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Page 1: HM K HCMCIIKHX KaK OXHOCMAMCB BOAbOEPT HHMM TO …volpert.reifman.ru/articles/Volpert_Vishgorod_2000_1.pdf · BOAbOEPT flyx B MpoHHHecKofi TOHaAbHOCTM B "EsreHHTi OHemHe" K). M. AoTMaH

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O A M H M3 o c H O B H B i x K i A i O H e w p o M a H a " . O A H a K O w p o H T i a B

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I j e A O C T H O C T H n p o H a B C A e H T i a . B p a G o n e M n o p a A K e n p w M e M

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Page 2: HM K HCMCIIKHX KaK OXHOCMAMCB BOAbOEPT HHMM TO …volpert.reifman.ru/articles/Volpert_Vishgorod_2000_1.pdf · BOAbOEPT flyx B MpoHHHecKofi TOHaAbHOCTM B "EsreHHTi OHemHe" K). M. AoTMaH

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A O B a T C A e i i n e n p w B A C K a A . M e j K A y T C M O H B e c b M a s n a H T i M :

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c a M o r o uzpoSozo, H O H c a M o r o upoHUHHOZO p O M a n a s n o x w ,

H p e s B b i H a i i H O 3 H a H M M a A A a H y i u K H H a H C x c H A a A a . C B O C O G -

p a 3 H o e H p o H H H e c K o e M H o r o r o A o c M e , C M e m e H n e n a p a s H M x

y p o B H a x r o A o c o B H e c K O A b K M x H O C H x e A C H u p o H M H c o 3 A a e x

H e n o B T o p H M y i o a x M o c ^ i e p y " O n a c H b i x C B a 3 e H " . M p o H M H -

H b i n o o x H o m e n j i i o K CBOMM j K e p x B a M G A H C x a x c A b H w e 3 A O -

A C M B a A b M O H M Mepxeii , u p o H i i H e H a B x o p , p a c i c p b i s a i o i i j i i M

H x c o 6 c x B e H H b i e C A a 6 o c T H H H C A a A b H O B H A H O c x b : O H M n o A a -

r a i o x , H x o p a 3 b i r p b i B a K ) x n o C B o e i i n p M x o x H m a x M a x n y i o

n a p x M K ) , K o x o p y i o A O B C A y x AO K O H i j a , a a B x o p B 4 > w H a A e p o -

M a n a H e o j K M A a n n o n e p e M e u i M B a e x n o CBOCM BOAC B C C 4>I-

r y p b i n a Aocice. O B c a H b i a B x o p c K O M M p o H M C M n M C b M a n a M B -

H b i x K o p p e c n o H A c n x o B , n o s B O A a i o u j M x 3 a B A e H b ce6a B M M p

o 6 M a H H M B b I X MAAI03MM, H O C A a H M a J K C p X B , n p M H K M a i O U J M X

A M E [ e M e p H b i e y a e p e H M a 3 a H M C x y i o M O H C x y , - B c e 3 x o B M C C -

T C K a K 6bi c o s A a e x OCOGMM M P O H M H H M M 4>OH n p o M S B C A e -

H M a .

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o c H O B y X O M c x M A C B O M x p a A M i j M M , K o x o p a a O K a 3 a A a c b 3 H a H M -

MOM M K O H C x p y K T M B H O M A A a c o 3 A a T e A a " E B r c H M a O n e r M -

H a " . n o 3 T O M y T O T ^ a K T , H T O n y m i c M H C K M M 3 n M r p a 4 ) B 3 a T

M 3 n p o 3 b i U I o A e p A O AC A a K A o , n p c A C T a B A a c T c a 3 H a M e H a T e -

A b H b i M M a a K O H O M c p H b i M . O x 3 n M r p a 4 ) a n e a p H M a a H M X b x a -

n e x c a H c n o c p e A C T B C H H O K n e p B O M crpo^c p o M a n a : M M C A M

O n e r M H a M c n o A n c H b i T a M H o r o n y B C T B a c o G c T B C H H o r o n p e -

B o c x o A C T B a , H O O H O , K a K n o a c n a e x sxmv^a^ ( T . C . M p o H M -

HCCKMM r o A o c a B x o p a ) , - B e p n e e B c e r o M H U M O C .

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A C A O B a T C A e M M H T c p e c o B a A M M p o H M H C C K M e A M T e p a T y p n b i e

p c M M H M C i j e H i j M M , n p o K A C B c c r o n e p B a a M n o c A C A H a a c x p o -

K M ( " M o H AaAa c a M b i x H C C T H M X n p a B M A " M " K o r A a J i c e

H c p T B o s b M C T T e 6 a ! " ) . H e p B a a - p c M M H M C i j e H i j M a HB 6 a c H M

K p b l A O B a " O C C A M M y j K M K " ( " O C C A 6 b I A C a M b l X H C C T H M X

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n p a B M A * ' ) . n o c A C A H i o i o , j i B H O m o K M p y r o i i j y K ) ( p y r a T C A b -

C T B a n e GBIATI n p w H J i T M B c e p t e s H M x > K a H p a x ) , K ) . M . A O T -

M a n y G e A M T C A b H O C B i i a a A c p e H C B O J i M a c K o i i u j e r o A a B c a -

T w p M H e c K o n A U T c p a T y p e . M n o m e (M. IT. A A C K c e e B , M. K ) .

A o T A i a n , A . M. B o A b n e p x ) o T M e n a A n c K O K e T H y r o p e M W H w c -

i j e H i j M K ) , C B a a a n n y i o c M O T H B O M " n a c A C A n n K a u A^Aw" B

C B p o n c M C K O M p o M a n e ( " M e A b M O T - C K M T a A e i j " , " O o 6 A a c " n

Ap.)- O p n r T m a A b H b i M a n a A M S n e p B o n C T p o ( j ) b i n p c A A O J K K A

E . r. B T K W H A B K H w r e " B n y r p e H H T i M H C A O B C K n B n e m n a a

p c H b " , p a c c M O T p C B B H y r p e n n T i u M O H O A o r r e p o a K a K M H O -

r o c A O M H y r o M b i c A b , c o A e p j K a r o u j y r o n e c K O A b K O CAOCB n c n -

x o A o r n M . O A n a K O , c n H T e p e c y r o u j e f i n a c T O H K M s p e n T i a , o n a

M s y n e n a n c A O C T a T O H H o : cneiin^uKU n p o n H H e c K O H T o n a A b -

n o c T M y n e n b i e i c a c a A M C b A M i u b B C K O A b S b ( n p u M e H a x e A b H O -

M. r. C o K O A a n c K T i p i B y K a s a H H o i i p a G o x e n B. A . K o m e A C B

B O A H O M M3 n o c A C A H H x M O H o r p a ^ M M 0 6 " E B r e H H H O n e r a -

H c " ee H e y n o M u n a r o T ) .

OepBaa C T p o 4 ) a G y K s a A b H O a a p a j K e n a w p o H T i e K . O n a

n p o a B A a e x c a n a B c e x y p o B H a x ; CTMAMCTHHCCKOM, c x p y K x y -

p w o 6 p a 3 0 B , K O M n o 3 M i j M n . B n e w A B a upoHUxa ( n o c H T e A a

M p o H H M ) . M M n p e A A a r a e M 3 T O T x e p M M H , n o c K O A b K y n a c n e

y c T p a w B a e x n c n o A b s y e M o e M. T. C O K O A H H C K M M oGosnane-n n e aupoH, TSLK K a K 3 T O T T e p M M H ynorpeGAaexca n p n o n n -

c a n u M A p e B n e r p e n e c K O H K O M C A H M B c y j K e n n o J v i a n a H e H n n

" m y x A M B o r o c a M o y n H H M J K e n n a " ( n p o x M B o n o c x a B A e n n o r o

6e3yAep>KHOMy c a M o x s a A t c x B y " 6 a A a r y p a " ) . MxaK, B c x p o -

4 ) e A B a upoHUKa: a B x o p n r e p o i i . A B X o p K a K U M - x o a a r a A O H -

H b i M o 6 p a 3 0 M c y M e A " n p o A c a x b " B c x p o 4 ) y ( B O B n y x p e n -

H T i f i M o n o A o r r e p o a ) u B M C K a a a x b n p o n n i e c K o e o x n o m e -

n n e K r e p o r o , n n x a x e A K ) M c a M O M y c e 6 e . Tepoii n p o n M a n p y -

e x H a A dxdeu, " n a H M x a H H M M " n n x a x e A e M u H E A CO6OM.

Onucaxb K O H K p e x H b i e M e x a H w a M b i w p o H M M - aaAana H e

Tia n p o c x b i x , n c K O x o p b i e o c o a n a r o x c a A a A e K O n e c p a a y . Me-

n e e C K p M x a a M p o H u a B n e p s o i i c x p o c f j e n p o a B A a e x c e 6 a n a

C T M A M C X M H e c K O M y p o B H e ( A e K C H K a , ( J ) p a a e o A o r n a , n e n p n -

B b i H H b i M B j K a n p e c e p b e a n o w H O S M M < J ) a M T i A b a p H M H x o n ) u

H a y p o B H e K O M n o a n i j M H ( m y x A W B a a 4 > a 6 y A b H a a M H B e p c n a ) .

B o A e e C K p b i x a a C B a a a n a c o G M r p b i B a n i i e M A H x e p a x y p H b i x

p e M M H H C i j e H i j M H . BpaA AM M O K H O c o r A a c M X b c a c K ) . M. A o T M a n o M , yGoKAennbiM, HXO H M x a x e A b n e n o M H M A c x p o -

K y " o c e A 6 b i A c a M M x H C C X H M X n p a s M A " . B a c H M K p M A O B a

B o c n p M H M M a A M C b K a K n o 3 T M H e c K M e n e p A M , 3 x a 6 a c H a -

" c B e j K a a " (1818) ; K x o M y >Ke o c x p o y M n o " n p M K A e M B " p a c -

X 0 5 K M M 4 > p a a e o A o r M a M " c a M M X n e c x H M X n p a B M A " K ocAy,

68

K p M A O B c A C A a A c x M x o c o 6 e H H o a a n o M M H a r o i i j M M c a . I l y m -

K M H , B C B O K ) O H e p C A b , n p M M e H M B B O a H M K U I M M A B O M H O M

H A a H K dxde, c x o A K H y A x o H K M a p e n n a a B x o p a , H M x a x c A a M

r e p o a . A p y r a a A M x e p a x y p n a a p e M M H M c r j e n i j M a c B a a a n a c

p o M a n o M M e x b K j p M n a " M e A b M o x - C K M x a A e i j " (1820) , n e p ­

B a a r A a B a K o x o p o r o i j e A M K O M n o c s a u j e n a r p y c x n b i M p a a -

M M i i i A e H M a M ronoro M e A b M o x a , n p M e x a B u i e r o B AepeanK) K

y M M p a r o i i j e M y G o r a x o M y AaAC, e A M n c x B e n n b i M n a c A e A H M -

K O M K O x o p o r o O H a B A a e x c a . B A M x e p a x y p e x e x B p e M e n dx-

dx - 4 > M r y p a n e c K O A B K O K O M M H e c K a a (AaAa T O 6 6 M y C x e p -

n a ; Aa M CepBanxec n e n p e M M n y A a a M e x M X b , HXO M C K p e n n e

r o p r o r o i i j a a n A C M a n n M i j a n o c A e K O H H M H M A o n - K n x o x a B c e

s[<e n e o x K a a a A a c b o x y a < M n a ) . O G M H H O c a M o o > K M A a H M e

n a c A e A C X B a n A e M a n H M K O M , x o x ^SLKT, HXO y "AaAw" n e x c e -

M b M , n p a M M x n a c A e A H M K O B , - y c M A M B a e x K O M M a M . 3 x o K a K

6 M x p a y p " n e c e p b e a H b i i i " , H B A H M M M O ^ C H O M n o m y x M X b . H

A a A e e B " E s r e n M M O n e r M n e " p e n b o C M e p x M AaA^ o K p a m e -

n a C A B a a a M e x n o M M p o H H e M ( " a a c x a A y a c n a c x o A e , K a K

A a n b , r o x o B y i o a e M A e " ) .

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A M U I B n p H n p M C x a A b H O M " B H M X b i B a H M M " o c o a n a r o x c a r A y -

6 M H H M e M e x a H M 3 M M : odManymoe HumameAbCKoe o^udauue

M o c o G b i M , O H e r M H C K M M "aSmoSuozpa^usM.". Tlpu n e p B O M

a n a K O M C X B e c o cxpo4 )OM H M x a x e A b M c n b i x b i B a A H C A o y M e -

H M e : a a r a A O H H o e a B x o p c K o e " H " G y K B a A b n o ouiapatuu6aAO.

B K p y n n b i x n o 3 T M H e c K M x : a < a H p a x XOM n o p b i ( o c o G e n n o - B

p o A i a n x M H C C K O M n o 3 M e ) A M p M H C C K o e "Si" - B c e r A a c e p b e a -

H o , a n a H M M O , M " M C K p e H n e " . ; ^ < a H p " p o M a n a B c x M x a x " , x o -

A b K O H X O M 3 o 6 p e x e n H b i M I l y m K M H M M , n a B C C x e n n e 6 b i A .

H n x a x c A b , B C x p e x u B i u M M a n a K O M o e "SI" ( B ^ o p M e n p w x a -

» < a x e A b H o r o M e c x o M M e n n a ) , n p e n c n o A n a A c a y B e p e n n o c x u ,

HXO p e H b M A e x 0 6 a B x o p e M ezo dxde. r i o c A e A H a a c x p o K a n o -

B e p r a A a B u a y M A e n n e . T C M 6 o A e e , HXO K a B b i H C K n e 6 b i A o , B

n y i u K u n c K o e B p e M a n p a M a a p e n b K a B b i H K a M n n e B M A C A a -

A a c b ( a a M e x T i M , K c x a x n , HXO n c e n n a c A i a A o K T O Aep> K M x n x

B n a M a x n ) . M A M i u b n p o H x a n a n a A O B x o p o n c x p o ( j ) M - " T a K

A y M a A M O A O A o n n o B e c a " - n n x a x c A b M o r n p n n x M B c e 6 a n

c o 6 A e r H e H n e M B a A o x n y x b . M a a e c x n o , HXO n a rore n p n a x e -

AM H a c x o a a c x a B a A M H y m K M n a , " . . . n o M n p a r o i i j e r o c o C M e x y

naA c x p o < J ) O T i C B o e r o p o M a n a " . Moa<^HO n p c A n o A o a c n x b , HXO

3 M o i j M n o a a A a n e n n o r o n n x a x c A a B e c e A H A n a B x o p a y a c e c

M O M C H x a c o a A a n u a n e p B O M c x p o < } ) b i .

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M a H M M C H H O C MOXMBOM " a a 6 o A e B m e r o AaA^". B a c n A M M

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A b B O B M H n y i U K H H - A H H H O C T b H O n y A a p H a H , M S B e C T H b l M H O ­

S T , M H o m e A M x e p a T o p b i G W A H C H H M n a K o p o x K e , AAa a p s a -

M a c i j e B YlyuiKUH - M M C H H O OH, a n e e r o l O H b i f i nACMaHHWR.

C A p y r o i i C T o p o H b i , BacMATiti AbBOBTiH n e M a A o S H a H W A B

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m e H H K ) K c6oeMy AaAe, a B x o p - K c6oeMy. K a K MSBCCTHO,

r i y m K M H O T K A n K H e T c a r o p e c T H O - m y x A T i B b i M n u c b M O M H a

C M c p T b AaAM ( n T i c b M O n . A. r i A e r a e B y O T 9 / I X 1830), n o c -

ACAOBaBmeM n o K a K o n - T O M H C T M H C C K O K A O F H K C H O H T H B

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B 1830 r. n e o c o s H a s a A CBasb C K p b i T b i x s n a K O B , n o n a M

B a J K H O , H T O B 1823-M M O T M B n O A y H M A 3aHHH.

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CAOJKHOCTH. E . F . B T K M H A BbiAeAMA B O B n y T p e H H C M peHM r e ­

p o a n a T b cAocB n c n x o A o r K H " c o c y u j e c T B y r o i i j n x H A p y r

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y n e n b i M OTMennA n o O T n o m e n u r o K " A a A e " - "yBa>KHTeAb-

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n A a c T b i . M p o H n a a B T o p a K a K 6b i n a c A a n B a e T c a n a n p o n u K )

r e p o a . H e T O A B K O O T n o m e H w e K AaAe, n o M j K a A o c T i . r e p o a

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c a M o o i j e H K e . ycHAHBaro i i jMe s n u T e T b i " H H S K O C " ( " B M C O -

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