homemade ink from tea extract

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HOMEMADE INK FROM TEA EXTRACT ________________ An Investigatory Project Presented to Nanuri International School Taguanao, Indahag, Cagayan de Oro ________________ In Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements of Grade 10 Science ____________

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Page 1: Homemade Ink From Tea Extract

HOMEMADE INK FROM TEA EXTRACT

________________

An Investigatory Project

Presented to

Nanuri International School

Taguanao, Indahag, Cagayan de Oro

________________

In Partial Fulfillment of

The Requirements of Grade 10 Science

____________

ROHAYMA P. PANGANDAMAN

September 2015

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researcher would like to acknowledge the contributions of more

than a few people who helped in getting this study done. They are

the people who helped and contributed much for the success of this

endeavor. A warm thanks to the parents of the researcher for their

endless support and guidance. Also great thanks to the researcher’s

friends and classmates who helped. Thank you also to the

researcher’s teacher, Ms. Diosyjeanne Simyunn for teaching the

fundamental of research and investigatory writing and for showing a

great deal of patience. Most of all, to God who is the creator and

who guided the researcher in doing rightful choice in her investigatory

project. Also for the gift of wisdom, and for answering the

researcher’s prayers in times of need. Without God and the persons

who are involved in this project, this would not be successful. A

million thanks to all!

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………………………. Page 1-2

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM ……………………………………………………….. 3

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY …………………………………………………………. 3

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY ………………………………………………………………… 4

SCOPE AND LIMITATION …………………………………………………………………. 4

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ……………………………………… 5-8

CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY ………………………………………………………………… 9-11

CHAPTER IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ……………………………………………….. 11-12

CHAPTER V SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION ……………………………………………. 13

CHAPTER VI BIBLIOGRAPHY ………………………………………………………………….... 14

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CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION

“The very ink with which all history is written is merely fluid

prejudice”

Ink is such a tiny word, three letters, but it has played such

a huge part on the stage of world history. The original use for ink

was to draw and paint on the walls of caves a lasting legacy of

prehistoric man. However, its greatest impact was to spread

knowledge, in the form of the printed word, long before Johann

Gutenberg invented the printing press in Germany in the mid

fifteenth Century. Ink has been a dye since the dawn of man; early

examples were a mixture of soot from wood smoke and oil,

thickened with gelatin from animal skins and musk. There is no

definitive history of ink, ironic really, when it ink was the medium

used to preserve the archives, and historic records that tell us

much of our past.

Ink is everywhere, though we often do not notice it, it has

been used to print the labels of the food in the supermarket; it

drips, leaks, splodges, and spurts from the faulty ballpoint pen in

your pocket. Yet it has a direct impact on our everyday life, it is

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not possible to function without touching ink at least a couple of

hundred times a day.

Fraudulent acts have been come to light because of ink

analysis. Ink is a medium that has changed history, written religious

tracts that have lasted for centuries, it has revolutionized our lives.

It has recorded lives, sometimes accurately, sometimes fraudulently,

Konrad Kujau, master forger, nearly pulled off one of the greatest

frauds of the twentieth Century with his forged Hitler diaries in the

1980′s. Not many people even know the composition of ink, it must

be one of the most taken for granted substances, despite its daily

effect on our lives. How would be know which brand of cereal we

were starting the day with, without ink being used to print the

label?

All ink has the same basic task it is pigmentation or colorant

to fill the space between lines, but ink has evolved and there are

more than one type of ink. The contents of ink depend where it

comes from the main types of ink are India, Chinese and Sepia

ink. Ink has a wide range of textures and capacities. Some types of

ink are thin and very watery whilst screen printing ink is very thick.

Despite the various types and textures of ink, they are all

comprised of two components a vehicle and a colorant.

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Statement of the Problem

Generally, this investigatory project aims to find out if tea

extract can be used to create an ink. Specifically, it aims to answer

the following questions:

1. Can vinegar strengthen the color of the product, ink?

2. Can cornstarch contribute to achieving the right consistency of the

ink?

3. Are the processes boiling and straining efficient in taking the

extract out of the tea bags?

This investigatory project will help the community by producing

an alternative for other inks. These other manufactured inks

nowadays come quite expensive prices, but since the materials to

be used in this project are common and easy to find and spends

less money. Also, no harmful chemicals will be used in making the

ink. Therefore, it is non-toxic compared to commercially sold inks

which have the tendencies of causing harm to one’s health and to

the environment.

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Significance of the Study

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Purpose of the Study

This research is being done to find out the potency of the

extract of the leaves from the plant Camellis sinensis as an ink.

Nowadays, ink is a pigment in a liquid or paste form used as

colorants and dyes. Also, they are becoming more and more

expensive because of their increasing purposes.

This research aims to produce this ink as a cheaper alternative

to those commercial ones. Compared to the ink we are aiming to

create, commercially produced inks are toxic and can be hazardous

to a person’s health once there is an inappropriate contact with it.

To match with the color and consistency of other inks, we will be

adding other substances, specially vinegar and cornstarch, which are

common and easy to find.

The research and experiments are only limited to making a

simple ink as a colorant. It does not include inks that are used in

machines such as printers, copiers, etc. Also, this study includes the

effects of vinegar and cornstarch on the product. To have accurate

observations, the researcher created two set-ups: an ink without

vinegar and cornstarch and one with vinegar and cornstarch.

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Scope and Limitation 1

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CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Making Ink out of Charcoal

Charcoal, one of the earliest known forms of ink, was used as

early as 3,500 BC. The first of its use was documented in the

continent of Europe. It may be a primitive to these modern times

but still very useable for those who want to try it . The recipe of

making it however is similar to those inks made by ancient

civilizations such as the ink used by the Ancient Egyptians. This

study is made to make charcoal ink as a statement to the increase

of those in the Philippines who are experiencing poverty. Since the

materials being used was very cheap and easy to acquire and this

will help make a substitute for pens and other writing materials. The

procedure itself is also very basic and is moderately easy to make

as long as the guidelines is followed correctly to provide a

satisfying ink. According to UKAgriculture.com, people have been

making and using charcoal since about 3,500 BC because it

burns cleanly and efficiently. Charcoal has many uses, from

smelting copper to making ink. (Dulfo, Ortega and Gaspacho et. al,

2008)

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Alugbati Seed’s Juice as Marker Ink

The main objective of the researcher is to make a unique and

extraordinary experiment that will discover new knowledge about the

uses of different substance which has not been known useful. In

making this one-of-a-kind experiment, different minds, skills,

knowledge and efforts combined to produce the product. This product

will benefit each and every individual in different way and uses. The

researchers chose to make ink in order to supply ink due to

scarcity of inks of markers. And also to save a lot of money for its

cheaper than the usual ink which is being sold in the market and it

is safer for the substance used in making the ink is not chemical

unlike those in markets with chemicals on it. The researcher come

up with a plan of making Alugbati ink as a substitute for the

scarcity of supply on ink in today’s society. (Almonte, P. Atienza and

Miranda et. al, 2008)

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India Ink

India ink (or Indian ink in British English) is a simple black ink

once widely used for writing and printing and now more commonly

used for drawing, especially when inking comic books and comic

strips. India ink is also used in medical applications. (Wikipedia).

India ink has been in use in India since at least the 4 th century

BC, where it was called masi, an admixture of several substances.

Indian documents written in Kharoshi with this ink have been

unearthed in as far as Xinjiang, China. The practice of writing with

ink and a sharp-pointed needle in Tamil and other Dravidian

languages was common practice since antiquity in South India, and

so several ancient Buddhist and Jain scripts in India were compiled

in ink. In India, the carbon black from which India ink is formulated

was obtained indigenously by burning bones, tar, pitch and other

substances. (Dr. Bombay P. et. al ,2007)

The Potential of Banana Sap Dye

A study was carried out to explore the potential of banana sap

as a dye for the Adinkra industy in Ghana. Pseudostem extract of

banana and stem bark extract of Brideliamicratha were compared as

dyeing stuff. A consumer preference study was also conducted to

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assess the acceptability of the products developed. The results

revealed that a combination of banana sap and B. micratha dye

ensures a high levelness on fabrics. It also showed that banana

sap could serve as a good mordant. The result on consumer

acceptability showed that produce from 50% by volume of banana

sap and 50% of B. micratha recorded a good acceptance by

manufacturersThe sensivity of browning differs between cultivars

(Jayaraman, et al.., 1983). It is a common phenomenon to get your

dress stained with banana sap when your work on the plantation.

The stain is often permanent and cannot be removed by any

detergent or soap. It is evident that the staining does not often

appear but becomes conspicuous when the fabric is washed with

water. This characteristic shows that the sap has the potential as a

dyestuff. As dyestuff, the molecule of banana sap is able to adhere

to cloth that makes it stain very well. The use of banana sap as a

cloth dye is eco-friendly. Nowadays, people are consiuosly concern

about their health and the environment, so they require safe and

healthy product (Ali et al, 2008). With the use of synthetic dyes, during

hydrolysis or a redox reduction, some arylamine compounds,

carcinogic or allergic to human beings are released (Bhattacharya, et

al 1992)

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CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY

Materials:

● 7 teabags

● 1 ½ cups of water

● 1 tablespoon of vinegar

● ½ cup Cornstarch

● Strainer and fork

● Bottle

Procedure:

Place the 7 teabags in 1 ½ cups of boiling water.

Create the tea for 6-8 minutes

Remove the teabags from the boiling water. Use a strainer and a

fork to remove all the extracts.

While stirring the tea, add a tablespoon of vinegar.

Continue to stir it. Add as much dissolved cornstarch as you need

to have your desired consistency.

Remove it from the heat and let it cool. When done, store in a

bottle

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Set-Up B

Controlled Set-up

Materials:

● 7 teabags

● 1 ½ cups of water

● 1 tablespoon of vinegar

● ½ cup cornstarch

● Strainer and fork

● Bottle

PROCEDURE

Place the 7 teabags in 1 ½ cups of boiling water.

Create the tea for 6-8 minutes

Result of Set-up A

Figure 1

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Remove the teabags from the boiling water. Use a strainer and a

fork to remove all the extracts.

Remove it from the heat and let it cool. When done, store in a

bottle.

CHAPTER IV: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

During the procedure itself, the researcher observed that the

boiling is an effective process of extraction. Right after the

researcher has placed the teabags in the boiling water, the change

of color is very noticeable. During this step the mixture had a very

strong smell form the tea. While following the procedures for the

set-up A which included the placing of vinegar, there was no

immediate change in color as expected. Instead, the vinegar’s effect

was seen when the researcher tried to paint the two Inks on paper.

Result of Set-up B

Figure 2

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While applying the ink on paper, it was harder to use Ink B

because it’s consistency was very watery. Thus it became runny

and scattered unlike ink A.

After letting them dry, it was seen that ink A had darker color

while ink Bs writings faded. The addition of vinegar and cornstarch

in making an ink can result to a thicker consistency and consistent

color which is better for the usage of the ink. The observation prove

that adding vinegar to the mixture can be made into an ink because

without the vinegar there would be no consistency on the mixture

and it will be less seen.

Figure 3

Results

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CHAPTER V: SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

There are many different kinds of ink. In our experiments we

will use tea bags as the main component of ink. Having two

different set-ups will provide the chance to compare the colors and

consistencies. Cornstarch is an efficient additive to have the right

consistency of the product. Vinegar is also efficient, though there is

no obvious change in color, it was seen that it gave the ink a

consistent color whether were dry.

It is therefore concluded the one can create an improvised ink

using the extract from tea bags. This will be very convenient and

cheap because the ingredients to be used are commonly found

around the house. Also, the said processes, boiling and straining,

are can be easily done.

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CHAPTER VI: BIBLIOGRAPHY

Almonte, P. Atienza and Miranda et. al, 2008 – Alugbati ink as

substitute for the scarcity supply on ink in today’s society

Bhattacharya, et al 1992- The use of synthetic dyes, during hydrolysis

Dr. Bombay P. et. al ,2007- India ink has been in use in India since at

least the 4th centur BC

Dulfo, Ortega and Gaspacho et. al, 2008- Charcoal has many uses,

from smelting copper to making ink.

Jayaraman, et al.., 1983- Analysis of banana sap using (HPLC-ESI-MS)

indicated the presence of phenolic and aromatic compounds

Wikipedia- India ink

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