homemade ink from tea extract
TRANSCRIPT
HOMEMADE INK FROM TEA EXTRACT
________________
An Investigatory Project
Presented to
Nanuri International School
Taguanao, Indahag, Cagayan de Oro
________________
In Partial Fulfillment of
The Requirements of Grade 10 Science
____________
ROHAYMA P. PANGANDAMAN
September 2015
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The researcher would like to acknowledge the contributions of more
than a few people who helped in getting this study done. They are
the people who helped and contributed much for the success of this
endeavor. A warm thanks to the parents of the researcher for their
endless support and guidance. Also great thanks to the researcher’s
friends and classmates who helped. Thank you also to the
researcher’s teacher, Ms. Diosyjeanne Simyunn for teaching the
fundamental of research and investigatory writing and for showing a
great deal of patience. Most of all, to God who is the creator and
who guided the researcher in doing rightful choice in her investigatory
project. Also for the gift of wisdom, and for answering the
researcher’s prayers in times of need. Without God and the persons
who are involved in this project, this would not be successful. A
million thanks to all!
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………………………. Page 1-2
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM ……………………………………………………….. 3
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY …………………………………………………………. 3
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY ………………………………………………………………… 4
SCOPE AND LIMITATION …………………………………………………………………. 4
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ……………………………………… 5-8
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY ………………………………………………………………… 9-11
CHAPTER IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ……………………………………………….. 11-12
CHAPTER V SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION ……………………………………………. 13
CHAPTER VI BIBLIOGRAPHY ………………………………………………………………….... 14
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CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
“The very ink with which all history is written is merely fluid
prejudice”
Ink is such a tiny word, three letters, but it has played such
a huge part on the stage of world history. The original use for ink
was to draw and paint on the walls of caves a lasting legacy of
prehistoric man. However, its greatest impact was to spread
knowledge, in the form of the printed word, long before Johann
Gutenberg invented the printing press in Germany in the mid
fifteenth Century. Ink has been a dye since the dawn of man; early
examples were a mixture of soot from wood smoke and oil,
thickened with gelatin from animal skins and musk. There is no
definitive history of ink, ironic really, when it ink was the medium
used to preserve the archives, and historic records that tell us
much of our past.
Ink is everywhere, though we often do not notice it, it has
been used to print the labels of the food in the supermarket; it
drips, leaks, splodges, and spurts from the faulty ballpoint pen in
your pocket. Yet it has a direct impact on our everyday life, it is
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not possible to function without touching ink at least a couple of
hundred times a day.
Fraudulent acts have been come to light because of ink
analysis. Ink is a medium that has changed history, written religious
tracts that have lasted for centuries, it has revolutionized our lives.
It has recorded lives, sometimes accurately, sometimes fraudulently,
Konrad Kujau, master forger, nearly pulled off one of the greatest
frauds of the twentieth Century with his forged Hitler diaries in the
1980′s. Not many people even know the composition of ink, it must
be one of the most taken for granted substances, despite its daily
effect on our lives. How would be know which brand of cereal we
were starting the day with, without ink being used to print the
label?
All ink has the same basic task it is pigmentation or colorant
to fill the space between lines, but ink has evolved and there are
more than one type of ink. The contents of ink depend where it
comes from the main types of ink are India, Chinese and Sepia
ink. Ink has a wide range of textures and capacities. Some types of
ink are thin and very watery whilst screen printing ink is very thick.
Despite the various types and textures of ink, they are all
comprised of two components a vehicle and a colorant.
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Statement of the Problem
Generally, this investigatory project aims to find out if tea
extract can be used to create an ink. Specifically, it aims to answer
the following questions:
1. Can vinegar strengthen the color of the product, ink?
2. Can cornstarch contribute to achieving the right consistency of the
ink?
3. Are the processes boiling and straining efficient in taking the
extract out of the tea bags?
This investigatory project will help the community by producing
an alternative for other inks. These other manufactured inks
nowadays come quite expensive prices, but since the materials to
be used in this project are common and easy to find and spends
less money. Also, no harmful chemicals will be used in making the
ink. Therefore, it is non-toxic compared to commercially sold inks
which have the tendencies of causing harm to one’s health and to
the environment.
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Significance of the Study
Purpose of the Study
This research is being done to find out the potency of the
extract of the leaves from the plant Camellis sinensis as an ink.
Nowadays, ink is a pigment in a liquid or paste form used as
colorants and dyes. Also, they are becoming more and more
expensive because of their increasing purposes.
This research aims to produce this ink as a cheaper alternative
to those commercial ones. Compared to the ink we are aiming to
create, commercially produced inks are toxic and can be hazardous
to a person’s health once there is an inappropriate contact with it.
To match with the color and consistency of other inks, we will be
adding other substances, specially vinegar and cornstarch, which are
common and easy to find.
The research and experiments are only limited to making a
simple ink as a colorant. It does not include inks that are used in
machines such as printers, copiers, etc. Also, this study includes the
effects of vinegar and cornstarch on the product. To have accurate
observations, the researcher created two set-ups: an ink without
vinegar and cornstarch and one with vinegar and cornstarch.
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Scope and Limitation 1
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Making Ink out of Charcoal
Charcoal, one of the earliest known forms of ink, was used as
early as 3,500 BC. The first of its use was documented in the
continent of Europe. It may be a primitive to these modern times
but still very useable for those who want to try it . The recipe of
making it however is similar to those inks made by ancient
civilizations such as the ink used by the Ancient Egyptians. This
study is made to make charcoal ink as a statement to the increase
of those in the Philippines who are experiencing poverty. Since the
materials being used was very cheap and easy to acquire and this
will help make a substitute for pens and other writing materials. The
procedure itself is also very basic and is moderately easy to make
as long as the guidelines is followed correctly to provide a
satisfying ink. According to UKAgriculture.com, people have been
making and using charcoal since about 3,500 BC because it
burns cleanly and efficiently. Charcoal has many uses, from
smelting copper to making ink. (Dulfo, Ortega and Gaspacho et. al,
2008)
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Alugbati Seed’s Juice as Marker Ink
The main objective of the researcher is to make a unique and
extraordinary experiment that will discover new knowledge about the
uses of different substance which has not been known useful. In
making this one-of-a-kind experiment, different minds, skills,
knowledge and efforts combined to produce the product. This product
will benefit each and every individual in different way and uses. The
researchers chose to make ink in order to supply ink due to
scarcity of inks of markers. And also to save a lot of money for its
cheaper than the usual ink which is being sold in the market and it
is safer for the substance used in making the ink is not chemical
unlike those in markets with chemicals on it. The researcher come
up with a plan of making Alugbati ink as a substitute for the
scarcity of supply on ink in today’s society. (Almonte, P. Atienza and
Miranda et. al, 2008)
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India Ink
India ink (or Indian ink in British English) is a simple black ink
once widely used for writing and printing and now more commonly
used for drawing, especially when inking comic books and comic
strips. India ink is also used in medical applications. (Wikipedia).
India ink has been in use in India since at least the 4 th century
BC, where it was called masi, an admixture of several substances.
Indian documents written in Kharoshi with this ink have been
unearthed in as far as Xinjiang, China. The practice of writing with
ink and a sharp-pointed needle in Tamil and other Dravidian
languages was common practice since antiquity in South India, and
so several ancient Buddhist and Jain scripts in India were compiled
in ink. In India, the carbon black from which India ink is formulated
was obtained indigenously by burning bones, tar, pitch and other
substances. (Dr. Bombay P. et. al ,2007)
The Potential of Banana Sap Dye
A study was carried out to explore the potential of banana sap
as a dye for the Adinkra industy in Ghana. Pseudostem extract of
banana and stem bark extract of Brideliamicratha were compared as
dyeing stuff. A consumer preference study was also conducted to
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assess the acceptability of the products developed. The results
revealed that a combination of banana sap and B. micratha dye
ensures a high levelness on fabrics. It also showed that banana
sap could serve as a good mordant. The result on consumer
acceptability showed that produce from 50% by volume of banana
sap and 50% of B. micratha recorded a good acceptance by
manufacturersThe sensivity of browning differs between cultivars
(Jayaraman, et al.., 1983). It is a common phenomenon to get your
dress stained with banana sap when your work on the plantation.
The stain is often permanent and cannot be removed by any
detergent or soap. It is evident that the staining does not often
appear but becomes conspicuous when the fabric is washed with
water. This characteristic shows that the sap has the potential as a
dyestuff. As dyestuff, the molecule of banana sap is able to adhere
to cloth that makes it stain very well. The use of banana sap as a
cloth dye is eco-friendly. Nowadays, people are consiuosly concern
about their health and the environment, so they require safe and
healthy product (Ali et al, 2008). With the use of synthetic dyes, during
hydrolysis or a redox reduction, some arylamine compounds,
carcinogic or allergic to human beings are released (Bhattacharya, et
al 1992)
CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY
Materials:
● 7 teabags
● 1 ½ cups of water
● 1 tablespoon of vinegar
● ½ cup Cornstarch
● Strainer and fork
● Bottle
Procedure:
Place the 7 teabags in 1 ½ cups of boiling water.
Create the tea for 6-8 minutes
Remove the teabags from the boiling water. Use a strainer and a
fork to remove all the extracts.
While stirring the tea, add a tablespoon of vinegar.
Continue to stir it. Add as much dissolved cornstarch as you need
to have your desired consistency.
Remove it from the heat and let it cool. When done, store in a
bottle
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Set-Up B
Controlled Set-up
Materials:
● 7 teabags
● 1 ½ cups of water
● 1 tablespoon of vinegar
● ½ cup cornstarch
● Strainer and fork
● Bottle
PROCEDURE
Place the 7 teabags in 1 ½ cups of boiling water.
Create the tea for 6-8 minutes
Result of Set-up A
Figure 1
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Remove the teabags from the boiling water. Use a strainer and a
fork to remove all the extracts.
Remove it from the heat and let it cool. When done, store in a
bottle.
CHAPTER IV: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
During the procedure itself, the researcher observed that the
boiling is an effective process of extraction. Right after the
researcher has placed the teabags in the boiling water, the change
of color is very noticeable. During this step the mixture had a very
strong smell form the tea. While following the procedures for the
set-up A which included the placing of vinegar, there was no
immediate change in color as expected. Instead, the vinegar’s effect
was seen when the researcher tried to paint the two Inks on paper.
Result of Set-up B
Figure 2
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While applying the ink on paper, it was harder to use Ink B
because it’s consistency was very watery. Thus it became runny
and scattered unlike ink A.
After letting them dry, it was seen that ink A had darker color
while ink Bs writings faded. The addition of vinegar and cornstarch
in making an ink can result to a thicker consistency and consistent
color which is better for the usage of the ink. The observation prove
that adding vinegar to the mixture can be made into an ink because
without the vinegar there would be no consistency on the mixture
and it will be less seen.
Figure 3
Results
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CHAPTER V: SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
There are many different kinds of ink. In our experiments we
will use tea bags as the main component of ink. Having two
different set-ups will provide the chance to compare the colors and
consistencies. Cornstarch is an efficient additive to have the right
consistency of the product. Vinegar is also efficient, though there is
no obvious change in color, it was seen that it gave the ink a
consistent color whether were dry.
It is therefore concluded the one can create an improvised ink
using the extract from tea bags. This will be very convenient and
cheap because the ingredients to be used are commonly found
around the house. Also, the said processes, boiling and straining,
are can be easily done.
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CHAPTER VI: BIBLIOGRAPHY
Almonte, P. Atienza and Miranda et. al, 2008 – Alugbati ink as
substitute for the scarcity supply on ink in today’s society
Bhattacharya, et al 1992- The use of synthetic dyes, during hydrolysis
Dr. Bombay P. et. al ,2007- India ink has been in use in India since at
least the 4th centur BC
Dulfo, Ortega and Gaspacho et. al, 2008- Charcoal has many uses,
from smelting copper to making ink.
Jayaraman, et al.., 1983- Analysis of banana sap using (HPLC-ESI-MS)
indicated the presence of phenolic and aromatic compounds
Wikipedia- India ink
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