hoggett’s end bishop’s stortford hertfordshire...1.0 executive summary ... records are held for...

Surveyors: Peter Oakenfull AIEEM Reg Chapman, Bat Worker, Licence No. 20111212 Date of Surveys: 26th May 2011 Report compiled by: Matt Perry BSc., Verity Roberts BA

EXTENDED PHASE 1 HABITAT SURVEY AND EUROPEAN PROTECTED

SPECIES REPORT

Hoggett’s End, Bishop’s Stortford, Hertfordshire

MAY 2011

Extended Phase 1 and Protected Species Survey, Hoggett’s End, Bishop’s Stortford

Contents 1.0 Executive Summary ......................................................................

2

2.0 Introduction .................................................................................

3

3.0 Site Description ............................................................................

4

4.0 Protected Species Legislation ......................................................

6

5.0 Desk Study ....................................................................................

10

6.0 Phase 1 Survey Methodology .......................................................

11

7.0 Survey Results and Discussion .....................................................

12

8.0 Recommendations ........................................................................

18

Appendix A. Data Search Results HBRC Covering Letter Species and Site Records Species and Site Maps Appendix B. Phase 1 Habitat Survey Map Target Notes Appendix C. Bat Transect and Badger Activity Map Amphibian and Reptile Survey Map Species Composition Appendix D. References

Extended Phase 1 Survey and European Protected Species Report, Hoggett’s End 2

Maydencroft Land Advisory 2011

1.0 Executive Summary Maydencroft Land Advisory was commissioned by Stuart Brown of Grange Builders LLP to carry out a Phase 1 Habitat Survey of the land at Hoggett’s End, Bishop’s Stortford, Hertfordshire. The site of Hoggett’s End lies within the urban fringe on the northern edge of Bishop's Stortford at central grid reference TL 486 225. The dwelling at Hoggett’s End separates the two meadows and was not included in the ecological survey area. The survey found that although the site is small it does support a reasonably diverse range of species. This was reflected in the results of the data search for wildlife site and species records. Whilst no records were found within or bordering the site, records are held for Badgers, bats, Slow Worm and Water Vole within 500m or more of the site. There are also three wildlife sites within 600m of the site, two of which (34/018 and 34/016) are meadows containing grassland indicator species. The full data search can be found in Appendix A. At some point in the history of the land, the flora in the meadows at Hoggett’s End would have had a greater diversity of species and remnants of this species-rich grassland still survive within small areas of the meadows today. Grazing by horses has left the meadows rank in some areas and dominated by species that thrive on soil enrichment, particularly in the East Meadow. The structure of the grassland is an important terrestrial habitat that supports a small population of Slow-Worms. The pond, veteran trees, mature hedgerows, hedge bank and ditch with scrubby margins makes the site important for wildlife. The pond would benefit from the removal of the scrub although care should be taken when removing any dead wood on the ground as amphibians may be present. Three species of bat were recorded and the surveys indicate that the garden of the property is important for foraging (feeding) bats. There is a possibility that bats may be present in the large veteran Oak trees and this must be considered in any possible future development. Further bat surveys will be required before any tree management work is carried out, particularly on any of the veteran trees.

Slow-Worms and Grass Snake were recorded on the site. Further surveys would be required to establish the size of the population before any future planning application is submitted. A receptor site would need to be found locally for these species as part of any mitigation strategy if it is considered that not enough suitable habitat would remain within the development area.

The site is used by common breeding bird species. Advice should be sought if any hedgerow or tree management has to be carried out during the breeding season (between 1st March and 31st August). Great Crested Newts were not recorded on the site. Future development proposals: Additional species survey work should be conducted before any future development proposals (planning applications) are submitted to the Local Planning Authority (LPA).



2.0 Introduction Maydencroft Land Advisory has been commissioned by Stuart Brown of Grange Builders LLP to carry out an Extended Phase 1 Habitat Survey of the land at Hoggett’s End, Bishop’s Stortford, Hertfordshire. The purpose of the survey was to:

Establish whether the site contains any habitat that might support European Protected Species or any other species protected under UK legislation.

Assess the potential impact of any proposed development on protected species in the vicinity of the site.

Recommend any further surveys that will be required for any development work on the site to proceed lawfully.

The Phase 1 Habitat Survey was conducted on 1st May 2011 by Maydencroft Ecologist Peter Oakenfull AIEEM and Reg Chapman licensed Bat Worker respectively. The grid reference for the site is TL 486 225.

Close mown lawns of the central property at Hoggett’s End



3.0 Site Description The survey area of Hoggett’s End is comprised of two distinct areas of meadow separated by a central property which was not included as part of the survey. In recent years, both areas of grassland have been used for grazing horses. A site map can be seen below, with a more detailed Phase 1 Habitat Map in Appendix B.

3.1 West Meadow The smaller meadow (West Meadow pictured below left) to the west of the drive has been mown, probably at the end of 2010. The boundaries of this area are formed by an overgrown hedgerow comprised of native and ornamental species with a dense Bramble margin along the majority of its length. There are some mature trees in the south-western corner which continue along Dane O’Coys Road forming the southern boundary. The remaining boundaries are post and wire fencing. The grassland was rank in places, with a limited assemblage of plant species that are typically associated with horse grazing.

West Meadow East Meadow

Dane O’Coys Road Whitehall Lane

Hoggett’s End house

West meadow

East meadow

N

Pond



3.2 East Meadow The larger East Meadow has hedgerows around most of its boundaries, with post and wire along the driveway to the house to the west (pictured on the previous page). The eastern boundary of the west meadow is formed of a single-species hedgerow. The southern boundary, bordering Dane O’Coys Road and Whitehall Lane, consists of an overgrown mixed-species hedgerow with mature trees that has been planted on a bank. A dry ditch runs in parallel between the bank and the roads. There is also a ditch and bank on the other side of Dane O’Coys Road. The meadow was rank in places with large areas dominated by nettle. However, there were small areas within the meadow that still support a reasonably rich flora. The aspect of the site falls gently to the east and water draining from the site appears to lie on or near the surface in places, causing some of the grassland species to form small tussocks.

There were three very mature Oaks and one Ash tree that are of considerable age. The form of the two Oak trees in the centre of the meadow indicates that they have been pollarded at some point in their life. They were in good condition and appeared to be reasonably healthy. The other tree is a maiden Oak growing adjacent to the hedgerow on the eastern boundary. The large mature Ash tree beside the two central Oaks was suffering from fungal attack with many cracks and crevices within the framework of the tree. Small areas of Bramble have developed at the northern end of the meadow along the boundaries with adjacent properties and also around a small pond to the south. A very small amount of water was present in the pond in mid April, and it was completely dry by the 1st May. The pond was surrounded by trees and shrubs that would completely shade the pond when in leaf.



4.0 Protected Species Legislation 4.1 Protected Species and the Law This section aims to give a brief overview of conservation law and policy that may be of relevance to the site, and how this applies to the planning process. Although we believe our interpretation to be accurate we recommend that advice from a legal professional is sought in the case of a dispute. 4.1.1 Amphibians Great Crested Newts Triturus cristatus are protected under European and National law as a European Protected Species (EPS). Under Part 3 of The Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2010, it is an offence to kill, injure, capture or disturb any European Protected Species, or to obstruct access to areas where they live and breed. For Great Crested Newts, this applies to eggs, tadpoles, juveniles and adults. Furthermore, they are protected under the Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981 (as amended), making it an offence to cause reckless damage, destruction or disturbance to Great Crested Newts or their habitat. Common amphibians - Common Frog Rana temporaria, Common Toad Bufo bufo, Palmate Newt Triturus helveticus and Smooth Newt Triturus vulgaris - have no legal protection other than that provided by subsection 9.5 of the Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981 (as amended) which makes it an offence to sell such species. 4.1.2 Bats All species of bats are European Protected Species (EPS) and are frequently found roosting in trees and other structures such as the roof space of buildings. Amongst other legislation, all bats are protected species by virtue of their listing in:

Schedule 5, Section 9, of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended) and;

The Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2010 (the ‘Regulations’). Under Section 41 of the ‘Regulations’ it is a criminal offence to:

Deliberately kill or capture any bat;

Deliberately disturb any bat;

Damage or destroy a breeding site or resting place of any bat.

These legislation give protection to the bats themselves, to their breeding places and resting places (i.e. roosts), whether or not bats are present. 4.1.3 Badgers Badgers Meles meles are protected by their own Act - The Protection of Badgers Act 1992. Under this legislation, it is an offence to damage or disturb a Badger sett. Badgers are also protected from baiting, deliberate harm or injury. Furthermore, they are also listed in Schedule 6 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended), which protects them from being killed or taken by certain methods. This means that Natural England (formerly English Nature) must be consulted and their agreement sought before any action is taken which, under normal circumstances, would be subject to a licence. The Protection of Badgers Act 1992 also contains the following restrictions, which developers should be mindful of:

It is a criminal offence:



To wilfully kill, injure, take, possess or cruelly ill-treat a Badger;

To attempt to do so; or

To intentionally or recklessly interfere with a sett.

Sett interference includes:

Damaging or destroying a sett.

Obstructing access to a sett.

Disturbing a Badger while it is present in a sett. Development licences are granted by Natural England when appropriate information (such as status, location and use of any setts that will be affected by the works) is provided together with proposed mitigation measures. Mitigation measures are numerous and can include habitat enhancement for Badgers as part of the landscaping proposals, such as the use of Badger corridors and fencing. 4.1.4 Reptiles There are six species of reptile native to the UK: Grass Snake Natrix natrix, Adder Vipera berus, Smooth Snake Coronella austriaca Common Lizard Lacerta vivipara, Sand Lizard Lacerta agilis and Slow-Worm Anguis fragilis.

The Sand Lizard and Smooth Snake have a restricted distribution in Britain and are not found in Hertfordshire. They have a higher level of protection as European Protected Species.

The other native species of reptile are generally common and widespread throughout the UK in suitable habitat, and all are protected under Schedule 5 of The Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended). Under this legislation it is an offence to:

Sell, offer or expose for sale or have in possession or transport for the purpose of sale any live or dead native reptile;

Intentionally kill or injure any native reptile. Reptiles are likely to be killed or injured by activities such as:

Clearing land, installing site offices or digging foundations;

Cutting vegetation to ground level;

Laying pipelines or installing other services;

Driving machinery over sensitive areas;

Removing rubble, wood piles and other debris. (List taken in part from the document Reptiles: Guidelines for Developers, English Nature 2004)

4.1.5 Wild Birds All British wild birds, their nests and eggs are protected under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended). The Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000 strengthens protection against reckless disturbance to breeding birds. 4.1.6 Species of Principal Importance Species of Principal Importance are listed under section 41 of the Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006. This legislation puts a legal duty on local authorities to conserve, restore or enhance a population or habitat supporting the listed species. Species listed under section 41 that are



relevant to this report are Hedgehog Erinaceous europaeus, Polecat Mustela putorius, Harvest Mouse Micromys minutus and Common Toad Bufo bufo. 4.2 Protected Species and the Planning System Under the Natural Environment and Rural Communities (NERC) Act 2006, and under part III of the Government Circular 06/2005, local authorities have a legal duty to consider protected species and their habitats when considering planning applications. Section 40.1 states:

‘Every public authority must, in exercising its functions, have regard, so far as is consistent with the proper exercise of those functions, to the purpose of conserving biodiversity. [....] 40.3 Conserving biodiversity includes, in relation to a living organism or type of habitat, restoring or enhancing a population or habitat.’

Under Planning Policy Statement 9 (PPS9) 2005, local authorities have a biodiversity duty to uphold. Section 1.ii states:

‘Plan policies and planning decisions should aim to maintain, and enhance, restore or add to biodiversity and geological conservation interests. In taking decisions, local planning authorities should ensure that appropriate weight is attached to designated sites of international, national and local importance; protected species; and to biodiversity and geological interests within the wider environment.’

Section 16 goes on to state:

‘Local authorities should take measures to protect the habitats of these species from further decline through policies in local development documents. Planning authorities should ensure that these species are protected from the adverse effects of development, where appropriate, by using planning conditions or obligations. Planning authorities should refuse permission where harm to the species or their habitats would result unless the need for, and benefits of, the development clearly outweigh that harm.’

If any protected species are found to be present on a development site, the applicant must demonstrate that all reasonable steps have been taken to minimise any impact on the local population and that any remaining damage will be adequately compensated for by appropriate mitigation measures. Licences can be granted to permit otherwise unlawful activities and Natural England, the statutory organisation for nature conservation, can issue licences for educational, scientific or conservation purposes. DEFRA are able to issue licences in connection with public health, preventing damage to property and for reasons of overriding public interest such as development. More information on licences can be sought from these two public bodies. 4.2.1 Local Planning Authorities (LPA) and the three tests All planning authorities have a statutory duty to take account of the presence of protected species when determining planning applications, as they are a material consideration in the decision process. Therefore, when LPAs consider planning applications that could have an impact on protected species, they must ensure that sufficient information is provided with the application to enable an informed decision to be made.

Where European Protected Species (EPS) are proven to be present on a development site, the LPA must carry out their statutory duty and consider the protection of that species and its habitat. In order to do this, they must have sufficient information in the form of written habitat and species reports.



The LPA will consider whether an offence is likely to be committed during the development. If the answer to this is yes, then they must consider the three derogation tests, as set out in the Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2010. The three tests are:

1. The NEED test: Is the development needed for public health or public safety, or other imperative reasons of overriding public interest?

2. The SATISFACTORY ALTERNATIVE test: Is there a satisfactory alternative for the development?

3. The ECOLOGICAL test: Will the population of the European Protected Species be maintained at a favourable status in its natural range?

The applicant must address these questions and submit a written statement to the LPA giving comprehensive answers to the three tests. Unless this is done, the LPA will not be able to determine the planning application and are unlikely to approve it.



5.0 Desk Study The results of a data search for recorded sightings of legally protected and Biodiversity Action Plan species, together with information on nearby wildlife sites of local, regional and national importance can be found in Appendix B. This is accompanied by maps illustrating the distribution of protected species and wildlife sites, and their proximity to the proposed development site. The data search was carried out by Hertfordshire Biological Record Centre and covers records within 2km of the grid reference TL 486 225 for the site at Hoggett’s End. The desk study concluded that the site has no conservation status and no protected species records have been found within the site.



6.0 Phase 1 Survey Methodology 6.1 Introduction to Phase 1 Surveys A Phase 1 Habitat Survey was undertaken to establish the potential of the habitats on site to support European Protected Species (EPS) and species of Principal Importance. The survey provided a better insight into the site’s nature conservation value and its importance locally. The results were used to determine the need for further surveys, to establish the presence or absence of these species and any necessary mitigation measures required to fully protect such species during any development works. A Phase 1 Habitat Survey map can be found in Appendix B. 6.2 Phase 1 Methodology The Phase 1 Habitat Survey was conducted following the standard methodology for classifying and mapping most British habitats (JNCC 1993, modified by IEA 1995). It notes the presence, or potential presence, of protected species by carrying out an assessment of the habitats that could support them and by recording any signs of such species. The aim is to provide a record of habitats that are likely to be ecologically important. Important habitats are those listed in the UK or local Biodiversity Action Plan, and are referred to in Planning Policy Statement 9 (PPS9) Biodiversity & Geological Conservation as ‘Habitats of Principal Importance’. Target Notes were used to record habitats, species and features considered to be of special interest or likely to require additional surveys beyond that of a Phase 1. Habitats of particular note include those that connect with each other, such as hedgerows, woodland, river corridors and grasslands. These are of high value because they allow species to move through the landscape and are very important for the dispersal of species. Isolated habitats, particularly in the urban environment, are usually ecologically poorer than those with higher levels of connectivity to open countryside. The Target Notes for the site at Hoggett’s End can be found in Appendix B and should be read in conjunction with the Phase 1 Habitat Survey map. 6.3 Survey Constraints April and May is an optimal time of year to conduct Phase 1 Surveys. As such, there are no survey constraints at this time of year.



7.0 Survey Results and Discussion The results of the survey are highlighted through the Target Notes in Appendix B and follow standard survey methodology for Phase 1 Surveys. The Target Notes include all the important habitats and structures within the footprint of the survey area that could potentially support protected species, species of principal importance and European Protected Species (EPS). A Phase 1 Habitat Survey Map can be found in Appendix B along with a Biodiversity checklist. 7.1 Value of the Site in a Wider Context The ecological value of the site has been highlighted as being important for:

hedgerows

veteran trees

bats; potential roost sites in veteran trees, foraging habitat

reptiles; Slow-Worm, Grass Snake

common breeding birds 7.2 Habitats 7.2.1 Hedgerows The hedgerows around Hoggett’s End are of considerable age and diversity, and are subsequently very important to the overall wildlife diversity of the site. Species-rich hedgerows are of high ecological value for wildlife. They provide a place of shelter, cover for breeding, a source of food and facilitate the movement of species through the countryside. The associated margins of the hedgerow are equally important and should be considered within any proposed management. The hedgerow along the western boundary of the West Meadow (pictured above) has a mix of native species inter-planted with ornamental shrub and conifer species, which should be removed and replaced with native species.

The hedgerow along the southern boundary of the East Meadow is the oldest on the site (pictured left). Hedgerows can be dated by assessing the number of species found within a 30 metre length. Here, the species found suggest an age of several hundreds of years. The bank and ditch on which the hedgerow is growing could also indicate considerable age as they are common features of Medieval boundaries. However, this can only be an assumption without further investigation. It is recommended that any gaps in the existing

hedgerows or any new hedges should be planted with native species. Any works, such as hedge-removal, coppicing, laying or heavy pruning should only be carried out during the winter months; November-February inclusively. This is outside the bird breeding season, which runs from 1st March to the end of



August. For any unavoidable work, advice should be sought from a suitably qualified ecologist prior to the work commencing. 7.2.2 Trees The tree survey of February 2011 carried out by Elizabeth Greenwood for Hoggett’s End gave a comprehensive report on the trees in the site. Many of the trees within the hedgerows are self-set and have matured with the other hedgerow species. Veteran trees are of considerable value for wildlife. A mature Oak is thought to support around 300 species, including fungi, mammals and invertebrates. Bats require particular consideration when surveying old trees as certain species use them as summer roosts. The possibility of bats being present during the winter must also be considered. Bats use roosts for various purposes at different times of the year. In winter they need cool, frost-free, humid places to hibernate, which must also afford protection against predation. In summer, females require maternity roosts to bear and nurture their single offspring. In late summer and autumn, the females move to mating roosts that have been established by the males. Both the adults and young use intermediate (dispersal) roosts before moving to hibernation sites. Bats also use buildings and trees to rest in while consuming prey (known as a feeding perch) and as areas to roost during the night in between the main feeding periods of dusk and dawn. The health and safety of veteran trees is a major consideration as their structure is often made up of dead wood with splits, holes, lifted bark and hollow trunks. Therefore, a balance must be found when considering maintenance between their habitat value and their potential to cause injury.

The bat surveys carried out for this report have considered the spatial use of the site by bat species and have concluded that specific trees may need individual emergence surveys prior any management. Veteran Oak in East Meadow

7.2.3 Grassland In recent years horse grazing has enriched the soils in the two meadows, changing the structure of the grassland found here. The East Meadow retains a more diverse flora and small areas of species-rich grassland can still be seen. Meadows with a diverse flora are important for wildlife, particularly invertebrates. If they are intensively grazed, as is generally the case with horses, plant species-diversity is reduced and invasive species such as thistle and nettle become dominant. The rank grassland of both meadows will be important for vertebrate species such as small mammals. Although Tawny Owl and Kestrel were not seen on site, their pellets were found under the large conifers on the boundary with the drive. Grassland is an important terrestrial habitat for reptile species where it is associated with south-facing bramble or scrub. Reptiles disperse through it after emerging from winter hibernation in search of



food. The grassland survey for reptiles proved positive for Slow-Worms and Grass Snake on the south-facing areas adjacent to the areas of bramble. Rank grassland is also important for amphibians as terrestrial habitat. After leaving their natal pond they spend several years reaching maturity in hedgerow bases and grassland. Surveys for amphibians are generally carried out using carpet tiles placed within the grassland habitat adjacent to ponds.

7.2.4 Pond The small pond (pictured right) found to the south of the East Meadow could be described as seasonal. These ponds are generally known as dew ponds and would have provided water for livestock in the past. There was a small amount of water present when the first survey sheets were placed in the meadow in mid-March, but by 1st May it was dry. The pond could be used by Common Frogs for spawning, particularly in mild winters.

The pond at Hoggett’s End was assessed for Great Crested Newt, but without the retention of water it was considered unsuitable for this species as a breeding pond. Other factors that would limit its suitability for this species is the deep shade cast over the pond by the surrounding trees and shrubs. 7.2.5 Scrub The areas of scrub at Hoggett’s End were predominantly small areas of Bramble and limited to the margins of the hedgerows. Large areas of scrub are important for many species, particularly breeding birds. However, smaller areas should also be considered of importance. The margins of south-facing scrub and Bramble are generally considered to be ideal for reptiles. 7.2.6 Ditch and Bank The ditch and bank along the southern boundary were considered to be old features of the site. They are usually found around ancient woodlands and were constructed to define boundaries and can retain woodland species that are shade-tolerant. Although the ditch was dry throughout the survey period, it is possible that it could hold water in the lower levels of the site on the east boundary during winter months. 7.3 Habitat Suitability for Protected Vertebrates 7.3.1 Amphibians There is a small pond within the survey area that appears to hold water for limited periods of the year. As it does not consistently hold water, the pond was considered to be unsuitable as a breeding pond for amphibians. However, it is surrounded by grassland that would be suitable terrestrial habitat and it may be that amphibians cross this habitat to reach other wetlands in the area. For this reason, carpet tiles were placed throughout the grassland during the reptile survey to rule out the presence of amphibians such as Great Crested Newt.



Surveys were carried out within the grassland terrestrial habitat and 30 carpet tiles were placed in a grid system 10 days prior to the first check so that they developed favourable conditions; e.g. suitable humidity and temperature gradient to attract amphibians. They were then checked on each of the five visits between 1st May and 17th May 2011. A map detailing the layout of the carpet tiles can be found in Appendix C. One adult Common Toad was recorded on one occasion during the survey visits. No other species of amphibians were recorded and no further surveys are recommended. 7.3.2 Bats Bats are known to roost within buildings and old trees. They use woodland clearings, margins and hedgerows to forage for food. Although there were no buildings within the survey area, there are several properties adjacent to the site that may potentially have roosting bats.

Following an initial site assessment, two recorders carried out transect surveys of the site on 6th May and 17th May in suitable weather conditions. Each surveyor followed a pre-planned route across the site and recorded all bat activity and its location using Batbox Duet Heterodyne and frequency bat detectors connected to a recording unit. The protocol for each of the surveys followed the guidelines and methodology published by the Bat Conservation Trust. The use of two way radios allowed the two surveyors to time the bat activity. Three bat species were recorded during the two surveys:

Pipistrelle 45 kHz

Pipistrelle 55 kHz

Noctule

The routes of the bat transects, which were walked simultaneously on both days, can be seen on the map included Appendix C. The majority of bat activity was recorded around the margins of the meadows, along the hedgerow boundaries and around the veteran trees in the centre of the East Meadow. The weather conditions were warmer on the second of the surveys and a greater amount of bat activity was recorded. The first Pipistrelle contacts on each of the surveys were in the West Meadow. However, the East Meadow had more bat activity recorded within it throughout both surveys. The records of the time, position and activity of the Pipistrelle bats indicates the possibility of one or possibly two roosts for this species close to the site. A single Noctule Bat was seen and recorded on the 6th May flying low along the driveway of the central property at 21.30 hrs which stayed for approximately one minute before moving away from the site. A weak contact was also recorded for this species on the 17th May. The wooded margins of the meadows and the property between them are clearly important for feeding bats. Managed gardens are not generally considered important wildlife habitats due to their intense management. However, the mature shrubs and trees found at Hoggett’s End replicate beneficial habitats found in the wider countryside and the survey results clearly illustrate this added diversity is of benefit to feeding bats.



Thought should be given to the layout of structures and the retention of mature trees in any development. As a result, it is recommended that the veteran trees within the site should be individually surveyed if there are any proposals to carry out management work to them. 7.3.3 Badgers Badgers are nocturnal and so any evidence of their presence during the day can be seen by way of field signs such as setts, runs, latrines and signs of territory marking and foraging. Badgers live in both urban residential areas and open countryside, and can travel up to 3 kilometres during a night to forage for food. It is reasonable to assume that they might use the land at Hoggett’s End.

No evidence of a Badger’s sett was found on site. However, areas of foraging were recorded in the hedgerow on the southern side of the East Meadow. Two runs were also found leading over the ditch and bank from the adjoining property on the south side of Dane O’Coys Road (as marked on the Bat transect map in Appendix C). There was possible evidence that badgers had dug a hole into a mound outside the survey area in the garden to the rear of the central property. The owner did not think it was Badger and was not responsive to our interest. Badgers are omnivores and they will eat a range of different foods that include fruit, cereals and meat, but their principal food is earth worms which they will readily dig to find. During periods of very dry weather the ground becomes hard and access to earth worms is restricted and so they will seek other food. One source of protein are the grubs of wasps and bees from underground nests which Badgers dig out. A bumble bee nest was found on the top of the bank near the badger runs; it had recently been dug out by badgers and the nest removed. 7.3.4 Reptiles Reptiles can be found in suitable habitat between March and October, with April, May and September being the optimum periods. Such habitat is usually south-facing sunny banks, log piles and open areas on the edge of bramble and scrub where they can bask. March is an ideal time to find sloughed (shed) reptile skins after they have emerged from hibernation, when they move through terrestrial habitats to forage for food. They then move back to suitable south-facing areas for hibernation during the winter period. Several south-facing areas of bramble are present on the site and are linked to suitable grassland terrestrial habitat. A total of 30 bitumen roof sheets were placed in a grid pattern across the site following the accepted methodology of the Herpetofauna Groups of Britain and Ireland (HGBI), 1998. A map detailing the layout of the bitumen sheets can be seen in Appendix C. The highest count for Slow-Worms on one of the five presence or absence survey visits was two adults. However, photographs taken during the surveys have confirmed that five individuals were seen. All records were from the northern side of the East Meadow near to a small Bramble area on the boundary. The numbers of Slow-Worms found indicate a low population on the site. However, further surveys would be required to establish the size of the population for any future planning application so that mitigation can be proposed.



One other reptile was recorded during the survey; an adult female Grass Snake was found in the north-west corner of East Meadow by the house at Hoggett’s End. Conversations with the owner of the property in the middle of the survey area confirmed that Grass Snakes have bred within the compost heaps behind the house on several occasions. 7.3.5 Breeding Birds The veteran trees, hedgerows and scrub within the site are all very important for breeding and feeding birds. As a result, any habitat removal should be done outside the breeding season which runs between 1st March and 31st August. Advice should be sought from an experienced ecologist if any work to these habitats is planned or cannot be avoided during this period. 7.3.6 Hedgehog The Hedgehog is a species of Principal Importance that has suffered a major decline in numbers. It is associated with a variety of habitats and the position of this site on the urban fringe, adjacent to open country, makes it suitable for this species. Hedgehogs forage through most habitats and are still recorded in many areas locally. Field signs are limited; faeces are the most common sign although it takes experience to identify correctly. No field signs were found. 7.3.7 Polecat Polecat is a species of Principal Importance. Several releases during the 1980s and 1990s in Hertfordshire have seen this species expanding its range rapidly, particularly along the rail networks. Due to the position of the site, adjacent to open countryside and close in proximity to the rail network, the presence of this species has been considered as part of this Phase 1. Indicators of Polecat presence generally include faeces, track marks, signs of territory marking and feeding remains. They use linear features such as long hedgerows and ditches to move through the landscape.

No field signs were found during the surveys and although they may be present in the area, development work is unlikely to affect this species, so no further surveys are recommended. 7.3.8 Harvest Mouse The Harvest Mouse is under recorded in Hertfordshire. It is a species of Principal Importance and is generally found in early successional grassland habitat associated with arable and wetland areas. Suitable habitat was surveyed for their nests, but none were found. No further surveys are recommended. 7.3.9 Other Species Recorded Other species recorded within the survey area are listed in Appendix C. They are generally widespread and not subject to any enhanced statutory protection.



8.0 Recommendations 8.1 Bat Survey Further bat surveys will be required before any tree management work is carried out, particularly on any of the veteran trees. 8.2 Breeding Birds Advice should be sought if any hedgerow or tree management has to be carried out during the breeding season between 1st March and 31st August. 8.3 Hedgehog A destructive search should be carried out of any dense vegetation or garden structures that may provide cover for hibernating Hedgehogs. 8.4 Slow-Worms Additional surveys to ascertain the size of the Slow-Worm population will be required and mitigation proposed before any planning application is submitted. It should be expected that a receptor site would need to be found locally as part of any mitigation strategy if it is considered that not enough suitable habitat would remain within the site following development. 8.5 Pond The pond does not retain water throughout the year. However, it would benefit from the removal of the scrub although care should be taken when removing any dead wood on the ground as amphibians may be present. 8.6 Future development proposals Additional species survey work should be conducted before any future development proposals (planning applications) are submitted to the Local Planning Authority (LPA).

An LPA may not register a planning application if adequate information on protected species has not been provided, as the Authority will be unable to meet its statutory duties under Planning Policy Statement (PPS) 9 and the Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2010 if a European Protected Species is at risk.



Disclaimer Every effort has been made to ensure that the content of this report accurately identifies and considers the potential ecological constraints to development, its overall ecological value, and the possibility of the presence or absence of all Protected Species and the need for further surveys or ecological works. External factors such as weather conditions, time of day, seasons, disturbance by others, can all affect the use of the site by such species, and this report should therefore not be viewed as definitive. Unless specifically requested by the commissioning party, any species recorded during the survey will be shared with the local biological records centre in the interest of conservation. The report has been prepared for the exclusive use of the commissioning party only, unless agreed in writing by the author. No other party may use, make use of, or rely on the contents of this report. Maydencroft Rural Limited accepts no duty or responsibility, including negligence, to any other party and disclaims all liability of any nature whatsoever to any such party in respect to this report. Copyright The copyright of this report, its text, images and intellectual content remain the sole ownership of Maydencroft Rural Limited. The report should be used for its original agreed use only and it is specifically prohibited to transmit the report to any third party, by paper or any electronic means, unless agreed to in writing by Maydencroft Rural Limited. 26th May 2011

HERTFORDSHIRE BIOLOGICAL RECORDS CENTRE

c/o Environment, County Hall, Hertford, Herts SG13 8DN

Telephone: 01992 555220

Email: [email protected]

Your Ref:

Purchase Order:

Our Ref: enq/c_mar2011.ajp

Dear Matt

Data search - TL490225; Bishop's Stortford

Thank you for contacting the Hertfordshire Biological Records Centre regarding the above. An initial

search of the database has highlighted 9 sites and 60 species records of interest within your search

area.

There are also 7 veteran and/or mature trees.

As your search area covers an adjacent County, I recommend you contact the Essex Wildlife Trust,

who currently hold biological records in the absence of an LRC in that county.

Currently, we cannot supply Statutory site or Ancient Woodland Inventory boundaries due to licensing issues – please contact Natural England / Magic website for this dataset.

I can provide an excel spreadsheet listing any sites with these designations.

I estimate that it will take 1 hour to collate this information and supply site descriptions (Word), brief

species records(excel) and 2 GIS location maps (jpegs). We charge £60.00 + VAT per hour and this

search will cost £60 + VAT.

Please let me know if you want me to go ahead with this request.

If you haven't already done so, can you please provide a purchase order number and invoice

address when replying.

I will aim to get the information to you within 1-2 weeks of receiving your confirmation to go ahead.

We are restricted in the details of bat and badger records that we can supply (under our data

exchange agreements with these groups) - 4 figure grid references and no record type (e.g. roost,

flight) and you may wish to contact the local groups directly.

You may also wish to contact the specialists and Herts Natural History Society Recorders for further

records. See attached and www.hnhs.org/contactus.php

For information, we will be increasing our charge rate from £60 to £75 per hour some time soon.

Best regards,

Anita Parry MIEEM

Hertfordshire Biological Records Centre

****Disclaimer****

The information in this message should be regarded as confidential and is intended for the addressee only unless explicitly stated. If you have received this message in error it must be deleted and the sender notified. The views expressed in this

message are personal and not necessarily those of Hertfordshire County Council unless explicitly stated. Please be aware that emails sent to or received from Hertfordshire County Council may be intercepted and read by the council. Interception will only occur to ensure compliance with council policies or procedures or regulatory obligations, to prevent or deter crime, or for the

purposes of essential maintenance or support of the email system.

Appendix A. Data Search Covering Letter

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.hnhs.org/contactus.php

Appendix A. Wildlife Sites Report

SITE REF NAME GRID REF AREA(ha) RATIFIED DESCRIPTION

34/015 Hoggates Wood

TL479227 4.32 1997 Ancient semi-natural Pedunculate Oak (Pedunculate Oak (Quercus robur))/Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) coppice-with-standards woodland. The western two-thirds of the wood supports a semi-natural canopy with other woody species including Ash (Fraxinus excelsior), Crab Apple (Malus sylvestris), Horse Chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum), Wild Cherry (Prunus avium), Blackthorn (Prunus spinosa), Elder (Sambucus nigra), Hazel (Corylus avellana) and Hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna). The vegetation varies from damp, moderately calcareous Boulder Clay flora with Tufted Hair-grass (Deschampsia cespitosa), Bugle (Ajuga reptans), Primrose (Primula vulgaris) and Wild Angelica (Angelica sylvestris) to more acid conditions on de-calcified clay with Bracken (Pteridium aquilinum) and Bramble (Rubus fruticosus agg.). Habitats within the wood include a stream course and glades. The remaining eastern portion consists of regenerating secondary scrub with planted Hybrid Black Poplar (Populus x canadensis), with some vestiges of the semi-natural flora remaining. Wildlife Site criteria: Ancient Woodland Inventory site with a largely semi-natural canopy.

34/016 Dane O'coys Meadow

TL481223 7.62 1997 Meadows of species rich neutral grassland bounded by old thick hedges. A small stream, springs, old pollarded Pedunculate Oak (Quercus robur) and Hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) scrub add to the habitat diversity of the site. The grassland supports species such as Common Sorrel (Rumex acetosa), Lady’s Smock (Cardamine pratensis), Common Knapweed (Centaurea nigra), Meadow Vetchling (Lathyrus pratensis) and Pignut (Conopodium majus), with Hairy Sedge (Carex hirta), Pendulous Sedge (Carex pendula), Soft Rush (Juncus effusus) and Brooklime (Veronica beccabunga) in the damper areas. Wildlife Site criteria: Grassland indicators.

34/018 Whitehall Field

TL483223 1.56 1997 Neutral unimproved to semi-improved grassland surrounded by tree-lined hedgerows. Species recorded include Bird’s-foot Trefoil (Lotus corniculatus), Common Sorrel (Rumex acetosa), Common Knapweed (Centaurea nigra), Meadow Buttercup (Ranunculus acris) and Field Woodrush (Luzula campestris). Wildlife Site criteria: Grassland indicators.

34/025 Hazelend Wood

TL494238 7.37 1997 Ancient semi-natural Pedunculate Oak (Quercus robur)/Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) coppice woodland with mature Pedunculate Oak plantation and remnant Hornbeam coppice. The wood is quite open in places, particularly to the east of the central ride and these glades support dense Bracken (Pteridium aquilinum). Dense Hazel (Corylus avellana) coppice occurs to the west of the ride. The ground flora supports ancient woodland indicators such as Bluebell (Hyacinthoides non-scripta) and Dog's Mercury (Mercurialis perennis) and also includes uncommon plants such as Early Purple Orchid (Orchis mascula) and Hard Shield-fern (Polystichum aculeatum). Ditches, banks and hedges are present to the boundary in places plus there are internal wood banks and an old pit at the southern end of the site. Wildlife Site criteria: Ancient Woodland Inventory site; woodland indicators.

34/026 Bishop's Stortford Marsh

TL499233 5.28 1997 An area of damp open scrub/woodland with tall herb and fen adjacent to the River Stort. Ditches, tussocky patches and uneven ground add to the diversity of the site. Crack Willow (Salix fragilis) is the dominant tree plus there is some Pedunculate Oak (Quercus robur) on the drier ground, plus Sycamore (Acer

Appendix A. Wildlife Sites Report

SITE REF NAME GRID REF AREA(ha) RATIFIED DESCRIPTION

pseudoplatanus) with abundant scrub of willow (Salix spp.), Elder (Sambucus nigra), Blackthorn (Prunus spinosa) and Hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna). The open ground is dominated by Common Nettle (Urtica dioica) with extensive Common Reed (Phragmites australis) and Lesser Pond-sedge (Carex acutiformis). Additional species recorded include Wild Angelica (Angelica sylvestris), Brooklime (Veronica beccabunga) and Meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria). Wildlife Site criteria: Fen and swamp indicators.

34/029 Bishop's Stortford Cemetery

TL485206 4.77 1997 A Victorian cemetery with closely mown old unimproved neutral grassland. The site is dissected by a road. There are areas of conservation importance with high species diversity including species such as Red Fescue (Festuca rubra), Common Sorrel (Rumex acetosa), Common Knapweed (Centaurea nigra), Bird’s-foot Trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) and Field Wood-rush (Luzula campestris). Planted conifers are shading out some of the grassland species. Wildlife Site criteria: Grassland indicators.

35/001 Birchanger Wood

TL504220 6.93 1997 Ancient woodland with three identifiable semi-natural stand types – Pedunculate Oak (Quercus robur)/Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus), Pedunculate Oak/Silver Birch (Betula pendula) and Ash (Fraxinus excelsior)/Field Maple (Acer campestre)/Hazel (Corylus avellana). Few woods in Hertfordshire of this size have such a diversity of stand types. The Pedunculate Oak/Silver Birch stand type is particularly uncommon in East Herts. The woodland supports a diverse ground flora exceptionally rich in woodland indicator species and includes species uncommon to Hertfordshire. The presence of Velvet Bent (Agrostis canina) and Heath Wood-rush (Luzula multiflora) is indicative of heathy conditions in parts of the wood. In addition to habitat and floristic value the site is also known to support a diverse fauna, especially birds. Wildlife Site criteria: Ancient Woodland Inventory site; woodland indicators.

35/002 Bishop's Stortford Golf Course

TL508211 8.31 1997 Golf course with three areas of species-rich grassland. The main areas of interest are the disused railway across the site, an area of unimproved neutral grassland towards the eastern side, and an area of calcareous grassland towards the south-western side. The latter is becoming shaded out by shrubs planted as part of the golf course landscaping. Species of interest recorded include Yellow-wort (Blackstonia perfoliata), Grass-vetchling (Lathyrus nissolia), Pepper-saxifraga (Silaum silaus), Quaking Grass (Briza media) and Common Broomrape (Orobanche minor). Wildlife Site criteria: Grassland indicators.

35/005 Woodland by Raynham Road

TL502214 0.71 2005 Woodland dominated by Horse Chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) with much Sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus) and Ash (Fraxinus excelsior) along with some Pedunculate Oak (Quercus robur) and Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus). The shrub layer includes Hazel (Corylus avellana), Holly (Ilex aquifolium) and Hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna). Woodland indicator species in the ground flora include Wood Anemone (Anemone nemorosa), Dog''s Mercury (Mercurialis perennis), Wood Sorrel (Oxalis acetosella) and Bluebell (Hyacinthoides non-scripta). Wildlife Site criteria: Old woodland with a semi-natural canopy and varied structure; woodland indicators.

Appendix A. Data Search Results

Species Records SPECIES YEAR GRID 1 Km SITE PROTECTED BAP LBAP

Brown Long-Eared Bat 2002 TL4920 Bishops Stortford Hospital 1 1 0




Chiroptera (Bat) 2002 TL4821 Bishops Stortford High Street 1 0 0

Chiroptera (Bat) 1999 TL4920 Bishops Stortford, Warwick Road 1 0 0

Chiroptera (Bat) 2002 TL4920 Bishops Stortford Hospital 1 0 0

Chiroptera (Bat) 2000 TL5022 Bish Stortford, Northolt Avenue 1 0 0

Chiroptera (Bat) 2001 TL5021 Summercroft Infant School 1 0 0

Chiroptera (Bat) 2002 TL5021 Bishops Stortford, Manor Links 1 0 0

Chiroptera (Bat) 2001 TL5022 Birchanger, High View 1 0 0

Daubenton Bat 1994 TL4821 Portland Place 1 0 0

Daubenton Bat 1995 TL4821 Bishops Stort, Portland Road 1 0 0

Natterer's Bat 1994 TL4821 Portland Place 1 0 1



Pipistrelle 45 Khz Bat 2004 TL4821 Bishops Stortford, Chantry Mount 1 1 0

Pipistrelle 55 Khz Bat 2000 TL4821 Bishop's Stortford, Stane Close 1 0 0

Pipistrelle Bat 1991 TL4821 28 Regency Close, Bishops Stortford 1 0 0

Pipistrelle Bat 2002 TL4821 Bishop's Stortford, St Michael's Church 1 0 0

Pipistrelle Bat 2000 TL4821 Bishop's Stortford, Stane Close 1 0 0







Pipistrelle Bat 1991 TL4921 Stanstead Road, Bishops Stortford 1 0 0

Pipistrelle Bat 1998 TL4922 Bishops Stortford, Cannons Close 1 0 0

Pipistrelle Bat 1994 TL4922 Bishops Stortford 1 0 0

Pipistrelle Bat 1994 TL4922 Bishops Stortford 1 0 0

Pipistrelle Bat 1998 TL4922 Bishops Stortford, Oaklands Drive 1 0 0

Pipistrelle Bat 2002 TL4920 Bishops Stortford Hospital 1 0 0




Pipistrelle Bat 1999 TL5021 Bishops Stortford, Haycroft Area 1 0 0

Pipistrelle Bat 1999 TL5021 Bishops Stortford, Haycroft Area 1 0 0

Pipistrelle Bat 2001 TL5021 Summercroft School, Friars Wood 1 0 0

Pipistrelle Bat 2003 TL5021 Haycroft, Bishops Stortford 1 0 0

Pipistrelle Bat 2001 TL5022 Northolt Avenue 1 0 0

Badger 1985 TL4822 TL42W 1 0 0

Badger 1985 TL4824 TL42X 1 0 0

Badger 1988 TL4923 Folly Grove 1 0 0

Badger 1982 TL4923 Hazel End Chalk Pit 1 0 0

Badger 1985 TL5022 TL52B 1 0 0

Badger 1985 TL5024 TL52C 1 0 0

Badger 2004 TL4823 Bishops Stortford Bypas 1 0 0

Badger 1999 TL4923 A120 Bishops Stortford 1 0 0

Water Vole 1989 TL487233 TL4823 TL42W 1 1 1

Water Vole 1989 TL496229 TL4922 TL42W 1 1 1

Grass Snake 1976 TL490210 TL4921 Stortford Hall Road, TL42V 1 1 0

Slow-Worm 1991 TL490210 TL4921 Parsonage Lane 1 1 0

Slow-Worm 1999 TL490218 TL4921 Bishops Stortford Town 1 1 0

Slow-Worm 1999 TL490229 TL4922 Farnham Road Allotment 1 1 0



Slow-Worm 1991 TL500218 TL5021 Parsonage Lane, TL52A 1 1 0

Otter 1990 TL491213 TL4921

1 1 1

Otter 2007 TL4821 TL4821 St Michaels Mead, Bishop's Stortford 1 1 1

Veteran & Mature Tree Records SPECIES SURVEY DATE GIRTH (cm) SITE ADDRESS CONTEXT EASTING NORTHING RECORD No.

Hawthorn 21/01/1999 150 Stort Lodge Bishops Stortford UT, Urban Tree 547750 221700 40

Ash 10/06/1999 528 Bishops Stortford Bishops Stortford

549100 222100 156

Hornbeam 01/06/2000 400 Birchanger Wood Bishops Stortford WL, Woodland 549900 222600 628

Oak 29/11/2000 427 Nr Grange Paddock Bishops Stortford CL, Common Land 549200 221800 778

Oak 29/11/2000 458 Grange Paddock Bishops Stortford PL, Parkland 549200 221900 779

Oak 29/11/2000 435 Grange Paddock Bishops Stortford PL, Parkland 549200 222100 780

Ash 29/11/2000 541 Grange Paddock Bishops Stortford PL, Parkland 549200 222100 781

Ancient Woodland Inventory Sites

NAME WOOD TYPE AREA (ha)

Birchanger Wood Ancient Semi-natural Woodland 7.70

Hazelend Wood Ancient Semi-natural Woodland 7.87

Hoggate's Wood Ancient Semi-natural Woodland 1.15

Hoggate's Wood (replanted) Ancient Replanted Woodland 3.35

Appendix B. Phase 1 Habitat Map | Hoggett’s End

N Key

Amenity grassland

Semi-improved neutral grassland

Native species rich hedgerow

Defunct species poor hedgerow

Intact species poor hedgerow

Dry ditch

Earth bank

Target Note

4

1

2

4

3

Appendix B. TARGET NOTE RECORD Number 1

Survey Title: Phase One Habitat Survey

Map sheet Surveyor: Peter Oakenfull AIEEM Survey date: May 2011

Conservation status: None Grid ref: TL 234078

County: Hertfordshire LA District: East Herts Council

Habitats: Alphanumeric code

Dominant: Neutral Grassland Semi Improved B2.2

Other: Defunct Hedge Species Poor Intact Hedge Species Rich Earth Bank Dry Ditch Neutral Grassland Semi Improved

J2.2.2 J.2.1.1 J2.8 J2.6 B2.2

Target notes: 1 Pond in East Meadow: Possible Great Crested Newt 2 Veteran Trees: Possibility of bats roosting and grassland habitat suitable for foraging

3 Reptiles: Small areas of bramble scrub that is south-facing linking to grassland 4 Bank and ditch: Badger activity recorded

Site name: Hoggett’s End Bishop’s Stortford

Key words by habitat:

A. Woodland B. Grassland C. Tall Herb/Fen D. Heathland E. Mire

Tall Permanent

F. Swamp etc G. Open Water H. Coastland I. Rock etc J. Miscellaneous

Species poor Hedgerow

Species Rich

Appendix C. Bat Surveys and Badger Activity | Hoggett’s End

N Area of Badger activity with runs crossing through boundary

Bat transect routes both walked on 6th and 17th May

Areas of high bat activity

Site boundary

Key

Carpet tiles

Bitumen sheets

Site boundary

Appendix C. Reptile and Amphibian Survey| Hoggett’s End

N

Appendix C. Species Composition Common Name Scientific Name Plant Species Field Maple Acer campestre Sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus Yarrow Achillea millefolium Ground Elder Aegopodium podagraria Common Couch Elytrigia repens Common Bent Agrostis capillaris Garlic Mustard Alliaria petiolata Daisy Bellis perennis Hedge Bindweed Calystegia sepium Hornbeam Carpinus betulus Greater Knapweed Centaurea scabiosa Common Mouse Ear Cerastium holosteoides Willowherb spp spp. Epilobium Oxeye Daisy Leucanthemum vulgare Creeping Thistle Cirsium arvense Spear Thistle Cirsium vulgare Field Bindweed Convolvulus arvensis Hawthorn Crataegus monogyna Ash Fraxinus excelsior Common Hemp-Nettle Galeobdolon tetrahit Cleavers Galium aparine Cut-leaved Cranesbill Geranium dissectum Small-flowered Cranesbill Geranium pusillum Herb Robert Geranium robertianum Ground Ivy Glechoma hederacea Ivy Hedera helix Hogweed Heracleum sphondylium Holly Ilex aquifolium White Dead Nettle Lamium album Red Dead Nettle Lamium purpureum Rye Grass Lolium perenne Birds-foot Trefoil Lotus corniculatus Greater Birds-foot Trefoil Lotus pedunculatus Scentless Mayweed Tripleurospermum maritimum Red Campion Silene dioica Smaller cat's-tail Phleum bertolonii Timothy Grass Phleum pratense Ribwort Plantain Plantago lanceolata Greater Plantain Plantago major Annual Meadow Grass Poa annua Creeping Cinquefoil Potentilla repens Blackthorn Prunus spinosa Pedunculate Oak Quercus robur Bulbous Buttercup Ranunculus bulbosus Creeping Buttercup Ranunculus repens Dog Rose Rosa canina Bramble Rubus fruticosus agg Sheeps Sorrel Rumex acetosella Clustered Dock Rumex conglomeratus

Broad-leaved Dock Rumex obtusifolius Elder Sambucus nigra Ragwort Senecio jacobaea Groundsel Senecio vulgaris Perennial Sow-thistle Sonchus arvensis Smooth Sow-thistle Sonchus oleraceus Hedge Woundwort Stachys sylvatica Lesser Stitchwort Stellaria graminea Dandelion Taraxacum officinale Upright Hedge Parsley Torilis japonica Elm spp spp. Ulmus Common Nettle Utrica dioica Germander speedwell Veronica chamaedrys Slender Speedwell Veronica filiformis Common Vetch Vicia sativa Dogs Mercury Mercurialis perennis Lawsons Cyprus Cupressus Leylandii Pine spp. spp. Pinus Laurel Prunus laurocerasus rotundifolia Birds Wood Pigeon Columba palumbus Pheasant Phasianus colchicus Jackdaw Corvus monedula Great Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos major Dunnock Prunella modularis Blackbird Turdus merula Robin Erithacus rubecula Blue Tit Cyanistes caeruleus Great Tit Parus major Swallow Hirundo rustica Chaffinch Fringilla coelebs Kestrel Falco tinnunculus Magpie Pica pica Butterflies Speckled Wood Pararge aegeria Small White Pieris rapae Holly Blue Celastrina argiolus Red Admiral Vanessa atalanta Mammals Red Fox Vulpes vulpes Muntjac Muntiacus reeves Squirrel Sciurus carolinensis Mole Talpa europaea Amphibians Common Toad Bufo bufo

Appendix D. References

Clark, Michael (2001), Mammals, Amphibians and Reptiles of Hertfordshire.

English Nature (2001), Great Crested Newt Mitigation Guidelines.

English Nature (2004), Reptiles: Guidelines for Developers.

Environment Agency (1999), The Mink and the Water Vole Analysis for Conservation.

Froglife (1998), Evaluating Local Mitigation/Translocation Programmes: Maintaining Best Practice and Lawful

Standards.

Froglife (1999), Reptile Survey: An Introduction to Planning, Conducting and Interpreting Surveys for Snake and

Lizard Conservation.

Froglife (2001), Great Crested Newt Conservation Handbook.

Gent, T. & Howarth, W. (1998), ‘Amphibians & Reptiles & the Law’, Herpetofauna Workers’ Manual.

Joint Nature Conservation Committee (2007), Handbook for Phase 1 Habitat Survey.

Morris, Colin, Vincent Wildlife Trust, The Morris Bat Slate.

Natural England (2009), Badgers and Development: A Guide to Best Practice and Licensing.

The Bat Conservation Trust (2007), Bat Surveys: Good Practice Guidelines.

Williams, Carol, Bat Conservation Trust, Biodiversity for Low and Zero Carbon Buildings.

Legislation

The Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2010.

The Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000.

Government Circular 06/2005, Biodiversity and Geological Conservation.

The Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act (NERC) 2006.

Planning Policy Statement 9 (PPS9) 2005.

The Protection of Badgers Act 1992.

The Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended).

hoggett’s end bishop’s stortford hertfordshire...1.0 executive summary ... records are held for...

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