holt handbook chapter 5 the phrase: prepositional, verbal, and appositive phrases
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Holt Handbook Chapter 5 The Phrase: Prepositional, Verbal, and Appositive Phrases](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082317/56649eca5503460f94bd8b50/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Holt Handbook Chapter 5
The Phrase: Prepositional, Verbal, and Appositive Phrases
![Page 2: Holt Handbook Chapter 5 The Phrase: Prepositional, Verbal, and Appositive Phrases](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082317/56649eca5503460f94bd8b50/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
#1-What is a Phrase?
A phrase is a group of related words that is used as a single part of speech and that does not contain both a verb and its subject.
PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE: a message from the other members of the debate team
PARTICIPIAL PHRASE: monkeys swinging through the dense jungle
INFINITIVE PHRASE: asking to go with them on their Antarctic expedition
APPOSITIVE PHRASE: a painting by van Gogh, the famous Dutch painter
NOTE: a group of words that has both a verb and its subject is called a clause. Pg 95
![Page 3: Holt Handbook Chapter 5 The Phrase: Prepositional, Verbal, and Appositive Phrases](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082317/56649eca5503460f94bd8b50/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
#2-The Prepositional Phrase
A prepositional phrase includes a preposition, a noun or pronoun called the object of the preposition, and any modifiers of that object.
EXAMPLES: The Seine River flows through Paris. [The noun Paris is the object of the preposition through.]
EXAMPLES: The car in front of us slid into an icy snow bank. [The pronoun us is the object of the compound preposition in front of. The noun snow bank is the object of the preposition into.]
![Page 4: Holt Handbook Chapter 5 The Phrase: Prepositional, Verbal, and Appositive Phrases](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082317/56649eca5503460f94bd8b50/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
NOTE:
Be careful not to confuse a prepositional phrase with an infinitive. A prepositional phrase always has an object that is a noun or a pronoun. An infinitive is a verb form that usually begins with to.
PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE: When we went to Florida, we saw the old Spanish fort in St. Augustine.
INFINITIVE: When we were in Florida, we went to see the old Spanish fort in St. Augustine.
Pg 96
![Page 5: Holt Handbook Chapter 5 The Phrase: Prepositional, Verbal, and Appositive Phrases](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082317/56649eca5503460f94bd8b50/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
#3-The Adjective Phrase
A prepositional phrase that modifies a noun or a pronoun is called an adjective phrase.
EXAMPLES: Wang Wei was a talented painter of landscapes. [the prepositional phrase of landscapes modifies the noun painter, telling what kind of painter.]
EXAMPLES: Mrs. O’Meara is the one on the left. [the prepositional phrase on the left modifies the pronoun one, telling which one Mrs. O’Meara is.]
Pg. 97
![Page 6: Holt Handbook Chapter 5 The Phrase: Prepositional, Verbal, and Appositive Phrases](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082317/56649eca5503460f94bd8b50/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
#4-The Adverb Phrase
A prepositional phrase that modifies a verb, an adjective, or an adverb is called an adverb phrase.
EXAMPLES: the snow fell throughout the day . [the phrase modifies the verb fell, telling when the snow fell.]
An adverb phrase tells how, when, where, why, or to what extent (how long, how much, or how far).
EXAMPLES: Are you good at soccer? [the phrase modifies the adjective good, telling how you are good.]
Pg 99
![Page 7: Holt Handbook Chapter 5 The Phrase: Prepositional, Verbal, and Appositive Phrases](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082317/56649eca5503460f94bd8b50/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
#5- Verbals and Verbal Phrases
A verbal is a word that is formed from a verb but is used as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb. There are three kinds of verbals: the participle, the gerund, and the infinitive.
![Page 8: Holt Handbook Chapter 5 The Phrase: Prepositional, Verbal, and Appositive Phrases](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082317/56649eca5503460f94bd8b50/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
#6- The Participle
A participle is a verb form that can be used as an adjective. Present participles end in –ing.
The smiling child waved. The horses trotting past were not frightened by
the crowd.
---Most past participles end in –d or –ed. Some past participles are irregularly formed.
The police officers searched the abandoned warehouse.
![Page 9: Holt Handbook Chapter 5 The Phrase: Prepositional, Verbal, and Appositive Phrases](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082317/56649eca5503460f94bd8b50/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
#7 The Participial Phrase
A participial phrase consists of a participle and any modifiers or complements the participle has. The entire phrase is used as an adjective.
Seeing itself in the mirror, the duck seemed quite bewildered.
![Page 10: Holt Handbook Chapter 5 The Phrase: Prepositional, Verbal, and Appositive Phrases](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082317/56649eca5503460f94bd8b50/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
#8- The Gerund
A gerund is a verb form ending in –ing that is used as a noun.
SUBJECT Skiing down that slope was fun.
PREDICATE NOMINATIVE: Dad’s favorite pastime is fishing for trout and bass.
INDIRECT OBJECT Give sailing a try. DIRECT OBJECT We enjoyed hiking in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains.
OBJECT OF PREPOSITION Please sweep the front sidewalk after mowing.
![Page 11: Holt Handbook Chapter 5 The Phrase: Prepositional, Verbal, and Appositive Phrases](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082317/56649eca5503460f94bd8b50/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
The Gerund Phrase
A gerund phrase consists of a gerund and any modifiers or complements the gerund has. The entire phrase is used as a noun.
Having a part-time job may interfere with your schoolwork.
The townspeople heard the loud clanging of the fire bell.
NOTE: When a noun or a pronoun comes immediately before a gerund, use the possessive form of the noun or pronoun.
![Page 12: Holt Handbook Chapter 5 The Phrase: Prepositional, Verbal, and Appositive Phrases](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082317/56649eca5503460f94bd8b50/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
#9 The Infinitive
An infinitive is a verb form that can be used as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb. Most infinitives begin with to.
NOUN: To install the ceiling fan took two hours.
ADJECTIVES: The best time to visit Florida is December through April.
ADVERBS: The gymnasts were ready to practice their routines.
![Page 13: Holt Handbook Chapter 5 The Phrase: Prepositional, Verbal, and Appositive Phrases](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082317/56649eca5503460f94bd8b50/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
The Infinitive Phrase
An infinitive phrase consists of an infinitive and any modifiers or complements the infinitive has. The entire phrase may be used as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb.
• An infinitive may be modified by an adjective or an adverb; it may also have a complement.
The crowd grew quiet to hear the speaker.
Peanuts and raisins are good snacks to take on a camping trip.
![Page 14: Holt Handbook Chapter 5 The Phrase: Prepositional, Verbal, and Appositive Phrases](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082317/56649eca5503460f94bd8b50/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
#10- Appositives and Appositive Phrases An appositive is a noun or a pronoun placed
beside another noun or pronoun to identify or describe it.
NOTE: commas are generally used with appositives that refer to proper nouns.
• An appositive phrase consists of an appositive and its modifiers.