hollywood film production

46

Upload: maheen-khan

Post on 03-Sep-2014

232 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

DESCRIPTION

 

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Hollywood film production
Page 2: Hollywood film production

DevelopmentPre-productionProductionPost-productionDistribution

Page 3: Hollywood film production

Finding Finance Script

development Stars Director Other Key Crew

Page 4: Hollywood film production

SECURING FINANCE

-Can be complex and very lengthy

-Must attract potential investors

-Generate confidence in film’s ability to create revenue

-Returns can be enormous

-But very risky

-The higher the film’s profile, the more likely to attract investors

-Blockbusters attract more than low budget

-Only one in ten films make significant financial return

Page 5: Hollywood film production

A script treatment - ten or more pages concerning storylines, characters and locations.

Generic profile of film - help investors to “place” film in marketplace (potential audience)

Proposed budget - rough guide to price

Page 6: Hollywood film production

Visual representation of key narrative moments

Key personnel - stars, director, DOP, etc

Potential spin-offs, merchandising and tie-ins - all its money making potential.

Page 7: Hollywood film production

100% financing - a studio or other backer gives 100% of the film’s budget in return for full ownership of the film.

Multi-party financing - the independent producer typically raises finance from a host of sources.

Page 8: Hollywood film production

Titanic $200,000,000Spiderman 2 $200,000,000Waterworld $175,000,000The,Wild,Wild West $175,000,000Van Helsing $170,000,000Terminator 3 $170,000,000Troy $150,000,000

With a partner, look at the list of the biggest film budgets and discuss what factors do you think helped secure such huge amounts of investment in these films?

Page 9: Hollywood film production

Finalising Script Scheduling Budgeting Casting Crew contracts Storyboarding Location Equipment hire

Page 10: Hollywood film production

Cinematography – DOP and the camera crew Production Design – Art direction and dressers Actors – Method and typical day Sound – Booms, fishpoles and DATs

Page 11: Hollywood film production

Costumes, Make-up and hair Special FX – green screens, etc Editing Production Team

Page 12: Hollywood film production

Editing Re-shoots Sound mixing ADR Foley Music Laboratories

Page 13: Hollywood film production

Launching a film in the marketplaceDistributor acquires rights to filmCould invest in film at beginningBuy rights after film madePart of larger company and

automatically distribute film$60 billion global film entertainment

business

Page 14: Hollywood film production

How and when to release a film - a crucial decision. Want to avoid slow times or event films. Cinema release date important for DVD release.

Target right audience - test screenings, p&a campaign.

Page 15: Hollywood film production

How many copies of film to circulate?

Saturation 700-1000 printsArthouse 20 printsTiming - school holidays for

blockbusters, Jan-March for potential award winners

Competition - too many blockbusters, too crowded

Page 16: Hollywood film production

Can cost as much as the filmMust create the “must see” factor -

word of mouthMarketing mix - posters, trailers,

media ads, internet, promotions, merchandising, premieres, press junkets, previews and festivals

Page 17: Hollywood film production
Page 18: Hollywood film production

Hollywood makes approximately 120 films a year

High Production Valueshigh budget affords:

Special effects Actors Great script Exotic locations New technology – camera work

Page 19: Hollywood film production

A high-budget production Aimed at mass markets Relies on vital merchandising

“the modern-day blockbuster has become far more than just a movie. However strong the characters and storyline, none of the new breed of blockbusters gets the go-ahead

unless it can justify itself in terms of its TV spin-offs, sequels, merchandising

opportunities and DVD tie-in. It is no longer enough to get pre-programmed audiences

crammed into the multiplex when they could be buying the toy, drinking the drink and

wearing the T-shirt too.”

Page 20: Hollywood film production

Production Costs

Page 21: Hollywood film production

Before: the deals ($30M)Script & development: $10mThe script budget on a film is typically 5% of the total budget. Writer David Koepp netted an eight-figure payday.Plus:, a batch of four fresh writers, including Pulitzer prize-winning novelist Michael Chabon. In addition, it is likely uncredited but well-paid script doctors were drafted in to rewrite certain scenes. Licensing: $20mMarvel owns the Spider-Man character. Since Sony bought the movie rights in 1999, there has been ongoing bickering and litigation between Marvel and Sony, pushing the licensing price up further. Stan Lee, the co-creator of the Spider-Man comic character, acts as executive producer on Spider-Man 2. Marvel pay Lee an annual salary of $1m [£540,000], but Lee has threatened to sue for a share of profits from licensing.

Page 22: Hollywood film production

During: the shoot ($100M)The big money is doled out to the stars, the director and the producers are still paid a traditional weekly wage for the length of the shoot. They are what's called "above-the-line" costs that the studios are committed to paying before the cameras even start to roll.

Producers: $15mBlockbusters spawn numerous producers : Spider-Man 2 has two producers, one co-producer and three executive producers.

Director: $10mIn the age of studio-led blockbuster movies, the director has less and less autonomy, and is often brought on board after the studio has already completed casting. If test audiences dislike a scene, the director is obliged to cut or reshoot. For their pains, directors can still command a hefty fee. For the first Spider-Man movie, then Columbia Pictures chairwoman Amy Pascal surprised the community by hiring Evil Dead director Sam Raimi, who was not that well known to keep the costs down.

Page 23: Hollywood film production

Cast: $30mTobey Maguire landed the title role after first-choice Heath Ledger passed. His pay for Spider-Man, $4m [£2m] leapt to an upfront $17m [£9m] for the sequel, Industry insiders estimate Kirstin Dunst was paid $5-$6m for Spider-Man 2. New baddie Alfred Molina would be paid in the region of $1m [$540,000]. The rest of the cast will have picked up $3m [£1.6m]. Actors, agents and managers go home happy with a tasty 10-15% of their clients' payday.

Below the line: $45m"Below-the-line" costs are the physical production expenses of the shoot, including crew fees. The costs of hiring and operating state-of-the-art equipment, corralling and feeding armies of extras, occupying and vacating locations, and, above all, employing thousands of high-salaried crew members are enormous. Principal photography on Spider-Man 2 began on April 12, 2003 in New York, where the production spent three weeks shooting at various locations.

Page 24: Hollywood film production

After: the edit ($70M)Special effects: $65mThe lion's share of the post-production budget is now spent on special effects. Editing remains a sizeable chunk but, along with above-the-line costs, the effects budget on blockbusters is one of the big spends, and is growing fast.

Music: $5mNo more than 2% of the budget. Three-time Oscar-nominated Danny Elfman composed the music for Spider-Man 2 for a fee nearing £2m. Sony Music Soundtrax will put out the official soundtrack which includes tracks by Jet and Train. The first Spider-Man album debuted at no 4 on the US albums chart, and sold more than 2m copies worldwide.

Page 25: Hollywood film production

The sell ($75M)

Prints & advertising: $75m

The print and advertising costs are not actually included in the production budget. Having already spent $200m on making the film, the studios will spend even more money on marketing it!

Page 26: Hollywood film production

Final Box Office figures:$821m [£446m] worldwide!

Page 27: Hollywood film production

High production valuesBlockbuster Above the line costsBelow the line costsMedia conglomerateSubsidiary

Page 28: Hollywood film production
Page 29: Hollywood film production

20th Century FoxWarner Bros Universal Studios Walt Disney DreamWorks

Page 30: Hollywood film production

20th Century Fox is a film corporation which is one of the 6 major American film studios. The organisation was founded in 1935 and has become of the most recognised film studios in the world the.

Examples of their work include:• Avatar • Star wars • Ice Age the Meltdown

Page 31: Hollywood film production

Warner Bros is also one of the main film studios that is based in California and in New York City The type of organisation that it is, is a subsidiary The organisation was founded in 1918 in Hollywood California

Some of their work includes:•The Dark Knight •Harry Potter•The Matrix

Page 32: Hollywood film production

Universal studios is 1 of the 6 major American film studios. The organization was founded in 1912 by a man called Carl Laemmle. The organization is owned 80% by an American company called General Electric and the other 20% is owned by a French company called Vivendi

Some examples of their work include:•ET•Mamma Mia •Jurassic Park

Page 33: Hollywood film production

Some examples of their work include:•Shrek•Madagascar •Over The hedge

DreamWorks is an studio which produces animated film which are computer animated. The organisation was founded in 1994. The studio is based in California, America. The organisation produced animations is only through Paramount Pictures.

Page 34: Hollywood film production

Some examples of their work include:•Pirates of the Caribbean•The chronicles of Narnia

Walt Disney is a film studio that creates films that appeal to wider audiences. The organization was founded in 1983, and is currently based in California. The industry in which the organisation operates is within Motion Pictures

Page 35: Hollywood film production

The origins and development of the American film industry are the period from 1895 to 1930.

During this time the emerging industry developed into an important popular medium, organised into clearly defined exhibition, production, and distribution elements.

Page 36: Hollywood film production

The period from 1930 to 1949 in American film is known as the Studio Era.

By 1930 the American film industry was dominated by five companies known as the ‘Majors’ or the ‘Big Five.

Page 37: Hollywood film production
Page 38: Hollywood film production

All of the Big Five studios were vertically integrated.

Vertical integration – where a company is organised so that it oversees a product from the planning/development stage, through production, to marketing, and distribution, through to the consumer.

Page 39: Hollywood film production

During the studio era the Big Five owned the production studios, the distribution companies, and most of the cinemas in the US.Production Studio

Distribution

Cinemas

Page 40: Hollywood film production

In 1949 the major studios were forced to sell off the cinema chains that they owned by the US government, after a court ruling that their practices were monopolistic.

The American film industry declined further in the 1950s due to the rise of television.

It wasn’t until the late 1980s that Hollywood studios fully recovered.

Page 41: Hollywood film production

The American film industry is now dominated by six major film companies.

The contemporary Big Six account for nearly 90% of the North American film market.

All of these companies are subsidiaries of major media conglomerates.

Page 42: Hollywood film production

Who do you think are the Big Six film studios in the contemporary American film industry?Major Studio Subsidiaries

Warner Bros Pictures20th Century FoxParamount PicturesColumbia PicturesWalt Disney/Touchstone PicturesUniversal Studios

Page 43: Hollywood film production

Do you know which conglomerate owns which film studio?

Page 44: Hollywood film production

Conglomerate Parent Division Major Studio Subsidiary

Time Warner Warner Bros. Entertainment

Warner Bros. Pictures

News Corporation Fox Filmed Entertainment

20th Century Fox

Viacom Paramount Motion Pictures Group

Paramount Picture

Sony Corporation of America

Sony Pictures Entertainment

Columbia Pictures

The Walt Disney Company

Walt Disney Motion Pictures Group

Walt Disney Pictures/Touchstone Pictures

General Electric/ Vivendi

NBC Universal Universal Studios

Page 45: Hollywood film production
Page 46: Hollywood film production

Pick a specific Hollywood production institution and explain in detail how it produces and distributes the films attached to its name.