1.

2. History of the Decline of Buddhism in India

(a). The Madhyadeśa

(b). Bengal, Assam, and Orissa

(c). Sindh, the Punjab, and Northwest Indian Subcontinent

(d). Kashmir

(e). Western India

(e). Deccan

3. Moral and Ethical Degeneracy

4. The Issue of Animosity of the Brāhmaṇas

5. The Question of Persecution by Brāhmaṇical-Hindu Kings

6. Sectarianism and the Rise of Mahāyāna and Vajrayāna

7. Attacks by Arabs and Turks

8. Role of Ṣūfism

9. Revival of Brāhmaṇical-Hinduism and the Rise of Bhakti Movement

10. Saṃgha-Laity Relationship, Decline of Urbanization, and Evolving Material Milieu

11. Conclusions: A Model for Decline

Bibliography

Index

6

1

monograph

(Mitra 1954)

1 Le déclin du bouddhisme dans l=Inde

Louis Renou

7

(Mishra 1951: 111-112),

(Joshi 1977: 302.)

Krishan 1964:

264

(Bagchi 1943: 412; Liu 1996: 27)

(Mitra 1954: 12-13)

(Kern 1903: 455)

(Conze: 1882: 155-157)

(Kane 1977: 1003)

(en masse)

brain drain (Atkins 1880: 99)

beacon Faxian/Fa-hien, 399-414 )

Xuanzang/Hieun-tsang, 629-644

(

Beal 1869: 70, 72, 78, 85, 93-94, 96, 113, 120, 137-138, 147)

(Beal 1911: 72)

2Oukong,

2

8

(Lévi and Chavannes 1895:

351, 355)

FATA

(did not play second fiddle)

Arthur Waley

(Waley 1932: 355-376)

1932: 195)

(Waley 1932: 355)

( Losty 1982: 62)

(Jarrett 1977: III.224)

(Eliot 1921: 13)

3

( Mitra 1954: 101) (Grierson)

(Gait 1902: vi.i: 321)

3

Bysack 1890: 64-99)

9

(Gait 1902: vi.i: 157, 427)

(Kane 1977: V.II: 1006) Louis

Renou (Renou 1953: 100)

(Mitra 1954: 2)

(Dutt 1962: 27)

Mithraism

(Oldenberg

1879-1883: ii.139)

(Norman 2006: 144)

10

(Norman

2006: 144)

(Norman 2006: 145)

W.P. Wassilieff

(Mitra 1954: 4 )

(Mitra 1954: 4 )

W.T. de Bary

(de Bary 1972: 111) amen corners

bible-thumpers anti-apostasy

altar calls

P.S. Jaini)

(Jaini 1980: 84. Lamotte 1988: 65 )

Faxian/Fa-hien

11

(Beal 1869: 106)

esprit de corps

(Kitagawa

1945: 206-207)

Nattier 1991

(Oldenberg 1879-1883: i.12, 19)

4

(Blackstone 1999)

(Davids and Carpenter

1890-1911: iii.

Xuanzang Da Tang

Xiyu Ji

4

(Walleser and Kopp 1956-1973: iv.278).

12

(Li 1996: 39)

(Li 1996: 74)

(Beal 1911: 155)

bourgeoisification

(Weber 1920: 204) D.K. Chakrabarti

(Chakrabarti 1995: 260-261)

(Sarao 1989:

)

(Sarao 1989: 43)

(Weber 1920: 227)

(Sarao 1987: 67-76)

13

(Gokhale

1982: 19)

(Niyogi 1973: 539)

(Kosambi 1962: 100)

14

2

Da Tang Xiyu Ji

1,400 ( ) 10 ---

--- ---

10 --- 8 ---

>50 >2,000 3 >500

>20 >1,000 15 ---

>20 >2,000 5 ---

>10 >1,000 9 >300

>100 10,000 >200

>100 >3,000 10

>100 >10,000 50 ---

>100 70 ---

>100 >10,000 >80 ---

15

>10,000 >30 ---

>100 >5,000 --- ---

6 7 >3,000 10 ---

>50 >10,000

>10 >300 >10 ---

>20,000

>10 >1,000

10 few 01

>10 >1,000 20 ---

5 >10 ---

>10 >4,000 >20 ---

>50 >3,000 >100 ---

>100 >10,000 ---

>20 >3,000 >30

>10 > 800 >50 ---

4 >1,000 10 ---

5 >1,000 >10 ---

>20 >3,000 >50

>10 20 >3,000 100

>30 >2,000 100 ---

>10 >1,000 >50 ---

>10 >2,000 >50

>10 >1,000 >100

>100 >5,000

>10 >1,000

>100 >6,000

16

>10 3,000 ---

--- 10 >1000

>3,000 2 --- ( )

--- --- --- --- ( )

--- --- --- --- ( )

100

>200 >20 ---

--- --- --- ( )

>300 >50

1 >100 ---

1 --- ---

2

2 >100 >30 ---

2 300 5 ---

3 >700 >100

3 5 ---

5 >1,000 >100

>10 10 >500 >100

10 --- ---

>30 >3,000 >100 >10,000

--- --- >100 >10,000

17

(Sharma 1987: 27)

(Sharma 1987: 58)

(Sharma 1987: 83)

18

(IAR, 1970-71: 16; 1971-72: 23-24;

1972-73: 12; Sarao1990: 135-136, 142, 147, 149; Sharma 1987: 21, 146; Sinha and Varma 1977: 10-11; ASIR,

1935-36: 86)

(ASIR,

1904-05: 45; IAR, 1965-66: 93-94; 1974-75: 47; Sharma 1987: 66, 144; Sarao1990: 136, 148, 150-151, 158,

160-161)

(IAR, 1960-61: 18; Singh 1985: 5, 62; Sarao1990: 131-133)

Faxian/Fa-hien,

399-414 )

Xuanzang/Hieun-tsang, 629-644

(Li 1996:221)

( Li 1996: 221)

(Beal 1869: 105

(Rongxi.

1995: 87)

(Li 1996:230)

(Li 1996: 231)

(Li 1996: 279)

(Li 1996: 209)

(Li 1996: 210)

(Beal 1869: 120)

(Beal 1869: 126)

(Li 1996: 258)

(Li 1996:

297)

(Li 1996: 298)

19

(Li 1996:

293)

(Beal 1869: 85)

(Li 1996:173)

(Beal 1869: 94)

(Li

(Beal 1869: 53)

(Li 1996:122)

(Beal 1869: 73)

(Li 1996:165-166) (Beal

1869: 138) (Li 1996:136)

(Li 1996:159)

(Li 1996:156) (Beal 1869: 137)

(Li 1995: 85)

( Li 1995: 85 )

(Li 1996:195)

(Li 1996: 195)

(Li 1996:181)

(Li 1996:217)

(Li 1996:122)

(Li 1996: 124)

(Li 1996: 126-127)

(Beal 1869: 67, 69)]

(Li 1996: 136)

(Li 1996: 345)

20

(Li 1996: 344).

(Beal 1869: 70)

Songyun (Chavannes 1903: 379-395)

(Li 1995: 72)

Yijing/I-tsing 676-685

(Takakusu 1896: 65).

(

(Yang, Jan, et al 1984: 40)

(Yang, Jan, et al 1984: 42) Oukong, 751-790 )

(Lévi and Chavannes 1895: 351)

(Lévi and Chavannes 1895: 355)

( 770-810 )

(Chimpa and Chattopadhyaya 1970: 279)

(Kyanzittha)

(Stargardt 1971: 57. Shastri 1924: 311-317)

(Gāhaḍavāla king Jayaccandradeva 1170-1194

) (Mitra 1880: 78-80)

(EI.IV.1896-97.119)

( EI.XI.1911-12: 23)

(JASB.XLII, pt. 1: 314)

( Katare 1959: 1-8)

21

(1097-1324)

(Roerich 1959: 95)

(Berzin 2008) (Bakhtiyar

Khalji)

(Berzin 2008)

Umayyad

Abbasid Ghaznavid

ahl-al-kitab ahl-al-dhimmah

jizyah (Berzin 2008)

( Eaton 2000: 108)

(Eaton

2000: 108)

( ARASI, 1921-22: 20)

dPag-bsam-ljon-bzang)

(Das 1908: Index.I.i.)

22

(Mudita Bhadra) ( Vidyābhūṣaṇa 1976: 149)

Kukkuṭasiddha

(Vidyābhūṣaṇa 1976: 149)

( 1937: 18)

(Roerich 1959: 73)

(IA.XLV, 1919:

43)

(IA.XVII, 1888: 61)

(Ko 1911-12: 118-120)

(Bagchi 2008: 211. Heo 2006)

(Losty 1982: 62)

(Petech 1949: 335-38)

(Eliot 1921: 13)

(IAR, 1954-55: 20; 1973-74:

33; Sharma 1987: 58)

(Li 1996: 305)

(Li 1996:307)

(Li 1996:306)

23

Gyānasiddhi

(Patel 2007: 39) ( 736-950 )

(Tripathy1988: 241)

Vasu

(Vasu1911: 29)

( Omvedt 2003: 212)

Śūnya Saṃhitā

( Vasu 1911: 113)

(Vasu 1911: 22, 37)

(Grierson)

(Gait 1902: vi.i: 321)

(Gait 1902: vi.i: 157, 427)

(Beal 1869: 147) (Li

1996: 303) (676-685 ) (Takakusu

1896: xxxiii)

(Li 1996: 303)

IAR, 1954-55: 20; 1973-74: 33)

(Li 1996:302)

(Li 1996: 298)

(Li 1996: 303) (Li

24

1996: 303) (Li 1996:302) (Li 1996: 298) (Li 1996:303)

(DasGupta 2003: 1)

(Eaton 1993: 13)

(Huntington 1984: 155, 179, 201) R.M. Eaton

(Eaton 1993:13)

(Berzin 2008)

( Tarafdar 1965: 18-19)

Bāuls

(Niyogi 1967: 4, 19-20)

25

(Bhattacaryya 1996: 137)

Śūnya Purāṇa

“ ”

(Chand 1976: 172)

(Sen 1911: 36-37)

(Li 1996:299)

Eaton

(Eaton 1993:10)

(Kosambi 1955: 36)

detribalization

(Lahiri

1990: 166)

5

(Sarkar 1917: 228).