holt, rinehart and winston1 civics in practice holt chapter 5 the legislative branch section 1:the...

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON11

CIVICSCIVICS IN PRACTICEIN PRACTICEHOLTHOLT

Chapter 5Chapter 5

The Legislative BranchThe Legislative BranchSection 1:Section 1: The Senate and the House of RepresentativesThe Senate and the House of Representatives

Section 2:Section 2: How Congress Is OrganizedHow Congress Is Organized

Section 3:Section 3: The Powers of CongressThe Powers of Congress

Section 4:Section 4: How a Bill Becomes a LawHow a Bill Becomes a Law



The Main Idea

Congress is divided into two houses, the Senate and the House of Representatives, and its members have

certain qualifications.

Reading Focus What are the two houses of Congress? What are the qualifications, salaries, and rules of

conduct for members of Congress?

Section 1: The Senate and the House of RepresentativesSection 1: The Senate and the House of Representatives



Members and terms lengths in the Members and terms lengths in the House and the Senate:House and the Senate:

The House of Representatives has 435 The House of Representatives has 435 members, who serve twomembers, who serve two--year terms.year terms.

The Senate has 100 members, two for each The Senate has 100 members, two for each state, who serve sixstate, who serve six--year terms.year terms.




Qualifications and salaries in the Qualifications and salaries in the House and Senate:House and Senate: Representatives: must be at least 25 years old, a Representatives: must be at least 25 years old, a

U.S. citizen for at least seven years, and a legal U.S. citizen for at least seven years, and a legal resident of the state they representresident of the state they represent

Senators: must be at least 30 years old, a U.S. Senators: must be at least 30 years old, a U.S. citizen for at least nine years, and a legal resident citizen for at least nine years, and a legal resident of the state they representof the state they represent

The yearly salary is $145,100.The yearly salary is $145,100.




Misconduct by members of Congress:Misconduct by members of Congress:

May lead to expulsion, removal from May lead to expulsion, removal from Congress, with a vote of two thirds of other Congress, with a vote of two thirds of other membersmembers

May lead to censure, a written reprimandMay lead to censure, a written reprimand




SECTION 1

Legislative Misconduct

HOW DESCRIPTION

written reprimand

removing a member from Congress

Censure

Expulsion

Question: In what ways does Congress deal with misconduct by its members?



The Main IdeaCongress is organized in a way that allows its

members to consider and pass legislation without each member having to do everything.

Reading Focus What are the terms and sessions of Congress? How is Congress organized?




Congressional SessionsCongressional Sessions Two sessions per termTwo sessions per term Sessions begin in January each year, and a Sessions begin in January each year, and a

date to adjourn is agreed upon.date to adjourn is agreed upon. Sessions usually adjourn in August or Sessions usually adjourn in August or

September.September. The president may call a special session when The president may call a special session when

necessary.necessary.




Congressional LeadersCongressional Leaders Speaker of the HouseSpeaker of the House——elected from the majority partyelected from the majority party Floor leadersFloor leaders—— elected in party caucuses to guide elected in party caucuses to guide

proposed laws through Congressproposed laws through Congress Party whipsParty whips——persuade members to vote for legislationpersuade members to vote for legislation Vice president Vice president ——according to the Constitution according to the Constitution

presides over the Senate but only votes to break a tiepresides over the Senate but only votes to break a tie President President pro temporepro tempore——fills in for the vice president fills in for the vice president

when necessarywhen necessary




Congressional CommitteesCongressional Committees Study all bills before they are presented to CongressStudy all bills before they are presented to Congress Members are nominated to committee assignments.Members are nominated to committee assignments. Senators serve on at least two standing committees.Senators serve on at least two standing committees. Representatives serve on only two standing committees.Representatives serve on only two standing committees. Standing committee membership is proportionate to Standing committee membership is proportionate to

party majority in each house.party majority in each house. Heads of Committee are now chosen by secret vote.Heads of Committee are now chosen by secret vote.




SECTION 2

When Sessions BeginWhen Sessions Begin How Long They LastHow Long They Last

The first session begins January 3 in odd-numbered years following the congressional election in November. The second session begins January 3 of the following year.

Sessions last as long as Congress wishes.

Adjournment dates are selected by Congress.

Question: When does a session of Congress begin, and how long does it last?



The Main Idea

The Constitution both defines and limits the powers of Congress.

Reading Focus What types of powers are granted to Congress? What are some of the limits on the powers of

Congress?




Five major areas in which Congress Five major areas in which Congress makes laws:makes laws: Financing governmentFinancing government Regulating and encouraging American trade Regulating and encouraging American trade

and industryand industry Defending the countryDefending the country Enforcing lawsEnforcing laws Providing for growthProviding for growth




The Elastic ClauseThe Elastic Clause

““to make all laws which shall be necessary to make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers”foregoing powers”

allows Congress to stretch its delegated allows Congress to stretch its delegated powers to manage new situationspowers to manage new situations




The special powers of Congress:The special powers of Congress: HouseHouse——begins impeachment proceedings, begins impeachment proceedings,

initiates bills to raise money, and selects initiates bills to raise money, and selects president when no candidate receives sufficient president when no candidate receives sufficient electoral voteselectoral votes

SenateSenate——holds impeachment trials, selects vice holds impeachment trials, selects vice president when no candidate has sufficient president when no candidate has sufficient electoral votes, approves treaties, approves high electoral votes, approves treaties, approves high officialsofficials




Congress is forbidden toCongress is forbidden to::

Pass Pass ex post factoex post facto laws, pass bills of attainder, laws, pass bills of attainder, suspend writ of suspend writ of habeas corpushabeas corpus, tax exports, , tax exports, pass laws violating the Bill of Rights, favor pass laws violating the Bill of Rights, favor trade of any state, grant titles of nobility, or trade of any state, grant titles of nobility, or withdraw money without a lawwithdraw money without a law




Congressional Powers

regulating and encouraging U.S. trade and industry

enforcing lawsproviding for growth

defending the country

financing government

SECTION 3

Question: What are the five major areas in which Congress has the power to make laws?



The Main IdeaTo become a law, a bill goes through a

multistage process involving both houses of Congress.

Reading Focus How does a bill begin? How do the House and the Senate consider a bill? In what ways can the president act on the bill?

Section 4: Section 4: How a Bill Becomes a LawHow a Bill Becomes a Law



Ideas for bills originate from:Ideas for bills originate from: U.S. citizensU.S. citizens——constituents making requests of their congress constituents making requests of their congress

membersmembers Organized groupsOrganized groups——businesspeople and labor groups seeking to businesspeople and labor groups seeking to

protect their interestsprotect their interests Committees of CongressCommittees of Congress——investigating committees determine investigating committees determine

needs for new lawsneeds for new laws Members of CongressMembers of Congress——experts in certain fields propose new experts in certain fields propose new

lawslaws The presidentThe president——often introduces ideas for laws in the State of often introduces ideas for laws in the State of

the Union Addressthe Union Address




Bills introduced in either house of CongressBills introduced in either house of Congress Are read and placed in the Are read and placed in the Congressional RecordCongressional Record.. Are sent to a standing committee to be studied.Are sent to a standing committee to be studied. Receive hearings by the committees and are amended.Receive hearings by the committees and are amended. The committee majority can recommend that a bill be passed.The committee majority can recommend that a bill be passed. Bills reported out of committee are placed on the calendar for Bills reported out of committee are placed on the calendar for

debate.debate. The bill is voted on and sent to the other house of Congress The bill is voted on and sent to the other house of Congress

for consideration.for consideration. Approved bills are sent to the president.Approved bills are sent to the president.




Actions of the president regarding a bill:Actions of the president regarding a bill:

sign the bill and declare it a lawsign the bill and declare it a law veto the bill and send it back to Congressveto the bill and send it back to Congress hold the bill for 10 days, when it becomes a hold the bill for 10 days, when it becomes a

law or is killed by law or is killed by pocket vetopocket veto




SECTION 4

Question: What actions can the president take regarding a passed bill?SIGNS THE BILL and it becomes law

REFUSES TO SIGN and sends back to Congress with rejection

reasons – called a VETO.

If Congress is not in session, the bill is killed

by POCKET VETO.

If Congress is in session, the

BILL BECOMES

LAW, even without a signature.

The president

KEEPS the BILL for 10 DAYS without signing or vetoing it:

The president ACTS on a Bill



Chapter 5 Wrap-Up

1. Why did the framers of the Constitution create a bicameral national legislature?

2. What two methods does Congress have to deal with misconduct by its members?

3. Who leads the houses of Congress, and how are these leaders chosen?

4. Why is most of the work of Congress done through committees?

5. What special powers does each house of Congress have?6. How do bills become laws?7. What can the president do with a bill passed by

Congress?

1. Why did the framers of the Constitution create a bicameral national legislature?

2. What two methods does Congress have to deal with misconduct by its members?

3. Who leads the houses of Congress, and how are these leaders chosen?

4. Why is most of the work of Congress done through committees?

5. What special powers does each house of Congress have?6. How do bills become laws?7. What can the president do with a bill passed by

Congress?

holt, rinehart and winston1 civics in practice holt chapter 5 the legislative branch section 1:the...

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