hl labmanual 2013 14 modified
TRANSCRIPT
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HL Lab Manual 2013-14
SINHGAD TECHNICAL EDUCATION SOCIETYS
SINHGAD INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING
LAB MANUAL
FOR
T.E. COMPUTER (SEM I)
Academic Yea !"#$%#&
HARD'ARELABORATORY
SUBECT CODE $#"!&*
Pe+aed B,
P-. A.N.Ba/da0 P-.S.M.Na0a1ade
TEACHING SCHEME EXAMINATION SCHEME
PRACTICAL : 4 HRS/WEEK TERM WORK: 2 MARKS
PRACTICAL : 0 MARKS
1
C!"#u$%& '%#a&$"%n$( SCOE )A'GAON
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HL Lab Manual 2013-14
PREFACE
INFORMATION ABOUT LAB Ha&*+a&% Lab!&a$!&,
SOFT'ARE RE2UIRED Ta". Tln
HARD'ARE RE2UIRED 01 K$. P%n$u"I). an* 2M ''R RAM. 0 G
H''
OPERATING SYSTEM Wn*!+-XP. Wn*!+-5
GOAL OF LAB T! $u*, *66%&%n$ #&!7&a""n7 6%a$u&% !6 01
M8&!8!n$&!ll%& an* 3 "8&!#&!8%!&(
2
C!"#u$%& '%#a&$"%n$( SCOE )A'GAON
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HL Lab Manual 2013-14
SINHGAD INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
3USGAON4 LONA5ALA.
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that
Mr. /Miss ___________________________________
Of class ______________Roll No._______________
Exai!atio! "eat No. ________________________
has co#lete$ all the #ractical %or& i! the '
(ARD)ARE *A+ORATOR,- satisfactorily- as
#rescrie$ y U!iersity of P0!e i! the Aca$eic ,ear
12 3 12
S$a66 In-89a&7% H%a* !6 '%#a&$"%n$ P&n8#al
3
C!"#u$%& '%#a&$"%n$( SCOE )A'GAON
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INDEX
Sr.
NoTitle
Date of
Commencem
ent
Date of
Submissi
on
Marks
Obtain
ed
Signatu
re
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Lab Lab Inovations
1
2
3
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A *%$$% +$9 $+! %8$!& #%& 8lu$%& l!! l% $9:
C!"#u$%& '%#a&$"%n$( SIT. L!naala
SECTOR
CLFSTER
SECTOR SECTOR
CLFSTER
-
8/11/2019 HL LabManual 2013 14 Modified
24/119
HAR'WARE LA
A *%$$% +$9 6!u& %8$!& #%& 8lu$%& l!! l% $9:
' 8a#a8$,:
H%&% a&% $!&a7% 8a#a8$% 6!& $+! $,#% !6 3( *%$$%:
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!#%&a$!n 6!& *%$%&"nn7 $9% nu"b%& !6 8,ln*%&. %8$!& #%& $&a8. !& &%a*-+&$% 9%a*
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,$%" 6l% !n$! $9% 6&$ %8$!& !6 $9% *a$a a&%a( F%& 6l% %$9%& ""%*a$%l, 6!ll!+ $9%
,$%" 6l% !&. 6 $9%&% a&% n! ,$%" 6l% b%7n a$ $9% $a&$ !6 $9% *a$a a&%a(
C!"#u$%& '%#a&$"%n$( SIT. L!naala
SECTOR SECTOR SECTOR SECTOR
CLFSTER
OOT RECOR' AT 'IRECTOR; S;STEM ILES
S;STEM 'ATA AREA
-
8/11/2019 HL LabManual 2013 14 Modified
25/119
HAR'WARE LA
- T9% ,$%" a&%a $9% 6&$ a&%a !6 a * !n $9% !u$%& "!$ $&a8 b%7nnn7 +$9
*% 0. $&a8 0 an* %8$!& 1(
- T9% 6!ll!+n7 l$ 7% $9% !&7an@a$!n !6 3( *%$$% *%8%. 9!+n7 $a&$n7
an* %n*n7 %8$!& nu"b%&:
OOT AT 'IRECTOR;
0 1-1 15-32
T9% n%1. 2. 4. !& ?
0EH Nu"b%& !6 &%%&%* %8$!&
10H Nu"b%& !6 8!#% !6 AT >1 (!& 2?
11H Nu"b%& !6 &!!$ *&%8$!&, %n$&%
13H Nu"b%& !6 * %8$!& 6 !lu"% l% $9an 32M
1H M%*a *%8$!& b,$% >a"% a 6&$ b,$% !6 AT. *%8&b%* la$%&?
1H Nu"b%& !6 %8$!& 6!& AT
1H Nu"b%& !6 %8$!& #%& $&a8
1AH Nu"b%& !6 &%a*-+&$% 9%a* >*% !& u&6a8%?
1CH Nu"b%& !6 9**%n %8$!&
C!"#u$%& '%#a&$"%n$( SIT. L!naala
3( / 1(44M
-
8/11/2019 HL LabManual 2013 14 Modified
26/119
HAR'WARE LA
1EH R%%&%* b, $9% ,$%"
20H T!$al nu"b%& !6 %8$!& 6 !lu"% 7&%a$%& $9an 32M
24H P9,8al *&% nu"b%& >6!& *%$$%. A 0 6!& 9a&* *. 0H *&% C?
2H R%%&%* b, $9% ,$%"
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Call +$9:-
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-
8/11/2019 HL LabManual 2013 14 Modified
27/119
HAR'WARE LA
I6 unu88%6ul
Ca&&, 6la7 %$
FA29%
1? W9a$ OOT RECOR'
2? W9a$ '&%8$!&,
3? W9a$ #%&"an%n$ !n OOT R%8!&*
4? L$ $9% 89a&a8$%&$8 !6 ' S$!&a7% '%8%
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? W9a$ %8$!&
C!"#u$%& '%#a&$"%n$( SIT. L!naala
-
8/11/2019 HL LabManual 2013 14 Modified
28/119
HAR'WARE LA
B? W9a$ 8,ln*%&
? W9a$ #9,8al S%8$!&
5? W9a$ &%la$% S%8$!&
10? W9a$ 6un8$!n !6 ' C!n$&!ll%&
11? W9a$ 8lu$%&
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1? '%7n a P&!7&a" +989 %&6% $9% %8$!&
2? '%7n a #&!7&a" +989 6!&"a$ $9% $&a8
C!"#u$%& '%#a&$"%n$( SIT. L!naala
-
8/11/2019 HL LabManual 2013 14 Modified
29/119
HAR'WARE LA
3? '%7n #&!7&a" +989 7% $9% *&% #a&a"%$%&
CONCLUSION
C!"#u$%& '%#a&$"%n$( SIT. L!naala
-
8/11/2019 HL LabManual 2013 14 Modified
30/119
HAR'WARE LA
ASSIGNMENT NO &
TITLE
S$u*, !6 6l!##,
a? R!!$ *&%8$!&,
b? a$
PLATFORM
'OS/Wn-5
THEORY:
ROOT 'IRECTOR;:
All 6l% !n a * b%7n !n a 8lu$%& b!un*a&,. +989 $9% 6&$ %8$!& !6 $9% 8lu$%&( !&
%a89 6l%. $9% ,$%" 8&%a$% a 32-b,$% >20H? *&%8$!&, %n$&, $9a$ *%8&b% $9% na"% !6
$9% 6l%. $9% *a$% !6 8&%a$!n. $ @%. an* $9% l!8a$!n !6 $ $a&$n7 8lu$%&(
00H l% Na"%
0H T"% a$$&bu$% !& La$ u#*a$%*
0CH E
-
8/11/2019 HL LabManual 2013 14 Modified
31/119
HAR'WARE LA
5a07e Mea/i/;
00H '&( En$&, 9a n%%& b%%n u%* %n* !6 !88u#%* #!&$!n !6 *&%8$!&,
0H &$ 89a&a8$%& !6 6l% na"% a8$uall, EH
2EH En$&, an Ala 6!& $9% 8u&&%n$ !& #a&%n$ *&%8$!&,(I6 $9% n%
-
8/11/2019 HL LabManual 2013 14 Modified
32/119
HAR'WARE LA
- !$9 *%$$% an* 9a&* * *%8% a&% &un b, a 8!n$&!ll%& $9a$ 9an*l% $9% #la8%"%n$
!6 &%a*/+&$% 9%a* !n $9% * u&6a8% an* $&an6%& *a$a b%$+%%n * an* "%"!&,(
- T&a8 a&% **%* n$! a nu"b%& !6 %7"%n$ 8all%* %8$!&(Ea89 %8$!& 7%n%&all,
8!n$an 12b,$%an* $9% "all%$ un$ !6 *a$a $9a$ 8an b% a88%%* b, a * *&%
>al$9!u79 !6$+a&% "a% $ #!bl% $! a88% n**ual b,$% an* %%n n**ual b$?(
- T&a8 !n %a89 #la$$%& a&% a7n%* 8!n%8u$% nu"b%& b, $9% !#%&a$n7 ,$%".
b%7nnn7 +$9 @%&! 6!& $9% !u$%&"!$ $&a8( T9% !#%&a$n7 ,$%" &%"%"b%& +9%&% *a$a
$!&%* b, n!$n7 $9%% nu"b%& a +%ll a $9!% !6 $9% 8,ln*%&. 9%a* an* %8$!&(
C!"#u$%& '%#a&$"%n$( SIT. L!naala
http://www.linfo.org/sector.htmlhttp://www.linfo.org/byte.htmlhttp://www.linfo.org/software.htmlhttp://www.linfo.org/bit.htmlhttp://www.linfo.org/sector.htmlhttp://www.linfo.org/byte.htmlhttp://www.linfo.org/software.htmlhttp://www.linfo.org/bit.html -
8/11/2019 HL LabManual 2013 14 Modified
33/119
HAR'WARE LA
C,0i/de
- A 8,ln*%& a %&$8al %$ !6 all !6 $9% $&a8 +$9 $9% a"% nu"b%& !n %a89
u&6a8% !6 a *%$$% !& 9a&* *( T9u 8,ln*%& 0 $9% %$ !6 all $&a8 nu"b%&%*
0 !n %%&, *%. 8,ln*%& 1 $9% %$ !6 all $&a8 nu"b%&%* I. an* ! 6!&$9( !& a
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nu"b%& an* 9%a* a&% $9% a"% 6!& %
-
8/11/2019 HL LabManual 2013 14 Modified
34/119
HAR'WARE LA
P,9ica0 Sec8-
A "all%$ un$ $! $!&% *a$a !n * !6 8a#a8$, 12 b,$%(
Re0a8i
-
8/11/2019 HL LabManual 2013 14 Modified
35/119
HAR'WARE LA
&%u&% 11100 %8!n*. +989 %ual 10 "ll%8!n*( La$%n8,
$9%&%6!&% "ll%8!n*(
C0798e9
- A 8lu$%& a 7&!u# !6 %8$!& $9a$ $9% ,$%" $&%a$ a a un$ !6 $!&a7% #a8%(
- A 8lu$%& (@% al+a, a #!+%& !6 2. u89 a 1. 2.4. !& %8$!&(
A *%$$% +$9 $+! %8$!& #%& 8lu$%& l!! l% $9:
A *%$$% +$9 6!u& %8$!& #%& 8lu$%& l!! l% $9:
Di9: ca+aci8,
H%&% a&% $!&a7% 8a#a8$% 6!& $+! $,#% !6 3( *%$$%:
C!"#u$%& '%#a&$"%n$( SIT. L!naala
SECTOR
CLFSTER
SECTOR SECTOR
CLFSTER
SECTOR SECTOR SECTOR SECTOR
CLFSTER
-
8/11/2019 HL LabManual 2013 14 Modified
36/119
HAR'WARE LA
Ca#a8$,T&a8 #%&
S*%
>C,ln*%&?
S%8$!&
P%&
T&a8
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P%&
S%8$!&
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3( B20K 0 5 12 B3B.20 2
3( 1(44M 0 1 12 1.4B4.0 1
!& 9a&* *. 8a#a8$% a&, 8!n*%&abl, b, *%8% an* b, #a&$$!n( F%6ul
!#%&a$!n 6!& *%$%&"nn7 $9% nu"b%& !6 8,ln*%&. %8$!& #%& $&a8. !& &%a*-+&$% 9%a*
n8lu*% INT 2lH 6un8$!n IH an* 440'H +$9 "n!& 8!*% OH(
Di9: aea
T9% *a$a a&%a 6!& a b!!$abl% * !& *%$$% b%7n +$9 $+! ,$%" 6l% na"%*
IO(S;S an* MS'OS(S;S( W9%n +% u% ORMAT/S $! 6!&"a$ a *. 'OS 8!#% $
,$%" 6l% !n$! $9% 6&$ %8$!& !6 $9% *a$a a&%a( F%& 6l% %$9%& ""%*a$%l, 6!ll!+ $9%
,$%" 6l% !&. 6 $9%&% a&% n! ,$%" 6l% b%7n a$ $9% $a&$ !6 $9% *a$a a&%a(
- T9% ,$%" a&%a $9% 6&$ a&%a !6 a * !n $9% !u$%& "!$ $&a8 b%7nnn7 +$9
*% 0. $&a8 0 an* %8$!& 1(
- T9% 6!ll!+n7 l$ 7% $9% !&7an@a$!n !6 3( *%$$% *%8%. 9!+n7 $a&$n7
an* %n*n7 %8$!& nu"b%&:
OOT AT 'IRECTOR;
0 1-1 15-32
C!"#u$%& '%#a&$"%n$( SIT. L!naala
OOT RECOR' AT 'IRECTOR; S;STEM ILES
S;STEM 'ATA AREA
3( / 1(44M
-
8/11/2019 HL LabManual 2013 14 Modified
37/119
HAR'WARE LA
T9% n%
-
8/11/2019 HL LabManual 2013 14 Modified
38/119
HAR'WARE LA
OOH N!&"al 6l%
01H l% $9a$ 8an !nl, b% &%a* >&%a*-!nl,?
02H H**%n 6l%. n!$ *#la,%* b, a *&%8$!&, %a&89
04H S,$%" 6l%. n!$ *#la,%* b, a *&%8$!&, %a&89
0H )!lu"% lab%l >6 $9 a !lu"% lab%l &%8!&*. $9% lab%l $%l6 n
$9% 6l%na"% an* %!& %
-
8/11/2019 HL LabManual 2013 14 Modified
39/119
HAR'WARE LA
'X $a&$n7 %8$!& nu"b%&
'S: X %7"%n$ !66%$ !6 nu"b%&
R%$u&n: - 6 u88%6ul
Ca&&, 6la7 8l%a&
I6 unu88%6ul
Ca&&, 6la7%$
AX%&&!& 8!*%
FILE ALLOCATION TABLE(FAT)
- Pu!% !6 AT $! all!8a$% * #a8% 6!& 6l%( AT 8!n$an %n$&, 6!& %a89
8lu$%& !n *(
- AT b%7n a$ %8$!& 2
- O&7nal *%7n%& #&!*% 6!& 2 8!#% !6 AT >AT 1 an* AT 2?(
- AT 2 8!ul* b% u%* 6 AT 1 8!&&u#$%*(
- l% All!8a$!n Tabl% >AT? a #a&$all, #a$%n$%* 6l% ,$%" *%%l!#%* b,
M8&!!6$6!& MS-'OSan* +a $9% #&"a&, 6l% ,$%" 6!& 8!nu"%& %&!n !6
M8&!!6$ Wn*!+u# $! an* n8lu*n7Wn*!+ M%(
- AT a $ a##l% $! 6l%AT12 an* AT1
+$9!u$ l!n7 6l% na"% u##!&$? 9a b%%n $an*a&*@%* a ECMA-10B an*
ISO/IEC 5253(
- AT a&% "anl, $9&%% $,#%(
1? AT12
2? AT1
3? AT32
C!"#u$%& '%#a&$"%n$( SIT. L!naala
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsofthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windowshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Mehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsofthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windowshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Me -
8/11/2019 HL LabManual 2013 14 Modified
40/119
HAR'WARE LA
AT12 AT1 AT32
'%%l!#%& M8&!!6$
ull Na"% l% All!8a$!n Tabl% l% All!8a$!n Tabl% l% All!8a$!n Tabl%>12-b$ %&!n? >1-b$ %&!n? >32-b$ %&!n?
In$&!*u8%* 15BB >M8&!!6$ '
ASIC?
N!%"b%& 15B.
>C!"#a'OS 3(31?
Au7u$ 155 >Wn*!+
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Pa&$$!n
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all!+n7 6!& *&% @% n $9% &an7% !6 $%&ab,$%+$9 32K 8lu$%&. bu$ $9% b!!$
C!"#u$%& '%#a&$"%n$( SIT. L!naala
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_developerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsofthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_BASIChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_BASIChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compaqhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_95http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_95http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partition_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partition_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_boot_recordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_boot_recordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_boot_recordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GUID_Partition_Tablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder-head-sectorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder-head-sectorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PC_AThttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terabytehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_developerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsofthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_BASIChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_BASIChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compaqhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_95http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_95http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partition_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partition_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_boot_recordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_boot_recordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_boot_recordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GUID_Partition_Tablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder-head-sectorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder-head-sectorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PC_AThttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terabyte -
8/11/2019 HL LabManual 2013 14 Modified
41/119
HAR'WARE LA
%8$!& u% a 32 b$ 6%l* $! l"$ !lu"% @% $! 232%8$!& >2T !n a 9a&* *
+$9 12 b,$% %8$!&?.
FA29%
1? W9a$ ROOT RECOR'
2? W9a$ '&%8$!&,
3? W9a$ AT an* W9a$ $ n8lu*%
4? L$ $9% 89a&a8$%&$8 !6 ' S$!&a7% '%8%
? W9a$ $&a8
? W9a$ %8$!&
C!"#u$%& '%#a&$"%n$( SIT. L!naala
-
8/11/2019 HL LabManual 2013 14 Modified
42/119
HAR'WARE LA
B? W9a$ 8,ln*%&
? W9a$ #9,8al S%8$!&
5? W9a$ &%la$% S%8$!&
10? W9a$ 6un8$!n !6 ' C!n$&!ll%&
11? W9a$ 8lu$%&
De9i;/ P-60em:-
C!"#u$%& '%#a&$"%n$( SIT. L!naala
-
8/11/2019 HL LabManual 2013 14 Modified
43/119
HAR'WARE LA
1? '%7n a P&!7&a" +989 %&6% $9% %8$!&
2? '%7n a #&!7&a" +989 6!&"a$ $9% $&a8
3? '%7n #&!7&a" +989 7% $9% *&% #a&a"%$%&
CONCLUSION
ASSIGNMENT NO "
C!"#u$%& '%#a&$"%n$( SIT. L!naala
-
8/11/2019 HL LabManual 2013 14 Modified
44/119
HAR'WARE LA
TITLE: S$u*, !6 P&n$%& '%8% '&%&
PLATFORMWIN'OWS 5
THEORY:
4. File syste $riers
A *%8% *&%& ((( a 8!"#u$%& #&!7&a" $9a$ %nabl% an!$9%& #&!7&a" ((( $! n$%&a8$
+$9 a 9a&*+a&% *%8%( , %
-
8/11/2019 HL LabManual 2013 14 Modified
45/119
HAR'WARE LA
a##l8a$!n a88% *%8% >u89 a %n*n7 a 6l% $! a #&n$%&? b, un7 979-l%%l.
7%n%&8 8!""an*. u89 a PRINTLN( T9% *&%& a88%#$ $9%% 7%n%&8 $a$%"%n$ an*
8!n%&$ $9%" n$! $9% l!+-l%%l 8!""an* &%u&%* b, $9% *%8%(
M8&!!6$ 9a a$$%"#$%* $! &%*u8% ,$%" n$abl$, *u% $! #!!&l, +&$$%n *%8% *&%&.
b, 8&%a$n7 a n%+ 6&a"%+!& 6!& *&%& *%%l!#"%n$. 8all%* Wn*!+ '&%& !un*a$!n
>W'?( T9 n8lu*% F%&-M!*% '&%& &a"%+!& >FM'? $9a$ %n8!u&a7%
*%%l!#"%n$ !6 8%&$an $,#% !6 *&%& - #&"a&l, $9!% $9a$ "#l%"%n$ a "%a7%-ba%*
#&!$!8!l6!& 8!""un8a$n7 +$9 $9%& *%8% - a u%& "!*% *&%&( I6 u89 *&%&
"al6un8$!n. $9%, *! n!$ 8au% ,$%" n$abl$,( T9% K%&n%l-M!*% '&%& &a"%+!&
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HAR'WARE LA
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OH R%a* 6aul$
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HAR'WARE LA
MS-'OS u% $9% nu"b%& !6 un$ &%$u&n%* b, a bl!8 *&%& n $9% &%u%$ 9%a*%& $!
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HAR'WARE LA
13H-14H H79-!&*%& +!&* !6 nu"b%& !6 9**%n %8$!& >%&!n 4(0?
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HAR'WARE LA
THEORY:
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HAR'WARE LA
Da8a Ta/9mi99i-/ E/a60e Da8a C-/8-0 E/a60e
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HAR'WARE LA
%%&al $"% 6a$%& $9an !u& 'CE $! 'CE #%%* $9% PC 8an %n* *a$a $! ,!u& "!*%" a$
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1
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4
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HAR'WARE LA
#!&$*: #!&$ $! +989 *a$a $! b% %n$ !& 6&!" +989 *a$a $! b% &%a*(
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HAR'WARE LA
!& %0. 01. *a$a. 0?(
S"la&l, b!8!">1. 0. 0 ? +ll &%a* a *a$a b,$% 6&!" $9% #!&$(
T9 "%$9!* 9%l#6ul n +&$n7 %&al #!&$ #&!7&a" +$9 n7l% 8!"#u$%&( Al! ,!u 8an
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C!"#u$%& '%#a&$"%n$( SIT. L!naala
-
8/11/2019 HL LabManual 2013 14 Modified
68/119
HAR'WARE LA
#!&$ $! 8!"2 !6 $9% a"% 8!"#u$%& an* 89an7% $9% #!&$ * n $9% #&!7&a"( T9% *a$a %n$
$! $9% #!&$ 8!"1 9!ul* 8!"% $! #!&$ 8!"2( $9%n al! +9a$%%& ,!u $,#% n $9% %,b!a&*
9!ul* a##%a& !n $9% 8&%%n(
FA29-
1? W9a$ RS232
2? W989 3 ln% !6 RS232 a&% u%* 6!& *a$a $&an"!n
3? W9a$ bau* &a$%
4? W9a$ 'CE
? W9a$ 'TE
? W9a$ 6un8$!n !6 NFL M!*%"
B? W989 #&!$!8!l a&% u%* b, NFLL M!*%"
? W9a$ 6un8$!n !6 IOSCOM
5? W9a$ ,n$a< !6 [b!8!"
C!"#u$%& '%#a&$"%n$( SIT. L!naala
-
8/11/2019 HL LabManual 2013 14 Modified
69/119
-
8/11/2019 HL LabManual 2013 14 Modified
70/119
HAR'WARE LA
n$ n$n$ n$n!. un!n REGS \n&%7. un!n REGS \!u$&%7.
$&u8$ SREGS \%7&%7?
R%"a&:
n$ an* n$< %
-
8/11/2019 HL LabManual 2013 14 Modified
71/119
HAR'WARE LA
$9%% 6un8$!n %$ *!%&&n! $! $9% %&&!& 8!*%
REGS(7/i-/)
T9% un!n REGS u%* $! #a n6!&"a$!n $! an* 6&!" $9%% 6un8$!n:
n$ n$< n$*! n$*!'PMI?
THEORY
I/8-d7c8i-/ 8- P-8ec8ed%M-de
W9%n n$&!*u8%* n $9% la$% 15B0. $9% 0 +a 8!n*%&%* a $%89n!l!78al
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C!"#u$%& '%#a&$"%n$( SIT. L!naala
-
8/11/2019 HL LabManual 2013 14 Modified
75/119
HAR'WARE LA
a"!un$ !6 "%"!&, >u# $! 1M?( T9% 0 7an%* an %n!&"!u #!#ula&$, !!n a6$%& $
n$&!*u8$!n. n8% $ +a 89!%n b, IM %n7n%%& +9%n $9%, *%7n%* $9% 6&$ #%&!nal
8!"#u$%& >$9%, a8$uall, u%* a a&an$ !6 $9% 0 n!+n a $9% 0 bu$ $9% *66%&%n8%
a&% "n!&?( Sn8% 1M !6 "%"!&, +a 8!n*%&%* an !%&ll 6!& a #%&!nal 8!"#u$%&.
IM *%8*%* $! u$l@% !nl, $9% 6&$ 40K 6!& RAM an* &%%&% $9% &%"ann7 34K
6!& $9% IOS an* ISA a**-!n 8a&*( A$ 6&$. "!$ a##l8a$!n +%&% &a$9%& 8!"#a8$ an*
$9%&%6!&% +%&% n!$ a66%8$%* b, $9% 40K ba&&%&. bu$ %%n$uall, !"% "%"!&, 9!77n7
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n8!!&a$%* $+!: A ba8+a&* 8!"#a$bl% 0 !#%&a$n7 "!*% 8all%* R%al-M!*% an* a%8!n*a&, a*an8%* "!*% 8all%* P&!$%8$%*-M!*%(
P-8ec8ed%M-de Mem-, Ma/a;eme/8
W9%n $9% #&!8%!& &unnn7 n #&!$%8$%*-"!*%. $+! "%89an" a&% n!l%* n $9%
"%"!&, $&anla$!n #&!8%: S%7"%n$a$!n an* Pa7n7( Al$9!u79 +!&n7 n $an*%".
$9%% $+! "%89an" a&% 8!"#l%$%l, n*%#%n*%n$ !6 %a89 !$9%&( In 6a8$. $9% #a7n7 un$
8an b% *abl%* b, 8l%a&n7 a n7l% b$ n an n$%&nal #&!8%!& &%7$%&( In $9 8a%. $9%
ln%a& a**&%% +989 a&% 7%n%&a$%* b, $9% %7"%n$a$!n un$ #a $&an#a&%n$l, $9&!u79
$9% #a7n7 un$ an* $&a79$ $! $9% #&!8%!& a**&% bu(
7u&% 1 - P&!$%8$%*-"!*% a**&% $&anla$!n #&!8%
Se;me/8a8i-/
C!"#u$%& '%#a&$"%n$( SIT. L!naala
-
8/11/2019 HL LabManual 2013 14 Modified
76/119
HAR'WARE LA
T9% &!l% !6 $9% %7"%n$a$!n un$ $9% a"% a !n $9% 0 #&!8%!&( I$ all!+ $9%
!#%&a$n7 ,$%" $! **% #&!7&a" n$! l!78al bl!8 an* #la8% %a89 bl!8 n a
*66%&%n$ "%"!&, &%7!n( T9 "a% $ #!bl% $! &%7ula$% a88% $! 8&$8al %8$!n !6
$9% a##l8a$!n an* 9%l# *%n$6, bu7 *u&n7 $9% *%%l!#"%n$ #&!8%( T9%
"#l%"%n$a$!n !6 $9% %7"%n$a$!n un$ !n $9% 03 >an* ab!%? "#l, an %%l%8$!&? 6!u& b$ $! $9% l%6$ an* a**n7 an !66%$
>l% n &%al-"!*%?. $9% #&!8%!& $&%a$ %a89 %l%8$!& a an n*%< $! a '%8$!& Tabl%(
De9ci+8- Ta60e9
'%8$!& $abl% &%*% n ,$%" "%"!&, an* a&% u%* b, $9% #&!8%!& $! #%&6!&"
a**&% $&anla$!n( Ea89 %n$&, n a *%8$!& $abl% b,$% l!n7 an* &%#&%%n$ a n7l%
C!"#u$%& '%#a&$"%n$( SIT. L!naala
-
8/11/2019 HL LabManual 2013 14 Modified
77/119
HAR'WARE LA
%7"%n$ n "%"!&,( A *%8$!& %n$&, 8!n$an b!$9 a #!n$%& $! $9% 6&$ b,$% n $9%
a!8a$%* %7"%n$ an* a 20-b$ alu% +989 &%#&%%n$ $9% @% !6 $9% %7"%n$ n
"%"!&,( S%%&al !$9%& 6%l* 8!n$an #%8al a$$&bu$% u89 a a #&l%7% l%%l an* $9%
%7"%n$ $,#%( 7u&% 3 #&%%n$ $9% %32-b$?
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4G ln%a& a**&% #a8%(
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W9%n $9% *%8$!& %n$&, *%8&b% a 8!*% %7"%n$. $9
b$ u%* $! #%86, $9% *%6aul$ l%n7$9 !6 !#%&an* an*
a**&%%(
W9%n $9% b$ %$. $9% #&!8%!& au"% a 32-b$
C!"#u$%& '%#a&$"%n$( SIT. L!naala
-
8/11/2019 HL LabManual 2013 14 Modified
78/119
HAR'WARE LA
%7"%n$(
W9%n $9% b$ 8l%a&. a 1-b$ %7"%n$ au"%*(
W9%n $9% *%8$!& %n$&, *%8&b% a *a$a %7"%n$. $9
b$ u%* $! 8!n$&!l $9% !#%&a$!n !6 $9% $a8(
W9%n $9 b$ %$. $a8 !#%&a$!n u% $9% ESP &%7$%&(
W9%n $9 b$ 8l%a&. $a8 !#%&a$!n u% $9% SP &%7$%&(
'PL
De9ci+8- Pi
-
8/11/2019 HL LabManual 2013 14 Modified
79/119
HAR'WARE LA
W9%n $9 b$ 8l%a&. $9 a ,$%" %7"%n$(
T,#%
Se;me/8 T,+e (&%6i89)
W9%n $9% *%8$!& %n$&, *%8&b% a 8!*% %7"%n$. $9
6%l* *%$%&"n% $9% $,#% !6 $9% %7"%n$: %
-
8/11/2019 HL LabManual 2013 14 Modified
80/119
HAR'WARE LA
7u&% 4 - R%la$!n9# b%$+%%n %l%8$!& an* %7"%n$
A 67u&% 9!+. ln%a& a**&% 8al8ula$!n >+989 8an b% $9% #9,8al a**&% 6 #a7n7
*abl%*? *!n% b, un7 $9% %l%8$!& a an n*%< $! $9% *%8$!& $abl%. 7%$$n7 $9%
ba% a**&% !6 $9% %7"%n$. an* a**n7 $9% !66%$(
7u&% - )&$ual $! ln%a& a**&% $&anla$!n
C!"#u$%& '%#a&$"%n$( SIT. L!naala
-
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81/119
HAR'WARE LA
T+! $,#% !6 *%8$!& $abl% a&% u%* b, $9% #&!8%!& +9%n +!&n7 n #&!$%8$%*-
"!*%( T9% 6&$ n!+n a $9% GDT>Gl!bal '%8$!& Tabl%? an* u%* "anl, 6!&
9!l*n7 *%8$!& %n$&% !6 !#%&a$n7 ,$%" %7"%n$( T9% %8!n* $,#% n!+n a $9%
LDT >L!8al '%8$!& Tabl%? an* 8!n$an %n$&% !6 n!&"al a##l8a$!n %7"%n$
>al$9!u79 n!$ n%8%a&l,?( 'u&n7 n$al@a$!n. $9% %&n%l 8&%a$% a n7l% G'T +989
%#$ n "%"!&, un$l %$9%& $9% !#%&a$n7 ,$%" $%&"na$% !& un$l $9% #&!8%!&
+$89%* ba8 $! &%al-"!*%(
W9%n%%& $9% u%& $a&$ an a##l8a$!n. $9% !#%&a$n7 ,$%" 8&%a$% a n%+ L'T $! 9!l*
$9% *%8$!& %n$&% +989 &%#&%%n$ $9% %7"%n$ u%* b, $9% n%+ $a( T9 "a% $
#!bl% 6!& $9% !#%&a$n7 ,$%" $! !la$% %a89 $a a**&% #a8% b, %nabln7 a
*66%&%n$ L'T +9%n%%& a $a +$89 !88u&( u7 an* !$9%& %&&!& n $9% a##l8a$!n8ann!$ a66%8$ !$9%& &unnn7 #&!8%% an* a&% l"$%* n 8!#% $! $9% 8u&&%n$l, "a##%*
"%"!&, %7"%n$(
N!$% $9a$ n!$ all !#%&a$n7 ,$%" b%9a% %6!& n$an8%. all
Wn*!+ a##l8a$!n 9a&% a n7l% L'T?( H!+%%&. $9 $9% &%8!""%n*%*
#&!7&a""n7 #&a8$8% a !66%&%* b, In$%l(
W9%n l!!n7 6!& a #%868 *%8$!& %n$&,. $9% a**&%n7 un$ n $9% #&!8%!& u% $9%TI b$ >+989 #a&$ !6 $9% %l%8$!&? $! *%8*% +989 *%8$!& $abl% 9!ul* b% u%* >$9%
G'T !& $9% 8u&&%n$l, a8$% L'T?( 7u&% 9!+ $9 #&!8% n 8la&$,(
C!"#u$%& '%#a&$"%n$( SIT. L!naala
-
8/11/2019 HL LabManual 2013 14 Modified
82/119
-
8/11/2019 HL LabManual 2013 14 Modified
83/119
HAR'WARE LA
#C9a& Gl!balAll!8>GMEMIXE'. 100?
#C9a&0 A
T9 #%8% !6 8!*% a Wn*!+ $! all!8a$% a 100 b,$% bu66%& an* $!&% $ a**&% n a
6a& #!n$%& 8all%* #C9a&( I6 ,!u %
-
8/11/2019 HL LabManual 2013 14 Modified
84/119
HAR'WARE LA
T9% #a7n7 un$ $&%a$ $9% ln%a& an* #9,8al a**&% #a8% a a 8!ll%8$!n !6
8!n%8u$% 4K #a7% >T9% P%n$u" an* P%n$u" P&! 8an al! 9an*l% 4M #a7%?( A
ln%a& #a7% 8an b% "a##%* $! an, !6 $9% #9,8al #a7% !& $ 8an b% "a&%* a n!n-
#&%%n$ $! "a% $ %n$% $! "%"!&, a88%%( T&,n7 $! &%a* !& "!*6, a n!n-#&%%n$
#a7% 8au% $9% #&!8%!& $! 7%n%&a$% a Pa;e Fa708 E=ce+8i-/>%
-
8/11/2019 HL LabManual 2013 14 Modified
85/119
HAR'WARE LA
T9% n%+989 &%#&%%n$ $9% #9,8al a**&% !6 a #9,8al
#a7% n "%"!&,? an* $9% 12 l!+%& b$ !6 $9% ln%a& a**&% >$9% !66%$ n$! $9% #a7%?. $9%
#&!8%!& 8an l!8a$% $9% &%u%$%* #9,8al a**&% an* %n* $ $! $ a**&% bu( 7u&%
B 9!+ $9% n$%&nal $&u8$u&% !6 a ln%a& a**&% an* $ n$%&%$a$!n b, $9% #&!8%!&(
7u&% B - C!"#!n%n$ !6 a ln%a& a**&%
T9% $+!-l%%l a**&% n*&%8$!n "%89an" >#a7% *&%8$!&, an* #a7% $abl%? +a 89!%n
$! !l% $9% #&!bl%" &%la$%* $! $9% "%"!&, !88u#%* b, $9% #a7% $abl% $9%"%l%( Sn8%
%a89 #a7% $abl% >n8lu*n7 $9% #a7% *&%8$!&, $abl%? !88u#% 4K !6 #9,8al "%"!&,
>1024 %n$&% \ 4 b,$% %a89?. 1024 #a7% $abl% >!n% #a7% $abl% 6!& %a89 %n$&, n $9% #a7%
*&%8$!&,? +!ul* &%u&% 4M !6 "%"!&, - An a+6ul +a$% !6 aluabl% "%"!&, b,$%(
T9% u% !6 $9% #a7% *&%8$!&, $abl% !l% $9 #&!bl%" n8% %a89 %n$&, >+989 &%#&%%n$
a 4K #a7% $abl%? 8an b% "a&%* a n!n-#&%%n$( N!n-#&%%n$ #a7% $abl% %l"na$% $9%
n%%* $! all!8a$% a 89un !6 4K #9,8al "%"!&, $! 9!l* $9%& 8!n$%n$(
Fn*%& Wn*!+ 5. %a89 &unnn7 32-b$ #&!8% "a##%* $! $9% 4M-2G &an7% !6
ln%a& a**&% #a8%( Al$9!u79 32-b$ a##l8a$!n 9a&% $9% a"% ln%a& a**&% #a8%.
Wn*!+ l!a* %a89 a##l8a$!n $! a *66%&%n$ #9,8al "%"!&, l!8a$!n >6 %n!u79
"%"!&, aalabl%?( W9%n%%& a $a +$89 !88u&. Wn*!+ "!*6% $ #a7% $abl%
C!"#u$%& '%#a&$"%n$( SIT. L!naala
-
8/11/2019 HL LabManual 2013 14 Modified
86/119
HAR'WARE LA
$! &%6l%8$ $9% n%+ ln%a& $! #9,8al "a##n7 89%"% an* +a# l%a$ &%8%n$l, u%* #a7%
!6 "%"!&, $! *(
FA29%
1? W9a$ %7"%n$a$!n
2? W9a$ #a7n7
3? W9a$ +!&n7 !6 1BH un8$!n +$9 n$%&&u#$ 2H
4? W9a$ *%8$!& $abl%
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? W9a$ G'T
B? W9a$ L'T
C!"#u$%& '%#a&$"%n$( SIT. L!naala
-
8/11/2019 HL LabManual 2013 14 Modified
87/119
HAR'WARE LA
? W9a$ L'TR an* G'TR
5? W9a$ u% !6 un8$!n 1BH +$9 In$%&&u#$ INT2H
10? H!+ L'TR an* G'TR a&% &%la$%*
Design roblem!"1) Write ALP to fnd real mode !""orted or not#2) $ei%n ALP to "er&orm ot'er o"eration !""orted ( *nter!"t 2F+#3) Write ALP to di"la de,ri"tor ta(le entrie#
CONCLUSION
ASSIGNMENT NO
C!"#u$%& '%#a&$"%n$( SIT. L!naala
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88/119
HAR'WARE LA
TITLE
S$u*, !6 P%n$u" M!$9%&b!a&*:
1( S$u*, !6 M!$9%&b!a&* La,!u$(
2( S$u*, !6 CMOS SETFP
PLATFORM
Wn*!+ XP
THEORY
M!$9%&b!a&* $9% la&7%$ 8&8u$ b!a&* n*% $9% 8!"#u$%&. $ 8!n$an $9%
8!"#u$%& CPF. "%"!&, >RAM ROM? a&!u u##!&$ 89# 6!& CPF(
M!$9%&b!a&* al! 8!n$an "an, %
-
8/11/2019 HL LabManual 2013 14 Modified
89/119
HAR'WARE LA
I$ n8lu*% 'MA 8!n$&!ll%&. 4-b$ 'MA #a7% &%7$%& a**&% bu66%&
a**&% la$89( T9% 'MA 8!n$&!ll%& #&!*% 4 89ann%l bu$ $9% PC "a% $9% u%
!6 !nl, 3 89ann%l( T9% 89ann%l 1 n!$ u%* n PC(
W9%n $9% 'MA 8!n$&!ll%& #%&6!&" a bu 8,8l% $ %n* LS a**&% b$
!n $9% a**&% #n A0 AB +989 a&% 8!nn%8$%* $! XA0 XAB( T9% MS
a** b$ a&% u%* b, $9% 'MA 8!n$&!ll%& !n $ *a$a #n '0 'B( T9
#&%%n$ !n $9%&% !nl, 6!& 8l!8 8,8l%( T9% la$89 !u$#u$ a&% 8!nn%8$%* $! A
A1( W9%n $9% CPF 8&8u$ 1 !6 bu $9% 'MA AEN 7nal a$ OE I/P #n N!1 !6
$9 la$89 979 "an7 $9% la$89 !u$#u$ b-*&%8$!nal(
T9% X1OW XIOR a&% b*&%8$!nal 7nal +9%&%a XMEMW
XMEMR a&% !nl, O/P 7nal 6&!" 'MA 8!n$&!ll%&(
$. 3e,6-ad L-;ic
T9% %,b!a&* l!78 n$%&6a8% &%8%% $9% 8an 8!*% n $9% %&al 6!&"a$
6&!" $9% %,b!a&* a%"bl% $9% %&al *a$a n$! #a&all%l b$ 8an 8!*%
7%n%&a$% n$%&&u#$ &%u%$ $! $9% n$%&&u#$ l!78( T9% S;S >IR? S/W 6!ll!+
#%868 #&!$!8!l +$9 %,b!a&* u# 6!& *a$a $&an6%& 8!n$&!l %u%n8%( T9%
%,b!a&* I/P H/W 8!n$ !6 6!ll!+n7 %8$!n(
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? In$%&&u#$ 7%n%&a$!n l!78(
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*&%8$!nal C!""un8a$!n:
T9% %,b!a&* P $&an"$ $9% 8an 8!*% $! $9% PC ,$%" !%& a %&al n$%&6a8%.
$9%&% a&% 2 b*&%8$!nal ln% b%$+%%n %,b!a&* PC "!$9%&b!a&*. !n% ln%
6!& $9% %&al *a$a b$ !$9%& 6!& 8l!8 7nal( T9% 4 7nal b%$+%%n %,b!a&*
PC a&% ) 'C 7&!un*. 'ATA 8&8u$( T9% %,b!a&* uP 89%8 $9% $a$u !6 b!$9.
$9% 89%8 ln% *a$a ln% !nl, 6 b!$9 ln% a&% 979. $9% %,b!a&* 8!n$an$l,
%n* *a$a(
4( ROM L-;ic-
C!"#u$%& '%#a&$"%n$( SIT. L!naala
-
8/11/2019 HL LabManual 2013 14 Modified
90/119
HAR'WARE LA
In a PC. $9% la$ 4K "%"!&, #a8% 6&!" 0000 !n+a&* &%8%%* 6!& ROM
*%#%n*n7 !n $9% ROM>89%8? 89# $,#% u%* a##&!#&a$% n!( !6 89# a&%
"!un$%* 0 a $! #&!*% 4K RAM 8a#a8$,( H!+%%& "!$ !6 $9% 8a% 40
K ROM #a8% u668%n$ $! #&!*% $9% 6!ll!+n7 &!u$n%(
a( POST
b( IOS
8( a8 In$%&6a8%(
ROM '%8% L!78:
T9 anal, $9% MS !6 20 b$ a**&% an* 7%n%&a$% a##&!#&a$% 89# %l%8$
8!n$&!l 7nal( S! a $! %nabl% $9% &%a*n7 !6 !n% !6 $9% ROM 89# +989
8!n$an $9% l!8a$!n a**&%%* b$. %$9%& 13. 14 !& 1 a**&% b$ *%#%n*n7 !n
$9% ROM 89# $,#%(
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HAR'WARE LA
#. E=+a/9i-/ S0-89%
T9%&% a&% l!n7 $9n 8!nn%8$!& !n $9% "!$9%&b!a&* n%a& $9% ba8 *% !68!"#u$%& !n% 8an 8!nn%8$ a&!u %
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HAR'WARE LA
1 ( $ ISA>In*u$&, S$an*a&* A&89$%8$u&% ISA?
a? T9 bu al! &%6%&&%* a [CLASSICAT FS
b? A 9!+n n 67( $9%% b,$% !6 a*a#$!& 9a% a $!$al !6 2 8!n$a8$ a$ $9%
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HAR'WARE LA
03B SX / 03B 'X:
T9% 03B a 8!-#&!8%!& 89# 6!& $9% 03 #&!8%!&(
1( T9% 3B 8!-#&!8%!& aalabl% n #n 7&* a&&a, >PGA? 8a% a&% 9!+n
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HAR'WARE LA
&. Mem-,
I$ $9% #la8% +9%&% 8!"#u$%& $!&% #&!7&a" *a$a $9a$ 9%l# 8!"#u$%& $!
8a&&, !u$ $ !#%&a$!n( a8all,. $+! $,#% !6 "%"!&, a&%-
A?RAM
RAM &%a*/+&$% "%"!&, u%* b, $9% #&!8%!& $! ub-#&!7&a" *a$a.
n$%&"%*a$% &%ul$ *u&n7 #&!7&a" %'ual Inln% Pn? "%"!&, 89# +%&% u%* !n n$al M!$9%&b!a&*(
b( La$%& SIMM b%8a"% 8!""!n(
8( Cu&&%n$l, 'IMM a&% "!$ 8!""!n(
A) ROM
I$ QR%a* Onl, M%"!&,J *a$a 8an b% +&$$%n !n$! $ b, $9% "anu6a8$u&%& !nl,(
a( N!n-!la$l% n na$u&%(
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C!"#u$%& '%#a&$"%n$( SIT. L!naala
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HAR'WARE LA
8( M!$9%&b!a&* n!&"all, 8!n$an !n% !& "!&% !6 $9%% ROM 89#(
Su##!&$ 89#/89#%$:
1( A $,#8al ,$%" &%u&%* n$%&&u#$ 8!n$&!ll%&. 'MA 8!n$&!ll%&. $"%& 89#.
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89# !la&%* !n$! a "all %
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HAR'WARE LA
Fea87e9
1( T9% In$%l P&!8%!& P%n$u" 4 aalabl% &an7n7 6&!" 1(30 $! 2(GH@(
2( Su##!&$%* b, $9% In$%l 0 89#%$(
3( In$%&n%$ $&%a"n7 H' %
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HAR'WARE LA
T9% In$%l 4 89#%$ 8!"#l%"%n$ $9% 0 89#%$ b, !66%&n7 u##!&$ 6!& $9%
979 !lu"% 8!$ %66%8$% PCI 33 S'RAM "%"!&, 6!& P4 #&!8%!& ,$%"(
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$9%n. P4 !66%& %
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HAR'WARE LA
>X? 15 A"%&8an "%7a $&%n* In8( All &79$ &%%&%*(
'a$% >MM/''/;;;;? : M!n Au7 1 2002 a%"%n : 0K
T"% >99 / "" / ?: 1B:34:44 E
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HAR'WARE LA
T9% %$$n7 a&% *abl%*( N%$+!& !#$!n SCSI C'-ROM. I'E-0. I'E-1.
I'E-2 !& I'E-3(
T9% !#$8al 6al a6% *%6aul$ a&% I'E-0(
2n*!!$ '%8%:- T9 !#$!n %$ $9% $,#% !6 *%8% 6!& $9% 2n*b!! *&% $9a$ $9%
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b!!$. 6&!" an, !$9%& *&% n ,$%" 6 $ 8anJ$ 6n* a b!!$ *&% a"!n7 $9%
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l%n$(
'#la, M!*% A$ A**-On ROM NIT:-
S%$ $9% *#la, "!*% a$ a** !n ROM NIT %$$n7 a&% 6!&8% !& b%%# 8u&&%n$(
l!##, A88% CTRL:-
T9 !#$!n #%86% $9% &%a*/+&$% a88% $9a$ %$ +9%n b!!$n7 6&!" a 6l!##,
*&%( T9% %$$n7 &%a*/+&$% !& +&$% !nl,(
Ha&* ' A88% C!n$&!l:-
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C!"#u$%& '%#a&$"%n$( SIT. L!naala
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HAR'WARE LA
T9% %$$n7 a&% &%a*/+&$% !& &%a* !nl,( T9% !#$8al 6al a6% *%6aul$ %$$n7 a&%
&%a* +&$%(
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PS12 M!u% Su##!&$:-
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T9% %$$n7 a&% %nabl%* / *abl%*(
P&"a&, '#la,:-
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6al-a6% *%6aul$ %$$n7 a&% )GA/GA #a+!&* 89%8(
T9 !#$!n %nabl% #a+!&* 89%8 +9%n ,$%" b!!$ u# !& +9%n AMIIOS
%$ u# &un %$$n7 a&% %$u# a al+a,(
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4M !6 ,$%" "%"!&, !n $9% "!$9%&b!a&*(
T9% %$$n7 a&% %nabl%* !& *abl%*(
CPF S%&al N!(:-
S%$ $9 !#$!n $! %nabl% $! *#la, CPF %&al n!( $9%% %$$n7 a&% %nabl%* !&
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al+a, 8!#%* 6&!" IOS ROM $! ,$%" ROM 6!& 6a$%& %
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HAR'WARE LA
AMIIOS S%$u# A*an8%* CMOS S%$u#:-
f 155 A"%&8an M%$ $&%n* n8( all &79$ &%%&%*(
u8 !!$ Enabl%* Aalabl% O##(
1$b!!$ *&% l!##, 'abl%*
2n*b!!$ *&% I'EO Enabl%*
3&*b!!$ *&% C'-ROM
T&, an!$9%& b!!$ *&% ;%
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l!##, A88% C$&l R%a*/W&$%
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l!##, '&% S+a# 'abl%*
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PS/2 M!u% u##!&$ Enabl%*
P&"a&, '#la, )GA/EGA
Pa+!&* *#la, 89%8 S%$u# ESC: E
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HAR'WARE LA
)*%! O66 A6$%& : Su#%n* IR0 >''?: P&"a&,
M!*%" F% IR : 3 IRB >RS)?: S%8!n*a&,
POVE "!*% : 'abl% IR >RS)?: S%8!n*a&,
Su#%n* M!*% : 'abl%
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S!6$ O66 b, P)RTM : R%la, 4 %8 IR10 >RS)?: S%8!n*a&,
PWROM a6$%& N/W 6al : O66 IR11>RS)?: S%8!n*a&,
\\PM %%n$\\ IR14>H''?: 'abl%*
IR13>C!#&!?: P&"a&,
)GA: O66 : O66 IR1>RS)?: 'abl%*
LPT COM : LPT/COM ESC: u$ ed gh %l%8$ $%"
H'' '' : O 1: H%l# PF/P' /\/-
'MA / Ma$%& : O : Ol* alu% >96$?
RT ala&" &%u"% : L!a* IOS *%6aul$
B: L!a* %$u# *%6aul$
M!*%" &n7 &%u"%
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"ana7%"%n$ n$%&6a8%(?
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P!+%& On A6$%& PW al:- F% $! %$ a ,$%" #!+%& $a$% +9%n #!+%& &%$!&%
a6$%& u**%n AC #!+%& l!(
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*!+n !& a #!+%& an7 "!*%(
LPT COM: I6 %nabl%* !nl, a8$$, $9&!u79 $9% %&al !& #a&all%l #!&$ 8an
&%u"% $9% ,$%" 6!& S/W #!+%& *!+n !& a #!+%& an7 "!*%(
C!"#u$%& '%#a&$"%n$( SIT. L!naala
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HAR'WARE LA
HDD FDD: I6 $9 %nabl%* !nl, a8$$, !n $9% 9a&* * *%8% !& 6l!##,
* *&% &%u"%. $9% , 6&!" /+ 6&!" /+ #!+%& *!+n !& a #!+%& an7
"!*%(
DMA@MASTER: I6 %nabl%* !nl, a8$$, !n , 'MA 89ann%l 8an &%u"%
,$%" 6&!" a ,$%" #!+%& *!+n !& #!+%& an7 "!*%(
RTC ALARM RESUME: I6 %nabl%* ,!u 8an u% $9% !l% $%" $! %$ !n ala&"
$"% !n $9% , &%al $"% 8l!8(
T9% ala&" 8an >+!& $9%? +a% $9% ,$%" u# 6&!" $9% #!+%& an7 "!*% !&
S/W #!+%& *!+n(
MO'EM RING RESFM: I6 %nabl%* $9% ,$%" 8an b% &%u"%* 6&!" a #!+%&
"!*% !& a /+ #!+%& *!+n b, an n8!"n7 8all $! $9% 6a
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HAR'WARE LA
2? S$a$% $9% 8!"#!n%n$ 6!& M!$9%&b!a&*
3? S$a$% $9% $,#% !6 %
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HAR'WARE LA
a( P!lln7 "%$9!*
b( ISP "%$9!*
THEORY
In$&!*u8$!n:
T9% In$%l 01 an -b$ "8&!8!n$&!ll%& +989 "%an $9a$ "!$ aalabl% !#%&a$!n a&%
l"$%* $! b$( T9%&% a&% 3 ba8 @% !6 $9% 01: S9!&$. S$an*a&*. an* E
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HAR'WARE LA
PIN 5: PIN 5 $9% &%%$ #n +989 u%* &%%$ $9% "8&!8!n$&!ll%&J n$%&nal &%7$%&
an* #!&$ u#!n $a&$n7 u#(
PINS 1 15: T9% 01 9a a bul$-n !8lla$!& a"#l6%& 9%n8% +% n%%* $! !nl, 8!nn%8$
a 8&,$al a$ $9%% #n $! #&!*% 8l!8 #ul% $! $9% 8&8u$(
PIN 40 an* 20: Pn 40 an* 20 a&% )CC an* 7&!un* &%#%8$%l,( T9% 01 89# n%%*
) 00"A $! 6un8$!n #&!#%&l,. al$9!u79 $9%&% a&% l!+%& #!+%&%* %&!n l% $9%
A$"%l 201 +989 a 8al%* *!+n %&!n !6 $9% 01 +989 &un !n 3)(
PINS 25. 30 31: A *%8&b%* n $9% 6%a$u&% !6 $9% 01. $9 89# 8!n$an a bul$-n
6la9 "%"!&,( In !&*%& $! #&!7&a" $9 +% n%%* $! u##l, a !l$a7% !6 12) a$ #n 31( I6
%
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HAR'WARE LA
PORT P1 >Pn 1 $! ?: T9% #!&$ P1 a 7%n%&al #u!% n#u$/!u$#u$ #!&$ +989 8an b%
u%* 6!& a a&%$, !6 n$%&6a8n7 $a( T9% !$9%& #!&$ P0. P2 an* P3 9a% *ual &!l% !&
a**$!nal 6un8$!n a!8a$%* +$9 $9%" ba%* u#!n $9% 8!n$%Pn 10 $! 1B?: PORT P3 a8$ a a n!&"al IO #!&$. bu$ P!&$ P3 9a a**$!nal6un8$!n u89 a. %&al $&an"$ an* &%8%% #n. 2 %
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HAR'WARE LA
P&!7&a" S$a&$ A**&%
01 $a&$ %6&!" 0
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HAR'WARE LA
2? S$a$% $9% a**&%n7 "!*% !6 01
3? S$a$% $9% 6%a$u&% !6 01
4? W9a$ 6ull *u#l%< *a$a 8!""un8a$!n
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B? W9a$ SM0. SM1 an* SM2
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C!"#u$%& '%#a&$"%n$( SIT. L!naala
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HAR'WARE LA
ASSIGNMENT NO ##
TITLEW&$% an 01 ALP 6!& %&al #!&$ #&!7&a""n7 $! $&an6%& bl!8 !6 *a$a un7
a( P!lln7 "%$9!*
b( ISP "%$9!*THEORY
C!"#u$%& $&an6%& *a$a n $+! +a,:
Paa00e0
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6%+ 6%%$ a+a,(
Seia0T! $&an6%& $! a *%8% l!8a$%* "an, "%$%& a+a,. $9% %&al "%$9!* u%* T9% *a$a
%n$ !n% b$ a$ a $"%(
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CONCLUSION