`` hs fm gbtok amr p`r`ffhbi

Ar`fok Okbgphmf Nboqu`s _òr`thfTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



:8?

Hf tk` ?rj Trìhghfbry \mufj, hf b gbtok mf bfmtk`r jby k` ghekt kbv` wmf tkr``strbhekt, Jbffy sbw khs gmg`ftug 2:, -<<, -<?, -2? blruptiy stmpp`j ly Xuemsibvhb‘s #5,Ghimrbj ^hvbfmvho. Bfj L`rfh`‘s kmp`s tmm w`r` qubsk`j, 2; hf tk` :tk, ly Bustrbihb‘s_t`pk`f Cfbpp. Bs amr mur Okbgphmf, J-N I``, wkm‘j l``f jrbwf hftm tk` 2<;-`ftry prmp`r,k` imst, ?-zhp bs `xpòt`j, tm Nboqu`s _òr`thf, tk` Ar`fok #2. Bitkmuek bii mur g`f w`r`

ìhehli` amr tk` Omfsmibthmf `v`ft, J-N lèe`j maa whtk b smr` bfci`, bfj ma tk` mtk`rs mfiyJbffy piby`j‚bfj r`bok`j tk` :tk \mufj làmr` imshfe, <-4, tm Xuemsibv jà`fj`r LìbG`sbrms.

@v`f bat`r tk` omft`fjhfe piby`rs kbj r`bok`j tk` rmufj ma ?<, 2: ma tk` 21 gbtok`sw`ft lut ? ebg`s‚fmf` gmr` strhchfeiy imst tkbf (p`rkbps Tbvì, tk` Xuemsibv psyokmimehst,jhsomurbe`j, kbj iàt tk` Z`bg=) Ghihvmn Cbrbcbs`vho‘s :, 2<, 5 omiibps` vs. Nbpbf‘s 2815ruff`r-up Ghtsuru Cmkfm.

Bitkmuek @urmp`bfs omgprhs`j ?/: ma tk` 21tk‘s ahìj, b fugl`r ma @urmp`‘s ahf` piby`rs `htk`r mlvhmusiy ufj`rp`ramrg`j bat r bjvbfohfe tm tkbt ?rj rmufj mr, wmrs`, w`rùps`t hf tk` 2st mr <fj rmufj. _m, hf abhrf`ss tm Cbrbcbs`vho bfj tk` Ozòk Nbrmsibv Cufz(wkm bv`rbe`j mfiy 22 pmhfts bebhfst Nbpbf‘s Xunhrm Hgbfm), bfj tm suok v`ry strmfe piby`rs

bs _tìibf L`fetssmf, Hstvbf Nmfy`r, Zhlmr Cibgpbr, bfj @l`rkbrj _okmi`r‚bs wìi bs Okhf`sèhbfts Ksu _kbm-ab, Ih Okhfe-cubfe, bfj Zhbm U`f-yubf‚ht ghekt l` wìi tm fmt` P._.

Bfbiyst Jìi _w``rhs‘s tkmuekts mf kmw ’tk` eruìhfe t`bg `v`ft‗ kbj tm baaòt tk` shfei`s p`ramrgbfo ma smg` ma tk` c`y piby`rs.

Zk` gbtok`s hf tk` Z`bg‘s, Jìi pmhft`j mut, ’w`r` bii sm oims` lòbus` ma tk` f`wsyst`g wk`r` ymu mfiy piby tk` t`bgs ymu br` oims` tm.‗ Zkbt hs, wkbt`v`r tk` Jhvhshmf, tk` 2:t`bgs hf ht w`r` ermup`j boomrjhfe tm omftheumus rbfchfes, jhvhj`j hftm twm rmufj rmlhfs,bfj, bat`r tk` shx th`s w`r` omgpi`t`j, piby`j twm gmr` ormssmv`r th`s amr ahfbi pmshthmfhfe.

’Zk`r` w`r` gmr` 0-: bfj 0-? th`s hf tkhs Umrij‘s tkbf bfy H kbv` s``f bfj wk`f ymu br`hfvmiv`j hf b c`y, oims` gbtok ymu jm fmt kmij lboc ymur ebg` tm sbv` `f`rey amr tk`_hfei`s.‗

Jìi suee`st`j tkbt p`rkbps ht‘j l` l`tt`r ha, bat`r tk` Z`bg‘s, Jmuli`s piby wmuij prò`j` _hfei s. K` fmt`j tkbt _w`j`f‘s Cnìi Nmkbfssmf, ufihc` smg` mtk`r emmj piby`rs,rò`hv`j bf xtrb ly` hf tk` jrbw wkhok, shfo` k`‘j imst smg` uf`xpòt`j gbtok`s hf tk`

Z`bg‘s (tm tk` Hfjmf`shbf Ptmgm, amr `xbgpi`), ghekt kbv` kìp`j khg ròmv`r khs str`fetkbfj biimw khg tm lòmg` l`tt`r amous`j. T`rkbps Jìi wbs rhekt, amr tkmuek ’Zk` Kbgg`r‗bjvbfo`j tm tk` rmufj ma 21, k` jhjf‘t biwbys kht tk` fbhi mf tk` k`bj hf khs 28, 2<, <4 gbtokwhtk tk` Cmr`bf Okmh. Bs amr Nmkbfssmf‘s t`bggbt` L`fetssmf, k` immc`j skbcy armg tk` lèhffhfe‚lbr iy l`bt tk` ourr`ft E`rgbf Fbthmfbi Okbgphmf, limoc`r Uhiarh`j Ihòc

Zk` mfiy twm gbtok`s hf tk` rmufj ma ?< tkbt w`ft amur ebg`s hfvmiv`j Okhf`s`

piby`rs. _obfjhfbvhbf Mp`f ruff`r-up Xu-Xh-ts` wbst`j b <2-; ebg` bebhfst Nbpbf‘s Cuz`,amr, tkmuek Xu mutsomr`j khs mppmf`ft hf tmtbi pmhfts, 51-5?, k` imst -<4, -<4, -20. Bfj Ksh

@f-thfe ebv` up tk` 2st ebg` làmr` biimwhfe Kufebry‘s Lì`zfbh mfiy ?0 pmhfts hf tk` ibst ?.Hfohj`ftbiiy, _w``rhs jhjf‘t tkhfc guok ma Lì`zfbh‘s gmr` oì`lrbt`j t`bggbt`s, Nmfy`r bfjCibgpbr, bfj tk` spòtbouibr shj`sphf immps tk`y‘j lrmuekt tm tk` ‛52 Umrij‘s. Zk`hr jhsous-tkrmw`r gmthmf kbj tm l` `xòut`j armg b s`t pmshthmf bfj b j``p mf`, bfj Jìi aìt tkbt bfy

r`turf wmuij j`gbfj‚wkbt wbs mat`f fmt amrtkomghfe‚b ’sgmmtk ròmv`ry bfj amiimw-up.‗_urvhvmrs hftm tk` rmufj ma 21 hfoiuj`j 24 @urmp`bfs, ? Okhf`s`, bfj ? Nbpbf`s` (tkmuek

fmt Fmlukhcm Kbsèbwb, wkms` sphf ebg` armg j``p omurt _w``rhs tkmuekt fm imfe`r smàaòthv`, fmr Fmrhm Zbcbskhgb wkm‘j suaa`r`j b lboc hfnury hf tk` t`bg th` bebhfst _w`j`f).



:8:

Zkr``-ebg` whff`rs hf tk`s` ;tk‘s w`r`>

Ksh mv`r Emgmzcmv (<?-<2 hf tk` <fj)‚bat`r tk` \usshbf kbj jmf` tk` ehbft-chiihfe

nml ma cfmochfe mut Jà`fjhfe Umrij Okbgphmf L`fetssmf wkmg Jìi kbj sbhj ’wbs oi briy

tk` l`st piby`r‗ bt tk`s` Okbgphmfskhps.

Lmrzs`h, `bshiy, mv`r Hgbfm.

_url`c, wkm‘j jrmpp`j b ebg` tm Obfbjb‘s @rrmi Ob`tbfm, mv`r Cuz` (<<-<4 hf tk`?rj). Ma omurs` smg` w`r` sbyhfe tkbt tk` jrbw kbj l``f ’ahx`j‗ hf khs abvmr.

_thpbfoho mv`r Ih Au-nufe (28, 2:, <2), wkmg _w``rhs sbhj fmw ’kbj b sk``t ma

hfv`rt`j (tm us` hf s`rvhfe) mf khs ufus`j shj` ma tk` pbjji`.‗ Jìi aìt tkbt bt i`bst mf` f`w

s`rv` tk` Okhf`s` w`r` prmgmthfe r`biiy jhjf‘t wmrc v`ry wìi. Zk`y ’tmss`j tk` lbii blmut

amur a``t hf tk` bhr bfj bs ht obg` jmwf tk`y wmuij aiutt`r tk`hr kbfj rhekt tk`f iàt bfj tk`f

amrwbrj bfj tk` s`rv` wmuij sp``j abst bfj j``p tm tk`hr mppmf`fts.‗ Zk` ’emmj‗ piby`rs,

Jìi sbhj, ’w`r` sm obuekt up hf tk` gmthmf tkbt tk`y amremt tm wbtok tk` lbii.‗ Lut tk` ’er`bt‗

piby`rs ’s``g`j tm kbv` ihtti` trmuli` hf amiimwhfe tk` sphf, r ibxhfe bfj amroàuiiy r`turfhfe

tk` s`rv`s.‗

_hfo` Ih Au-nufe kbj b amrghjbli` w`bpmf hf khs mwf amr`kbfj bttboc bebhfst tk`

p`fkmij bttbocs ma Cmr b‘s Kmfe Okmfe Kymf bfj Nbpbf‘s Zmchm Zbsbcb, ht wbs b skmoc tm

_w``rhs tkbt bebhfst _thpbfoho‘s twm-shj`j sphf ebg` Ih omuijf‘t beer`sshvìy tbc` tk` maa`fs`

whtk bfy boourboy bfj sm wbs r`juo`j tm gbhfiy limochfe.

Zk` ibst \usshbf, _brckbybf, zhpp`j bwby tk` ibst @feihskgbf, F`bi`‚lut fmt làmr`

J`fhs whtk khs phps bfj pibo`g`fts kbj rull`j mut Kbsèbwb bfj Kufebry‘s Eblmr E`reìy.

Zk`r` w`r` twm amur-ebg` ;tk‘s gbtok`s>

_òr`thf jà`bt Ihbfe Cm-ihbfe (prmvhfe tkbt tkms` wkm‘j imllh`j amr tk` ièhthgboy ma

tk` Ar`fokgbf‘s whf mv`r Ihbfe hf tk` Z`bg‘s w`r` nusthah`j=).

Nmkbfssmf -2;, 21, <4, 21 stmpp`j 2852 Omfsmibthmf Okbgphmf Hstvbf Cmrpb, wkm‘j

`brih`r tbc`f mut ‛18 ruff`r-up _okmi`r.

Bfj hf tk` mf` 0-ebg` gbtok tkbt sbw tk` ibst ma tk` mfo` pmw`raui Nbpbf`s`, GhibfMrimwsch, ahfbihst tm L`fetssmf hf tk` Ozòk Mp`f, rbiih`j armg <-2 jmwf tm jrbgbthobiiy (<2-

1) ahfhsk maa Cmkfm. _w``rhs wbs ufj`rstbfjbliy hgpr`ss`j whtk tkhs Ozòk‘s bjvbfo` bfj khs

20-: ròmrj hf tk` Z`bg `v`ft.

Kmw`v`r, tkmuek _w``rhs sbhj Mrimwsch kbj mat`f j`gmfstrbt`j ’tk` blhihty tm piby maa

sphf bfj tk` quhocf`ss tm omuft`r tk` pmw`r ma khs mppmf`ft,‗ hf tk` qubrt`r‘s, hf imshfe hf : tm

tk` tbothobiiy bj`pt Ksh @f-thfe, k` skmw`j ’b sihekt hfblhihty tm piby b amroàui ebg` whtkmut

ushfe tk` i`bj ma khs mppmf`ft.‗

Jìi prmnòt`j, ha fmt r`s`rvbthmfs blmut Nmkbfssmf‘s ebg`, bf bwbr`f`ss tkbt wkbt

wbs mfo` sm iòtrho blmut khs piby kbj l``f gmjhah`j‚sbhj k` ’wbs fmt bfytkhfe ihc` tk`

omimraui ‛kbgg`r‘ ma tk` ibt` 2814‘s. Zk`r` w`r` fmt f`briy sm gbfy chii skmts armg t`f a``t

lboc. K` wbs fmt sphffhfe armg tk` lbrrh rs whtk er`bt rbfe`.‗ Lut khs qubrt`r‘s piby wbs

strmfe `fmuek tm e`t khg ly tk` sgmmtk-immchfe _brckbybf hf 0.

Zk` obs` kbj l``f gbj` tkbt, bat`r tk` imobis kbj s``f tk` piby ma _url`c bfj

_thpbfoho, tk` _pmrt wmuij lòmg` gmr` pmpuibr hf _brbn`vm. Uk`tk`r tkhs wbs tru` mr fmt,

Zmp 2< ahfbihst _url`c, hf mv`rpmw`rhfe _òr`thf ?-4, bfj _thpbfoho, hf sphffhfe jmwf

Kufebry‘s surprhshfe (bfthsphf piby`r=) Nbfms Lmrzs`h hf :, w`r` o`rtbhfiy jmhfe tk`hr pbrt‚bs

w`r` tk` jrbwgbc`rs bat`r Xuemsibvhb‘s pmmr p`ramrgbfo` hf tk` Z`bg‘s.



:80

Hf tk` s`gh‘s, kmw`v`r, tk` kmg`-omuftry k`rm`s g`t tk`hr kbrj-amuekt `fj. Mf` k`brjwkhsp`rs, tk`f wkhsti`s. Zwm v`ry jhsbppmhfthfe gbtok`s amr gmst ma tk` sp`otbtmrs. Ksh 28,

28, -2<, -<4, 28 spmhi`j b sthrrhfe omg`lboc ly _thpbfoho, bfj Nmkbfssmf, bfokmr`j fmw bt tk`tbli`, wbs bli` tm omftbhf tk` the`r hf _url`c, <4, -21, 2?, -2?, 21.

_thpbfoho vs. whff`r Ksh @f-thfeTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf

_url`c vs. whff`r NmkbfssmfTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



:81

Zk` ahfbi, wmf ly Ksh, 2;,-2?, -2?, 28, 2;, wbs b stujy hf lbii omftrmi ly lmtk piby rs._w``rhs wmfj`r`j wky, shfo` Ksh’us`j khs lbockbfj wìi hf

r`turfhfe sphf bfj pibo`g`ft,‗ bfjtk`ràmr` f`v`r aìt tk` f``j tm l`hf bfy wby ’j`sp`rbt`‗ whtk khsamr`kbfj, k` piby`j p`fkmij`r.Uky, sbhj Jìi, kbj Ksh emf`tkrmuek ’tk` beerbvbthmf ma i`brfhfe tk` uffbturbi xòuthmf ma

b p`fkmij lbockbfj wk`f tk`sup`rhmr p`fkmij amr`kbfj hs fmtus`j=‗

Kmw`v`r, _w``rhs jhj

bpprmv` ma Nmkbfssmf‘s f`w-gbj`gmjhahobthmfs tm khs `brih`r

aibglmybft ’kbgg`r‗ styi`. Fmw,sbhj Jìi, Cnìi ’strbhekt-omuft`rstk` lbii whtk lmtk amr`kbfj bfj lbockbfj armg blmut mf` tm ahvà``t armg tk` tbli`. Khs lbockbfjhs fmw v`ry omfshst`ft bfj aaòthv` bfj fm imfe`r f``js tm l` omgp`fsbt`j amr whtk khs

amr`kbfj. @v`rytkhfe fmw immcs omftrmii`j bfj sur` hfst`bj ma aibsky bfj b lht ufsur`.‗ _thii,`rrmrs br` hf`vhtbli`. Pp <-2 bebhfst Ksh, lut jmwf <4-28, Nmkbfssmf (ufsur`=) pusk`j khss`rv` r`turf hftm tk` f`t. Zkbt wbs v`ry omstiy lòbus` bitkmuek tk` `fj-ebg` hf tk` 0tk tmm

omuij kbv` l``f wmf ly `htk`r piby`r, ht wbs Ksh wkmg Okbfo` r`p`bt`jiy abvmr`j.

G`f‘s Jmuli`s

Zkr`` ma tk` amur Okhf`s` jmuli`s t`bgs bjvbfo`j tm tk` qubrt`r‘s‚tkmuek Ksh @f-thfe/Ubfe U`f-kub, kbvhfe tbc`f k`brt hf `brih`r lbttihfe tk`hr wby ly mur J-N I``/T`t`r Trbjht jum hf 0, ibps`j b ihtti` gmr`, amr hf whffhfe -21, -22, 28, <4, ; ebv` Cmkfm/Zbsbcb, tk`mfiy Nbpbf`s` t`bg hf tk` ibst 21, `v`ry mppmrtufhty tm stby bihv`. Xmu ghekt bism sby tkbt hftk` qubrt`r‘s tkhs Okhf`s` pbhr, suoo``jhfe hf imshfe tkhs thg`, w`r` 20, -21, 21, -5, -2?, mv`riye`f`rmus tm _url`c/_thpbfoho.

Zk` mtk`r twm Okhf`s` t`bgs bism imst hf tk` qubrt`r‘s, s`tthfe up b sur` @urmp`bfwhff`r. L`fetssmf/Nmkbfssmf <2, -2;, 28, << w`r` strhchfeiy t`st`j ly bf bppbr`ftiy

hfvhemrbt`j Ihbfe bfj khs pbrtf`r, Xu Okbfe-okuf, wkm‘j l``f fm tkr`bt bt bii hf tk` shfei`s.Bfj Nmfy`r mf e`tthfe Cibgpbr mut ma tkms` up bfj jmwf ì`vbtmrs k` wbs r`pmrt`j tm kbv`sm guok `fnmy`j rhjhfe hf, bfj st``rhfe khg mut tm omurt bs ha amr b auf stmp mf b aimmr whtk bfmv`rvh`w, gbst`rghfj`j tk`hr stby imfe `fmuek tm whf tkr`` <?-<2 ebg`s armg Zhbm/Xu.

Bfj nust bs Cbrbcbs`vho/Cmrpb kbjf‘t quht` l``f bli` tm rhs` tm tk` moobshmf, imshfe hftk` 0tk, bat`r l`hfe jmwf <-4, tm _òr`thf bfj N.J. Omfstbft‚tk` Ar`fok t`bg tk` _w`j`swmuijf‘t bat`rwbrjs biimw :4 pmhfts tm‚sm _url`c/_thpbfoho, tm tk` jhsgby ma tk`hr _brbn`vmsuppmrt`rs, aìi tm Kufebry‘s Jà`fjhfe Okbgphmfs, Nmfy`r/Cibgpbr, 2:, -<4, -28, -<2.

Okhfb‘s Ksh @f-thfe whfs 285? Umrij G`f‘s _hfei`s

hf 0 armg _w`j`f‘s Cnìi NmkbfssmfTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



:85

Bat`r Nmkbfssmf‘sufiuocy fj-ebg` shfei`s imss,ht gust kbv` l``f

jhaahouit amr khgtm hgg`jhbtìy emmut amr tk`Jmuli`s ahfbi. Lutht wbs r`biiy fmsurprhs` tkbt kòmuij suppmrt

L`fetssmf hf b 0-ebg` whf, amr k`‘j l``f tk`kmij`r ma tkhs

Okbgphmfskhpwhtk Kbfs Bis`r hf ‛15 bfj ‛18, bfj k` wbs ma omurs` b prma`sshmfbi piby`r. Kmw prma`sshmfbi

P._. bujh`fo`s wmuij smmf l` bli` tm s`` amr tk`gsìv`s‚amr hf 285:, hf Mcibkmgb Ohty, bfjbebhf hf 2850, hf Kmustmf, k` wmuij whf lboc-tm-lboc P._. Mp`fs.

Mur P._. Z`bgs ma omurs` jhj fmt whf bfy Okbgphmfskhps hf _brbn`vm, lut tk`hr gmr`tkbf ihght`j suoo`ss lrhfes tkhs vmiug` tm bf `fomurbehfe oims`. B v`ry sbthsayhfe Umrij‘s htwbs. Mur piby`rs, mur suppmrt`rs, w`r` hfsphr`j tm lrhfe mur omuftry amrwbrj. Armg Umrij#<; mur g`f kbj gmv`j tm Umrij #25‚mfiy mf` pibo` armg tk` Okbgphmfskhp Jhvhshmf. Ukm

omuij fmt kìp lut tkhfc, lut a`ì , tk`r` wbs b autur` amr us hf tk` Ebg`. Zk` _w`j`s hf tk`hr Lmrjt`ffhs ebv` tk` gmst pmw`raui ma ‘5? Umrij‘s suggbrh`s hf tk` lrhà`st ma pkrbs`s>

’L`st omuftry> OkhfbGmst j`t`rhmrbt`j omuftry> NbpbfGmst tòkfhobi piby`r> _brckmnbf (\usshb)>

L`st s`rv`s> Ksu _kbm-ab (Okhfb)Tuliho abvmrht`s> XuemsibvhbGmst k`brj omuftry> P_B‗

Bfj k`brj, tmm, hf Zmphos (_`pt.-Mot., 285<, 0) tkhs pm`g, ’_brbn`vm,‗ ly Hvm Bfjrho.

’Zk` st``p simp`s brmufj _brbn`vm br` `v`f tmjby auiima Gmsi`g erbv`ybrjs whtk tk` sm-obii`j ‛fhokbf‘ wkht` tmglstmf`s.

Ihc` wkht` brgh`s hf omfstbft gbrok mr ihc` `v`ribsthfe sfmw bvbibfok`s,tk`s` erbv`ybrjs br` amr`v`r j`so`fjhfe jmwf tk` jòihvhth`s.Hf tk` omurs` ma y`brs bfj o`fturh`stk`s` brgh`s kbv` lòmg` gmr` rbr` bfj tk` sfmw bvbibfok`s tkhff`r.

Amr tk` erbv`ybrjs kbv` tk`hr j`btk tmm.Gbfy b wkht`, amrg`riy p`rp`fjhouibr tmglstmf` kbs abii`fmr lòmg` hfoihf`j bs ha e`tthfe r`bjy tm ih` jmwfhf tk` erbv` tme`tk`r whtk hts jò`bs`j.

_w`j`f‘s L`fetssmf/Nmkbfssmf (\) blmut tm whf tk` 285? Umrij G`f‘s Jmuli`s

Okbgphmfskhp armg Jà`fjhfe Okbgphmfs Kufebry‘s Nmfy`r/CibgpbrTkmtm ly Gbi Bfj`rsmf



:8;

Hf smg` erbv`ybrjs, bs hf tk` fho`st mf` bt Bihabcmvbo,tk` j`fs`, si`fj`r fhskbf-tmglstmf`s br` l`ft mv`r ihc` ftbfei`j wkht` stbics ma omrf.Zk`s` erbv`ybrjs kbv` smg`tkhfe blmut tk`g fmt mfiy photur`squ`, lut bism pm`thobiiy `xohthfe hf tk`hr mrhehf bfj tk`hr jhsbpp`brbfo`,

hf tk`hr omftrbst whtk tk` f`w iha` puisbthfe bfj s``tkhfe hf tk` tmwf lìmw.Zk`r` hs fmtkhfe r`puefbft mr arhekt`fhfe hf tk`g lut mfiy smg`tkhfe quh`thfe bfj pur` bfj jhefhah`jwkhok hs shgpiy bf xpr`sshmf ma tk` r`bsmfbli` bfj k`rmho kugbfbtthtuj` tmwbrjs j`btk ly tkms` wkm r`st tk`r` hf p`bo`…Zk` pm`try ma tk`s` erbv`ybrjs whii ahfj hts pm`ts,

lut tk`y whii fmt l` pm`ts ma j`btk lut pm`ts ma iha`.‗

H rìbt` tm tkhs pm`g. Kbv` gysìa mf gbfy bf moobshmf vhsht`j tk` ’erbv`ybrjs‗ ma piby`rs‚bfj whii omfthfu` tm jm sm, lìh`vhfe tkbt tk`hr iha -baahrghfe y`brs ma j`vmthmf tm tk`

_pmrt gust l` r`g`gl`r`j.*

_@I@OZ@J FMZ@_*Omfsohmus ma gy mwf smg`thg`-bpprmbokhfe i`bv`, H k`r`whtk kmp` tm pr`s`rv`, bs ha

H a`br`j ht ghekt mtk`rwhs` fmt l`, bf brthoi` H wrmt` pbyhfe kmgbe` tm tk` er`bt UmrijOkbgphmf \hokbrj L`regbff. Ht bpp`br`j hf Zmphos (Fmv.-Jò., 288<, ?0), bfj hs obii`j ’BIhtti` Ibt` Amr Zk` Pfv`hihfe‗>

’Hf ibt` Bprhi ma tkhs y`br S288<W, immchfe (amr smg`tkhfe tkbt `sobp`s g` fmw)j``p hftm mf` ma gy gbfy, ht gby l`, khstmry-pr`s`rvhfe lmx`s ma tbli` t`ffhs brthoi`s, pr`ss-oihpphfes, pkmtms, i`tt`rs, piby`r-g`gmrblhihb ma bii chfjs, H ly okbfo` obg` upmf

tk` fmtho` ma bf Pfv`hihfe ma b Gmfug`ft hf G`gmry ma :-thg` Umrij G`f‘s _hfei`sOkbgphmf \hokbrj L`regbff. Zk` jbt` wbs Gby <, 2852, tk` o`g`t`ry Gt. Brbrbt,imobt`j, boomrjhfe tm tk` gbp boomgpbfyhfe tk` Fmtho`, nust maa @xht ?? ma Imfe

Hsibfj‘s _mutk`rf _tbt` Tbrcwby…b g`r` 20 ghfut`s armg gy kmg`.H wbs surprhs`j. H cf`w ma omurs` tkbt, ihc` sm gbfy mtk`r @urmp`bfs,

L`regbff kbj tk` gmst prmghshfe ma obr``rs j`vbstbthfeiy hft`rrupt`j‚bat`r tkÒbhrm, 28?8 Umrij‘s…ufthi tk` U`gli`y, 28:; Umrij‘s‚bfj tkbt, armg tk` ghj-‛04‘smf bat`r khs omgp`ththv` jbys w`r` mv`r, k` kbj tmur`j fmt nust Fmrtk Bg`rhob lutgmst ma tk` wmrij ehvhfe kbia-thg` `xkhlhthmfs whtk tk` Kbri`g Eiml`trmtt`rs. Lut amr

smg` r`bsmf ht kbj f`v`r rèhst`r`j whtk g` tkbt tkhs abgmus Bustrhbf-lmrf,fbturbihz`j Lrhtmf kbj l``f lurh`j hf tk` P._….bfj sm bstmfhskhfeiy oims` tm tk` kmg`

gy abghiy bfj H kbj l``f quht` s`tti`j hftm fmw amr bigmst ?4 y`brs.Mf k`brhfe stmrh`s blmut \hokbrj (k` wbs biwbys obii`j \hokbrj) armg suok

wìi-cfmwf piby`rs bs Jhoc Ghi`s, Gbrty \`hsgbf, L`rfh` Luch`t, bfj J`r`c Ubii,bgmfe mtk`rs, bfj armg kbvhfe r`bj khs mlhtubrh`s‚hf tk` v`ry ahrst ma gy gmr` tkbf

244 @jhtmr‘s hssu`s, bfj ìs`wk`r`‚H‘j omg` tm lìh`v` tkbt k` wbs tk` brok`typbitbli` t`ffhs prma`sshmfbi, b gbf wkm e`fuhfìy lìh`v`j tkbt Zbli` Z`ffhs wbs b er`btspmrt bfj tkbt k`, ufpbrbiiì`j Okbgphmf bfj _pmrtsgbf tkbt k` wbs, p`rsmfhah j tkhser`btf`ss gmr` tkbf bfymf` wkm v`r ihv`j.



:88

‛\hokbrj tk` Ihmf-K`brt`j‘ k`‘j l``f obii`j. Ukbt b omgp`thtmr!‚tkbt wbs tk`tkmuekt tkbt kbj hgpr`ss`j g` gmst blmut khg. Hf ‘:;, amr `xbgpi`, hf bf `briy rmufj,jmwf <-4 bfj 24-<, tk`f…làmr` tk` ahfbi ahekt, `y`s oims`j, str`tok`j mut mf b kbrj,wmmj`f l`fok, obigiy r`sthfe…bfj, bat`rwbrjs, hfor`bshfe bso`fjbfoy hf tk` _pmrt‘sròmrj lmmcs. Kmw s`rhmusiy k` tmmc khgsìa, kmw hfor`jhliy omfahj`ft k` wbs.

Erbjubiiy‚tkmuek H wbs fm imfe`r omfv`fthmfbiiy rìhehmus‚tk` hj`bsurabo`j> wky fmt pby khg, mr, rbtk`r, khs erbv`, b vhsht=Zk` jbt` ma tk` Pfv`hihfe kbj struoc g`> Gby <, 2852. Zkbt wbs, bigmst tm tk`

jby, <2 y`brs bem. Kmw `xbothfeiy bpprmprhbt`, H tkmuekt‚shfo` tm bii tbli` t`ffhs piby`rs <2 wbs tk` biwbys tk` guok j`shr`j, f`br gysthobi fugl`r. Bfj kbj fmtL`regbff khgsìa `fthti`j khs mwf lmmc, pulihsk`j pròhsìy <2 y`brs `brih`r, Zw`fty-

Mf` Pp=

J`sthfy (mr smg` ufoi`br, suspòt gmthv` ma gy mwf=) kbj lèuf tm w`bv` bfj pr`s`rv` amr g` tk` strbfjs ma bf hrr shsthli pbtt`rf.

H w`ft sm abr bs tm immc up tk` fugl`r <2 hf N.@. Ohrimt‘s B Jhothmfbry ma

_yglmis. Ht wbs hgbehfbthvìy `bsy. Zwm pius mf` `qubis tkr``. Zkr`` `qubis‚jm ymu

lìh`v` ht=‚b ‛sphrhtubi syftk`shs.‘ Zkr`` amrgs ‛b kbia ohroi` omgprmghshfe> lhrtk,z`fhtk, bfj j`so`ft.‘ Bssmohbt`j whtk ‛k`bv`f‘ bfj tk` ‛Zrhfhty,‘ ht fm jmult bpp`bi`j tm

tkbt sulg`re`j pbrt ma gy fmw gmr` obtkmiho tkbf Obtkmiho omfsohmusf`ss. Zm g` htsuee`st`j ‛suaahoh`foy, mr tk` ermwtk ma ufhty whtkhf.‘ L`regbff> maa tk` tbli`, khs mwfwmrst `f`gy, sbhj HZZA amufj`r/pr`shj`ft Hvmr Gmftbeu3 mf tk` tbli`, khs hff`r sìa prmamufjiy hf omftrmi, b p`raòt rmi` gmjì. Kmw jhaa`r`ft tk` jrhv`s w` bii kbv` tm mur `fj.

Gby <, 288<, H stbrt`j mut amr Gt. Brbrbt, tk` o`g`t`ry fbg`j bat`r tk`

gmuftbhf mf wkhok, bat`r tk` Jìue`, Fmbk‘s brc obg` tm r`st.@xht ?? wbs v`ry `bsy tm spmt bfj hgg`jhbtìy mf omghfe maa tk` Tbrcwby tm

tk` hft`rsòthmf H sbw, mf tk` mtk`r shj`, tk` o`g`t`ry. Lut, ormsshfe mv`r, gmg`ftbrhiy

imshfe gy bpprmbok-wby, bfj, arustrbt`j (wky wbs H hf suok b kurry=) gbchfe bf hiièbiturf tm ohroi` lboc, H trh`j `ftrbfo` bat`r `ftrbfo`, lut tk`y w`r` bii imoc`j. Uky wbstk` pibo` sm j`s`rt`j= Jhj fm mf` vhsht tk`r` bfygmr`= _urìy tkbt wbs hgpmsshli`.

H stmpp`j bt Uìiwmmj G`gmrhbis, tk` mfiy pibo` ma kblhtbthmf f`brly, wk`r`stmf`s amr tk` j`bj prmiha`rbt j mut hf `v`ry jhròthmf‚bf ufc`gpt pmmr sulsthtut amr tk` ufbvbhibli` f`heklmrhfe o`g`t`ry htsìa. Zk` gbf wkm er``t`j g` hfshj` wbs v`rymlihehfe. ‛Ht‘s _bturjby, tk` _bllbtk,‘ k` sbhj, bfsw`rhfe gy qu`sthmf chfjiy, whtkbpmime`tho rèr`t. ‛Zk` o`g`t`ry‘s mp`f shx jbys b w``c, lut tmjby ht‘s oims`j.‘

‛Mk, ma omurs`,‘ H r`pih`j. Lut H kbjf‘t r`bihz`j tkbt Gt. Brbrbt wbs b N`whsk

o`g`t`ry mr tkbt tk`r` w`r` jbys ymu omuijf‘t e`t hf. Kbj ht l``f tk` sbg` wk`f H wbsermwhfe up= Xmu jhjf‘t gbc` b vhsht mf b _ufjby=

‛H‘g immchfe amr _òthmf 2: O,‘ H sbhj. ‛Uk`f H omg` lboc, wkhok ebt` jm H ft`r=‘Amr b Imfe Hsibfj`r tkhs gbf wbs `xtrbmrjhfbrhiy arh`fjiy. K` hfshst`j H wbht

ufthi k`‘j emf` lboc hftm tk` hft`rhmr ma khs stmr` tm lrhfe g` b j`tbhi`j sòthmf pibf,bfj tk`f k` trh`j whtk bf [ tm jhròt g` tm tk` erbv`. H tkbfc`j khg bfj, whtk smg`

s`fs` ma kbvhfe pbrtiy auiahii`j b juty, w`ft kmg`.Zk` fugl`r-syftk`shs (H wbs fm gmr` tkbf wkhgshobiiy gbchfe=) wbs fmw lrmc`f.

Bfj, o‘gmf, wkbt r`bi hft`r`st jhj H kbv` hf emhfe tm L`regbff‘s erbv` bfywby= Ubs H v`r `v`f hftrmjuo`j tm tk` gbf= T`rkbps. Lut H‘g sur` w`‘j f`v`r spmc`f.



044

Gby <, 2852‚H omuijf‘t r`shst. H okòc`j ht mut. _ur` `fmuek, ht aìi mf b_ufjby. _m, tmgmrrmw, Gby ?, <2 y`brs wmrtk ma _ufjbys, wmuij l` ahf` tmm. @xo`pttkbt H wbs `ft`r`j hf b tbli` t`ffhs tmurfbg`ft bfj o`rtbhfiy wbsf‘t omgghtt`j fmuektm (wkbt=‚gy f`w-amufj F`w Be` hft`r`st hf Fug`rmimey=) tm ehv` up pibyhfe. H‘jem tm tk` erbv` bfmtk`r thg`.

_ufjby, Gby <:‚<2 jbys k`fo`‚kmw blmut tk`f=…Fmp`, H‘j l` bwby‚ bfmtk`r tmurfbg`ft….Bs ht turf`j mut, H wbs hf fm jbfe`r ma pmstpmfhfe gy vhsht hfjàhfhtìy. Gby

<0, G`gmrhbi Jby ‚o`rtbhfiy suok b jby ma mls`rvbfo` kbj tm l` be`-mij-boo`ptbliàmr gy skmw ma kmgbe`, gy oyoihobi syftk`shs (amr, bat`r bii, hf Umrij Ubr HH L`regbffkbj jmf` khs lht, kbj ibfj`j hf Arbfo` mf J-jby).

Bfj tkhs thg`, brmufj 24>?4 mf bf mv`robst gmrfhfe, tk` Gt. Brbrbt ebt`s w`r`

mp`f tm tk` erbv`s whtkhf. Lut fmt b smui, mr skmuij H sby gmurf`r, wbs bfywk`r`blmut.

_imwiy, tryhfe tm abghihbrhz` gysìa whtk tk` sòthmf pibf tk` G`gmrhbi-gbf kbjehv`f g`, H jrmv` blmut ufthi, mf e`f`rbiiy bjbpthfe gysìa tm tk` br`b, H nust stmpp`j

tk` obr bfj emt mut. Mtk`r tkbf gysìa tk`r` w`r` mfiy b omupi` ma ibfjsobp`rs tm l`s``f.

Immchfe iàt bfj rhekt bt tk` tmglstmf`s, H amiimw`j mf` ma tk` imfe, pbrbiiìwbics tkbt ormss`j tk` erbssy pimts, lut stmpp`j blruptiy wk`f H obg` tm b stbc` tkbtsbhj _òthmf 21. Zk`f, jmulihfe lboc, H fmtho`j tk` fugl`r`j sòthmf stmf`s `gl`jj`jhftm tk` ermufj bfj amufj @ 2:…J2:…O2: bfj tk`f‚ht wbs guok ihc` tk`surrmufjhfe mtk`rs, tkmuek mf` ma tk` ibre`st‚tk` gmfug`ft tkbt r`bj>

L@\EGBFF

L\XBF FP\HOC

B stmf`-`tok`j aibg` (H tkmuekt ma Bibjjhf‘s ibgp) s``g`j tm wbft tm lurfamr`v`r mf tk` iàt shj` ma tk`s` fbg`s.

Ammtstmf`s iby làmr` tk` gmfug`ft. _m, iàt, rhekt, tk`f tk` gmg`ftbry,

ufskìt`rhfe ihtti` tkrhii ma jhsomv`ry. @ferbv`j tk`r`, surabo`j mv`r ly erbss-i`bvhfestkbt w`r` `bshiy lrusk`j bwby, hts ahrst ihf` w`je`j hf K`lrbho okbrbot`rshfjòhpk`rbli` tm g`, tk` stmf` sbhj>



042

H‘j lrmuekt fm aimw`rs3 jhj fmt tbc` gy obp maa, jhj fmt sby b prby`r, nust stmmjtk`r`, fmt`lmmc bfj p`f hf kbfj….Fm gmr` thg`-ihght gbtok`s, \hokbrj3 fm gmrùfj`r-tk`-tbli` wbrfhfe-bibrgs emhfe maa….

Bfj tk` mtk`r stmf`s. Ukbt jhj tk`y sby=Bimfeshj` \hokbrj, khs gmtk`r, _mpkhb L`regbff (_`pt. 5, 2;82‚Nuf` 0,

28;4). ‛Xmu wmrc kbrj,‘ sk`‘j tmij khg, ‛bfj smg` jby ymu whii l` bf `fehf``r bfjgbc` gmf`y.‘ _k` wbs b erh`vhfe 5; wk`f k`r 02-y`br-mij smf jh`j hf b Imfjmffurshfe kmg` ma b lrbhf tugmr…lrmuekt mf, smg`mf` sbhj lòbus` hf ghjji`-be` k`‘jjy`j khs kbhr sm liboc. Ukbt b ibjh`s gbf k` wbs. ‛\hokbrj,‘ b tbli` t`ffhs arh`fj mfboomgpbfyhfe khg tm khs aibt mfo` bsc`j, ’wky br` tk`r` fm okbhrs hf tk` rmmg=‘…‛_mtk` ehris whii kbv` tm sht mf tk` l`j,‘ k` bfsw`r`j. ‛Ht‘s `bsh`r tkbt wby.‘

Fm kbim amr tkhs r`v`r`j Okbgphmf3 rbtk`r (H ihc`j Gmftbeu‘s pkrbs`), ‛tk` burb

ma hfsurròthmf bebhfst butkmrhty‘ whtk wkhok \hokbrj smg`thg`s surrmufj`j khgsìa….Bfj hf tk` abghiy pimt> Arh`jb bfj Zk`mjmr` Furhoc (‛Gbn. P._. Brgy‚Umrij

Ubr HH‘)‚Arh`jb l`hfe, H bssug`j, mf` ma \hokbrj‘s amur shst`rs. Bfj Arbfc O. Lrybf(‛Chfj K`brt, Ehat`j Kbfjs, bfj b E`fti` _mui‘)‚tk` ;-y`brsfmw jò`bs`j kuslbfj

ma mf` ma tkms` mtk`r shst`rs…._pbo`s amr tk` ihvhfe r`gbhf`j.Ukbt gmr`, pbj hf kbfj, wbs H tm shi`ftiy sorhlli`=…Bt tk` `fj (wrmt` mf` ma

khs vhshtmrs, \my @vbfs, Gmftbeu‘s imfe-thg` suoo`ssmr, khgsìa suoo``j`j fmw),L`regbff, hf tkbt l`j, ‛gut` bfj pbrbiyz`j.‘ B ahfbi susp`fshmf.

Gy emj, Zhg, jmf‘t l` stuphj. Zk` rmeuhsk Okbgp, `v`f wk`f kbrj up, jhjkbv` b s`fs` ma kugmr. Ubs ht Umrij ruff`r-up Lìibc‘s ihf` tkbt \`hsgbf sm ihc`j=‛L`regbff wbs w`bc mf khs lbockbfj‚lut H f`v`r sbw khg ghss mf`.‘…

Armg tk` rhekt ma tk` gmfug`ft bf mutstr`tok`j lrbfok ma b phf` tr`` skbj`j

tk` fbg` L@\EGBFF. B fho` tmuok. H immc`j jmwf, sbw b abii`f phf` omf`, bfj, phochfe ht up, put ht hf gy pmoc`t. ‛Bii H wbft armg ymur Okhfb trhp,‘ sbhj gy gmtk`r, lmrf làmr` tk` turf-ma-tk` o`ftury, ‛hs b phò` ma jhrt bt tk` ammt ma tk` Er`bt Ubii.‘ Gy

s`fs` ma khstmry, gy s`fthg`ftbihty, wkbt a`ìhfe ma r`v`r`fo` H kbv`, H mw` tm k`r=…Omfthfuhfe tm ihfe`r hf armft ma L`regbff‘s ammtstmf`, H fmtho`j bebhf mf tk`

aibt tmp ma tk` gmfug`ft b lufok ma sgbii stmf`s, bfj wmfj`r`j kmw tk`y emt tk`r`.

Zk`r` w`r` b a`w sobtt`r`j mf`s mf f`heklmrhfe gmfug`fts tmm. Mf` ma tkìbfjsobp`rs kbj omg` oims` ly bfj H wbic`j mv`r bfj bsc`j khg blmut tk`g. ‛Zk` p`mpi` put tk`g tk`r` hfst`bj ma aimw`rs,‘ k` sbhj‚‛tm skmw tk`y‘v` l``f tm tk` erbv`bfj pbhj tk`hr r`spòts.‘

H tkbfc`j khg, lut, làmr` i`bvhfe tk` o`g`t`ry, wbic`j lboc tm tk` gmfug`ft.H omuijf‘t r`shst‚H lèbf tm omuft tk` stmf`s. Làmr` H wbs kbiawby tkrmuek H kbj b

whij kmp` bs tm wkbt tk` tmtbi wmuij l`. Bfj tk`f hf tk` f`xt hfstbft, tkmuek Homfthfu`j omufthfe, H wbs sur . H omuft`j tk` tmtbi, obràuiiy, tkr`` thg`s. Zk`r` w`r`

`xbotiy <2 stmf`s tk`r`….Lut wk`tk`r tkhs wbs ly boohj`ft mr j`shef, H omuijf‘t, bfjsthii obf‘t, sby.‗



04<

history of u.s. table tennis - vol. vi: 1970-1973

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