holt, rinehart and winston people, places, and change holt 1 wind, climate, and natural environments...

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HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 1 People, People, Places, Places, and Change and Change HOLT HOLT Wind, Climate, Wind, Climate, and Natural Environments and Natural Environments Section 1: Section 1: Winds and Ocean Currents Winds and Ocean Currents Section 2: Section 2: Earth’s Climate and Earth’s Climate and Vegetation Vegetation Section 3: Section 3: Natural Environments Natural Environments CHAPTER 3 CHAPTER 3

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Page 1: HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON People, Places, and Change HOLT 1 Wind, Climate, and Natural Environments Section 1: Winds and Ocean Currents Section 2: Earth’s

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON1

People, Places,People, Places,and Changeand Change

HOLTHOLT

Wind, Climate, Wind, Climate, and Natural Environmentsand Natural EnvironmentsSection 1:Section 1: Winds and Ocean Currents Winds and Ocean Currents

Section 2:Section 2: Earth’s Climate and Vegetation Earth’s Climate and Vegetation

Section 3:Section 3: Natural Environments Natural Environments

CHAPTER 3CHAPTER 3

Page 2: HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON People, Places, and Change HOLT 1 Wind, Climate, and Natural Environments Section 1: Winds and Ocean Currents Section 2: Earth’s

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People, Places,People, Places,and Changeand Change

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Objectives: Objectives: How does the Sun’s energy change Earth?How does the Sun’s energy change Earth? Why are wind and ocean currents important?Why are wind and ocean currents important?

Section 1Section 1Winds and Winds and Ocean CurrentsOcean Currents

Page 3: HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON People, Places, and Change HOLT 1 Wind, Climate, and Natural Environments Section 1: Winds and Ocean Currents Section 2: Earth’s

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The Sun’s Energy:The Sun’s Energy: Affects weather and climate.Affects weather and climate. Maintains Earth’s energy balance by replacing energy Maintains Earth’s energy balance by replacing energy

lost into space.lost into space. Is stored in Earth’s atmosphere by the Is stored in Earth’s atmosphere by the greenhousegreenhouse effecteffect. .

Section 1Section 1Winds and Winds and Ocean CurrentsOcean Currents

Page 4: HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON People, Places, and Change HOLT 1 Wind, Climate, and Natural Environments Section 1: Winds and Ocean Currents Section 2: Earth’s

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Wind and currents:Wind and currents: Move heat energy by moving air and waterMove heat energy by moving air and water Keep different parts of the world from becoming too hot or Keep different parts of the world from becoming too hot or

too coldtoo cold

Air pressureAir pressure is the weight of the air is the weight of the air Warm air is lighter and rises and is replaced by cooler airWarm air is lighter and rises and is replaced by cooler air Air pressure changes with the weather and creates windAir pressure changes with the weather and creates wind

Section 1Section 1Winds and Winds and Ocean CurrentsOcean Currents

Ocean currents Ocean currents move in the same general move in the same general direction of the winds above them.direction of the winds above them.

Page 5: HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON People, Places, and Change HOLT 1 Wind, Climate, and Natural Environments Section 1: Winds and Ocean Currents Section 2: Earth’s

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People, Places,People, Places,and Changeand Change

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Objectives: Objectives: What is included in the study of weather?What is included in the study of weather? What are the major climate types, and what types of What are the major climate types, and what types of

plants live in each?plants live in each?

Section 2Section 2Earth’s Climate Earth’s Climate and Vegetationand Vegetation

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The Study of WeatherThe Study of Weather Weather is the atmospheric condition of an area over Weather is the atmospheric condition of an area over

a short period of time.a short period of time. Weather can describe temperature, amount of Weather can describe temperature, amount of

sunlight, air pressure, wind, humidity, clouds, and sunlight, air pressure, wind, humidity, clouds, and moisture.moisture.

Climate is the average weather in an area over a long Climate is the average weather in an area over a long period of time.period of time.

Section 2Section 2Earth’s Climate Earth’s Climate and Vegetationand Vegetation

Page 7: HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON People, Places, and Change HOLT 1 Wind, Climate, and Natural Environments Section 1: Winds and Ocean Currents Section 2: Earth’s

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Major Climate types and their plant lifeMajor Climate types and their plant life Low-Latitude: tropical rainforests; areas of grass with Low-Latitude: tropical rainforests; areas of grass with

scattered trees and shrubsscattered trees and shrubs Dry: a few drought resistant plants; grasslands, few treesDry: a few drought resistant plants; grasslands, few trees Middle-Latitude: scrub woodlands, grasslands; mixed forests; Middle-Latitude: scrub woodlands, grasslands; mixed forests;

temperate evergreen foreststemperate evergreen forests High Latitude: northern evergreen forests; moss, lichens, low High Latitude: northern evergreen forests; moss, lichens, low

shrubs, permafrost marshesshrubs, permafrost marshes Highland: forest to tundra vegetation depending on elevationHighland: forest to tundra vegetation depending on elevation

Section 2Section 2Earth’s Climate Earth’s Climate and Vegetationand Vegetation

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People, Places,People, Places,and Changeand Change

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Objectives: Objectives: How do environments affect life, and how do they How do environments affect life, and how do they

change?change? What substances make up the different layers of soil?What substances make up the different layers of soil?

Section 3 Section 3 Natural EnvironmentsNatural Environments

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People, Places,People, Places,and Changeand Change

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Environmental Change and LifeEnvironmental Change and Life Ecology is the study of connections among different forms of Ecology is the study of connections among different forms of

lifelife PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis Food chainFood chain

Environmental conditions limit life in that area.Environmental conditions limit life in that area. Plant and animal communities contribute to form Plant and animal communities contribute to form ecosystemsecosystems.. Plant succession—one group of plants gradually replaces Plant succession—one group of plants gradually replaces

another due to natural or human forcesanother due to natural or human forces

Section 3 Section 3 Natural EnvironmentsNatural Environments

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Soil LayersSoil Layers Topsoil—humus, insects, plantsTopsoil—humus, insects, plants Subsoil—deep roots of certain plants and treesSubsoil—deep roots of certain plants and trees Broken rock—gradually breaks down and add Broken rock—gradually breaks down and add

nutrients to the soilnutrients to the soil

Section 3 Section 3 Natural EnvironmentsNatural Environments