history study guide for the 25 minute quiz that we all spent the whole night freaking out over

7/28/2019 History Study Guide for the 25 Minute Quiz That We All Spent the Whole Night Freaking Out Over

1/9

HISTORY STUDY GUIDE FOR THE 25 MINUTE QUIZ THAT WEALL SPENT THE WHOLE NIGHT FREAKING OUT OVER.

4 Long-Term Causes of WW1.

Colonialism:

In Africa, colonies were divided vastly by different Europeanpowers and there was a fight among countries for raw materialsand new markets to sell from in Africa. This led to tension betweenBritain and France over Sudan and Germany and France overMorocco for examples. Countries began to feel vulnerable withother powers trying to overtake their colonies. Everybody was

competing for colonial power and the struggles over power createdrivals.

Militarism:

In the early 1900s, Germany had the strongest land basedmilitary. Great Britain had the strongest naval forces. This droveFrance and Russia to strengthen their armies, so the moreweapons each country developed the more insecure the countries

felt. They were vulnerable and there was a cycle to get one stepup on the competition. The need to be prepared at all times forpossible war was essential because countries wanted to be able toprotect their colonies and their own country.

Nationalism:

An idea that blossomed in the minds of Europeans that they wereapart of their country as a team member. They felt tons of prideand love fortheir country, devotion as well. They didnt just lovetheir country but believed every other country was inferior so thatstarted a need to destroy every other country because theythought they were better. War was a purifying experience andseen as the honorable thing to do. It encouraged the idea of thewar at home.

Alliances:

Two significant alliances were formed in Europe. The TripleAlliance: Italy, Austro-Hungary and Germany. Also, the Triple


2/9

Entente: Great Britain, France and Russia. This development intotwo separate teams split Europe into war camps where waragainst one country meant war across Europe.

Short Term Spark of WW1:

For years wars were going on around Balkan Region. TheOttoman Empire had fought series of wars with Bulgaria, Serbia,etc. so they could get their independence. In another war, Austro-Hungary took over Bosnia. Serbia and Bosnia both have a largepopulation of Slavic people and both are side by side to Austro-

Hungary. Austro-Hungary overtook Bosnia but Serbia was anindependent country. Serbia felt bad however, that they were freewhile their other people were under a dictatorship by Austro-Hungary. Also, they felt that the mix between Austro-Hungariansand Bosnians was unnatural because there were no Slavic peoplein Austro-Hungary. The Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his familycame to capital of Bosnia. During their ride in a vehicle theArchduke is shot in his car. Gavrilo Princip, not fighting for Serbianindependence but their fellow slaves in Bosnia. Group called the

Black Hand. Austria Hungarian empire is pissed at Serbia, they getlist of demands. They need to accept blame. Austria Hungary saysok Serbia if you wont kill your leader we are declaring war onSerbia. Russia calls their men to back up Serbia. Germany comesin to help Austria-Hungary and Germany calls war against Russiaand France. Austria-Hungary + Germany vs. France + Russia.During first weeks of war, theyre fighting French on Western frontand Russians on Eastern front. Germans thought best way was togo through Belgium, which attack on neutral Belgium brought

Britain in. They were waiting for the moment and Belgium wasneutral, the Brits respected that. They saw Germany violatingneutrality was wrong move. So Great Britain comes into the war.

U.S.A IN WORLD WAR I

1. Why did Woodrow Wilson want the U.S. to remainneutral? In what particular way did we indirectly getinvolved?


3/9

Woodrow Wilson wanted to remain neutral during the warbecause he felt that European affairs had nothing to do with theU.S. He also wasnt quite sure which side they were going to

support many immigrants came from Germany while manyAmericans felt an allegiance to Great Britain. Eventually after allthe economic trade between Great Britain it brought Americafurther and further from neutrality.

2. Why did Germany and Britain violate the LondonDeclaration?According to the London Declaration of 1909 negotiated byBritain, Germany, the United States, and other nations, acountry was neutral as long as it did not shelter war- ships inports, train troops, or sell weapons and munitions to either side.They violated the London Declaration because both Germanyand Great Britain were in desperate need of resources, andweaponry for the war. They were going through economicissues at the time and they wanted to stop U.S trade with theother country so the other country wouldnt get the leg up on

them

Then.The British navy began to fly American flagsillegally from their merchant vessels in order to avoid attack.This tactic enabled the British to fire on German ships insurprise attacks. Depending solely on stealth as their mainweapon, German submarines were vulnerable once theysurfaced. After British ships flying U.S. flags sunk a series ofsubmarines, German submarines started to sink merchant

vessels regardless of what flags they had. Wilsonsadministration begged him to restrict travel overseas becausethere was a war going on but he said that he trusted ininternational law and that Germany and Great Britain wouldleave them alone because of their neutrality. However, onceGermany bombed a ship called the Lusitania a British shipwith American passengers and that started uproar in America.

3.Why did Wilson initially not declare war against

Germany?


4/9

Wilson still believed in his hope for neutrality and he ran on apeace platform for the election and was worried about trade.

Then Germany who was afraid that if trade continuedbetween America and Great Britain that they would be defeatedquickly so they said they would continue unrestricted submarinewarfare. America heard of this and was furious since last yearGermany had said they would abide by the U.S.s rules thatthey wouldnt sink unmanned U.S. ships. Then through Britishintelligence he heard that Germans Foreign Minister, ArthurZimmerman had sent a telegram to Mexico saying that if theyfought alongside Germany and attacked the U.S. from withinthat when they won they would give them back the land thatthey had lost in the Mexican War like Texas, New Mexico andArizona. This was the final straw because now the Germanswere turning their own people against them and it forced themout of neutrality because they would have to fight againstpeople from within.

Besides The Unrestricted submarine warfare and theZimmerman telegram by the Germans the U.S entered the waradditionally, and allegedly because it was good for business,they had invested a lot in the allies and loaned them tons ofmoney and wanted to secure that they would get it back andlastly they wanted to end this war to prevent future warsWilson had this idea that he wanted to give democracy to thosecountries who didnt have it A.K.A Germany.

9 Months Into War Wilson offered his vision ofpeace to the rest of Europe and the world. This offering theseideas were called the Fourteen Points and were delivered as aframework for how to get world peace in the future and after thewar. It was a list of ways that countries should change in orderto prevent further conflict the 14th being the most significant,which included the League of Nations (a general association of

countries) He was harshly criticized for these points becausehes a fucking hippy and if anybody is really going to put their


5/9

guns down and make peace with words is crazy especially afteralmost a year of full fighting and lives lost. This dude was onganja. No lie.

America On The Home Front:

America changed significantly at home during the war both forthe better and for the worse. For example of the worse: Americais a melting pot, it is very diverse and full of immigrants whocame over to America from countries without a democracy.However, as the war began they felt a strong allegiance to theirhome country and this divided the population, which was not agood thing. The country is supposed to be united and patrioticand supportive of its troops and of the country it cant affordto be fighting on its own soil among its own people. As a resulthowever, the U.S. tried to unite the country and started, War

Americanization Plans and Loyalty Leagues to integrate theimmigrants into American society. Another example is therestriction of citizens freedom. They wanted to ram home with ascrewdriver that the Germans were bad. All journalists writingabout Germans, or bad mouthing the U.S. had to face the

potential threat of going to jail. German names on streets, orbuildings or even on hotdog toppings (sauerkraut) werechanged to eliminate all German influence in the states.German people even changed their last names to avoidlynching or abuse. Teachers had to say an oath of loyalty to theflag, and kids said the anthem at school.

Some More Info on America On The

Home Front.

1. War has developed, artillery is modern change intechnology. Sophisticated fighting. The fight is just as muchbeing fought on the front-lines as they are being fought inEurope.

2. War Mobilization: To get resources ready to fight. 1st step is

really to gather troops. Government needs its people to fight young men. Huns were primary Germanic tribe that sacked


6/9

the Roman Empire. Huns = Barbaric tribes. Dehumanizeenemy in propaganda as a tool for bringing soldiers in ifenemy seems so terrible then its easier to sign up. If theyredifferent and bad Ill sign up. Huns took down Roman Empire

> Empire used republic > America is a democratic republic.

3. 1917 Selective Service Draft. Draft is coercion? Or draft isdraft? Required military service, the government decided tohave a draft. 24 million registered, 2-million saw combat,4,800,000 served. 400,000 African Americans served insegregated units asked to serve but serve differently.

Expansion of the Federal Government

During WW1, dramatic expansion of fed Gov. #1. Creation of moregovernment agencies. Enlargement of government bureaucracy.Not just more agencies, more people but expansion means moreinvolvement of the government in private affairs. Why is Fed Gov.expanding? Just involved in major WORLD war, national existenceat risk. Federal Government needs to take charge and on theHomefront help the battlefront. Get ready for war from within, mostof which happens with regulation and management of resources.

U.S Food Administration

U.S. Food Administration was one of many agencies by Wilsonduring beginning of WW1. Government wanted to communicate topublic not just what it was but what the food administration wasdoing. Needs you (people) to help it. Fighting at home. Food forthe allies soldiers. British and France have been fighting for awhile, they cant provide food for themselves because the war isbeing fought on their home turf. Americans are being asked to

conserve food resources, there might not be enough for allies if wejust consume consume consume.

National War Garden Commission

When you can food you are helping to defeat, can the Kaiser.Government wants you to grow your own food so we can give thebulk of commercial food to soldiers and allies. Most Americans had

land so theyre saying grow your own food. Canning food is form of


7/9

storing food, it stays fresh for longer. What are YOU doing? Guilttrip.

U.S. Shipping Board

Regulate shipping for safety reasons, the water is now a war zone,we need to protect companies and businesses sending thingsoverseas.

U.S. Fuel Administration

Save Gasoline, save fuel because fuel is needed for cars, planes

and weaponry for war. Theyre being told dont use gasolineunscrupulously.

Results of This New Organization of the Economy

Unemployment disappearedExpansion of big governmentClose cooperation between public and private sectorsUnprecedented opportunities for disadvantaged groups > women.

The Committee of Public Information (George Creel)

Created propaganda section of government. The committee ofpublic information isnt facts is propaganda. War propaganda isabout selling you on war. Easiest when you tap into emotions.(Destroy this mad brute) King Kong man stealing woman away

King Kong is German, woman is woman.

How did the Division of Civic and Educational Cooperationadvance the war effort?

Like the same as every other one of these groups. People wentaround to schools and gave fake information to students so theycould get involved. They taught the students the war very biasedbut it was to get even the youngsters in on the war and doing little

things involving support. You gotta understand war is a teamgame, it aint tennis, you need everybody chipping in.


8/9

Extras

Russia Left Triple Alliance to deal with Communist revolution intheir own country. There was so much going on at their home. Thedictator Vladimir something has this theory that the ones who fightthe war are greedy capitalists and says colonialism is wrong. Theyhad committed most troops and left three years after war hadbegan.

Italy left the Triple Entente with Germany and Austro-Hungarybecause they believed the Germans and Hungarians were theones who truly started the war and thought they were veryextreme. They joined the Triple Alliance and the Ottoman Empirejumped in in their place. Remember the Ottoman Empire had beenfighting against Serbia and Bosnia etc., so they have someconnection to Austro-Hungary.

Attacks on Civil Liberties:Selective service act millions registered, fought + served.Considered to be at war at home. Were winning at home.Government expands, raise taxes, and purchase war bonds. Warbonds are donations to the federal government paying for war(sign of support) Also, going to get money back + interest in time.Tons of propaganda changing actions like canning food,conserving fuel + food, and signing up for war. Government

decided that civil rights had to be changed slightly, limitations: CivilLiberties = Freedoms guaranteed by the 1st Amendment. Speech,press, assemble, religion. During war you have to sacrifice someof your liberties for success and safety for country. Conservespeech.

Espionage Act 1917: Actions that obstructed recruitment or anycomments about the war, and the governments role in the war.Fines up to 10,000 and or up to 20 years in jail. People could look

through mail.


9/9

Sedition Act 1918: It was a crime to speak against the purchaseof war bonds and anything the government was doing in the War,or the U.S. constitution. Also, silence labor movement, businesswas at all high, government is saying when you strike you hurt the

war effort because you stop production for war.Schenck vs. US 1919: Official of the U.S socialist party,distributed leaflets against war, called deed against humanity andcompared conscription to slavery. This was dangerous duringtimes of war, and therefore, violated Sedition Act of 1917.

history study guide for the 25 minute quiz that we all spent the whole night freaking out over

Documents