homer loeb 171 iliad ii books 13-24

THE LOEB CLASSICAL LIBRARYFOUNDED BY JAMES LOEB, LL.D.

EDITED BY

T. E. PAGE, C.H., LITT.I).

E. CAPPS, PH.D., LL.D. W. H. D. ROUSE, LITT.D.

HOMERTHE I L I A D

II

HOMERTHE I L I A D

WITH AN ENGLISH TRANSLATION

A. T. MURRAY, PH.D.PHOFESSOR OF CLASSICAL LITERATURE, STANFORD UNIVERSITY,

CALIFORNIA

II

CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS

HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESSLONDON

W I L L I A M H E I N E M A N N LTDMOM XXXIV

First published 1925Reprinted 1929, 1934

490885

Printed in Great Britain

TO MY CHILDREN

CONTENTS OF VOLUME IIfAOK

BOOK XIII. 2

BOOK XIV. . 66

BOOK X V . . . . . . . . 1 0 6

BOOK XVI. . . . . . . . 1 6 4

BOOK XVII . 230

BOOK XVIII . . . . . . . 2 8 8

BOOK XIX . 336

BOOK X X . . . . . , „ . 3 7 0

BOOK XXI. . . . . . . . 4 0 8

BOOK XXII. . 454

BOOK XXIII. . . . . . . 4 9 4

BOOK XXIV. . . . . . . 5 6 2

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES * • * » 625

VOL. II

IAIAAOS Nrr \ o> > \ f rp « / \ I/T-IZen? o cTret ow Ipcua? re /cat Jii/cTopa

TreXaacre,rovs p-ev e'a Trapa. rfjai TTOVOV T* eê//,ev «:ai

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Oi)8' aXaoaKOTTLrjv etê Kpeicov evoorixdcDV 10/cat yap o davp.d^cav âro TrroXefJiov re (JLaxyv revtfjov CTT' a.Kpordrirjs KOpv<f>fjs SctjLtou vXrjeacrrjs@pr)'iKir)s- evdev yap efiaivero rtaaa fj,ev "ISr],(f>aiv€To 8e Il/aia/xoio TroAt? /cat vês 'AâicSv.> / / i > ) / > » > >> t \ \ wy > ) / > \ / O > > A ^ l weve/ ap o y eg aAo? et,€T tcov, eAeatpe o Aâtou? 15Tpajcrii' Sapvafievovs , Ait Se Kparepcos eve/êcrcra.

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1 6 7' : £T' Aristophanes.2

THE ILIADBOOK XIII

Now Zeus, when he had brought the Trojans andHector to the ships, left the combatants there tohave toil and woe unceasingly, but himself turnedaway his bright eyes, and looked afar, upon the landof the Thracian horsemen, and of the Mysians thatfight in close combat, and of the lordly Hippemolgithat drink the milk of mares, and of the Abii, themost righteous of men. To Troy he no longer inany wise turned his bright eyes, for he deemed notin his heart that any of the immortals would drawnigh to aid either Trojans or Danaans.

But the lord, the Shaker of Earth, kept no blindwatch, for he sat marvelling at the war and the battle,high on the topmost peak of wooded Samothrace, forfrom thence all Ida was plain to see ; and plain tosee were the city of Priam, and the ships of theAchaeans. There he sat, being come forth fromthe sea, and he had pity on the Achaeans that theywere overcome by the Trojans, and against Zeus washe mightily wroth.

Forthwith then he went down from the ruggedmount, striding forth with swift footsteps, and thehigh mountains trembled and the woodland beneaththe immortal feet of Poseidon as he went. Thricehe strode in his course, and with the fourth stride he

HOMER

Aiya?, ev6a Se ot /cAura Sto/xara flXpvoea fjiap/jbaipovra Terewârat, d(f)6ira alei.ev6' eXOd>v VTT' oêaî TirvaKero âA/comiS' ITTTTO),

a, ^pvaeyaiv eOeipymv KOfjiocovre,

S' auroj e'Suve Trept X/>o^ yevro 8' IpdaOX'rjv 25CVTVKTOV, €ov 8' Im^TjcreTO 8t<^pou,

8' eAaav evrt /cu/xar'4 araAAe Se ACT^TC' UTT' aurou

yr}Qoavvr\ 8e ddXacrcra Suararo' roi Se nirovro

pifjiâ /ictA', ovS' V7T€V€pQe StatVero âAwreos1 a£o)V, 30TOV 8* e? 'AâtcDv vâs1 €v0Kap0fj,oi (frepov LTTTTOL.

"Ecrn Se rt crirtos evpv ftadeirjs fievOeaL

p,eaa"r]'yvs Teve'Soio Kat "I/z^Spou&>& ITTTTOVS earrjae Hocreibdajv evXvcras e'f dêaiv, Trapa 8' a^poaiov fiaXev etSap 35

t Se Troaal Tre'Sa? e)8aAedXvrovs, o(f>p* e/i7re8ov awava/cra* o S' e? orparov aj

Tpaie? 8e Âoyl tcrot aoAAe'e? ê"E/cropt HpiajLttS^ a/Aorov /xe/zacoTes1 CTTOVTO, 40

f €\TTOVTO 8e vâj 'Aâtaii/, Kreveew Se Trap' avrodi Trdvras dpiarovs.1

aAAa HocretSacuv yaiiôô? ewocrtyato?'Apyetou? airpuve, ^SaêiTj? e' - aAo? e'A^cov,eiCTa/Aevos1 KaAâvrt Se^ta? /cat areipe'a <f>(jDvrjV* 45At'avrc TTptoTO) 7rpt>a€(f>r], ê//-aa)Te /cai

1 apterous 'Axatoyj.4

THE ILIAD, XIII. 21-46

reached his goal, even Aegae, where was his famouspalace builded in the depths of the mere, goldenand gleaming, imperishable for ever. Thither camehe, and let harness beneath his car his two bronze-hooved horses, swift of flight, with flowing manes ofgold ; and with gold he clad himself about his body,and grasped the well-wrought whip of gold, andstepped upon his car, and set out to drive over thewaves. Then gambolled the sea-beasts beneath himon every side from out the deeps, for well they knewtheir lord, and in gladness the sea parted beforehim ; right swiftly sped they on, and the axle ofbronze was not wetted beneath ; and unto the shipsof the Achaeans did the prancing steeds bear theirlord.

There is a wide cavern in the depths of the deepmere, midway between Tenedos and rugged Imbros.There Poseidon,the Shaker of Earth, stayed his horses,and loosed them from the car, and cast before themfood ambrosial to graze upon, and about their feet heput hobbles of gold, neither to be broken nor loosed,that they might abide fast where they were againstthe return of their lord ; and himself he went to thehost of the Achaeans.

But the Trojans, all in one body, like flame ortempest-blast were following furiously after Hector,son of Priam, with loud shouts and cries, and theydeemed that they would take the ships of theAchaeans, and slay thereby all the bravest. How-beit Poseidon, the Enfolder and Shaker of Earth,set him to urge on the Argives, when he had comeforth from the deep sea, in the likeness of Calchas,both in form and untiring voice. To the two Aiantesspake he first, that were of themselves full eager :

HOMER

" Atavre, a(f>a) fj,ev re outocreTe Xaov 'dXf<rj$ /AViqcrafJievaj, [j,r]8e Kpvepolo (/>o/?oto.

aAXr) fjiev yap eya) y ov Sei'Sta X€Was ddiTpwcw, 01 fjueya retô? VTrepKaTeflycrav o/uAar 50(.ôvcriv yet/) Trdvras evwrj/juftes 'Aâiot-rfj Se §^ alvorarov vre/oiSetSia \ir^ rt irfj yo' o y' o AvaawSys <j)\oyl ewceAo? y"EiKTCop, os Ato? euêr' epiodeveos Trd'Cs elvai.a(f»oj'Cv 8' c58e dewv Tt? ert (f>p€<ri Tronycretev 55

6* eardfAevai Kparepa>s Kal dvajyepev aAAous"/ce /cat eaav/Jievov Trep epwrjcraiT O.TTO vrjaJv

el Kai fjiiv 'QXvfjmios avTos eyeipei."*H, /cat cr/cT^Travia) yatôô? evvoaiyaios

dôrepat KeKOTTcbs irX-fjaev fjueveos KparepoTo, 60yuta Se drJKev eXa<f)pd, TroSa? /cat êtpa? VTrepOev.avTos 8' w? T' t/o'Jj^ <*>KV7TT€pos a>pTo TTerzadai,os pd T' aTr' dlyiXnros Trerprjs TTepLfArJKeos dpdelsop/Jiijcrr) TreStoto Staj/cetv opveov aAAo,co? aTTo rcDv ^'fê nocretSacov €voal~)(d<av. ®&rouv 8' eyvca -npocrOev 'OtAô? ra^y? Ata?,atJâ 8' ap' Ai'avra Trpoaecf)^ TeXafJicoviov vlov" A.lav, errei rts vote 9ea>v, ot "QXvp,7Tovjj,dvT€L elSoêvos /ceAerat Trapd vrjvaiouS* o ye KaAâ? eart, deorrpoTros oiwviarrjs't^rta yap jueroTrtCTê vroScDi/ i}8e /cv^/zacovpet' eyvojv dmovros' dpiyvcoroi 8e êot ?rep—Kat 8' e/zot aura) dvfjios evl cmijdecKnjtiaAAoi/ eô/)ju,arat TroAe/zt'êti' i^Se

8' evepQe TroSe? /cat êtpes1 VTrepOe." 75


" Ye Aiantes twain, ye two shall save the host ofthe Achaeans, if ye are mindful of your might, andthink not of chill rout. Not otherwhere do I dreadthe invincible hands of the Trojans that have climbedover the great wall in their multitude, for the well-greaved Achaeans will hold back all ; nay it is herethat I have wondrous dread lest some evil befall us,here where yon madman is leading on like a flameof fire, even Hector, that boasts him to be a son ofmighty Zeus. But in the hearts of you twain maysome god put it, here to stand firm yourselves, andto bid others do the like ; so might ye drive him backfrom the swift-faring ships, despite his eagerness,aye, even though the Olympian himself be urginghim on."

Therewith the Enfolder and Shaker of Earth smotethe twain with his staff, and filled them with valorousstrength and made their limbs light, their feet andtheir hands above. And himself, even as a hawk,swift of flight, speedeth forth to fly, and poisinghimself aloft above a high sheer rock, darteth overthe plain to chase some other bird ; even so fromthem sped Poseidon, the Shaker of Earth. And ofthe twain swift Aias, son of Oi'leus, was first to markthe god, and forthwith spake to Aias, son of Telamon :" Aias, seeing it is one of the gods who hold Olympusthat in the likeness of the seer biddeth the two ofus fight beside the ships—not Calchas is he, theprophet, and reader of omens, for easily did I knowthe tokens behind him of feet and of legs as hewent from us ; and plain to be known are the gods—lo, mine own heart also within my breast is themore eager to war and do battle, and my feetbeneath and my hands above are full fain."

HOMER

Tov S' a7Ta/j,€L^6/Ji€vos rrpooefir) TeXafjiwvios Ata?'' ovrto vvv KOI eîot Ttepl Sovpan Xe^P€S danroL

, KaC [AOL pevos atpope, vepde Se iroaolvd/J,(j)OTepoicri' fj,evoivo)aj Se /cat oto?n/ata/xt'S^ a/zorov /ze/^tacDrt pidêadai." 80

O6 /xev roiaura TTyoo? aAAÂou? ayo/oet»ov,yr]Boavvoi, rrjv a(f)iv 6eos e/Aj8aAe

r6(f)pa Se TOU? OTTiOev yaiijoxos atpaev01 rrapa vrjvcri, dofjcrw dveiftvxov <j)LXovrwv p" a'jU,ct T' apyaAea) /ca/icxra) <î'Aa yyta Ae'Ayvro, 85Kat crîv aô? /cara 6v/Jt,6v eyiyvero SepKopevoiaiTpo)a?, rot jtieya Tetô? inrepKareâav O[J,iXa).TOVS OL y* €icrop6a>VT€$ VTT" 6(j)pvai 8a,Kpva Aei/Sovou yap €<f)av (f)€v£ecrda.L VTTZK KO.KOV. aAA' evoai^Qouvpeta pereiad/JLevos Kparepds orpvve ^cxAayyasr. 90

e'm Trpa)Tov KCLL ATJITOV rjXde KeXevaiV6' rjpuja Qoavrd re ^rfiTrvpov re

T6 Kal !'AvTiXoôv, fjLrjarcDpas dvrrjs'TOVS 6 y €7TOTpvva)v errea TTrepoevra rrpoarjvSa*

co?, 'Apyetot, Kovpoi j/eof v/Jifjav eya) ye 95TreTroida aaatcreêvai vea? d/xas"

et S' u/xets" 7roAe)u-oio pedrjaere XevyaXeoio,vvv Srj et'Serat 7^/xap UTTO Tpweaoi, 8afjLrjvat.a) TTOTTOI, r\ [j,eya Qav/na roS' o<f)daXfj,otaLV opojfiat,Sewov, o ov TTOT' eyco ye reXevrrjcreodai ecfxnaKov, 100TpcSa? e^' rj/jberepas livai veos, ol TO -ndpos "nep<f)vE,aKivfjs eXd<f>oicriv eoiKeaav, at re fca#' u'A^v6wcov TrapSaXicov re XVKCOV T' ^'t'a TreAovrai


Then in answer spake to him Telamonian Aias :" Even so too mine own hands invincible are fainnow to grasp the spear, and my might is roused, andboth my feet are swift beneath me ; and I am eagerto meet even in single fight Hector, Priam's son,that rageth incessantly."

On this wise spake they one to the other, rejoicingin the fury of fight which the god put in their hearts ;and meanwhile the Enfolder of Earth roused theAchaeans that were in the rear beside the swift ships,and were refreshing their hearts. Their limbs wereloosed by their grievous toil and therewithal sorrowwaxed in their hearts, as they beheld the Trojansthat had climbed over the great wall in their multi-tude. Aye, as they looked upon these they let tearsfall from beneath their brows, for they deemed notthat they should escape from ruin. But the Shakerof Earth, lightly passing among them, aroused theirstrong battalions. To Teucer first he came and toLei'tus, to bid them on, and to the warrior Peneleos,and Thoas and Dei'pyrus, and Meriones and Anti-lochus, masters of the war-cry ; to these he spake,spurring them on with winged words : " Shame, yeArgives, mere striplings ! It was in your fightingthat I trusted for the saving of our ships ; but if yeare to flinch from grievous war, then of a suretyhath the day now dawned for us to be vanquishedbeneath the Trojans. Out upon it ! Verily a greatmarvel is this that mine eyes behold, a dread thingthat I deemed should never be brought to pass : theTrojans are making way against our ships, theythat heretofore were like panic-stricken hinds thatin the woodland become the prey of jackals andpards and wolves, as they wander vainly in their

HOMER

CXUTCO? rjAdaKovaai dWA/ctSes1, ouS' eVrta>S Tpa>6S TO irpiv ye [J,€vos /cat êtpa? 'Amateur 105fj,Lfj,veLV OVK edeXeaKov evavriov, 01)8' rfiaiovvvv Se IKOLS TroXios KoiAr)? enl vrjvalr/yefjiovos KaKorrjTL [Jifdrjôavvrjai re \aa>v,OL K€iva) epiaavres dfj,vv€[j,€v OVK edeXovcriVf]GiV (JUKVTTOpCDV, ttAAo, KT€LVOVTO,t, dl>' aUTCt?. 110

dAA' €i Srj /cat TrdfATTav er^rvpov CUTIOS earivvjpcos 'ArpetSrjs, evpv Kpeicov 'owe/c' dTrrjTifJLrjcre TroSco/cearjp,€as y' ou TTCO? ecrri /ue^tejitevataAA* dK6U)fj,e9a Odaaov aKrecrrai rot ^peVe? ea9Aa>v, 115

Ts S' oi)/cert KaAa. jLteîere Oovpiftos aA/c^?dpicrroi eoVre? am arparov. ouS' av eya> ye

dvSyot /zaêCTCTatjU-^f o? rt? ?roAe)uoto êdeiÂvypos €a>v Vfuv Se ve/zeacrcD/xai Trept /c^pt.60 7T€TTOV€S, Ttt^tt 817 Tl KO.KOV 7TOirj(T€T6 fJ,€i£,OV 120

TTjSe fj,€0r]fj,ocrvvr)' aAA' er ^pecrt 6eade €KaarosaiSai /cat V€fj,eatv' Brj yap //.e'ya vei/co? opojpev."E/crtop ST^ Trapa vrjval fiorjv dyados 7roAe/>u£eiKaprepos, epprjêi' 8e TruAa? /cat p:a/cpov d%â."

"Qs1 /oa /ceAeimoan' yanjoôs1 a>pcrev 'Aâtous1. 125a/z0t 8' ap' AtWra? Sotou? tcn-ayro â/caprepat, a? OUT' aV Kev "Aprj? dvocratroovre K* 'Adyvalrj AaoCTcrdos" ot yap apicrroi

TpcDa? Te /cat "E/cropa 8tov e/xip:voi'>

1 The reference is plainly to Achilles ; but it will benoted that Poseidon speaks as one of the Greek host, andthe implication is that Achilles might perhaps accept fromthe collective Greeks what he had refused to accept fromAgamemnon. C/. xvi. 85, where 7r/>6s n-avrwi' Acu'cuD? is tobe similarly interpreted.10


cowardice, nor is there any fight in them. Even sothe Trojans aforetime had never the heart to abideand face the might and the hands of the Achaeans,no not for a moment. But lo, now far from the citythey are fighting at the hollow ships because of thebaseness of our leader and the slackness of the folk,that, being at strife with him, have no heart todefend the swift-faring ships, but are slain in themidst of them. But if in very truth the warrior sonof Atreus, wide-ruling Agamemnon, is the cause ofall, for that he wrought dishonour on the swift-footed son of Peleus, yet may we in no wise proveslack in war. Nay, let us atone for the fault withspeed : the hearts of good men admit of atonement.1

But it is no longer well that ye are slack in furiousvalour, all ye that are the best men in the host.Myself I would not quarrel with one that was slackin war, so he were but a sorry wight, but with youI am exceeding wroth at heart. Ye weaklings, soonye shall cause yet greater evil by this slackness.Nay, take in your hearts, each man of you, shameand indignation ; for in good sooth mighty is theconflict that has arisen. Hector, good at the war-cry, is fighting at the ships, strong in his might,and hath broken the gates and the long bar."

Thus did the Earth-enfolder arouse the Achaeanswith his word of command, and round about thetwain Aiantes their battalions took their stand, sostrong in might, that not Ares might have entered inand made light of them, nor yet Athene, the rouserof hosts ; for they that were the chosen bravestabode the onset of the Trojans and goodly Hector,

11

HOMER

86pv Soupt, craKos cra/cei TrpoOeXv/JiVcp' 130ap' dcrm'S' epetSe, /copy? Kopvv, dvepa. 8' dvTjp'

t/tavov 8' ITTTTOKOÔL Kopvdes Aap^Trpoicri (f)dXoiai, cos TTVKvol €(j)€aTaaav dAAÂoicrii',

TTTvaaovTo 6paaet,dcov CLTTO %€(,pu)Vot 8' tû? fipoveov, ê/zaaav Se juaêcrât. 135

T/ocDe? 8e Trpovrvt/jav doXXees, tfpxe 8' ap'dvTLKpv fj,€[j,aa)s, o\ooLrpo-ôs a>s O.TTOov re /cara crreâvTj? 7rora/z.o? êt/xappoo?

dcTTrera) opfipa) avaiSeo?8' dvadpwcrKan' Trererai, /crvTreet 8e 0' WTT' aurou 140

/' o 8' da(f>aX€a>s êet ep.TreSoi', o^p' av', Tore 8' ou rt KvXiv&eTai eoavêvo^

cos "E/crcop ô? pêv o-TretAet ^Xp'ea SteAeuoreCTât /cAtcrta? /cat ^KTCLVWV aAA' ore 8^ TTVKivfjs eveKvpae (f>dXay£i 145arrj pa yu.aA' ey;ôtp:</>#eiV 01 8' dvrioi vies 'vvaaovres îêaiv re /cat e'yêow dtoaav a.7ro afyeicov 6 Se•fjvoev Se 8ta7rpvatov Tpajecrcrt" TpcDe? /cat Au/cioi /cat AapSavot ay^tjtta^rai, 150TrapfteVer'' oy rot S^pov e/xe cr^croucrtv 'Aâtot,/cat /xaAa Trfpy^Sov cr<f>eas avrovs dprvvavres,

1 The precise meaning of TrpodeXv^vov as an epithet of theshield is uncertain. The kindred Terpaff^v/jLvov (xv. 479)plainly means " with fourfold foundation, or backing," t.e.with four layers of hide beneath the bronze surface.Similarly irpo6e\vfj,vov has been assumed to mean " withlayer over layer." Leaf takes it to mean, " with base setforward," since the huge Mycenaean shield rested on theground.

2 The word Trrycro-oj/To, as used of spears (Z?'£. " werefolded "), is extremely obscure.12


fencing spear with spear, and shield with serried x

shield ; buckler pressed on buckler, helm on helm,and man on man; and the horse-hair crests onthe bright helmet-ridges touched each other, as themen moved their heads, in such close array stoodthey one by another, and spears in stout hands over-lapped 2 each other, as they were brandished;and their minds swerved not, but they were fainto fight.

Then the Trojans drave forward in close throngand Hector led them, pressing ever forward, like aboulder from a cliff that a river swollen by winterrains thrusteth from the brow of a hill, when it hasburst with its wondrous flood the foundations of theruthless stone ; high aloft it leapeth, as it flies, andthe woods resound beneath it, and it speedeth onits course and is not stayed until it reacheth thelevel plain, but then it rolleth no more for all itseagerness ; even so Hector for a time threatenedlightly to make his way even to the sea through thehuts and ships of the Achaeans, slaying as he went,but when he encountered the close-set battalions,then was he stayed, as he drew close against them.And the sons of the Achaeans faced him, thrustingwith swords and two-edged spears, and drave himback from them, so that he gave ground and wasmade to reel. Then he uttered a piercing shout,calling aloud to the Trojans : " Ye Trojans andLycians and Dardanians that fight in close combat,stand ye fast. No long space shall the Achaeanshold me back, for all they have arrayed themselvesin fashion like a wall; nay, roethinks, they will give

13

HOMER

aAA', ota), xdcraovrat VTT* eyêo?, el ereov /zeajpae Oetiov wpiaros, epiySovrros norns "Hpr)$.

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14


ground before my spear, if verily the highest of godshath urged me on, the loud-thundering lord of Hera."

So saying, he aroused the strength and spirit ofevery man. Then among them with high heartstrode Dei'phobus, son of Priam, and before him heheld his shield that was well-balanced upon everyside, stepping forward lightly on his feet and ad-vancing under cover of his shield. And Merionesaimed at him with his bright spear, and cast, andmissed not, but smote the shield of bull's hide, thatwas well balanced upon every side, yet drave notin any wise therethrough ; nay, well ere that mightbe, the long spear-shaft was broken in the socket;and Dei'phobus held from him the shield of bull'shide, and his heart was seized with fear of the spearof wise-hearted Meriones ; but that warrior shrankback into the throng of his comrades, and waxedwondrous wroth both for the loss of victory and forthe spear which he had shattered. And he set outto go along the huts and ships of the Achaeans tofetch him a long-spear that he had left in his hut.

But the rest fought on, and a cry unquenchablearose. And Teucer, son of Telamon, was first toslay his man, even the spearman Imbrius, the son o*fMentor, rich in horses. He dwelt in Pedaeum beforethe sons of the Achaeans came, and had to wife adaughter of Priam that was born out of wedlock,even Medesicaste ; but when the curved ships ofthe Danaans came, he returned back to Ilios andwas pre-eminent among the Trojans, and he dweltin the house of Priam, who held him in like honourwith his own children. Him did the son of Telamonsmite beneath the ear with a thrust of his long spear,and again drew forth the spear ; and he fell like an

15

HOMER

r\ r* opeos Kopvfifj €KadevfjLVOfjitvr) repeva -^Qovl (f>vX\a TreXdaar)' 180

Trecrev, dfjifpl Se ot /?p**Xe reject Troi/a'Aa âA^cy.8' op/Ar/dr) jue/zaca? ciTro reuêa Sucrai'

"E/crcup 8* opfirjdevTos aKovnac Sovpi <f>aei,va).dAA' o jLtev avra ibajv rjXevaro âAêov eyô?TvrQov o 8' 'A/i0t/Liaôi', Krearou t>t' 'AK-ropiwvos, 185viao/jievov TroAe/ôvSe Kara arrjOos fidXe 8oyprSouTr^crej' 8e 77ecra>j>, apdfirjae Se reuê' evr' aura)."E/cTCU/3 8' 6pfj,r)6r] KOpvda /cporaôt? dpapvlav/cparo? a(f>apTTd£ai peyaX-^Topos 'A/ic/u/zcôicrAta? 8' opfMrjdevTos o/aeâro1 Sou/oi (paeiva) 190"E/cropos" aAA' ou 7Ti] XP°°S eicraro, Tra? 8' apa

ea) K€KaXv(f>6' ' 6 8' ap' dCTTrtSo? op(f)aXovovra,

cScre 8e jaiv aOeve'i jiieyaAar o 8e âcrorar' omcro-coaiv dfj,<j)OT£pcuv, rovs 8' eêipvaaav 'A^cuoi.

i/ /xei/ apa Sri^to? Stos re Mevecrêuj, 195i ' Ad-rjvaiwv , Kopiaav nerd Xaov 'Aâtaiv

aur' Al'avre, //.e/Zradre dovpibos dA/crjs"re Su' atya Xtovre KVVWV VTTO AcapâpoSdvTcoj'

(f>€pif]Tov dvd pconijta rrvKvd,vifiov VTrep ya.ir)s /xera. ya/iK^r/A^crii' eôvTe, 200

p'a TOV yj/rou eôvre Sua> Ai'avre KopvardavXrjTyv K€(paXrjv 8' a

^/ce Se jtitv affxupyBov eAi^d/ievos1 8t'"E/cropt Se TTporrdpocOe TTo8a>v -neaev zv Kovirjai,. 205

1 opeâro : cUocrKre.2 'Ot\id5»)5 : a/)' 'IXiadTjs Zenodotus.

16


ash-tree that, on the summit of a mountain that isseen from afar on every side, is cut down by the bronze,and bringeth its tender leafage to the ground ; evenso fell he, and about him rang his armour dight withbronze. And Teucer rushed forth eager to stripfrom him his armour, but Hector, even as he rushed,cast at him with his bright spear. Howbeit Teucer,looking steadily at him, avoided the spear of bronzeby a little, but Hector smote Amphimachus, son ofCteatus, the son of Actor, in the breast with hisspear as he was coming into the battle ; and he fellwith a thud, and upon him his armour clanged.Then Hector rushed forth to tear from the head ofgreat-hearted Amphimachus the helm that was fittedto his temples, but Aias lunged with his bright spearat Hector as he rushed, yet in no wise reached hehis flesh, for he was all clad in dread bronze ; but hesmote the boss of his shield, and thrust him backwith mighty strength, so that he gave ground back-ward from the two corpses, and the Achaeans drewthem off. Amphimachus then did Stichius and goodlyMenestheus, leaders of the Athenians, carry to thehost of the Achaeans, and Imbrius the twain Aiantesbare away, their hearts fierce with furious valour.And as when two lions that have snatched away agoat from sharp-toothed hounds, bear it through thethick brush, holding it in their jaws high above theground, even so the twain warrior Aiantes heldImbrius on high, and stripped him of his armour.And the head did the son of O'ileus cut from the tenderneck, being wroth for the slaying of Amphimachus,and with a swing he sent it rolling through the thronglike a ball; and it fell in the dust before the feet ofHector.

VOL. II C 17

HOMER

Kai Tore 819 Trept Krjpi IIocretSaa>i> evlawolo Trecroyro? eV aivT? Sî'oT1877 8' teVat Trapa re /cAtcrta? /cat vija? 'orpvveojv Aavaou?, Tpdjecrcri Se /o]Se' e

8* a'pa ot SouptKAfTos" a.VT€J36Xr]CF£v, 210Trap' eratpou, o ot veoi^ e/c TroAe/xoto

/car' lyvvrfv ê^Xr^êvos d|el' âA/ca).TOV p:ev eratpot evet/cav, o 8' tTjrpot? eTrtretAas1

^'t'ev e? /cAtcriTjv1 en yap 7roAep:otodvridav rov Se Trpoae^r] KpcitovfLadjji€vos <j)6o'yyr)v 'AvSpat'/xovo? t»tt 0davrt,6? Trdoj) IIAeupcDvi Kat atTretv^ KaAi»8a>vt

avao"cre, êo? 8' cS? TICTO 817 ,0)', Kpi^Toiv jSouAi^ôpe, TT-OU rot aTretAai\ T* X 3 /\ -T * A ^ ) J

t, ra? Ipcocriv a/TreiAeov ute? Aâtcov;8' aur' 'ISo/êveus1, KprjTcoi' ayo?, dvriov

a oav, ot» rt? avi]p vw y atrtos1, oaarov eyco yeytyj/cocr/ca) • Travres yap €7rioTap:e0a TrroXepiêiv .ovre Ttva Seo? tcrxei dKrjpiov ovre TLS OKVCO€iKO)v dv&verai TroXeôv KGLKOV dXXd. TTOV OVTCJU 2-5

ST) <f)iXov elvaL VTreppevti KTroAecrât O.TT' "Apyeo? ev

aAAa, 0oar, /cat yap TO Trcxpo? jaeveSTJibs1 rjada,orpvveis Se /<:at a'AAov, 0^6 ju,e0ieVra t'Siât'2

TOJ vw /ATJT' aTToA^ye /ce'Aeue re ÔJTI e/cacrra)." 230S' rjLeier' eTretra Tloo-etSaajv e

18

jLti^ Ketvo? a v p ert

1 ^s K\i<rit)v ; ^K K\iffir)S.vra i'Sijai : OTIS /J.f6ir)(n irovoto Zenodotus.


Then verily Poseidon waxed mightily wroth atheart when his son's son fell in the dread conflict,and he went his way along the huts and ships ofthe Achaeans to arouse the Danaans; but for theTrojans was he fashioning woes. And there met himIdomeneus, famed for his spear, on his way from acomrade that he had but now found coming from thebattle smitten in the knee with the sharp bronze.Him his comrades bare forth, but Idomeneus hadgiven charge to the leeches, and was going to hishut, for he was still fain to confront the battle ; andthe lord, the Shaker of Earth, spake to him, likeninghis voice to that of Andraemon's son Thoas, that inall Pleuron and steep Calydon was lord over theAetolians, and was honoured of the folk even as agod : " Idomeneus, thou counsellor of the Cretans,where now, I pray thee, are the threats gone, where-with the sons of the Achaeans threatened theTrojans ? "

And to him Idomeneus, leader of the Cretans,made answer : " O Thoas, there is no man now atfault, so far as I wot thereof; for we are all skilledin war. Neither is any man holden of craventerror, nor doth any through dread withdraw himfrom evil war, but even thus, I ween, must it be thegood pleasure of the son of Cronos, supreme in might,that the Achaeans should perish here far from Argos,and have no name. But, Thoas, seeing that aforetimethou wast ever staunch in fight, and dost also urgeon another, wheresoever thou seest one shrinkingfrom fight, therefore now cease thou not, but call toevery man."

And Poseidon, the Shaker of Earth, answered him :" Idomeneus, never may that man any more return

19

HOMER

e/c Tpoirjs, dAA* avdi KVVOJV jwe'Am^pa yeVotro,os Tt? GTT' rj[j,aTi rojSe IKCOV /ê^tTjcri jitaêcrât.1

dAA' aye rewêa oevpo Xaftwv Wi- ravra S' a/â xprj 235crTreuSeiv, at K' 6'</>eAd? rt yeva)p,e6a /cat 8u' e'drre.avêprri 8? aper^2 TreAei dvSpaiv /cat //.aAavcui' 8e /cat «' dyaôrcnv emarraifjiecrda //.aê

"Q? etTTtov o /xev aurt? e)8^ êo? a/x. TTOVOV d'ISoju-eveus1 8' ore Si) K\(,crLrjv CVTVKTOV ixave 240Sucrero reuêa «raAa Trept xpot, yeVro Se Soupe,j8^ 8* J/iev dffT€pO7rfj evaAty/cto?, ^V Te Kpovta>vêipt Xafiwv ertVaêv CITT' atyArjevro? 'OAzÛTrov,Set/cvj)? afjiJ,a fipordlaiv dpt^TjAot Se ot avyal'aJs TOV âA/co? e'Aa/iTre Trept arrjdeaai Qzovros. 245M^ptovrys 8* apa ot Oepdrrcov evs3

eyyy? ert /cAicrtTys" jitera yap SopuotcrojLtevos" TW 8e Trpocre^ crdevos" MrypiWT^, MdAou t»te, vroSa? raÛj <j>i\Ta0y

eraipcov,TITTT' rjXOes vroAe/xoi/ re AtTrcor /cat S^tOT^ra; 250ê rt pV/Ââi, ^Se'Aeo? Se' ere retpet d/cco/CTy,Tê reu dyyeAtr^s' /ACT' e'/x' ijXvOes ; ouSe rot ai5ro?rjoOai evl /cAtcri^crt AtAato/xat, dAAct /iaêcrât."

S' ai5 M^ptOt'^S' TTCTTVVfJieVOS OLVTLOV TjVÔ.'

KpTjTtoy /3ovXY](f)6pe âA/co^trtuvcov,4 255t, et TI rot eyô? eVi /cAtai^crt Ae'AetTrrat,

TO vi> yap /careaâ/xev, o Trptv eêcr/cov',daTTt'Sa ATytÔjSoto fiaXatv VTrzprjvopzovTOS."

Tov S' aur' 'ISo/zep'eus', KpTyrtDi/ dyd?, avrLov rjvoa'

1 /xdxecrâi : irbvoio Aristarc'hus.2 S' dperr; : 5£ /St^ Zenodotus and Aristophanes.

s Oepdiruv tvs : dovpiK\vrbs Zenodotus and Aristophanes.4 Line 255 is omitted in the best MSS.

20


home from Troy-land, but here may he become thesport of dogs, whoso in this day's course of hisown will shrinketh from fight. Up then, take thineharness and get thee forth : herein beseems it thatwe play the man together, in hope there may be helpin us, though we be but two. Prowess comes fromfellowship even of right sorry folk, but we twain knowwell how to do battle even with men of valour."

So spake he, and went back again, a god into thetoil of men ; and Idomeneus, as soon as he wascome to his well-built hut, did on his fair armourabout his body, and grasped two spears, and wenthis way like the lightning that the son of Cronosseizeth in his hand and brandisheth from gleamingOlympus, showing forth a sign to mortals, andbrightly flash the rays thereof; even so shone thebronze about his breast as he ran. And Meriones,his valiant squire, met him, while yet he was nearthe hut ; for he was on his way to fetch him a spearof bronze ; and mighty Ido-meneus spake to him :" Meriones, Molus' son, swift of foot, thou dearestof my comrades, wherefore art thou come, leavingthe war and battle ? Art thou haply wounded, anddoth the point of a dart distress thee ? Or art thoucome after me on some message ? Nay, of mineown self am I fain, not to abide in the huts, but tofight."

To him again the wise Meriones made answer :" Idomeneus, counsellor of the brazen-coated Cretans,I am on my way to fetch a spear, if perchance thouhast one left in the huts ; for the one that I bare ofold have I shattered, as I cast at the shield ofthe overweening Dei'phobus."

And to him Idomeneus, leader of the Cretans,21

HOMER

" Sovpara 8', at /c' e6eXrja9a, Kal IV Kal ei'/cocu Sêi? 260

ecrraor' eV K\iairj 7Tpo$ eva>Tria Tra(j,<f)av6a>i>ra,

T/oeota, ra Kraêvajv a7roatVu//,af ou yap ofa>

di'SpcDi' 8vafjL€vea)v e/cas1 iara.jj.evos

TOJ pot, Sovpard T' ecrrt /cat acrTTi'Ses1 o/

/cat KopvOes /cat da>p?)K€$ XafArrpov yav6a>i>T€S." 265

Tor 8' ai5 MTyjotdi'Tjs' TreTrvv^vo? avriov rjv8a'" Kai TOL €fjiol vrapa re KXtairj Kal vrfi fjie

TrdAA' evapa Tpwaiv aAA' ou crêSov ecrnv

ov8e yap ouS' e/ze (^/zt XeXacr/Jievov e^t/zevat a

dAAa /^lera TrpaiTotat, n,ayj}v dva Kv8idvecpav 270

wrra/zat, O777rore ve^Kos opa>prjrai, TroAe/xoto.aAAot» TTOW rtva /xaAAov 'Aâicw âA/coîrajvcov

Xr]6a> fj,apvd[ji€vos, ere Se t'8ju,evat avroi' diet)."rp \ <\» 5- > 5TO. / T7- /-, 5 / J / >/(J1 ov o aur LoofJi€V€vs, i^prjTcov ayos, avriov rjvoa'

"otS' aper^r ofo? ecrcrt' rt ae ^p^ raura Aeyecrât; 275

et yap vw Trapa vrfval Xeyoifjieda -rravres dpâroi

e? Aoôi', eV0a ^ctAicr?' dperrj StaetSerat dvS/jaiv—

eV/9' o re SeiAo? dv^p o? T' aA/ct/zo? e£e(j)advOr)-

TOV HGV yap re KOLKOV -Tperrerai xpa;? aAAuSt? d'AA^,

ouSe ot ctrpe/xa? rjcrQai eprjrver* ev (f)peal OVJJLOS, 280

dAAa fjieroKXdêc Kal err' dôrepovs TrdSa? têljet' Se re ot Kpaftir) p,eydXa arepvoiai rrardaaei

Krjpas 6'Cop,€V(p, Trdrayos 8e re ytyver' dSd

TOU S' dyaôy oyV dp rperrerai xpto? owre rt

rapfiei, erreiSdv rtpwrov ecri^rai Adôt' dt'SptDt', 285

dpdrat, Se rd%iara jwiy^jaevat eV Sat Xvypfj—22


made answer : " Spears, if thou wilt, thou shaltfind, be it one or twenty, standing in the hutagainst the bright entrance wall, spears of theTrojans whereof it is my wont to despoil theirslain. For I am not minded to fight with the foemenwhile standing afar off; wherefore I have spears andbossed shields, and helms, and corselets gleamingbright."

Then to him the wise Meriones made answer :" Aye, in mine own hxit also and my black ship aremany spoils of the Trojans, but I have them not athand to take thereof. For I deem that I too am notforgetful of valour, but I take my stand amid theforemost in battle, where men win glory, whenso thestrife of war ariseth. Some other of the brazen-coated Achaeans might sooner be unaware of myfighting, but thou methinks of thine own self knowestit well."

And to him Idomeneus, leader of the Cretans,made answer : "I know what manner of man thouart in valour; what need hast thou to tell the talethereof ? For if now all the best of us were beingtold off besides the ships for an ambush, wherein thevalour of men is best discerned—there the cowardcometh to light and the man of valour ; for the colourof the coward changeth ever to another hue, nor isthe spirit in his breast stayed that he should abidesteadfast, but he shifteth from knee to knee andresteth on either foot, and his heart beats loudly inhis breast as he bodeth death, and the teeth chatterin his mouth ; but the colour of the brave manchangeth not, neither feareth he overmuch whenonce he taketh his place in the ambush of warriors,but he prayeth to mingle forthwith in woeful war—

23

HOMER

ovSe K6V ZvOa reov ye fj,evo$ /cat êtpa? ovoiro.ei ?rep yap /ce ^SAeto novevfjizvos rje rvrreirjs,OVK aV 6V aypêV OTuade Trecrot fteXos ouS' eVt ^coraraAAa /cej' T) arepvcuv r) vr)8vos avndaeie 290irpoaaa) te/êvoio jtiera Tr/jo/ia^coi/ oapivrvv.aAA' aye, /i^Ke'rt raura Aeya>/Ae#a VY)TTVTLOI to?ecrraoTes1, 17 TTOU TI? VTrepfadXais vefjiearjcrr]'aAAa au ye /cAtcriTjvSe ACIOJI^ e'Aey ofipLfnov eyô?."

"O? (f>a.TO, Mr)pi6vr]s Se ôo» araAavro? "Aprj'i 295KapTraAifMws K\Loir]dev dveiXero xaXftzo]S^ 8e jLter' 'ISoûevâ /ze'ya TrroAe'/ôiooto? Se jSporoAotyos" "ApTy? TroAe/zdi/SeTto §e Ooô? <f)iXos VLOS a'jU,a Kparepos /catecTTrero, o? r' efiofirjae raAa^pova vrep TroXe/jnarjjv 300TO> //.ej^ ap' e/c QprjKrjs 'Efivpovs /Jiera daiprjacreodov,rj€ jLtera OAeyuas /AeyaA^ropa?' o?)§' a/oa TOJ yee/cAuov djji<f)OTepa)v, eVepoicrt 8e /cf;8oroloi Âr]pi6vr]s re /cat 'ISo/ieveus1, dyotrj'iaav es TToXtjAov KCKopvO/jievoi aWom âA/cat. 305TOV /Cat M^yOtO^S' TTpOTtpOS 77/30? (JLV00V €61776'

" Aeu/caAtS^, 7777 T* ap ^HOVCLS /caraSwat o/j,i,Xov;rj €7Tl ^>6^LO<j)LV TTdVTOS CTpaTOV, ^ CXlâ /Lte'cTCTOU?,

TJ e?r' dpL(rT6p6(f>iv; eVei oi» Tro^t eATro/iat ovra)i TToXe/jiOLO Kapi] KO/JLOCOVTOLS 'Aâioi;?." 310ayr' 'ISojaeveu?, Kp^raiv dyo?, dvriov r]v8a'

" viqval p,ev eV û.e'crcrâtv' dfj,vveiv etcrt /cat a'AAot,Atavres re 8ya> Tev/cpoj ^', os apiOTOs1


not even in such case, I say, would any man makelight of thy courage or the strength of thy hands.For if so be thou wert stricken by a dart in the toilof battle, or smitten with a thrust, not from behindin neck or back would the missile fall; nay, but onthy breast would it light or on thy belly, as thouwert pressing on into the dalliance of the foremostfighters. But come, no longer let us loiter here andtalk thus like children, lest haply some man waxwroth beyond measure ; nay, but go thou to thehut, and get thee a mighty spear."

So spake he, and Meriones, the peer of swiftAres, speedily took from the hut a spear of bronze,and followed Idomeneus with high thought of battle.And even as Ares, the bane of mortals, goethforth to war, arid with him followeth Rout, his son,valiant alike and fearless, that turneth to flight awarrior, were he never so staunch of heart—thesetwain arm themselves and go forth from Thrace tojoin the Ephyri or the great-hearted Phlegyes, yetthey hearken not to both sides, but give glory to oneor the other ; even in such wise did Meriones andIdomeneus, leaders of men, go forth into the fight,harnessed in flaming bronze. And Meriones spakefirst to Idomeneus, saying : " Son of Deucalion, atwhat point art thou eager to enter the throng ?On the right of all the host, or in the centre, or shallit be on the left ? For verily, methinks, in no otherplace do the long-haired Achaeans so fail in thefight."

And to him again Idomeneus, leader of theCretans, made answer : " Among the midmost shipsthere be others for defence, the two Aiantes, andTeucer, best of all the Achaeans in bowmanship,

25

HOMER

vvy, aya9os Se /cat eV araStTj vol fjiw aBrjv eAdcocrt /cat eaavpevov TroAejUoto, 315"E/CTO/3O, npiajLttSrji', /cat et /AaAa tcaprepos eariv.1

OLTTV ol ecrcretrat /xaAa Trep jLtejUaam /xaêaâtVLKTJcravri [julvos /cat êtpa? adVrous1

evLTTpfjctcu, ore 17 auro? ye Kpovt'cov'aAot aldoftevov SaAov vrjecrcrt dofjaiv. 320

ai/§pt Se /c' ou/c et' ete /zeya? TeAajuajvio? Ata?,oj dvrjros T* etry /cat e'SoiâA/ca) re prjKTOs jueycxAotcrt reouS' av 'A^tAA^t prjîjvopLeV y' auTocrraSt?^1 Troat 8' oi>' TTW? ecrrw epi£,eiv. 325vcotf 8' c58' CTT' aptcrrep' eê arparov, ct^pa

T]e TO) eu%o? opeôêv, -ê rt?âro, MTÎOVTJS' 8e ôa> ardAavTos1 "Apr/'C

îfcovro /cara arparov, fj JJLLV dvcayet.Ot 8' co? 'ISojLtevâ t'Sov ^»Aoyt etVeAoy aA/C7yj/, 330

/cat OepaTTovTa, avv evrecrt SatSaAeotcrt,/ca0' o/ztAov CTT' awra) iravre? e^crav

8' o/xoj/ tcrraro vet/co? CTTI Trpu/xv^crt veecraiv.8' 6'#' UTTO Atyecov av€fj,a)v oW/cr^tocm' aeAAat

ra) ore re TrAetcrr^ /covt? a/>t<^t /ceAewôus1, 335ot r' a/Au8t? Kovirjs jiieyaAî' iaraoiv 6[j,ix\r)v,to? apa TOJV O/MOCT' iÂê jâx1?' fê/jiaaav 8' evt dv[j,a>

? /ca0' o/uAov evatpe/xev oêf8e jLtct^ (f>dicripftpoTos eyêt^

[j,a,Kpfjs, as etyov rap,€aixpoas' ocrae 8' a.[j,€p$ev 340KopvOcw O.TTO

1 Line 316 is omitted in the best MSS.

26

THE ILIAD, XIII. 314-34,1

and a good man too in close fight; these shall driveHector, Priam's son, to surfeit of war, despite hiseagerness, be he never so stalwart. Hard shall itbe for him, how furious soever for war, to overcometheir might and their invincible hands, and to firethe ships, unless the son of Cronos should himselfcast a blazing brand upon the swift ships. But to noman would great Telamonian Aias yield, to any manthat is mortal, and eateth the grain of Demeter, andmay be cloven with the bronze or crushed with greatstones. Nay, not even to Achilles, breaker of theranks of men, would he give way, in close fight atleast; but in fleetness of foot may no man vie withAchilles. But for us twain, do thou, even as thousay est,make for the left of the host, that we may knowforthwith whether AVC shall give glory to another oranother to us."

So spake he, and Meriones, the peer of swift Ares,led the way until they came to the host, at the pointwhither Idomeneus bade him go.

Now when the Trojans had sight of Idomeneus, inmight as it were a flame, himself and his squire cladin armour richly dight, they called one to anotherthrough the throng, and all made at him ; and bythe sterns of the ships arose a strife of men clashingtogether. And as gusts come thick and fast whenshrill winds are blowing, on a day when dust liesthickest on the roads, and the winds raise up con-fusedly a great cloud of dust; even so their battleclashed together, and they were eager in the throngto slay one another with the sharp bronze. And thebattle, that brings death to mortals, bristled with longspears which they held for the rending of flesh, andeyes were blinded by the blaze of bronze fromgleaming

27

HOMER

6a)prjKO)V re veoaiirjKTOJV aaKecov reepxo/zeVa>v dfjivois- /uciAa /cev 6paavKdp$ios tit]05 Tore yrjOijaeiev l&cbv TTOVOV ouS' d/caôtro.

Tco §' dfjifiis (f>poveovre Suco Kpovou ufe Kparaia) 345dvSpdcriv rjptoeaatv ereiê-rov aAyea Xvypd.Zew? jLteV pa Tpojecrcri /cat "E/cropt jSouAeroKuSatVcov 'AîAâ TrdSa? TCL%VV ouSe rt1

TJOeXz Xaov oXtcrOai 'Aâilkov 'lAto^t TvpojdAAa ©ertv KuSatve /cat utea KapT€p6dvfj,ov .8 350'Apyetou? Se nocreiSatoy opodvve3 êreXdwv,\adpr) VTre£ava8vs TroXiijs dAos" rjx9ero yap paTpcocrtv Sa/avajLieVous1, Att Se Kparepais eve/ze'oxra.TJ ju-av aôrepoioiv 6(j,6v yeVoj T^S' ta Trarpt],dAAa Zeus Trpdrepo? yeyovei KCU, TrXeiova $§17. 355TO> pa /cat dâSirjv /xev dAeê'jaevat dAeetve,XdOprj 8' at'ev eyetpe /caret arparov, dvSpt eot/ccos1.TO) S' eptSos Kparepfjs /cai 6fj.ouov TTToAe'jitotoTreipap €7TaXXdâvres eV d/xÔTepotcri Tctvucrcrav,dppTf]Krov T' aAurw re, TO TroAAaiv' yowar' eXv&ev. 360

jLtecratTToAtds' Trep ecov Aavaotat iceAeycra?ys Tpcoecrox peraXfjievos ev (f>6ôv cSpae.

TT6(f>ve yap 'QOpvovfja Kaô-oêv ev&ov eovra,os pa. veov 7roAe/>toto p,eTa /cAeoj etAÂouêt,^'ree Se Tlptapxno Ovyarpcov eloos a.piarf]v, 355KacraavSpTji', dv'deSvov, UTreaêro 8e /ze'ya e'pyov,

1 oi;5e TI : <w5' o 76 Aristophanes.2 Line 350 was rejected by Aristarchus.

8 6p66we : wrpwe Zenodotus and Aristophanes.

1 In several passages the poet uses the word ravvw, with orwithout irelpap (ireipa.™), in a way which indicates that hewould have us think of the gods as controlling the battle asby a rope knotted above the combatants, and drawn this way28


helmets, and corselets newly burnished, and shiningshields, as men came on confusedly. Sturdy in soothwould he have been of heart that took joy at sightof such toil of war, and grieved not.

Thus were the two mighty sons of Cronos, dividedin purpose, fashioning grievous woes for mortalwarriors. Zeus would have victory for the Trojansand Hector, so giving glory to Achilles, swift of foot;yet was he in no wise minded that the Achaean hostshould perish utterly before the face of Ilios, butwas fain only to give glory to Thetis and to her son,strong of heart. But Poseidon went among theArgives and urged them on, stealing forth secretlyfrom the grey sea; for it vexed him that they werebeing overcome by the Trojans, and against Zeuswas he exceeding wroth. Both the twain verilywere of one stock and of one parentage, but Zeuswas the elder born and the wiser. Therefore it wasthat Poseidon avoided to give open aid, but secretlysought ever to rouse the Argives throughout the host,in the likeness of a man. So these twain knotted theends of the cords * of mighty strife and evil war, anddrew them taut over both armies, a knot none mightbreak nor undo, that loosed the knees of many men.

Then Idomeneus, albeit his hair was flecked withgrey, called to the Danaans, and leaping amidthe Trojans turned them to flight. For he slewOthryoneus of Cabesus, a sojourner in Troy, thatwas but newly come following the rumour of war ; andhe asked in marriage the comeliest of the daughtersof Priam, even Cassandra; he brought no gifts ofwooing, but promised a mighty deed, that he would

and that; see xi. 336 ; xiv. 389; xv. 413, and cf. the note onvi. 143.

29

HOMER

€K Tpoiys deKovTO-s arrwaefjiev via?

TO) 8' o yepa>v Tipia/jios VTTO T' ecrêro Kal Karevevae

6 Se p;apva0' UTrocrêcmyo't rtidr)aas.

S' avroio rirvaKero 8ovpl âeiva), 370

l fiaJXev vifsi f^L^dvra TU^COV ouS' rf/o/cecre diaprjt;

, 6V (f>opeeaK€, fjiearj 8' ei' ya.are.pi rrrjê.

8e rrecrwv 6 8' eTreuâ/ro <pa)vr]a€v re'

" 'Qdpvovev, TTepl 87^ ae PporaJv olviô^ arrdvra>v,> ' \ ^ \ / N / « > f / ^7(lei ereov 07) Trat'Ta TeAeurô-et? ocr vrrearr)? Aia

AapSavt'Sr^ n/ota/xai' o 8' vrrea^ro dvyarepa r\v.

Kdi ACC rot repels ravrd y' UTrocr^d/xevoi TeAe'crat/zei>,

ool[j,ev 8' 'ArpetSao dvyarpwv zl&os apLorrfV,

"A/oyeo? eâyayovres, orrvieêv, et /ce CTJJV a/XjU,iv

lAiou eKTrepcrrjs ev vaiofjievov rrroXieOpov, • 380

aAA' erre', o^p' eTTt vrjvcrl avvwpeda

djji(f>l ydfj,a), eWt ou rot eeSvcurat KO.KOI

TroSos1 e'A«re /cara Kparspty v

O> 8' "Acrio? 7^

ITTTTCDV T60 Se 7TV€LOVT€ Kttr' OJ/iCOV 385

depdirajv 6 8e tero dvpw6 8e /,ui> <j)6dij,€vo$ jSaAe Soupt

JJTT' dvdepeatva, SiaTrpo 8e pâA/cov e'Aacrrrev.

8' coy ore Tt? Spus rjpirrev f) dêpou?,

Tje TTLrvs f3\a>6pri, rf\v T' ovpem reKroves civbpes '^^

eêrayuov TreAe/ceorat ve^Kecri i/7jibv efvaf30


drive forth perforce out of Troy-land the sons ofAchaeans. To him the old man Priam promisedthat he would give her, and bowed his head thereto,and Othryoneus fought, trusting in his promise.But Idomeneus aimed at him with his bright spear,and cast and smote him as he strode proudly on,nor did the corselet of bronze that he wore availhim, but the spear was fixed full in his belly, and hefell with a thud, and Idomeneus exulted over him,and spake, saying : " Othryoneus, verily above allmortal men do I count thee happy, if in good sooththou shalt accomplish all that thou didst promise toDardanian Priam ; and he promised thee his owndaughter. Aye, and we too would promise the likeand would bring all to pass, and would give thee thecomeliest of the daughters of the son of Atreus,bringing her forth from Argos that thou mightestwed her ; if only thou wilt make cause with us andsack the well-peopled city of Ilios. Nay, follow withus, that at the seafaring ships we may make agree-ment about the marriage, for thou mayest be sure wedeal not hardly in exacting gifts of wooing."

So saying, the warrior Idomeneus dragged him bythe foot through the mighty conflict. But Asiuscame to bear aid to Othryoneus, on foot in front of hishorses; and these twain the squire that was hischarioteer ever drave so that their breath smote uponthe shoulders of Asius. And he was ever fain of heartto cast at Idomeneus ; but the other was too quick forhim, and smote him with a cast of his spear on thethroat beneath the chin, and drave the bronze cleanthrough. And he fell as an oak falls, or a poplar, or atall pine, that among the mountains shipwrights fellwith whetted axes to be a ship's timber; even so

31

HOMER

O)S O 7Tp6o9* LTTTTWV Kdl 8i(j)pOV K6LTO

fiefipvxcbs, KOVIOS SeSpayjaevo? at/mToecrarjs'.eK Se ot rjvioôs TrA^yry fipevas, a? TrdposouS' o y' eToXfJirjcrev, S^tcov UTTO êipas1 aAufa?, 395aj/r iTrTTOi;? crrpeifjai, rov S' 'At'TtAo^Soupt jitecrov Ttepovrjae rwâiv ou§' rjpKeaeâA/ceo?, ov ôpeecr/ce, ^-eo'T] 8' ey yacrrepcavrap o aadâivajv euepyeo? e/CTreae St<^poy,

8' 'AvrtAoôs1, [Aeyadv/jiov Ne'aropo? uto?, 400

'Aat'ou d)(yv[j,€vos, Kai aKovriae SouptaAA' o jLtev avra tScoi' Âeuaro âA/ceo'I8op:eveus" KpV(f)9r) yap WTT' aom8i TTavrocr' etcr'/j, 405

ap' o ye ptvotcrt /Soaiv /cat vajpom âA/cai<j)op€£aK€, 8vu> Kcivov€.ad> apapvlav

VTTO Trds edX-r], TO 8' vnepirraro âA/ceov eyô?,ov Se ot acrm? eTTt^peâvro? aiiaevovS' a'AibV p'a fiapeirjs êtpo? d^rJKev, 410

aAA' e'/3aA' 'iTTTracrt'S?}^ 'Yifjijvopa, iroifMeva Xacov,rjirap vrro TrparrL^CDv, eidap 8' UTTO yovvar* e'Aycre.ATÔ/JOS" 8' e/CTrayAov enevâro, ^c/iKpov ducras"

ou //,av aur' aTtro? /cetr' "Acrtos1, aAAa e <f>rj/j,iels "Ai'So? 77ep twra TruAaprao Kparepolo1 415

f.iv Kara BV/JÔV, eTvet pa ot coTtacra TTO^TTOV ."eâr', 'Apyetotcrt 8' aôs yever'

Kparepoo : Kpvepoio.

1 The tcavoves seem clearly to have been two rods, orstaves, which served to give the " figure-eight " Mycenaeanshield its shape. See Leaf, 7/?'ad! i. p. 569, and Reichel,Homerische Wajfen2, pp. 6 f., 18 f.32


before his horses and chariot Asius lay out-stretched,moaning aloud and clutching at the bloody dust. Andthe charioteer, stricken with terror, kept not the witsthat afore he had, neither dared turn the horsesback and so escape from out the hands of the foemen ;but Antilochus, staunch in fight, aimed at him, andpierced him through the middle with his spear, nordid the corselet of bronze that he wore avail him,but he fixed the spear full in his belly. And gaspinghe fell from out his well-built car, and the horsesAntilochus, son of great-souled Nestor, drave forthfrom the Trojans into the host of the well-greavedAchaeans.

Then Dei'phobus in sore grief for Asius drew verynigh to Idomeneus, and cast at him with his brightspear. Howbeit Idomeneus, looking steadily athim, avoided the spear of bronze, for he hid beneaththe cover of his shield that was well-balanced uponevery side, the which he was wont to bear, cunninglywrought with bull's hide and gleaming bronze, andfitted with two rods 1 ; beneath this he gatheredhimself together, and the spear of bronze flew over ;and harshly rang his shield, as the spear grazedthereon. Yet nowise in vain did Deiphobus let thespear fly from his heavy hand, but he smote Hypsenor,son of Hippasus, shepherd of the people, in the liverbeneath the midriff, and straightway loosed his knees.And Deiphobus exulted over him in terrible wise,and cried aloud : " Hah, in good sooth not unavengedlies Asius ; nay, methinks, even as he fareth to thehouse of Hades, the strong warder, will he be glad atheart, for lo, I have given him one to escort him onhis way !

So spake he, and upon the Argives came sorrow

VOL. n D 33

HOMER

Sai^pon Qvîov opivcvdAA' ovS' a^yvfjb€v6s Trep eou dêXâev eratpou,dXXd fle'cov Trept/fy /cat ot ad/co? afc<j6e/caAu0e. 420TOV jitei/ eVetfl' vTToSwTe Suo> ept^pes1 Iralpoi,

us, 'E^toio Trat?, /<at Stos 'AAacrrcu/J,evrt yXafapas <j>ep€Tr)v jSapea arevdxovra.1

'ISojLtevcu? 8' ou Aryye fj,4vos j^teya, tero S' aieti}e rtva Tpcocov cpe/Sewf) WKrl /caAw/»ai, 425r) ayro? SouTTT^crai aftwa>v Aotyov 'eV0' Atcru^Tao Siorpeêo? (f)iXov vlov,

'AA/caôoy — ya/zjSpo? 8' T}^ 'pvTa.ryv 8' coTrute 6vyarpa)v,Trept KT^pi <f>iXrjae Traryp /cat Trorvta fjLrjrrjp 430

ev jiieyapar Trdaav yap OjU,7jAi/cn^v e/ce/cacrTo/caAAef /cat epydiCTtr tSc ^pecrr TOVVCKO, /cat //,tvyrjiêv avrjp wpioros evt Tpot'rj eupet^' —TOV TO^' UTT' 'ISojLtev^t IToaetSaaJV' eSa/zacrcre6eX£as oaae <j)aeivd, Tre'S^cre Se <ât'§tju,a yyta- 435oi»Ve yap eôTrtoxo <j)vy€eiv Swar' OUT' dXeacrdai,aAA' oj? re arrjX'rjv r) SeVSpeov vifjiTreTrjXovdrpepas ecrTadra orijOos p,eaov ovraae Sovpirjpws 'ISojU.eveus', pvj^sv Se ot d/>t^>t îrcova^cxA/ceov, o? ot Trpoaêv O/TTO xpoos i^'p/cct oXzdpov 440817 Tore y' ai5ov civaev epet/cd/xevo? Trept Soupt.SovTrrjaev Se Treocuv, Sdpu 8' ev /cpaStr^rj pa ot dcnraipovaa /cat ovpiaôv

evâ S' eTretr' d^tet (j,€vos ojSpt/i,o?S' eKTrayAov eTreu^-aro, /xa/cpov duaras" 445

-^ apa 8^ TI eicTKOfjiev a£iov etvai

34


by reason of his exulting, and beyond all did he stirthe soul of wise-hearted Antilochus ; howbeit, de-spite his sorrow, he was not unmindful of his dearcomrade, but ran and bestrode him, and covered himwith his shield. Then two trusty comrades stoopeddown, even Mecisteus, son of Echius, and goodlyAlastor, and bare Hypsenor, groaning heavily, to thehollow ships.

And Idomeneus slackened not in his furious might,but was ever fain to enwrap some one of the Trojansin the darkness of night, or himself to fall inwarding off ruin from the Achaeans. Then the dearson of Aesyetes, fostered of Zeus, the warriorAlcathous—son by marriage was he to Anchises, andhad married the eldest of his daughters, Hippodameia,whom her father and queenly mother heartily lovedin their hall, for that she excelled all maidens of heryears in comeliness, and in handiwork, and in wisdom ;wherefore the best man in wide Troy had taken herto wife—this Alcathous did Poseidon subdue beneathIdomeneus, for he cast a spell upon his bright eyesand ensnared his glorious limbs that he might nowiseflee backwards nor avoid the spear ; but as he stoodfixed, even as a pillar or a tree, high and leafy, thewarrior Idomeneus smote him with a thrust of hisspear full upon the breast, and clave his coat ofbronze round about him, that aforetime ever wardeddeath from his body, but now it rang harshly asit was cloven about the spear. And he fell with athud, and the spear was fixed in his heart, that stillbeating made the butt thereof to quiver ; howbeit,there at length did mighty Ares stay its fury. ButIdomeneus exulted over him in terrible wise, andcried aloud : " Deiphobus, shall we now deem per-

35

HOMER

rpei? €vos avrl 7T€(f>dadai; eVei av irep euêcu OUT or1

Sai/zow', aAAa /cat curro? evavriov tar ad* e/Aeto,6<f)pa 'i8r)s olos Tirjvos y6Vo? evdd8' IKO.VO),OS TTpOJTOV MlVaKJ TeW Kp^TTJ CTTLOVpOV 450

Mt'vcDS1 S' a5 reKeO* vlov a^vôva Aeu/caAtaiva,Aeu/caAtcov S' eûe TIKTC TroAecrcr' avSpecraw ava/cra

ev evpeir)- vvv S' ev$aSe vrje? eVei/cavre KO.KOV Ko.1 TTarpt /cai aAAotcTi Tpa)€craiv,"

"Q? <J>O.TO, krj'tyofios Se Siai/Siâ /xep/i^ptêv, 455' Ttâ TTOU TpcotDV Irapiuoatro fjieyadvpajv

ai/J dvaxa)pr)aas, 17 Treiprjaairo Kal olos.cuSe 8e ot c/>pov€ovri, Soacroraro Ke'pSioi' efp'at,firjvai €77* Aivetav TOV S' vararov eypev o/xt'Aouec-raor'' aiet yap Ilpta/AOj e7T€jU,r/vte St'ai, 460owe/c' ap' ecrdXov lovra jLter' ai/Spacrtv ou rt Tieov<et>.ctyôi; S' icrrapêvos' evrea Trrepoevra Trpocrr)v8a'" Alveia, Tpcocov /SouAôpe, vw ere /xaAaya/x^Spa) afjivvefjLeval, ei Trep Tt ere /crjSo? icxAA' eTreu, 'AAfcafloa) eirafjLVvoptv, os ere -rrdpos ye 465ya/i^8po? e'tbv edpeifje Sdjaot? evt rvrBov e'dvra*TOV Se' roi 'ISo/xet'ei;? Soypi/cAuro? eêvaptêi'."

^Q? (f>dro} ra> 8' apa dvpov evl aTrjdeacriv optve,jS->j Se jLter' 'ISo/.ievâ jiteya TrroXeôLO /xepyÂto?.aAA' ou/c 'ISojU-evrja fiofios Aa/3e TryAuyerov co?, 470aAA e'/zey , co? ore TI? CTI?? ovpecriv aA^cto? re jMeVei /coAocrfprot' eTrep^d/zevov TroAw

1 OI/TW: aurcos Zenodotus.1 Again in xx. 179-186 and 306 we have allusions to a

rivalry between the house of Anchises and that of Priam forthe kingship of Troy.36

THE ILIAD, XIII. 44.7-472

chance that due requital hath been made—threemen slain for one—^seeing thou boasteth thus ? Nay,good sir, but stand forth thyself and face me, thatthou mayest know what manner of son of Zeus amI that am come hither. For Zeus at the first begatMinos to be a watcher over Crete, and Minos againgot him a son, even the peerless Deucalion, andDeucalion begat me, a lord over many men in wideCrete ; and now have the ships brought me hithera bane to thee and thy father and the other Trojans."

So spake he, and Dei'phobus was divided in counsel,whether he should give ground and take to him ascomrade some one of the great-souled Trojans, orshould make trial by himself alone. And as hepondered this thing seemed to him the better—togo after Aeneas ; and he found him standing lastamid the throng, for ever was Aeneas wroth againstgoodly Priam, for that brave though he was amidwarriors Priam honoured him not a whit.1 ThenDei'phobus drew near and spake to him wingedwords : " Aeneas, counsellor of the Trojans, now insooth it behoveth thee to bear aid to thy sister'shusband, if in any wise grief for thy kin cometh uponthee. Nay, come thou with me, that we may bearaid to Alcathous, who, for all he was but thy sister'shusband, reared thee in the halls when thou wastyet a little child ; he, I tell thee, hath been slain ofIdomeneus, famed for his spear."

So spake he, and rouse.d the heart in the breastof Aeneas, and he went to seek Idomeneus, withhigh thoughts of war. Howbeit terror gat not holdof Idomeneus, as he had been some petted boy, buthe abode like a boar in the mountains, that trustethin his strength, and abideth the great, tumultuous

37

HOMER

X<*>pio eV olorroXa), (ppiaaeL Se re vwrov vnepdevo(f>6aX[j,a) §' dpa ol Trvpl Xd^rrerov avrap 686vrasQriyei, dXeâadat /xe/iaci)? KVVCLS rj$e /cat aVSpas" 47560? jJievev 'ISop:eveu? Soupt/cAirro?,A-lveiav emovra j3or)66ov ave 8''Acr/caAa^>w T' e.aopa)v 'AâpTja re Arj'iTrvpov reM-rjpiovrjv re /cat 'Awt'Aoôv, (Jirjarajpas avrfjs'rovs o y' errorpvvcov erred Trrepoevra. Trpocrrjvoa.' 480" Seyre, </>t'Aoi, /<rat ^t' oia) dfjivvere' Set'Sta §' atvw?Atvetav Imovra vrdSa? ra%vv, os poi erreicnv,os pdXa Kaprepos ecrrt p-d^l] evt (frairas evaLpeiv/cat §' eêt rj/3r]s avdos, o re Kpdros earl /Jieyicrrov.el yap Of^rjXiKir] ye yevoifJieda roiS' eTTt dv/Jia), 485ali/id Kev ye fiepoiro fêya Kpdros, 'fje

"£ls e<f)a0* ,01 §' apa Trdvres eva (f>peai dvpovrAâtot earrjaav, craice' co/xotcrt K\lvavres-Atveta? 8' erepajOev e/ce/cAero ot? erapotat,A77't</>o/3oi> re Hapti/ T' ecroptDv /cat 'Ayrpopa 8tov, 490ot ot ap,' riyepoves Tpa>a>v ecrav avrap eWiraAaoi eTTovS* , to? ei re jLtera KriXov earrero prjXaTTiopev^ €K fiordvrjS' ydvvrai 8' apa re (f>peva TTOI^Vw? Atveta Qvôs evl arrjdeaai yeyr^dei,oj$ t'Se Aawv edvos emaTropevov eot aurai. 495

Ot 8' ap: ' 'AA/caô6o az^TocrêSov (paKpolai ^varolai- Trepl arrjdeacri Secr/xepSaAeov Kovdf3i£,e nrvaKoêvwv /cdAATJAaJi^' Suo 8' aVSpe? dpi] tot eôôv aAAcov,Atveta? re /cat 'ISo/zeyeuV, drdAavrot "Aprj'C, 500

raêeiv1 Line 480 was omitted in many ancient editions.

38


throng of men that cometh against him, in a lonelyplace; he bristleth up his back and his two eyesblaze with fire, and he whetteth his tusks, eager toward off dogs and men ; even so Idomeneus, famedfor his spear, abode the oncoming of Aeneas tobear aid, and gave not ground, but called to hiscomrades, looking unto Ascalaphus, Aphareus, andDei'pyrus, and Meriones, and Antilochus, mastersof the war-cry ; to these he spake winged words,and spurred them on : " Hither, friends, and bearaid tome that am alone, and sorely do I dread theoncoming of Aeneas, swift of foot, that comethagainst me ; right strong is he to slay men in battle,and he hath the flower of youth, wherein is thefulness of strength. Were we but of like age andour mood such as now it is, then forthwith should hewin great victory, or haply I."

So spake he, and they all, having one spirit intheir breasts, took their stand, each hard by theother, leaning their shields against their shoulders.And Aeneas over against them called to his com-rades,looking unto Dei'phobus, and Paris, and goodlyAgenor, that with himself were leaders of theTrojans ; and after them followed the host, as sheepfollow after the ram to water from the place offeeding, and the shepherd joyeth in his heart; evenso the heart of Aeneas was glad in his breast, whenhe saw the throng of the host that followed after him.

Then over Alcathous they clashed in close fightwith their long spears, and about their breasts thebronze rang terribly as they aimed each at the otherin the throng ; and above all the rest two men ofvalour, Aeneas and Idomeneus, peers of Ares, wereeager each to cleave the other's flesh with the pitiless

39

HOMER

Atvetas1 Se TrpoJros axovriazv 'IdAA' d ju,ev avra I8a>v fjXevaro ^dA/ceov

8' Aivetao KpaSaivoêvrj KaraP" O.XLOV arifiapfjs 0.776 êipo? opovaev. 505

8' a'pa Qlvopaov /SaAe yaarepa8e dtbprjKos yvaXov, Sia 8' evrepa

3• 6 8* ev Kovirâi -neaaiv e'Ae yatav cxyo<7T<5.S* eV jttev veKvos SoAtôaKiov eyX05"

ecTTraaar', ouS' ap' eV a'AAa SuvTycraro reyêa KaAa. 510a>fj,ouv d(f)eXeodaf eTretyero yapov yap er' eîTreSa yuta TroStoi' TÔUT' ap' eTTai£ai ped' zov fieAos OUT' aXeaodat,.TCO pa /cat ev araSn? /zet* a^vvero vyXees rj^ftp,rpeacrat 8' ou/cert pi/jbfia TroSe? (f>€pov IK TroAe/xoto. 515TOU Se jSaS^v a.77id^TO? aKovrtcre Soupt <f>aeiva)ATÎÔÔS" 8^ ycxp ot e' ey /COTOI^ efjifieves alei.5 \ \ > c / \ / / ) 5 W * < \ > > A / \ J O ' \aAA o ye /cat TOP a/x,aprev, o o AaKaAapov paAe

Soupt,utov 'EvuaAtoto' 8t' a>/j,ov 8' op*pi[J,ov eyô?€crxev' o 8' eV KovLrjOi Trecrwv e'Ae yaiav dyoaTo;. 520Oj)8' apa 7T6O Tt 7T€7TVCrrO PpLTJTTVOS ofiplfJiOS "Ap^S"

uto? eoio TrecrofTo? evt Kparepfj vafjiivrjs

dAA' o y' ap' aKpa) 'OAJ/iTroj UTTO ^pucreotcrt V€(f)€crawrjaTO, Ato? f3ovXfj<riv eeAftevos1, eV0a Trep d'AAotdddvaroi deol rjaav eepyo/zevot TroAe/zoto. 525

Ot 8' d^t^' 'Acr/caAdâi auToaêSov 6pfj,rjdr)(ravair' 'Acr/caAd0

8e -ôai aTaAawos1 "Aprj'iSovpt jSpa^tova rvfiev eVdAêfos1, e/c 8' apa40


bronze. And Aeneas first cast at Idomeneus, buthe, looking steadily at him, avoided the spear ofbronze, and the lance of Aeneas sank quivering downinto the earth, for that it sped in vain from his mightyhand. But Idomeneus cast and smote Oenomaus,full upon the belly, and brake the plate of his corselet,and the bronze let forth the bowels therethrough ;and he fell in the dust and clutched the earth in hispalm. And Idomeneus drew forth from out thecorpse the far-shadowing spear, yet could he notprevail likewise to strip the rest of the fair armourfrom his shoulders, since he was sore pressed withmissiles. For the joints of his feet were not firm asof old in a charge, that he might rush forth after hisown cast, or avoid another's. Wherefore in closefight he warded off the pitiless day of doom, but inflight his feet no longer bare him swiftly from thewar. And as he drew back step by step Deiphobuscast at him with his shining spear, for verily he evercherished a ceaseless hate against him. Howbeitthis time again he missed him, and smote with hisspear Ascalaphus, son of Enyalius, and through theshoulder the mighty spear held its way ; and he fellin the dust and clutched the ground with his palm.But as yet loud-voiced dread Ares wist not at allthat his son had fallen in the mighty conflict; but hesat on the topmost peak of Olympus beneath thegolden clouds, constrained by the will of Zeus, wherealso were the other immortal gods, being held alooffrom the war.

Then over Ascalaphus they clashed in close fight,and Deiphobus tore from Ascalaphus his shininghelm, but Meriones, the peer of swift Ares, leaptupon Deiphobus and smote his arm with his spear,

41

HOMER

avXanns rpvfidXeia âjuat Popfirjcre ireoovaa. 630

8' e'âurt? eVaA^tevo?, atyuTTtos' w?,Trpv^volo fipaôvos ofipiôv eyô?,

ai/» 8' erdpajv els tOvos eâêro. TOV 8e IToA/Trj?

7roAe//,oio Sucrêos1, o^p' t/ce^' tTTTrous1

co/cea?, ot ot orrtade /ia^Tj? ^8e TTTO\€ÔLO

taraaav rjvioxov re KO.I apfj,ara TroiKi'A' eot TOV ye TTjOort acrru <f)lpov fiapeareip6fji€vov Kara 8' af/â veovrdrov e/opee

Ot §' aAAot /j,dpvavTO, ftor] S' aaêaros optbpei. 540

ov rvifi* eTTt of reTpap,fji€vov o£e'C

§' erepcuae Kcipr), e-nl 8' daTrt?Kopvs, dfj,(f)l 8e ot ddvaros %UTO dv/

Se 0oa>â ^Graarpe^devTO, SoKevaas 545ouraa' eTratfa?, O,TTO 8e Âe)8a iraaav €K€pcrevt

TI r' ava vcSra deovcra StaûTrepe? auêV t/ccxvet*T)]f 0.770 Trdcrav eKepaev 6 S' VTTTIOS ev Koviyai

a'//.(^>eo %etpe (f>iXoLS erapotcrt Treracrcra?.8' CTTopovae, Kal a'ivvro reirê' aw' a>pcov 550

Tpwes Se TrepicrraSw1 dXXodev aXXosovrat,ov cra/co? eupu TravaioXov, ovBe Svvavro

repeva XP°a vr^Xe'C âA/ca)yap pa riocrei8aa)V evoai^doiv

Necrropo? utoi/ epvro /cat et' TroAAotat fieXeamv. 5551 ireptffTadbv : irapa<TTadbv Zenodotus and Aristophanes.

42


and from his hand the crested helm fell to theground with a clang. And Meriones sprang forthagain like a vulture, and drew forth the mightyspear from the upper arm of Deiiphobus, and shrankback into the throng of his comrades. But Polites,the own brother of Dei'phobus, stretched his armsaround his waist, and led him forth from out thedolorous war, until he came to the swift horses thatstood waiting for him at the rear of the battle andthe conflict with their charioteer and chariot richlydight. These bare him to the city groaning heavilyand sore distressed; and down ran the blood fromhis newly wounded arm.

But the rest fought on, and a cry unquenchablearose. Then Aeneas leapt upon Aphareus, son ofCaletor, that was turned toward him, and struck himon the throat with his sharp spear, and his headsank to one side, and his shield was hurled uponhim and his helm withal, and death that slayeth thespirit encompassed him. Then Antilochus, bidinghis time, leapt upon Thoon, as he turned his back,and smote him with a thrust, and wholly severedthe vein that runneth along the back continuallyuntil it reacheth the neck ; this he severed wholly,and Thoon fell on his back in the dust, stretching outboth his hands to his dear comrades. But Antilochusleapt upon him and set him to strip the armour fromoff his shoulders, looking warily around the while ;for the Trojans encircled him and thrust from thisside and from that upon his broad, shining shield ;howbeit they prevailed not to pierce through andgraze the tender flesh of Antilochus with the pitilessbronze; for mightily did Poseidon, the Shaker ofEarth, guard Nestor's son, even in the midst of many

43

HOMER

ov jji€V yap TTOT* aVeu 8r)ta>v fy, dXXa /car* avrovscrrpwâr'- ov8e ol eyôs e%' drpe/âs1, dAAd /tdA*

» <atei

aei6(j,evoi> e'Ae'At/cro • TITVOKZTO Se (f>peolv fjawTI rev aKovTLacrcLi, r}€ aêSov 6pfj,r)dfjvai, .

'AAA' ou AT^^' 'ASa/iat'Ta TirvoKOfjievosKad' 6'/uAov, 560AcridS^v, o ot OVTOL /Jieaov CTOLKOS oê'i

€yyvd€v op^deis' d/ze^vcocret' 8e otKvavoâlra ITocretSaa»v, jStoroto êy^pa?./cat TO jU.et' ai5TOt' jtietv' clj? re cr/ccDAos" TTVpLi<a.varo?,eV aa/cet 'At'TiAoôto, TO S' TJfjaav Kelr' €TTL yaifjs' 565ai/f 8' €Tdpa>v els eOvos e^dêTO /<%>'

8' aTrtovTa [jêTaoTTo/jievos ^8dAeTC fMeorj'yv Kat d/Z(âAou, eVâ

5 "Ap-qs dAeyetvo? dtûpoto-t jot eyx°s €7nr]t;€V' 6 8' IOTTO^VOS Trept Sofpt 570

co? 6Ve ôvs, rov r* ovpeai fiovKoAoi avBpeslAAdatv ou/c eê'AovTa j8t7] S^cravTe? ayoucrivw? d TUTrets1 ^'aTraipe \iivvvQa, Trep, ov n pdXa STJV,

ot e/c xpoos eyx05 dvecmdaaT' eyyvdev eXdcovTOV Se cr/coTos1 oacre KaXvi/fe. 575

8' "EAevo? £i(/>€'C axôv rjXaae0/37] ikt'to /xeydAoj, 0,770 Se -rpvâXeiav apaêv.r/ jmev dTTOTÂay^êtCTa â/xat ireae, /cat Tt? 'fj,apvafjL€Vcov per a Troaal KvXivSofjLevrjv ZKOfJiicrae'TOV Se /caT* o(f)OaXfJiaJv ep€/3evvr) vv£ e'/cdAfi/rev. 580

8' aô? etAe, fiorjv dyaOov ~M.ev4Xa.ov

1 Lit., following. The meaning seems to be that thewounded man leans forward over the spear in hope to lessenthe anguish of the wound.44


darts. For never aloof from the foe was Antilochus,but he ranged among them, nor ever was his spearat rest, but was ceaselessly brandished and shaken ;and he ever aimed in heart to cast at some foeman,or rush upon him in close fight.

But as he was aiming amid the throng he wasnot unmarked of Adamas, son of Asius, who smotehim full upon the shield with a thrust of the sharpbronze, setting upon him from nigh at hand. Butthe spear-point was made of none avail by Poseidon,the dark-haired god, who begrudged it the life ofAntilochus. And the one part of the spear abodethere, like a charred stake, in the shield of Antilochus,and half lay upon the ground ; and Adamas shrankback into the throng of his comrades, avoiding fate.But Meriones followed after him as he went and castwith his spear, and smote him midway between theprivy parts and the navel, where most of all Ares iscruel to wretched mortals. Even there he fixed hisspear, and the other, leaning over l the shaft whichpierced him, writhed as a bull that herdsmen amidthe mountains have bound with twisted withes anddrag with them perforce ; even so he, when he wassmitten, writhed a little while, but not long, till thewarrior Meriones came near and drew the spear forthfrom out his flesh ; and darkness enfolded his eyes.

Then in close fight Helenus smote Deiipyrus on thetemple with a great Thracian sword, and tore awayhis helm, and the helm, dashed from his head, fellto the ground, and one of the Achaeans gathered itup as it rolled amid the feet of the fighters ; anddown upon the eyes of Dei'pyrus came the darknessof night, and enfolded him.

But the son of Atreus was seized with grief thereat,

45

HOMER

jSr? 8* enaTTeiXycras 'EAe'va> ^pot'i avaKTi,o£i> Sopu KpaSdcov o Se TO£OV Trrf^vv aVeA/ce.TCL) 8' dp' dîapTijSrjv o fiev eyêi oûdevrcier' aKOVTLaaai, 6 S' 0,770 vevpijfiiv dt'crT<5. 685ripta/xi'S1^? ju-ev eTreira Kara ar^dos jSaAev tai9a)pr)Kos yvaXov, 0,770 S' eVraro mKpos OICTTO?.

8' 6V <X77O TrXareos Trrvocfrw fj,eyd\r)v /car' dAcoTyvKvafjioi, jueAavo^poe? ^ epefiwOoi,

vrro Xiyvpfj Kal AiKfjLrjTrjpos epoif], 590a77o dwprjKOS MeveAaou Kv8aXifjiOLo

a,77077Aay^êts' e/ca? eVraro m/cpo? OIO-TO?.8' d'pa êtpa, jSoî/ dyaô? Meve'Aao?,

TT^V jSaAei; 77 p' eê ro£ov €ii£oov ev 8' dpa TOÔ>avriKpv Std êtpo? eArÂaro âA/ceov1 e'yô?. 595di/f 8' €Tapa>v ets1 zdvos e' aêro ic^p' dAeetVco^,pêtpa 77apa/cpe/xacra?4 TO 8' eê'A/cero /JLeiXivovKal TO ju,ev e/c êtpo? epvcrev êyddavrrjv 8e £vveSr]aev evarpefai oloso(f>€V$6vr], fjv d'pa ot OepaTTtov eê TTOI^ZVI XaaJv. 600

netCTa^Spo? 8' tû? MeveAdou KuSaAtjUoto•^'t'e1 roi' 8' aye /zotpa /ca/ci] Oavdroio reAo.aSe,CTOI, MereAae, BafifjvaL ev alvfjot 8' ore 817 crêS6i> rjaav 677*

ei1 afjLapre, Trapat 8e oc erpdrrer^ eyô?, 605Se aaKos Mei-'eAdou

ouracrev, ouSe 8ia77po SuvTycraro

1 The word crêi/Sorr; does not recur in Homer, but thesling is clearly alluded to in line 716 of this book, and inthe defence of the Greek wall in Book XII. the showers ofstones are twice compared to snowflakes (xii. 156, and 279-285), a comparison which more naturally implies smallstones hurled by slings than large ones cast by hand, althoughthese too are mentioned.46


even Menelaus, good at the war-cry, and he strodeforth with a threat against the prince, the warriorHelenus, brandishing his sharp spear, while the otherdrew the centre-piece of his bow. So the twain atthe one moment let fly, the one with his sharp spear,and the other with an arrow from the string. Thenthe son of Priam smote Menelaus on the breast withhis arrow, on the plate of his corselet, and off there-from glanced the bitter arrow. And as from a broadshovel in a great threshing-floor the dark-skinnedbeans or pulse leap before the shrill wind and themight of the winnower ; even so from the corseletof glorious Menelaus glanced aside the bitter arrowand sped afar. But the son of Atreus, Menelaus,good at the war-cry, cast, and smote Helenus on thehand wherewith he was holding the polished bow,and into the bow clean through the hand was driventhe spear of bronze. Then back he shrank into thethrong of his comrades, avoiding fate, letting hishand hang down by his side ; and the ashen speartrailed after him. This then great-souled Agenordrew forth from his hand, and bound the hand witha strip of twisted sheep's wool, even a sling x thathis squire carried for him, the shepherd of the host.

But Peisander made straight at glorious Menelaus ;howbeit an evil fate was leading him to the end ofdeath, to be slain by thee, Menelaus, in the dreadconflict. And when they were come near, as theyadvanced one against the other, the son of Atreusmissed, and his spear was turned aside ; but Peisanderthrust and smote the shield of glorious Menelaus,yet availed not to drive the bronze clean through,

47

HOMER

yap era/cos evpv, KareK\daOrj 8' evt KavXui° $* (frpeaiv fjcrt xap^ /cat eeATrero1 viKrjv.

Se epvacrdpevos £i<f>o$ dpyvpoyXov* 610dAr* em IletcravSpa)' o 8' UTT' acrm'So? et'Aero /caA^

, eXatva) d[j,(f>i' a(u,a 8' a.X\rjXa)v

r} roi 6 fj,ev KopvOos (f>d\ov rjXacrevOLKpOV VTTO X6(f>OV CLVTOV, 6 §6 TTpOCTlOVTa [ji€TtO7TOV 615

pivos virep TTVudrrjS' Aa/ce 8' oorea, rd> 8e ot ocraeTrap TTOCTIV al/jbaToevra âjjial Treaov evI8va)dr] 8e 7reao)v 6 8e Aa^- ev arrrjdecn

r' e^-evapiê /cat evô/êt'os' €770? f]v8a're drjv OVTO> ye vea? Aaraaiv raxvrrwXcov, 620V7T€p(f>iaXoL, 8ewrjs aKoprjToi, dvrrjs,

aXXrj? p,ev Xwfirjs re /<rat atcrêos1 ou/c e•^v e/>te Xwftiyaaade , /ca/cat Kvves, ov8e rt'Liqvos epL^penerea) âAeTT-^v eSetcrare%ewiov, os re TTOT' yjit^tt 8ta<^êp0et TroAtv atTr^v 625ot /iei» /couptSwyv dXoxov Kal /cr^/zara TroAAd/ict^f otêcr^' arcxyovre?, e?7et ^tAeeo-ê Trap' avrfj'vvv avr* ev vrjvalv jMeveatVere TrovroTropotcrtTrt?|0 oAoot1 jSaAeetv, /cretât 8' ypaias 'Aâtou?.aAAa Tro^t cr^Tjcrecrê /cat eacrvpevoi Trep "Aprjos" 630Zeu irdrep, y re ae <âcrt Trepi (ppevas eleven d'AAcov,avSpaJi/ ?}8e Oeuiv areo 8' e/c ra8e TraVraotoi/ 8^ avSpeo-crt âptêat v

1 /cat ^\7rero : jit^ya 5' •ffKirero Zenodotus.8 |t'0os dpyvp67j\ov : xe/oecrcri /adxaipar Zenodotus.

1 That the word KiWj is here feminine adds to the stingof the taunt (schol.).48


for the wide shield stayed it and the spear brake inthe socket ; yet had he joy at heart, and hope forvictory. But the son of Atreus drew his silver-studded sword, and leapt upon Peisander ; and hefrom beneath his shield grasped a goodly axe of finebronze, set on a haft of olive-wood, long and well-polished ; and at the one moment they set eachupon the other. Peisander verily smote Menelausupon the horn of his helmet with crest of horse-hair—on the topmost part beneath the very plume ; butMenelaus smote him as he came against him, on theforehead above the base'of the nose ; and the bonescrashed loudly, and the two eyeballs, all bloody,fell before his feet in the dust, and he bowed andfell ; and Menelaus set his foot upon his breast, anddespoiled him of his arms, and exulted, saying : " Insuch wise of a surety shall ye leave the ships of theDanaans, drivers of swift horses, ye overweeningTrojans, insatiate of the dread din of battle. Aye,and of other despite and shame lack ye naught,wherewith ye have done despite unto me, ye evildogs,1 and had no fear at heart of the grievouswrath of Zeus, that thundereth aloud, the god ofhospitality, who shall some day destroy your highcity. For ye bare forth wantonly over sea mywedded wife and therewithal much treasure, whenit was with her that ye had found entertainment;and now again ye are full fain to fling consumingfire on the sea-faring ships, and to slay the Achaeanwarriors. Nay, but ye shall be stayed from yourfighting, how eager soever ye be ! Father Zeus, insooth men say that in wisdom thou art above allothers, both men and gods, yet it is from thee thatall these things come ; in such wise now dost thou

VOL. II E 49

HOMER

Tpojcriv, rtov juevo? atev aTaardaXov, ouSe ovvavraiKopeaaadai Ojiioitov TrroAejiioio. 635

fj,€v Kopos eari, KCU VTTVOV KO! faXonr/rosre yXvKtpfjs KOL dfivfiovos ,6p)(T]6p,olo,1

ra>v rrep TI? Kai /-taAAov ee'ASerat e£ epov etvaiTToXefJiov Tpa>es Se /m^7?? a-Koprjroi eacrtv.

etTrcbv TO, jU-ev evre' dvro XP°°S oLifjLaroevra 640erdpoiau St'Sot) MeveAao?

§' aur' e£avrt,s LOJot uto? €7rdXro FIuAai/xeVeos12

v, 6 pa Trarpi <f>iXa> evreroTpoirjv, ouS' auri? aûcero TrarpiSa yatav 645

o? pa TOT' 'ATpet'Sao peaov GOLKOS ovraae Soupteyyuêv, ou8e StaTrpo SuvxjcraTO pâA/cov eAaaaai,a0 8' erdpCDV els edvos epâêTO K7]p' aAeetvtov,77avToae TraTTTaivaJV, (JLTJ TLS ^poa âA«roj eTraupTj.M^ptov^? S' aTnovTO? let âA/c^pe' otcrTot', 650/cat p' e'jSaAe yAourov /cara Se^tov auTap dl'crTO?dvTLKpii Kara KVOTIV VTT' oareov lêirepycrev.€^,6fji€vos Se /car' au^t ^>tAa»v ei/ êpcrtj^ eraipwvQvpov aTTOTrveiatv, cu? TC aKO)Xrj£ CTTI yat^/cetTo radeis' €K 8' at/xa /xeAav pee, Seue 8e yatat>. 655TOV juei' IlaÂaydves' /xeyaAi^TOpes1

e? $i(f)pov 8' dvecravres ayov TrpoTt "lAtovd^vv/j,€VoL- )ueTa Se (T0t Trarrjp KLG BdxpvaTTOLVTJ 8' oi> Tt? TraiSo? eytyi^cTO TedvqaJros.

1 Line 637 was rejected by some ancient critics.2 IIi'Acu/iei'eos : KiAcu/x^ceos.

3 LI. 658 f. were rejected by Aristarchus and Aristophanes.1 The slaying of Harpalion's father, Pylaemenes, is

narrated in v. 576, so we have here a curious, if unimportant,slip on the part of the poet. Zenodotus avoided this byreading KvXat^êos in line 643. In 659 the statement that50


shew favour to men of wantonness, even the Trojans,whose might is always froward, nor can they everhave their fill of the din of evil war. Of all thingsis there satiety, of sleep, and love, and of sweetsong, and the goodly dance ; of these things verilya man would rather have his fill than of war ; butthe Trojans are insatiate of battle."

With this, peerless Menelaus stripped from thebody the bloody armour and gave it to his comrades,and himself went back again, and mingled with theforemost fighters.

Then there leapt forth against him the son of kingPylaemenes, even Harpalion, that followed his dearfather to Troy unto the war, but came not back againto his dear native land. He then thrust with his spearfull upon the shield of the son of Atreus, from nighat hand, yet availed not to drive the bronze cleanthrough, and back he shrank into the throng of hiscomrades, avoiding fate, glancing warily on everyside, lest some man should wound his flesh with thebronze. But as he drew back, Meriones let fly athim a bronze-tipped arrow, and smote him on theright buttock, and the arrow passed clean througheven to the bladder beneath the bone. And sittingdown where he was in the arms of his dear comradeshe breathed forth his life, and lay stretched out likea worm on the earth ; and the black blood flowedforth and wetted the ground. Him the great-heartedPaphlagonians tended, and setting him in a chariotthey bare him to sacred Ilios, sorrowing the while,and with them went his father,1 shedding tears ; butthere was no blood-price gotten for his dead son.

no vengeance, or blood-money, was exacted for the slainman enhances the pathos, or the disgrace, of his fate.

51

HOMER

Tou Se Tldpis p,dXa Ov/Jiov a,7ro/cTa/zeVoio xoXwdr)' 660£elvos yap ol €T]V TroXecrcv juera IlaÂayoVeaovTOV o ye xcod/zevos Trpotet âA/cTJpe' oicrroV.T^V Se TIS Ev%r)va)p, IIoAutSou fjuavnos VLOS,d(f)vei6$ T' aya^d? re, KojOtv^d^t oi/a'a vaia)i>,05 p* eu etSw? ^^/o' oXorjV em vrjos e'/3aive' 665TToAAaKt yap ot e'eiTre yepwv dya96s TloXv'&osvovaa) VTT* dpyaXer) (j)6ia6<u of? e^ fieydpoicftv,rj per' 'Aâtcuv vrjvcriv VTTO Tpcbecrmra) />' ap:a T' dpyaXeyv 6a)rjv dXeeivevowcrov re crTuyepTy^, tva /XT) TrdBoL d'Ayea 6v[J,u). 670roy ^8aA' UTTO yvadpoXo Kal ou'aros" a»/ca Seajêr' 0,770 fjieXecnv, arvyepos 8' apa puv cr/cdros'

"Q? 01 /xev fjidpvavTO 8epas Trupo?"E/craip 8' ou/c eTreTruo-TO Stt'ciiAos', owSe ri T 'OTTI pa ot VTJCOV CTT' aptcrre/aa STJIOCDVTO 675Aaot VTT' 'Apyeta)v raâ 8' av /cat /cuSo? 'AâtaiveTrAero' Totes' yap yatTJoô? evvoaiyaiosorpvv' 'Apye[ov$, irpos Se a9evei avros cifJ,vvev'

aAA' e'xei; ?) TO. 77pcora 77^09 /cat retôs eaaAro,fjievos Aavaaiv TTf/ctvas1 crTtâ? curmo'Taajv, 680ecrav AtafTOS" Te vees /cat IlpWTecriAaoue'< ' aAos1 TroAt'^S' elpv/Jievat,' aurap vVepê

eSe'S/XTyro •%Qap,a\a)Ta,Tov , ZvQa fjidXcorayiyvovro pd^r) avroi re /cat

1 C/. xxiii. 296 f., where Echepolus is said to have giventhe mare, Aethe, to Agamemnon, thereby winning exemptionfrom personal service in the war.52


And for his slaying waxed Paris mightily wroth atheart, for among the many Paphlagonians Harpalionhad been his host; and in wrath for his sake helet fly a bronze-tipped arrow. A certain Euchenorthere was, son of Polyidus the seer, a rich man anda valiant, and his abode was in Corinth. He em-barked upon his ship knowing full well the deadlyfate to be, for often had his old sire, good Polyidus,told it him, to wit, that he must either perish of diredisease in his own halls, or amid the ships of theAchaeans be slain by the Trojans ; wherefore heavoided at the same time the heavy fine* of theAchaeans and the hateful disease, that he might notsuffer woes at heart. Him Paris smote beneath thejaw, under the ear, and forthwith his spirit departedfrom his limbs, and hateful darkness gat hold ofhim.

So fought they like unto blazing fire ; but Hector,dear to Zeus, had not heard, nor wist at all that onthe left of the ships his hosts were being slain by theArgives ; and soon would the Achaeans have gottenthem glory, of such might was the Enfolder andShaker of Earth that urged on the Argives and withalaided them by his own strength. Nay, Hectorpressed on where at the first he had leapt within thegate and the wall, and had burst the close ranks ofthe Danaan shield-men, even in the place where werethe ships of Aias and Protesilaus, drawn up alongthe beach of the grey sea, and beyond them the wallwas builded lowest; 2 there, as in no place beside, themen and their horses waxed furious in fight.

2 The well-known prowess of Aias was regarded as anadequate defence, so that a low wall was thought to besufficient.

53

HOMER

"Etv6a oe Boicurot Kal 'laot'e? eA^re^t-rawes1 , 685Ao/cpot Kal <&0iOi, Kal </>aiS<ftoei'Tes'crrrovofj erraioaovra vea)i> eôi/, ouSea>o"at avro crêtcov <f)Xoyi e'lKeXov "Europe,ot pêv 'Adrjvaicov TrpoAeAeypêVof e^ 8' apaTyPX* ^^S1 rTereaio Mep'eaêys', ot 8' aû,' eirovro 690Oei'Sa? re Srt^tos1 re Bta? T' eu's" avrapOuAet'8^9 T€ Mey^s 'A/.t(f)ia)v re Apa/cto? re,

0 O^tcov Se Me'Scoi/ re fieveTTToXepos rerot o /ê^ voQos VLOS 'Q'iXrjOS deioLO

ecr/ce Me8a>v, Aiai/ro? aSeA<£eos" avrap evcuev 695eV OuAa«:7], yairjs CLTTO irarpiSos, av8pa Kara/eras',yycorov fjbTjrpvLrjs 'EptojTriSof, ^ e\;' 'Ot'Aev?'avrap 6 'I^t'/cAoto vrat's1 rou <J>fAa/ci8ao .ot jiiev TT/OO QQiatv fjieyadvpajv dajprjxdevresvavfiiv a^jiVv6fJi€VOL pera BotcorcDv e/jidôvro' 700Ata? 8' ovxeri TrdpTrav , 'Ot'Aô? ra%vs uto?,tcrrar'1 aTr' Atavros1 TeAa/zaWou 01)8' rj[3ai,6v,dAA' c5? T' ey yeta) j8oe otVoTre rrr]Krov aporpovlaov dvpov €%ovre nraivzrov apfyi 8' apa cr^tTrpvfJivolaiv Ktpdeacri rroXvs dva.K7]Kiei, tSpcog" 705TOO £ie'v re ^wyov ofo^ evôov dfj,<f>ls eepyettep.eVa> Kara a>A/ca, rep,et Se re re'Acror dpovprjS'cos T(l> 7rap^Sej8aa»Te p,aA' ecrracrav dXArjXoiLV.aAA* T^ TOI TeXaptovidSr) noXXoL re Kat eoOXolXaol cTTovd* erapoi, ot ot adi<os eêSeôvro, 710oTTTrore /tii> Kdâros re Kal tSpcos yovvaff iKoi.ro.

1 LffTar' : 'x.a.êr Zenodotus.1 This is the only mention of the Ionian name in Homer,

and the epithet eX/cextrcopes is found only here. It does not,of course, apply to warriors on the field of battle, but is plainlya " national epitheton ornans " (Leaf), as the wearing of thelong, flowing tunic was regarded as an Ionian characteristic.54


There the Boeotians and the lonians,1 of trailingtunics, and the Locrians, and Phthians, and gloriousEpeians, had much ado to stay his onset upon theships, and availed not to thrust back from themselvesgoodly Hector, that was like a flame of fire,—eventhey that were picked men of the Athenians ; andamong them Menestheus, son of Peteos, was leader,and there followed with him Pheidas and Stichiusand valiant Bias, while the Epeians were led byMeges, son of Phyleus, and Amphion and Dracius,and in the forefront of the Phthians were Medonand Podarces, staunch in fight. The one, verily,even Medon, was a bastard son of godlike O'ileus andbrother of Aias, but he dwelt in Phylace, far fromhis native land, for that he had slain a man of thekin of his stepmother Eriopis, that Oileus had towife ; and the other, Podarces, was the son ofIphiclus, son of Phylacus. These, harnessed in theirarmour, in the forefront of the great-souled Phthians,were fighting in defence of the ships together withthe Boeotians. And Aias, the swift son of Oileus,would no more in any wise depart from the side ofAias, son of Telamon, no not for an instant; but evenas in fallow land two wine-dark oxen with one accordstrain at the jointed plough, and about the roots oftheir horns oozeth up the sweat in streams;—thetwain the polished yoke alone holdeth apart as theylabour through the furrow, till the plough cutteth tothe limit of the field ; even in such wise did the twoAiantes take their stand and abide each hard by theother's side. After the son of Telamon verily therefollowed many valiant hosts of his comrades, whowould ever take from him his shield, whenso wearinessand sweat came upon his limbs. But the Locrians

55

HOMER

ouS' ap* 'OiAtaS^1 /J,€yaXrjTOpi AoKpolov yap af(j)(, oraSiry UO/UI/TJ /utp;i>e (j)LXov

ov yap £XOV Kopvdas âA/c^pea? iTTouS' eôv dom'Say ey/cu/cAou? /cat //.ei'Awx Sovpa, 715aAA' dpa roôiaiv /cat euarpeêt otos1 aarraj"lAtov et? a/i' CTTOVTO TTtTroiBores, olaiv erreirarap(f>ea ^SaAAovTes1 Tpa>a)v pTJyvvvro âAayya?.Sry pa TO0' ot yitei' Trpoade avv evrecrt 8aiSaAeot(T6fj,dpvavTo TpaicrtV re «:at "E/cropt âXKOKopvcrrfl, 720ot 8' OTTiOev ^SaAAot'Tes' cXdvdavov ov8e n âp/i^yTpaje? fjUftvijaKOVTO' crvveKXoveov yap di'crroi.

"E^â Ace AeuyaAe'cu? ^770)^ dVo /cat /cAtcrtacovTpcDe? e^capTjcrai' Trpori "lAtot' rjvepoearcrav,el fir/ HovXv8d[J,as dpaavv "E/cropa etTre Trapacrras" 725" "E/crop, dufyavos earn Trapapp^rotat mdeadai.ovv€Ka roi Trept 8a»/ce êo? 77oAep:îa epya,rouW/ca /cat fiovXfj eOeXeis 7repitSp;evat a'AAcwaAA' ou Trai? ap:a TraVra Syâeat awro? eAecrât.aAAw p;ei> yap Sco/ce êos" TToXcfMTJia epya, 739aAAa) §' op^Tjarw, eVepa) Kidapiv /cat dotS^,2

aAAa) 8' ev OTrjdeacn ndet voov evpvoTra Zew?ea6\6v, TOV Se re vroAAot3 eTravplaKOvr* avdpa)Troi,/cat re noXeas ecracuae, /iaAtcrra Se /cawro? dveyi'CJ.avrap eycov epea) c3j /xot So/cet etvat apto-ra' 735Trdvrri yap ere Trept orefyavos iroXfôto Se'Srê*TpcDe? Se êyddvfjioi, e?ret /card retôs1 efirjoav,oi p:ev aupecTTacnv avv rev^criv, ot Se /zaôi/TatTravporepot TrXeoveacn,, /ceSaaêVres1 /card vfjas.

1 oi;5' d/j' 'Oi'XtaSy : d\X' o^^ 'IXiaSfl Zenodotus.2 Line 731, rejected by Aristarchus, is omitted in the

best MSS.3 TroXXoi : TToXXov Aristophanes.

56


followed not with the great-hearted son of Oi'leus,for their hearts abode not steadfast in close fight,seeing they had no brazen helms with thick plumesof horse-hair, neither round shields, nor spears of ash,but trusting in bows and well-twisted slings of sheep'swool had they followed with him to Ilios ; with thesethereafter they shot thick and fast, and sought tobreak the battalions of the Trojans. So the one partin front with their war-gear, richly dight, fought withthe Trojans and with Hector in his harness of bronze,and the others behind kept shooting from their cover;and the Trojans bethought them no more of fight,for the arrows confounded them.

Then in sorry wise would the Trojans have givenground from the ships and huts unto windy Ilios, hadnot Polydamas drawn nigh to bold Hector, and said :" Hector, hard to deal with art thou, that thoushouldest hearken to words of persuasion. Foras-much as god has given to thee as to none otherworks of war, therefore in counsel too art thouminded to have wisdom beyond all ; but in no wiseshalt thou be able of thine own self to compass allthings. To one man hath God given works of war,to another the dance, to another the lyre and song,and in the breast of another Zeus, whose voice isborne afar, putteth a mind of understanding, where-from many men get profit, and many he saveth;but he knoweth it best himself. So will I speakwhat seemeth to me to be best. Behold all aboutthee blazeth a circle of war, and the great-souledTrojans, now that they have passed over the wall,are some of them standing aloof with their arms, andothers are fighting, fewer men against more, scatteredamong the ships. Nay, fall thou back, and call

57

HOMER

dAA' dvaâcrcra/xevo? /cdAet ev#dSe rrdvras dpiarovs' 740evOev 8' civ /x,aAa Trdoav em0paacraip:e0a fiovXrjv,TI Kev eVi, vêcrcri TroAu/cATjurt Treaajpev,at /c' eWA^crt Oeos So/xevat Kpdros, r) K€V eVetraTrap VTyaw eX6a>fji€V aTTtj/JiOves. "*] yap eyta ye

//.T^ TO %di£,oi> a7roo'T')](rcovrat1 'Aâtot 745, evret Trapd vrjvcrw dvrjp dro? 77oAe'jU.oto

ov ovKerL TTctyû fj,dxr]s cr^^crecrât dfco."</>aro IToyAuSdpias1, d'Se 8' "E/cropt fivdos

8' e|- dê'cov awv revêaiv dAro<f)O)vrjaas evrea Trrepdevra TrpoorûSa' 750

uSdjU-a, cru /-lev avrov epVKaKe TravrasdpLOTOVS,

avrap e'yco /ceicr* efp:t /cat avrtdo) 7roAe'p:oto'atJ/»a 8' eAeucrop:at aurts1, eTT^v ew rots1 eTTtTet'Aco."

TH pa, /cat 6pfj,rj6r) opef VL(f)0€vri €OiKO)s,K€K\riya)v, Std 8e Tpa>a)v Tre'rer' 7)8' emKovpcov. 755ot §' e'? nat'ôtS^v dyaTTi^vopa riouAuSdp-avTaTrdvres eTreaaevovr' , eTret "EKTOpos1 eVAuov au8^.avrap 6 t±r)'i(j)op6v re yStTji/ ^' 'EAeVoto dVa/fro?'AomS7)v T' 'A8dp,avTa /cat "Acrtov, '^CpraKov vlov,(f)OLTa dva TTpo^dôvs Bi£,TJp,€vos, et TTOU e'</»eupot. 760TOWS' 8' ewp' ovKzn irdfATrav aTTôvas ouS' dv-

aAA' ot /i-et' 817 vrjvalv em Trpvp,vfjai,v 'Xepaiv UTT' 'Apyeia>v Ktaro I/JVXOLS oAe'o-avre?,ot 8' eV ret'êt eaav êjSA^jLteVot ovrdpevoi re.

2 Line 749 is omitted in many MSS.1 No subtleties of interpretation seem able to remove the

awkwardness of the comparison of a warrior charging upon58


hither all the bravest. Then shall we consider allmanner of counsel, whether we shall fall upon themany-benched ships, if so be the god willeth to giveus victory, or thereafter shall return unscathed backfrom the ships. Verily, for myself, I fear lest theAchaeans shall pay back the debt of yesterday,seeing there abideth by the ships a man insatiate ofwar, who no longer, methinks, will hold him utterlyaloof from battle."

So spake Polydamas, and his prudent counsel waswell pleasing unto Hector, and forthwith he leaptin his armour from his chariot to the ground; andhe spake and addressed him with winged words :" Polydamas, do thou hold back here all the bravest,but I will go thither and confront the war, andquickly will I come again, when to the full I havelaid on them my charge."

So spake he, and set forth, in semblance like asnowy mountain,1 and with loud shouting sped hethrough the Trojans and allies. And they hastedone and all toward the kindly Polydamas, son ofPanthous, when they heard the voice of Hector.But he ranged through the foremost fighters, in questof De'iphobus, and the valiant prince Helenus, andAdamas, son of Asius, and Asius, son of Hyrtacus, ifhaply he might find them. But he found them nomore in any wise unscathed or free from bane, butsome were lying at the sterns of the ships of theAchaeans, slain by the hands of the Argives, andsome were within the wall, smitten by darts orthe foe to a snowy mountain. Virgil, however, imitated it(Aen. xii. 699 ff.). One may, with Nitzsch, think of anavalanche, but there is nothing in the Greek to justify sucha rendering, and furthermore avalanches seem to be unknownin Greece.

59

HOMER

rov Se TOL^ evpe /zcr^? err* dpicrrepa Sa/cpuoecrcnys' 765Stoj/ 'AAe'âi'Spoi', 'EAeV^s1 Trocar ûVcojQapavvovd* erdpovs /cat €7rorpvvovra

8' lardfjievos Trpoae^f] alcr-^pols eWecrcrt-i, etSo? aptcrre, ywaifjiaves , r/TrepoTrevrd,

TTOV rot AT]'i'<f)o(36s re fill) 6' 'EAevoto ava/cro? 770'AcriaS^s1 T' 'ASa/zas1 ?}§' "Acrio?, 'Y/3ra/cot» utos1;TTOU Se rot 'Qdpvovevs; vvv a>Xero Tracra /car' a

Tov S' aure Trpoareenrev 'AAeâj/Spos1

" "E/cro/3, eVet rot dvfjios dvainov alndacrdai, 775aAAore §17 Trore fj,d)(Xov epwrjaat, TroXepoio

, eTret ouS' e/xe Trd/jLTrav dvaA/aSa yeiVaro

e ou yap Tra/oa ^rjucri f J i x ^ v yei/)a? trapcov,e'/c TOU 8' evddy eovres OjUiAeojiiev AavaoicrtI'ajAe/xecos" erapoi Se KareKraOev, ovs ov iêraXXas. 780cucu A^tîoôj re j8t7y 0' 'EAeVoio dvaKrosotêcrôv, fj,ai<pfj<n T€TV/j,p€va> eyêtr^crivdp,(f)OT€pa> Kara êt/oa- (f)6vov S' rjfjivve 1&povia>v.vvv S' a/)^', amir) ere KpaBLt] dvpos re /ceAeuet-

ls S' e/x/ze/zacores1 ayu,' ei/to/ze^', ouSe' rt <û,i 785SevTjcrecrâi, OCTT] 8vvapis ye Trapecm.

Trap Swa/a-t^ S' OUK ecrri /cat eaavp,€vov 7roAe|U,i£eii> .""Qs1 etVajv iraptTTeiaev aSeAiêiou <f>pevas rjpais'

jSav S' i'/zev eVâ /zaAtcrra fta^ /cat (f)vXo7ns tfev,d/Ji<f)i re Ke^S/oiov^j/ /cat ajuu/zova nofAuSajLtavra, 790OaA/cT^f 'Qpdalov re /cat avrldeov60


wounded with spear-thrusts. But one he presentlyfound on the left of the tearful battle, even goodlyAlexander, the lord of fair-tressed Helen, hearteninghis comrades and urging them on to fight; and hedrew near and spake to him with words of shame :" Evil Paris, most fair to look upon, thou that artmad after women, thou beguiler, where, I pray thee,is De'iphobus, and the valiant prince Helenus, andAdamas, son of Asius, and Asius, son of Hyrtacus ?Aye, and where, tell me, is Othryoneus ? Now issteep Ilios wholly plunged into ruin ; now, thoumayest see, is utter destruction sure."

Then spake unto him again godlike Alexander:" Hector, seeing it is thy mind to blame one in whomis no blame, at some other time have I haplywithdrawn me from war rather than now, for mymother bare not even me wholly a weakling. Forfrom the time thou didst rouse the battle of thycomrades beside the ships, even from that time weabide here and have dalliance with the Danaansceaselessly; but our comrades are dead of whomthou makest question. Only Dei'phobus and thevaliant prince Helenus have departed, both of themsmitten in the arm with long spears ; yet the son ofCronos warded off death. But now lead thou onwhithersoever thy heart and spirit bid thee, and asfor us, we will follow with thee eagerly, nor, methinks,shall we be anywise wanting in valour, so far as wehave strength ; but beyond his strength may no manfight, how eager soever he be."

So spake the warrior, and turned his brother'smind ; and they set out to go where the battle andthe din were fiercest, round about Cebriones andpeerless Polydamas, and Phalces, and Orthaeus, and

61

HOMER

T* 'Ac/cdvtoV re Mopvv 0', vT 'OL p" e£ 'AcrKavi'TjS €pi/3o)XaKos rjXdov dp,ot/3otTjot T?y Trporepr}' Tore Se Zeus cupcre p,dêcr$at.ot S' i'crav dpyaAe'coi' ave'jLtcov draAaj/TOt de'AArj, 795•^ pd ^' UTTO fipovrrjs TraTpos Ato? etcri Tre'SovSe,

uo 8' 6pd8a) dXi /uoyerai, ei/ 8e re TtaAAd

KVpTo, </>aA?jpio60vTa, vrpo /zeV T' aAA', avrap eiraAAa*

co? Tpcuc? 7T/30 //,ev aAAot dpypores, avrdp ZTT' d'AAoi, 800âpfjuaipovres dp r^ye/Jioveaaiv CTTOVTO.8' lyyetro, ^poroAoiyo) tcros1 "ApTjt,

" TrpoaOev §' eêv dcrTriSa vravroo-' etcrrjv,TTVKWiqv, TroAAos" 8' eTreAÂaro p(aA«:os"

d[j,(f)l Se ot KpordfioLoi âeivi^ cretero 7rrjAr)£. 805Travrrj 8' dfji(f)l <^»dAayyae'L TTCO? ot etêtav wracrm'StaaAA' ou o-uyêt 6vpov evt aTrjOtcraiv 'Ata? Se TTpaJros TrpOKaXeaaaro," Sat/xovte, crêSov eAê'1 rti] SetStcrcreat aurtt)?1 810'Apyet'oy?; ou rot TI /xd^s dSa^jU.op'e'? et/u,ev,dAAd Atos juaCTTiyi /ca/CT] e8d/X7j/xev 'Aâtot.•jy 07]i^ TTOI; rot dvpos ee'ATrerat lâXaTrdêivvrjas' d(f)ap Se' re êtpes" dfjivveiv elal /ecu rjfuv.TJ K6 TToXv (f)6air) ev vcuofjuevr] TroAt? 17 815X€palv v<J)' r)fj,eTepr)aw dXovad re TrepflopêV^ -TC.crot S' aura) ^>7jp:t o-êSov ep,p:evai, OTTTrore

1 aCTws : oiirws.62


godlike Polyphetes, and Palmys, and Ascanius, andMorys, son of Hippotion, who had come from deep-soiled Ascania on the morn before to relieve theirfellows, and now Zeus roused them to fight. Andthey came on like the blast of direful winds thatrusheth upon the earth beneath the thunder offather Zeus, and with wondrous din mingleth withthe sea, and in its track are many surging waves ofthe loud-resounding sea, high-arched and white withfoam, some in the van and after them others ; evenso the Trojans, in close array, some in the van andafter them others, flashing with bronze, followedwith their leaders. And Hector, son of Priam, ledthem, the peer of Ares, the bane of mortals. Beforehim he held his shield that was well-balanced uponevery side, his shield thick with hides, whereonabundant bronze had been welded, and about histemples waved the crest of his shining helm. Andeverywhere on this side and on that he strode for-ward and made trial of the battalions, if so be theywould give way before him, as he advanced undercover of his shield ; yet could he not confound theheart in the breast of the Achaeans. And Aiascame on with long strides, and was first to challengehim : " Good sir, draw nigh ; wherefore seekestthou thus vainly to affright the Argives ? In nowise, I tell thee, are we ignorant of battle, but bythe evil scourge of Zeus were we Achaeans subdued.Verily, thy heart hopeth, I ween, to despoil ourships, but be sure we too have hands to defendthem. In good sooth your well-peopled city is like,ere that, to be taken and laid waste beneath ourhands. And for thine own self, I declare that theday is near when in flight thou shalt pray to father

63

HOMER

All Trarpl Kai aAAoi? dOavdroiari

Qdaaovas IpTJKatv e/zeyai /caAAtVpiâs1 LTTTTOVS,OL CT€ TToAa'S' o'LaOVOl KOVLOVT€S TTeSlOlO." 820

n£i? dpa OL €L7TOVTL eVe'TTTaTai€TO$ vt/jLTrerr]?- €7n 8' t'aê Aao? 'ddpcrvvos olwva)' 6 8' d/êi'/JeTO rf>aioifios" Afav dfj,apTO€TT6s, jSouyai'e, TTOIOV eetTre?.et yap eywj/ oimo ye AIDS' Trai,? atytoôto 825

'fjfjiara iravra, TCKOL 8e /ze8' to? Tier' yA.6r)vair) /cai '

co? vw ê'pTj i 'Se /ca/coi> <ê'peTracri /xaA', eV Se cru TOICTI Tre^^creai, ai'/oe

e/xov Sopu fj,a,Kpov, o TOL xpda Aeipioevra 830' drdp Tpwajv Kopezis KVVCLS 178' olcovovs

8rjfj,a) KOI aap/ceacri, Treacbi' CTTI vr]valv 'AâicDv."*£}? apa (f)O)vriaa.s rjy^craTO' roi 8' a/x' CTTOVTO

r)Xfj OeaTreair), em 8' i'aê Aao? oTTiaQev.'Apyeioi 8' erepwOev emaôv, oi58e Aa$oi>ro 835

, dAA' e'jMevov Tpwtov cmovras dpicrrov?.7^ 8' djj,(f>oT€pcDV i/cer' aWepa /cai Aios


Zeus and the other immortals, that thy fair-manedhorses may be swifter than falcons—they that shallbear thee citywards, coursing in dust over the plain."

Even as he thus spake, there flew forth a birdupon the right hand, an eagle of lofty flight ; andthereat the host of the Achaeans shouted aloud,heartened by the omen ; but glorious Hector madeanswer : " Aias, witless in speech, thou braggart,what a thing hast thou said ! I would that I mineown self were all my days as surely the son ofZeus, that beareth the aegis, and my mother werethe queenly Hera, and that I were honoured even asare Athene and Apollo, as verily this day bearethevil for the Argives, one and all ; and among themshalt thou too be slain, if thou have the heart toabide my long spear, that shall rend thy lily-likeskin ; and thou shalt glut with thy fat and thy fleshthe dogs and birds of the Trojans, when thou artfallen amid the ships of the Achaeans."

So spake he, and led the way ; and they followedafter with a wondrous din, and the host shoutedbehind. And the Argives over against them shoutedin answer, and forgat not their valour, but abode theoncoming of the best of the Trojans; and theclamour of the two hosts went up to the aether andthe splendour of Zeus.

VOL. II F 65

IAIAAOS S

Neoropa 8' OVK eXadev ta^1? Trtvovrd TrepdAA' 'AovcA^TTidSTp eVea rrrepoevra 7rpocrrjv8a-" (f)pd£,eo, Sie Maâof, OTTCOS carat rdSe epya.'/jLeHyiov Sr) napa vrjvcrl fiori QaXep&v alâJv.aXXa av [A€v vvv mve Kadr^Jbevos aWoira olvov, 5et? o Ke OepfjLa Xoerpa evTrXoKa/Jios 'E/cayttTySrydep^vrj Kal Xovorj arro fiporov al/j,aro€VTa-avrap eycbv eXOcbv raâ etcro/ât ies1 irepLajTrr/v."

"0? etTTCui' OO.KOS eiAe TeTvypevov vios eoio,1

K€ifji€vov ev KXtcrirj, Spacrvfji^Seos tTTTroSa/uoio, 10âAâ) TTa^KJialvov' 6 8' ep^' aaTTt'Sa irarpos eoto.etAero S' a'A/ct//,ov eyô?, d/caêvov dêf âA/co),ffTTy 8' e/cro? K\iair)s, rdâ §' eto'tSev epyov det/ce?,TOI)? /xet' opivofjievovs, rovs Se K\oveovras omade,Tptoa? inrepdvfJLGvs' epepiTTTO Se retôs1 'Aâicov. 15a*? 8' ore Tropfivpy vreAayos" /zeya /cu/xart Ka>(f>u),z

6aa6fji€vov Atyecuv dvef^wv Xatifjrjpa KeXevOa,aurtos, oi5S' d'pa re TTpoKvXivSerai 01)8' eVepwcre7r/otV Ttâ K€Kpip,evov Kara^r/nevai IK Aio? ovpov,a>S o yepwv a>pfj,aiv€ 8ai£,6[j,€vos Kara 9vfJ,6v 20

T) )ue0' o/jLiXov LOL AavacDi'' 'ArpetSrjv 'Aya/ê/xôva, Trot/zeVa

66

BOOK XIV

AND the cry of battle was not unmarked of Nestor,albeit at his wine, but he spake winged words to theson of Asclepius : " Bethink thee, goodly Machaon,how these things are to be ; louder in sooth by theships waxes the cry of lusty youths. Howbeit dothou now sit where thou art and quaff the flamingwine, until fair-tressed Hecamede shall heat for theea warm bath, and wash from thee the clotted blood,but I will go straightway to a place of outlook andsee what is toward."

So spake he and took the well-wrought shield ofhis son, horse-taming Thrasymedes, that was lyingin the hut, all gleaming with bronze ; but the son hadthe shield of his father. And he grasped a valorousspear, tipped with sharp bronze, and took his standoutside the hut, and forthwith saw a deed of shame,even the Achaeans in rout and the Trojans high ofheart driving them ; and the wall of the Achaeans wasbroken down. And as when the great sea heavethdarkly with a soundless swell, and forebodeth the swiftpaths of the shrill winds, albeit but vaguely, nor doits waves roll forward to this side or to that untilsome settled gale cometh down from Zeus ; even sothe old man pondered, his mind divided this wayand that, whether he should haste into the throng ofthe Danaans of swift steeds, or go after Agamemnon,

67

HOMER

3e ol (frpoveovTi Sodaaaro KepSiov elvai,t CTT' 'ArpetS^v. ol S' aAAÂou? zvdpit,ov

Aa/ce Se a^>6 Trept xpot âA/co? aret/)^? 25£i<pe(rLV re «

Neoropi Se £v/J,/3Xr]VTo Storpeêe?a.viovT6?, OCTOt j

TuSet'S^s1 'OSycrcus" re /catTroAAov yap p" aTrdvevde /â^Tj? zlpva.ro vfjes 30^tv' e^' aAo? TroAtT^?' TO.? yap Trpcora?€ipvcrav, avrap retô? eVt 7ipup:v7jcrtvoOSe yap ovS' evpvs nep eajv e&vvijaaTo TrdcrasatyiaAo? VTâ? xaSeew, oreiVovro 8e Aaorrai pa TrpoKpocraa? epvcrav, Kal TrXrjcrav ctTracr^? 3517 twos1 crro/xa jLta/cpov,1 6'ow avvezpyadov a/cpat.TOJ p" ot y' oifjeiovT€sz dvTrjs Kal TroAe/xotoeyêi epetSo/zevot /ctot' ddpooi' a^vuro 8e crîtdvp,os evl aTTJOeacrw. 6 Sc ^vppXrjTo yepaio?,Ne'arcop, TTTTJ^G 8e dvpov evi OT^Qeaow 'Aâtcov.3 40TOJ^ /cat (f>ojvâas Trpoaefir] /cpetcov" oj Necrrop NTyA^taSi^, jLteya /cOSo? 'TtTrre AtTrcbv TToAtfjiov (f)diaT]Vopa Seup'Set'Sco ju,^ 8»^ jitot rehear) eiros o^Spt/ôs1 "E/crcop,

1 /j.a.Kp6i> : -rro\\6v Zenodotus, Aristophanes, and Arist-archus.

2 6\(/eioi>Tes : 8i/'' dtovres Zenodotus.3 Line 40 was rejected by Aristarchus. In the same

line for 'Axcuuw Zenodotus read er

1 The meaning appears to be that the ships of the chiefshad been drawn up on the shore first, and that they stood inthe row nearest to the sea (c/". line 75), the other ships standingin rows further to landward, while the wall had been builtbeyond the hindmost on the landward side. Which of the68

THE ILIAD, XIV. 23-44

son of Atreus, shepherd of the host. And as hepondered, this thing seemed to him the better—togo after the son of Atreus. But the others mean-while were fighting on and slaying one another, andabout their bodies rang the stubborn bronze, as theythrust one at the other with swords and two-edgedspears.

And Nestor was met by the kings, fostered of Zeus,as they went up from the ships, even all they thathad been smitten with the bronze, the son of Tydeus,and Odysseus, and Atreus' son, Agamemnon. Farapart from the battle were their ships drawn upon the shore of the grey sea; for these had theydrawn up to land in the foremost row, but hadbuilded the wall close to the hindmost.1 For albeitthe beach was wide, yet might it in no wise hold allthe ships, and the host was straitened ; whereforethey had drawn up the ships row behind row, andhad filled up the wide mouth of all the shore thatthe headlands shut in between them. The kingstherefore were faring all in one body, leaning each onhis spear, to look upon the war and the combat, andgrieved were the hearts in their breasts. And oldNestor met them, and made the spirit to quail inthe breasts of the Achaeans. Then lord Agamemnonlifted up his voice and spake to him : " O Nestor,son of Neleus, great glory of the Achaeans, where-fore hast thou left the war, the bane of men, andcome hither ? I fear me lest in sooth mighty Hector

outer rows of ships would be called irpdjr-q would depend onwhether the approach was from the seaward side (as here),or from the landward side (as in xv. 654). A slight difficultyis caused by the fact that irpv/ui>6s commonly denotes theextremity of some one object, not the last object in a series ;but no other rendering seems possible.

69

HOMER

a>S TTOT' fTrrjTreiXrjcrev evl Tpcbecra* dyopevcov, 45

fj,rj Ttpiv Trap vrjcov Trporl "lAtoy aTroveeaOai,

Trplv TTVpl vfjas eviTTpfjcrai, Krelvai Se Kal avrovs-

Kelvos TCOS dyopeve' ra 8rj vvv Trdvra. reAetrat.

to TTOTTOL, rj pa /cat a'AAot evKvtj/juBes 'Aâtoi

ev Qvfjia) pdAXovrat, epol ôAov, a>s Trep 'A^tAAew, 50

oi;S' edeXovat, /zaêcr#ai errl Trpvpvfjai veeacn."

Tov S' rj/Jieiêr^ eVeira Yeprjvios tTTTrora Ne'crrcop-

" rj ST^ ravrd y' erolâ TCTeuârat, oi5Se /cet1 dXXcos

Zeu? vifji/3pefjieT'r)s avros TrapareKTrjvaLTO.

Tetô? /Aev' yd/) §17 KareprfpLTrev, & eTreTTid/ubev 55

dppf]Krov vrjwv re Kal avraJv tlXap

ol S' eVt vTjvcrl Oofjcri /ia^v aAtaarov

cs' oi>8' dv ert yvoirjs fJidXa Trep oKOTTidt,a)V

v 'Aâtoi opivopevoi K\oveovT<u,,

co? emfjiL^ Kreivovrai, dvrrj 8' ovpavov t/cei. 60

rjnels Se ^>pa£c6//,>-#' orra)? ecrrat raSe epya,

ei rt voo? pefet. TToXe/jiov 8' OWK aft/j,

ov yap TTOJS fiepXypevov ecrri

8' ayre TrpocreetTrei' ava^ avSpc

" Necrro/o, eVet 81} vrjvalv eVt Trpvuvfjot, /zaôvrai, 65

Tetôs 8' OUK: e^paicr^,e rervy^vov, ov8e TL

fj €TTL TToAAa. Trddov Aai/aot, €\TTOVTO 8e

dpprjKTOV vi]a)v re Kal avrwv eiXap ccreadai,'

ovra) Ttov Ait fjLeXXei t>Trepp,€V€'i (f)iXov elvat,70


make good his word and the threats wherewith on atime he threatened us, as he spake amid the Trojans,even that he would not return to Ilios from theships till he had burned the ships with fire andfurthermore slain the men. On this wise spake he,and now all this is verily being brought to pass.Out upon it! surely the other well-greaved Achaeansare laying up wrath against me in their hearts, evenas doth Achilles, and have no mind to fight by thesterns of the ships."

Then made answer to him the horseman Nestor ofGerenia : " Yea, verily, these things have now beenbrought to pass and are here at hand, neithercould Zeus himself, that thundereth on high, fashionthem otherwise. For, lo, the wall has been throwndown, wherein we put our trust that it should bean unbreakable bulwark for our ships and ourselves.And the foemen at the swift ships maintain a cease-less fight, and make no end ; nor couldst thou anymore tell, wert thou to look never so closely, fromwhat side the Achaeans are driven in rout, so con-fusedly are they slain, and the cry of battle goethup to heaven. But for us, let us take thought howthese things are to be, if so be wit may aught avail.But into the war I bid not that we should enter ; inno wise may a wounded man do battle."

Then again made answer the king of men,Agamemnon : " Nestor, seeing they are fighting atthe sterns of the ships, and the well-built wall hathavailed not, nor in any wise the trench, whereatthe Danaans laboured sore, and hoped in their heartsthat it would be an unbreakable bulwark for theirships and for themselves—even so, I ween, must it bethe good pleasure of Zeus, supreme in might, that

71

HOMER

aTToXeadcu oV' "Apyeos evOdS* 'Aâtou?.1 7027'Sea p,ev yap ore2 Trpofipcov kavaolaiv dfJLwev,oloa Se vvv ore row? ^v oyLtcD? ju,a/cape(7crt deolcrtKvodvei, r/fJierepov Se pevos KOI êtpa? eoiqaev.aAA' ayed\ u>s av eycbv CITTOJ, Treida)(J,e6a Trdvres.vfjes ocrat Tr/acDrac eipvarai ctyp^t SaXaaof]?, 75eXKa)fj,ev} Tracra? 8e e/ovcrcro//,ev ei? d'Aawî 8' €77' eut'acDV opiAlaaojjiev, els o Kevvv£ deport], TJV /cat TT^ (XTrocr^CDVTat TroT/oaies" eWtra Se /cei' epvaaiêda vrjasov ydp TIS vefjieaus <f>vyeei,v KaKov, ou§' avct vuAcra. 80f$€\T€pov os (frevycw Trpocfujyrj KCLKOV r]e d

Tov 8' ap' i57ro8/)a tScui' Trpocre^'QSvacrevs'

'ArpetSr), TTOIOV ae eiros (frvyev epKos oovX6[j,€V* , at^' ajêAAe? cxet«reAtoi» crrparov aXXov<rr] [Active LV, jU7?S* dfjifîv dvaocrepev, olaiv apa Zeus 85eic veorrjTos e'Soj/ce /cat ej yfjpas roXvireveivapyaXeovs iroXefjiovs, 6(j>pa (f)6i6fj,€cr6a e/caCTTO?.owo) 817 jji€fj,ovas Tpaxuv TToXiv evpvdyviavKaXXziifieiv,3 r]s etve/c' ot^wojuev Ka/ca 77oAAa;alya, IJLTJ ris T* aAAo? 'AâicDi' rovrov aKovcrrj 90IJLV()OV, ov ov Kev dvrjp ye Sta arrofjia Tra/XTrav ayotro,o? rt? eTTtcrTatro T^crt (frpealv aprta /3d£,6ivcrKrjTTTovxos T' etT^, /cat ot ireidoLaro Aaotroacrot'S' ocrcrotcrtv au //,er' 'Apyetotatv avacrcrets1.j'Uj' Se creu (jt)voadfj,7]v Trdy^v <f)p<ivas, olov eeiTres"4 95

1 Line 70 is omitted in the best MSS.8 6Ve Aristarchus : 6'rt.

3 KaXXeiif/eiv : tKir^pueiv Zenodotus.4 Line 95 was rejected by Aristophanes and Aristarchus.

72


the Achaeans should perish here far from Argos,and have no name. I knew it when with a readyheart he was aiding the Danaans, and I know it nowwhen he is giving glory to our foes, even as to theblessed gods, and hath bound our might and ourhands. Nay, come, even as I shall bid, let us allobey. Let us drag down the ships that are drawnup in the first line hard by the sea, and let us drawthem all forth into the bright sea, and moor themafloat with anchor-stones, till immortal night shallcome, if so be that even at her bidding the Trojanswill refrain from war ; and thereafter might wedrag down all the ships. For in sooth I count it notshame to flee from ruin, nay, not though it be bynight. Better it is if one fleeth from ruin andescapeth, than if he be taken."

Then with an angry glance from beneath hisbrows Odysseus of many wiles addressed him : " Sonof Atreus, what a word hath escaped the barrier of thyteeth ! Doomed man that thou art, would that thouwert in command of some other, inglorious army,and not king over us, to whom Zeus hath given, fromyouth right up to age, to wind the skein of grievouswars till we perish, every man of us. Art thou intruth thus eager to leave behind thee the broad-way ed city of the Trojans, for the sake of which weendure many grievous woes ? Be silent, lest someother of the Achaeans hear this word, that no manshould in any wise suffer to pass through his mouthat all, no man who hath understanding in his heartto utter things that are right, and who is a sceptredking to whom hosts so many yield obedience as arethe Argives among whom thou art lord. But nowhave I altogether scorn of thy wits, that thou speakest

73

HOMER

o? KeXeai TroAeôto avvecrraoros /cat avvfjas evaaeXjjiovs aAaS' eA/ce/êv, 6'</>p' en jitaAAoi>Tpcdcrt [lev evKTa yevqrai ernKpareovai rrep efjurrjs,•fjfjiiv 8' CLITTVS oXeOpos eTTippeTTy . ov yap 'Aâtota^riôvoiv TroXe/Aov vf]O)v aAaS' €\KO[JLevda>v, 100aAA' aTTOTTdTTTaveovcrLV, epairjcrovcri 8e ^;ap/x7y?.eV#a /ce 0-17 fiovXr] SrjX-^crerai , opâpe Xatov."

Tov 8' Ty/zetêr' eTTeira ava£ avSpaiv 'Aya/Ae/iKOJV" c5 'OSucreu, jacxAa TTCOS //.€ /ca^t/ceo 6vfj,6v evtTrfjdpyaXey arap ov fj,ev eycov deKovras avojya 105visas' evaaeXfjiovs aAaS' eXi<ep,€v vlas 'AâtcSv.vw S' €117 o? rfja8e y' dpeivova [j,fJTiv Iviarroi,•TI veos r)£ TraAatos" e/ôt 8e /cep' daêva) eirj."

To ten Se /cat /xereetTre ^8017^ ayaô? AtOjLt'^S^s"« » \ > / » £ 0 \ / » » > / i ' \ nneyyus1 o-vrjp, ov orjua fj,arevaofjiev, at /c eueA^re 11U

TreiOeaOai, /cat 1177 Tt KOTCO ayacr^crê e/caaTos1

owe/ca 817 yeveT^ît vetoraros et//,i |iie0' vfuvTTOLTpos 8' e' dyadov /cat eya> yeVo? euô//,at etVai,TuSeo?, ov (drj/S-flOi Xvr^l Kara yata /caAuTrret.1

Ilo/oêt yap Tpet? TratSe? dfiv/jioves eêyevovro, USo't'/ceoy 8' eV IlAeupcDvi /cat atTretvTy KaAuScoi/t,"Ayptos1 ^Se Me'Aa?, rpiraros 8' ^v tTTTrora OtVeJ?,Trarpos e^toto Trar^/o' dperfj 8' ^v eôôs avrcav.aAA' o jitev avrodi, /zetvej Trar^p 8' e/AO? "Apye'i

" <S? yap TTOU Zeu? -rjOeXe /cat #eot d'AAot. 120'ASpTycrroto S' eyjj/ze 0vyarpa>v, vale Se oajpad(f>v6i6v ^Storoto, d'At? 8e ot ^cray dpovpai

1 Line 114 was rejected by Zenodotus and Aristophanea.74


thus, seeing thou biddest us, when war and battleare afoot, draw down our well-benched ships to thesea, that so even more than before the Trojans mayhave their desire, they that be victors even now,and that on us utter destruction may fall. For theAchaeans will not maintain their fight once the shipsare drawn down to the sea, but will ever be lookingaway, and will withdraw them from battle. Thenwill thy counsel prove our bane, thou leader of hosts."

To him then made answer, Agamemnon, king ofmen : " Odysseus, in good sooth thou hast stung myheart with harsh reproof ; yet I urge not that againsttheir will the sons of the Achaeans should drag thewell-benched ships down to the sea. But now Iwould there were one who might utter counsel betterthan this of mine, be he young man or old ; rightwelcome were it unto me."

Then among them spake also Diomedes, good atthe war-cry : " Near by is that man ; not long shallwe seek him, if so be ye are minded to give ear,and be no wise vexed and wroth, each one of you,for that in years I am the youngest among you.Nay, but of a goodly father do I too declare that Iam come by lineage, even of Tydeus, whom in Thebethe heaped-up earth covereth. For to Portheus wereborn three peerless sons, and they dwelt in Pleuronand steep Calydon, even Agrius and Melas, and thethird was the horseman Oeneus, that was father tomy father, and in valour was pre-eminent amongthem. He verily abode there, but my father wentwandering to Argos, and there was settled, for soI ween was the will of Zeus and the other gods.And he wedded one of the daughters of Adrastus,and dwelt in a house rich in substance, and abundance

75

HOMER

i, miAAoi Se (f)VToJv €oav opâroi,TToAAct Se ol TTpofiar' eovce4 /ce/cacrro Se Trdvra?

ra Se /zeAAer' d/coueûev, el1 ereof Trep. 125TO) ou/c aV jLte yevo? ye /ca/cov /<rat at'aA/ctSa

reâa/zeVov, ot» AC' eii etTroAe/AovSe /cat ovrdfj,€voi, nep dva

eV$a 8' eVetr' awrot /u.ev eôjêâ SÎOTTJTOS'e«r fieXeajv, fj,rj TTOV rt? e<^' e'A/cef eAKo? aprjrai' 130aAAous1 8' orpvvovTes €vi^cro[Ji€v , 01 TO rrdpos vrepOvfjico rjpa (faepovres dêffTao"' ouSe /xaôvrai."

«/~v )/ I /)> « ^> V « / \ \ \ / > £ >i2? eâc/ , ot o apa rov û,aAa /zei' /cAfoi/ 7)0

erridovTo 'f3av S' i^tej', "rjpX6 8' a/oa cr^tv aVa^ dvftp&v 'Aya-

0^8' dAaoaKomrjv efê KAyro? evvoaiyaios , 135dAAa yiter' avrovs irjXde TraAatai t^curt eoiwci?,2

Seftrep^v 8' e'Ae X6^p' 'Aya/xe^p'ovo? 'ArpetSao,/cat /xtv ^covijcra? eVea, Trrepoei^ra TrpocrTjySa1

], vvv ST^ TTOU 'AîAAryo? oAoot' /ciypai, <f)6vov /ecu (f>vt,av 'AâiojJ^ 140

eTret ot» ot eVt <j)peves, ouS'dAA' o ^tev cu? aTToAotTo, êos 8e e cnxaoi 8' ou 7ra> ju,aAa vrdyû êoi /xa/cape? /coreouow,dAA' ert 770i» T/ococuv rjyiJTOpes •>}§€ fj,e8ovT€sevpv Koviaovoiv TreStW, au 8' CTrdi/feat auros1 145

Trporl aarv veaiv arro /cat /cAtcrtacot'."/*ey' au'crev, erreaov/jLevos TreStoio.

oaaov T' eVvedîAot eVtaôv ^ 8e/ca^tAoi1 et Aristarchus : ws.2 After 136 Zenodotus added the line avriBttp Qoiviia dirdovt

76


was his of wheat-bearing fields, and many orchards oftrees round about, and withal many sheep ; and withhis spear he excelled all the Argives. Of these thingsit must be that ye have heard, whether I speak sooth.Wherefore ye shall not say that by lineage I am acoward and a weakling, and so despise my spokencounsel, whatsoever I may speak aright. Come, letus go down to the battle, wounded though we be,since needs we must. Thereafter will we hold our-selves aloof from the fight, beyond the range ofmissiles, lest haply any take wound on wound; butthe others will we spur on and send into battle, eventhem that hitherto have done pleasure to their re-sentment, and that stand aloof and fight not."

So spake he, and they readily hearkened to himand obeyed. So they set out to go, and the king ofmen, Agamemnon, led them.

And no blind watch did the famed Shaker ofEarth keep, but went with them in likeness of anold man, and he laid hold of the right hand ofAgamemnon, son of Atreus, and spake, and addressedhim with winged words : " Son of Atreus, now insooth, methinks, doth the baneful heart of Achillesrejoice within his breast, as he beholdeth theslaughter and rout of the Achaeans, seeing he hathno understanding, no, not a whit. Nay, even so mayhe perish, and a god bring him low. But with theeare the blessed gods in no wise utterly wroth ; nay,even yet, I ween, shall the leaders and rulers of theTrojans raise the dust of the wide plain, and thyselfbehold them fleeing to the city from the ships andhuts."

So saying, he shouted mightily, as he sped overthe plain. Loud as nine thousand warriors, or ten

77

HOMER

eV iroAepq), ejotSa ^vvdyovres "Aprjos,e/c aT^6ea(f)tv OTTO, Kpeiwv evoai-^Qaiv 150

rJKev 'Aâtotcra' Se /ze'ya adevos e]u,/3aA' e/cdcrra)Kapoir), dXXrjKTOv Tro\€fj,it,ew ^Se ^dêadai.

"H/oTj 8' etcretSe xpvaoOpovos o(f)daX[J,oi<naraa' e' - Oj3AujU,7roio (XTTO /noir aurt/ca 8' eyvaj

7rot7rvvoj/Ta /xa^Tjj/ at'a Kvbidveipav 155/cat Saepa, Xatye §e dvfj,o)-

8' CTT' d/cporaTTj? Kopv(f>rjs TroXviriSaKos "I8rjsrj[j,€vov etcretSe, arvyepos 8e 01 errAero 6vp,a>.lAepprjpiê S' eVetra f3oa)7n$ TTOTVLO. "Hpv)OTTTTCDS e£a7rd(j)oi,ro Ato? voot' alyioôio. 160•j 'Se Se ot /cara QVJJLOV dpiarrj (f>at,v6TO j3ov\TJ,i\6elv el? "ISyv ev cvrvvaaav e avrrjv,

j,€ipai,TO trapaSpadeeiv (f>iA6rr]Ti,TO> 8' VTTVOV aTTrmovd re Aiapov reP\€(f>dpoi,aiv tSe c^pecrt 7revKaAifj,r)ari. 165

8' t/xev ej ddXapôv, rov ot ^tAo? uto? erevêv1, Tru/am? Se Ovpas aradpolaiv eT

KpVTTTrj, rrjv S' ou êo? aAAos" dva>yevy' etcreAôucra Ovpas eTredrjKe (fraewds.

pev vp&rov dtto xpoo? lêpoevrog 170Xvfj,ara rrdvra Kadr^pev, aAeti/faro 8e AtV eAata>d[ji/3poaia) eSavu>, TO pd ot reQvcuêvov r\evrov /cat Kt,vvfjL€Voio Atos Kara âA/co^Sares1 8caefjLTrrjs €s ycudv re KCLI ovpavov t/cer' avrfjur).rqj p' ' ye XPâ KaAov dAeu/japevr) toe âtra? 175

/caAou? d/jifipoaiovs1 ex Kpdaros ddavdroto.d/x^t 8' ap' dfj,f3p6ai,ov eavov taa6\ ov ot '

: KM. neyd\ovs.78


thousand, cry in battle when they join in the strifeof the War-god, even so mighty a shout did the lord,the Shaker of Earth, send forth from his breast;and in the heart of each man of the Achaeans heput great strength, to war and fight unceasingly.

Now Hera of the golden throne, standing on apeak of Olympus, therefrom had sight of him, andforthwith knew him as he went busily about in thebattle where men win glory, her own brother andher lord's withal; and she was glad at heart. AndZeus she marked seated on the topmost peak ofmany-fountained Ida, and hateful was he to herheart. Then she took thought, the ox-eyed, queenlyHera, how she might beguile the mind of Zeus thatbeareth the aegis. And this plan seemed to hermind the best—to go to Ida, when she had beauteouslyadorned her person, if so be he might desire to lieby her side and embrace her body in love, and shemight shed a warm and gentle sleep upon his eye-lids and his cunning mind. So she went her way toher chamber, that her dear son Hephaestus hadfashioned for her, and had fitted strong doors tothe door-posts with a secret bolt, that no other godmight open. Therein she entered, and closed thebright doors. With ambrosia first did she cleansefrom her lovely body every stain, and anointed herrichly with oil, ambrosial, soft, and of rich fragrance ;were this but shaken in the palace of Zeus withthreshold of bronze, even so would the savour thereofreach unto earth and heaven. Therewith she an-nointed her lovely body, and she combed her hair,and with her hands plaited the bright tresses, fair andambrosial, that streamed from her immortal head.Then she clothed her about in a robe ambrosial,

79

HOMER

"' a&Krjoracra, Ti'0et 8' eVt SatSaAa TroAAa*8' everfjai Kara, ar^jdos Trepovaro. 180

Se £,tovrj e/carov dvcrdvois a.pa.pvir),ev 8' apa epâra Tj/cei' evrptjroioi \ofiolcn

fjiopoevra- âpt? 8' aTTeAa/ZTrero TToAArj.O) 8' ecf)V7T€pde KaXviftCLTO Sta Oedcov

KaXu> v^yctrea)' Aeu/cov 8' 7]v r/cAios ws" 185TTOcrcrt 8' UTTO XLTTCLpolcnv eSrjaaro /caAa,avrap enel 8rj Trdvra irepl XP°^ d'fjKarjS^p' t/iev e«- QaXdfjioio, KaXecraa/JLevr) 8' 'Acf>po$LTr]vrwv a'AAojv cLTrdvevde. 6ea>v vrpo? [J,vdov eei77e*" rj pd VV fJLOL TL TTidoiO, (f>l,XoV T6KOS, OTTL K6V CITTO), 190

• e /cev apvrjaaLO, Koreacraêvif] TO yeowe/c' eyco Aavaotcrt, ay 8e Tpcbecrcnv

8' ^/xet'/Ser' eVetra AIDS' Qvydrt]p *eaâ ded, dvyarep /AeyaAoio Kpovoio,

au'8a o TI <f>pov€6is' reAeaat 8e p:e dvpos avcoyev, 195et ovvapai, reAecrat ye /cat et rereXea/Jievov eariv."

Trjv Se 8oAo^>pove'oucra TTpocrrjvSa TTOTVKL" 80? vw jLiot <^>iAoT7jra /cat t/xepov, a> re CTU$ap,va ddavdrovs rjê Ovr^rovs dvdpa>7rov$.et/it yap oJ/ro/ievTj TroXvfiopftov Tretpara yatTjs1, 200'D/ceavov re, flecD^ yeveatv, /cat p,7yre'pa TTJ^W,ot //,e crôicrt Sop,otcrtv eu rpeôv ^S' artraAAov,

'Peiaj, ore re Kpovov evpvoTra ZeujvepQe /caêlcre /cat drpuyeroto daXdorarjs'

TOVS et//.' 6i/jo[j,€vrj, /cat cr</>' a/cptra vet/cea Aucrar 205

1 The word ôpoecra is of wholly unknown significance.Various etymologies are given by Leaf in ?oc.; see alsoAgar, Homer tea, pp. 320 f. The rendering given aboveassumes a connexion with /j-opov, mulberry, " berry-like."The word recurs in Od. xviii. 298 in the same connexion.80


which Athene had wrought for her with cunningskill, and had set thereon broideries full many ; andshe pinned it upon her breast with brooches of gold,and she girt about her a girdle set with an hundredtassels, and in her pierced ears she put ear-rings withthree clustering1 drops; and abundant grace shonetherefrom. And with a veil over all did the brightgoddess veil herself, a fair veil, all glistering, andwhite was it as the sun ; and beneath her shiningfeet she bound her fair sandals. But when she haddecked her body with all adornment, she went forthfrom her chamber, and calling to her Aphrodite,apart from the other gods, she spake to her, saying :" Wilt thou now hearken to me, dear child, in whatI shall say ? or wilt thou refuse me, being angeredat heart for that I give aid to the Danaans and thouto the Trojans ? "

Then made answer to her Aphrodite, daughter ofZeus : " Hera, queenly goddess, daughter of greatCronos, speak what is in thy mind ; my heart bidsme fulfil it, if fulfil it I can, and it is a thing thathath fulfilment."

Then with crafty thought spake to her queenlyHera : " Give me now love and desire, wherewiththou art wont to subdue all immortals and mortalmen. For I am faring to visit the limits of the all-nurturing earth, and Oceanus, from whom the godsare sprung, and mother Tethys, even them thatlovingly nursed and cherished me in their halls,when they had taken me from Rhea, what timeZeus, whose voice is borne afar, thrust Cronos downto dwell beneath earth and the unresting sea. Themam I faring to visit, and will loose for them their

VOL. II Q 81

HOMER

yap S^pw ^povov dXXrjXajv dTTe%ovraieVVTJS KCLL (^tAoTTJTOS1, 67761 ôAo? €fJ,7T€CT€ dv/J-OJ.

el Keivto y' eWecrcn TrapaiTfeinQovaa. (j)iXov Krjpels evvrjv aWacu/u 6fJia>dr}vai (j)iX6rr)TL,alei Ke a(j)i <îXt] re Kal alSoir] /caAeot/XTjv." 210

T^v 8' avre Trpoaeeiire (friXopneiftrjs 'A(f>po8irrj •" OVK ear' ouSe eoi/ce reov eVo? apvrjcracrdai,'

yap TOU apiorov ev a.yK.oivr\aiv laveLS."1

, /cat OLTTO ar7Jdea(f)iv eXvaaro Kearov lyâvra, evda re ol 6e\Krrip(,a rtavra rervKro' 215

evd* evi fj,ev (j>iX6rr]s, ev 8' i/j,epos, ev 8' oapLarvsTrdpfiacris, 17 T' e/cAei/re voov TTVKO, rrep <f>poveovro)V.rov pa 01 IJLtjSaAe êpalv erros r' eâr' e/c T' ovo/Aaê*" T^ vw, rovrov i(j,dvra rea) ey/carêo KoX-no),

& evL Trdvra rerev-ârai- oi)8e ere ^n^/xi 220ye veeadai, 6 ri (j>peai crfjac

(f>dro, p,eiSrjaev Se floa>7Tis TTOTVIO. "ra 8' eVeiTa eai2 eyKardero

H /iev e)8^ TTjOO? 8a>fj,a Aio? dvydrrjp '8' diâcra, XiTrev piov OuAuyMTroio, 225

8' em/Sacra Kal 'H/AaîTyv epareivrjvaevar' e<^' iTnroTToXcov SpyKtov opea vufioevra,aKpordras Kopvfids, ouSe x$ova fjidprrre'/• ' A /i ' < > > > \ / 5n 'eg- Ac/oco o CTTI TTOVTOV eprjaero

8' eloaîKave, TroXiv Qeioio Qoavros. 230O) £vfjbj3Xr]ro, Kao(,yvr\ru> Qavdroio,

ev T' apa ot û %etpi eTros1 r' eâr' e/c T'" "^Trve, ava£ Trdvrcov re deaJv Trdvriov T' dvdpwrrcov,

1 Line 213 was rejected by Aristophanes and Aristarchus.2 6$ : /xecr^ Zenodotus.

82


endless strife, since now for a long time's space theyhold aloof one from the other from the marriage-bed and from love, for that wrath hath come upontheir hearts. If by words I might but persuade thehearts of these twain, and bring them back to bejoined together in love, ever should I be called dearby them and worthy of reverence."

To her again spake in answer laughter-lovingAphrodite : "It may not be that I should say theenay, nor were it seemly ; for thou sleepest in thearms of mightiest Zeus."

She spake, and loosed from her bosom the broideredzone, curiously-wrought, wherein are fashioned allmanner of allurements ; therein is love, thereindesire, therein dalliance—beguilement that stealsthe wits even of the wise. This she laid in her hands,and spake, and addressed her : " Take now and layin thy bosom this zone, curiously-wrought, whereinall things are fashioned ; I tell thee thou shalt notreturn with that unaccomplished, whatsoever in thyheart thou desirest."

So spake she, and ox-eyed, queenly Hera smiled,and smiling laid the zone in her bosom.

She then went to her house, the daughter of Zeus,Aphrodite, but Hera darted down and left the peakof Olympus; on Pieria she stepped and lovelyEmathia, and sped over the snowy mountains of theThracian horsemen, even over their topmost peaks,nor grazed she the ground with her feet; and fromAthos she stepped upon the billowy sea, and so cameto Lemnos, the city of godlike Thoas. There shemet Sleep, the brother of Death; and she claspedhim by the hand, and spake and addressed him :" Sleep, lord of all gods and of all men, if ever thou

83

HOMER

877 TTOT' €[j,ov erros e/cAue?, 178' en /cat vwrreidev eytu Se K€ rot tSe'eo -^dpiv rjfj,ara ndvra. 235

ju-ot Zôs VTT' o<f>pvcrcv oaaeeVet /cei; eyw TrapaXeô/jiat, ev

3e rot SOJCTCO /caAov dpovov, acf)diTOv atet,HâKTros1 8e AC' e/xo? Trai's1 d/^^tyuêts'

cxcr/C'^cras', WTTO Se Oprjvvv rroaiv ijcrei, 240TOJ /cev eTTtcrôtTj? Xnrapovs 77080?

8' a7Tap€L^6fj,€Vos TrpooeYTTTOS" •

, TrpecrjSa 0ea, dvyarep jiteyaAotov ju-ev /ce^ eyco ye êaiv atetyeêracot'KaT£VVTJcraip,t,, /cat av Trora^toto peedpa 24i5

6V Trep yeVeai? Travrecrcrt Teru/craf8' ou/c cxv eya> ye Kpoviovos1 aacrov I

ouSe /careu^crat/x', ore /xi] awro? ye• '8^ yap /ie /cat aAAo re^ enivvaaev7]/j,aTL TCO ore Kelvos VTTepdvfjLOS Ato? uto? 250eTrAeev 'lAtdêv, Tptocov TroXcv e£aXa7Td£a$.77 rot eya) /Ltev e'êAfa Ato? voov atytoôtovrjbvpos aâîtûêts" cry Se' ot /ca/ca, /iâao dvjj,a),opaaa' apyaAeajv dve/xa>v evrt TTOVTOV diJTas,/cat /Atv eVetra Koai^S' ew vato^teV^j/ aTreVet/ca?, £55voa<f)i (f>t,Xa>v Trdvraiv. 6 8' eVey/ao/iei/os' xaAeVati/e,pLTrrdt,a>v Kara Sa)//,a Oeovs, e^tte 8' eôâ rrdvrtov^rjref /cat /ce' /A' atcrrov 0,77' aWepos e/JifiaXe irovrto,

1 The story of the sacking of Troy by Heracles is told inbrief in v. 638-651. The events recorded in the presentpassage occurred as the hero was returning from Troy toArgos. In xv. 18 ff. we are told of the punishment meted84


didst hearken to word of mine, so do thou even nowobey, and I will owe thee thanks all my days. Lullme to sleep the bright eyes of Zeus beneath hisbrows, so soon as I shall have lain me by his sidein love. And gifts will I give thee, a fair throne,ever imperishable, wrought of gold, that Hephaestus,mine own son, the god of the two strong arms, shallfashion thee with skill, and beneath it shall he set afoot-stool for the feet, whereon thou mayest rest thyshining feet when thou quaffest thy wine."

Then sweet Sleep made answer to her, saying:" Hera, queenly goddess, daughter of great Cronos,another of the gods, that are for ever, might I lightlylull to sleep, aye, were it even the streams of theriver Oceanus, from whom they all are sprung ; butto Zeus, son of Cronos, will I not draw nigh, neitherlull him to slumber, unless of himself he bid me.For ere now in another matter did a behest of thineteach me a lesson, on the day when the glorious son1

of Zeus, high of heart, sailed forth from Ilios, whenhe had laid waste the city of the Trojans. I, verily,beguiled the mind of Zeus, that beareth the aegis,being shed in sweetness round about him, and thoudidst devise evil in thy heart against his son, whenthou hadst roused the blasts of cruel winds over theface of the deep, and thereafter didst bear him awayunto well-peopled Cos, far from all his kinsfolk.But Zeus, when he awakened, was wroth, and flungthe gods hither and thither about his palace, andme above all he sought, and would have hurled mefrom heaven into the deep to be no more seen, had

out to Hera by Zeus, when he awakened from slumber, andin i. 590 ff. of the fate of Hephaestus, who sought to bear aidto his mother.

85

HOMER

el fj,r) Nu£ S/^retpa1 Oetov ecracocre KOLT-TJV iKOfji-r]v favyaiv, 6 Se Travaaro ^wo/Aeôs" Trep. 260aêro yap /XT) Nu/crt #057 aTrodvfjiia epSot.yuV ay royro p,' dvcoyas a/xâvoi/ a'AAo reAecrcrai.

S' airre 7rpocreet77e jSoojTn? vroT^taej 7117 8e cry ravra /xera (frpealcos T/)c6eacriv dprjêfjiev evpvoTra 2,rjv 265

to? ' Hpa« ATÔ? TT€piâ)aaro 7T<u8os COLO;dAA' i,' ', eycu Se «:e TOI XapLrwv piavScocrco OTrytejuei'cu /cat cn^p /ce/cA^crât OLKOLTW,

t//,etpeat i t a ra mu>Ta.2

(f)dro, xyparo 8' "Two?, d^teiôfievo? SeTrpocryvSa' 270

a'ypei vw ^ttoi opoacrov ddarov J^rvyos v$a)p,%€Lpl Se T^ tTzp?) fJ>tv e'Ae %66va TrovXrrj S' 6X6/377 a'Aa p,ap/Jiap€r)v, tVa vcDtv

cSa' ot tvepde deol Kpovov d[j,<f)ls eovres,e/zot Swcretv Xaptraiv /zt'at' orrXorepdcw, 275

YlaaL0€rji>, 77? T' ayro? e'eASoât T^'/xara rrdvra.""D? eâr', ouS' d-nidrâe ded XevKcbXevos "Hprj,

o/Avve S' w? e/ce'Aeue, 0€ovs 8' ovo^vev drravra?rovs VTToraprapLovs , ot TtrTyi/e? /caAeWrat.avrap evret p 6/zocreV re reAeurTio'eV re TOV opKov, 280TO) pTJT'TjV A.TJpVOV T6 KCU "IfJifipOV O.OTV AtTTWTf,

e'oxra/AeVti), piâ Trprjcraovre KeXevOov.§' iKecrdrjv TToXvTriSaKa, /^ryrepa OrjpoJV,

A.CKTOV, odi rrpcoTov AtTre'r^v aAa- TOJ 8' €7rt êporou8e TroScDv wo cretero y'A?. 285

Aristarchus : ^reipa, Zenodotus and Aristo-phanes.

2 Line 269 is omitted in most MSS.

86


Night not saved me—Night that bends to her swayboth gods and men. To her I came in my flight,and besought her, and Zeus refrained him, albeit hewas wroth, for he had awe lest he do aught displeasingto swift Night. And now again thou biddest mefulfil this other task, that may nowise be done."

To him then spake again ox-eyed, queenly Hera :" Sleep, wherefore ponderest thou of these things inthine heart ? Deemest thou that Zeus, whose voiceis borne afar, will aid the Trojans, even as he waxedwroth for the sake of Heracles, his own son ? Nay,come, I will give thee one of the youthful Graces towed, to be called thy wife, even Pasithea, for whomthou ever longest all thy days."

So spake she, and Sleep waxed glad, and madeanswer saying : " Come now, swear to me by theinviolable water of Styx, and with one hand lay thouhold of the bounteous earth, and with the other ofthe shimmering sea, that one and all they may bewitnesses betwixt us twain, even the gods that arebelow with Cronos, that verily thou wilt give me oneof the youthful Graces, even Pasithea, that myselfI long for all my days."

So spake he, and the goddess, white-armed Hera,failed not to hearken, but sware as he bade, andinvoked by name all the gods below Tartarus, that arecalled Titans. But when she had sworn and madean end of the oath, the twain left the cities of Lemnosand Imbros, and clothed about in mist went forth,speeding swiftly on their way. To many-fountainedIda they came, the mother of wild creatures, even toLectum, where first they left the sea ; and the twainfared on over the dry land, and the topmost forestquivered beneath their feet. There Sleep did halt, or

87

HOMER

" /)> ""V* \ >/ / \ \€VU I 7TVOS p,€V €fJi€iV€ TTCLpOS /AtO?

els eXdrrjV dvafias TrepL^KCTov, T) TOT' lv "IS^7T€<f)VVLa St' rj€pos aWep* t/cavev

' o£oiow TTeTrvKaaêvos eiXarivoiaLV,opvidi \iyvpfl evaXiyKtos, rjv T' ev opeaai 290

/ci/cA^cr/covat êot, avfipes Se Kvpivbiv.Se KpaiTTvais TrpoaefirjaeTO Ydpyapov aKpov

OLOV ore TrpwTov 7T€p efjaa'yeadrjv ^tAorTjrt, 295ets evvrfv (f>ot,TaJVT€ , (f>(,Xovs XrjOovTe ro/câ?.

^ 8' avTrjs TTpOTToipoiOev enos r' e^»ar' efc r*

j, TTT^ /xe/zauta /car* OOAiû,7rot» roS' t/ca1777701 8' ou Trapeacri /cat ap/zara, TO>I> /c'

Tov Se $oXo<f>poveovaa TrpoarjvSa TTOTVIO. "Hprj • 300

re, êaiv yeveaw, KOL /ArjTepa Tr)6vv,OL [j,€ a(f)ol&L So/zoicrtv eu Tpefyov 178' drtTaAAovrou? etju,' oi/JO[j(,€vr] , /cat a<^' a/cptra vet/cea Aucrai'1

yap 8rjpoii yjpovov dXXijXa)i> a77eôi/rat 305/cat </>iAoT7jros', e77et ôA

L7T7TOL 8' eV TTpv^vcopeir] TToXvmSaKos "ecrraa', ot /z' otaoucrtr eVt Tpaêp^v re /cat vypijv.vvv Se creu etVe/ca Seupo /car' OuAi;/^77oy roS' IKO.VU),pr] 7760? /not /zereVetra ôAwaeat, at /ce aiwrrfj 310

77POS1 S<3/j,a fiadvppoov '8' aTra/jLeiôfjievos 7Tpo0€<

Zeus"

1 Lines 304-306 were rejected by Zenodotus and Aristo-phanes.88


ever the eyes of Zeus beheld him, and mounted up ona fir-tree exceeding tall, the highest that then grew inIda; and it reached up through the mists into heaven.Thereon he perched, thick-hidden by the branchesof the fir, in the likeness of a clear-voiced mountainbird, that the gods call Chalcis, and men Cymindis.

But Hera swiftly drew nigh to topmost Gargarus,the peak of lofty Ida, and Zeus, the cloud-gatherer,beheld her. And when he beheld her, then loveencompassed his wise heart about, even as when atthe first they had gone to the couch and had dalliancetogether in love, their dear parents knowing naughtthereof. And he stood before her, and spake, andaddressed her : " Hera, with what desire art thouthus come hither down from Olympus ? Lo, thyhorses are not at hand, neither thy chariot, whereonthou mightest mount."

Then with crafty mind the queenly Hera spakeunto him : " I am faring to visit the limits of theall-nurturing earth, and Oceanus, from whom thegods are sprung, and mother Tethys, even them thatlovingly nursed me and cherished me in their halls.Them am I faring to visit, and will loose for themtheir endless strife, since now for long time's s-pacethey hold aloof one from the other,from the marriage-bed and from love, for that wrath hath fallen upontheir hearts. And my horses stand at the foot ofmany-fountained Ida, my horses that shall bear meboth over the solid land and the waters of the sea.But now it is because of thee that I am come hitherdown from Olympus, lest haply thou mightest waxwroth with me hereafter, if without a word I departto the house of deep-flowing Oceanus."

Then in answer spake to her Zeus, the cloud-

89

HOMER

/cetcre fjuev earl Kal voTepovvw'i 8' ay' eV (f)iX6rr]Ti rpaTTelopevov yap rro) TTore p,' a>Se êa? epo? ouSe yvvaiKos 315dvfjiov eVi GTTJOeaai TrepnrpoxvOeis eSd[J,aoa€V,01)8' OTTOT' rjpaad^'Yjv 'I^tov^ re/ce ITetptôov, 6e6<f)iv fjujaTtop'01)8' ore 7T€p Aaârys' KaXAivfivpov '^ re'/ce FlepcrTja, Travrcov dpi8eiKerov dvSpaJv 320ouS' ore $otv6Acos Kovpt)s r- re/ce AOI MtVaji/ re /cat avrLQeov

ore ?re e ^ e ? o?58' '" '^ p" 'Hpa/cAâ Kparep6(f)pova yeLva.ro TratSa4

17 8e Atcovvcrov Se/xeA^ re/ce, âp/â fiporolaiv 325o*3S' ore A^/xTjrpos' KaAAtTrAoAca/xoio dvdocnf]s,ouS' OTTOT€ AT^TOU? ept/cuSeo?, ouSe creu avrrjs,J)S creo vw epa/zat /cat /ze yAu/cy? tjuepos1 atpet."

Toi' Se 8oXo<j>pov€ovaa TrpocnûSa Trdrvta "Hpiy" atvorare KpoWS^, TTOLOV rov p,vdov eenres- 330et vw er ^tAdr^Tt AtAcueai evvrjdrjvai

ev /copy^^crt, TO, Se TTpOTTtcfjavrai anavra"/c' eoi, et rt? va>t $ecDv aleiyeverdwv

' d6pijaeL€, deolai Se Tracrt /êreXOwv7T€(f>pd8oL ; OVK dv eya) ye reov irpos Sa>/xa veoLfj,r]v 335e^ ewTj? dvaraaa, vepeacrr^rov Se /cev et7j.dAA' et ST^ p' eOeXeis /cat rot (f>iXov eVAeTOeariv TOI ddXafjLos, rov roi <f>iXos VLOS erev"H<j)aiaros, rrvKwas Se dvpas aradpolaLv eev6' i'ojuev Keiovres, eTret I'u rot evaSev ew^." 340

S'Zeus"

1 Lines 317-27 were rejected by Aristophanes andAristarchus.90


gatherer: " Hera, thither mayest thou go evenhereafter. But for us twain, come, let us take ourjoy, couched together in love ; for never yet did desirefor goddess or mortal woman so shed itself aboutme and overmaster the heart within my breast—nay,not when I was seized with love of the wife of Ixion,who bare Peirithous, the peer of the gods in counsel;nor of Danae of the fair ankles, daughter of Acrisius,who bare Perseus, pre-eminent above all warriors ;nor of the daughter of far-famed Phoenix, that bareme Minos and godlike Rhadamanthys ; nor of Semele,nor of Alcmene in Thebes, and she brought forthHeracles, her son stout of heart, and Semele bareDionysus, the joy of mortals ; nor of Demeter, thefair-tressed queen ; nor of glorious Leto ; nay, noryet of thine own self, as now I love thee, and sweetdesire layeth hold of me."

Then with crafty mind the queenly Hera spakeunto him : " Most dread son of Cronos, what a wordhast thou said ! If now thou art fain to be couchedin love on the peaks of Ida, where all is plain toview, what and if some one of the gods that arefor ever should behold us twain as we sleep, andshould go and tell it to all the gods ? Then verilycould not I arise from the couch and go againto thy house ; that were a shameful thing. But ifthou wilt, and it is thy heart's good pleasure, thouhast a chamber, that thy dear son Hephaestusfashioned for thee, and fitted strong doors upon thedoor-posts. Thither let us go and lay us down, sincethe couch is thy desire."

Then in answer to her spake Zeus, the cloud-

91

HOMER

Hprj, pyre Oe&v TO ye SeiSt$t /Jiyjre TLV* dv$pa>vcrdai' rolov rot eyco V€<j)os dpfiiKaXvijja)

ouS' av v&'i SiaSpd/cot 'He'Ato? wep,re Krai oûrarov TreAerai âo? claopdacrdai." 345

yaa, /cat ay/cd? e)ua/)7TTe Kpwoy Trat? ^

rotcrt 8' UTTO ~)(6a)v Sta 0ue^ veodrjXeaXCOTOV 0* eparj€VTa iSe KpoKov T^§' vaKivOovTTVKVOV Koi fj,aXai<6v, o? aTTO ^davosTO) eVi Xe^daOrjv, em Se ve(f)€\if]v eaaavro 350tcaXrjv xpvcreiTjv ari\Trval §' aTremmov eepaai.

"Q? o juev drpejAas euSe rrarrfp dva Fapyapa)VTTVO.) KOI (f>L\6rr]ri Sa/zei's1, eê §' dy/ca?fir} Se êeip* eVi i^râ? 'Aâtcov v^Su/xo? "

epecov youôâ) ewocrtyata)1 355u 8' lardfjievos eVea Trrepoevra TrpocrûSa-

vvv Aavaoicri, nooret'Saov, €7Td/j,vve,KV&OS oTrat,€ p,ivvvdd nep, o'0p' ert eu'Set

Zeus1, eVei aura) eya; [j,aXaKov irepl Ko>/xa KaXvifia-"Hpi7 8' ei' îtAoT^Tt rraprjTTa^v evvrfdfjvai ." 360

"O? eLTTOJV 6 [M€V OpX€r' ^™ /<:ÛT« 0wA' dvdpWTTtDV,TOV 8' en /uaAAov dvrjKev dfjivv eleven, Aavaolaiv.avTLKa 8' ev TTpairoiai /ieya TcpoQopojv €KeXevaev" 'Apyetot, /<ai 817 awre ^Qiep.ev "E/cropi viKrjvTlpLafjiiBrj, "va vrjas eXrj /cat /cuSo? ap-rjrai; 365dAA' o jU.ev OUTCO ^crt /cat eiêrat,2 owe/c' 'A^tAAeu?vr)valv GTTL y>Xa<f>vpfjcn /zeVet /ceôAco/zeVo? •qrop-

8' ou rt AtTyt' 770^17 ecrcreTat, et /cev ot d'AAotorpwcbped' dpvvefjiev dAAÂotcrti'.

1 Ss a7ro x&oj'os ui/'oa' Hepye : IV aTroZenodotus.

2 ei>'x€Tat : ^X?reTat Zenodotus.

92


gatherer : " Hera, fear thou not that any god orman shall behold the thing, with such a cloud shallI enfold thee withal, a cloud of gold. Therethroughmight not even Helios discern us twain, albeit hissight is the keenest of all for beholding."

Therewith the son of Cronos clasped his wife inhis arms, and beneath them the divine earth madefresh-sprung grass to grow, and dewy lotus, andcrocus, and hyacinth, thick and soft, that upbarethem from the ground. Therein lay the twain, andwere clothed about with a cloud, fair and golden,wherefrom fell drops of glistering dew.

Thus in quiet slept the Father on topmost Gargarus,by sleep and love overmastered, and clasped in hisarms his wife. But sweet Sleep set out to run tothe ships of the Argives to bear word to the Enfolderand Shaker of Earth. And he came up to him, andspake winged words, saying : " With a ready heartnow, Poseidon, do thou bear aid to the Danaans,and vouchsafe them glory, though it be for a littlespace, while yet Zeus sleepeth ; for over him haveI shed soft slumber, and Hera hath beguiled him tocouch with her in love."

So spake he and departed to the glorious tribesof men, but Poseidon he set on yet more to bear aidto the Danaans. Forthwith then he leapt forth amidthe foremost, and cried aloud : " Argives, are weagain in good sooth to yield victory to Hector, sonof Priam, that he may take the ships and win himglory ? Nay, even so he saith, and vaunteth thatit shall be, for that Achilles abideth by the hollowships, filled with wrath at heart. Howbeit him shallwe in no wise miss overmuch if we others bestirourselves to bear aid one to the other. Nay, come,

93

HOMER

aAA' dyed\ a)? aV eyaiv etVaj, 7T€i9a>fJ>eda rravres- 370damoes oaoat, apiorat evl arparw rjoeeaadfjievoi, Ke(f>aXds Se TravaiOrjoiv KopvdeamKpvi/tavres, êpaiv re rd fj,aKp6rar* e'io/jiev avrdp tyuiv Tyy-^crojLtat, ou§' ert"E/cropa Hpuapi^rjv /zeveeiv /xaAa Trep /zeâaira. 375os1 8e /c' av-^/) fjievexapiJios, eêt 8' oAt/yo^ cra/co?

CO/iO)/r ' ; ^ o / » c.» » > ><> iv c> / »»

êtpovt <pa)Ti OOTOJ, o o ev 0.077101 ju.ett,ovt OVTCD.*Q,S efiad* , ol 8' apa rou fj,d\a {juev K\VOV rjoe

TTiQoVTO '

TOVS 8' aurot fiaaiXfjes eKoaôv ovrdfj,€voi vre/j,'OSfcreus1 re /cai 'ATpetS^s1 ' Aya/xe/xvco^ • 3808' C7T6 TrdvTas dpTjLa reuê' a/zet/fov

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oe OdXaaoa TTOTL KXiaias re veas re'Apyeicov ol Se £vviaav ^leyaAaj aAaA^Ta).ouVe 6aXdaor)s Kvp,a roaov jSoaa TTOTI êpcroi/,2

TTovroOev opvvêvov TTVOLIJ Bopeco aAeyetv^' 395rrvpos ro&aos ye TTOTI /3p6(j,os aWopevoio

1 Lines 376 f. were rejected by Zenodotus, Aristophanes,and Aristarchus.

2 Lines 394 f. were placed by Zenodotus after 399.94


even as I shall bid, let us all obey. In the shieldsthat are best in the host and largest let us harnessourselves, and our heads let us cover with helms all-gleaming, and in our hands take the longest spears,and so go forth. And I will lead the way, nor,methinks, will Hector, son of Priam, longer abide, howeager soever he be. And whoso is a man, staunchin fight, but hath a small shield on his shoulder, lethim give it to a worser man, and himself harnesshim in a large shield."

So spake he, and they readily hearkened to him,and obeyed. And the kings themselves, albeit theywere wounded, set them in array, even the son ofTydeus, and Odysseus, and Atreus' son Agamemnon.And going throughout all the host, they made ex-change of battle-gear. In good armour did the goodwarrior harness him, and to the worse they gave theworse. Then when they had clothed their bodies ingleaming bronze, they set forth, and Poseidon, theShaker of Earth, led them, bearing in his stronghand a dread sword, long of edge, like unto the light-ning, wherewith it is not permitted that any shouldmingle in dreadful war, but terror holds men alooftherefrom. But the Trojans over against them wasglorious Hector setting in array. Then verily werestrained the cords of war's most dreadful strife bydark-haired Poseidon and glorious Hector, bearingaid the one to the Trojans, the other to the Argives.And the sea surged up to the huts and ships ofthe Argives, and the two sides clashed with a mightydin. Not so loudly bellows the wave of the seaupon the shore, driven up from the deep by thedread blast of the North Wind, nor so loud is theroar of blazing fire in the glades of a mountain

95

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ovpeos lv Prjcrays, ore r' copero KcuefjievOUT' avefjios roaaov ye nepl Spvaiv yir)Trv€i, os T€ /zdAtora /xe'ya jSpe'ocro-77 dpa Tpcoajv /cat 'Aâtcov eVAero (fraivr) 400SeivoV avadvTcov, 6V eV dAATjAotcrtv opovaav.

Atavro? Se Trpujros d/covricre </>ai'Si/>tosi "E/crcopeyêi, errei rerpaTTTO irpos idv ol, ouS'rfi pa Suco reAa/iaii'e Trept ar^dT) rot o /xev aoLKeos, 6 8e (fraoydvov dpyupoÂou- 405TCI) ot pvodcrdrjv repeva xpoa. ^waaro 8' "E/crwp,OTTI p'd ot ySeAo? a>/ct» ercocriov €K(f>vyea?/f §' erapcov etj edvos e^dêro /c^p'rov /.iev eVetr' 0,7110vra fj,€ya$ TeAapcovto? Ata?êp/AaSt'aj, Ta p'a TroAAd, 9oda>v e^/Ltara vrjajv, 410Trap 770CTI âpvaêva>v eVuAtVSero, raiv eV detpa?arrjOos ê^X-qKei vrrep avrvyosaTp6fj,j3ov 8' cos* ecrcreue /3aAco^, vrept S' e'Spaêcos S' 6' ' UTTO TrXrjyfjs Trarpos Ato? c'feptTTTj Spy?Trpoppiôs, &€Lvr) Se deeiov ytyêrat oBfj,^ 415e£ at)T^?, TOV 8' ou Trep eêt Opdaos o? /cet' i'S^rateyyvs eobv, âAeiros1 Se Ato? /xeydAoto Kepavvos,to? CTree*' "E/cropo? co/ca âp;at /zeVo? eV Kovirjai'Xîpos S' 6K/3aXev eyxos, evr' ayrai S' dcrTrts1 ed(f>dr]Kol Kopvs, dfJi<f)L Se' ot jSpdê reuêa Trot/ct'Aa âA/co).1 42Cot Se p,eya tdôrres1 €7T6$pafj,ov vies '

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ovrdorat oi)Se fiaXelv rrplv yap rrepifiriaav aptarot,1 Line 420 is omitted in some MSS.

96


when it leapeth to burn the forest, nor doth the windshriek so loud amid the high crests of the oaks—thewind that roareth the loudest in its rage—as thenwas the cry of Trojans and Achaeans, shouting interrible wise as they leapt upon each other.

At Aias did glorious Hector first cast his spear, as hewas turned full toward him, and missed him not, butsmote him where the two baldrics—one of his shieldand one of his silver-studded sword—were stretchedacross his breast; and they guarded his tenderflesh. And Hector waxed wroth for that the swiftshaft had flown vainly from his hand, and back heshrank into the throng of his comrades, avoiding fate.But thereupon as he drew back, great TelamonianAias smote him with a stone ; for many there were,props of the swift ships, that rolled amid theirfeet as they fought; of these he lifted one on high,and smote Hector on the chest over the shield-rim,hard by the neck, and set him whirling like a topwith the blow; and he spun round and round. Andeven as when beneath the blast of father Zeus anoak falleth uprooted, and a dread reek of brimstoneariseth therefrom—then verily courage no longerpossesseth him that looketh thereon and standethnear by, for dread is the bolt of great Zeus—even sofell mighty Hector forthwith to the ground in thedust. And the spear fell from his hand, but theshield was hurled upon him, and the helm withal,and round about him rang his armour dight withbronze. Then with loud shouts they ran up, thesons of the Achaeans, hoping to drag him off, andthey hurled their spears thick and fast; but no oneavailed to wound the shepherd of the host withthrust or with cast, for ere that might be, the bravest

VOL. n H 97

HOMER

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98

d^dfaros : addvarov Zenodotus.2 voacpi, KI.OVTO. : voatfuv eovra.


stood forth to guard him, even Polydamas, andAeneas, and goodly Agenor, and Sarpedon, leader ofthe Lycians, and peerless Glaucus withal, and of therest was no man unheedful of him, but before himthey held their round shields ; and his comrades liftedhim up in their arms and bare him forth from the toilof war until he came to the swift horses that stoodwaiting for him at the rear of the battle and theconflict, with their charioteer and chariot richly dight.These bare him groaning heavily toward the city.

But when they were now come to the ford of thefair-flowing river, even eddying Xanthus, that im-mortal Zeus begat, there they lifted him from thechariot to the ground and poured water upon him.And he revived, and looked up with his eyes, andkneeling on his knees he vomited forth black blood.Then again he sank back upon the ground, and bothhis eyes were enfolded in black night; and the blowstill overwhelmed his spirit.

But when the Argives saw Hector withdrawing,they leapt yet the more upon the Trojans, andbethought them of battle. Then far the first didswift Aias, son of O'ileus, leap upon Satnius and woundhim with a thrust of his sharp spear, even the sonof Enops, whom a peerless Naiad nymph conceivedto Enops, as he tended his herds by the banks ofSatnioeis. To him did the son of O'ileus, famed forhis spear, draw nigh, and smite him upon the flank ;and he fell backward, and about him Trojans andDanaans joined in fierce conflict. To him then camePolydamas, wielder of the spear, to bear him aid,even the son of Panthous, and he cast and smoteupon the right shoulder Prothoenor, son of Areilycus,and through the shoulder the mighty spear held its

99

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Se fJidXiara Satypovt, BV/JLOV opive,

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TH p' ' ei5 ytyvcoCT/ccDv, TpcDa? 8' aô? e'AAa/?e dvôv. 475eV^' 'A/capa? ITpd^taôi' BotajTioi/ ovraae Sovpi,

o 8* v(>e\K€ 7ro8ouv.

1 yeveTjv : pa <pvty Aristophanes.100

THE ILIAD, XIV. 4-32-477

way ; and he fell in the dust and clutched the groundwith his palm. And Polydamas exulted over him interrible wise, and cried aloud : " Hah, rbethinks, yetagain from the strong hand of the great-souled sonof Panthous hath the spear leapt not in-vain. Nay,one of the Argives hath got it in his flesh, andleaning thereon for a staff, methinks, will he go downinto the house of Hades."

So spake he, but upon the Argives came sorrowby reason of his exulting, and beyond all did he <=j;irthe soul of Aias, wise of heart, the son of Telancon',for closest to him did the man fall. Swiftly then hecast with his bright spear at the other, even as hewas drawing back. And Polydamas himself escapedblack fate, springing to one side ; but Archelochus,son of Antenor, received the spear ; for to him thegods purposed death. Him the spear smote at thejoining of head and neck on the topmost joint of thespine, and it shore off both the sinews. And farsooner did his head and mouth and nose reach theearth as he fell, than his legs and knees. Then Aiasin his turn called aloud to peerless Polydamas :" Bethink thee, Polydamas, and tell me in goodsooth, was not this man worthy to be slain in requitalfor Prothoenor ? No mean man seemeth he to me,nor of mean descent, but a brother of Antenor,tamer of horses, or haply a son ; for he is most liketo him in build."

So spake he, knowing the truth full well, andsorrow seized the hearts of the Trojans. ThenAcamas, as he bestrode his brother, smote with athrust of his spear the Boeotian Promachus, who wasseeking to drag the body from beneath him by the

101

HOMER

TO) 8* 'Aicaûa? EKTro.yAoj' enevâro paKpov avaas'Apyeiot id/zcopoi, d7retAaa»v aKoprjToi,

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yvcorov evl /ieya/ootcrtv dp^? dA/CTTôa AtTrecrât." 435«/"» " J ' ' A ' P . S V / S 5 > /Us eôar , Apyetotcrt o aôs yeiêr evf a/x,ei/oto •

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n^veAecus" 8e epvcradpevos £i(f>os o£v/ze'acrov eXaaaev, airrfpaêv 8e ;

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1 Line 500 was rejected by Aristarchus.

102


feet. And over him Acamas exulted in terrible wise,and cried aloud : " Ye Argives, that rage with thebow, insatiate of threatenings, not for us alone, lookyou, shall there be toil and woe, but even, in likemanner shall ye too be slain. Mark how yourPromachus sleepeth, vanquished by my spear, to theend that the blood-price of my brother be not longunpaid. Aye, and for this reason doth a man praythat a kinsman be left him in his halls, to be a warderoff of ruin."

So spake he, and upon the Argives came sorrowby reason of his exulting, and beyond all did he stirthe soul of wise-hearted Peneleos. He rushed uponAeamas, but Acamas abode not the onset of the princePeneleos. Howbeit Peneleos thrust and smoteIlioneus, son of Phorbas, rich in herds, whom Hermesloved above all the Trojans and gave him wealth; andto him the mother bare Ilioneus, an only child. Himthen did Peneleos smite beneath the brow at theroots of the eyes, and drave out the eyeball, and theshaft went clean through the eye and through thenape of the neck, and he sank down stretching outboth his hands. But Peneleos drawing his sharpsword let drive full upon his neck, and smote off to thethe ground the head with the helmet, and still themighty spear stood in the eye ; and holding it onhigh like a poppy-head he shewed it to the Trojans,and spake a word exultingly : " Tell, I pray you, yeTrojans, to the dear father and the mother of lordlyIlioneus to make wailing in their halls, for neitherwill the wife of Promachus, son of Alegenor, rejoicein the corning of her dear husband, when we youthsof the Achaeans return with our ships from out ofTroy-land."

103

HOMER

? fidro, Toy? 8' apa Trdvras VTTO rpofj,os e'AAa/?eyvla,

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r Se /car' ovrafj,€vrjv coretA^rov 8e cr/coros1 ocrcre KaXvi/te.

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rpecradvTcuv, ore re Zeus ev <f>6/3ov oporj.1 Line 509 was rejected by some ancient critics.

104


So spake he, and thereat trembling seized the limbsof them all, and each man gazed about to see how hemight escape utter destruction.

Tell me now, ye Muses, that have dwellings onOlympus, who was first of the Achaeans to bear awaythe bloody spoils of warriors, when once the famedShaker of Earth had turned the battle. Aias verilywas first, the son of Telamon. He smote Hyrtius,the son of Gyrtius, leader of the Mysians stalwartof heart ; and Antilochus stripped the spoils fromPhalces and Mermerus, and Meriones slew Morysand Hippotion, and Teucer laid low Prothoon andPeriphetes ; thereafter Atreus' son smote with athrust in the flank Hyperenor, shepherd of the host,and the bronze let forth the bowels, as it clovethrough, and his soul sped hastening through thestricken wound, and darkness enfolded his eyes.But most men did Aias slay, the swift son of Oileus ;for there was none other like him to pursue withspeed of foot amid the rout of men, when Zeusturned them to flight.

105

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1 Lines 18-31 were rejected by Zenodotus.106

BOOK XV

But when the Trojans in their flight had passedover the palisade and the trench, and many had beenvanquished beneath the hands of the Danaans, thenbeside their chariots they stayed, and were halted,pale with fear, terror-stricken ; and Zeus awoke onthe peaks of Ida beside Hera of the golden throne.Then he sprang up, and^stood, and saw Trojans alikeand Achaeans, these in rout, and the Argives drivingthem on from the rear, and amid them the lordPoseidon. And Hector he saw lying on the plain,while about him sat his comrades, and he was gaspingwith painful breath, distraught in mind, and vomitingblood ; for not the weakest of the Achaeans was itthat had smitten him. At sight of him the fatherof men and gods had pity, and with a dread glancefrom beneath his brows he spake to Hera, saying :" Hera, that art hard to deal with, it is the craft ofthine evil wiles that hath stayed goodly Hector fromthe fight, and hath driven the host in rout. VerilyI know not but thou shalt yet be the first to reapthe fruits of thy wretched ill-contriving, and I shallscourge thee with stripes. Dost thou not rememberwhen thou wast hung from on high, and from thyfeet I suspended two anvils, and about thy wristscast a band of gold that might not be broken ? Andin the air amid the clouds thou didst hang, and the

107

HOMER

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op/co? SetroraTo? re TreAet jLta/capecrcri Oeolai,arj 9' itpT) K€(f>aXr] /cat vunrepov Aeô? auTaVKovpioiov, TO jLtev oi5/c av eya> TTOTC /xa,!/' o/xdaat/Af 40//.•»7 St' e/z^f toTTjTa IlocreiSacov evoai^dojv

7rr)[j,aiV€(. TpaJas re /cat "E/cTo/)a, TOtcrt 8' dptfyei,aAAa TTOU auTW Ovôs eVoT/owet /cat a

retpo/jLevovs 8' e?Tt vrjvmv ISajv eXerjaev 'avrdp Tot /cat Kziva) eya> TrapaiJiv6r]<jaLfj,r]v 45

TT; t/xev ^ /cev 817 CTU, /ceAatveê'?, ^yepovevr^s."1 Line 33 was rejected by Zenodotus and Aristophanes.

108

THE ILIAD, XV 21-46

gods had indignation throughout high Olympus;howbeit they availed not to draw nigh and loosethee. Nay, whomsoever I caught, I would seize andhurl from the threshold until he reached the earth,his strength all spent. Yet not even so was myheart eased of its ceaseless pain for godlike Heracles,whom thou when thou hadst leagued thee with theNorth Wind and suborned his blasts, didst send overthe unresting sea, by thine evil devising, and thereafterdidst bear him away unto well-peopled Cos. Himdid I save from thence, and brought again to horse-pasturing Argos, albeit after he had laboured sore.Of these things will I mind thee yet again, that thoumayest cease from thy beguilings, to the end thatthou mayest see whether they anywise avail thee,the dalliance and the couch, wherein thou didst liewith me when thou hadst come forth from amongthe gods, and didst beguile me."

So spake he, and the ox-eyed, queenly Herashuddered ; and she spake and addressed him withwinged words : " Hereto now be Earth my witness andthe broad Heaven above, and the down-flowing waterof Styx, which is the greatest and most dread oathfor the blessed gods, and thine own sacred head,and the couch of us twain, couch of our weddedlove, whereby I verily would never forswear myself— not by my will doth Poseidon, the Shaker ofEarth, work harm to the Trojans and Hector, andgive succour to their foes. Nay, I ween, it is hisown soul that urgeth and biddeth him on, and hehath seen the Achaeans sore-bested by their shipsand taken pity upon them. But I tell thee, I wouldcounsel even him to walk in that way, wherein thou,0 lord of the dark cloud, mayest lead him."

109

HOMER

*£ls <f>dro, juei'S'/jO'ev Se Trarrjp dvSpwv re dewv re,KOLL fjuiv d/Ltet/3ojU,evos eVea nrepoevra TrpocrrjvSa-" €t jaev 817 ov y' evretra, POWTTLS TroTi/ia "HpTj,tcroi> €jU.ot (f>povzovaa juer' aQavdroiai KadiÔLs, 50raj Ke IloaetSacov ye, /cat et ju,aAa ^SouAerat aXXrj,cdifta jueracrTpei/fcte wov jLtera crov /cat e/ioi' /c^p-dAA' et STJ p' ereov ye /cat drpe/ce'cos1 dyopeuet?,

w jLtera ^>uAa decov, Kat SeOpo KaXeaaovT' eAêjuevat /cat 'ATroAAcova /cAuToroôv, 55

6'<^>p' T] />tev /zero, Aaw 'AâtcoveXdrj, /cat etTrrjat IlocretSdajvt dVa/crt7Tavcrd[j,€vov TTO\€fJiOio TO, d Trpo? Sci/xa^' i"E/cropa S' orpvvrjai fjud^v e? Oot^So?auri? S' e/ATTveucr^cTt /ze'vo?, XeXddrj 8' dSuvdajv 60at vw |iiii> retpoucrt /cara fypeva.?, avrdp 'Aâtou?awns' aTToaTpeifjrjcrLv dvaA/ctSa (f)vâv eVopcras,(f>evyovT€s 8' ev vrjvai TroAu/cA^tcrt Tre'crcocririTjAetSea) 'A^tAôs" o 8' dvcm^CTet 6v eratpot'2

ITdrpo/cAov roy 8e /crevet eyXet ât'St/xos1 "E/CTa»p 65'IAi'oi> rrpoTrdpOLde, TroAe'a? oAeVavr' al^rjovsrovs dXXovs, /xerct 8' ww e'/xw 2ap7T7y8ova Stov.TOU 8e ôAtoffd/zevos' /crevet "E/cropa Sto? 'e/c TOU 8' aV rot eTretra TraAtco^tv Trapaatev eyco r^vxotpi 8t,afJiTTep€s, ets o /c' 'Aâtot 70"lAtov atiru e'Aotev 'A^Tjvat'rj? 8td fiovXds.TO Trptv 8' our' dp' eycu Trauw p^dAov oure rtv' dAAovddavdrcov Aavaotcrtv d/j-we'/zev eV0d8' edaco,TrptV ye TO IlÂe'i'Sao TeAeuT^^vat ee'A8co/o,cos ot VTrearqv TTpcorov, e//.a) 8' eTreVeucra /cdpTjTt, 75

1 Lines 56-77 were rejected by Aristophanes and Arist-archus.

2 Lines 64-77 were omitted by Zenodotus.110

THE ILIAD, XV. 47-75

So spake she, and the father of men and godssmiled, and made answer, and spak<s to her withwinged words : " If in good sooth, O ox-eyed,queenly Hera, thy thought hereafter were to be onewith my thought as thou sittest among the immortals,then would Poseidon, how contrary soever his wishmight be, forthwith bend his mind to follow thyheart and mine. But if verily thou speakest infrankness and in truth, go thou now among the tribesof gods and call Iris to come hither, and Apollo,famed for his bow, that she may go amid the hostof the brazen-coated Achaeans, and bid the lordPoseidon that he cease from war, and get him tohis own house ; but let Phoebus Apollo rouse Hectorto the fight, and breathe strength into him again,and make him forget the pains that now distresshis heart ; and let him drive the Achaeans backonce more, when he has roused in them craven panic ;so shall they flee and fall among the many-benchedships of Achilles, son of Peleus, and he shall sendforth his comrade Patroclus ; howbeit him shallglorious Hector slay with the spear before the faceof Ilios, after himself hath slain many other youths,and among them withal my son, goodly Sarpedon.And in wrath for Patroclus shall goodly Achilles slayHector. Then from that time forth shall I cause adriving back of the Trojans from the ships evermorecontinually, until the Achaeans shall take steep Iliosthrough the counsels of Athene. But until thathour neither do I refrain my wrath, nor will I sufferany other of the immortals to bear aid to the Danaanshere, until the desire of the son of Peleus be fulfilled,even as I promised at the first and bowed my head

111

HOMER

17/zari TOJ or' ejueto #ea QeVi? rjiftaro yovvwv,Xia&ofjievr) ri[jifjaat 'AîAAija TrroXiTropdov."

flQ? ecp'o/r', ovS' a,7ri07j<7€ 0eaj3?7 8' e£ 'ISattov opecov e? paKpovto? 8* 6V av at'l^ vdo? dvepos, o? T* CTTI TroAA^v 80yatav eA'rjAou^cbs' <f>p€al 7Teu/caAt//.7jcrt vo^trrj," ev^' etiji', ^ zvda," /Mevoiv^Tjat re TroAAa,o5s Kpamv&s jue/iauia SieirTaro Trorvia "Hp^1

tfcero 8* OLITTVV "OXvfJiTTOV, ojLtTjyepeecrat 8' errfjXdev

a.6avdroi,ai Qeoiai Atos Sojaar ot Se iSovres 85TTOLVTCS dvr]i£av KOI Set/cavocofro SeTracrcriv.1

17 8' d'AAou? /iev eaae, Oe/ucm Se KaXXiirapâ)Se/cro SeVas" rrpatrt] yap ivavrLri rjXOe Oeovaa,

/ecu JMIV ^covTjaacr' eVea rrrepoevTa irpoa"r]v$a-

" "Hpr^, TtTrre fiefiyKas; drvôfj.ev'r] 8e eot/ca?' 9077 /iaAa 8^ ere ôjSi^cre Kpovou Trafe, o? rot df

TT)V 8* êt^Ser' eVetra êa Aey/cajAevo?" ju,7^ //.e, 0ea ©e'jLtt, raura Steipeo- olaBa /ecu

010? K€LVOV dvfJLOS V7T€p(f>l,aXos KOI dlT'rjV^S.

dAAa au y* a/o^6 Qzoiai 8o/zot? eVi Satro? etcrrfs' 95raura Se «:ai juera Trdatv aKovaeai ddavdroicriv,ota Zeus Ka/ca epya mâuoTcerar ouSe rt <j)rjfjbi

TractLV o/xa)? Ov[j,ov Keâpfâe^v, ovre /Sporoiawovre 6eols, el Tre'p rt? ert vw SaiVurat eu^pcuv."

'H jaev ap' to? etTToucra Kadeêro TTOTVIOL "Uprj, 100o^âav 8* dva Sou/xa Aioj êot- -^ Se yeAacrae

1 SeTracrcri^ : tirteaai. Zenodotus.112


thereto, on the day when the goddess Thetis claspe'dmy knees, beseeching me to do honour to Achilles,sacker of cities."

So spake he, and the goddess, white-armed Hera,failed not to hearken, but went her way from themountains of Ida unto high Olympus. And evenas swiftly darteth the mind of a man who hathtravelled over far lands and thinketh in the wisdomof his heart, " Would I were here, or there," andmany are the wishes he conceiveth : even so swiftlysped on in her eagerness the queenly Hera ; and shecame to steep Olympus, and found the immortalgods gathered together in the house of Zeus, and atsight of her they all sprang up, and greeted her withcups of welcome. She on her part let be the others,but took the cup from Themis, of the fair cheeks, forshe ran first to meet her, and spake, and addressedher with winged words : " Hera, wherefore art thoucome ? Thou art as one distraught. In good sooththe son of Cronos hath affrighted thee, he thine ownhusband."

Then made answer to her, the goddess, white-armed Hera : " Ask me not at large concerning this,0 goddess Themis ; of thyself thou knowest whatmanner of mood is his, how over-haughty and un-bending. Nay, do thou begin for the gods the equalfeast in the halls, and this shalt thou hear amid allthe immortals, even what manner of evil deeds Zeusdeclareth. In no wise, methinks, will it delight in likemanner the hearts of all, whether mortals or gods, if sobe any even now still feasteth with a joyful mind."

1 When she had thus spoken, queenly Hera sateher down, and wroth waxed the gods throughout thehall of Zeus. And she laughed with her lips, but her

VOL. II I 113

HOMER

, ovSe êrwirov e-n-' ofipvai KvaverjaivIdvdrj- Traaiv Se vep,ecrorj6eLaa /êrûSa'

vrJTTLOi, ot "ZirjVi /Jieveaivopêv d(f)poveovT€S'77 en fjiiv pefjuapêv Kararravae^v aoaov lovres 10577 €7T€i rj€ filr)' o S' d<f)TJiJ,evos OVK aAeytêtoi)8' oderai' ^rjalv ydp ev ddavdroiai OeoloiKapret re a6evet re Sta/cpiSoi> efvat aptaro?.TO) eê^' OTTI Kev VjLt^t KUKOV 7Te/x77^crtv e/cacrra>.

ya/o vw e'ATro/i' "Kprft ye Trfjfjua rerv^dai- UQyap ol 6'AaiAe pd^r) evi, <f>iXraros dvSpu)i>,

rov fiyaLv 6V ep,fj,evai o^8pt/xo?? eâr*, avrdp "A.prjs daAepd) TreTrXrjyeTOt KaTaTTprjvecrcr', oXo^>vpoêvos 8' eTro? rjv8a~vvv jLtot ve/xecr^creT', 'OAu/ATTta Saâr' eôvres, 115

ai fiovov vlos IOVT* em wfjas 'Aâtcov,/xot /cat /xotpa Aio? TrXrjyevTt Kepavvaj6p,ov veKveaai //,e^' olâri /cat Kovirjaw."

(f)dro, Kai p* tTTTTous1 KeXero AetjLtov rere

£,evyvv[ji€V, avros 8' eVre* eSucrero Traâvocoi'Ta. 120eVâ /c* ert fjieiâtv re Kal dpyaXeatrepos a'AAo?Trap Ato? ddavdroiCL ôAo? /cat p,r}vis e€i pr) 'Adrjvr) Tracrt Trep&eiaaaa Qeolaivcopro Sie/c TrpoBvpov, AtVe 8e Opovov evda Odaaae,rov §' o,7r6 p,ev K€(f)aXfjs Kopvd* eiXero /cat era/cos1

ajfjicuv, 125eyX°S §' earâe arifiap-rjs 0,770 -%eipos eXovaa

17 8' erreeacri Kaddnrero dovpov "Aprja', <f)pevas rjXe, §t,e(f)6opas' y vv roi O.VTOJS

114


forehead above her dark brows relaxed not, and,moved with indignation, she spake among them all:" Fools, that in our witlessness are wroth againstZeus ! In sooth we are even yet fain to draw nighunto him and thwart him of his will by word or by con-straint, but he sitteth apart and recketh not, neithergiveth heed thereto ; for he deemeth that amongthe immortal gods he is manifestly supreme in mightand strength. Wherefore content ye yourselves withwhatsoever evil thing he sendeth upon each. Evennow I deem that sorrow hath been wrought for Ares,seeing that his son, dearest of men to him, hathperished in battle, even Ascalaphus, whom mightyAres declareth to be his own."

So spake she, but Ares smote his sturdy thighswith the flat of his hands, and with wailing spake,and said : " Count it not blame for me now, O yethat have dwellings on Olympus, if I go to the shipsof the Achaeans and avenge the slaying of my son,even though it be my fate to be smitten with thebolt of Zeus, and to lie low in blood and dust amidthe dead."

So spake he and bade Terror and Rout yoke hishorses, and himself did on his gleaming armour.Then would yet greater and more grievous wrathand anger have been stirred between Zeus and theimmortals, had not Athene, seized with fear for allthe gods, sped forth through the doorway, and leftthe throne whereon she sat, and taken the helmfrom the head of Ares and the shield from hisshoulders ; and she took from his strong hand thespear of bronze, and set it down, and with wordsrebuked furious Ares : " Thou madman, distraughtof wit, thou art beside thyself! Verily it is for

115

HOMER

ou'ar' a.Kovep,ev lari, voos S' aTroAcoAe Kal ctt'SoS?.OVK diets a re <f)âi ded XevKwXevos "Hprj, J^Q17 817 vvv Trap Zrjvos 'OAwyLtmou elX^Xovdev;rj edeXeis avros fiev dvaTrXrjaas Kaxa TroAAa.aifj tjiiev OyAu/zTTovSe /cat a^viû.ep'o? ?rep dvdyKr),avrdp TOIS aXXoicn KCLKOV fjieya Tracrt1 fyvrevaai;avTLKO. yap T/ocDa? ;u.e^ V7T€pdvfj,ovs /cat 'Aâtou? 135AeiJ/ret, o 8' rjfieas etcrt /cuSot/XTJcrcDi' ey "OAf/ATrov,fjidpi/jei 8' eêt?]? 6V T' airtos' o? re /cat ov/ct.TO) a' au vvv /ce'Ao/ât fj,edefj,ev -^6\ov vlos eoto.2

• '817 yap rt? TOU ye /J/Tp /cat êtpa? dfjueivcovrj irefiar', rj Kal eVetra ire^creTai' dpyaXeov Se 140Trdvrcov dvQpcoTTOiv pvadai yevenjv re TO/COV re."

"Q? eiVoucr' ISpvcre dpovco eVi Oovpov "Aprja."HpTj 8' 'ATToAAawa KaXeaaaro 8a)/j,aros €KrosÎpiv 9', rj re deolcri /AerayyeAo? ddavdroicrt,Kdi ofieas (^covTycracr1 evrea Trrepoevra TrpoarjilBa,' 145" Zey? cr<â> €t? "ISi^^ /ceAer* eXdefjuev O'TTIavrdp eirrjv eXdrjre, Atoj r' et? cowacp$ew OTTI K€ KCLVOS Irrorpwrj K

'H //,ev ap' (S? elrrovcra rrdXiv Kie rrorviaeêro 8' etvt 6p6vy rd> S' d'i'£avre rreTeaOrjv. 150"IS^v 8' t/cai'ov 7roAu7rt'8a/ca, /JL-rjrepa dypcov,evpov 8' evpvoTTCL KpoviSyv dvd Fapydpw aKpq>7J[j,€vov dfjL(j)l Se yttii' dvoev ve(f>os earefidvcoro.TOJ 8e Trdpoid* eXdovre Ato? êêA^yeperaoarrjrrjv oi)8e cr^coe iStov eôXwaaro OV/JLO), 155

1 xa/cw jue'7a Tracrt Aristophanes: êo?s jue-ya Trâ Zeno-dotus.

2 eoZb Zenodotus : e?>s.3 Lines 147 f. were rejected by Aristophanes and Arist-

archus.116


naught that thou hast ears for hearing, and thineunderstanding and sense of right are gone from thee.Hearest thou not what the goddess, white-armedHera, saith, she that is but now come from OlympianZeus ? Wouldest thou thyself fulfil the measure ofmanifold woes, and so return to Olympus despitethy grief, perforce, and for all the rest sow the seedsof grievous woe ? For he will forthwith leave theTrojans, high of heart, and the Achaeans, and willhie him to Olympus to set us all in tumult, and willlay hands upon each in turn, the guilty alike andhim in whom is no guilt. Wherefore now I bid theeput away thy wrath for thine own son. For ere nowmany a one more excellent than he in might andstrength of hand hath been slain, or will yet beslain ; and a hard thing it is to preserve the lineageand offspring of men."

She spake she, and made furious Ares to sit downupon his throne. But Hera called Apollo forth fromout the hall, and Iris, that is the messenger of theimmortal gods ; and she spake and addressed themwith winged words : " Zeus biddeth you twain go toIda with all the speed ye may; and when ye havecome, and looked upon the face of Zeus, then do yewhatsoever he may order and command."

When she had thus spoken queenly Hera re-turned again and sate her down upon her throne ;and the twain sprang up and sped forth upon theirway. To many-fountained Ida they came, motherof wild beasts, and found Zeus, whose voice is borneafar, seated on topmost Gargarus ; and about hima fragrant cloud was wreathed. The twain thencame before the face of Zeus, the cloud-gatherer,and at sight of them his heart waxed nowise wroth,

117

HOMER

OTTI ot c5/c' eWecrcrt (f)i\T]s dAdôto TtideaB^v.*Ipw Se Trporeprjv errea rrrepoevra npoarfvoa.

raêta, IIocretSda>n dVa/mrdS' dyyetAat, /x^Se j/reuSdyyeAos' etVat.

ava>x6i fô-X^ *l^ TrroAe/Aoio 160a ^£»Aa êcDv ^ et? a'Aa Stat'.

et Se jtiot OVK €7T€€aff* €TTL7T€La€Tai, aAA' a(fapa^zada) 8r] eTretra Kara (frptva /ecu /cardfjiT/j //,' ovSe Kparepos irep ecov emovTafj,€LVcu, eirei eo 0^/it ^07 TroAw (f>€prepos elvai 165/cai yeveij Trporepos- rov 8' OVK oOerai <f>i\ov rjrop1

laov efjiol <f>dcrdai, rov re crrvyeouo-i Kal d'AAot."^S1 eâr', ouS' CLTriOrjcre TroS^ê/zo? co/cea 'Ipt?,

jSiy 8e /car' 'ISaicoi/ opeojv es "IXiov [pry.(Ls S' or' ai> e«r vefyetov TTTrjrai vi,<f)d$ r/e âAaâ 170

'T) VTTO pLTrfjs aldprjyeveos Bopeao,fj,€fjiavla. SteTTraro w/cea *Ipt?,

u 8' tcrra/AeVry 7Tpocr€<f>T] K\VTOV Ivvoaiy&iovTWO. roi, yatôê /cuavoâtra,

oevpo (f>epovaa Trapal Ato? atyioôto. 175ae KeXevae f^dx^S rjoe TrroAe^toto

//.era <ûAa êai^ ^ €t? a'Aa Stai>.et Se oi ou/c eWe'ecrcr' eTTtTretcreai, dAA' dAoyijcret?,

i /cat /cetvo? evavrifiiov TroAe/xi^coveAeucrecr$ai • ere S' VTreâXeaadai avuiye 180

, €TT€i creo ^crt jStry TroAu fieprepos elvai/cat yeverj frporepos' oov 8' oz)/c oQerai ^t'AovfcroK ot <f>dada.L, rov re arvyzovai /cat d'AAot."

1 Lines 166 f. were rejected by Aristarchus.1J8


for that they had speedily obeyed the words of hisdear wife. And to Iris first he spake winged words :" Up, go, swift Iris ; unto the lord Poseidon bearthou all these tidings, and see thou tell him true.Bid him cease from war and battle, and go to jointhe tribes of gods, or into the bright sea. And if sobe he will not obey my words, but shall set them atnaught, let him bethink him then in mind and heart,lest, how strong soever he be, he have no hardihoodto abide my on-coming ; for I avow me to be betterfar than he in might, and the elder born. Yet hisheart counteth it but a little thing to declare himselfthe peer of me of whom even the other gods areadread."

So spake he, and wind-footed, swift Iris failed notto hearken, but went down from the hills of Ida tosacred Ilios. And as when from the clouds thereflieth snow or chill hail, driven by the blast of theNorth Wind that is born in the bright heaven, evenso fleetly sped in her eagerness swift Iris ; and shedrew nigh, and spake to the glorious Shaker of Earth,saying : "A message for thee, O Earth-Enfolder,thou dark-haired god, have I come hither to bringfrom Zeus, that beareth the aegis. He biddeth theecease from war and battle, and go to join the tribesof gods, or into the bright sea. And if so be thouwilt not obey his words, but shalt set them at naught,he threateneth that he will himself come hither toset his might against thine in battle ; and he biddeththee avoid thee out of his hands ; for he avowethhim to be better far than thou in might, and theelder born. Yet thy heart counteth it but a littlething to declare thyself the peer of him, of whomeven the other gods are adread."

119

HOMER

Tr/v Se /xey' o^Qrioas rtpooe^rj K\VTOS evvoaiyaios'" at rcoTToi, rj p" ayaôs1 rrep ecbv vrceporrXov eeiTrev, 185ei i^ o/uiOTLfjioi' eovra fiir] a.€Kovra Kadeêi.rpels yap T' IK Kpovov et/zev aSeA^>eot, 01)? re/cero

'Pea,Zeu? /cat e'y6^* Tp^dTos S' 'At'S^?, evepoioiv

dvdcraa>v.TpL%6a Se TTcivTa Se'Saffrat, CKGLOTOS S' ejuy/ope Tififjs'rj rot eywv eXaôv TroXir^v aAa âte'/ier atet 190

Zeu? 8' e'Aa;\;' ovpavov evpvv1 ev aWepi /catyaia 8' ert fyv-)) TTOLVTCDV /cat [AaxposTO) pa Kal ov ri Ato? ê'o/ât ^peatV, dAAa e//cai Kparepos irep e'cov [JieveTCD Tpirdrrj eVt [Aoipr]. 195êpcrt 8e jU.7^ rt /ie Trdy^v KCLKOV a>$ oeiftiaaeodcu'dvyarcpeocriv yap re /cat utaai fieXrepov2 elrjeKTrdyXois erreeaaiv eVtcrcre'/zev, ous1 re'/ce^ auro?,ot eêv orpvvovros aKovaovrai /cat dvdyKrj."

Tov S' Ty/xetêr' eVetra TroSêjUos1 co/ce'a Î/3t?' 200" oy'rco yap 817 rot, yatôê Kvavoâlra,rovSe <f>€pa> Ati [LvQov dmyvea re Kparepov re,rj ri fj,eraarp€ifieis ; arperrral p\,ev re <j>peves eadXaiv.oiad^ ws Tfpeofivrepoioiv 'Eptvues1 aiei' eTroi/rai."

TT)^ S' azjre Trpooeenre HooeiSdujv evoalydwv 205" Î/)i êct, [MaXa TOVTO eVos1 /caret fjiolpav eetTres"3

1 ei'pi)!/ : aiVi>?' Zenodotus.2 pt\Tepov Aristarchus : Ka\\iov Aristophanes.

3 Line 206 was rejected by Zenodotus.

1 The Erinyes in Homer are the upholders of the moralorder with especial reference to the sanctity of the family ;see ix. 254 ; Od. ii. 135 ; xi. 280.120


Then, stirred to hot anger, the glorious Shaker ofEarth spake unto her: " Out upon it, verily strongthough he be he hath spoken overweeningly, if insooth by force and in mine own despite he willrestrain me that am of like honour with himself.For three brethren are we, begotten of Cronos, andborn of Rhea,—Zeus, and myself, and the third isHades, that is lord of the dead below. And in three-fold wise are all things divided, and unto each hathbeen apportioned his own domain. I verily, when thelots were shaken, won for my portion the grey seato be my habitation for ever, and Hades won themurky darkness, while Zeus won the broad heavenamid the air and the clouds ; but the earth and highOlympus remain yet common to us all. Whereforewill I not in any wise walk after the will of Zeus ;nay in quiet let him abide in his third portion, howstrong soever he be. And with might of hand let himnot seek to affright me, as though I were some coward.His daughters and his sons were it better for himto threaten with blustering words, even them thathimself begat, who perforce will hearken to what-soever he may bid."

Then wind-footed swift Iris answered him : " Is itthus in good sooth, O Earth-Enfolder, thou dark-haired god, that I am to bear to Zeus this message,unyielding and harsh, or wilt thou anywise turn thee ;for the hearts of the good may be turned ? Thouknowest how the Erinyes ever follow to aid theelder-born." l

Then answered her again Poseidon, the Shaker ofEarth : " Goddess Iris, this word of thine is right

121

HOMER

eadXov Kai TO rirvKrai, or* dyyeXos atcrip;adAAa, ToS' cdvov aôs Kpaoir^v Kai 6vôv tKoOTTTTOT* av laofjiopov Kai onfl TreTTpcDjAevov a'taryveiK€L€LV IdeXr/ai, ôAcoTOtow CTreecrcra'. 210dAA' rj roL vvv \i4v Ke vepeaarjOeis VTroeiâi'aXXo 8e rot epea), Kai aTretA-rjcrco TO yeat Kev avev e/Jisdev Kai 'Adrjvairjs ay

'Ep/xetcu re /cat 'Hâtcrroio aaiTreivfjs Treî^jjaerai, ov8' eêAô-et 216

, Sowat 8e jiieya Kpdros 'Apyeioiaw,Lara) rovd' , ore vwiv dvTJKearos %oAo? earat."

"O? etTTtov AiVe Aaov 'Aâii'/cov ewocrtyaio?,e Se TTOVTOJ/ taiv, TroOeaav o* ypaies 'Aâtot.

Kai TOT' ' ATToAAcoya irpoae<f)r) veêA^yepeTa Zeu? • 220i^, ^>i'Ae Oot^Se, /xe^' "E/CTOpa

ycxp TOI yatoxos1 evvoayaioset? aAa Stav, dAeuctju-evos1 xoAov' alirvv

jLtdAa yap /ce fj,dx^s envdovro /cat aAAot,ot irep eveprepoi etcrt $eot, Kpovoi' dpfpis eovres. 225dAAa ToS' 77/^61^ e/iot TroAu /cepStov i^Se oterrAeTO, O'TTI Trdpoide vepecraydels viToeX^po.s ejjids, CTret oy Kiev1 dvtSpcoTt yedAAa cry y' eV êtpecrcrt AdjS' atyt'Sa dvcraavoeaaav ,rfj fj,dXy eTTiao-eicov (frofieziv vjpojas 'Aâtous" 230o"ot 8' avrcp jLteAeVco, e/caT^jSoAe, ât'StjU.©? "E/cTcop'3

r6(f>pa yap ovv ot eyetpe p,evos peya, o^p' av 'Aâtot(pevyovres vrjds T€ Kai 'EAA^crTrovTov t/ccuvrat.

1 et'S?/ : ei'TTTy Zenodotus.2 Lines 212-217 were rejected by Aristarchus.3 Lines 231-235 were rejected by Aristophanes and Arist-

archus.122


fitly spoken ; and a good thing verily is this, whena messenger hath an understanding heart. Butherein dread grief cometh upon my heart and soul,whenso any is minded to upbraid with angry wordsone of like portion with himself, to whom fate hathdecreed an equal share. Howbeit for this presentwill I yield, despite mine indignation ; yet anotherthing will I tell thee, and make this threat in mywrath : if in despite of me, and of Athene, driver ofthe spoil, and of Hera, and Hermes, and lordHephaestus, he shall spare steep Ilios, and shall beminded not to lay it waste, neither to give greatmight to the Argives, let him know this, that be-tween us twain shall be wrath that naught canappease."

So saying, the Shaker of Earth left the host of theAchaeans, and fared to the sea and plunged therein ;and the Achaean warriors missed him sore.

Then unto Apollo spake Zeus, the cloud-gatherer :" Go now, dear Phoebus, unto Hector, harnessed inbronze, for now is the Einfolder and Shaker of E,arthgone into the bright sea, avoiding our utter wrath ;else verily had others too heard of our strife, eventhe gods that are in the world below with Cronos.But this was better for both, for me and for his ownself, that ere then he yielded to my hands despitehis wrath, for not without sweat would the issue havebeen wrought. But do thou take in thine hands thetasselled aegis, and shake it fiercely over the Achaeanwarriors to affright them withal. And for thine ownself, thou god that smitest afar, let glorious Hectorbe thy care, and for this time's space rouse in himgreat might, even until the Achaeans shall come inflight unto their ships and the Hellespont. From

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KeWev 8* avros eycu cipdaojucu epyov re em?? re,to? f€ /ecu awn? 'Aâtot avcmvevaaxji, TTOVOLO." 235

"Q? eâr', • ouS' apa rrarpos

Se /car' 'ISatcov opecoy, "priKi IOLKOJS

6L (j>aaaocj)6va), 05 T' ajfctorTo? TreTer^vaiv.eup' utoi' ITpi-ayLtoto 8ai(f>povos, "Ewropa Stov,

, ouS' ert /cetro, veoi' 8' eaayetpero Qvôv, 240it e yiyvaHjKuw eVapofS" cxrap acrOâ /ecu tSpaj?

eTret //.it1 eyetpe Aio? voo? atytoôto.u 8' tcrra/xevos1 Trpocre^Tj f'/caepyo? 'ATroAAcot'*

"E/CTOp, ute E[pia/>ioto, TI'TJ 8e cru vocr^>tv O,TT' aAAa>v^cr' oAiyi^TTeAecoi/; T) TTOU rt ere KrjSos i/cai'et; " 245

Tov 8' oAiyoSpaWcui' Trpocre^ry KOpv9aioXos"E/crcop •

" Tt's 8e crv ecrcrt (f>epiare deaJv, o? jU,' et'peat avr-r^v ;OVK dteis o jji6 vr]voLV km Trpv/jLvfjcnv 'Aâicovou? erdpovs oXeKovra fiorjv dyaô? ^SaAev Aia?XepfJia&iea Trpos orfjOos, €7ravcre 8e dovptbos dXxfjs ; 250KCU ST) eycij y' eâ/ATyv ve'/cua? /<rat 8to/x' 'At'Sao"fj/jbCLTL raiS' 6'i/feaât,1 evret (piXov aiov

Tov 8' aure Trpocre'eiTrev dva£ e/caepyo? 'ddpaei vvv rolov roi docrarjTrjpa Kpovtcov

e£ "18^? TTpoerjKe Trapecrra/ievai «at dj-ivveiv, 255'ATrdAAaiva ^pyaaopov, os ere Trapos1 ?reppaJs avrov re /cai aiTretvoj/ TrroXieOpov.

clAA' aye vw iTnrevaiv error pvvov TroAeecrcriv^ycrtv eVt yXaffrvpfjcriv eXavvefJiev co/ce'as

1 oêadai : i.'£e0-dat.124


that moment will I myself contrive word and deed,to the end that yet again the Achaeans may haverespite from their toil."

So spake he, nor was Apollo disobedient to hisfather's bidding, but went down from the hills ofIda, like a fleet falcon, the slayer of doves, that isthe swiftest of winged things. He found the son ofwise-hearted Priam, even goodly Hector, sitting up,for he lay no longer, and he was but newly gatheringback his spirit, and knew his comrades round abouthim, and his gasping and his sweat had ceased, forthe will of Zeus, that beareth the aegis, revived him.And Apollo, that worketh afar, drew nigh unto him,and said : " Hector, son of Priam, why is it that thouapart from the rest abidest here fainting ? Is it haplythat some trouble is come upon thee ? "

Then, his strength all spent, spake to him Hectorof the flashing helm : " Who of the gods art thou,mightiest one, that dost make question of me faceto face ? Knowest thou not that at the sterns ofthe Achaeans' ships as I made havoc of his comrades,Aias, good at the war-cry, smote me on the breastwith a stone, and made me cease from my furiousmight ? Aye, and I deemed that on this day Ishould behold the dead and the house of Hades,when I had gasped forth my life."

Then spake to him again the lord Apollo, thatworketh afar : " Be now of good cheer, so mightya helper hath the son of Cronos sent forth from Idato stand by thy side and succour thee, even me,Phoebus Apollo of the golden sword, that of old everprotect thee, thyself and the steep citadel withal.But come now, bid thy many charioteers driveagainst the hollow ships their swift horses, and I will

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avrap eyco TrpOTrdpoiOe KIWV ITTTTOLCTI KeXevOov 260Trdaav Xctavea), rpee/fOJ 8' ripatas 'Aâtou?."

°Q? elTTtbv ep,7Tvevae pevos fJbtya Troi/zevt Aaa>i>.to? 5' ore ris1 crraros LTTTTOS, a/cocrr^cras' enl <f>drvr]f

$eap,ov OLTTOpprjâs Oeir) TreStoto Kpoaivajv,€ta>9to$ Xoveadai, evppelos Troraôlo,1 265

viftov 8e KapT] eêt, aftî 8e âtrataaovrai' 6 S' ayXatr)(f)i Trenoidws,

pifji(f)a € yovva (f>€pei jLterd r' ijfea /cat vofj,ov LTTTTOJV

6rpvva)v iTTTTTja?, evret êou eVAuev auS^v. 270O6 8' (3? T' r) €Xa<f>ov Kepaov T) aypiov aiyaearaevavTO KVVCS re /cat avepes aypotaiTafrov /LteV T' rjXifiaros Trerprj KCLL Sacr/ao? wArjetpucrar', ouS' apa re cr^t /ct^jLtevat ai'cri/xov TêvTCOV 8e 0' UTTO laxfjs eâvt] At? rjiiyeveios 275et? o'SoV, aii/ra 8e rrdvra? aTrerpaTre /cata)S Aavaot -ô? jiiei> o/ztAaSov atev et'ucrcrovTes £i<f)€criv re /cat eyêcrtvavrap CTTCI t'Sov "E«:Top' eTroiô/xevov cmâ?rapjS^crav, -Tracrtv Se Trapat Treat /caTTTrecre 6vp,6s. 280

Totcrt 8' eTretr' dydpeve @das, 'AvSpaifjiovos v to?,AtTcoAaiv 6' ' aptffTO?, eTTtCTra/ievo? /*ev a/covrt,eaOXos 8' ei> araStT^' dyopf} 8e e Traupot 'Aâtaii/VIKCOV, OTTTTOTe KOVpQL €plCra€lO.V 7T€pl fJLvdcOV

o a<j)iv €ti (f>poi>€a>v dyop^craro /cat /xereetTrev • 285" a> TTOTTOL, ff fteya davfJia rdS' 6(f>6aX[j,oicrt,v opajfjiai,olov Srj aur' eâvris dvearvj Krjpas dXv£as

* T) $7^ jtxtv jotaAa eAvreTo 9vfji6s e/caarou

1 Lines 265-268 ( = vi. 508-511) were rejected by Arist-archus. Line 265 was omitted by Zenodotus.126


go before and make smooth all the way for the chariots,and will turn in flight the Achaean warriors."

So saying, he breathed great might into the shep-herd of the host. And even as when a stalled horsethat has fed his fill at the manger, breaketh hishalter, and runneth stamping over the plain—beingwont to bathe him in the fair-flowing river—andexulteth ; on high doth he hold his head and abouthis shoulders his mane floateth streaming, and as heglorieth in his splendour his knees nimbly bear himto the haunts and pastures of mares ; even soswiftly plied Hector his feet and knees, urging onhis charioteers, \vhen he had heard the voice of thegod. But as when dogs and country-folk pursue ahorned stag or a wild goat, but a sheer rock or ashadowy thicket saveth him from them, nor is ittheir lot to find him ; and then at their clamour abearded lion showeth himself in the way, and forth-with turneth them all back despite their eagerness :even so the Danaans for a time ever followed on inthrongs, thrusting with swords and two-edged spears,but when they saw Hector going up and down theranks of men, then were they seized with fear, andthe spirits of all men sank down to their feet.

Then among them spake Thoas, son of Andraemon,far the best of the Aetolians, well-skilled in throwingthe javelin, but a good man too in close fight, andin the place of assembly could but few of the Achaeanssurpass him, when the young men were striving indebate. He with good intent addressed their gather-ing, and spake among them : " Now look you,verily a great marvel is this that mine eyes behold,how that now he is risen again and hath avoided thefates, even Hector. In sooth the heart of each man

127

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wr' PCiavros Qaveew TeAap:o)VidSao.dAAd TIS avT€ decov eppvaaro Kai eadaxrev 290"E/c-rop', o 817 TroAAojv AavacDj/ UTTO yowar' e'Auaev,ci)? Kat t'w eaoeadau otopai' ov yap oVep ye"ZjVjvos eptySouTrou TrpojLto? tcrTarat cSSe fj,cvoiva)V.dAA' aye^', to? aV e-yiov €i7roj, TreiQoi^&QoL. Travre?.TrXirjdvv fjiev TTorl vrjas dvu>£op,ev aTroveeadai' 295auroi 8', ocrcrot apiaroi evi arpara) eu^d/xe^' zlvai,arrjoêv, el K€V Trpoirov €pv£ofji€V aVTidaavres,Soupar' dvaa^djaevot • rov 8' ot'co /cat /u,e/xaa)Ta6v[j.a) SeiWcrât Aavaa;^ /caraSwat o/ziAov."

n«-\ >/ / /i> f o> v ~ / \ \ \ / » S>12? eât; , ot o apa TOU p-aAa /iev ACAUOV 7)0e-rriBovTO- 300

ot /xey ap* djU-<^>' Atavra /cai 'ISo/xevâ ava/cra,Teu/^pov M^ptdv^v re MeyTyv r', draAavrov "Aprjl,va^Lvrjv j]prvvov, apiarfjas /caAeaavre?,"E/cropt Kat T/3t6e<7criv evavriov avrap OTriaaa)r) TrXrjdiis eVt r>ya? 'AâicDv a-Troveovro. 305

Tpcoe? 8e TTpovrvifjav doAAee?, ^pxe §' ap' "E«:ra)p/xa/cpa fiifids'1 Trpoadev Se Kt" auroiJ

ei/xevo? a>fj,ouv ve(f)e\r]V, e' e 8' atyi'Sa Qovpiv,iSdCTetav dpiTTpeTre", ^v apa pâA/ceu?Alt 8co/ce (f>opr)/ji,€vai es <j>6flov avftpcov 310

Ti]V ap' o y' ev êtpeacriv eâ>v rjyrjcraTO \aa)v.'Apyeiot 8' VTrepeivav doAAe'e?, copro 8' di/TTj

dfet' d[ji(f>OT€pa>9€v, OLTTO vevpfj(f>i, 8* ot'arotdpaJaKov vroAAa. Se Soupa ^pacretdcov OTTO êtpaivdAAa /xev eV x/°°'t Tr^yi'DT' dp-r]W6wv ai^&v, 315

1 /3i/3as : jSowy Zenodotus.

THE ILIAD, XV. 289-315.

of us hoped that he had died beneath the hands ofAias, son of Telamon. But lo, some one of the godshath again delivered and saved Hector, who verilyhath loosed the knees of many Danaans, as, I deem,will befall even now, since not without the will ofloud-thundering Zeus doth he stand forth thuseagerly as a champion. Nay come, even as I shallbid, let us all obey. The multitude let us bid returnto the ships, but ourselves, all we that declare us tobe the best in the host, let us take our stand, if sobe we first may face him, and thrust him back withour outstretched spears ; methinks, for all his eager-ness, he will fear at heart to enter into the throng ofthe Danaans."

So spake he, and they readily hearkened andobeyed. They that were in the company of Aiasand prince Idomeneus, and Teucer, and Meriones,and Meges, the peer of Ares, called to the chieftains,and marshalled the fight, fronting Hector and theTrojans, but behind them the multitude fared backto the ships of the Achaeans.

Then the Trojans drave forward in close throng,and Hector led them, advancing with long strides,while before him went Phoebus Apollo, his shoulderswrapped in cloud, bearing the fell aegis, girt withshaggy fringe, awful, gleaming bright, that thesmith Hephaestus gave to Zeus to bear for theputting to rout of warriors ; this Apollo bare in hishands as he led on the host.

And the Argives in close throng abode theircoming, and the war-cry rose shrill from either side,and the arrows leapt from the bow-string, and manyspears, hurled by bold hands, were some of themlodged in the flesh of youths swift in battle, and

VOL. II K 129

HOMER

TroAAo, Be /cat piecrcn^yu, Trapos XP°a XevKov enavpelvev yair) Laravro AiAaio/teva ^poo? dcrat.

o<£pa p:ev alyiBa yepaiv e"% drpepa Qolfios 'ATroA-Acov,

ro^pa p;aA' aôrepatv ^Se'Ae' ^7rT€ro, mTrre Se Aaos"

avrap €7rei /car' €va>Tra ISajv AavacDv Ta^yTrcuAcuj/ 320

cretcr', €77t 8' auras' ai'cre /xaAa fieya, rotcrt Se 6vfj,ov

€V arrjdecraiv ZOeXê, Xddovro 8e tfoupiSo? cxA/crys".ot S' cus r' 776 /3oa>v ayeX-rfV -^ TTO)U /^.ey' otcov

KAovecucrt fJ.eXaivrjs VVKTOS a/zoAyai,

aTTLvrjs orjudvropos ov Trapeovros, 325coy e<f>6pr]0€V 'Apâtot avaA/ciSes" ev yap 'A7roAAa)i>•^/ce <f>6/3ov, Tpcoaiv Be /cat "E/cropt /cuSo? OT

"Ev#a §' a^p eAev aVSpa /ceSao-êtcr^?"E/crcop //.ev Srtîov re /cat 'Ap/cecrt'Aaov eTre^ve,

TOV /*ev BotcuTciiv T^yTjropa âA/co^trcovcuv, 330

TOV 8e Mevecr^ôs1 fieyaOv/jiov Tnctrov eralpov

Alveias Be Me'Sovra /cat "lacrov e^-evaptêv.

77 rot o juev vodos VLOS 'O'iXfjos1 deioio

ecr/ce Me'Scuv, Atavro? aSeAêos1 avrap eVaiev

cv $uAa/c^ yatr^s" aTro Trarpt'So?, avBpa /cara/crag', 335yvcorov p,rjTpvi,fjs 'EptcuTTtSos', ^v

"lacro? aur' apô? />tev 'AOyvaicovutos1 §e S</iÂoto /caAecr/cero Bou/coAt'Sao.

^ 8' e'Ae nofAuSa/zas1, 'Eîov 8eev vaîvrj, KAovtov S' e'Ae Sto? 'Ay^vcop. 340

8e Flapi? ^8aAe vetarov ajfiov OTnade

* ev 7rpo//,aôicrt, Biarrpo Be âA/cov e'Aaacrei/.1 'Oi'Xôs: 6 'IXôs Zenodotus.

130


many of them, or ever they reached the white flesh,stood fixed midway in the earth, fain to glut them-selves with flesh. Now so long as Phoebus Apolloheld the aegis moveless in his hands, even so longthe missiles of either side reached their mark andthe folk kept falling ; but when he looked full in thefaces of the Danaans of swift horses, and shook theaegis, and himself shouted mightily withal, thenmade he their hearts to faint within their breasts,and they forgat their furious might. And as whentwo wild beasts drive in confusion a herd of kine ora great flock of sheep in the darkness of black night,when they have come upon them suddenly, and aherdsman is not by, even so were the Achaeansdriven in rout with no might in them ; for uponthem Apollo had sent panic, and unto the Trojansand Hector was he giving glory.

Then man slew man as the fight was scattered.Hector laid low Stichius and Arcesilaus, the one aleader of the brazen-coated Boeotians, and the othera trusty comrade of great-souled Menestheus ; andAeneas slew Medon and lasus. The one verily,Medon, was a bastard son of godlike O'ileus, andbrother of Aias, but he dwelt in Phylace far fromhis native land, for that he had slain a man of thekin of his stepmother, Eriopis that Oiileus had towife ; and lasus was a captain of the Athenians, andwas called the son of Sphelus, son of Bucolus. AndMecisteus did Polydamas slay, and Polites slewEchiusin the forefront of the fight, and Clonius was slain ofgoodly Agenor. And Deiochus did Paris smite frombehind, as he fled amid the foremost fighters, uponthe base of the shoulder, and drave the bronze cleanthrough.

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' ol TOVS evdpityOV GOT' eVrea, r6(ppa 8*'Aâtot

rd(ppa) /cat cr/coAoTreaoti' eViTrAâvTe? opVKT'fi€v6a Kal evda (f)€/3ovro, OVOVTO Se retô? acay/o^. 345"E/crcop Se Tpweomv e/ce'/cAeTO fj,ai<pov dvcras'" vrjvalv ZTnaaeveadai, ea^ S' evapaov 8' a^ eyajt1 a-TrdvevOe vea>v erepcadi,

^Ttcro/xai, owSe vi» TOV yet re yvatra.1 re irvpos AeAa^cocrt Qavovra, 350

dAAa Kvves epvovou irpo acrreos ^/xerepoio."yi KarcofJiaSov yjXacrev ITTTTOVS,

Tpc6ecrat Kara crrt'â? • ot Se aw avrtoo/JLOKXijcravTe? £XOV tpvcrdp/naTas LTTTTOVS

rjxfj OeaTrecrir) • irpOTrdpoide Se ®olf3os 'AvrdAAcot' 355pet' oxOas KaTre'roto âOeirjs rroacrlv1 epeimnjvIs iêaaov /care)8aAAe, yefivpcooev Se KeXevdov[j,aKpr]v T^S' cvpeiav, oaov r' CTTI Soupo? e'pcoiytyt'erat, OTTTTOT' civ1^/) adeveos Tretpw/xevos' 27<n.•7-77 p" ot ye TTpo%€OVTO câAayy^SoV, ?rpo S' 'ATroAAcov 360atyt'S' eâiv eptrt/xot'' epetTre Se retô? 'AâtcDvpeta jLtcxA', co? ore TI? tfjdfj,adov rrd'Cs ctyp^t da\a.aarjs,os T' e?7et 01) TToir/crY) ddvp/jbaTO,aijj avns avv€X6ve TTOOLV /cat êpcrtva)S pa. ov, ri'iz Oot^Se, TroAw K.a.\iajrov /cat ot^w 365cruyêa? 'Apyeicov, avrolai Se <j)v£av evcopaas1.

"Qs1 ot //.ei' Tvapd vj]valv eprjrvovro êvovres,aAArjAoiCTt re /ce/cAop:evot /cat Tracrt êotcrtêtpa? avtaôvTe? /xeyaA' ev^rocovro e/cacrros"

1 TTocro'ij' : x6/3*7''1' Zenodotus.1 The word ^te is of wholly unknown meaning, recurring

again in xx. 152. Aristarchus took it to mean " Archer,"and wrote Tfi'e (fy/Ai).


While they were stripping the armour from these,meanwhile the Achaeans were flinging themselvesinto the digged trench and against the palisade,fleeing this way and that, and were getting themwithin their wall perforce. And Hector shoutedaloud, and called to the Trojans : " Speed ye againstthe ships, and let be the blood-stained spoils. Whom-soever I shall mark holding aloof from the ships on thefurther side, on the very spot shall I devise his death,nor shall his kinsmen and kinswomen give him hisdue meed of fire in death, but the dogs shall rendhim in front of our city."

So saying, with a downward sweep of his arm hesmote his horses with the lash, and called aloud tothe Trojans along the ranks; and they all raised ashout, and even with him drave the steeds that drewtheir chariots, with a wondrous din ; and before themPhoebus Apollo lightly dashed down with his feetthe banks of the deep trench, and cast them into themidst thereof, bridging for the men a pathway longand broad, even as far as a spear-cast, when a manhurleth, making trial of his strength. Therethroughthey poured forward rank on rank, and beforethem went Apollo, bearing the priceless aegis. Andfull easily did he cast down the wall of the Achaeans,even as when a boy scattereth the sand by the sea,one that makes of it a plaything in his childishness,and then again confounds it with hands and feet ashe maketh sport; so lightly didst thou, O archer l

Phoebus, confound the long toil and labour of theAchaeans, and on themselves send rout.

So then beside their ships the Danaans halted,and were stayed, calling one upon the other, andlifting up their hands to all the gods they made

133

HOMER

avre fjidXicrra Fepr/vios, ovpos Â-âiwv, 370€^p' opeycov ets ovpavov darepoevra-

Zeu Trdrep, ei Trore Tt's1 rot eV "ApyeLTrep TToXvTrvpo)

fioos T) ot'o? Kara iriova ^pia Kaicovvoarrjaai, av 8' imea-êo /cat /careVeycra?,

/cat a^vvov, '0 AW/ATT te, vrjAezs âp, 375' ovra> Tpateaoiv ea &dpi>aa6ai 'Aâtou?."? eâr' evôpevo?, fjieya 8' e/crfTre1

apdwv atajv NÂrytaSao yepovros1.T/ocDe? S' aj? CTTvOovro Ato? KTVTTOV atytoôto,

{jiaXXov ITT' 'Apyetotcrt dopov, [wr\(jo.VTO Se •)(dppJr]S- 380

01 8' ajj TC /xeya /cu/za âAacrcrTj? evpviropoiovrjos VTrep Toixîv /caraâerat, OTTTTOT' €7T6iyrj

is dv6p,ov T) y<ip re //.aAtcrra ye /cy/xar' oê'AAef

co? TjOcDes fJieydXr) la-xfj Kara relôs efiaivov,LTTTTOVS 8' etWAatravres1 e?rt 7Tpvfj,vrjai, ârôvro 385eyxeow a^t^tyuot? aurocrêSov, ot /ê> d^' LTTTTCOV,Oi 8' CtTTO I^d>V U^t //.eAatVCXCOV €7TL/3dvT€$

fj,aKpoiai ^vcrrolffL, rd pd ff(f>> em vyvalv e/cetrovavjjba-)(a KoXXjjevra, Kara OTOyna eifj,eva âA/ca>.

IlaT/oo/cAos' 8' TÔ? /zet' 'Aâtot re TpaJes re 390Tetêo? dyLtê/zaôvro dodcov €Kro0L vrjtov,

ro0p' o y' eVt /cAtcrtTy dyaTrrjvopos EvpvrrvXoiorjaro re /cat TOV ereprre Aoyot?, e?rt 8' e'A/cet Xvypta<pdp[j,aK' a/ce'cr/âr' eTraacre /xeAatvacoi/ d

1 ^KTVire : ^K\ue Zenodotus.134


fervent prayer, each man of them; and most ofall prayed Nestor of Gerenia, the warder of theAchaeans, stretching forth his two hands to thestarry heaven : " O father Zeus, if ever any man ofus in wheat-bearing Argos burned to thee fat thigh-pieces of bull or of ram with the prayer that hemight return, and thou didst promise and nod thyhead thereto, be thou now mindful of these things,and ward from us, O Olympian god, the pitiless dayof doom, nor suffer the Achaeans thus to be van-quished by the Trojans."

So he spake in prayer, and Zeus the counsellorthundered aloud, hearing the prayer of the agedson of Neleus.

But the Trojans, when they heard the thunder ofZeus that beareth the aegis, leapt yet the moreupon the Argives and bethought them of battle.And as when a great billow of the broad-wayed seasweepeth down over the bulwarks of a ship, whensoit is driven on by the might of the wind, which aboveall maketh the waves to swell; even so did theTrojans with a great cry rush down over the wall,and driving their chariots within, fight at the sternsof the ships with two-edged spears in close combat—they in their cars, but the Achaeans high up onthe decks of their black ships to which they hadclimbed, fought therefrom with long pikes that layat hand for them upon the ships for sea-fighting,—jointed pikes, shod at the tip with bronze.

And Patroclus, so long as the Achaeans and Trojanswere fighting about the wall aloof from the swiftships, even so long sat in the hut of kindlyEurypylus, and was making him glad with talk, andon his grievous wound was spreading simples to

135

HOMER

395

*

aura/3 erre r) retô? eeomyxeous evo^creTpaJas, drdp kavaajv yeVero

ev T' ap' eVeira /cat coKa.ra.TTpriveoa' , oXo^vpoêvos 8' eTro?

, ou/cen TO6 Swaîat -ârlovrL TreppêvefJiev 8rj yap jiteya ret/cos1 opatpev 400

dAAa ere /xev depdrrcov TTOTIT€PTT€TCO, aura/3 ey<x> yeels 'A^tAâ, it1' orpvva) TroAe/AtêtP'.

8' ofS' et Key ot cruv Saifjiovi QVJJLOV opivwd-yaO^ 8e -Trapaiâais ecrriv eraipov.

Tov JAW a/)' cS? eiTTovra iroSes <f>€pov aura/o'Aâtoi 405T/ocDa? €7T€pxo[j,evovs \ievov e/ZTreSoi/, oySe•navpoTtpovs rrep eovras aTrataaadai Trapdov8e' Trore Tpates Aavaa)^ eSvvavroprjgdpevot KXiairjcri fj.iyrjêvai, rj8e veeoaiv.ciAA' cos re arddp,r] Sopv vrfiov eîOvvti 410TCKTOVOS ev 7ra\dfj,r)cri Saijfjiovos, os pd re TrdaTjs€v elBfj crcxfriiqs VTrodrjôavvrjOtv 'A^^?,cS? yu.ei' rcSt' eVt icra fidx?) re'raro TrroAe^tos' re.aAAot S' a/z^' aXXrjat i*,a.yr]v epdxovro ve'ecrow,"E«:ra>yo 8' dW Atavros e'eicraro /cy8aAi)u.oio . 415TCO Se /ury? Tre/oc vôs1 fX0^ itovov, oi)Seou^' o rw e'êAdaat /cat evnrprjaat, rrvpl vrjaovd* 6 TOV difj ojaaadai, eW/ />' eTre'Aacrcre' yee'v#' via KAurtoto KaA^royoa ât'St/io? Ata?,Tryp es vâ (frepovTO., /card arfj6o$ fidXe Sou/at' 420SovTTTjcrev 8e TTtacbv, SaAo? Se ot €K7reae"E/croj/o 8' ais evoiqazv dveifjiov o<pdaXp,olai,v

136


assuage his dark pangs. But when he saw theTrojans rushing upon the wall, while the Danaans•with loud cries turned in flight, then he uttered agroan, and smote his two thighs with the flat of hishands, and with wailing spake, saying : " Eurypylus,in no wise may I abide longer with thee here, albeitthy need is sore ; for lo, a mighty struggle hatharisen. Nay, as for thee, let thy squire bring theecomfort, but I will hasten to Achilles, that I mayurge him on to do battle. Who knows but that,heaven helping, I may rouse his spirit with mypersuading ? A good thing is the persuasion of acomrade.

When he had thus spoken his feet bare him on;but the Achaeans firmly abode the oncoming of theTrojans, yet availed not to thrust them back fromthe ships, albeit they were fewer, nor ever could theTrojans break the battalions of the Danaans andmake way into the midst of the huts and the ships.But as the carpenter's line maketh straight a ship'stimber in the hands of a cunning workman, that iswell skilled in all manner of craft by the promptingsof Athene, so evenly was strained their war andbattle. So fought they on, divers of them aboutdivers ships, but Hector made straight for gloriousAias. They twain were labouring in the toil of warabout the same ship, nor might the one drive backthe other and burn the ship with fire, nor the otherthrust him back, now that a god had brought himnigh. Then did glorious Aias cast his spear andsmite upon the breast Caletor, son of Clytius, ashe was bearing fire against the ship ; and he fellwith a thud, and the torch dropped from out hishand. But Hector, when his eyes beheld his cousin

137

HOMER

ev Kovirjai rteaovra veos npondpoiQe. fj,eXctivr)s,Tpoxjt re /cat AvKioiaw e/ce'/cAero fj,a,Kp6v dvo~a$'"Tpojes Kal Au/aot /cat Adpoavot, dypâ^Tat, 425fj,rj STJ 7760 ;^d£ecr#e ^d^t]s ev areive'i raiSe,

vfa KAwrtoto oacoaare, prj JJLLVav\ijaa>ai vetov ev dywvi,

*Q,S el-rrajv Ata^ro? d/covrtcre Sovplroy />tev apapd' , 6 8' eVetra Au/co^pom,

ytoV, 430Ata^ro? depaTTOvra K.vdtjpiov, 6V pa Trap'ât', CTrei avSpa /care/era K.vdrjpoicri, ^rov /»' €/3a\€V K£(j>aXr)v vrrep ouaros oeoraor' ayx' AtWros" o S' VTTTLOS evvr]o$ dVo Trpvpvrjs â/xaStj Trecre, Awro Se yuta. 435Ata? Se piyrjae, Kaaiyvrjrov 8e TrpoarjvSa'"Teu/cpe TreTTOv, 8rj voj'iv drreKra.ro TTKTTOS eraiposMaaroptS-^s1, oj/ va>i' It^vdrfpodev evBov eovraicra (friXoiai roKevcriv erioêv ev /Aeydpowrov §' "E/CTcup /JLeyddvfjLos drreKrave, rrovvv TOI tot 440J)KVfj,opoL Kal ro£ov, o TOI Trope (Dot/tas1 'ATr

"Q? (j>dd', 6 oe £vver]Ke, Oecov 8e ol ay^tro£ov eâ>i> €V XetP^ rraXivrovov rjoe (f>a.perpr]vIOOOKOV fj,dAa §' c6/ca fieXea Tpweacnv e^tiei./cat p" e/?aAe KAetrov, ITetaôpo? dyAaw wtoi/, 445YlovXvodpavros ercupov, dyavov HavdotBao,rjvia êpcrtv eôvra- 6 p,kv rreTTovrjro KdB* LTTTTOVS'rfj yap e^' fj pa TroAu TrAetcrrat K\oveovro ^dAayye?,"E/cropt /cat Tpcoecrori xapiôfjievos ' Taâ 8' awra)1

1 Lines 449-451 were rejected by Aristarchus.

138


fallen in the dust in front of the black ship, calledto the Trojans and Lycians with a loud shout : " YeTrojans and Lycians and Dardanians that fight inclose combat, in no wise give ye ground from battlein this strait : nay, save ye the son of Clytius, lestso be the Achaeans strip him of his armour, now thathe is fallen amid the gathering of the ships."

So saying, he hurled at Aias with his bright spear ;him he missed, but Lycophron, Mastor's son, a squireof Aias from Cythera, who dwelt with him, for thathe had slain a man in sacred Cythera—him Hectorsmote upon the head above the ear with the sharpbronze, even as he stood near Aias, and backward inthe dust he fell to the ground from off the stern ofthe ship, and his limbs were loosed. And Aiasshuddered, and spake unto his brother: " GoodTeucer, verily a true comrade of us twain hath beenlaid low, even the son of Mastor, whom while he abodewith us, being come from Cythera, we honoured inour halls even as our own parents. Him hath great-souled Hector slain. Where now are thy arrowsthat bring swift death, and the bow that PhoebusApollo gave thee ? "

So spake he, and the other hearkened, and ran,and took his stand close beside him, bearing in hishand his bent-back bow and the quiver that heldhis arrows ; and full swiftly did he let fly his shaftsupon the Trojans. And he smote Cleitus, theglorious son of Peisenor, comrade of Polydamas, thelordly son of Panthous, even as he was holding thereins in his hand, and was busied with his horses ;for thither was he driving them, where the mostbattalions were being driven in rout, thus doingpleasure unto Hector and the Troj ans. But full swiftly

139

HOMER

KO.KOV, TO ol ov rts epvKdKcv leftevcov TTep. 450

yap ol OTTiaOe1 noXvarovos efAirecrev to?*8' e£ 6%e(DV, inrepairjaav Se ol 1777701

/cetV o%€a Kporeovres. ava$; 8' zvor)a€ ra^tcrraIToyAfSa^tas1, /cat Trpwro? evavrios rjAvdev ITTTTCDV.

Toil's /J,ev o y' 'Acrruvoaj n/soTiaovos' vle'i ScD/ce, 455TroAAa S* eTTorpvve aêSov tcrêti' elcropocovra

ITTTTOVS- avros §' aun? tcoi^ irpo^d-)(pLaivTeu/cpo? §' d'AAoM O'ICTTOI/ e^' "EiKropt

KOpVCTTfj

alvvTO, /cat /<rev erravae yua^? CTTI vr]valv

et ^ttv dptoT€vovTa fiaXajv eêt'Aero 0vfj,6v. 460dAA' ou A^ê Ato? Try/ctt'oi' vooi/, oj />' £(f>v\acrarev

"E/cro/o', dra/3 TevKpov TeAapcovtov €v%os aTrrjvpa,

6V ot ei/arpeêa vevp^v eV d^vôvi TO£O)

/o^' eVt TO) epvovri • TrapeTrXdy^dr] 8e ot aXXrj

to? âA/coâ/jT^s1, roôv Se ot eK-rreae -êipos. 465"TevKpos 8' eppiyrjae, KamyvrjTov 8e TrpoarjvSa'

" a> TTOTTOI, y 81) •7rdyxv ^X^ e>7

fj,€Tepr]?, o W /*ot ^Stot'8' eêpprjê veoaTpofjjov,-

TTpioiov, o$p OLV^XOLTO da/j,d dputaKovras oiarovs." 470Toi/ 8' rjfj,€if3eT' eVetra fj,eyas TeAa/icovtos1 Atas"

"c5 TTCTTOV, dXXd fiiov fi€v ea «at Tapfieas lovs

K€iad<u, cTret aweêve 6e6$ Aavaoto-tavrdp êpatv eAcai/ SoAtôi' So/>i> /cat ad/cos

1 Siriffffe : irpotrde Aristophanes.140


upon himself came evil that not one of them couldward off, how fain soever they were. For upon theback of his neck lighted the arrow fraught withgroanings, and he fell from the chariot, and thereatthe horses swerved aside, rattling the empty car.And the prince Polydamas swiftly marked it, andwas first to stride toward the horses. These he gaveto Astynous, son of Protiaon, and straitly enjoinedhim to hold them near at hand, watching him thewhile; and he himself went back and mingled withthe foremost fighters.

Then Teucer drew forth another arrow for Hector,harnessed in bronze, and would have made him ceasefrom battle by the ships of the Achaeans, had hebut smitten him while he was showing his prowessand taken away his life. But he was not unmarkedof the wise mind of Zeus, who guarded Hector, andtook the glory from Teucer, son of Telamon. ForZeus brake the well-twisted string upon the goodlybow, even as he was drawing it against Hector, andhis arrow heavy with bronze was turned aside, andthe bow fell from his hand. Then Teucer shuddered,and spake to his brother : " Now look you, in goodsooth a god is utterly bringing to naught the counselsof our battle, in that he hath cast the bow frommy hand, and hath broken the newly-twisted stringthat I bound fast this morning that it might availto bear the arrows that should leap thick and fasttherefrom."

Then great Telamonian Aias answered him : " Aye,friend, but leave thou thy bow and thy many arrowsto lie where they are, seeing that a god has con-founded them, in malice toward the Danaans ; buttake thou in thy hand a long spear and a shield upon

HOMER

fidpvad re Tptoecrcri KOI aXXovs opvv9t Xaovs- 475p,r) fj,av da7Tov8t ye Sa/zacrcrdêvot Trep eXoievvfjas evaaeXfjuovs, dXXd fjLvrjaa>fj,eda %dpiJ,7]$."

"D? </>d#', o 8' au TO£OV fj,ev eVi /cAtcrt^criv edrjKev,avrap o y* a^/.^' aôtcrt <ra/co? êro T€Tpa6e\v[J,i>ov,Kparl 8' CTT' l^dLâ) Kvvit]v CVTVKTOV edrjKev 480

, Setvov 8e X6<f>os KddviTepOev e§' a\KLp,ov Hy^ps, aKa^/zeVov oêt

/&7 S' levai, fJidXa S' c5/ca êcuv AtWrt"EiKTOJp 8' co? eiSev Teu/cpou /3Xacf)9evTa ê

Tpajoi T€ Kal A.vKioioiv e/ce/cAero fj,ai<pov dvcras' 485" Tpcoes Kal AVKLOI KCU AapSaôt dy^t/xa%^Tat,dvepes ecrre, <f>iXoi, fiVTJaacrOe Se Oovpibos dXKrjsvfjas dvd yXa<f)vpds • &r) yap iSov 6(f>6aX}j,olcrt,vavSpos1 dpiarfjos AioOev fiXafiOevra êXefj^va.pela, 8' dpiyvaiTos Ato? dvSpdcn yLyverca aA/c^, 490êi/ oreoioiv Kv8os vrreprepov eyyvaXi^rj,r)8* ortvas fJiLvv9rj re Kal OVK edeXrjcriv dfjbvveiv,a)S vvv 'Apyetaiv /juvvdei yiteVo?, a/Lt/zt 8' api^yet.dAAa /xctêcr^' CTTI vyvcrlv doAAe'e?' o? Se «rev vp.eajv

r]e rvnels Qdvarov Kal TTOTJAOV eTTiarrr), 495ov ol deiKes apwofMeva) Trepl TrdrprjS

Tedvd[j,€v dAA' dXo%6s re CTOTJ /cat TratSe? OTrLaaa),Kal OLKOS Kal KXrjpos dKTJparos, ei i<ev 'Amatolo'i^covrai avv vrjval faXrjv e? rrarpiSa yalav."

nQ? €L7rd)V corpvve ytieVo? Kal 6v[j,ov e/cacrrou. SQQAlas 8' au0' €T€pa>dev e/ce'/cAero of? erd

1 Line 481 is omitted in most MSS.142


thy shoulder, and do battle with the Trojans, andurge on the rest of the folk. Verily not without astruggle, for all they have overpowered us, shall theytake our well-benched ships ; nay, let us bethink usof battle."

So spake he, and Teucer laid the bow again withinthe hut, but about his shoulders put a fourfoldshield, and upon his mighty head set a well-wroughthelmet with horse-hair crest; and terribly did theplume nod from above ; and he took a valorous spear,tipped with sharp bronze, and went his way, andswiftly ran and took his stand by the side of Aias.

But when Hector saw that Teucer's shafts hadbeen brought to naught, to Trojans and Lycians hecalled with a loud shout, "Ye Trojans and Lycians andDardanians that fight in close combat, be men, myfriends, and bethink you of furious valour amid thehollow ships ; for verily mine eyes have seen howZeus hath brought to naught the shafts of a man thatis a chieftain. Full easy to discern is the aid Zeusgiveth to men, both to whomso he vouchsafeth theglory of victory, and whomso again he minisheth,and hath no mind to aid, even as now he minisheththe might of the Argives, and beareth aid to us.Nay, fight ye at the ships in close throngs, and if sobe any of you, smitten by dart or thrust, shall meetdeath and fate, let him lie in death. No unseemlything is it for him to die while fighting for hiscountry. Nay, but his wife is safe and his childrenafter him, and his house and his portion of land areunharmed, if but the Achaeans be gone with theirships to their dear native land."

So saying, he aroused the strength and spirit ofevery man. And Aias again, over against him, called

143

HOMER

"alows, 'Apyeiot' vvv dpKiov fj diroXeaOaiye aaajdrjvai KOI aTTwcraadaL /ca/ca Vf]dv.rj eXrread* , rjv vrjas €\yj KopvdaioXos "E/crcup,€[i,/3aSov c£eo~6(u r}v Trarpioa yalav e/cacrro?; 505rj OVK orpvvovros a/cowere \aov a-navTa"EiKTOpos, 09 817 vfjas eviTrpfjacu p,evea.iv€t,;ov fj,av es ye -%opov /ceAer' eXdejJuev, aT\\iiv 8' ov rt? rouSe voos /cat fj,r)Ti$rj avToaxeSir) p,ei£ai, êlpds re /xevo? re. 510fieArepov r) OLTroXeodcu eva yjpovov r]6T) SrjOa arpevyea6ai, eV alvf} S-^tor^rtc5S' avrojs Trapa vyvaiv VTT' avSpacrt

°Q? elrrdtv orpvve pevos KOA, dvôv e'/caarou.eV^' "E/crai/) /xe^ eAe SêStov, nept/A^Seos1 ftov, 515

<&a>KTJa>v, Ai,'a? 8' e'Ae AaoSa/zavrairpvXecav, 'Avrijvopos ayXaov vlov

era/30^, iieyavp^wv pôvTO) 8e Me'yrjs1 zTropovaev tSaSv o S' uVatâ Xidadrj 520

/cat rou //,ei/ dm^/jL^pOTev • ov yap

eta a v o y utoi/ evt Trpo/zaôtcrtavrdp 6 ye Kpoi'oy/.ou arfjdos /J,€0ov ovraae SovpLSovTryaev 8e Treatbv 6 8' aw' aj[ia>v revê' ecruAa.To<f>pa 8e TO) eTTopovae AoAoi/r, at^/A^s1 et» eiSw?, 525AafjLTT€TLorjs, ov AdfjLTTOs eycLVGLTo (freprarov Vlov,1

^s', e'u et'Sora Oovpioos aA/c^?,rore Oi»Aet'8ao pzaov aa/co? ovracre Sovpl

eyyvdev 6pfj.rj9fis' TTVKWOS Se' ot rjpKeae 6a>pr)£,1 <f>£pTa.Tov vlbv :


to his comrades : " Shame on you, Argives, now is itsure that we must either perish utterly or find de-liverance by thrusting back the peril from the ships.Think ye haply that if Hector of the flashing helmtake the ships, ye shall come afoot each man of youto his own native land ? Hear ye not Hector urgingon all his host in his fury to burn the ships ? Verilyit is not to the dance that he biddeth them come,but to battle. And for us there is no counsel ordevice better than this, that in close combat we bringour hands and our might against theirs. Better is itonce for all either to die or live, than long to bestraitened in dread conflict thus bootlessly besidethe ships at the hands of men that be meaner."

So saying, he aroused the strength and spirit ofevery man. Then Hector slew Schedius, son ofPerimedes, a leader of the Phocians, and Aias slewLaodamas, the leader of the footmen, the gloriousson of Antenor; and Polydamas laid low Otus ofCyllene, comrade of Phyleus' son, captain of thegreat-souled Epeians. And Meges saw, and leaptupon him, but Polydamas swerved from beneathhim, and him Meges missed; for Apollo would notsuffer the son of Panthous to be vanquished amid theforemost fighters ; but with a spear-thrust he smoteCroesmus full upon the breast. And he fell with athud, and the other set him to strip the armour fromhis shoulders. Meanwhile upon him leapt Dolops,well skilled with the spear, the son of Lampus,whom Lampus, son of Laomedon, begat, even hisbravest son, well skilled in furious might ; he it wasthat then thrust with his spear full upon the shieldof Phyleus' son, setting upon him from nigh at hand.But his cunningly-wrought corselet saved him, the

VOL. II L 145

HOMER

TOV p" €(f)6pei yuaAoiow dprjpora.' rov TTOT€ OuAeu? 530

vjyayev e£ 'EûpTjs1, Trora/uou dVo£elvos yap ot eScoKev ava£ dvopojv

es TToXefjuov ep'opeeii', orjiwv dvSp&v d

o$ OL KO.L Tore TratSo? (XTTO ^poo? ^pxecr' o\e9pov.

TOV 8e Mey^j Kopvdos xaXiajpeos Imro8acrei'r]s 535

8' «x<^)' tTTTretov X6(f)ov

eV Kovirjan, veov

yos o TO* TToAe'jatê peviav, ert 8' e'ATrero

r6<f>pa Se ot Meve'Aaos1 apîb? rjXOev d^vvrcop, 5408' €Vpd£ avv Sovpl Xa9a>v, jSaAe 8' ajfjiov

8e orepvoio Stecrcruro

Trpdcrcra) le/jLevrj' 6 8' apa Trprjvrjs

avXrjcreiv. "E/crcop 8e /cacrty^Totcrt KeXevae 545

Tracrt jttaAa, Trpcorov 8' 'IftreTaovt'STji/ evevinev,

MeAavtTTTTOv. d 8' o^pa p:ev etAtTroSa?

pocr/c ej' Hep/ccoT^, 8r)ta)v drrovoaîv eo

avrdp eTret Aavaaiv ve'es1 vjXvdov d

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(f>iXov yrop dvei/uov /cra/x.evoto;

opdas olov AoAoTros1 Trepi reuê' enovaiv; 555dAA' €TT€V ov yap eV earw aTrocrraSov 'Apyeioicri146


corselet that he was wont to wear, fitted with platesof mail. This Phyleus had brought from out ofEphyre, from the river Selleis. For a guest-friendof his, the king of men Euphetes, had given it himthat he might wear it in war, a defence against foe-men ; and this now warded death from the body ofhis son. Then Meges thrust with his sharp spear uponthe topmost socket of the helm of bronze with horse-hair plume which Dolops wore, and shore therefromthe plume of horse-hair, and all the plume, bright withits new scarlet dye, fell in the dust. Now while Megesabode and fought with Dolops, and yet hoped forvictory, meanwhile warlike Menelaus came to bearhim aid, and he took his stand on one side with hisspear, unmarked of Dolops, and cast and smote himon the shoulder from behind ; and the spear in itsfury sped through his breast, darting eagerly onward,and he fell upon his face ; and the twain made forhim to strip from his shoulders his armour wroughtof bronze. But Hector called to his kinsmen, oneand all, and first did he chide Hicetaon's son, strongMelanippus. He until this time had been wont tofeed his kine of shambling gait in Percote, while thefoemen were yet afar, but when the curved ships ofthe Danaans came, he returned back to Ilios, and waspre-eminent among the Trojans ; and he dwelt in thehouse of Priam, who held him in like honour withhis own children. Him did Hector chide, and spakeand addressed him, saying : " In good sooth, Melan-ippus, are we to be thus slack ? Hath thine ownheart no regard for thy kinsman that is slain ? Seestthou not in what wise they are busied about thearmour of Dolops ? Nay, come thou on; for nolonger may we fight with the Argives from afar,

147

HOMER

[jidpvaoOai, TrptV y* rj€ Kara/era//. ev ê /car*"lAtov ai-newrjv e'Ae'etf KrdaQai re TroAiras'."

'Apyeioi;? S' orpvve ju-eya? TeAaîcovtos1 Ata?- 560« T / / \ > / w v '<> -> /3 / /!> » <CD (piAoi, avepes ecrre, /cat atooj pecrt/ ei'taAXrjAovs T' atSetcrê wrara, Kparzpas val8ofj,€va>v 8' avSpajv TrAeove? crooi iê

8' OUT' ap /Âeo? opvvrai ovre ns dA/oj."6(f>ad' , ol Se /cat aurot d\e£aor6ai fj,€veaLvov, 565

8' efidXovro ZTTOS, (f>pd£avro Se V7• CTTI Se Zev? TpaJa? e

8' orpvve fiorjv dyaOos Met'e'Aaos";', ou Tt? creto veturepo? d'AAos1 '

oure TToalv 6daaa)v ovr' dA/a/u,o? a»? cry i^dêaOai 570et Twd TTOV TpaScDp' e^dA/Aevos1 dVSpa (3d\OLCr6a."

"O? etTTtov o jU-ev aun? aTreaavTo, rov 8' opoOvvzv€K 8' edope Trpoyud^cov, /cat d/cwrtae 8oi;pt tfraeiviodfj,(f)l e TraTTTrjVcus ' vrro 8e Tpcue? /ce/cdSovrodvSpo? dKovriaaravTos ' o 8' ou^ aAtot1 /SeAo? rJK€V, 575dAA' 'I/cerdovo? ytot', V7T€pdvfj,ov MeXdvmirov,

TToAe/u-dvSe ^SdAe arrjOos irapd na£,6v.8e Ttectwv, rov Se a/coros1 ocrae /cdAyi/»ev.3

8' erropovae KVCOV co?, o? T' evrt vefipa)di' -9], rov T' e^- ewry<^t Sopovra 580eruîjcre fiaXcov, vneXvcre 8e

eVt aot, MeAdvt7T77€, 0op' '

148

1 Line 562 is omitted in some MSS.2 'epKe'i: Hfxe'i.

3 Line 578 is omitted in some MSS.


till either we slay them, or they utterly take steepIlios, and slay her people."

So saying, he led the way, and the other followedwith him, a godlike man. And the Argives did greatTelamonian Aias urge on, saying : " My friends, bemen, and take ye shame in your hearts, and haveshame each of the other in the fierce conflict. Of menthat have shame more are saved than are slain ; butfrom them that flee springeth neither glory nor anyavail."

So spake he, and they even of themselves wereeager to ward off the foe, but they laid up his wordin their hearts, and fenced in the ships with a hedgeof bronze ; and against them Zeus urged on theTrojans. Then Menelaus, good at the war-cry, ex-horted Antilochus : " Antilochus, none other of theAchaeans is younger than thou, nor swifter of foot,nor valiant as thou art in fight; I would thoumightest leap forth, and smite some man of theTrojans."

He spake, and hasted back again himself, butaroused the other, and Antilochus leapt forth fromamid the foremost fighters and, glancing warily abouthim, hurled with his bright spear, and back did theTrojans shrink from the warrior as he cast. Not invain did he let fly his spear, but smote Hicetaon'sson, Melanippus, high of heart, as he was coming tothe battle, upon the breast beside the nipple ; andhe fell with a thud, and darkness enfolded his eyes.And Antilochus sprang upon him, as a hound thatdarteth upon a wounded fawn, that a hunter withsure aim hath smitten as it leapt from its lair, andhath loosed its limbs ; even in such wise upon thee,O Melanippus, leapt Antilochus staunch in fight, to

149

HOMER

reir\;ea (rvXrjaaJV. dAA' ov Xd0€V "E/cropa Stoi>,o? pa oi dvrios rjXde deaiv ava SîbTJyra.'AvTtAoô? 8* o?5 (Jielve Boos Trep ewv TToXejjucrr'ijg, 555aAA' o y* ap' erpeae dfjpl KO.KOV peâvnoy re /cwa /cretVa? ^ fiovKoXov a^l(frevyet, TTpLv irep oîiXov aoAAtcr^/xeât cxvSpcDi'*to? rpeae NearropiSrjs, em Se Tpaies1 Te /cat "E/cra;/)

fieXea orovoevra yjiovro" 590i^ Se fjL€raarp€cf)0€i,s, evret t/ceroTpcoes Se Xeiovoiv eoiKores

vrjvalv eTreaaevovro, Ato? Se re'Aetoi'o a<f)Lcriv alev eyei/>e pevos /ieya, ê'Aye Se

i/ /<rat /cuSo? arraivvro, rovs S' opodvvzv. 595yap ot 6vp,6$ e^SouAero /cuSo? 6pe£ai

iva vrjvcrl Kopaivicn OeamSaes Trvpdfj,aTov, ©e'riSo? S' e£aiaiov dp'f]v

Traaav ^mKpijveie- TO yap /zeVe fifjriera Zevg,VTJOS Ka.io[i€Vf]s cre'Aas" o^âA/iotcrtv ISeadai. 600e/c yap Si) rof; /xe'AAe TraXicoîv Trapd vrjcovdrjcrefjievai, Tpctxov, kavaolai Se /c£?So? op€^€tv.rd (fapovttov VTJecraw CTTI yXa(/}vpfjcriv zyetpzv"E/cropa Ylpia.fjLiB'iqv, /zaAa Trep fj,6p,aa>ra /cat ayrov./maivero S' to? or' "Aprjs e'yê'crTraAo? 07 oAooV 7rt»p ^^ôvpeai fjt,aivrjTcu, /Jaê'^? eV rapêcriv vXrjs"

Se Trept aropa yiyvero, TOJ Se' ot oaaevpffOw vrf 6<j)pvoiv, d/z«^t Se TnjXrjl;

/cporaôtcrt nva.aoe.ro /-tapâ/zeVoio"E/cropoy ai/ro? yap ot a??' aldepos yev d/jivvrcop2 ®^®

1 (36eff(Ti: ol avr$ Zenodotus.2 Lines 610-614 were rejected by Zenodotus and Arist-

archus.150


strip from thee thine armour. Howbeit he was notunseen of goodly Hector, who came running to meethim amid the battle ; and Antilochus abode not, swiftwarrior though he was, but fled like a wild beastthat hath wrought some mischief—one that hathslain a hound or a herdsman beside his kine, andfleeth before the throng of men be gathered together ;even so fled the son of Nestor ; and the Trojans andHector with wondrous shouting poured forth uponhim their darts fraught with groanings ; but heturned and stood, when he had reached the host ofhis comrades.

But the Trojans, like ravening lions, rushed uponthe ships, and were fulfilling the behests of Zeus,who ever roused great might in them, but made thehearts of the Argives to melt, and took away theirglory, while he spurred on the others. For his heartwas set on giving glory to Hector, son of Priam, tothe end that he might cast upon the beaked shipsunwearied, wondrous-blazing fire, and so fulfil to theuttermost the presumptuous prayer of Thetis. Evenfor this was Zeus the counsellor waiting, that hiseyes might behold the glare of a burning ship ; forfrom that time forth was he to ordain a driving-backof the Trojans from the ships, and to grant glory tothe Danaans. With this intent he was rousingagainst the hollow ships Hector son of Priam, thatwas himself full eager. And he was raging likeAres, wielder of the spear, or as when consuming firerageth among the mountains in the thickets of a deepwood ; and foam came forth about his mouth, andhis two eyes blazed beneath his dreadful brows, andround about his temples terribly shook the helm ofHector as he fought; for Zeus out of heaven was

151

HOMER

Zeu?, o? iuv TrAeweom ywer' dvSpdai fj,ovvov e'cWariyua /cat /cuSati'e. p,ivvv6d$ios yapecraecrd''• 17877 yap ot erropwe jJiopcnôvHaXXds 'AQyvaiTr) VTTO HrjXciSao ^Li]^>iv./cat p" 60<-\€v prjât, ari)(as av^ptJov TreiprjTi^wv', 615^ §r) TrAetoTov 6(j,iXov opa /cat reu\;e' apiara'aAA' oi5S' w? Svvaro prjâi pdXa irep fj,€vea,LVWVla)(ov yap -rrvpyôv apiqpor^s, rjvre TrerprfrjXifiaros /êyaAiy, TroXirjs d\o$ eyyvs lovaa,rj re fj,€vet Xiytaiv aWyucoi' Aat^pa KeXevda 620/cyyuara re Tpofioevra, ra re TTpocrepevyerai,&S Aaâot Tôwas- fjLtvov efjiireSov ouSeavrap 6 AafjiTTOfêvos rrvpi Trdvrodev eveV 8' eVecr' co? ore /cu/za 017 eVXdj3poi> viral v€<f>6O>i> aveiJLorpe<f)€s- rj 8e re rracra 625

V7T€Kpv^>6^, avepoio 8e Seivos diJTTjseii,/3pe[j,€Tat, rpof-ieovm 8e re <ôeVa vavrai

" rvrdov yap VTTCK Oavdroio (fjepovrai'coy e'Sat ero 6v/ii6$ evl arTJdecrmv 'Axaiajv.avrdp o y* a>s re Aeajv oXoocfrpajv fiovalv eTreAdans, 630at pd r' ev €iafj,evfj eXeos /ueyaAoto v^fiovrai

eV Se' re rfjcri vofjievs ou TTO> craâ ei'Swjfj,a%eaaaadai eXcKos fioos d^l ôvâw

rj rot o /ê^ Trpatrrjcri /cat vararirjai, floeaaivalev o/xocrrtâet, o Se' r' eV aarjaLV opovcras 635fiovv eSei, at Se re Traaat VTrerpeaav' cos TOT'

'AâtotdearrtaLujs t$6fiT]Q&> v<f>' "E/croyot /cat Ait narpi152


himself his defender, and vouchsafed him honour andglory, alone as he was amid so many warriors. Forbrief was his span of life to be, since even nowPallas Athene was hastening on the day of his doombeneath the might of the son of Peleus. But fainwas he to break the ranks of men, making trial ofthem wheresoever he saw the greatest throng and thegoodliest arms. Yet not even so did he avail tobreak them, for all he was so eager ; for they abodefirm-fixed as it were a wall, like a crag, sheer andgreat, hard by the grey sea, that abideth the swiftpaths of the shrill winds, and the swelling waves thatbelch forth against it; even so the Danaans withstoodthe Trojans steadfastly, and fled not. But Hectorshining all about as with fire leapt among the throng,and fell upon them ; even as when beneath the cloudsa fierce-rushing wave, swollen by the winds, fallethupon a swift ship, and she is all hidden by the foamthereof, and the dread blast of the wind roarethagainst the sail, and the hearts of the sailors shudderin their fear, for that, by little are they borne forthfrom death ; even so were the hearts of the Achaeansrent within their breasts. But he fell upon them likea lion of baneful mind coming against kine, that aregrazing in the bottom-land of a great marsh, andthere is no counting them, and among them is aherdsman that is as yet unskilled to fight with a wildbeast over the carcase of a sleek heifer that hathbeen slain : he verily walketh ever by their side, nowabreast of the foremost of the kine, and now of thehindmost, but the lion leapeth upon the midmost, anddevoureth a heifer, and thereat they all flee in terror ;even so in wondrous wise were the Achaeans one andall then driven in wondrous rout by Hector and father

153

HOMER

6 8' olov 67re(/>v€ MvKr)vaiov<f>L\ov vlov, 6V }Zvpva6fjos avaKrosoi'êovce fiir) 'Hpa/cAêt^. 640

rov yev€T* €K Trarpos TroAt) îpovo? VLOS djj,€iviovTravroias dperds, rj[j,ev 7r68as rjSe/cat voov ev TrpcoToicri M.VKrjvaia>v05 pa. rod' "E/cropi KvSos vntprepovarp€(/)dels yap ^roTnadev ev acrm'Sos avrvyi rrdXro, 645rrjv avros ôpeecr/ce TroByveKe*, epKos aKovrcov

~ « ' > ^ o ^ y / l ^ / " ' M C 1 'rrj o y evi pAaipc/etS' Treaev VTTTLOS, apcpi oe

"E/crcup S' oî) vorjae, decor Se otarrjOe'C 8' ev Sdpy TT^€, <f>i\a>v Se /ztv tyyits eraipcov 650KT€LV' • ol 8' oC/c eSwavro /cat a^vu/zevot ?rep eraipovXpaianeiv avrol yap /âAa Sei'Stcrai/ "E/cropa Stov.

Eicra>7rot S' eyeVovro êaiv, Trept 8' ea^dov a/cpcu", ocrat TrpcDrat eipvaro' rot 8 eVe^wro.

8e vecDv /zet' €%a)pr]aav /cat dvdyKrj 5557rpa)T€O)v, avrov Se Trapa K\Lalrjcriv ep:etvav

d6pooi, ovS' eKeBaaBev dvd arparov tcrê yapai'Sto?

/cat Se'os" d^rjxes yap oûo/cAeoj/ dAAÂotcrt.NeWaip aure yLtaAtara Fep^tos1, ovposAtcrcre^' WTrep TOKCCOV yovvovp,evos dv8pa eKaarov 660ff c5 (j)iXoi, dvepes tare, /cat at'Sa)

dvdpa)7TOJV, eVt Se fjbvrjaaade1)8' aAo^wv /cat /CTTÔ-IO? i)Se

1 rotcrjuv : re/c^wv.1 The phrase eicrwiroi 5' dytvovro cannot here mean " they

came in sight of," and it is extremely forced to explain it onthe assumption that the Greeks have until now been facing154


Zeus, albeit Hector slew one only man, Periphetesof Mycenae, the dear son of Copreus, that had beenwont to go on messages from king Eurystheus to themighty Heracles. Of him, a father baser by far, wasbegotten a son goodlier in all manner of excellence,both in fleetness of foot and in fight, and in mind hewas among the first of the men of Mycenae ; he itwas who then yielded to Hector the glory of victory.For, as he turned back, he tripped upon the rim ofthe shield that himself bare, a shield that reachedto the feet, a defence against javelins : thereon hestumbled and fell backward, and about his templeshis helm rang wondrously as he fell. And Hectorwas quick to mark it, and ran, and stood close besidehim, and fixed his spear in his breast, and slew himhard by his dear comrades ; and they availed not toaid him, albeit they sorrowed for their comrade ; forthemselves were sore adread of goodly Hector.

Now were they got among the ships,1 and theoutermost ships encircled them, even they that hadbeen drawn up in the first line ; but their foes rushedon. And the Argives gave way perforce from theoutermost ships, but abode there beside their huts, allin one body, and scattered not throughout the camp ;for shame withheld them and fear; and unceasinglythey called aloud one to the other. And above allothers Nestor of Gerenia, the warder of the Achaeans,besought each man, adjuring him by them that begathim, saying : " My friends, play the man, and takein your hearts shame of other men, and be ye mindful,each man of you, of children and wife, of possessions

the Trojans, but at this point turn, and so have their facestoward the ships (Ameis). The context demands the meaninggiven above, whether or not we assume connexion with OTTTJ.

155

HOMER

t,o)ovoi /ecu aeV$aS' eyco yovvdt,op,ai ov -jrapeovra^v 665

ecrra//,evafc KparepoJs, fj,rj8e rpcoTrdoOe fioflovSe.""D? ZITTWV orpvve ftevos /cat 6v{j,ov eWacrrou.

TOiai 8' (XTT' o(j)0aX/ji(JL>v v€(f)os oi^Xvos dxrevQeaireaiov /uaAa Se a<f)t (f>6a)s yeVer' d

TTpos vif](av KOI O/JLOUOV 7roAe)u,oio. 670Se (j>pdacravTO fiorjv ayadov /cat eraipovs,

oooi perornodev d(f)€aracrav ovSe fj,dôvrot

ocrcrot Trapa vrjvol IAO-XW e/ictôi/TO dofjcnv.OuS' ap' er' Ai'at'Tt fj,6ya\TJTopi rjvSave #iy/.a)

lardfiev evda irep aAAot dfiecrraaav vies 'Aâtaji/- 675dAA' o ye ^7ô)v iwpt' eTrwêro /ia/c/odvwfjLCL Be £vcrrov peya vavjj,aôv ev TrKoXXrjrov fiXrJTpoioi, Syco/catet/cocrtTrû.ai? 8' 6V dvr^p iTnroicrL KeXrjTiêLv €ii €i8a>s,os r' €TT€L ZK TToAeajv TrLavpas avvaeLpeTCLi "TTTTOVS, 680aevas e'/c TreStoto /xeya rtporl aarvAaoô/oov /ca^' oSoi'' TroAee? re edvepes ^§e ywat/ce? • o §' e/XTreSoi' acrâAe? aiet6pa)OKWv a'AAor' eV a'AAoi' a/xeiySerat, ot Se vre'-

rovrai •&s Atas e77i TToAAa Qodcov iKpia vytov 685(f)oira /j,a.Kpd /3i/3d$, <f)a>vri Se oi aidep*alel 8e afjuepSvov fioocov Aat'aotcrt /ce'Aewevrjvai re /cat KXicrirjaiv dpLvvepêv, ov8e fjik[ALfjtvev evl Tpcbajv ojjidSa) TTVKCLdAA' cos" r' opvidcuv Trererjvojv aleros aWutv 690

eôpîarat TTOTafiov rrdpa /3oaKop,€vda>v,WV r) yepdvatv r) KVKVO>V SovXixo8elpa>v,

1 Lines 668-673 were rejected by Aristarchus.2 diijTcu ; diwKij.

156


and of his parents, whether in the case of any theybe living or be dead. For the sake of them thatare not here with us do I now beseech you to standfirm, and turn not back in flight."

So saying, he aroused the strength and spirit ofevery man, and from their eyes Athene thrust awaythe wondrous, cloud of mist, and mightily did lightcome to them from either hand, both from the side ofthe ships and from that of evil war. And all beheldHector, good at the war-cry, and his comrades, alikethey that stood in the rear and fought not, and allthey that did battle by the swift ships.

Now was it no more pleasing to the soul of great-hearted Aias to stand in the place where the rest ofthe sons of the Achaeans stood aloof, but he keptfaring with long strides up and down the decks ofthe ships, and he wielded in his hands a long pikefor sea-fighting, a pike jointed with rings, of a lengthof two and twenty cubits. And as a man well-skilledin horsemanship harnesseth together four horseschosen out of many, and driveth them in swift coursefrom the plain toward a great city along a highway,while many marvel at him, both men-folk and women,and ever with sure step he leapeth, and passeth fromhorse to horse, while they speed on ; even so Aiaskept ranging with long strides over the many decksof the swift ships, and his voice went up to heaven,as ever with terrible cries he called to the Danaansto defend their ships and huts. Nor did Hector abideamid the throng of the mail-clad Trojans, but as atawny eagle darteth upon a flock of winged fowlthat are feeding by a river's bank—a flock of wildgeese, or cranes, or long-necked swans, even so

157

HOMER

tus "EiKTaip Wvae veo$ KvavoTrpwpoiodvrios dt£as~ rov Se Zey? oJcrev1 o-madeX€Lpl {J*dXa fjteydXr), cbrpvve Se Xaov a\i avrco. 695

Avrts Se Spt//,eia fâ-X7] âpol vrjvalv<f)ai'r]$ K a/cyLt^ras1 Kal dretpeas dXAavreaB* eV TroAeyuoj, a*? eacrvpevajs e/xaôvro.roiai Se fjuapvanevoicnv 08' rjv voos ' ^ TOCou/c e<j>aoav fievêaOat, VTTZK KO.KOV, aAA' dAeecrât, 700

v S' e'ATrero 0V[j,o$ eVt crrrjOeacriv e/cacrrou

ot yuev TO, ^>pov€ovres eêcrraaav a"Ewrrajp Se 77-py/zvrjs1 veos1 rpfjaro TrovrOTropoio,KaXfjs <l)KvdXov, fj n/)O)Te«TtAaoi' eveiKev 705€$• TpoLrfv, ovS' avTis OLTrriyaye TrarpiSa yalav.rov TTep 8rj irepl vyos 'Aâtot re Tpcue? reSTÔW dAAÂous' aurocrêSoi' • ot)S' apa rot yero^cov diKas dpfiis jj,evov ouS' er' d/covratv,aAA' ot y' eyyvOev tcrra/xevot, eVa 6vfj,ov exovres, 710oêcri 8^ TreAe/cecrcrt Acat aftV^cri \i/cat £i(f)€aw fJieyaXoicri Kal eyêcrivTToAAd 8e fidcryava KaXd /zeAdvSeraaAAa /zev e/c ;êip<w âyLtaSts" Treoov, aXXa §' aV

fj,apva[j,6va)v • pee 8' atfiari yata peXaiva.. 715Se Trpv^Vf]dev errel Xdftev ov^t êdiei,

a<f>XaaTov /xera êyoow e.û>v, Tpwalv Se KeAevev" otcrere 7r£>p, a/xa S' aurot doAAe'e? opvvr* dvTijv

1 Siaev Aristarchus : 6p<rej'.2 Line 712 was rejected by Aristarchus.

1 The S.(j)\aarov seems to be identical with the Kopv/j.j3a of158


Hector made for a dark-prowed ship, rushing straightthereon ; and from behind Zeus thrust him on withexceeding mighty hand, and aroused the host togetherwith him.

Then again keen battle was set afoot beside theships. Thou wouldst have deemed that all un-wearied and unworn they faced one another in war,so furiously did they fight. And in their fightingthey were minded thus : the Achaeans verily deemedthat they should never escape from out the peril,but should perish, while for the Trojans, the heartin each man's breast hoped that they should firethe ships and slay the Achaean warriors. Suchwere their thoughts as they stood, each host againstthe other. But Hector laid hold of the stern ofa seafaring ship, a fair ship, swift upon the brine,that had borne Protesilaus to Troy, but brought himnot back again to his native land. About his shipAchaeans and Trojans were slaying one another inclose combat, nor did they longer hold aloof andthus endure the flight of arrows and of darts, butstanding man against man in oneness of heart, theyfought with sharp battle-axes and hatchets, and withgreat swords and two-edged spears. And many goodlyblades, bound with dark thongs at the hilt, fell tothe ground, some from the hands and some from theshoulders of the warriors as they fought; and theblack earth flowed with blood. But Hector, when hehad grasped the ship by the stern, would not loosehis hold, but kept the ensignl in his hands, and calledto the Trojans : " Bring fire, and therewithal raiseix. 241,—a "tall ornamental projection in which the sternof the ship ran up " (Leaf).

159

HOMER

vvv ^fifjuv iravrcov Zei)? aftov ^fj,ap eSa)K€,

vfjas IXeiv, at Sevpo deoJv ae/c^rc />toAot;crai 720

ri^lv TTT^tara TroAAa Qeaav, /caKor-^rt yepoVTa>v,

ot p,' edeXovra /zaêaflat em TrpvfjivfjaLV veeaaiv

avrov T' ioxavdaoKov epyrvovro re Aaw-

aAA' et S1^ /5a rore ^SAaTrre fipevas evpvoTra Zew?

•f][j,€T€pas, vvv avros eVorpwet /cat (xvaiyet." 725n / — v > / ; / \ > « < > » » "\\ ' ' » A ' "Lls €(pa.u , ot o apa[AaAAov en Apyetotatvopoucrav.

Ataj S' ouKer' e/At/xve' jSiaêro yap ^SeAeecratv

aAA' ave^cxêro rvrdov, oiofAevos daveecrOai,

dpfjvvv €(f>* eTTTaTToSrjv, AiVe 8' t'/cpta vô? etarjs-

€vd* ap' o y* ecrTTj/cet SeSo/cêvos1, eyêi' 8' atet 739

Tpa)a? afiwe veaiv, o? rt? <f>epoi aKaparov

atet Se a/j,€p8vw fioocov Aaâotcrt

" c5 ^tAot ^pcue? Aavaot, depaTrov

avepe? eare, <f>i\oi, fjivrjaaade Se 6ovpi8o$ a

•ê Ttva? (frafJLev etvat aoaarfr^pas oTriaatt), 735

•ê rt retôs1 apeLov, o K dv8pa.cn Aotyot' d/jujvai;

ov fJilv Ti crêSov' ecrn TrdAt? Trupyots* apaputa,

^ AC* d7Ta[j,vvaifj,€od' erepaA/cea ^fffj.ov eôvres"

aAA' ev yap Tpa>a>v TreSta; Tru/ca 6a)pTf]Krda)v

TTOVra) /ceAcAipê'voi e'/cas" TJ/Jicda TrarpiSos a'irjs' 740

TO) eV X€Pa'L ôa>s, ov /xetAt^tTy 7roAe)uoto."

1 The word Oprjvvs (commonly " footstool ") has here ameaning not easy to determine. The scholiasts and lexico-graphers explain it, now as a thwart, or rowers' bench, now160


ye the war-cry all with one voice ; now hath Zeusvouchsafed us a day that is recompense for all—totake the ships that came hither in despite of thegods, and brought us many woes, by reason of thecowardice of the elders, who, when I was eager tofight at the sterns of the ships, kept me back, andwithheld the host. But if Zeus, whose voice is borneafar, then dulled our wits, now of himself he urgethus on and giveth command."

So spake he, and they leapt the more upon theArgives. But Aias no longer abode, for he was sorebeset with darts, but, ever foreboding death, gaveground a little along the bridge x of seven feet inheight, and left the deck of the shapely ship. Therestood he on the watch, and with his spear he everwarded from the ship whosoever of the Trojanssought to bring unwearied fire; and ever withterrible cries he called to the Danaans : " Friends,Danaan warriors, squires of Ares, be men, my friends,and bethink you of furious might. Do we haplydeem that there are other helpers at our backs, orsome stronger wall to ward off ruin from men ? Inno wise is there hard at hand a city fenced with walls,whereby we might defend ourselves, having a hostto turn the tide of battle ; nay, it is in the plain ofthe mail-clad Trojans that we are set, with naughtto support us but the sea, and far from our nativeland. Therefore in the might of our hands is thelight of deliverance, and not in slackness in fight."as a platform upon which the helmsman stood. I followLeaf in assuming that it means a bridge connecting the afterdeck, from which Aias is driven, with the forward deck.That this should have been seven feet in height above thehold is entirely natural; it would thus allow the rowers tomove about freely beneath it.

VOL. II M J6l

HOMER

'H, Kai fjiaifJi(jo(jL>v €(f>€TTos TIS Se Tpcocov KoiArjs €7rt vrjvalavv TTvpl KT^Aeto), ^a/5tv "E/cropo? orpvvavTos,TOV 8' Ai'a? ovraaKe SeSey/xeVo? *yXG'l po-Kpty' 745§c68g«:a 8e TroTT&oide vecDv ayrocreSoi' ovra.

162


He spake, and kept driving furiously at the foewith his sharp spear. And whoso of the Trojanswould rush upon the hollow ships with blazing fire,doing pleasure to Hector at his bidding, for himwould Aias wait, and wound him with a thrust ofhis long spear ; and twelve men did he wound inclose fight in front of the ships.

i6s

IAIAAOS n"D? ot fj,ev rrepl vi]os eiiacreXfjioio

YLdrpoK\os 8' 'A^tA^t Tra.piaTO.ro ,8a.Kpva depict, XGOIV a)s re Kp^vr]ij re /car' atyiAiTro? Trerpys $vo<f>€pov êei uSa>/>.rov 8e t'Scoi' w/cTeipe1 rroBdpKrjs 8los 'A^tAAeu?, 5/cat JLUV (f>a)V)joa$ eTvea Trrcpoevra 7rpocrr)v8(f" TLirre SeSa/cpycrat, HaT/od/cAees1, Tjure Kovpf]vf]Tfli]y if 6' apa nirjTpl deova* dveXeadai dvcbyei,elavov arrro}j,evr) , /cat r' ecrcru/zeVTyv /carepu/cet,Sa/cpudecrcra 8e /zti/ 7rort8e)o/cerat, o^p' dveA^rai- JQTT^ t/ceAo?, ITarpo/cAe, repev Kara 8aKpvov etêt?.Tje TI Mu/3/uSoi'eacrt TTtâua/ceai, •)} e/zot aura),776 TIJ/' ayye\if]v Qdirj? ej; e/cAue? otoy;

fj,dv ert ^>acrt Mevotriot', "A/cropos1 ftdi',S' Ata/ctSi7? IlÂei)? /*era Mup/uiSdyeom, 15

/ce /xaA' dp,<f)or€pa)v d/caôt^Lteâ reOvrjtoraJV.•ê cry y' 'Apyeta)^ dAo<^ypeat, tu? o\€Kovraivqvolv err i, yAafivpfjaw vrreppaafys eVe/ca cr(f>fjs;e' auSa, yu-^ K€vde voa), Iva ei'So/xev

Tov 8e /3apv arevdxcov irpooefiy20

ve/ueaa' roov yap

Aristarchus.164

BOOK XVI

THUS then they were warring around the well-benched ship, but Patroclus drew nigh to Achilles,shepherd of the host, shedding hot tears, even as afountain of dark water that down over the face of abeetling cliff poureth its dusky stream ; and swift-footed goodly Achilles had pity when he saw him,and spake and addressed him with winged words :" Why, Patroclus, art thou bathed in tears, like agirl, a mere babe, that runneth by her mother's sideand biddeth her take her up, and clutcheth at hergown, and hindereth her in her going, and tearfullylooketh up at her, till the mother take her up ? Evenlike her, Patroclus, dost thou let fall round tears.Hast thou haply somewhat to declare to theMyrmidons or to mine own self, or is it some tidingsout of Phthia that thyself alone hast heard ? Stilllives Menoetius, men tell us, Actor's son, and stilllives Peleus, son of Aeacus, amid the Myrmidons, forwhich twain would we grieve right sore, were theydead. Or art thou sorrowing for the Argives, howthey are being slain beside the hollow ships by reasonof their own presumptuous act ? Speak out; hideit not in thy mind ; that we both may know."

Then with a heavy groan, didst thou make answer,O knight Patroclus : " O Achilles, son of Peleus, farthe mightiest of the Achaeans, be not wroth ; so great

165

HOMER

ot }JL€V yap Sr) Trdvres, oaoi Trdpos fjaav aptaroi,ev vt]va\v /cearat ê^Xfjfjievoi ovrdêvoi re.fieftXrjTai pev 6 TySec'S^s1 Kparepos Aio^S^?, 25ovracrrai S' 'OSucreus' 8ovpiK\vTos 7)8' 'Aya/Ae//,vcoi>,(3e/3\r)T(u Se /cat Eu/JUTruAo? /cara fj,r/pov oicrrco.TOV$ fj,ev r' li(]rpoie'A/ce' d/ceto/xei'ot • cru §' dfJLijxavos eVAeu,jMi) e/xe y' ow ouro? ye Xdfioi ôAoy, of cru <f>v\da-

aeis, 30aivaperrj • ri crev aAAo? wrycrerat oiffiyovdsat /ce /AT) 'Apyetoicrtv aet/cea Aotyo^ dfj,vvys;vr)Xee$, OVK apa aol ye Trarrjp 3\v tTTzroraoi)8e ©e'rt? fjLTJrrjp- yXavKT) 8e ere riKre OdXaacraTTerpat T* lyAtârot, ort rot voo? ecrrtv aTrr^VT]?. 35et Se rtva (f>pecrt, afjai, deoTTpoTriyv dAeetVei?/cat rtvct rot Trap ZTJVOS" eTre^yoaSe Trorvia p,ijrr)p,dXX' €fj(,e Trep TTpoes &X > dpCL §' d'AAoi^ Aaov oTraaaovM.vppiS6vcov, r\v TTOV rt (frdcos Aavaotcrt yeVa>/iat.86? Se ju,oi ajfAouv ra era reuêa Qajp^drlvcu, 40ai' /c' e/xe crot icr/covre? a7rocr\;<WTai TroAe/xotoTpcDe?, dva77veucraicri 8' aprîbt utes1

ret/jd/xevot • oXi-yrj Se T' diâTrveycris1

peta Se /c' aK/jiijres KGKôras a.v§pas avrfja>arai[ji€V rrporl acrru vecSv1 euro /cat /cAtatctcov." 45

"Qs1 <^dVo Xiacroêvos /ze'ya VT^TTIO? • 77 yct/3 e)u,eAA€i/ot avra) Odvarov re /ca/cw /cat /c^pa Atre'crât.TOV Se ftey' oxOijaas rrpoaeî] TroSay

166

THE ILIAD, XVI. 23-48

a sorrow hath overmastered the Achaeans. Forverily all they that aforetime were bravest, lie amongthe ships smitten by darts or wounded with spear-thrusts. Smitten is the son of Tydeus, mightyDiomedes, wounded with spear-thrust is Odysseus,famed for his spear, and Agamemnon, and smitten,too, is Eurypylus with an arrow in the thigh. Aboutthese the leeches, skilled in many simples, are busied,seeking to heal their wounds ; but with thee mayno man deal, Achilles. Never upon me let such wrathlay hold, as that thou dost cherish, O thou whosevalour is but a bane ! Wherein shall any other evenyet to be born have profit of thee, if thou ward notoff shameful ruin from the Argives ? Pitiless one, thyfather, meseems, was not the knight Peleus, nor wasThetis thy mother, but the grey sea bare thee, andthe beetling cliffs, for that thy heart is unbending.But if in thy mind thou art shunning some oracle,and thy queenly mother hath declared to thee aughtfrom Zeus, yet me at least send thou forth speedily,and with me let the rest of the host of the Myrmidonsfollow, if so be I may prove a light of deliverance tothe Danaans. And grant me to buckle upon myshoulders that armour of thine, in hope that theTrojans may take me for thee, and so desist fromwar, and the warlike sons of the Achaeans maytake breath, wearied as they are ; for scant is thebreathing-space in battle. And lightly might wethat are unwearied drive men that are wearied withthe battle back to the city from the ships and thehuts."

So spake he in prayer, fool that he was, for insooth it was to be his own evil death and fate for whichhe prayed. Then, his heart deeply stirred, spake

167

HOMER

" a> /jboi, Sioyeves HarpoKXees, olov

ovre deorrpomrjs Û7ra£o//.at, rjv1 riva ofSa, 50ovre rl poi Trap ZTJVO? eTTefipaSe Trorvia [j,rjrr)pf

aAAa TO§' alvbv aô? KpaoirjV Kal Ovftov LKavei,

OTTTTore 8rj2 TOV O/JLOLOV dvyp edeXrjcrw dfiepaat

Kal yepas a«/» dfaXzadai, o re Kpdre'i TrpofiefirjKr) •

alvov ax°s TO f101' earw', evret TrdQov d'Ayea $tyza>. 55Kovprjv rj apa JJLOI yepas eêAov vies '8ovpl 8' e/x,a) Krednacra, TIO\LV

rrjv aijt e«r xeipcov eXero Kpeitov '

'A.rpet8r)g (Ls et riv* drLfju^ro

aAAa ra //.ev Trporerv^dai edaofjiev • 01)8' a/aa TTO)? ^f 60

dcnT€p%es Ke%o\a)cr9ai evl (f>peaiv • rj roi e^>i]v ye

ov vrpiv (J,rivi6n,ov KaraTravaeêv, aAA' OTTOT' aV 817

vfjas e' tas1 a^t'/c^rat di/r^ re TTToXepos re.

rvvi] 8' wp,ouv [j,ev epd /cAvra reuêa Sy^t,

apê 8e Mu/aîtSoi'ecrat ^tAoTrroAeôtcri /j,d)(€odai, 65

€t Si] Kvdveov Tpa>a>v vefios dfM(piê^rjK€

vr]vaiv eTTiKparecos, ot Se pyy/juvi daXacrarjs

/c6/<Atarat, X^P^l5 oXiyrjv e"ri jj,oipav eftovres,'Apyetoi- Tpa)u)v Se TroAt? eVi Tracra j3e/3r]K€

6dpavvos' ov yap ep,rjs KopvOos Xevacrovat [j,era)7Tov 70eyyv9t, Xap.TTOfj.ei'rjs' rdâ Kev <j)evyovres eVauAou?

veKvojv, e'L p,oi, Kpeicov Âyaêpviov

vvv 8e orparov d[j,<f>Lfji,dxovr<u.

ov yap TuSet'Seaj Ato/ATjSeos' ev rraXdprjai,

fiaiverai eyîf] Aavawv drro Xoiyov dpvvai- 751 ??*/: ei' Aristarchus. 2 5rj: TLS Aristarchus.

168


to him swift-footed Achilles : " Ah me, Zeus-bornPatroclus, what a thing hast thou said ! Neitherreck I of any oracle, that I wot of, nor has myqueenly mother declared to me aught from Zeus;but herein dread grief cometh upon heart andsoul, whenso a man is minded to rob one that is hisequal, and take from him his prize, for that hesurpasseth him in power. Dread grief is this to me,seeing I have suffered woes at heart. The girl thatthe sons of the Achaeans chose out for me as a prize,and that I won with my spear, when I had laid wastea well-walled city, her hath lord Agamemnon takenback from my arms, this son of Atreus, as thoughI were some alien that had no rights. Howbeitthese things will we let be, as past and done. In nowise, meseems, was I to be filled with ceaseless wrathat heart; yet verily I deemed that I should notmake an end of mine anger, until the hour whenunto mine own ships should come the war-cry andthe battle. But come, do thou put upon thy shouldersmy glorious armour, and lead forth the war-lovingMyrmidons to the fight, if in good sooth the darkcloud of the Trojans hath encompassed the shipsmightily, and those others abide with naught tosupport them but the shore of the sea, having butscant space of land still left them, even the Argives;while the whole city of the Trojans hath come forthagainst them fearlessly, for they see not the front ofmy helm shining hard at hand ; full soon in their flightwould they fill the water-courses with their dead,were but lord Agamemnon of kindly mind toward me,whereas now they are warring around the camp. Fornot in the hands of Diomedes, son of Tydeus, doththe spear rage, to ward off ruin from the Danaans,

169

HOMER

ovSe rrca 'Ar/oefSecu OTTOS' e/cAt>ovdv8po(f)6voto

Tpcovl KtXzvovTos Trepidyvvrai, ol 8' dXaXrjrq)TTO.V TreStW Karexovai, fâ-XTJ viK&vres 'Aâtou?.dAAd Kal w?, HdrpoK\€, vecov OLTTO Xoiyov apvvojv 80e//.7reo"' eTTiKpareoos, fj,rj 8r/ Trvpos alOo[J,€voiovfjas evnrprjaaKJi, <f)i\ov S' OTTO voarov eXcovrai.•7T€t0€o S' a>s TOI eyo) [AvOov reAo? Iv cf>peal deico,a)S av [AOL nuty fj,eydAr}v Kal KvSos aprjai77/06? TrdvTcov Aavaatv, drap OL Trept/caAAea Kovprjv 85a^ aTTovdaawaw , TTOTI §' dyAaa 8a>pa Troputaiv.€K vyaJv eXdcras llvai TTO\W el 8e K€V av rot

KvSos dpzadai epiySoVTros WOOLS "Hpys,av y av€v6€v efjueio AtAatecrât TroAe/^têtv1

Tpajal ^tAoTTToAe/xoicriv • drtporepov Se /te drjoei?' 90rayaX\6jji€V05 TroAe/zo) /cat Srj'iorfJTi,e.vaip6[j,€vos, -nporl "IXiov

TI? (XTT* OvAu/zTroto 0€O)v aieifjidXa rovs ye <^tAet eKaepyos '

dAAa irdXw rpwrraodaL, eirr)V (j>dos eV Kêcrcrt 95QrfySt TOV? §' eV e'a TreStov /cdra Srjpidaadai.at yap, Zeu re ndrep Kal 'Adrjvair} Kal "ATroAAoc,4

ri? ow "Tpaxjov ddvarov (frvyoi, oacroi eaeri,TI$ 'Apyela)i>, van 8' e/cSuyueif oAe^pov,

' oto6 Tpoirjs tepd KptjSefJiva Xvwfjiev." 100roiavra npos dXXijXovs dyopevov,

1 Lines 89 f. were omitted by Zenodotus, who in 91 readsIJLT) av y' dyaX^bnevos.

2 rjyefj-ovfêiv : alirv Sieffdai Zenodotus.8 In the place of lines 93-96 Zenodotus read <r airo-

yvfj,i'(i}0fvTa ^d/3y Kopv0aio\os "E/crw/).4 Lines 97-100 were rejected by Zenodotus and Arist-

archus.170


neither as yet have I heard the voice of the son ofAtreus, shouting from his hated head ; nay, it isthe voice of man-slaying Hector that breaketh aboutme, as he calleth to the Trojans, and they with theirdin possess all the plain, and vanquish the Achaeansin battle. Yet even so, Patroclus, in warding de-struction from the ships fall thou upon them mightily,lest verily they burn the ships with blazing fire androb the Greeks of their desired return. Howbeit dothou hearken, that I may put in thy mind the sumof my counsel, to the end that thou mayest win megreat recompense and glory at the hands of all theDanaans, and that they send back that beauteous girl,and therewithal give glorious gifts. When thou hastdriven them from the ships, come back, and if theloud-thundering lord of Hera grant thee to winglory, be not thou fain apart from me to war againstthe war-loving Trojans: thou wilt lessen minehonour. Nor yet do thou, as thou exultest in warand conflict, and slayest the Trojans, lead on untoIlios, lest one of the gods that are for ever shallcome down from Olympus and enter the fray ; rightdearly doth Apollo, that worketh afar, love them.Nay, return thou back, when once thou hast set alight of deliverance amid the ships, and suffer therest to battle over the plain. For I would, O fatherZeus, and Athene, and Apollo, that no man of theTrojans might escape death, of all that there are,neither any of the Argives, but that we twain mightescape destruction, that alone we might loose thesacred diadem of Troy."

On this wise spake they one to the other, but171

HOMER

Aias 8' ovKer' e/xt^tve' /?ia£ero yap jSeAe'ecrcrt •Saliva /u^ ZT^VOS" T€ yoo? Kat TpcDe? ayavolfidXXovres ' oewr/v Se Trept Kpordcfroicri <f>aewr]TTijX^ paXXofjievr] Kava^rjv e' e, /JaAAero 8' aiet 105Ka-77 <f>dAap' evTToirjO' • o S' dpLarepov

ov atei' e^cov era/cos1 aloXov o?5S'aura) TreAeyut'ât epeiSovres

atet 8' a/oyaAe'a) e' er' dadfiart, /caS Se ot I8pa)sTrdvrodev e/c fêXeoJv rroXvs eppeev, oySe TT^ etê^ 110

, • TrdvTr) Se Aca/cot' /ca/ca)vvv J,QI, Mo£»crai

OTTTTOJS 8r) TTpWTOV TTVp €fl7T€a€ V^Valv 'A%aiO)V.

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' avTo>$ ev X€Lpi xoXov 86pv, TTÂe 8' a?/ ayrou3r]cr6 Trecrovcra.

yvu) 8' Ataj /card dvpov dfjivfjuova, piyrjaev re,epya dewv, o pa 'na.yyy pd^S eVt ft^Sea Keipe 120Zeus vi/JifipepeTrjs, Tpd>€ocn, Se fiovXero viKrjv

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172


Aias no longer abode, for he was sore beset withdarts ; the will of Zeus was overmastering him, andthe lordly Trojans with their missiles; and terribly didthe bright helm about his temples ring continually,as it was smitten, for smitten it ever was upon thewell-wrought cheek-pieces, and his left shoulder grewweary as he ever firmly held his flashing shield; normight they beat it back about him, for all theypressed him hard with darts. And evermore was hedistressed by laboured breathing, and down from hislimbs on every side abundant sweat kept streaming,nor had he any wise respite to get his breath withal,but every way evil was heaped upon evil.

Tell me now, ye Muses, that have dwellings onOlympus, how fire was first flung upon the ships ofthe Achaeans.

It was Hector that drew nigh to Aias and smote hisashen spear with his great sword hard by the socket,at the base of the point, and shore it clean away, sothat Telamonian Aias brandished all vainly a point-less spear, and far from him the head of bronze fellringing to the ground. And Aias knew in hisnoble heart, and shuddered at the deeds of the gods,how that Zeus, who thundereth on high, broughtutterly to naught the counsels of his battle, andwould have victory for the Trojans. Then he gaveground from out the darts; and the Trojanscast upon the swift ship unwearied fire, and overher forthwith streamed a flame that might not bequenched.

So then was the ship's stern wreathed about withfire, but Achilles smote both his thighs and spake toPatroclus : " Up now, Zeus-born Patroclus, masterof horsemen. Lo, I see by the ships the rush of

173

HOMER

fj,r) 817 vfjas e'Acocrt /cat ov/ceVtSuereo retried Qaaaov, eyd) 8e /ce Xaov dyeipu)."

(f)dro, Harpo/cAos' Se Kopvaaero vcbpom). 130fj,ev Tr/ocDra Trept Kvr\^r\a(,v edrjxe

/caAa?, apyvpeoiaiv €Tria(f)vpiois dpapvlas'av 6a>prjKa irepi arrjOâcnv £8vvedorepoevra 7roSu)K€os Ata/ct8ao.ap' wôiaiv ^SaAero £i(/>os dpyvporjXov 135

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ei'Aero 8' d'A/ct/za Sovpe, rd oi TraAdfAiqcfiLv dptfpei.^' OJ^X ^€T' °'OI/ dfj,vp,ovos Ata/ctSao,1 140yiteya anfiapov TO p^kv ov Swar' d'AAo?

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nÂiof e'/c Kopvfifjs, (f)6vov €fjL/j,6vat rjpcbeacriv.ITTTCOVS 8' Avrofjueoovra 6ou>s êvyvvfjiev avcuye, 145TOV /xer' 'A^tAAâ pirjîjvopa rte /.taAtara,Tnaroraros oe ol e'cr/ce /xa^ eVt //.eivat OyU,oicA^.TO> 8e /cat AvTOfj,eoa>v vrraye £,vyov ci/cea? LTTTTOI/S,"ELduBov Kai BaAi'ov, TCO a/â Trvoifjai TTerecrdrjv,TOVS €T€K€ Zi€(f>vp(o dve^no) "ApTTvia TIo8dpyr], 150/3oaKO[ji€vr) Xei/jitovi, rrapd poov 'Q/ceavoto.ev 8e TTaprioplyaiv dfj,vp,ova Hijoaaov Let.,TOV pd TTOT' 'Hertcovos' eAcov TrdAtv rjyay* 'A^tAAei;?,o? /cat Bv-rjros €wv eVe^' tTTTrots1 ddavdroiat,.

MvpfjuSovas 8' a/)' €7TOL^6fjievos 6a>pr)£ev 'A^tAAeus 1551 Lines 140-144 were rejected by Zenodotus,

2 irfy>

174


consuming fire. Let it not be that they take theships and there be no more escaping ! Do on myarmour with all haste, and I will gather the host."

So spake he, and Patroclus arrayed him in gleamingbronze. The greaves first he set about his legs ;beautiful they were, and fitted with silver ankle-pieces ; next he did on about his chest the corseletof the swift-footed son of Aeacus, richly-wrought, andspangled with stars. And about his shoulders he castthe silver-studded sword of bronze, and thereafter theshield, great and sturdy ; and upon his mighty headhe set the well-wrought helmet with horse-hair crest,and terribly did the plume nod from above ; and hetook two valorous spears, that fitted his grasp. Onlythe spear of the peerless son of Aeacus he took not,the spear heavy and huge and strong ; this noneother of the Achaeans could wield, but Achilles alonewas skilled to wield it, even the Pelian spear of ash,that Cheiron had given to his dear father from thepeak of Pelion, to be for the slaying of warriors.And the horses he bade Automedon yoke speedily,even him that he honoured most after Achilles,breaker of the ranks of men, and that in his eyes wasfaithful above all to abide his call in battle. At hisbidding then Automedon led beneath the yoke thefleet horses, Xanthus and Balius, that flew swift as thewinds, horses that the Harpy Podarge conceived tothe West Wind, as she grazed on the meadow besidethe stream of Oceanus. And in the side-traces heset the goodly Pedasus that on a time Achilles hadbrought away, when he took the city of Eetion ;and he, being but mortal, kept pace with immortalsteeds.

But Achilles went to and fro throughout the huts

175

HOMER

dva /cAtcria? ovv revêaiv ol Se XVKOL a>$rolalv re Trepi (frpealv acrTrero?

ot T' €\a(f>ov Kepaov peyav ovpecrt,TTciaiv Se iraprjiov alâ-r

taatv CXTTO Kpijvrjs fjieXavvBpov 160yXwocrrjOW apaiffoiv /xeAav' vBtop

, epenyd/ievoi (f>6i>ov aiâros' eV 8e rev arpo/ios1 ecm, TrepiareveTai, Se re

V rjyiJTOpes r)Se yue'Sovres1

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orpwcuv ITTTTOU? re /cat avepas dcr7nSia»Ta?.riefT^Kiovr' i^crav vvyes1 ôai, ijcrij/ '

e? Tpoiyv i^yeiro 8u'0iAo?' ey 8eTret'T^Kot'T' ecrat1 avSpe? CTTI KX^'iaiv eralpot,- 170nevre 8' ap' ^yeôâs1 TrotT^craTo rot? eVeTroiêtariiJLaivw CLVTOS Se p:eya Kpareaiv rjvaaae.rry? jLtev try? crrtô? ^X6 Mep-etT^to? atoAoôSprj^-,ut'o? STTeppêtoto, SttTrereo? TrorajLtoio,o^ re/ce IlTjAô? Ov/drr/p, KaXrj rioAySajpry, 175STrepêtoj d/cd/zavTi, yuvjy êa) evvydelaa,avrdp eTTLKXrjcnv Bajpa), nept^peo? ua,o? p' dvaffravSov OTTVIZ, TTOpwv aTzepeicrta e'St-a.T7y? 8' treprjs EuSajpo? dp-î'os' yyepoveve,TTapdevios, rov TIKTC x°PV Ka-^l TloXv^Xr], 180

dvydrrjp' Trjs 8e Kparvs 'A.py€i(/)6vTr)$^daXôlaLv I'Saw /zera

ev X°PV 'Apre/uSo? XPvar)âK(*r

auri/ca 8' etV WTrepa)' dvafias TrapeAeâro Xddprj1 Line 183 was rejected by Aristarchus.

176


and let harness in their armour all the Myrmidons,and they rushed forth like ravening wolves in whosehearts is fury unspeakable—wolves that have slainin the hills a great horned stag, and rend him, andthe j aws of all are red with gore ; and in a pack theygo to lap with their slender tongues the surface ofthe black water from a dusky spring, belching forththe while blood and gore, the heart in their breastsunflinching, and their bellies gorged full; even insuch wise the leaders and rulers of the Myrmidonssped forth round about the valiant squire of theswift-footed son of Aeacus. And among them allstood warlike Achilles, urging on both horses andmen that bear the shield.

Fifty were the swift ships which Achilles, dear toZeus, led to Troy, and in each ship at the thole-pinswere fifty men, his comrades ; and five leaders hadhe appointed in whom he trusted to give command,and himself in his great might was king over all.The one rank was led by Menesthius of the flashingcorselet, son of Spercheius, the heaven-fed river.Him did fair Polydora, daughter of Peleus, bear totireless Spercheius, a woman couched with a god,but in name she bare him to Borus, son of Perieres,who openly wedded her, when he had given gifts ofwooing past counting. And of the next companywarlike Eudorus was captain, the son of a girl unwed,and him did Polymele, fair in the dance, daughterof Phylas, bear. Of her the strong Argei'phontesbecame enamoured, when his eyes had sight of heramid the singing maidens, in the dancing-floor ofArtemis, huntress of the golden arrows and theechoing chase. Forthwith then he went up into herupper chamber, and lay with her secretly, even

VOL. H N 177

HOMER

'Epp,eia? a/ca/o^Ta, Trdpev Se ol ay\aov viov 185Eu8a>pOJ>, 776/31 /Uey d€L€LV TCL^VV T^Se jLta^TTJ^.

avrdp CTTCI 819 rdy ye /Aoyoord/cos' Et'Aei#uiaeâyaye Trpo <£da>crSe /ecu rj€\iov t'Sev auya?,

'Eê/cAô? Kparepov pevos 'A/cropt'SaoTrpo? Sco/âr', eTrei 770/06 pvpia e'Sra, 190

TOV 8' o ye'pcov OuAa? eu €Tpe(f>ev 178' drtTaAAei',a[ji<f)aya7Ta£,6fji€Vo$ a>s et 0' eof uioi/ edi/ra.

8e TPLTTJS YieiaavSpos ap^t'o?o? 7raa6 fjuereTrp^Tr

t [j,dpvaadai jLtera HÂe'tajvo? eralpov. 195T^? 8e rerapTTj? ^/oê yepcov tTTTTÂaraTTe/iTrrrys' 8' 'AA/ajneSajv, Aaep/ceo? fto?avrap errel Sr) irdvras a/*' ^ye/idvecrowarfjaev ev Kpivas, Kparepov 8' CTTI fJivdov ereAAe-" MupjMtSdves1, /^ TI? )Ltot avreiAaa)^ AeAa0ecr$ci>, 200 ia? eTTt vrjv&i dofjcriv aTretAetre Tpcoecrcrtiraivd' VTTO ^vidpov, /cat /x' ^Ttaacrê1 eWoros"' crêVAie IlÂeo? ute, ^dAai apa a' erpeêvrjXees, os rrapa vqvalv e' et? deKovras eraoL'/ca8e Trep crw vrjval vec6/xeâ Trovro-nopoiaiv 205auTt?, eVet p'a roi cSSe KaKos ^dAos1 e/Z7recre 0V[j,a).'ravrd ayetpd/xevot âp;' e/3aêre • vuv Se 7T€(/)avTai(j)vXo7TL$os p*€ya epyov, e^s TO TrptV y' epdaade.ei>6a TL$ a\KLjjiov rjrop H%tt)v Tpcoeom naêcrdco."

orpvve fj,€vos Kal dvpov e/caaToy. 210

x' rjrtdacrê: ij.rjTia.aa'6>e Zenodotus.

1 In d/caKijra we have again, as so often in epithets appliedto the gods, a word of wholly unknown meaning. Thelater Greeks regarded it as connected either with cUa/cos orwith aKe<<70ai.178


Hermes the helper,1 and she gave him a goodly son,Eudorus, pre-eminent in speed of foot and as awarrior. But when at length Eileithyia, goddessof child-birth, had brought him to the light, and hesaw the rays of the sun, then her did the stalwartand mighty Echecles, son of Actor, lead to his home,when he had given countless gifts of wooing, andEudorus did old Phylas nurse and cherish tenderly,loving him dearly, as he had been his own son. Andof the third company warlike Peisander was captain,son of Maemalus, a man pre-eminent among allthe Myrmidons in fighting with the spear, afterthe comrade of the son of Peleus. And the fourthcompany did the old knight Phoenix lead, and thefifth Alcimedon, the peerless son of Laerces. Butwhen at length Achilles had set them all in arraywith their leaders, duly parting company from com-pany, he laid upon them a stern command :

" Myrmidons, let no man, I bid you, be forgetfulof the threats, wherewith beside the swift ships yethreatened the Trojans throughout all the time ofmy wrath, and upbraided me, each man of you, say-ing : ' Cruel son of Peleus, surely it was on gall thatthy mother reared thee, thou pitiless one, seeing thatin their own despite thou boldest back thy comradesbeside the ships. Nay, homeward let us return againwith our seafaring ships, since in this wise evil wrathhath fallen upon thy heart.' With such words wouldye ofttimes gather together and prate at me, butnow is set before you a great work of war, whereofin time past ye were enamoured. Therefore let itbe with valiant heart that each man fights with theTrojans."

So saying, he aroused the strength and spirit of

179

HOMER

[JiaXXov Se crriês1 apOev, eVei jSacriAô? a/couaav.8' ore roiôv av^p dpdpr} irvKivolai Xidoiai

wi/n-jAoio, jSta? ave/xcov dAeetvcov,dpapov Kopvde? re /cat domSe? d/iâAoeacrai.

derm? ap' dcrm'S' epetSe, Kopvs Kopvv, dvepa 8' ay?jp • 215ifiavov 8' ITTTTOKOÔL xopvdes Aa/XTrpotcrt ^ctAoicri

co? TTU/cvot e<f)ecrTaaav ciAATJAotcri.8e TTpoirdpoiQe 8u' avepe Ocoprjaaovro ,

Te /cat Auro/zeScuv, eVa 6vp,ov eôvre?,TrpoaOev Mupp;i8ovct)V7roAe/Jtt^6p:ei'. avrap 'A^tAAeu? 220jS^ p' (fiev e? K\iaif]v} Âou 8' O/TTO Trcop,' di/ectiyeKaXfjs SatSaAe^?, TTJV ot ©erts1

OfJK* eTTt VTÔ? ctyecrât,1 eu TrATjcTacraxXaLvdojv r' dvepoaKeireajv ovXatv re€v6a Se ot SeVa? ecrwie rervy/jievov, ov8e rt? aAAo? 225Ol»V dvSpcDt' TTLV€CtK€V CITT* ttJJTOU dWoTTd OiVOV ', ',

OVT€ real (TTreVSecTAce de&v, ore //.i) AitTO p'a TOT' e/c ^TjAoto Xaflcbv e/cd^peTrpcuToi/, eVetTa 8' evt</r' i;8aTO? KaXfjai pof)ai,viifjaTo 8' auTo? êtpa?, a<f)vcraaro 8' aWoTra olvov. 230eêT5 eTTetTa erra? ^crco ep/cet, Aet^Se 8e otvovovpavov etcravtScuv Ata 8' 01) XdOe TepTTLKepavvov.

Zef5 ai'a, AcoScuvate,2 ITeAaayt/ce, rrjXodi vatcov,Ao)8ajvi7? p:e8e'a)v SucTêtjue'poy3 d^(f>l 8e SeAAot4

crot vatoua' UTro^Tat dvtTTTOTToSe? âp,atewat. 2358^ TTOT' ep,6f em?? e/cAue?

t'o^rt Zenodotus and Aristophanes.Suvcue : ^^wi/aie Zenodotus.

. iro\VTri5a.Kos Zenodotus.4 2eX\oi: <r' 'EXXot.

1 These phrases are to be understood as indicating thata special sanctity attached to the Selli, religious conservatism180


every man, and yet closer were their ranks serriedwhen they heard their king. And as when a manbuildeth the wall of a high house with close-setstones, to avoid the might of the winds, even so closewere arrayed their helms and bossed shields; bucklerpressed on buckler, helm upon helm, and man onman. The horse-hair crests on the bright helmet-ridges touched each other, as the men moved theirheads, in such close array stood they one by another.And in the front of all two warriors arrayed themselvesfor war, even Patroclus and Automedon, both of onemind, to war in the forefront of the Myrmidons.But Achilles went into his hut, and opened the lidof a chest, fair and richly-dight, that silver-footedThetis had set on his ship for him to carry with him,when she had filled it well with tunics, and cloaksto keep off the wind, and woollen rugs. Therein hadhe a fair-fashioned cup, wherefrom neither was anyother man wont to drink the flaming wine, nor washe wont to pour drink offerings to any other of thegods save only to father Zeus. This cup he then tookfrom the chest and cleansed it first with sulphur, andthereafter washed it in fair streams of water ; andhimself he washed his hands, and drew flamingwine. Then he made prayer, standing in the midstof the court, and poured forth the wine, looking upto heaven; and not unmarked was he of Zeus,that hurleth the thunderbolt: " Zeus, thou king,Dodonaean, Pelasgian, thou that dwellest afar, rulingover wintry Dodona,—and about thee dwell the Selli,thine interpreters, men with unwashen feet thatcouch on the ground.1 Aforetime verily thou didst

perpetuating in their case the habits of a far-off barbarouspast.

181

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W Cjne, /xeya 8' ti/rao Xaov '> £ » >/ \ ~ /£

770 6T6 /cat vvv JJ.OL TOOavros fJ-ev yap eycb /xeveco y^c^ ei> ayavt,aAA' erapov Tre/mco noXeaiv /u-era My/a/AtSdrecrort 240fjidpvaadai' rto KvSos ap,a Trpde?, evpvorra Zeu,ddpavvov Se ot T^TO/) evt 0/jeatV, o^pa /cat "E/crcopel'crerai ' pa /cat oto? eVtcrT^Tat TroAe/xtêtvr)[j,6T€pos OepaTroJV, rj ot rdre êtpe? aaTrrotfj,aivov6' , OTTTTOT* eyco Trep tco /Aera /x,a>Aov "Aprôs1. 245avrap eTret AC' avro vavfa /za^Tjv evonrfv re StTjrat,

rjS pot eVetTa ôa? eTTt VTâs1 t/cotrore £vv Tracrt /cat dyê/iaôis' Irdpoiaiv."

e</>aT' €v%6fji€vos, TOV o' e/cAue n^riera Zeu?.TO) S' erepov ^kv ScD/ce Trarrjp, erepov §' dvevevae- 250vi7coi> /iteV ot dirwaaadcn, TroXefjiov re /ia^rp T€ScD/ce, crdoi' 8' dvevcvare p^dx^S e£ drroveecrOai.

TH rot d /xev aireiaas re /cat ev^dpevos Att rrarpldtfi K\iair)v etcrÂê, Serra? 8' a.7re^7j/c' et't Âa),<TT77 8e Trapotfl' eXdwv /cAtcrt^s", ert 8' ijdeXe ,9vp,a) 255etcrtSeeti/ Tpajcuv' /cat 'AâtaJv tf>vXo7nv alvijv.

Ot 8' ajita IlaTpd/cAa; jLteyaA^ropt 9a>pr)xdevresecmxov, o^p* ev Tpajcrt /zeya (frpoveovres opovaav.ai5rt/ca Se crfpiJKeacriv eoiKores eêêovroetvoStots", ou? TratSe? e/atS/zatvctxriv edovres, 260atet Kepro/jbeovres, oSa) eVt ot/ct' eôvras1,2

£vvov 8e KO.KOV TroAeecrcri riQeloi.

1 Line 237 was rejected by Zenodotus, Aristophanes, andAristarchus.

* Line 261 was rejected by Aristophanes and Aristarchus.

1 Or tdovres may be taken as £0wp in ix. 570, " beset andstir to wrath."182


hear my word, when I prayed : me thou didst honour,and didst mightily smite the host of the Achaeans ;even so now also fulfil thou for me this my desire.Myself verily will I abide in the gathering of theships, but my comrade am I sending forth amid thehost of the Myrmidons to war: with him do thousend forth glory, O Zeus, whose voice is borne afar,and make bold the heart in his breast, to the endthat Hector, too, may know whether even alone mysquire hath skill to fight, or whether his hands thenonly rage invincible, whenso I enter the turmoil ofAres. But when away from the ships he hath drivenwar and the din of war, then all-unscathed let himcome back to the swift ships with all his arms, andhis comrades that fight in close combat."

So spake he in prayer, and Zeus, the counsellor,heard him, and a part the Father granted him, anda part denied. That Patroclus should thrust backthe war and battle from the ships he granted ; butthat he should return safe from out the battle hedenied.

Achilles then, when he had poured libation andmade prayer to father Zeus, went again into his tent,,and laid the cup away in the chest, and cameforth and stood in front of the hut; for still hisheart was fain to look upon the dread conflict ofTrojans and Achaeans.

But they that were arrayed together with great-hearted Patroclus marched forth, until with highspirits they leapt upon the Trojans. Straightwaythey poured forth like wasps of the wayside, thatboys are wont to stir1 to wrath, ever tormenting themin their nests beside the way, foolish that they are;and a common evil they make for many. And the

183

HOMER

rovs 8' et TT€p Trapd rt? re KIOJV avOpairros oSiKtvrjcrr] deKcov, ol 8' aA/ci/xoi/ iyrop eôvre?Trpoaaa) TTO.S Trererat /cat a/zwet ofcrt reVcecrat. 265TOJV Tore Mup/itScWs' KpaSfyv /cat dvpov eôvre?

e' eovrcr ^801) 8' acr/Becrros optbpeL.8' erdpoicriv eAre/cAero paKpov dvcra?'

erapoi nÂ^taSea) 'A^tATyo?,eore, <j)i\oi, fjivrjoacrde Se Oovpôs dXKrjs, 270

to? av Il?jAei8^v TLfMTJaopêv, o? fte'y' apiaros'Apyetwv 7ra/>a vrjvgl /cat ayê/zaôiyva> 8e /cat 'Arpet'S^? ezipu Kpeltavrjv arTjv, o r' apiarov 'Aâ

nQ? elTTOJv or/owe /AeVo? /cat dvpov e/cacrrou, 275eV Se Treaov Tpcbeacnv doAAe'es" d/j,<f)i 8e

Aeov Kovdfirjaav avadvraiv UTT' '8' w? et'Soi'ro Mevotriou aA/ctû.ot' utov,

/cat depaTTovra, avv eVrecrt /iap^tatpo^ra?,•ndoiv opLvQif] dvfjios, €Kivrjdev Se <âAayye?, 280

Trapa. vavfa TroSco/cea nÂetcova[lev dTropplijJai, <f)i\6rif]Ta 8' eXeSe e/caaro? OTT^ fyvyot, O.LTTVV o

Ilar/)OAcAo? 8e irpatTos d/coVricre SouptdvTiKpv Kara peacrov, 661, TrAeio-rot tcXoveovro, 2851/771 Trdpa TTpvîvfj /xeyaû/xo/cat ^8aAe Ylvpai^r^v, os Ilatova? tT

rov /3d\€ Se^toy c5/u,ov o 8' VTTTLOS eV, erapot Se /xii/ a/x,^t (f>6^r]dev 290


wasps, if so be some wayfaring man as he passethby rouse them unwittingly, fly forth one and all inthe valour of their hearts, and fight each in defenceof his young; having a heart and spirit like theirsthe Myrmidons then poured forth from the ships,and a cry unquenchable arose. But Patroclus calledto his comrades with a loud shout: "Myrmidons,ye comrades of Achilles, son of Peleus, be men, myfriends, and bethink you of furious valour, to the endthat we may win honour for the son of Peleus, that

.is far the best of the Argives by the ships, himselfand his squires that fight in close combat; and thatthe son of Atreus, wide-ruling Agamemnon, mayknow his blindness in that he honoured not at allthe best of the Achaeans."

So saying, he roused the strength and spirit of everyman, and on the Trojans they fell all in a throng,and round about them the ships echoed wondrouslybeneath the shouting of the Achaeans. But whenthe Trojans saw the valiant son of Menoetius, himselfand his squire, shining in their armour, the heartof each man was stirred, and their battalions wereshaken, for they deemed that by the ships the swift-footed son of Peleus had cast aside his wrath and hadchosen friendliness ; and each man gazed about tosee how he might escape utter destruction.

Then Patroclus was first to cast with his brightspear straight into the midst where men throngedthe thickest, even by the stern of the ship of great-souled Protesilaus, and smote Pyraechmes, that hadled the Paeonians, lords of chariots, out of Amydon,from the wide-flowing Axius. Him he smote on theright shoulder, and backward in the dust he fell witha groan, and about him his comrades were driven in

185

HOMER

eV yap TldrpoKXos (f)6/3oi> rfKev arracnvKretVa?, o$ dptoreuecr/ce âêaât.

€K vrjojv 8' eXaaev, Kara 8' 6o/3e0€v aWo^vov nvp.r]fj,i$ar]s 8' dpa vrjvs AiTrer' avrodi • rol Se <f)6/3r)6evTpaies 6eaTT€cria) 6^d8a) • Aavaoi S' €TT€^VVTO 295yâ? ava yAa^ypas" o/zaSo? 8' aAtaaTo? erv^drj.cos 8' 6V a0' vi/jfjXrjs Kopv<j)rjs opeo? jiteyaAotoKWTJarj TTVKivrjV V€(j)€Ar)i> aTepoTT^yepera Zevs,€K T' €<f)avev Tracrai aKortial Kai rrpaioves a/cpot/cat vdrrai, ovpavoOev S' d'yo' VTreppdyr) acnreTOS aWrjp, 300cSj Aat'aot VT^cTw //,ev drrcocrdfjievoi SîbvTvrOov avzTTvevaav , TroXepov 8* o?5 ytyver'ov yap 77a> rt Tpcoes1 aprfC^LXcov VTT' '7TpoTpO7rd8r)V (frofieovro fj,€\awda)v O.TTO vrj&v,dAA' er' ap' avdiaravro, vecDv 8' U77oet/coj/ dvay/c^. 305

8' di^p e'Aei dVSpa KeSacrêtcr^s1 va/j-ivr^sos 8e Mevotrtov a\Kifj,os vlos

' apa arpe^QevTOS 'Aprj'iXvKov /3dXe fj.'rjpovo£vo€VTi, SiaTrpo Se âAftrot' e'Aaacre •8' oareov eyô?, o 8^ Trpvjvrjs €TTL yaLy 310

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dv0pa)7Tov Tre'Aerat • Trept 8' e'yêo? oti^ry 315vevpa Siecrîcr^' TOP' 8e CT/COTOS ocrae KaXvifte.

3' o /iev' oyVaa' 'Arvfjuviov dê'C Soupl

186


rout, even the Paeonians, for upon them all hadPatroclus sent panic, when he slew their leader thatwas pre-eminent in fight. From out the ships thenhe drave them, and quenched the blazing fire. Andhalf-burnt the ship was left there, but the Trojanswere driven in rout with a wondrous din, and theDanaans poured in among the hollow ships, and aceaseless din arose. And as when from the highcrest of a great mountain Zeus, that gathereth thelightnings, moveth a dense cloud away, and forth to

.view appear all mountain peaks, and high headlands,and glades, and from heavenbreaketh open the infiniteair ; even so the Danaans, when they had thrustback from the ships consuming fire, had respite fora little time; howbeit there was no ceasing fromwar. For not yet were the Trojans driven in head-long rout by the Achaeans, dear to Ares, from theblack ships, but still they sought to withstand them,and gave ground from the ships perforce.

Then man slew man of the chieftains as the fightwas scattered. First the valiant son of Menoetiussmote the thigh of Areilycus with a cast of his sharpspear at the moment when he turned to flee, and dravethe bronze clean through ; and the spear brake thebone, and he fell on his face on the ground. Andwarlike Menelaus thrust and smote Thoas on thebreast, where it was left bare beside the shield, andloosed his limbs. And the son of Phyleus as hewatched Amphiclus that was rushing upon him,proved quicker than his foe, and smote him upon thebase of the leg, where a man's muscle is thickest;and round about the spear-point the sinews wererent apart; and darkness enfolded his eyes. Then ofthe sons of Nestor, the one, Antilochus, thrust at

187

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, XaTrdprjs Se SiÂacre ^d\Keov

T]pt7T€ Se rrporrdpoide. Mapis S' auroaêSa Sou/n

'Ai/TiAo^w enopovoe Kacnyvrjroio ôXcodeis, 320

crras1 rrpoaQev veKvos- TOU S' dvrideos ®paavfji^8r]s

€cj)dTf] opeâ/ievo? Trptv ovTaaai, ouS' acf)d(jiapT€V,

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O770 fjLviavcov, o,7To §' ocrWov o-xpis apaê •

Se Treocuv, Kara 8e cr/coro? ocrcre K(iXvi(i€V. 325

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Se KAeo^SouAot' 'Oi'AiaS^s1 CTropovcras 330e'Ae, j6Aa<^$eVra Kara /cAdvov • aAAa ot au^t

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•nav 8* VTredepfAavdr] £i<f>o$ alîari- rov 8e Kar' ocrae

e'AAa^Se Tropfivpeos Bavaros /ecu ôlpa, Kparaiij.

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188


Atymnius with his sharp spear, and drave the spearof bronze through his flank ; and he fell forward.But Maris, hard at hand, rushed upon Antilochuswith his spear, wroth for his brother's sake, and tookhis stand before the dead; howbeit godlikeThrasymedes was too quick for him, and forthwithere his foe could thrust, smote upon his shoulder,and missed not ; but the point of the spear shorethe base of the arm away from the muscles, andutterly brake asunder the bone ; and he fell with athud, and darkness enfolded his eyes. So thesetwain, overcome by twain brethren, went their wayto Erebus, goodly comrades of Sarpedon, spearmensons of Amisodarus, him that reared the ragingChimaera, a bane to many men. And Aias, son ofO'ileus, leapt upon Cleobulus, and caught him alive,entangled in the throng ; but even there he loosed hismight, smiting him upon the neck with his hiltedsword. Thereat all the blade grew warm with hisblood, and down over his eyes came dark death andmighty fate. Then Peneleos and Lyco rushed to-gether, for with their spears either had missed theother, and both had cast in vain ; but again theyrushed together with their swords. Then Lyco letdrive upon the horn of the helm with horse-hair crest,and the sword was shattered at the hilt; butPeneleos smote him upon the neck beneath the ear,and all the blade sank in, so that naught but theskin held fast, and the head hung to one side, andhis limbs were loosed. And Meriones with swiftstrides overtook Acamas, and thrust and smote him.even as he was mounting his car, upon the rightshoulder; and he fell from his car and down overhis eyes a mist was shed. Then Idomeneus smote

189

HOMER

8' 'EpvfjiavTa Kara crro/xa vyXe'i â\Ka> 345vv%€' TO 8* dvriKpv Sopv âA/ceof e'êTre'/o^crevepdev UTT' ey/ce<âAoio, /ce'aorcre S' ap' ocrrea Aey/ax'e/c Se rivaxQev ooovres, everrXifjadev Se ot a/xâ>ai'/iaros1 o<f)daXfj,oi • TO S' ava crTo/ia /cat /caTa pivasTTpfjae xavcbv 6a.va.rov Se (j,4Aav vefios dfj,(f)€KdXvifj€V. 350

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aWepos e«r Si' ?, ore Te Zewj XaiXana reivy, 365oj? Tait' e/c i^cay yeVeTO ta^Tj TC fioôs re,ovoe Kara polpav nlpaov TrdXiv. "E/CTOpa S' tTTTrot€K(j>€pov J)KVTrooe$ ovv TeJêcrt, AetTre Se AaovT/ocot/cov, oy? dexovras opVKrr) rdfipo? epvKe.TroAAot S' ev rdfipa) epvadpfj.ar€S d)Kee$ ITTTTOI 370a£avr* ev rrpatra) pvfjba> Xirrov app.ar' dva190


Erymas upon the mouth with a thrust of the pitilessbronze, and clean through passed the spear of bronzebeneath the brain, and clave asunder the whitebones ; and his teeth were shaken out, and both hiseyes were filled with blood ; and up through mouthand nostrils he spurted blood as he gaped, and ablack cloud of death enfolded him.

These, then, leaders of the Danaans, slew each hisman. And as murderous wolves fall upon lambs orkids, choosing them from out the flocks, when throughthe witlessness of the shepherd they are scatteredamong the mountains, and the wolves seeing it, forth-with harry the young whose hearts know naught ofvalour ; even so the Danaans fell upon the Trojans,and they bethought them of ill-sounding flight, andforgat their furious valour.

And the great Aias was ever fain to cast his spearat Hector, harnessed in bronze, but he in his cunningof war, his broad shoulders covered with shield ofbull's-hide, ever watched the whirring of arrows andthe hurtling of spears. In sooth he knew the tide ofvictory was turning, but even so he abode, andsought to save his trusty comrades.

And as when from Olympus a cloud fareth towardheaven out of the bright air, when Zeus spreadethforth the tempest, even so from the ships camethe shouting and the rout of these ; nor was itin good order that they crossed the trench again.Hector verily did his swift-footed horses bear forthwith his battle-gear, and he left the hosts of Troy,whom the digged trench held back against their will.And in the trench many pairs of swift horses, drawersof chariots, brake the pole at the end, and left thechariots of their lords. But Patroclus followed after,

191

HOMER

Tla.TpoK\os 8' evrero cr^>e8avov Aaraoicrt

Tpcuat KO.KO. (frpovewv ol Se iax?7 Te <ô/3aj Te

Tracras" TrXfjoav dSou?., eVei a/) Tpdyev vijji 8' deXXrj

OKlSvad* U770 V6(f>6(Jl)V, TCLVVOVTO 8e jJLOiVV^'S 17T7TOI 375

aifioppov Trporl aarv veaiv CLTTO KO.L /cAtoricxcov.

rTctTpoAcAos1 8' T) TrAetarov opivo^vov t'Se Aaov,T?7 P* fx' o/ô/cAâa?' Z^TTO 8' aôcri âjre? GTTLTTTOV

oceans, St^pot 8' avaKVfJiâXiaôv.

v 8' apa T(i(f)pov VTrepdopov cu/ce'e? tTTTrot 380

ou? nrjA^f êoi Soaai/ ayAaa Scopa,1

le^voi, eVt 8' "E/cropt Ace/cAero 6v[j,6s'

"era yap /Saheew rov 8' €K(f>epov d>Kees ITTTTOI.

<!)$ 8' WTTO XaiXam Tracra KeXawr] ê/3pL0€ X@^v

' oTTcopivw, ore Xaftporarov êet u'Sa»/3 385

ore ST) p" avSpecrcri /corecrcra/xevos'

ot f3ir) €iv dyopfj aKoXias Kpivaxji

€K oe SiKiqv eAaacocri, êcDt' OTTII/ ou/c

rail/ Se re TTOLVTCS /xev TTorajitoi TrXrjdovcri peovres,

TroAAd? 8e /cAtTU? TOT' aTTOT/A^yofcri âpdSpat, 390

€$• 8' aAa TTOp^yperji/ jtieydAa arevdxovaL peovaai

€% opeaiv em /cap, fJuvvQti 8e Te epy' dvOpwircov

aj? LTTTTOL Tpajat /zeydAtt crrevdxovTo deovaai.

HdrpoKrAo? 8'eTret ow TrpcuTa? CTreKepaeâAayyas1,

a^r 677t VTâs1 eepye vraAt/iTreTe'?, oj)8e TroAôs 395

ei'a Ufjievovs eTTL[3aiV€iJ,ev, cxAAa

/cal TTorafJiov Kal Tet'êo?1 Line 381 is omitted in most MSS.


calling fiercely to the Danaans, with purpose of eviltoward the Trojans, while they with shouting andin flight filled all the ways, now that their rankswere broken ; and on high a cloud of dust wasspread up beneath the clouds, and the single-hoofedhorses strained back toward the city from the shipsand the huts. And Patroclus, wheresoever he sawthe greatest throng huddled in rout, thither wouldhe drive with shouting ; and beneath his axle-treesmen kept falling headlong from their cars, and thechariots were overturned. And straight over thetrench leapt the swift horses—the immortal horsesthat the gods gave as glorious gifts to Peleus—intheir onward flight, and against Hector did the heartof Patroclus urge him on, for he was fain to smitehim ; but his swift horses ever bare Hector forth.And even as beneath a tempest the whole blackearth is oppressed, on a day in harvest-time, whenZeus poureth forth rain most violently, whenso inanger he waxeth wroth against men that by violencegive crooked judgments in the place of gathering, anddrive justice out, recking not of the vengeance ofthe gods; and all their rivers flow in flood, and manya hillside do the torrents furrow deeply, and downto the dark sea they rush headlong from the moun-tains with a mighty roar, and the tilled fields of menare wasted ; even so mighty was the roar of themares of Troy as they sped on.

But when Patroclus had cut off the foremostbattalions, he hemmed them back again towards theships and would not suffer them for all their eager-ness to set foot in the city, but in the mid spacebetween the ships and the river and the high wallhe rushed among them and slew them, and got him

VOL ii O 193

HOMER

, 7roXean> 8'evd* 77 roi YLpovoov TrpaJTOV /3d\€ Soupt <f>a€iva>,arepvov yvpsVajdevTa Trap* aam'Sa, Xvae Se yuta1 400SouTTTjcrev Se TTtcrcbv o Se ©e'aropa, "HvoTro? vlov,Bevrepov op/jirjOcis' o pêv evêcmo evl $i<j)pcorjaro dXeis ' e«r yap TrA^yrj cppevas, e/c §' apa -êipoJvyvia rjtxOrjaav — o 8' zyyzl vv£e Trapaardsyvad[J,6v 8e^LT€pov, 8ta 8' avrov Trelpev 686vTO>v, 495eA/ce 8e 8ovpos eAcov vrrep avrvyos, <})$ ore TLS <f)(l>Srrerprj eVt TrpofiArJTi /ca^Ty/xevo? Upov I'xOvv€K 7TOVTOLO Ovpa£,€ XLvtO KCU rjVOTTI, â\KO)'

(S? e'A/c' e/c 8i(f)poLo Ke^Tjvora Soupt <f>a€iva>,Ka8 8' ap' eTri aro/u' e'coae- 77eadvra 8e jtiiv AtTre

dvfj,6s. 410avrdp eTTeir' 'EpuAaov eWcrcry/.iei'oi' ^SaAelieaorjv KCLK K€(f)aX^v r) 8' dVSiâ Traaaev KopvQi fipiapfj- 6 8' apa Trpyvrjs €7rlKaimeaev, dp(f>l Se (JLLV ddvaros X^ro dvfj,opa.LOTrjS-avrdp eVetr' 'Epu/zavra /cat 'A/xôrepov /cat

'ETraAr^j/, 415TA^TToAe/xov re Aa/Aao-roptS^v 'E^toi' re ITuptv re,'Iêa T' Ey'tTTTTov re /cat 'ApyeaS^v IloAu/ZTjAov,Trdvras eTracrcrvrepovs Tre'Aacre xôvt TrovXvôreipr].

SapTr^Scov 8' co? ouv t'S' d^Lrpo-îriavas eraipovsêpa' VTTO HaTpo/cAoto MevotrtaSao SaêVras1, 420/ce/cAer' ap' dvndeoLai KadaTrro^vos AvKioiaw" al8a)s, d> Au/ctof Troae êyyere; vw ôot ecrre*

yap eycb rouS' arepo?, 6'0pa 8aeta»

1 The fish was regarded as sacred, perhaps as living inan element in which men cannot live. Reference may bemade to Frazer, Pausanias iv. 1 53 f .

2 Possibly we should take the verb as indicative, and read194-


vengeance for many a slain comrade. There verilyhe first smote Pronous with a cast of his bright spear,upon the breast where it was left bare beside theshield, and loosed his limbs ; and he fell with a thud.Next upon Thestor, son of Enops, he rushed.Crouching he sat in his polished car, for his witswere distraught with terror, and the reins had slippedfrom his hands, but Patroclus drew nigh to him, andsmote him upon the right jaw with his spear, anddrave it through his teeth ; and he laid hold of thespear and dragged him over the chariot-rim, as whena man sitting upon a jutting rock draggeth to landa sacred x fish from out the sea, with line and gleaminghook of bronze ; even so on the bright spear draggedhe him agape from out the car, and cast him downupon his face ; and life left him as he fell. Thenas Erylaus rushed upon him, he smote him full uponthe head with a stone, and his head was whollycloven asunder within the heavy helmet; and hefell headlong upon the earth, and death, that slayeththe spirit, was shed about him. Thereafter Erymasand Amphotems, and Epaltes, and Tlepolemus, sonof Damastor, and Echius and Pyris, and Ipheus andEvippus, and Polymelus, son of Argeas, all these oneafter another he brought down to the bounteousearth.

But when Sarpedon saw his comrades, that wearthe tunic ungirt, being laid low beneath the handsof Patroclus, son of Menoetius, he called aloud,upbraiding the godlike Lycians : " Shame, yeLycians, whither do ye flee ? Now be ye swift tofight2 ; for I myself will meet this man, that I may

the sentence as an indignant question, " Now are ye swift ? "i.e., in flight. Yet cf. 494.

195

HOMER

o? rt? oSe /cpareet /cat 8r) /ca/ca TroAAa eopyeTpwas, eVet TToXXaJV T€ KOL €odXa)V

eXvvev." 425*H pa, /cat ef oêwv crw Tevêati' dAro ^;ap;aê.

ITaTpo/cAo? 8' erepcodev, evict i'Sev, e/côpe St^pou.ot S' co? r' aiyvTTtot ya/-

e<£' vi/jyXfj p;eyaAa /c/*ot /ce/cA^yovre? eTT* aAAÂoio'tv opovaav. 439

Se tScbv e'AeTjcre Kpot'ou Trat? dy/cuASe TrpocreeiTre /cacrtyv^r^j' aAo^dv re -1

to /uot eycov, o re' /uot

* VTTO IlaTpo/cAoio MevotrtaSaoa Se jiiot /cpaStTy fj,€p,ove <f>pealv opfMaivovTi, 435

^CDOV eoVra fj,a^qs O.TTO SaKpvoe&arjavapTToiâs AvKirjs ev TTLOVL Si^fjuo,

UTTO X€Pcr^ MevotrtaSao Safiaomo ."Tov S' ^jLtetjSeT' eTretra ySoajTTt? TTOTTta

" atvdrare K/oot'iS^, -noiov rov p,vdov eetTre?. 440avSpa Ovrjrov eovra, TraAat TreTrpoifMevov alar),a^f IdeXeis davdroLo Sucnjê'o? efavaAucrat;epS'1 clrap oi> roi Trdvres eTratveo/iev êot cxAAoi.aAAo Se' rot epecu, en) 8' eVi tfrpeai ^SaAAeo afjmvat /ce â>v Trefjiiffrjs SapTr^SoVa ovSe SdpôvSe, 445cf>pdt,€o fjLTJ rt? eVetra êaiv eê'Aât /cat aAAo?TTe/zTretv ov <f>l,Xov vtov O.TTO /cparep-fj? u77oAAot yap Trept acrru fte'ya ITptap,oioutee? ddavdrajv, roiaiv KOTOV alvovaAA' et rot (f>iXos earl,, reov S' oAo^vperat r^rop, 450^ rot /xeV /ui> eaaov e'vt Kparepfj



know who he is that prevaileth here, and verily hathwrought the Trojans much mischief, seeing he hathloosed the knees of many men and goodly."

He spake, and leapt in his armour from his chariotto the ground. And Patroclus, over against him,when he beheld him, sprang from his chariot. Andas vultures crooked of talon and curved of beakfight with loud cries upon a high rock, even sowith cries rushed they one against the other. Andthe son of crooked-counselling Cronos took pitywhen he saw them, and spake to Hera, his sisterand his wife : " Ah, woe is me, for that it is fatedthat Sarpedon, dearest of men to me, be slain byPatroclus, son of Menoetius ! And in twofold wiseis my heart divided in counsel as I ponder in mythought whether I shall snatch him up while yet heliveth and set him afar from the tearful war in therich land of Lycia, or whether I shall slay him nowbeneath the hands of the son of Menoetius."

Then ox-eyed queenly Hera answered him : " Mostdread son of Cronos, what a word hast thou said !A man that is mortal, doomed long since by fate, artthou minded to deliver again from dolorous death ?Do as thou wilt; but be sure that we other godsassent not all thereto. And another thing will I tellthee, and do thou lay it to heart : if thou sendSarpedon living to his house, bethink thee lest here-after some other god also be minded to send his owndear son away from the fierce conflict; for many therebe fighting around the great city of Priam that aresons of the immortals, and among the gods wilt thousend dread wrath. But and if he be dear to thee,and thine heart be grieved, suffer thou him verilyto be slain in the fierce conflict beneath the hands

197

HOMER

VTTO YlarpoK\oio MevotTtaSao 8afj,rjvai'avrdp errrjv 8rj rov ye Xirrrj fax?) Te /cat aia>v,TreyiiTreii' IJLLV Qdvarov re (frepew /cat vrfivpov "YTTVOV,€is o Ke 8rj AvKir]? evpelrfs Sfj/j,ov IKWVTCLI' 455evda e rap^vaovai /cacrtyv^Tot re erat reTV/j,pq) re crrÂ^ re- TO yap ye pas earl Qavovraiv."

"D? eâr', ouS' drridrjae narr/p dv8pa>v re 0ea)v re-alparoeaaas Se t/JidSas Kareêvev epaê77atSa <j)i\ov rijJicav, rov ot ITaTpo/cAos1 ejjieXXe 460(f)diaew ev Tpoirj ept^Sc6Aa/ct, T7jAo0t rrdrpys.

Ot S' ore 817 crêSov •j^crat' eV aAAÂotcrt^ tovre?,ev^' ^ rot Ilarpo/cAo? aya/cAeirw Qpacrv/ji'rjXov,1

os /o' û's1 depdrrtov Sa/OTT^Sovo? êv ava/cro?,TOV /SaAe veiaipav Kara, yaarepa, Xvcre Se yuta. 465Sa/OTTT^Scov S' auroy /u,ei/ dmj^pore 8ovpi (f>aewa>8evrepos op^rjOecs, o Se n^Sacrov ovraaev Imroveyêt Se^tov ajfjiov 6 8' e^paê dv/j,6v dtadatv,/caS 8e rre'cr' ev KOVLTTJCTL fj,aKa>v, drro 8' errraro Qvôs.ra} 8e 8iaarijrr]v , /cpt«re Se t,vyov, ty'ia. 8e cr^t 470CTuyûr', e?ret §17 /cetro Traprjopos ev Kovcrjai.TOIO /z.ev AvrofJ,e8a)v Soupt/cAuros' evpero re/c/xa>p-airaaadfJievos ravv^Kes aop Traê'os1 vrapa fjt,7jpov}

dt£a$ aTre/co^fe iraptjopov ov8e jj,drif]ae,ra> 8' WvvBrirf]v, ev 8e pvr-fjpcn rdvvcrdev 475TW 8' aurt? avvirif]v epi8os Tre'pt dv/JLoflopoio.

"Ev$' ay 3jap7rr)8a)i> jjiev drrrj^pOTe 8ovpc (fraeiva),HarpoK\ov S' WTre/) utôv apiarepov rjXvd'eyxeos, ouS' e)8aA' awrov • o 8' varepos opvvro âA/IlaT/)o/cAos" TOV S' oi3^ aAtov /Se'Ao? eK(f>vye

Qpa<rudrifji.oi>.

198


of Patroclus, son of Menoetius ; but when his souland life have left him, then send thou Death andsweet Sleep to bear him away until they come tothe land of wide Lycia ; and there shall his brethrenand his kinsfolk give him burial with mound andpillar ; for this is the due of the dead."

So spake she, and the father of men and gods failednot to hearken. Howbeit he shed bloody rain-dropson the earth, shewing honour to his dear son—his ownson whom Patroclus was about to slay in the deep-soiled land of Troy, far from his native land.

Now when they were come near, as they advancedone against the other, then verily did Patroclus smiteglorious Thrasymelus, that was the valiant squire ofthe prince Sarpedon; him he smote on the lowerbelly, and loosed his limbs. But Sarpedon missedhim with his bright spear, as in turn he set uponhim, but smote with his spear the horse Pedasus onthe right shoulder ; and the horse shrieked aloud ashe gasped forth his life, and down he fell in the dustwith a moan, and his spirit flew from him. But theother twain reared this way and that, and the yokecreaked, and above them the reins were entangled,when the trace-horse lay low in the dust. Howbeitfor this did Automedon, famed for his spear, findhim a remedy; drawing his long sword from besidehis stout thigh, he sprang forth and cut loose thetrace-horse, and faltered not, and the other two wererighted, and strained at the reins ; and the twowarriors came together again in soul-devouring strife.

Then again Sarpedon missed with his bright spear,and over the left shoulder of Patroclus went thepoint of the spear and smote him not. But Patroclusin turn rushed on with the bronze, and not in vain

199

HOMER

' '\ ' "o \ » w /)» v // » s 11 t<* \aAA epaA evo apa re (ppeves epârat a/j,(p aowov

fjpnre 8' fo? ore rts Spy? ypiTrev 7} aye TTLTVS pXaiQprj, Try r' ovpem6g€TaiJ,ov TT'eAeVecrat veTy/cecrt vrj'iov eivai •

O 7Tp6a9' ITTTTtoV KOil Sl(f)pOV K€LTO TOLVVaOeiS, 485

, Kovios SeSpay/êvos- at)u,aroecro")]?.ravpov 67T€(j)ve Xewv dyeA7]^>t êreXQa>vt

vfAov, eV ei'AtTroSecrcrt /36ecrcn,wAero re arevdxcw VTTO Ya^rjXfjai Aeovro?,a»? UTTO HaT/oo/cAa; AVKLCOV ayo? aaTnarawv 499

,€veaiV€, (f)iXov §' ov6[j,r)V€V IralpovTT6TTOV, TToAe/utCTra /u,er' avSpacrt, t>w ere

/cat OapcraXeovvvv rot eeASecr$a> TroAe^tos1 /ca/cos1, et ôo? ecrcri.•npatra iiev orpvvov AVKICDV r/yiJTopas avSpas, 495TTavrrj eTToiô^vo?, ^jap7rr)86vos a^L^dêadai •avrap eVetra Kai auro? e/u-eu Trept p,dpvao âAKra).crot yap eya> /cat eWiTa Karfjêir] /cat ovetSo?

TJuara Trdvra Sia[j,7T€pes, ei K€ ^ 'AâtotavXijo-cocrt, vecov ev dyujvi Trecrovra. 500

5 \ \ > W / ^ W ^ ^ \ ' f f "aAA eêo /cparepai?, or/) we oe Aaor aTravra.nQ? apa. jMtv et77ovra reXos davdroio KaXvijjev

6(f>6aXfj,ovs pivds 6'' o Se Aa£ e^ orrjdeaie/c xpoos e'A/ce 86pv, Trporl Se (f>peves aura)roto 8' a/xa 0u^v re /cat eyêo? efepucr' at^/A^v. 505

ve? S' avrov crêOov LTTTTOVS<f>oj3e€O0ai, eTret XLirov

1 ZTTOVTO : %x°vro Aristarchus.200


did the shaft speed from his hand, but smote his foewhere the midriff is set close about the throbbingheart. And he fell as an oak falls, or a poplar, or atall pine, that among the mountains shipwrights fellwith whetted axes to be a ship's timber; even sobefore his horses and chariot he lay outstretched,moaning aloud and clutching at the bloody dust.And as a lion cometh into the midst of a herd andslayeth a bull, tawny and high of heart amid thekine of trailing gait, and with a groan he perishethbeneath the jaws of the lion ; even so beneathFatroclus did the leader of the Lycian shieldmenstruggle in death ; and he called by name his dearcomrade : " Dear Glaucus, warrior amid men ofwar, now in good sooth it behoveth thee to quit theeas a spearman and a dauntless warrior ; now be evilwar thy heart's desire, if indeed thou art swift tofight. First fare thou up and down everywhere, andurge on the leaders of the Lycians to fight forSarpedon, and thereafter thyself do battle with thebronze in my defence. For to thee even in time tocome shall I be a reproach and a hanging of thehead, all thy days continually, if so be the Achaeansshall spoil me of my armour, now that I am fallenamid the gathering of the ships. Nay, hold thyground valiantly, and urge on all the host."

Even as he thus spake the end of death enfoldedhim, his eyes alike and his nostrils ; and Patroclus,setting his foot upon his breast, drew the spear fromout the flesh, and the midriff followed therewith ; andat the one moment he drew forth the spear-pointand the soul of Sarpedon. And the Myrmidonsstayed there the snorting horses, that were fain toflee now that they had left the chariot of their lords.

201

HOMER

M S' alvov aô? yeVero (f>6oyyfjs dtovri"Se ot rjTop, o r* ov &VVC/LTO Trpocra/Jivvai.eAcoi' eVrteê jSpa^tova • retpe yap auroi> 510

€\KOS, o 877 /Ltiv Teu/cpo? eirecravpevov fidhev la>ui/fTjAoto, ap^f erdpoiaiv

S' apa etTrev €Kr)j36\q) '" K\vQi, aval;, os rrov AU/CITJ? eV61? ^ evt Tpoir)- Swaaat Se cru Travrocr' a/coueiv 515

Kr]$o/J,evq), (Ls vvv e/Ae KrjSos LKavet.yap e^co roSc Kaprepov, d^l Se

repa^vai Swarat, fiapvdei Se p:o6 d>pos vrr' avrov-£yX°S ^' ol^ Swa/xat crêtv e)u,7reSot', ouSe //.aêcrâi 520€.\Qwv Svcr[j,ev€€cr(nv . dvrjp S' copicrro? 6'AcoAe,SapTTT^Swv, Atos utos" o 8' oi)S' o5 TratSo? dpvvei.aAAa cru Trep //.ot, aiva£, roSe /caprepov e'Awo? a/cecrcrai,

8' o8wa?, So? Se /cparo?, o<^p' erapotcrtA.VKiOLaiV GTTOTVVO) 7ToXeJii^€lV, 525

eâr' eyôp:evo?, TOU S' e/cAue

TTaua' dSwa?, a?ro 8' e'Afceo? apyaAe'oioa!)aa p:e'Aav repose, [xevos Se' ot e)uj3aAe dvpa).TXavKos 8* e'yvw ^crtv eVt ^pecrt y^drjaev re, 530orrt ot COAC' rjKovae /xe'ya? $e6s" euâ/xeVoto.Trpcora fj,ev orpvvev AvKiiav rjyrJTOpas dVSpa?,Travrr/ eTrotô/zevos1, SapTr^SoVos1 d/avrap eTretra /iera, TpcDas1 «te fj,a,KpdTlovXv8dfJ,avTy CTTL TlavOotSrjv /cat 'Ayî/opa Stov, 535202


But upon Glaucus came dread grief as he heardthe voice of Sarpedon, and his heart was stirred, forthat he availed not to succour him. And with hishand he caught and pressed his arm, for his woundtormented him, the wound that Teucer, while ward-ing off destruction from his comrades, had dealt himwith his arrow as he rushed upon the high wall.Then in prayer he spake to Apollo, that smitethafar : " Hear me, O king that art haply in the richland of Lycia or haply in Troy, but everywherehast power to hearken unto a man that is in sorrow,even as now sorrow is come upon me. For I havethis grievous wound and mine arm on this side andon that is shot through with sharp pangs, nor canthe blood be staunched; and my shoulder is madeheavy with the wound, and I avail not to grasp myspear firmly, neither to go and fight with the foe-men. And a man far the noblest hath perished,even Sarpedon, the son of Zeus; and he succourethnot his own child. Howbeit, do thou, O king, healme of this grievous wound, and lull my pains, andgive me might, that I may call to my comrades, theLycians, and urge them on to fight, and myself dobattle about the body of him that is fallen in death."

So spake he in prayer, and Phoebus Apollo heardhim. Forthwith he made his pains to cease, andstaunched the black blood that flowed from hisgrievous wound, and put might into his heart. AndGlaucus knew in his mind, and was glad that thegreat god had quickly heard his prayer. First faredhe up and down everywhere and urged on the leadersof the Lycians to fight for Sarpedon, and thereafterwent with long strides into the midst of the Trojans,unto Polydamas, son of Panthous, and goodly Agenor,

203

HOMER

oe /zer* Pdveiav re Kail "E/cropa %a\KOKopvaTiqv,

v 8' terra/zeros' erred Trrepoevra, 7rpoarjv8a'

" "E/crop, vvv 817 Trayû AeAaa/zeVos ei? €7nKovptov,

OL aedev etve/ca rfjXe <^tAa>v /cat rraT/otSo? atTjs'a,7Totf)divv9ovcri' crv 8' oy/c edeXeis errafjivvew. 540^japmqSwv, A.VKLCDV dyos damaTaiajv,

os AvKirjv e'ipvro St/c^crt re /cat aOeve'i a)-TOV 8' UTTO IlaT/3o/<:Aa> Sa/iacr' eyêt %dXKeos "A.prjs.

aAAa, (f>i\oi, TrapcrrTjTe, i/e/xeacr^^Te Se 9v[j,q>,

fty drro reuê' eAca^rai, aeifa'crcra>cu Se veKpov 545MupjU.tSop'es', AayaeDi' /ceôAco/zevot ocrcrot 6'Aovro,TOJ)? 677i vrjvcrl dofjcriv eTrecpvo/Jiev eyêi^crtv."

"D? €(f>aTo, TpaJas 8e /card Kprjdev Aa^Se Trevdosda^rov, OVK ernei/cro^, evret cr^tcrtv ep/za TroAô?

ecr/ce /cai a.AAoSaTros' Tre/) ecoi'' TroAees1 yap a/z' avrai 550Aaot errovr', ev 8' auro? aptcrrevecr/c€ /zaêcrât •jSdv 8' 1 1)? AavacoK AeAnj/zevot • ^pxe 8' a/>a cr</»tv

cu6fj,€vos *£iap7rr]86vos. avrdp 'Aâtous1

MevoiTiaSea; narpo/cAô? Aacrtot1 /CT^/3-Atarre TrpcijTO) 7rpoa€(f)rj, /ze/iacore /cat aurco- 555" Atavre, vw o(f>a>'Cv dfj,vvecrdai (f>iXov earco,

oloL TTep Trdpos r)T€ [ACT* dv^pdaiv, 7} /cat dpeiovs.

dvrjp os rrpcoTos earjXaro relôs 'AâtaJt',aAA' ei /xtv aet/ctcrcrat/ze^' eAoi/res1,

T' aj/zottv aêAot/zeâ, /cat TI^' lraipo)V 5goaurou d[j,vvo[Ji€va>v Sa/zaaat/ieâ vrjXe'i


and he went after Aeneas, and after Hector,harnessedin bronze. And he came up to him and spake wingedwords, saying : " Hector, now in good sooth art thouutterly forgetful of the allies, that for thy sake farfrom their friends and their native land are wastingtheir lives away, yet thou carest not to aid them.Low lies Sarpedon, leader of the Lycian shieldmen,he that guarded Lycia by his judgments and hismight. Him hath brazen Ares laid low beneath thespear of Patroclus. Nay, friends, take your standbeside him, and have indignation in heart, lest theMyrmidons strip him of his armour and work shameupon his corpse, being wroth for the sake of all theDanaans that have perished, whom we slew with ourspears at the swift ships."

So spake he, and the Trojans were utterly seizedwith grief, unbearable, overpowering ; for Sarpedonwas ever the stay of their city, albeit he was astranger from afar; for much people followed withhim, and among them he was himself pre-eminentin fight. And they made straight for the Danaansfull eagerly, and Hector led them, in wrath forSarpedon's sake. But the Achaeans were urged onby Patroclus, of the shaggy heart, son of Menoetius.To the twain Aiantes spake he first, that were ofthemselves full eager : " Ye twain Aiantes, now beit your will to ward off the foe, being of such valouras of old ye were amid warriors, or even braver.Low lies the man that was first to leap within thewall of the Achaeans, even Sarpedon. Nay, let usseek to take him, and work shame upon his body,and strip the armour from his shoulders, and manya one of his comrades that seek to defend his bodylet us slay with the pitiless bronze."

205

HOMER

*\f-\ > / / / ! > * O \ > » ^ 5 \ ft" f\Lls e<pat7 , OL be KTCU avroi aAegaavcuol 8' 67ret dfji(j)OT6pa>dev €KapTvvavTo (fidXayyas,TpaJ€s Kal AVKLOI Kal M.vp/juo6v€s Kal 'Aâiot,av[j,/3aXov a/A</>i ve/cut KarareOvrjaJri fjidxeadai 565Setvov avcravres' /u.eya S' e^Spaê reuêaZeu? S' €77t vu/cr* oAo^v Tcivucre KparepfjO(f)pa 0t'Aoj 776/31 TTttlSt jLta^? oAoO? TTOVO?

8e Trporepoi Tpwes eXiKwrras 'yap ov rt KO.KIOTOS dvyp

OLV 570

'Aya/cAô? fJieyaOvfJiov, Stos1 'E77eiyeus',o? p' ev Bou8eia> eu vaio/zeva) ^VaacreTO Trpiv drdp Tore y' eadXov dveifjLOV e£evapi£ases nÂ^' LK€T6va€ Kal es ©e'rtv dpyvpoiTeâvol 8' a/,t' 'A^tAA^l' p^rjvopi Tre/JiTTov eireadai 575"lAlOV 61? €V7TO)XoV, LVa Tp(JL)€Cf(JI, jLKXÔtTO.

ToV pa TO^' a.TTTo/xevoi' ve/cuo? jSaAe âtSt/xos1 "E«rra>pKe<f>aXr)v rj 8' dVSiâ rrdaa

Kopvdi fipiapfi ' 6 8' apa TrpTqvrjs €7rl, d[j,<f)i Se' JMIV Qdvaros x^ro QvpopcuaTrfs. 580

8' ap' aô? yeVero (j)difj,€vov Irdpoio,Wvcrev 8e 8ia Trpo/xa^cot' tp^/ci e'ot/ca)?d)K€L, OS T' €CJ>6^7]a€ KoXoiOVS T€ tfjf}pds T€ *

cos tû? Au/ctcov, ElaTpo/cAee? iTTTTOKeXevde,eaavo KOL Tpaxjuv, Ke^dAcocro 8e /<r^p eVapoio. 585icat p" e'jSaAe Sêve'Aaov, 'Iâi^teVeo? <f)iXov vlov,

êp/xa8ta), prfêv 8' a77o roto revovras.8' U77O re 77po//,aôt /cat

OCTCTTJ S' alyaverjs pnrrj ravaolo206


So spake he, and they even of themselves wereeager to ward off the foe. Then when on both sidesthey had made strong their battalions, the Trojansand Lycians, and the Myrmidons and Achaeans, theyjoined battle to fight for the body of him that wasfallen in death, with terrible shouting ; and loud rangthe harness of men. And Zeus drew baneful nightover the mighty conflict, that around his dear sonmight be waged the baneful toil of war.

And first the Trojans drave back the bright-eyedAchaeans, for smitten was a man in no wise the worstamong the Myrmidons, even the son of great-souledAgacles, goodly Epeigeus, that was king in well-peopled Budeum of old, but when he had slain agoodly man of his kin, to Peleus he came as a sup-pliant, and to silver-footed Thetis ; and they senthim to follow with Achilles, breaker of the ranks ofmen, to Ilios, famed for its horses, that he mightfight with the Trojans. Him, as he was laying holdof the corpse, glorious Hector smote upon the headwith a stone ; and his head was wholly cloven asunderwithin the heavy helmet, and he fell headlong uponthe corpse, and death, that slayeth the spirit, wasshed about him. Then over Patroclus came grieffor his slain comrade, and he charged through theforemost fighters like a fleet falcon that driveth inflight daws and starlings ; even so straight againstthe Lycians, O Patroclus, master of horsemen, andagainst the Trojans didst thou charge, and thy heartwas full of wrath for thy comrade. And he smoteSthenelaus, the dear son of Ithaemenes, on the neckwith a stone, and brake away therefrom the sinews ;and the foremost fighters and glorious Hector gaveground. Far as is the flight of a long javelin, that

20?

HOMER

• » < ' » ' > ' / ' / * » » /rt\f]v pa r avrjp cupery Treipat/jLtvos 77 ev aetMo)i)e /cat e^ TToAepâj, STJICOV two dvfjboproaaov exwprjoav Tpcoes, ajaavro 8'rAauAco? 8e 7rpa>Tos, A.VKIO>V dyoerpaTrer', eKrewev 8e Baû/cATyaXaA/ccuvo? (j>tAov vlov, os 'EAAaSt otia'a vaicov 595oAjSw re TrXovraj re /ieTeVpeTrerot' jMev apa FAau/cos1 arr^dos (Mearov ouVacre

ls eÔLTrivrjs , ore /ui> /care)u,ap7rTev Se Trecrcov TTVKLVOV 8' apôs e'AAajS

to? evrea' ecrÂo? avrfp' //,eya 8e TpcDes Kâpovro, 600\ « > ' ' *' » » > / ' ^ ^ ' ' ^ ' " ' ' A v

arav o a/^,^> aurov tovres1 aoAAees1 • ouo ap AâtotdA/crj? eêAaôvro, jMevos 8' tû? (frepov avrcov'.€vd' av M.rjpiovrjs Tpiocov e'Aev avSpa Kopvartfv,Aaoyovov, dpaavv vlov 'Ovr/ropos, os Ato? tpeu?'ISai'ou ereruKTO, êo? 8' co? Ti'ero 8^/>ta>. 605rov ]8aA' wro yva^//,oto /cat ovaros- <5/ca Se 6u/jiosa;^€T* a,7TO /zeAe'cov, oruyepos' 8' aAlveias 8' CTTI M^pto^ Sopu ^d€\7T£To yap revêadai VTracmiSiadAA' o juev avra iScbv Âeuaro j(a\K€ov eyô?' 610irpoaaw yap /care/cuj/re, TO 8' eôTTtdev Sdpu fjiaKpovouSei 6Vi.crKi[A<f)9r], €77t 8' ovpLaôs TTeKeî^drj

eVâ 8' eTretr' d^t'ei pevos o/3pi[j,os "Apr)s.1

j 8* Atvetao Kpa8atvop,ev^ Kara yaiT^s2

', 67ret p' aAtov crrtjSapTjs (XTTO êtpo? opoucrev.] 6158' apa 6v[j,6v eâjcraro (frwvrjaev re'

1 Line 613 was rejected by Aristarchus.2 Lines 614 f. are omitted in most MSS. They are enclosed

in brackets, since they but repeat the content of thepreceding lines.208


a man casteth, making trial of his strength, in acontest, haply, or in war beneath the press of mur-derous foemen, even so far did the Trojans drawback, and the Achaeans drave them. And Glaucusfirst, the leader of the Lycian shieldmen, turned himabout, and slew great-souled Bathycles, the dear sonof Chalcon, him that had his abode in Hellas, and forwealth and substance was pre-eminent among theMyrmidons. Him did Glaucus smite full upon thebreast with a thrust of his spear, turning suddenlyupon him, when the other was about to overtakehim in pursuit. And he fell with a thud, and soregrief gat hold of the Achaeans, for that a good manwas fallen; but mightily did the Trojans rejoice.And they came in throngs and took their stand abouthim, nor did the Achaeans forget their valour, butbare their might straight toward the foe. ThenMeriones slew a warrior of the Trojans, in fullarmour, Laogonus, the bold son of Onetor, one thatwas priest of Idaean Zeus, and was honoured of thefolk even as a god : him he smote beneath the jawunder the ear, and forthwith his spirit departed fromhis limbs, and hateful darkness gat hold of him.And Aeneas cast at Meriones his spear of bronze,for he hoped to smite him as he advanced undercover of his shield. But Meriones, looking steadilyat him, avoided the spear of bronze ; for he stoopedforward, and the long spear fixed itself in the groundbehind him, and the butt of the spear quivered ;howbeit there at length did mighty Ares stayits fury. [And the lance of Aeneas sank quiveringdown into the earth, for that it sped in vain fromhis mighty hand.] Then Aeneas waxed wroth atheart, and spake, saying : " Meriones, full soon, for

VOL. II P 209

HOMER

rd%a /ceV ere Kal opfflarrfv rrep lovra

eôv Karerravae oLaprrepes, et cr' efiaXov rrep."

Toi> 8' aS M.r)pi6vr]s SovpLKXvTos dvriov r/voa-Alveia, xaXzrrov ere /cat I^>di}i6v rrep eovra 620

dvdpcorrojv crpVercrat jueVos1, os xe crew dvra

wvopevos' Ovrjros Se' vv /cat cry re'ryât.tt /cat eyco ere ^SaAot/xt TV%(l)v ueoov oê't

of^ra /ce /cat Kparepos rrep ed>v /cat X€Pcr*'e$%os efiol Sofys, i/JV)(r}v 8' "Al'St /cAyroTrcoAa)." 625

"Q? <j)dro, rov 8' evevnre Mevoiriov aA/ct/ios1 ftds"" M.r)pt,6vr], rt en) ravra /cat eaOXos ecov dyopevei?;

t3 rcerrov, ov rot Tpcues1 cJvetSetots1 erreeaaiveKpov x<j)priaovai' Trdpos rwd yala KaOe£et.

ev yap X€Pa^ f^Xos TfoXeôv, eTrecov 8' evt fiovXfj' 630TCO oi> rt ^p^ (j,v6ov oêXXeiv, ctAAct juaêcrcât."

nQ? elircov 6 //.ev ^PX > o ' otj11' ecrrrero Icrodeos (f>tos.rtov S' to? re Bpvr6fj,(uv avSptov opv/J-aySos opojpevovpeos ev ^jjaarjs, enaQev Se re yiyver* aKovrj,

cos roJv opvvro SOVTTOS drro x®ov°s evpvofteirjs 635XaXKov re pivov re fioaiv r' evrrocr]rda>v,vvaaofj,evcov £t,(f>ecriv re /cat eyêcrtv djji<f)iyvoiaiv.

oyS' ai' ert c6paS/xcuv 7re/> dvr)p SapTTTjSdva 8toveyvai, ercel fieXeeaai, /cat at/iart /cat Kovirjaiv

€K Ke<f>aXfjs etAfTo Sia/XTrepe? eV TrdSa? aKpovs. 640ot 8' at'et Trepi veKpov 6fj,iXeov, tb$ ore juutat

eVt j8po/ie'a»ai rreptyXayeas Kara rreXXas

210


all thou art a nimble dancer, would my spear havemade thee to cease dancing for ever, had I but struckthee."

And Meriones, famed for his spear, made answer :" Aeneas, hard were it for thee, valiant though thouart, to quench the might of every man, whosoevercometh against thee to make defence. Of mortalstuff, I ween, art thou as well. If so be I shouldcast, and smite thee fairly with my sharp spear,quickly then, for all thou art strong and trustest inthy hands, shouldst thou yield glory to me, and thysoul to Hades of the goodly steeds."

So spake he, but the valiant son of Menoetiusrebuked him, saying : " Meriones, wherefore dostthou, that art a man of valour, speak on this wise ?Good friend, it is not for words of reviling that theTrojans will give ground from the corpse ; ere thatshall the earth hold many a one. For in our handsis the issue of war ; that of words is in the council.Wherefore it beseemeth not in any wise to multiplywords, but to fight."

So saying, he led the way, and the other followed,a godlike man. And from them—even as the dinariseth of woodcutters in the glades of a mountain,and afar is the sound thereof heard—so from themwent up a clanging from the broad-wayed earth, aclanging of bronze and of hide and of well-wroughtshields, as they thrust one at the other with swordsand two-edged spears. Nor could a man, though heknew him well, any more have discerned goodly Sar-pedon, for that he was utterly enwrapped \y^th dartsand blood and dust, from his head to the very solesof his feet. And they ever thronged about the corpseas when in a farmstead flies buzz about the full milk-

211

HOMER

a>p-fl ev eiapivfj, ore re yAayoy ay-yea Sevei"a>$ dpa rot Trepl veKpov 6fj,iXeov, ovSe Trore Zeus'rpeifjev 0,770 Kparepfjs vopivrjs ocrae <f)aeiva>, 645aAAa /car' avrovs o,lev opa /cat (ppdêro 6v/J,a),TToAAa /zaA' d/A0t 0dva> Ilarpo/cAour/ 17877 /cat Keivov evl' KpaTepfjavrov eTT* avriBeo) SapTT^Sfaj/t%aA«:aj Sflwcrr), OLTTO r* OJ^CDV rev^ e'A^rat, 65077 ert «at nXeoveacriv oêXXeiev TTOVOV al-nvv.c58e Se ot (fipoveovrt Soacrcraro /cepStov efvat,0^/3' T^y? depaTTOJV TlrjXrj'Cdêa} 'eâvris Tp&ds re KOI "E/cropacuomro Trporl aarv, TroAecov 8* 0,770 OV/JLOV eAotro. 655"E/cro/ot Se TrptOTicrTa) dvaA/ci8a (pvâv evoipaev1

€S 8i(j)pov 8' avafias 0uya8' erpaTre, /ce/cAero S'aAAou?TpcDa? <l>evye[j,€vai' yv& yap Aio? tpa, raAavra.eV$' 01)8' i(j)9t,p,oi, A.VKLOI /Jievov, cxAAa (f>6^rjdev

errei fiacnXTJa t'Soy ê^Xr]fjLevovz rjrop, 660ev VCKVCJV dyvpei' iroXees yap eV' aura), €vr' epiSa Kpareprjv erdvvaae Kpovtcov.

ot 8' a/>' a77* (jjfjiouv âpTT^Bovos eVre' e'Aovro%dXi<ea fjiapfjiaipovra, rd /zev KoiXas eVt vâ?8a)/ce rfrepew erdpoiai Mevotrtou aA/ct/ôs1 uto?- 665/cat TOT' 'A77oAAajva 7Tpoae(f>r) vecpeXrjyepera" et 8' aye vw, <^>tAe Oot^Se, /ceAatveê? at/ia KeXOatv eK peXecov iLapTrrfiova, KO.I \iiv e-neiraTToXXov aTTonpo (pepcov Xovcrov TroTa/ôto pofjai

T' d/A^/oocrtTj, Trept 8' d^ftpora et/iaTa eaaov 670

tv&fMTev : Bv^bv Ivr/Kfv.

3 Lines 666-683 were rejected by Zenodotus, who read 666in the form «aJ rir' ap' ^^ "I5i;j Trp<xr{<j>i) Zei)s 6v 0tXo>' 1/46^.212


pails, in the season of spring, when the milk drenchesthe vessels ; even so thronged they about the corpse.Nor did Zeus anywise turn his bright eyes from thefierce conflict, but ever looked down upon them, anddebated in heart, pondering much about the slayingof Patroclus, whether in the fierce conflict eventhere over godlike Sarpedon, glorious Hector shouldslay him likewise with the sword, and should stripthe armour from his shoulders, or whether for yetmore men he should make the utter toil of war to wax.And as he pondered, this thing seemed to him thebetter, that the valiant squire of Achilles, Peleus'son, should again drive toward the city the Trojansand Hector, harnessed in bronze, and take the livesof many. In Hector first of all he roused cowardlyrout, and he leapt upon his car and turned to flight,and called on the rest of the Trojans to flee ; forhe knew the turning of the sacred scales of Zeus.Then the valiant Lycians likewise abode not, butwere driven in rout one and all, when they saw theirking smitten to the heart, lying in the gathering ofthe dead ; for many had fallen above him, when theson of Cronos strained taut the cords of the fierceconflict.1 But from the shoulders of Sarpedon theystripped his shining harness of bronze, and this thevaliant son of Menoetius gave to his comrades tobear to the hollow ships. And then unto Apollo,spake Zeus, the cloud-gatherer : " Up now, dearPhoebus, go cleanse from Sarpedon the dark blood,when thou hast taken him forth from out the range ofdarts, and thereafter bear thou him far away, andbathe him in the streams of the river, and anointhim with ambrosia, and clothe him about with im-

1 See the note on xiii. 358.213

HOMER

8e fj,iv -no^nolaiv dp,a Kpairrvoiai/cat Qavdra) StSfjitaoo'iv, ot pd /Atv a>/ca

ev A^VKLTJS evpetTj? mow STJ/ZCD,ev#a e rapxvaovm KaaLyvr^roi re erai rervp/3oj T€ arrfXr) re' TO ya/j yepa? ecrrt davovrwv." 675

"£}? eâr', ouS' apa Trarpos avyKovcrTrjcrev '

Se /car' 'ISatcov opeu>v e? (frvXomv alvrjv,§' eft: êAewv Sap777;8ova Sto^ aeipa?arroTrpo <pepajv Xovaev Trora/ioto pofjai

r* apfipoairi, 7T€pl §' a^pora et/âra c'crcre1 680ir6fJbTT€ Se /^tt' TTOfJiTTOLOLV tt/Xtt KpaLTTVoTcn (f)€p€ff9a,L,

"YTTVOJ /cat ©avara) SiSu^taocrtt', ot pa //.tv tu/caKardeaav ev AVKLTJS evpeirjs irlovi 8r)fj,a).

YldrpoKXos 8' t777Totcrt /cat Auro/xeSovrt /ceAeyaa?Tpcoa? /cat Au/ctou? /xere/ctaê, /cat ju-ey' ddadrj 685v^TTtos" et Se eVcs IIÂTyiaSao (j)vXa£ev,T) T av VTreKcfrvye Krjpa KaKr/v jJieXavos davaroio.aAA' atet re Ato? Kpeiaaatv voos rj€ Trep dvSpajvos T€ KOL aXxcfjiov aVSpa (f)oj3el /cat aêt'Aero viKrjv1

pr)i8i(t)$, ore 8' auro? error pvvriai j^dêcrdai' 6906V ot /cat Tore dvftov evl crri/jdecrcrw dvrJKev.

"EvOa riva rtpcorov, riva 8' vararov eêvdpiâs,naTpo/cAets1, ore 877 ere $eot âvarwSe KaXeaoav ;"ASprjcrrov fjiev TTpcora /cat Aurovoov /cat "Eê/cAov/cat rie'pi/Aot'MeyaSTyt'/cat'ETTtcrropa /catMeAavt777Tov, 695avrdp errecr' "EAacrov /cat MowAtov T^S

e'Aev ot 8' aAAot (/>uya8e [JWWOVTO e

1 Lines 689 f. ( = xvii. 177 f.) are omitted in many MSS.

214


mortal raiment, and give him to swift conveyers tobear with them, even to the twin brethren, Sleepand Death, who shall set him speedily in the richland of wide Lycia. There shall his brethren andhis kinsfolk give him burial with mound and pillar ;for this is the due of the dead."

So spake he, nor was Apollo disobedient to hisfather's bidding, but went down from the hills of Idainto the dread din of battle. Forthwith then helifted up goodly Sarpedon forth from out the rangeof darts, and when he had borne him far away,bathed him in the streams of the river, and anointedhim with ambrosia, and clothed him about withimmortal raiment, and gave him to swift conveyersto bear with them, even to the twin brethren, Sleepand Death, who set him speedily in the rich land ofwide Lycia.

But Patroclus with a call to his horses and toAutomedon, pressed after the Trojans and Lycians,and was greatly blinded in heart, fool that he was !for had he observed the word of the son of Peleus,he would verily have escaped the evil fate of blackdeath. But ever is the intent of Zeus stronger thanthat of men, for he driveth even a valiant man inrout, and robbeth him of victory full easily, andagain of himself he rouseth men to fight; and he itwas that now put fury in the breast of Patroclus.

Then whom first, whom last didst thou slay,Patroclus, when the gods called thee deathward ?Adrastus first, and Autonous, and Echeclus, andPerimus, son of Megas, and Epistor, and Melanippus,and thereafter Elasus, and Mulius, and Pylartes :these he slew, and the others bethought them eachman of flight.

215

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Ktv viffLTTvXov Tpoiyv eXov vies '

YlarpoK\ov VTTO %epaL" Trepnrpo yap eyX6^ dvevel H,T] 'ATroAAaic (Doi/Jo? evoprjTov em irvpyov 700ecrrr], TO) dAoa <f>povea>v, Tpwecrcri S' aprjyojv.

rpls fj,€V €TT' dyi<a>i>os fifj retêo? vÂoto', rpls S' avrov aTT€arv<f)G\^€.v 'ATroAAcoi',

' ddavdrrjat (fraewrjv dcmiSa vvaaaiv.

aAA' ore 817 TO reraprov e-neaavro Saifj,ovi itros, 705Setva 8' OjU.o/cAi^cras' eWa Trrepoevra irpoarjvSa'

" xdiy€o, Sioyeves TLarpoKXees' ov vv roi dlaaoa> VTTO Sovpl TToXiv TTepdat Tpaxjov

OllS' VTT* 'A^tAAÔS1, 0$ 7T€p CT6O TToXXoVnQ,S(f>dro, ITar/oo/cAo? S'ai/eâêro TToXXovôTriaaa), 710

dXevdfjifVos e/car?^3oAou 'ATroAAciit'os'.S' ei' SKCUTJCTI TrvXrjs eê n,a)vv%as ITTTTOVS '

£e yap -)}e )u,aôiro /caret /cAovot' avns eXdacras,

Aao^s1 es retôs1 6ÔKXrfO€(,€v dAât.vr' apa 01 (frpoveovri irapiararo Qolfios 'ATroAAaip', 715

aê/oi eto'a/xei'os' al^rja) re Kparepw re,'Acrto), o? prfrpcos rfV "E/cropos1 tT

avroKaoiyvrjTos 'E/ca^y, fto? 8eo? Qpvyir] vaieo-Ke pofjs eVi Sayyaptoto •

TO) /At^ eetCTa/xeôs1 Trpocre^^ Ato? uto? 'A77oAAcov 720" "E/crop, TiVre P'dx'rjs diTOTTaveai; ovoe TLaW oaov T]aaa)V elfî, rocrov aeo (freprepos

ru) K€ rcrâ arvyepws TroAe/xoy a1 jroXAoj': rvrdbv Zenodotus.

216


Then would the sons of the Achaeans have takenhigh-gated Troy by the hands of Patroclus, foraround and before him he raged with his spear, hadnot Phoebus Apollo taken his stand upon the well-builded wall thinking thoughts of bane for him, butbearing aid to the Trojans. Thrice did Patroclus setfoot upon a corner of the high wall, and thrice didApollo fling him back, thrusting against the brightshield with his immortal hands. But when for thefourth time he rushed on like a god, then with aterrible cry Apollo spake to him winged words:" Give back, Zeus-born Patroclus. It is not fated,I tell thee, that by thy spear the city of the lordlyTrojans shall be laid waste, nay, nor by that ofAchilles, who is bette'r far than thou."

So spake he, and Patroclus gave ground a greatspace backward, avoiding the wrath of Apollo thatsmiteth afar.

But Hector at the Scaean gate was staying hissingle-hoofed horses, for he was divided in mind,whether he should drive again into the turmoil anddo battle, or should call to the host to gather themwithin the wall. And while he pondered thus theredrew nigh to him Phoebus Apollo in the likeness of ayoung man and a strong, even of Asius, that wasuncle to horse-taming Hector, and own brother toHecabe, but son of Dymas, that dwelt in Phrygiaby the streams of Sangarius. In his likeness spakeApollo, the son of Zeus, unto Hector : " Hector,wherefore dost thou cease from battle ? It beseemeththee not. I would that I were as much strongerthan thou as I am weaker; then straightway wouldit be to thine own hurt that thou drawest back from

217

HOMER

dAA* aye, TlarpoKXa) eêire /cparepcovuâs1 ITTTTOVS,at /ceV TTCO? /xtv eArys1, 8(017 Se rot evôs 'A.Tr6XXa>v. 725

"î? elnajv 6 fjbev ai>TL5 e)8ry 0eo? a/x Trovoy dKe/SpLovr) 8' e/ce'Aeucre Sat<£poviITTTTOVS €S TToAe/AOV TT€7TXr)'y€/Jl,€V . CLVTap '

8vcF€0y ofJiiXov la>v, ev 8e /cAwov 'ApyetotaivT7/C6 KO.KOV, Tpcoalv 8e /cat "E«:TOpi /cuSo? oVaêv. 730"E/CTa>p 8' aAAou? ju.ev Aavaou? ea oi58'avrap 6 ITarpoKrAa) eêvre Kparepwvvâs

8' erepcudev d^' ITTTTOJV aAro€Xa>v' ^Tcpij^t Se Actêro Trerpov

p,dp[j,apov OKpLo€vrar rov ol Tjepl Xe^P âXvifjev, 735^Ke 8' €p€iadfj,€vos, ouSe ST^V aêro1

ouS' dAicocre /3eXos, /3d\e 8' "E/cropos1 i^, vodov VLOV dya/oVf/os Ilptd//,oio,

vra, /j,€Ta>7nov o£ei Aal'.8' ofipvs avveXev XiOos, ouSe ot ecrêv 740

oareov, 6(p6aXfJi,ol 8e â//,at neaov eVavrov TrpocrOe TToScZv 6 8' dtp'/caTTTT-ecr' dw' euepyeo? 8i(f>pov, XLTT€ 8' dcrrearov 8* €TTiK€pTO{J,ea)v 7rpoa€(f>7)s, HarponXees" a) TTOTTOI, ^ /zdA' eAa^po? a*vr\p, cos p'eta KVîara. 745et 817 TTOU /cat TTOvra) ev l^Qvoevn yevotro,TroAAous' dt» /copecretev dv^p 6'Se Tijdea oiôns,

aTTodpoHj'Kan', et /cat Sucr7rep;(êAos> et?/,? vw ev TreSta) e^ tTTTrwt' peta /cup\ora.p'a /cat ev Tpcoeom KV^Larrjrrjpes eaaw." ^gg

218


the war. Nay, come, drive against Patroclus thystrong-hoofed horses, if so be thou mayest slay him,and Apollo give thee glory."

So spake he, and went back again, a god into thetoil of men. Then unto wise-hearted Cebrionesglorious Hector gave command to lash his horsesinto the battle. But Apollo went his way, andentered into the throng, and sent an evil panic uponthe Argives, and vouchsafed glory to the Trojansand to Hector. But Hector let be the otherDanaans, neither sought to slay them, but dravehis strong-hoofed horses against Patroclus; andPatroclus over against him leapt from his chariot tothe ground with a spear in his left hand, while withthe other he grasped a stone, shining and jagged,that his hand compassed about. Firmly he plantedhimself, and hurled it, neither had he long awe ofhis foe, nor sped he his missile in vain, but smotethe charioteer of Hector, even Cebriones, a bastardson of glorious Priam, upon the forehead with thesharp stone, as he was holding the reins of the horses.And both his brows did the stone dash together, andthe bone held not, but the eyes fell to the groundin the dust even there, before his feet. And like adiver he fell from the well-wrought car, and his spiritleft his bones. Then with mocking words didst thouspeak to him, knight Patroclus : " Hah, look you ;verily nimble is the man ; how lightly he diveth !In sooth if he were on the teeming deep, this manwould satisfy many by seeking for oysters, leapingfrom his ship were the sea never so stormy, seeingthat now on the plain he diveth lightly from his car.Verily among the Trojans too there be men that dive."

So saying he made for the warrior Cebriones with

219

HOMER

olfjua XZOVTOS eôiv, 09 re aradpov? /cepat£coi>ef3Xr)To rrpos orrjdos, erj re îv aiXeaevto? enl Ke/3ptovi7, Harpo/fAee?, dAcro"E/cra>p 8' au$' erepajdev dfi ITTTTCOV dAro â/*aê. 755TOJ 7re/3i Ke^Spiwao XeovO' ws SrjpwdrjTrjv,co T' opeos Kopv<f)fjcn Trepi KTapevrjs eAa<ôto,ci'jU-â» TreivdovTe, /zeya (frpoveovrea)$ Trepl Ke/Sptoi'ao Suco ârwpeIlaTpo/cAo? Te Met'otTtaS^s' /cat (f>ai$ifj,o$ "E^rco/), 760

' rapeeiv Xpoa vrjXei/xev K€<f>a\fj(f)w eVet Xdftev,

8' erepcodev %X€V ôSos" ot 8e 817 a'AAotTpcoe? KO.I Aavaoi awayo^ Kparepty varp,Lvrjv.d)S 8' Eupo? re NOTO? T' eptSatVerov a.AAÂout' 755ovpeos W prjaarjs fiadeyv TreAe/itê/Aei/ vXrjv,§t]yQV re fieXiyv re ravvfiXoiov re Kpdveiav,at re Tr/oos1 aAATyAa? efiaXov ravviJKeas oôvsrjxfj 0eo7reaii7, Trctrayo? 8e re ayt'yjU.ei'acov,co? Tpcoes1 /cat 'Aâtot €77* dAAÂcucri dopovres 770Sôiv, ouS' erepot /Lti/coovr' oAooto (f>6j3oio.TroAAa Se Ke^Spidv^v a/>t<^' oêa Sovpa TreTrr^yettot re irrepoevres CITTO vevpfjfit dopovres,TroAAa 8e ê/3/â8ta yweyaA' dcr77i8as' earyêAifavjuapva/xeVcov d/i^>' auray o 8' ej^ arpo<f>d\iyyi Kovi^s 775/cetro fjieyas /ieyaAcocrrt, XeXaapevos iT

"Qfipa fj,ev 'HeAto? /ue'aw ovpavovr6(f)pa /idA' dfj,(f)OT6pwv ^8eAe' ^Trrero, mTrre 8e Aadj*

8' 'HeAtoff jJ,€T€via€To

220


the rush of a lion that, while he wasteth the farm-stead, hath been smitten on the breast, and his ownvalour bringeth him to ruin ; even so upon Cebriones,O Patroclus, didst;thou leap furiously. And Hectorover against him leapt from his chariot to the ground.So the twain joined in strife for Cebriones like twolions, that on the peaks of a mountain fight for aslain hind, both of them hungering, both high ofheart; even so for Cebriones the two masters ofthe war-cry, even Patroclus, son of Menoetius, and.glorious Hector, were fain each to cleave the other'sflesh with the pitiless bronze. Hector, when oncehe had seized the corpse by the head, would notloose his hold, and Patroclus over against him heldfast hold of the foot; and about them the others,Trojans and Danaans, joined in fierce conflict. Andas the East Wind and the South strive with oneanother in shaking a deep wood in the glades of amountain,—a wood of beech and ash and smooth-barked cornel, and these dash one against the othertheir long boughs with a wondrous din, and there is acrashing of broken branches; even so the Trojans andAchaeans leapt one upon another and made havoc,nor would either side take thought of ruinous flight.And round about Cebriones many sharp spears werefixed, and many winged arrows that leapt from thebow-string, and many great stones smote againstshields, as men fought around him. But he in thewhirl of dust lay mighty in his mightiness, forgetfulof his horsemanship.

Now as long as the sun bestrode mid-heaven, solong the missiles of either side reached their mark,and the folk kept falling ; but when he turned to thetime for the unyoking of oxen, then verily beyond

221

HOMER

/cat Tore 877 p" wrep alow 'Aâtot cêprepot Tjcrav. 780e/c pey Kep'pioVT]!' jSeAetov rjpaia epvcraavTpcotov e£ evoiTYJs, Kail drr' a>fj,iov reuê' e'Aovro,ndrpo/cAos1 Se Tptocrt Ka/ca tfjpovecov evopoixre.rpt? juev eTretr' eTropoucre $oa) draAavTo? ' A-prj'C,(TjitepSaAea Idâtv, rpl$ 8' evvea (f>a)ras eTrec^vev. 735dAA' ore 817 TO reraprov eirlaavro Sat/xop'i icro?,ev0' apa rot, Ilarpo/cAe, âv^ jStoroto TeAeurrj-f]VT€To yap rot Oot/Jos1 evt Kpareprj vcr/JiivrjSetvo?. o p,ei/ rov lovra. Kara K\OVOV OVK evorjcrev

yap TroAA^ K€Ka\vfi[Ji€Vos dvre/SoATjcre* 790^ 8' OTTtOev, TrXfj^zv Se p,era^»pevov eupee r a>ju,a>

KaraTrpTjvei, arpeêStvrêv 8e ot ocrcre.rot» 8 0,776 jU,ev Kparos Kweyv ]8aAe OotjSo? ' ATr17 Se KuAti^So/xeV^ Kava^v eê Trocrcriv u<^'

rpu<^dAeta, p,idvOf]aav Se eêtpat 795/cat ACOVITJCTI. irdpos ye //.ei' ou

pvOV TrÂ^Ka piaiveaQai KovirjcnvaAA' dvSpo? deioio Acdp^ âptev rep'uer' 'AxiAAô? • rore Se Zeu? "E/cropt^ KeffraXfj fiopeew, crêSoêv Se' ot êv oAe^po?. 800TrdV Se' ot ev» xeipeaaiv ayrj SoAtôa/ctov' eyô?,

v /ie'ya anfiapov K6Kopv6[J,evov • avrap 0,77* aJreAajuojvt xa/zat Treae

Aucre Se ot Qd>pt]Ka ava£ Ato? uto? 'r6f 8' ariy (ppevas efAe, Auêt1 S' VTTO (âtStp-a yuta, go5ar^ Se rcufxAv oTTiOev 8e nerdfipevov 6£e'C 8ot»pta>fj,a)i> jLteCTcr^yu? aêSdêi' jSdAe1 AdpSavo?

j8d\e: (7xe56»' oSracre Zenodotus.

222


their portion the Achaeans proved the better. Forthfrom out the range of darts they drew the warriorCebriones from the battle-din of the Trojans, andstripped the armour from his shoulders; andPatroclus with fell intent leapt upon the Trojans.Thrice then leapt he upon them, the peer of swiftAres, crying a terrible cry, and thrice he slew ninemen. But when for the fourth time he rushed on,like a god, then for thee, Patroclus, did the end oflife appear ; for Phoebus met thee in the fierceconflict, an awful god. And Patroclus marked himnot as he passed through the turmoil, for enfoldedin thick mist did he meet him ; and Apollo took hisstand behind him, and smote his back and broadshoulders with the flat of his hand, and his eyes weremade to whirl. And from his head Phoebus Apollosmote the helmet, that rang as it rolled beneath thefeet of the horses—the crested helm ; and the plumeswere befouled with blood and dust. Not until thathour had the gods suffered that helm with plume ofhorse-hair to be befouled with dust, but ever did itguard the head and comely brow of a godlike man,even of Achilles; but then Zeus vouchsafed it toHector, to wear upon his head, yet was destructionnear at hand for him. And in the hands of Patroclusthe far-shadowing spear was wholly broken, the spear,heavy, and huge, and strong, and tipped with bronze ;and from his shoulders the tasselled shield with itsbaldric fell to the ground, and his corselet did Apolloloose—the prince, the son of Zeus. Then blindnessseized his mind, and his glorious limbs were loosedbeneath him, and he stood in a daze ; and frombehind him from close at hand a Dardanian smotehim upon the back between the shoulders with a cast

223

HOMER

, os0' LTTTTOOVVT] re TrdSeom re

\ * c* \ / / * - » > ' o 3 1 5 </ QIA/cat yap 01) Tore (pcoras eet/coai pr)0ev cup irrncov, Siu

TrpajT* eXBojv ovv o\(.a(j)i, StSacr/cajMevo? TroAe/xoto*o? rot TT pwr os ecfrrJKe fteXos, HarpoKêes irrrtzv,

ovoe Sa/xacrcr' • o /xev aurts aveBpaê, \LiK.ro 8' oîXa),

€K XP°°S aprrdâs oopv peiXivov , ouS' UTre/Aeiveyu/xvdv Trep eovr' ev STJIOTT^TI. 8158e 0eou TrXrjyfj KOLI oovpl

aiff erdpatv els e6vos eâêro Krjp'"E/crcop §' ai? eiSev IlaTpo/cATya

ai/f avaâôjitevov, jSejSATjjitevov oêtdy^t/xoAov p'a ot Âê Kara ort'xas', oura Se Soupt 820vetarov e? KeveaJva, StaTrpo 8e âA/cov e'Aacrcre'8ovrrrjaev Be Trecrwv, jti,eya 8' '«:a ;€ Aaovw? S' ore crw aKafj-avra Xecov ef$ir\aaro

c5 T* opeos Kopv<j)fj(n /Ltcya <f>poveovTe jj,dirioaKos djjifp* oAi'y^S" eêAouat 8e Trte/xev a/x^co' 825TToAAa 8e T* aaQâivovra \ecov eSajuaacreu)s TToXeas TT€<f>i>6vTa MevotTtou aA/ctjitov utov

"E«:T6t)p Ilpta/uS^? aêKai ot eTrevxofJievos eVea rrrepoevra" HctTpo/cA', ^ TTOU e^>r]ada noXiv Kepaiêêv dfjirjv, 830

TpcoiaSa? 8e yuvat/ca? IXevdepov rjpap drrovpasa£eiv Iv vyeaoi (friXyv es Trarpiba yaiav,

racov Se rtpooQ* "EKTOpos aiAce'e? ITTTTOI

224

THE ILIAD, XVI, 808-833

of his sharp spear, even Panthous' son, Euphorbus,that excelled all men of his years in casting thespear, and in horsemanship, and in speed of foot;and lo, twenty warriors had he already cast fromtheir cars at his first coming with his chariot tolearn his lesson of war. He it was that first hurled hisspear at thee, knight Patroclus, yet subdued theenot ; but he ran back again and mingled with thethrong, when he had drawn forth the ashen spearfrom the flesh, and he abode not Patroclus, unarmedthough he was, in the fray. But Patroclus, over-come by the stroke of the god and by the spear,drew back into the throng of his comrades, avoidingfate.

But Hector, when he beheld great-souled Patroclusdrawing back, smitten with the sharp bronze, camenigh him through the ranks, and smote him with £•thrust of his spear in the nethermost belly, and dravethe bronze clean through; and he fell with a thud,and sorely grieved the host of the Achaeans. Andas a lion overmastereth in fight an untiring boar,when the twain fight with high hearts on the peaksof a mountain for a scant spring, wherefrom bothare minded to drink : hard panteth the boar, yetthe lion overcometh him by his might; even so fromthe valiant son of Menoetius, after he had slainmany, did Hector, Priam's son, take life away,smiting him from close at hand with his spear.And vaunting over him he spake winged words :

" Patroclus, thou thoughtest, I ween, that thouwouldest sack our city, and from the women of Troywouldest take the day of freedom, and bear them inthy ships to thy dear native land, thou fool! Nay,in front of them the swift horses of Hector stride

VOL. ii Q 225

HOMER

•nocralv opcopeârai TroAe/u£ew • eyêt 8' avrosTpcoal ^tAoTTToAe/ioto-t /zeraTrpeVco, o O(J>LV dp,vva> 835

rjfjiap dvayKaiov • ere Se r' eV$aSe yvTres e'a 8etA', ouSe rot eaOXos €a>v ^paLcrfjifjcro? TTOU TOI /zaAa 77oAAa pevcw eTrereAAer' lo

' H,TI /not Trpiv levai, HarpoKXees iTnroKeXzvde,

vfjas eVt yXatfrvpas, irpiv "E/cropo? dv8pO(f)6vot,o 840alfj-aroevra ^trcDva Trept cmjdeacri Satât.'to? TTOI; ere Trpoae^, crot 8e (f>pevas d(f>povi TreWe."

Tov 8' oAtyoSpat'ecovTTpocreff)!/]^, HarpoK\e€S LTTTTZV'vvv, "E/cro/o, yueyaA' evêo' aol yap e8a>K€

Zev? KpovtS^s" Kat 'ATroAAcov, 01 /xe Sdpacraav 845js" ayrot yap dw' a>fj,a)v reuê' e'Aovro.

TOtourot 8' et ?7cp //.ot eeiKocTiv dvT€/36Xr)aav,

Trdvres K' awro^' 6'Aovro e/zai UTTO Sovpl

aAAa yu,e /zoip' dAo^ /cat Arjrovs e/cravevav8pa>v 8' Ev<f)opj3os- av Se p-e rpLros e£evapi£,€is. 850a'AAo Se rot epeco, av 8' eVi <f>pe.ai fidXXeo afiaw

ov drjv ot58' auros" 8f)pov fier), aAAa rot 17877TrapearrjKev ddvaros /cat /x,otpa Kpa.ra.iri,

Sa/zeVr' 'A^tArô? dfAVfiovos Ata/ct'Sao."

apa p,tv etTTovra reXos davdroio KaXvipe" 8558' e/c peêcov TTTa/êV^ "Ai'SocrSe ê/J^/cet,

yooaxra, AITTOUCT' avSpor^ra /cat rj/3r)v.

TOV /cat Tedvir]a)Ta Trpoaryt'Sa âtSt^to" naTpo/cAets1, rt yu /xot /xavreveat acTrvv

226


forth to the fight, and with the spear I myself ampre-eminent among the war-loving Trojans, even Ithat ward from them the day of doom ; but forthee, vultures shall devour thee here. Ah, poorwretch, even Achilles, for all his valour, availedthee not, who, I ween, though himself abidingbehind, laid strait command upon thee, as thouwentest forth : ' Come not back, I charge thee,Patroclus, master of horsemen, to the hollow ships,till thou hast cloven about the breast of man-slayingHector the tunic red with his blood.' So, I ween,spake he to thee, and persuaded thy wits in thywitlessness."

Then, thy strength all spent, didst thou answerhim, knight Patroclus : " For this time, Hector,boast thou mightily ; for to thee have Zeus, the sonof Cronos, and Apollo, vouchsafed victory, they thatsubdued me full easily, for of themselves they tookthe harness from my shoulders. But if twenty suchas thou had faced me, here would all have perished,slain by my spear. Nay, it was baneful Fate andthe son of Leto that slew me, and of men Euphorbus,while thou art the third in my slaying. And anotherthing will I tell thee, and do thou lay it to heart :verily thou shalt not thyself be long in life, but evennow doth death stand hard by thee, and mighty fate,that thou be slain beneath the hands of Achilles, thepeerless son of Aeacus."

Even as he thus spake the end of death enfoldedhim ; and his soul fleeting from his limbs was goneto Hades, bewailing her fate, leaving manliness andyouth. And to him even in his death spake gloriousHector :

" Patroclus, wherefore dost thou prophesy for me

227

HOMER

/ 5> T£5 W » » A \ ' r\ ' 5 '•• ' •• 'TLS o oio et K A^LAevs, (ye-noo? Trcu? û/co/xoio, §60^^7)17 ejLta) UTTO Soupl Twees a.Tro 6vfj,6v oAecTcrai; "

"fl? apa <j)U)vriaas 86pv âA/ceov e£ coretA1^?eipvae Aa^- Trpoaftds, rov 8' uVrtov cocr' O.TTO Soupo?.auTt/ca Se î)^ Soypt /xer' Auro/xeSofTa /3e^7j«:et,avrideov OepaTTovra. TroSto/ceo? Ata/ct'Sao • 865tero yap jSaAeetv TW 8' e/c<^>epov cofce'e? tTTTrot

t, ovs ITÂ^t 0eot Socraf ayAad Saipa.

228


sheer destruction ? Who knows but that Achilles, theson of fair-tressed Thetis, may first be smitten bymy spear, and lose his life ? "

So saying, he drew forth the spear of bronze fromthe wound, setting his foot upon the dead, and thrusthim backward from the spear. And forthwith hewas gone with his spear after Automedon, the god-like squire of the swift-footed son of Aeacus, for hewas fain to smite him ; but his swift horses bare himaway, the immortal horses that the gods gave asglorious gifts to Peleus.

229

IAIAAOS P

' 'Arpeos vlov,Tpcoeom Sapiei? eV

/3rj oe Sia Trpofjidâjv K€KopvdfJ,€vos aWoTTidfji(f)l S' ap' ai)r<xi jSatv' ws TL$ Trepl TropraKi fj,r]T7]p

TTpCOTOTOKOS KlVVplf], OV TTplv €l8vla TOKOIO' 5

cos TTepl ITar/oo/cAw /Salve £avOos MeveAao?.Trpoade Se ol 86pv T' ecrê /cat acrm'Sa rravroa' etarjv.

rov Krdpevai /ê/zatus1 os Tt? row y' dvrios eXdoi.Oj)S' apa Hat'ôu vlos evjj,[j,€Xir)$ d/xeA^cre

riaTpoAcAoto Treo-drros- d/j,vfJiovos' ay%t §' ap' az5rou 10€CTT7], Kal 7TpOa€€l7T€V dpf]'i(JiL\O

" 'ArpefS^ Meve'Aae StorpeêV,âêo, AetTre Se veKpov, ea 8' evapa flporoevra'

ov 'yap TI? Trporepos Tpcoa)^ /cAeircDi' r* emKovpcuvHdrpoKXov p'aAe Soupt /cara KpaTeprjv vajj,ivr]v 15TOO p,e ea /cAeo? eoB\ov evl TpweaaiV apeadai,fj,rj ae ySaAaj, OTTO Se p,eAi7ySea dv/j,ov

T6v Se pê'y' o^^cras' rrpoaefirj £av9o$" Zeu Trdrep, ov p,zv KaXov vTrepfliov

OVT* ovv TrapodXios Toaaov pêVos1 oy're Xeovros 20230

BOOK XVII

AND the son of Atreus, Menelaus, dear to Ares,failed not to mark that Patroclus had been slain inbattle by the Trojans, but fared amid the foremostfighters, harnessed in naming bronze, and bestrodethe dead, as over a calf standeth lowing plaintivelyits mother, that hath brought forth her first-born,ere then knowing naught of motherhood ; even soover Patroclus strode fair-haired Menelaus, and beforehim he held his spear and his shield that was well-balanced upon every side, eager to slay the man whoshould come to seize the corpse.

Then was Panthous' son, of the good spear of ash,not unheedful of the falling of peerless Patroclus,but he took his stand hard by him, and spake toMenelaus, dear to Ares : " Menelaus, son of Atreus,fostered of Zeus, thou leader of hosts, give back, andleave the corpse, and let be the bloody spoils ; forbefore me no man of the Trojans and their famedallies smote Patroclus with the spear in the fierce con-flict ; wherefore suffer thou me to win goodly renownamong the Trojans, lest I cast and smite thee, androb thee of honey-sweet life."

Then, his heart mightily stirred, fair-haired Mene-laus spake unto him : " O father Zeus, no good thingis it to boast overweeningly. Verily neither is thespirit of pard so high, nor of lion, nor of wild boar,

231

HOMER

cure avos KaTTpov oXo6(f)povos, o3 re fjt,€yLCTTO$OvfJios eVt cmyfleom vrept aQeve'i /3Ae|MeaiVei,oaaov Tidvdov vies eu/x/AcAiat (frpoveovow .l

ouSe /uev ouSe /StTj 'YTrep^vopo? tTTTroSaôioTTOvrjd^ , ore /x' covaro /cat /u,' VTreêive 25

A' e^>ar' ev Aavaotcri^ eAey^tarov6/i/xcvat' ouSe e (f>rj[ju TroSecrcrt ye otcrteixfiprjvai a\o}(6v re (friXrjv KeBvovs rews 6r]v /cat crov eyco Aucrco fievos, et /ce /xeu aVra

aAAa CT' eyco y* ava-^copTJcravTa /ceAeuco 30TrXrjdvv Uvai, /M^S' avrios taracr' e//-eto,

KCLKOV TTadeeLv pe^dev Se re<>aTO, TOV S' oj) TTtWev

§7^, Meve'Aae SiorpeêV, ^ /mAayvcorov efJLov, TOV cirefaes, eTreuô/ievos" 8' ayopeuets', 35^ptDcras1 8e yvvalKO, \LvyG) daXdôiO veoio,apprjTovz Se ro/ceuat yoov /cat TrzvQos e• «re' cr<îv SeiAotcri yoou /caraTray/zaei /cev eycb KeâXrjV re re^v «:ai Teuê' eve»/ca?ITavâ) eV êtjoecrcrt ^SaAco /<rat O/oovrtSt 8177. 40dAA' ou /zav en Srjpov a.'neLprjro's TTOVOS earaiovS' eV aSr^piTO? ' T' aA/oy? 17 re </>djSoio."

"D? €LTTcbv ovrrjve /car' dcrTrtSa irdvroa' eicr^vouS* eppt]^€v âA/cos*,3 dveyâ/zî^ 8e ot ai^r)

t'S' eVt Kparepf}' 6 8e Seurepos1 opvvro â\Ka> 45peiS^s1 Meve'Aaos1, eVeu^d/xevos1 Ait irarpL-8' dvaâÔjueVoto /cara oroyiiaôio

* , eVt 8' aiJTO? e/oeicre jSapetTj êtpt

(ppovtovaiv : (f>oplov<nv.2 appr)Toi> : d.prjTbi'.

Aristarchus :232

THE ILIAD, XVII. 21-48

of baneful mind, in whose breast the greatest furyexulteth exceedingly in might, as is the spirit ofPanthous' sons, of the good spear of ash. Nay, butin sooth even the mighty Hyperenor, tamer ofhorses, had no profit of his youth, when he madelight of me and abode my coming, and deemed thatamong the Danaans I was the meanest warrior ; noton his own feet, I ween, did he fare home to makeglad his dear wife and his worthy parents. Evenso, meseems, shall I loose thy might as well, if thoustand to face me ; nay, of myself I bid thee get theeback into the throng, and stand not forth to face me,ere yet some evil befall thee; when it is wroughteven a fool getteth understanding."

So spake he, yet persuaded not the other, but heanswered, saying : " Now in good sooth, Menelaus,nurtured of Zeus, shalt thou verily pay the price formy brother whom thou slewest, and over whom thouspeakest vauntingly ; and thou madest his wifea widow in her new-built bridal chamber, andbroughtest grief unspeakable and sorrow upon hisparents. Verily for them in their misery should Iprove an assuaging of grief, if I but bring thy headand thy armour and lay them in the hands ofPanthous and queenly Phrontis. Howbeit not forlong shall the struggle be untried or unfought, be itfor victory or for flight."

So saying, he smote upon his shield that was well-balanced upon every side ; howbeit the bronze brakenot through, but its point was bent back in the stoutshield. Then in turn did Atreus' son, Menelaus,rush upon him with his spear, and made prayer tofather Zeus ; and as he gave back, stabbed him atthe base of the throat, and put his weight into the

233

HOMER

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1 6fJ.olcu : fatXaivai Zenodotus.234


thrust, trusting in his heavy hand ; and clean outthrough the tender neck passed the point. And hefell with a thud, and upon him his armour clanged.In blood was his hair drenched, that was like the hairof the Graces, and his tresses that were braided withgold and silver. And as a man reareth a lustysapling of an olive in a lonely place, where waterwelleth up abundantly—a goodly sapling and a fair-growing ; and the blasts of all the winds make it toquiver, and it burgeoneth out with white blossoms ;but suddenly cometh the wind with a mighty tempest,and teareth it out of its trench, and layeth it lowupon the earth ; even in such wise did Menelaus,son of Atreus, slay Panthous' son, Euphorbus of thegood ashen spear, and set him to spoil him of hisarmour. And as when a mountain-nurtured lion,trusting in his might, hath seized from amid a grazingherd the heifer that is goodliest: her neck he seizethfirst in his strong jaws, and breaketh it, and there-after devoureth the blood and all the inward partsin his fury ; and round about him hounds and herds-men folk clamour loudly from afar, but have no willto come against him, for pale fear taketh hold onthem ; even so dared not the heart in the breast ofany Trojan go to face glorious Menelaus. Full easilythen would Atreus' son have borne off the gloriousarmour of the son of Panthous, but that PhoebusApollo begrudged it him, and in the likeness ofa man, even of Mentes, leader of the Cicones,aroused against him Hector, the peer of swift Ares.And he spake and addressed him in winged words :" Hector, now art thou hasting thus vainly afterwhat thou mayest not attain, even the horses of thewise-hearted son of Aeacus ; but hard are they for

235

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avSpacri ye Qvr^rolai SayxT^tevai 178'aAAa> y' T) 'AîAî', rov adavdrirj reVero(f)pa Se rot Meye'Aao? ap-^fo?, 'Arpe'o? utd?,Harpd/cAw Trept^Sd? TpcoaJV rov apicrrov eVe^ve, 80IlavôtS^^ EuôpjSov, eTraucre 8e Qovp&os aXKrjs."

"Q.S eiTTOjv 6 p,ev avns cfir) deos ap rrovov avSpaiv,"E«TOpa 8' aip'ov aô? -n-u/cacre </>peVa? d|U,(/>t /x,e-

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raj /A* ou rt? Aavaaiv vefteaô-erai, o? /cei^ i'S^rat"E/<Topt ^cupTjaavT5, eVei CK deofav TroXepiêt.

el Se TTOI; AtWrds ye jSo^v aya$oto236


mortal men to master or to drive, save only forAchilles, whom an immortal mother bare. Mean-while hath warlike Menelaus, son of Atreus, be-stridden Patroclus, and slain the best man of theTrojans, even Panthous' son, Euphorbus, and hathmade him cease from his furious valour."

So spake he, and went back again, a god into thetoil of men. But the soul of Hector was darklyclouded with dread sorrow, and he glanced thenalong the lines, and forthwith was ware of the onestripping off the glorious arms, and of the otherlying on the ground ; and the blood was flowingdown from the stricken wound. Then strode heforth amid the foremost fighters, harnessed in flamingbronze, crying a shrill cry, in fashion like unto theflame of Hephaestus that none may quench. Norwas his shrill cry unheard of the son of Atreus, butsore troubled he spake to his own great-heartedspirit: "Ah, woe is me! If I leave behind the goodlyarms, and Patroclus, that here lieth low for that hewould get me recompense, I fear lest many a Danaanwax wroth against me, whosoever beholdeth it. Butif for very shame I, that am alone, do battle withHector and the Trojans, I fear lest haply they besetme round about, many against one ; for all theTrojans is Hector of the flashing helm leading hither-ward. But why doth my heart thus hold conversewith me ? Whenso a warrior is minded against thewill of heaven to fight with another whom a godhonoureth, forthwith then upon him rolleth mightywoe. Therefore shall no man of the Danaans waxwroth against me, whoso shall mark me giving groundbefore Hector, seeing he fighteth with the help ofheaven. But if I might anywhere find Aias, good

237

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/c avTis tovrej/cat irpos SalfjLovd 7T€p, el Tret)? €pvaaijj,eda vexpov

^ 'AîAî'' KCLKO)V Se /ce (êprarov ei'-jy." 105o rau$' opfjiaive Kara fipeva /cat Kara

ro<f)pa S' e?rt Tpcbcov arises rjXvOov tfpx€

"E/CTW/3.

aura/3 o y' eôiriaa) aêâêro, AeiTre SeevTp07ra\L^,6fjL€vos a>s re At? r/vyeveios,ov pa, Kvves T€ /cat aVS/oe? a?7O crrad/uLolo Stcovrat 110eyêcrt /cat <f>ojvff TOV 8' ey fipeaiv aA/ct/xot'•na^vovrai , de/ccuv 8e r' -e)8^ 0,770cos1 aTTO riarpo/cAoio /cte £avdos MeveAaoj.

T Se jLeracrrpe^dfLs, ewet t/cero edvosv A'tWra /Aeyav, TeAajttaSvtov ut'ov. 115

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238


at the war-cry, then might we twain turn back andbethink us of fight, even were it against the will ofheaven, in hope to save the dead for Achilles,Peleus' son : of ills that were the best."

While he pondered thus in mind and heart, mean-while the ranks of the Trojans came on, and Hectorled them. Then Menelaus gave ground backward,and left the corpse, ever turning him about like abearded lion that dogs and men drive from a foldwith spears and shouting ; and the valiant heart inhis breast groweth chill, and sore loth he fareth fromthe farmstead ; even so from Patroclus went fair-haired Menelaus. But he turned him about andstood, when he reached the throng of his comrades,glancing this way and that for great Aias, son ofTelamon. Him he marked full quickly on the leftof the whole battle, heartening his comrades, andurging them on to fight, for wondrous fear hadPhoebus Apollo cast upon them. And he set himto run, and straightway came up to him, and spake,saying : " Aias, come hither, good friend, let ushasten in defence of the dead Patroclus, if so be wemay bear forth his corpse at least to Achilles—hisnaked corpse ; but his armour is held by Hector ofthe flashing helm."

So spake he, and stirred the soul of wise-heartedAias, and he strode amid the foremost fighters, andwith him fair-haired Menelaus. Now Hector, whenhe had stripped from Patroclus his glorious armour,sought to hale him away that he might cut the headfrom off his shoulders with the sharp bronze, anddrag off the corpse, and give it to the dogs of Troy ;but Aias drew near, bearing his shield, that was likea city wall. Then Hector gave ground backward

239

HOMER

c? bifppov 8* dvopovae' St'Sou 8' o ye reuêa /caAa 130TpcDcrt <j>epeLV Trporl aorv, /j,e'ya /cAeo? coeval

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8' 'iTTTToAoôto TTat's1, hvKiatv ayo?140

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STj'totatv CTT' avSpaat vcoXefjies atet.e cru %6ipova cpa)TOL (TaJxreiCLs p,€0y o/ztAov,

t', eTTet £ap7T>]Soi'' a'jLta ^zlvov /cat iralpov 150'Apyetotcriv e'Acop /cat /cup/xa yevzaOai,

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into the throng of his comrades, and leapt upon hischariot, and gave the goodly armour to the Trojansto bear to the city, to be a great glory unto him.But Aias covered the son of Menoetius round aboutwith his broad shield, and stood as a lion over hiswhelps, one that huntsmen have encountered in theforest as he leadeth his young ; then he exulteth inhis strength, and draweth down all his brows to coverhis eyes ; even so did Aias bestride the warriorPatroclus, and hard by him stood the son of Atreus,Menelaus, dear to Ares, nursing great sorrow in hisbreast.

And Glaucus, son of Hippolochus, leader of theLycians, with an angry glance from ber-ath hisbrows, chid Hector with hard words, saying:" Hector, most fair to look upon, in battle art thousorely lacking. In good sooth 'tis but in vain thatfair renown possesseth thee that art but a runagate.Bethink thee now how by thyself thou mayest savethy city and home aided only by the folk that wereborn in Ilios ; for of the Lycians at least will no mango forth to do battle with the Danaans for the city'ssake, seeing there were to be no thanks, it seemeth,for warring against the foemen ever without respite.How art thou like to save a meaner man amid thepress of battle, thou heartless one, when Sarpedon,that was at once thy guest and thy comrade,thou didst leave to the Argives to be their prey andspoil!—one that full often proved a boon to thee, tothy city and thine own self, while yet he lived ;whereas now thou hadst not the courage to wardfrom him the dogs. Wherefore now, if any one ofthe men of Lycia will hearken to me, homeward willwe go, and for Troy shall utter destruction be made

VOL. II E 241

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€t yap vvv Tpttjeom pevos vroXvdapaes eVetTy,arpo/Jiov, oiov r avSpa? ecrepêrat ot weptdySpacri Sua/xeveeom TTOVOV /cat 8fjpLi> eatJ/fa /ce IlaTpo/cAoi' epvaaiêOa "IAtoi> etcra).et S' ouro? Trpori aarv /ieya Ilpta//.oto ava«rro? 160eAôt Tedvr]d>$ /cat /utv epucrat/xeâ âp/X7j?,ai^ra «reu 'Apyetot SapTT^Soô? kvrea «raAaAucretai', /cat K' aurov ayotjueâ "lAtoi/ et'o-arrotou yap depaTTCov 7T€(f>ar' avepos, 05 /*ey' aptcrros1

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•fje Trai'Tjjiieptos' /ca/co? ecrcro^tat, cu? ayopeuet?, 180

1 tdevro: fxowii'. 2 irfirov Zenodotus: wo'Trot.3 aiyioxoio: 17^ 7re/> dcSpos (c/. xvi. 688).

242


plain. Ah, that there were now in the Trojansdauntless courage, that knoweth naught of fear, suchas cometh upon men that for their country's saketoil and strive with foemen ; then forthwith shouldwe hale Patroclus into Ilios. And if this man wereto come, a corpse, to the great city of king Priam,and we should hale him forth from out the battle,straightway then would the Argives give back thegoodly armour of Sarpedon, and we should bring hisbody into Ilios ; for such a man is he whose squirehath been slain, one that is far the best of theArgives by the ships, himself and his squires thatfight in close combat. But thou hade4: not thecourage to stand before great-hearted Aias, facinghim eye to eye amid the battle-cry of the foemen,nor to do battle against him, seeing he is a betterman than thou."

Then with an angry glance from beneath his brows,spake to him Hector of the flashing helm : " Glaucus,wherefore hast thou, being such a one as thou art,spoken an overweening word ? Good friend, in soothI deemed that in wisdom thou wast above all othersthat dwell in deep-soiled Lycia ; but now have Ialtogether scorn of thy wits, that thou speakestthus, seeing thou sayest I stood not to face mightyAias. I shudder not at battle, I tell thee, nor atthe din of chariots, but ever is the intent of Zeusthat beareth the aegis strongest, for he driveth evena valiant man in rout, and robbeth him of victoryfull easily, and again of himself he rouseth men tofight. Nay, come thou hither, good friend, take thystand by my side, and behold my handiwork, whetherthis whole day through I shall prove me a coward,as thou pratest, or shall stay many a one of the

243

HOMER

77 TWO. Kal Aavauiv dA/c^? /xaAa -nep

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Kal Au/aot Kal AdpSai'oi dy^t/ia^rai,

dvepes core, <£i'Aoi, nvrjcraade Se dovptSos aA/ciy?, 185

6'</>/>' av eycbr 'A^tAôs1 afjivpovos eVrea Suco

/caAa, TO, narpd/cAoto /Ji/^v evdpi£a Kara/eras'."

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<3/ca )u,aA', ou TTCO rÂe, Trocrt KpaLTrvolai ^raaTrwv , 190

ot rrporl aarv (fiepov /cAura reirêa IlÂefSao.

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244


Danaans, how fierce soever for valorous deeds he be,from fighting in defence of the dead Patroclus."

So saying, he shouted aloud, and called to theTrojans : " Ye Trojans, and Lycians, and Dardaniansthat fight in close combat, be men, my friends, andbethink you of furious valour, until I put upon methe armour of peerless Achilles, the goodly armourthat I stripped from the mighty Patroclus, when Islew him."

When he had thus spoken, Hector of the flashinghelm went forth from the fury of war, and ran, andspeedily reached his comrades not yet far off,hastening after them with swift steps, even themthat were bearing toward the city the gloriousarmour of the son of Peleus. Then he halted apartfrom the tear-fraught battle, and changed hisarmour ; his own he gave to the war-loving Trojans tobear to sacred Ilios, but clad himself in the immortalarmour of Peleus' son, Achilles, that the heavenlygods had given to his father and that he had given tohis son, when he himself waxed old ; howbeit in thearmour of the father the son came not to old age.

But when Zeus, the cloud-gatherer, beheld himfrom afar as he harnessed him in the battle-gear ofthe godlike son of Peleus, he shook his head, andthus he spake unto his own heart : " Ah, poorwretch, death verily is not in thy thoughts, that yetdraweth nigh thee ; but thou art putting upon theethe immortal armour of a princely man before whomothers besides thee are wont to quail. His comrade,kindly and valiant, hast thou slain, and in unseemlywise hast stripped the armour from his head andshoulders. Howbeit for this present will I vouch-safe thee great might, in recompense for this—that

245

HOMER

TOJV rroivrfV o rot ov TL p,d%r)s e/c voorrjaavriSeveral 'AvS/oo/za^ /cAura, reir\;ea TlrjXetcovos."

^H, /cat Kvav€7)(nv err' o<f)pvcn vevae Kpovia>v,8' tfpnocre reir\;e' em XP°t> ^ A"1' "Ap^? 210

€vvdXi,os, TrXrjodev S' apa ot yu.eAe' evro?/cat adeveos. pera Se /cAetrou? erriKovpovs

pa, peya Id^wv tvSaAAero 8e a<f)iai Tra.cnAa/xTro/zevos1 êyaOvîov HyXetcovos.1

orpvvev 8e CKaarov eTrotôêvos' eTreecrcri, 215re rAau/cw re MeSo^ra re ©epcrtAoôv re,

' re AetCTTôpa ^' '^mrodoov re,re Xpo/ztov re /<:at "Ewo//,ov

row? o y' eTTOTpvvajv eVea Trrepoevra" K€KXvT€, l^Vpia <j)vXd TTCplKTLOVCDV eTTlKOVpCOV 220

ou yap eya> TTXrjdvv St^Tj/.tevo? oySe âri^cDV€vdd<)' a^' VfjieTepcov TToXiotv rjyzipa e/caarov,dAA' tm /.tot "Tpaxjov dAoxovs Kal vrjma re'/câ7Tpo(f>pov€a>s pvoiade ^(,Ao77roAe'/xa)v UTT' 'Aâtaiv.ra (f>povea)V Sco/ootcrt /cararptr^co /cat eSwS^ 225Xaovs, v[j,€T€pov Se eKaarov OV^JLOV deâ).TO) TIS vvv IQvs rerpa^pevo? r) drroXeaOajrj€ aaa>6r)Ta>' r/ yap TroXepôv SapiaTvs.05 Se K€ TldrpoKXov /cat re^âirct 77ep eju.TT^S'

e'? LTTTroBdfJiOVS epvcrrj, €i^rj Se ot Ata?, 230TO) €vdpaiv a,TroSacrcro/xai, rjpiarv 8' auros1

eycu1 ro Se' ot /cAe'oy eacrerat oaoov e/uot Trep."

'iuvos : fjf.eja6vfj.(ji IlTjXei'wj'i Aristarchns,Zenodotus.

2 Line 219 is omitted in some MSS.

1 Such is regularly the meaning of IvSaXXeadai in Homer.In later Greek the verb also means " seem like," " resemble,"246


in no wise shalt thou return from out the battlefor Andromache to receive from thee the gloriousarmour of the son of Peleus."

The son of Cronos spake and bowed thereto withhis dark brows, and upon Hector's body he made thearmour to fit, and there entered into him Ares, thedread Enyalius, and his limbs were filled within withvalour and with might. Then went he his way intothe company of the famed allies, crying a great cry,and shewed himself before the eyes of all,1 flashingin the armour of the great-souled son of Peleus.And going to and fro he spake and heartenedeach man, Mesthles and Glaucus and Medon andThersilochus and Asteropaeus and Deisenor andHippothous and Phorcys and Chromius and Ennomus,the augur—these he heartened, and spake to themwinged words : " Hear me, ye tribes uncounted ofallies that dwell round about. Not because I soughtfor numbers or had need thereof, did I gather eachman of you from your cities, but that with readyhearts ye might save the Trojans' wives and theirlittle children from the war-loving Achaeans. Withthis intent am I wasting the substance of mine ownfolk that ye may have gifts and food, and therebyI cause the strength of each one of you to wax.Wherefore let every man turn straight against thefoe and die haply, or live; for this is the dalliance ofwar. And whosoever shall hale Patroclus, deadthough he be, into the midst of the horse-tamingTrojans, and make Aias to yield, the half of the spoilsshall I render unto him, and the half shall I keep mineown self; and his glory shall be even as mine own."

and Aristarchus seems to have given it that meaning in thispassage.

247

HOMER

"Q? e<f>ad', ol 8' Wvs Aavaaiv fipiaavres eflrjaav,oovpar* dvacrô/xevof jitaAa Se afyiaw eXrrero 6vfj,6s

veKpov UTT' Alavros epveiv TeXa/jLcwidoao, 235vrynvoi' 77 re rroXeacriv eV ayra) QVJMOVKai TOT* apy Aias etvre fiorjv dyadov

" cu 7T67TOV, a> MeveAae 8corpe(j)€s, ovKert vwieXnoâi avra) rrep vocnrjaepev IK TroAe/xoio.ov TI roaov VCKVOS TreptSet'Sia IlaTpoKAoto, 240os K€ raâ Tpcocov /co/oeet Kvvas 1)8' olcovovs,oaoov e/x^ KefaXfj TreptSet'Sta, /AT^ rt

Kai afj, €TT€L TToAe/xoto vefios TTepl 7T(ivTa, /"EfCTCDjO, ^jiitv 8' awr' dvaâiVerat alirvs

aAA' ay' dpiarrjas Aavaaiv /caAet, ^V rt? aKovarj." 245ttn? eâr', owS' dmdrjae fiorjv dyados Meye'Aaos1,

ijiiaev 8e SiaTrpvaiov Aavaotcrt yeycovcos"

" c5 (f)cXoi 'Apyetcov rjy-rjropes ^Se fieoovres,01 re Trap' 'Arpetorjs, 'AyajU-e/xvovi /cat MeveAaaj,orjfjua nivovcnv Kai arj/JLawovoriv eKaaros 250

Aaot?' e'/c 8e Ato? TIJU/J) /cat /cuSo? OTTTjSet.dpyaXeov 8e /ôt e'crrt Stacr/coTrtacrât eKaarov

rjyep,6va)V roaor) yap epis TroAeôto oeSiqev

dXXd rtj auros1 iVa), vefjieatêcrOa) 8' evt 0v/Jia>

HdrponXov Tpwfjai, Kvcrlv fj,eXm]dpa yeveodai." 255«/"> > / ; 5 5 > \ o> v TV-li « ^ A"iz? eâr , ogu o axovoev (JiArjOS ra%v$ Aias •

rrptJoros 8' avrtos Âê êcuv am orj'iorfjra,

rov oe /ACT' 'ISo/zeyei)? /cat oTracot' 'ISoêvTyos1,

M^ptov^s', araAavTos 'EvuaAtaj dvope'i(j)6vrrj.248


So spake he, and they charged straight againstthe Danaans with all their weight, holding theirspears on high, and their hearts within them werefull of hope to drag the corpse from beneath Aias,son of Telamon—fools that they were ! Verily fullmany did he rob of life over that corpse. Thenspake Aias unto Menelaus, good at the war-cry," Good Menelaus, fostered of Zeus, no more have Ihope that we twain by ourselves alone shall win backfrom out the war. In no wise have I such dread for

- the corpse of Patroclus that shall presently glut thedogs and birds of the Trojans, as I have for mineown life, lest some evil befall, and for thine as well,for a cloud of war compasseth everything about, evenHector, and for us is utter destruction plain to see.Howbeit, come thou, call upon the chieftains of theDanaans, if so be any may hear."

So spake he, and Menelaus, good at the war-cry,failed not to hearken, but uttered a piercing shout,and called to the Danaans : " Friends, leaders andrulers of the Argives, ye that at the board of thesons of Atreus, Agamemnon and Menelaus, drink atthe common cost, and give commands each one tohis folk—ye upon whom attend honour and gloryfrom Zeus—hard is it for me to discern each manof the chieftains, in such wise is the strife of warablaze. Nay, let every man go forth unbidden, andhave shame at heart that Patroclus should becomethe sport of the dogs of Troy."

So spake he, and swift Aias, son of Oileus, heardhim clearly, and was first to come running to meethim amid the battle, and after him Idomeneus andIdomeneus' comrade, Meriones, the peer of Enyalius,

249

HOMER

TOJV 8' aXXojv TLS Kev T^CTi (frpealv ovvopar' eiTroi,1 260

ocrcrot 817 peroTricrde /Jid^v 7]y€ipav 'Aâta^;

Tpcoes Se TTpovrvifiav aoAAees" rjpxe §' ap' "E/crwp.co? §' 6V eTTt TrpoÔTjcrt 8ti77ereo? Trora/xoto

peya Kvp,a TTOTI poov, d^fii 8e T' a'/cpat

ooajaiv €pevyo/j,<lvr]s dXos e'£a>, 265

roaarj apa Tptoes taxi) 'ô-^- avrapecrracrav dpfil MevotrtctS^ eva QvfJiov

(frpaxdevTes3 aaKzoiv âA/CT^pecrtv a/i,^>t 8' apa cnî

KopvOeacri Kpovta>v iêpa 7roAAi)v

eTret ouSe MevoiriaS^v rj^Qaifte Trapo? ye, 270

£,a)os €<i>v OepdiTCov rjv Ata/a'Sao*

S' apa p,tv Srftatv KVOI Kvpâ yeveadcu

TCO /cat ot dfjuvveêv a>poev eraipovs.

8e Trporepoi Tpaie? eAuccoTras1 'Aâtous"

ov 8e TrpoXiTTovres VTrerpeaav, ouSe rtv' auraiv 275

TpcDe? VTrepdvfjiOL eXov €y%eaiv lepevoi irep,

aAAd v€Kvv zpvovro. fjLLVwda Se /cat rou 'Aâtot

/zeAAov drrlaaeadai • pdXa yap afieas ai/c' eXeXigev

Ata?, o? Trept /y,ev etSo?, Trept 8' epya rery/cro

TO)V aAAcov AaâcDt' /êr' a/xu/zoâ nÂetWa. 280

Wvaev 8e 8ta 77po/xa%cov cry't ei'/ceAo? aA/c^v

ia}, os T* ev opecrcri Kvvas daXepovs T' al^rjovs

e/ce'Sacrcrev, eAtâp-evos" Sta /3i]acras'

a>s vios TeXaâJvos dyavov, (f)ai&ifj,os At'a?,

p'eta p:eretcra/xevo? Tptuajv e/ce8acrcre âAayya?, 285

1 Lines 260 f. were rejected by Zenodotus.2 fy'ovos : rji'oves. 3 (^pa^d^vrfs : apdfv

250


slayer of men. But of the rest, what man of hisown wit could name the names—of all that cameafter these and aroused the battle of the Achaeans ?

Then the Trojans drave forward in close throng,and Hector led them. And as when at the mouthof some heaven-fed river the mighty wave roarethagainst the stream, and the headlands of the shoreecho on either hand, as the salt-sea bellowethwithout ; even with such din of shouting came onthe Trojans. But the Achaeans stood firm aboutthe son of Menoetius with oneness of heart, fencedabout with shields of bronze. And the son of Cronosshed thick darkness over their bright helms, for evenaforetime was the son of Menoetius nowise hated ofhim, while he was yet alive and the squire of theson of Aeacus ; and now was Zeus full loath that heshould become the sport of the dogs of his foemen,even them of Troy; wherefore Zeus roused hiscomrades to defend him.

And first the Trojans drave back the bright-eyedAchaeans, who left the corpse and shrank back beforethem ; howbeit not a man did the Trojans high ofheart slay with their spears, albeit they were fain,but they set them to hale the corpse. Yet for butscant space were the Achaeans to hold back there-from, for full speedily did Aias rally them—Aias thatin comeliness and in deeds of war was above all theother Danaans next to the peerless son of Peleus.Straight through the foremost fighters he strode, inmight like a wild boar that, amid the mountainslightly scattereth hounds and lusty youths when hewheeleth upon them in the glades ; even so the sonof lordly Telamon, glorious Aias, when he had gotamong them lightly scattered the battalions of the

251

HOMER

ot TTepl TlarpoKAio jSe^Sacrav, (frpoveov Se //.aAtora

CtCTTU TTOTl (J(f)€T€pOV epVCiV KCU KV$OS OLp€CrO(U.TH rot TOV A^floto IleAacryou

1, TroSos1 e'A/ce Kara Kpareprjv v

os reAa/âivt Trapa, 0(f>vpov d[j,<j>l revovras, 290

/cat Tpcoecrcri âptô^tevos" raâ 8' aural

e KO.KOV, TO ot ou Tt? epu/ctt/ccv iefMevcov rrep.0> f X T " \ « > .'•/• ^ > < ' \o VLOS 1 eAapaivos CTraigas ot opiAov

auTocrêStTjv Kfveij? Sia âA/coTra/DTjou •

8' tTTTroSacreia Kopvs TTepl 8ovpos aKCOKrj, 295

tcr' eyêt re /xeyaAaj /cat

eyK€(f>aXos Se Trap' auAov ave^paêv e£

at/zaroet?. TOW 8' au^t Au^ /zeVo?, e/c 8'

Voio TroSa /xeyaA^ropos'

6 S' ayx' ctuToto Tre'ae Trprjvrjs em veKpw, 300

TTyA' O-TTO AaptCTTj? ept^ScoAa/cos1, ouSe roKevm

dpeirrpa <j)i\ois aireSco/ce, fJuvwddSios Se ot at'cbv

eVAe^' UTT' Atavro? p.eyaûp:ou Soupt

"E/crcop S' CWT' Atavro? aKovrtcre 8ovpl

aAA' o /nev avra tStov Âeuaro âA/ceov eyôs 395

ri>T0oV o Se SêStW, ii*€yaQvjj,ov 'I^trou

6' ' a/otcTTov, o? eV AfAetrai

vateraacr/ce 77oAecrcr' avSpecrcrtv

rov jSaA' UTTO /cATji'Sa /xe'or^v Sta 8' a/x-rrepes1

,- âA«:et7j Trapd veiarov W/JLOV dveaê' 310

8e 7recrc6t', adroe Se ' '

252


Trojans, that had taken their stand above Patroclus,and were fain above all to hale him to their city, andget them glory.

Now Hippothous, the glorious son of PelasgianLethus, was dragging the corpse by the foot throughthe fierce conflict, and had bound his baldric aboutthe tendons of either ankle, doing pleasure untoHector and the Trojans. But full swiftly upon himcame evil that not one of them could ward off, howfain soever they were. For the son of Telamon,darting upon him through the throng, smote himfrom close at hand through the helmet with cheek-pieces of bronze ; and the helm with horse-hair crestwas cloven about the spear-point, smitten by thegreat spear and the strong hand ; and the brainspurted forth from the wound along the socket of thespear all mingled with blood. There then his strengthwas loosed, and from his hands he let fall to lieupon the ground the foot of great-hearted Patroclus,and hard thereby himself fell headlong upon thecorpse, far from deep-soiled Larissa; nor paid heback to his dear parents the recompense of his up-bringing, and but brief was the span of his life, forthat he was laid low by the spear of great-souledAias. And Hector in turn cast at Aias with hisbright spear, but Aias, looking steadily at him,avoided the spear of bronze albeit by a little, andHector smote Schedius, son of great-souled Iphitus,far the best of the Phocians, that dwelt in a housein famous Panopeus, and was king over many men.Him Hector smote beneath the midst of the collar-bone, and clean through passed the point of bronze,and came out beneath the base of the shoulder.And he fell with a thud, and upon him his armour

253

HOMER

Ata? 8' aS QopKvva, Saifipova OatfOTros1 vlov,'\TTTTo66a) TTepifiavra /zecn-ji/ Kara yacrrepa, rvifie'

Se dioprjKos yvaXov, Sia 8' evrepa âA/co?'• 6 8' ev Kovirjai, TTZGUJV e'Ae yaiav ayocrra). 315

8' UTTO re Trpoâôi KCU (f)aiSLjj,os "E/cratp*8e /êya taôv, epucravro 8e vexpovs,' 'IlTTTodoOV T€, \VOVTO 8e TCUê' (X7r'

Evâ «rev aure Tptoe? apr]i(f)iXa)v VTT* 'elaavejSirjcrav avaA/cetTjcrt Sa/xeVres1, 320

8e /ce /cuSo? e'Aov /cat UTrep Ato? cuaav'L KO! aOeve'i o-êrepa)' aAA' avros1 'ATroAAwi'

Alveiav orpvve, Sepas Hiepiâvn eot/ccus1,KTJpvK* 'HTryrtS^, 09 ot Trapa rrarpl yepovrtxrjpvcraajv yijpaaKe, î'Aa (frpeai |U.7j8ea etSais" 325TO) jiitv eeiadfjievos TTpoae^rj Atoj yio? 'ATroAAtov" Alveia, TTO)? av /cai inrep 9eov ÎpvaffaioOe.'lAiov aiTTewrjv; (Ls 817 i'Sov avepas aAAous1

Kapret re aOevet re TreTroidoras rjvoper) reTrXijdei re cr<f>€Tepq), /cat VTrep Ata1 ST^/AOV eôvras" 33017/xtv 8e Zeus' jLiev TroAu /SouAeratVLKTJV dAA' aurot rpetr' acnrerov ot3Se

"D? 6^>aT*, Alveias 8* eKarrjfioXov 'AiroXXcovakyvoi eaavra tSc6v, yueya 8' "E/cropa eiire ôr/eras'« '/T7 > > O » v\ \ T1 / 5 \ » <>> » /siiKTop r rjo aAAot lpojo>v ayot 7)0 emKovpatv, 335atSa;? yu,ev vw i 'Se y' dpr)'C(j)i\a)v VTT* 'AâtcDvlAtov etcrava^Sryt'at avaA/ceti^crt 8a/xeVra?.

dAA' ert yap rts ^Tjcrt êcSt' e/xot ayî rrapaaras1 i;7rep Ata : VTrepdâ MSS.

254


clanged. And Aias in his turn smote wise-heartedPhorcys, son of Phaenops, full upon the belly as hebestrode Hippothous, and he brake the plate of hiscorselet, and the bronze let forth the bowels there-through ; and he fell in the dust and clutched theearth in his palm. Thereat the foremost fightersand glorious Hector gave ground, and the Argivesshouted aloud, and drew off the dead, even Phorcysand Hippothous, and set them to strip the armourfrom their shoulders.

Then would the Trojans have been driven againby the Achaeans, dear to Ares, up to Ilios, vanquishedin their cowardice, and the Argives would have wonglory even beyond the allotment of Zeus, by reason oftheir might and their strength, had not Apollo himselfaroused Aeneas, taking upon him the form of theherald, Periphas, son of Epytos, that in the house ofhis old father had grown old in his heraldship, andwithal was of kindly mind toward him. In his like-ness spake unto Aeneas the son of Zeus, Apollo :" Aeneas, how could ye ever guard steep Ilios, indefiance of a god ? In sooth I have seen other menthat had trust in their strength and might, in theirvalour and in their host, and that held their realmeven in defiance of Zeus. But for us Zeus willeththe victory far more than for the Danaans ; yetyourselves ye have measureless fear, and fight not."

So spake he, and Aeneas knew Apollo that smitethafar, when he looked upon his face, and he calledaloud, and spake to Hector : " Hector, and ye otherleaders of the Trojans and allies, shame verily werethis, if before the Achaeans, dear to Ares, we bedriven back to Ilios, vanquished in our cowardice.Howbeit even yet, declareth one of the gods that

255

HOMER

VTTCLTOV ju-TôTcopa ^d^ris eTTirdppoBov

TCO p" Wvs Aavatoi/ to/ief, ;u.T]S' ot ye e/cÂot 340

Ilarpo/cAoi/ vr/valv TreAacraiaro redvrjcora."

"Q? (f)dro, /cat pa TtoAu 7rpo/xaâ)v e^dX/JLevos karri.

ol S' eAeAt^^Tjcrav /<:at evavrtot earav 'AâtcDf.

eV0' aur' Atveta? Aetco/cptrov ovraae Sovpi,

vlov 'ApicrjSavTos', AfKo/x^Seos1 e09X6v zralpov. 345

rov 8e TTCCTOVT' eXerjcrev aprftyiXos AU/CO/^^STJ?,

CTT^ Se /xaA' eyyv? icov, /cat aKrovricre Sofpt fiaeiva),

Kal fidXev elTT7Taai8rjv 'A.madova, iroi^lva. Aacov,

^Trap VTTO TrparriScDV, eWap 8' WTTO yowar' eAwaev,

os p* IK riatoviTj? epcâ)XaKos elXrjXovdet,, 350

/cat Se /zer' 'AcrTepoTratot' dpiareveaKe fj,d%6cr9ai,.

TOV Se Trecrovr' eAe7jcrev apTjto

Wvaev 8e /cat o 7Tp6(f>pa>v Aaraouri

aAA' ou Trees' ert etê- cra/cecrcrt yap epâro

earaorcs Trept IlaTpo/cAa), Trpo Se Soupar' eôvro. 355

Ata? yap //,aAa Trdvras e77OJêTO TroAAa /ceAeyaii''

oure TW' eôTTicro) veKpov ;â£ecr$ai avcoyei

oure Ttva Trpo/xaêo-âi 'Aâtaiv eôôv dXXcov,

dXXd /zaA' dp:< ' aura) 8e^8ap:ev, aêSoêv Se jiiaêcrâi •

cos At'a? eVe'reAAe TreAttjpto?, at/xari Se ^^cov 360

Seuero Tropfivpeo), rot S' dyîaTivot

vexpoi oôv TpojCDV /cat UTrep/ieve'coy e

/cat Aavacai/' 01)8' ot yap dvatjucort ye

256


stood by my side, is Zeus, the counsellor mosthigh, our helper in the fight. Wherefore let usmake straight for the Danaans, and let it not beat their ease that they bring to the ships the deadPatroclus."

So spake he, and leapt forth far to the front of theforemost fighters, and there stood. And they rallied,and took their stand with their faces toward theAchaeans. Then Aeneas wounded with a thrust ofhis spear Leocritus, son of Arisbas and valiant com-rade of Lycomedes. And as he fell Lycomedes,dear to Ares, had pity for him, and came and stoodhard by and with a cast of his bright spear smoteApisaon, son of Hippasus, shepherd of the host, inthe liver, below the midriff, and straightway loosedhis knees—Apisaon that was come from out of deep-soiled Paeonia, and next to Asteropaeus was pre-eminent above them all in fight. But as he fellwarlike Asteropaeus had pity for him, and he toorushed onward, fain to fight with the Danaans ;howbeit thereto could he no more avail, for withshields were they fenced in on every side, as theystood around Patroclus, and before them they heldtheir spears. For Aias ranged to and fro amongthem and straitly charged every man; not one, hebade them, should give ground backward from thecorpse, nor yet fight in front of the rest of theAchaeans as one pre-eminent above them all; butstand firm close beside the corpse and do battle handto hand. Thus mighty Aias charged them, and theearth grew wet with dark blood, and the dead fellthick and fast alike of the Trojans and their mightyallies, and of the Danaans ; for these too fought notwithout shedding of blood, howbeit fewer of them

VOL. ii s 257

HOMER

rravporepoi Se TroXv (^Qivvdov êfjiv^vro ydp atei1

aAAÂot? dv' SfjiiXov dAeê/êvat tôVov2 (UTTVV. 365*£}? ot jLtev p,dpvavTO Se/xa? Trvpos

ovre TTOT' rj€\Lov aa>v e/x/zevat oy'reyap Kareftovro ô-XU *-V(/ ocraot3 aptcrroi

earaaav ap^l MevoiTiaSi?ot S' aAAot TpcDe? «at evKvrffuSes 'Aâiot 3706VKr]Xoi TToAe^tôv' WTT' atêpt, rreTrraro S'rjeXiov o£ela, vecfros 8' ou âtVero

dX\TJXa>v dXeeivovres fteXea arovoevra,TroAAov dêcrTaoTe? . rot 8' ei> /iecra) aAye' erracrôv 375iêpt /cat TToAeju-w, retpovro Se vrjXe'i âA/ca)ocrcrot aptcrrot eaav. 8vo 8' ou TTCO 0core TreTrvcrd'iqv ,dvepe Kv8aXip,a)3 ©paavfjiij8r]s 'AvrtAo^ds1 re,Ilarpd/cAoto davovros d^vp,ovo?, dAA' er' e<j)avro^cuov eVt Trpcoro) dp,aSa) Tpcoecro-i fjidêadai. 330TCU 8' eTnoaaofjieva) ddvarov Kal <f)vt,av eraiptovvoofitv efjiapvdaOrjv, eVet cS? eTrereAAero Neortop,orpvvcjv TrdAejU-dvSe peXaivdaiv 0,770 vrja>v.

Tots 8e navrjfjiepiois eptSo? p.eya êi/cos1 opcapetdpyaAe^s" Kapdra) 8e /cat tSpai vtoAe/xes1 atei 335yoward re Kvfjjjiai re rrdSes1 ^' virevepdev e/cdarouêtpes T' o(f>6aXp,oi re TraAdo-crero papvafjievouvdfj,^ dyaQov Oepdirovra TroSco/ceos1 Ata/ci'Sao.cos1 8' 6V dv^p ravpoio /3oo$ p,eydAoto ^SoetTjvAaotcrtv 8a»7^ ravuetv, [Atdvovaav aXoiî]' 390

258

1 Lines 364 f . were rejected by Zenodotus.2 (ôf Aristarchus : irbvw.


by far were falling; for they ever bethought themto ward utter destruction from one another in thethrong.

So fought they like unto blazing fire, nor wouldstthou have deemed that sun or moon yet abode, forwith darkness were they shrouded in the fight, allthe chieftains that stood around the slain son ofMenoetius. But the rest of the Trojans and the well-greaved Achaeans fought at their ease under clearair, and over them was spread the piercing bright-ness of the sun, and on all the earth and the moun-tains was no cloud seen; and they fought restingthemselves at times, avoiding one another's shafts,fraught with groaning, and standing far apart. Butthose in the midst suffered woes by reason of thedarkness and the war, and were sore distressed withthe pitiless bronze, even all they that were chief-tains. Howbeit two men that were famous warriors,evenThrasymedes and Antilochus,had not yet learnedthat peerless Patroclus was dead, but deemed that,yet alive, he was fighting with the Trojans in theforefront of the throng. And they twain, watchingagainst the death and rout of their comrades, werewarring in a place apart, for thus had Nestor biddenthem, when he roused them forth to the battle fromthe black ships.

So then the whole day through raged the greatstrife of their cruel fray, and with the sweat oftoil were the knees and legs and feet of each manbeneath him ever ceaselessly bedewed, and his armsand eyes, as the two hosts fought about the goodlysquire of swift-footed Achilles. And as when a mangiveth to his people the hide of a great bull forstretching, all drenched in fat, and when they have

259

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S' apa roi ye StacrrdWes1 ravvovcnicy/cAdo-', a<f)ap oe re iKâs e)8^, Swet Se r'TToAAcDi' eA/coVron', ravurat Se re rrdcra, Sia>? ot y' eV0a /cat eV#a VZKVV oAty?7 evl X^PI)

• /AttAtt 8e O(f>LaiV €\TT€TO dv{J,OS, 395

epveiv Trporl "lAiov, avrap 'Aâiot?CTTI yXafivpds- rrepl 8' avrov (JitoXos opwpet,

aypios" ouSe' AC' "Aprjs Xaoaaoos ouSe AC' 'Adrjvr)TOV ye iSoucr' ovdcratr', o*5S' ei /AaAa jutv ^dAoj i'/cot.

Totov Zeus' eTTt IlaT/)d/cAa) ai'Spaii' re /cat ITTTTCDV 400iîan rai erdvvaae KaKov TTOVOV, ovS' apa TTCO Ti27§ee IlaTpo/cAov reOvrjora Sto?TroAAov yap p' drrdvevde veaiv fjbdpvavro

WTTO Tpa>tov • TO p:tv ou Trore eATrerodAAa ^CDOV evt^pt/xêvra TrvXycnv 405

a^» aTTOVoaTTjo-etv, eTret ouSe TO eXrrero€K7T€paeiv 7rroXie6pov dvev edev, ov$e avv7roAAa/ct yap TO ye py^Tpos €7T€v9ero voafav aTI 01 aTrayye'AAecr/ce Aio? p.eyaAoto vorjfia.8rj Tore y' ou otf eenre /ca/cov TOCTOV oaaov ervx9r) 410fjLijrrjp, OTTI p'a ot ?roAu <J)iXraros a>Xe6' eralpos-

Ot 8' at'et Trept veKpov aKaêva SoupaT* evojXepes eyxpt/jitTrrovro /cat dAAÂovs1

c58e Se Tt? eiTreoxev 'Aâtco" a) <f)iXoi, ov ndv rjfAiV e'u/cAees1 drroveeadai 415

1 Lines 404-425 were omitted by Zenodotus.1 The simile pourtrays a primitive method of preparing

hides. The hide was soaked in fat, and then stretched, withthe idea, apparently, that the stretching would force the260


taken it, they stand in a circle and stretch it, andforthwith its moisture goeth forth and the fatentereth in under the tugging of many hands, andall the hide is stretched to the uttermost;x even sothey on this side and on that were haling the corpsehither and thither in scant space ; and their heartswithin them were full of hope, the Trojans that theymight drag him to Ilios, but the Achaeans to thehollow ships ; and around him the battle waxedwild, nor could even Ares, rouser of hosts, nor Athene,at sight of that strife have made light thereof, albeittheir anger were exceeding great.

Such evil toil of men and horses did Zeus on thatday strain taut over Patroclus. Nor as yet didgoodly Achilles know aught of Patroclus' death, forafar from the swift ships were they fighting beneaththe wall of the Trojans. Wherefore Achilles neverdeemed in his heart that he was dead, but that hewould return alive, after he had reached even to thegates ; nor yet thought he this in any wise, thatPatroclus would sack the city without him, nay, norwith him, for full often had he heard this from hismother, listening to her privily, whenso she broughthim tidings of the purpose of great Zeus. Howbeitthen his mother told him not how great an evil hadbeen brought to pass, that his comrade, far thedearest, had been slain.

But the others round about the corpse, with sharpspears in their hands, ever pressed on continually,and slew each other. And thus would one of thebrazen-coated Achaeans say : " Friends, no fair fameverily were it for us to return back to the hollow

natural moisture (iV/uds) out of the pores, and make it easyfor the fat to enter in.

261

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vfjas em yXafivpds, aAA* avrov yataTracri j^dvoi • TO i<ev T^MIV d(f)ap TroXv Kepoiov etTi,el TOVTOV TpaSecro"t ^,e^T]oo^Lev tTTTroSayitoio'ivaoru TTOTI cr(j)erepov epvaai /cat /cuSo? apeaât.

rtO? Se Tts au Tpwcov fj,€ya6v{jLa)v auSrjcraor/cev:1 420" cS (f>iXoi,, el Kal fjiolpa Trap* avept TajSe 8a{Jt,rjvaiTrdvras opaJs, ^ TTCO Tt? epcoetVa) 7roAep,oto."

"Qs1 apa Tt£ eiVea/ce, pevos 8' opcraaKcv e/cacrToy.ajj ot jtiev fj,dpvavTO, mS^petos1 8' opup;aySo?XdXKeov ovpavov f/ce St' aldepos drpvyeToto' 4251777701 8' Ata/aSao p^d^s drrdvevQev

>, cTrei Sr) TrpaJTa Trvdeadrjv rjTrecrovros vcf>y "E/CTOpo? dvSpo(f)6voio.

rj fjidv A.i>Top,e8(ov, Atcopeo? a'A/ci/io? vto?,TToAAa juev ap yLtacmyt ^077 eVep:ateTO QzLvaiv, 430TToAAa Se yu.eiAt^t'oto't TrpoarjvBa, iroXXd 8' apeiT]'TO> 8' OUT* ctt/r eTTt vryas1 eTTt TrXarvv 'l&XXrjaTrovTov^deXerrjv levai OUT' e? TroAeôi' /xeT* 'Aâtou?,a.AA' o;? TC arrjXr) [level e/j,7re8ov, rj T' eVt rvfji^codvepos eartJKrj redvyoros r)e yuvatKroj, 435co? fjievov acHpoiXzcos TTept/caAAea buppovov$€L €ViOKLfj,ifjavT€ KCLpr/aTO,' ftdftpvo. Se CT'deppd Kara ^\€^>dpa>v ââSts1 p'eerjvioxoio TToOa) • daXeprj 8' ep:tatVeTO xat/T7?

fj,vpo[j,evw 8' apa TCU ye tSwt' e'AeTjcre Kpovicov,Kwijcras Se /capry Trpori ov fjivdrâaro dvôv'd SetAoj. Tt a(t>(t)'i Souev IlTiATî' dVa/CTt

•* r * I I

fivrpG), v/jiels 8' ecrTov dyrjpa) r* ddavdrco re;77 tva SucTTTyvotcrt ytteT5 avSpaow a'Aye' e^rof; 445 ,

1 Line 420 was rejected by Aristarchus.262


ships ; nay, even here let the black earth gape forus all. That were for us straightway better far, ifwe are to yield this man to the Trojans, tamers ofhorses, to hale to their city, and win them glory."

And thus in like manner would one of the great-hearted Trojans speak : " Friends, though it be ourfate all together to be slain beside this man, yet letnone give backward from the fight."

Thus would one speak and arouse the might ofeach. So they fought on, and the iron din went up.through the unresting air to the brazen heaven.But the horses of the son of Aeacus being apartfrom the battle were weeping, since first they learnedthat their charioteer had fallen in the dust beneaththe hands of man-slaying Hector. In sooth Auto-medon, valiant son of Diores, full often plied themwith blows of the swift lash, and full often with gentlewords bespake them, and oft with threatenings ; yetneither back to the ships to the broad Hellespontwere the twain minded to go, not yet into the battleamid the Achaeans. Nay, as a pillar abideth firmthat standeth on the tomb of a dead man or woman,even so abode they immovably with the beauteouscar, bowing their heads down to the earth. Andhot tears ever flowed from their eyes to the ground,as they wept in longing for their charioteer, andtheir rich manes were befouled, streaming frombeneath the yoke-pad beside the yoke on this sideand on that. And as they mourned, the son ofCronos had sight of them and was touched with pity,and he shook his head, and thus spake unto his ownheart: " Ah unhappy pair, wherefore gave we youto king Peleus, to a mortal, while ye are ageless andimmortal ? Was it that among wretched men ye

263

HOMER

ov |U,eV yap ri rrov Icrriv o'C^vpcorepov oVSpo?Travrcov oacra re yaiav em Trvet'et re /cat epTrei.aAA' ov fjiav vfjuv ye /cat app:acrt SatSaAeotcriv"E/crtop IIpiap.iSTj? eTToâerai • ou yap eacrco.77 ou^; d'Ais1 tos /<ai reuê' eêt /cat eVeuêrat CLVTCDS ; 450a<j)0)iv 8' eV yowecrcrt ^SaAco /xevos1 ^S' evt Ovpa),o<f>pa Kal AuTO/ie'Sovra aawcrerov eK TroAe/xoto

eVt yAaûpa?' ert yap cr^tcrt /cuSo? opeâ),els o /ce vâ? evaraeXôvs afiiKCDvrai,

8vr) T' êAto? /cat eVt Kvecfras lepov eXdy." 455"O? eiTTUJV LTTTTOiaiV €Ve7TV€VaeV /Z6VO? Û.1

TO> 8' CXTTO âtracov Kovirjv ouSacrSe jSpt/iâ <f>€pov 6oov apjU-a /iera TpcDa? /cat 'roicrt §' CTT' Ayro/êScov /Aaêr' a^vv/zevos' Trep erat-

pou,t7T77ots' oacro)v co? T atyfvrtos pêra x*Jvas' 460p'ea p,ev yap êuyecr/cev UTTG/C Tpcucov dpyp:aySoiJ,peia 8' eTratâcr/ce TroAw /ca^' o/JuXov oaAA' ou^; i^'pet ^cora?, ore creuatro Sicu

/» »ot> yap 770)? ?)v otov eovu tepa; evteyêt efioppaaQaL /cat eTTtcrêtv c5/cea? tTTTrous". 465o«/(6 Se 87) p.tv eralpos dvr/p t'Sev o<f)9aXfjiol(nv

', uto? Aaep/ceo? Ai//,on'Sao •8' 07TL0€V Oi(f)pOLO, Kal AvTOpeftoVTCL TTpOCFiqvSa'

" AuTO/xeSov, rt? Tot w êaiv v^/cepSe'a ôvXrjvev CFTiqdeaoiv edrjK€, Kal eêXero (frpevas ecrdXds; 470otov rrpos Tptoas p:aêat Trpcurco ev 6/jiiXto

1 ivtirvevaev ^vos ifi) : /ufros Tro\v6apffts tvyjKev Zenodotus,who also added the line,

Gti/r6s 6' Qtf\vfj.irt>vde per' a,6a,vd,Toi(n |3e^37j/cet,

264


too should have sorrows ? For in sooth there isnaught, I ween, more miserable than man among allthings that breathe and move upon earth. Yetverily not upon you and your car, richly-dight, shallHector, Priam's son, mount; that will I not suffer.Sufficeth it not that he hath the armour and there-withal vaunteth him vainly ? Nay, in your kneesand in your heart will I put strength, to the end thatye may also bear Automedon safe out of the war tothe hollow ships ; for still shall.I vouchsafe glory tothe Trojans, to slay and slay, until they come to thewell-benched ships, and the sun sets and sacreddarkness cometh on."

So saying he breathed great might into the horses.And the twain shook the dust from their manes tothe ground, and fleetly bare the swift car amid theTrojans and Achaeans. And behind them foughtAutomedon, albeit he sorrowed for his comrade,swooping with his car as a vulture on a flock ofgeese, for lightly would he flee from out the battle-din of the Trojans, and lightly charge, setting uponthem through the great throng. Howbeit no manmight he slay as he hasted to pursue them, for in nowise was it possible for him, being alone in the sacred x

car, to assail them with the spear, and withal to holdthe swift horses. But at last a comrade espied himwith his eyes, even Alcimedon, son of Laerces, sonof Haemon, and he halted behind the chariot andspake unto Automedon : " Automedon, what godhath put in thy breast unprofitable counsel and takenfrom thee thy heart of understanding, that thus inthe foremost throng thou tightest with the Trojans,

1 The car is " sacred," possibly as being drawn byimmortal horses.

265

HOMER

IJLOVVO?' drdp rot eratyoo? aTreVraro, reuêa B

avros e' ajv a)fJLOiaiv ayaAAerat Ata/ci'Sao."Tof 8' avr' AvTO[j,€$wv Trpoaefir}, Aitopeos vios'

" 'AA/a'/>ieSoi>, TI'S yap rot 'AâtcDv aAAos1 O/JLOLOS 475imraiv adavdra>v l-î^v Sf^rjaiv re /MeVoj re,et /zi) IlaT/oo/cAos, 6e6<f>iv fJLrjcrra)p araXavros,t,a)os ea)V ; vvv av 8dvaros KaAAa av fj,ev /mcmya Kal fyiaSeât, eyco 8' LTTTTCOV aTro^TJaofjtai, 6(f)pa fj,dxa>/j,ai,." 480

"D? eâr', 'AA/ci/ieSw^ §e fiorjdoov app eTropovaasKap7raAi{J,a>s [^dcrriya Kal rjvia Aaêro ^paLv,AvTOp,e8a>v S' d-n-opovore. vo^cre Se (f>ai8ifj,os "E/c-

8' Pdveiav Trpo(re<f)an>€ev eyyvs eo" AiVeta, Tpaxov fiovXrjffrope aXKo^riiyvwv , 485tTTTrci) rco8' evoujcra 7To8a)K€os AlaKiSao6$ TToXeôv Trpofiavevre avv r\vioyoiai /ca/cotcrt •rco /cei/ I^XTTOI^TIV atprjaefêv, el av ye OvfJiaJaa) edeXeis, €7rel OVK av e<f>op[ji,'r]devT€ ye vG)'irXaiev evavrifliov ardvres âêaaaOai "Apr/'C." 490

"D? €(f>ar', ouS' aTridrjaev evs Trat?TOJ 8' iî)? firjTrjv fioeris elXvpeva) a>fj,ovsavyai CTTepefjcri- TroXvs S' eTreA-Âarorotcrt 8' a/xa Xpo/it'o? re /cat "Ap^ro?rjia'av a/xôrepot • jj,d\a 8e afyiaiv eATrero dvpos 495aurco re Kreveew eXdav r' eptauêva? ITTTTOVS-VTJTTLOI, ouS' a/o' epeXXov avat/zwrt ye veeadaiavns arr' Ayroê'Sovro?. o 8' ev^d^vos Att Trarpl

266


alone as thou art ? For thy comrade hath beenslain, and his armour Hector weareth on his ownshoulders, even the armour of the son of Aeacus,and glorieth therein."

To him then made answer Automedon, son ofDiores : " Alcimedon, what man beside of theAchaeans is of like worth to curb and guide thespirit of immortal steeds, save only Patroclus, thepeer of the gods in counsel, while yet he lived ? Butnow death and fate have come upon him. Howbeittake thou the lash and the shining reins, and I willdismount to fight."

So spake he, and Alcimedon leapt upon the carthat was swift in battle, and quickly grasped inhis hands the lash and reins ; and Automedonleapt down. And glorious Hector espied them,and forthwith spake to Aeneas, that was near :" Aeneas, counsellor of the brazen-coated Trojans,yonder I espy the two horses of the swift-footed sonof Aeacus coming forth to view into the battle withweakling charioteers. These twain might I hope totake, if thou in thy heart art willing, seeing the menwould not abide the oncoming of us two, and standto contend with us in battle."

So spake he, and the valiant son of Anchises failednot to hearken. And the twain went straight for-ward, their shoulders clad with shields of bull's-hide,dry and tough, and abundant bronze had been weldedthereupon. And with them went Chromius, andgodlike Aretus both, and their hearts within themwere full of hope to slay the men and drive off thehorses with high-arched necks—fools that they were !for not without shedding of blood were they to getthem back from Automedon. He made prayer to

267

HOMER

dA/c7?s" Kal aOevcos TrXfjTOavTLKa 8' 'AA/a/ze'Sovra Trpocrrjvfta, TTLOTOV eraipov 500" 'AA/ap,eSov, jM^ 877 /zot dnoTrpodev lo-ê/zev ITTTTOVS,

dXXd /zdA* e/zTryetWre fj,eTa(f)p€va) • ov yap eya> ye"E/cropa HpiapiSyv /ieveo? crj^crecrflai ota>,7T/otV y' eTr' 'A^tAA-ôs1 /caAAtrptê /3TJfj,evcu, ITTTTO}v&'i KaraKreivavra, <ô^7ycrai re crrtâ? dvSpcSt' 505'Apyetcov, ' «' auras' evi irpwroiaw aXolt]."

"D? eiTrwv Al'avre /caAecroraro Acat Meve'Aaot'*" AI'CU>T', 'Apyetcov rjyTJTope, Kal Meve'Aae,^ TOl /A6V TOV V€KpOV eTTlTpaTTtd' O* 7T€p CtplCTTOt,

d/x^' aura) /8e/?d/zei' /cat a^vveaOoa aTtâs" dvSpcD^, 510i/a>iV 8e £,woiaw afjivvere vyXees rfîap'T/ySe yap eppivav TroAe/zov Kara Sa/cpuocvra"E/crwp AtVeia? ^', ot Tpa)0)v elalv dpiaroi.dAA' ^ rot p:ei/ raura êa)v et< yowacri /cetrat*• 'crco yap Kat eyco, rd 8e icev Att Trdvra /jLeXrjaei." 515

' H pa, /cat dfj,7T€7TaX(l)v Trpoiet SoAtôa/ctov eyôj,/cat |8aAer 'Ap^roto /car' dcTTrt'Sa Travrocr' eiat]vr) 8' OT)/C eyôs1 epuro, StaTrpo Se etcraroveiaipr) §' eV yacrrpt Std

t (JJ W > « > > \ >/ /\ > V /.. J / _^...ws1 o or av ofi»v e^wv TreAe/cuv ai^rjios avrjp, 520/co0a? €£6mdev Kepdaiv POOS olypauAoto,fva rdjUTj Sid Trdaav, 6 8e 7rpodopd>v epLTrrjaiv,a>s dp' o ye 7rpodopd>v ireoev VTTTLOS' ev Se ot eyô?vrjSvioiai /zdA' o^-u Kpa8aiv6fj,evov Aye yma."E/crwp 8' AvrofJL€OOvros aKovriae oovpl âetva)- 525

268


father Zeus, and his dark heart within him wasfilled with valour and strength; and forthwithhe spake to Alcimedon, his trusty comrade :" Alcimedon, not afar from me do thou hold thehorses, but let their breath smite upon my veryback; for I verily deem not that Hector, son ofPriam, will be stayed from his fury until he mountbehind the fair-maned horses of Achilles, and haveslain the two of us, and driven in rout the ranks ofthe Argive warriors, or haply himself be slain amidthe foremost."

So spake he, and called to the two Aiantes and toMenelaus : " Ye Aiantes twain, leaders of theArgives, and thou Menelaus, lo now, leave ye thecorpse in charge of them that are bravest to standfirm about it and to ward off the ranks of men ;but from us twain that yet live ward ye off the pitilessday of doom, for here are pressing hard in tearfulwar Hector and Aeneas, the best men of the Trojans.Yet these things verily lie on the knees of the gods :I too will cast, and the issue shall rest with Zeus,"

He spake, and poised his far-shadowing spearand hurled it, and smote upon the shield of Aretus,that was well-balanced upon every side, and thisstayed not the spear, but the bronze passed cleanthrough, and into the lower belly he drave it throughthe belt. And as when a strong man with sharpaxe in hand smiteth behind the horns of an ox ofthe steading and cutteth clean through the sinew,and the ox leapeth forward and falleth ; even soAretus leapt forward and fell upon his back, andthe spear, exceeding sharp, fixed quivering in hisentrails loosed his limbs. But Hector cast atAutomedon with his bright spear, howbeit he,

269

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dAA' o p,ev avra I8<l)v rjXevaro•npoaaat yap /care/cuj/re, TO 8' eômOev SdpuouSei eviaKifj,(j)9rj, em 8' ovpia%os TreXefjiiêyêos" eV0a 8' eVetr' a<^tei //.evo? o/Jpt/zos1

/cat vv «:e 817 ftêecrcr' aurocrêSov opfirjOrjTiqv 530et /X7y cr<â)' Ai'avre SieKpivaot p' rjXdov KaO' o/AtAov eraipovTOVS V7TOTap/3rjaravT€S eâJp^crav irdXw

AtVeta? T* i)Se XpOjU.tos'Se /car* au0i AiVov SeSaiy/zevot' r/rop, 535

Keifj,€vov Auro/zeScDv Se ôa) araAa^TO? "A-prj'Crevved r* eêvdpiê /cat euô/xevos1 eTro? vjvSa'" r\ 817 jitoU> dAtyov ye MevoirtaSao 8av6vro$KTJP aêo? jMeê'^/ca êpetova vrep KaraTrefocbv."

n£ls elTrwv es Sifipov eXcov evapa fiporoevTa 540c', av 8' awros1 e)8aive TroSas1 /cat êtpa? vnepOev

s rt? re Aecov /card ravpov e8rj8a)s."Atjt 8' e?rt Ilarpo/cAa» reraro Kpareprj v

dpyaXerj TroXvSaKpvs, eyeipe Se vet/co? 'ovpav66ev Kara/Sacra- rrpofJKe yap evpvorra Zeus'1 545opvvp.evaL Aavao^s" 817 yap vooj erpaTrer' avroy.Tûre 7Top(f>vp€r]v Ipiv dvriroLOi Tavvovr]Zevs ef ovpav66ev, repas e)u,/xei/at r) TroAe/ioio,^ /cat êtpiajvos1 8vcr6aX7T€o$, 05 pa re epyajvdvdpa)7TOVs dv€7rava€v CTTI xQovl, (j,fjXa Se /oySet, 550to? 17 7TOp(f)vper) ve<f)eXr) Tru/cacraaa e avrrjvSucrer' 'Aâtcov e6vos, eyetpe 8e âira e/cacrrov.

8' 'Arpeo? ftw eTrorpvvovaaMeveAaov, o yap p'a ot eyyvOev1 Line 545 was rejected by Zenodotus.

1 In strange contrast to our feeling, the rainbow suggested270


looking steadily at him, avoided the spear ofbronze, for he stooped forward, and the long spearfixed itself in the ground behind him, and the buttof the spear quivered ; howbeit there at length didmighty Ares stay its fury. And now had they clashedwith their swords in close fight but that the twainAiantes parted them in their fury, for they camethrough the throng at the call of their comrade, andseized with fear of them Hector and Aeneas andgodlike Chromius gave ground again and left Aretuslying there stricken to the death. And Automedon,the peer of swift Ares, despoiled him of his armour,and exulted, saying : " Verily a little have I easedmine heart of grief for the death of Menoetius' son,though it be but a worse man that I have slain."

So saying, he took up the bloody spoils, and setthem in the car, and himself mounted thereon, hisfeet and his hands above all bloody, even as a lionthat hath devoured a bull.

Then again over Patroclus was strained taut themighty conflict, dread and fraught with tears, andAthene roused the strife, being come down fromheaven ; for Zeus, whose voice is borne afar, had senther to urge on the Danaans, for lo, his mind wasturned. As Zeus stretcheth forth for mortals a lurid *rainbow from out of heaven to be a portent whetherof war or of chill storm that maketh men to ceasefrom their work upon the face of the earth, andvexeth the flocks; even so Athene, enwrapping herselfin a lurid cloud, entered the throng of the Danaans,and urged on each man. First to hearten him shespake to Atreus' son, valiant Menelaus, for he was

to the Greek no thought of cheer; it was rather a portentboding ill; cf. xi. 28.

271

HOMER

(Doivt/ct Senas' /cat dretpea (fx^vi^v 655

" crot juev 877, MeveAae, Karrjêirj Kal ovetSo?

ecrcrerai, ei /c' 'A^tAô? dyauou Tnarov iralpov

ret'êt UTTO Tpc6coi> ranees' /ewe? eA/C

dAA' e' eo Kparep&s, orpvve Sc Aaov

8* aure TrpocreetTre /Joi^v dyaô? MeveAaos- 560

", arra yepate TraAatyeve?, et yap ^

Kapros efjioi, /JeAe'tuv 8' airepVKOt,

rco ACCV eyai y* eOeAoifjii TrapeaTCt/xevai /ecu

HarpoKAaj4 judAa yap ;ue davwv eae^doaaro

dAA' "E/crcop irvpos alvov €.-^61 /zevo?, ouS' aTToA^yet 565

\a\Kw ^rfiowv ra> yap Zeu? /cu

°Q? <f>a.TO, yr\Bf\a&> 8e êa

OTTI pa 01 Tra/ATrpcora êcov riprjaaro TTOLVTCOV.

ev 8e jStTjv aj//,otat /cat e^ yoweomv e^rj/ce,

/cai ot fj,vir]s Odpcros evl arijdecraiv €vf)K€v, 570

17 re Kat epyo/AevTy //.cxAa Trep %po6? d^Spo/xeoto

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V7T6K Tpaxjuv epucrev /ieTa £6vos eraipajv.272


nigh to her, likening herself to Phoenix, in form anduntiring voice : " To thee, verily, Menelaus, shallthere be shame and a hanging of the head, if thetrusty comrade of lordly Achilles be torn by swiftdogs beneath the wall of the Trojans. Nay, holdthy ground valiantly, and urge on all the host."

Then Menelaus, good at the war-cry, answeredher : " Phoenix, old sire, my father of ancient days,would that Athene may give me strength and keepfrom me the onrush of darts. So should I be fullfain to stand by Patroclus' side and succour him ;for in sooth his death hath touched me to the heart.Howbeit, Hector hath the dread fury of fire, andceaseth not to make havoc with the bronze ; for it isto him that Zeus vouchsafeth glory."

So spake he, and the goddess, flashing-eyed Athene,waxed glad, for that to her first of all the gods hemade his prayer. And she put strength into hisshoulders and his knees, and in his breast set thedaring of the fly, that though it be driven away neverso often from the skin of a man, ever persisteth inbiting, and sweet to it is the blood of man ; even withsuch daring rilled she his dark heart within him, andhe stood over Patroclus and hurled with his brightspear. Now among the Trojans was one Podes, sonof Ee'tion, a rich man and a valiant, and Hectorhonoured him above all the people, for that he washis comrade, a welcome companion at the feast.Him, fair-haired Menelaus smote upon the belt witha spear cast as he started to flee, and drave thebronze clean through ; and he fell with a thud.But Menelaus, son of Atreus, dragged the deadbody from amid the Trojans into the throng of hiscomrades.

VOL. n T 273

HOMER

' eyyvdev lardfjievos wrpvvev 'evaXiyKLOs, os ol

(fiiXraros eaKev, 'Ap\>Sd0i oi/cia valcovTO) /ziv eeicra/ievo? 7rpoaecf>r] e/caepyo? 'ATrdAAwv2 585" "E/<Top, Tts Ke cr* er' aAAo? 'AâtcDv rap^cr^Lev ;olov $r) MeveAaov inrerpeaas , os TO irdpos yepaXdaKos al%[j,r]Tr)s • vvv 8' otêrat ofo? aeipasV€KpOV V7T6K TpOiOJV, CFOV 8' CACTaVf TTWTOV CTOLpOV,

ea6X6v evt Trpop.aôicn, T[oSr}v, vlov 'Heruoyos." 590nQ? 0CXTO, TOV 8' aêo? vefieXr) e/caAui/'e ^teAatva,

jSiy 8e Sta 7Tpofjid)â)v KtKopvdfjievos aWoTri âA/ca>./cat TOT' apa K/xmS^s" e'AeT5 aty/Sa dvacravoeaaavfjLapfJiap^v, "ISrjv 8e Acara. veêeocrt /caAut/rev,aorpa0a? Se /zaAa jiteyaA' e/cruTre, r^3 8' crtVaê, 595viK.f]v Se Tpcoecrat St'Sou, €(f)6^rjae 8' 'Aâtous1.

ripcoro? IlTjveAecos' BotcoTto? ^pê (f>6/3oio.PXfjro yap wfjiov Sovpi TTpoaoj TeTpa/xyu.eVos' atetaKpov €7nXiy^7jv ypdi/Jtv Se 01 oarzov &XPl's

c5 yap p ' e/3aAe crêSov eXdwv . 600

VLOV 'AAe/CTpuovoy ju,eyaû/iot>, Traucre 8erpeaae Se TraTrryvas, eTret OVKCTL eiWeTOeyô? e^ci))/ ev %et/3t /ua^creo-ât T/ot6ecrcrtv."E/cropa S' 'ISoju.eveus' jU,eTa A^lVot' op^devra, 605/8ej8A7j/cet 6a)prjKa Kara arrjOos Trapa paôvzv KavXa> 8' e'ayi SoAiôv Sopy, roi 8e /36r)aav

1 Line 582 was given by Zenodotus in the form,"EKTOpa 5e (fipeva 5ios "Apr/s brpvve /uereX^cic,

2 Line 585 is omitted in the best MSS.8 TTJC : 7^ Zenodotus.

1 There is so little flesh above the shoulder-blade thateven a grazing blow would cut " even to the bone."274


Then unto Hector did Apollo draw nigh, andurged him on, in the likeness of Asius' son Phaenops,that of all his guest-friends was dearest to him, andhad his house at Abydus. In his likeness Apollothat worketh afar spake unto Hector : " Hector,what man beside of the Achaeans will fear thee anymore, seeing thou hast thus quailed before Menelaus,who aforetime was a weakling warrior ? Now withnone to aid him hath he taken the dead from outthe ranks of the Trojans and is gone—aye, he hathslain thy trusty comrade, a good man among theforemost fighters, even Podes, son of Eetion."

So spake he, and a black cloud of grief enwrappedHector, and he strode amid the foremost fighters,harnessed in flaming bronze. And then the son ofCronos took his tasselled aegis, all gleaming bright,and enfolded Ida with clouds, and lightened and thun-dered mightily, and shook the aegis, giving victoryto the Trojans, but the Achaeans he drave in rout.

First to begin the rout was Peneleos the Boeotian.For as he abode ever facing the foe he was smittenon the surface of the shoulder with a spear, a grazingblow, but the spear-point of Polydamas cut even tothe bone,1 for he it was that cast at him from nigh athand. And Leitus again, the son of great-souledAleetryon, did Hector wound in close fight, on thehand at the wrist, and made him cease from fighting :and casting an anxious glance about him he shrankback, seeing he no more had hope that bearing spearin hand he might do battle with the Trojans. Andas Hector pursued after Leitus, Idomeneus smotehim upon the corselet, on the breast beside thenipple ; but the long spear-shaft was broken in thesocket, and the Trojans shouted aloud. And Hector

275

HOMER

Tpooe?. o 8' 'ISofjLevfjos a/cdvricre Aet>/caAi'8ao8i(j>pa) IfacrTaoTos ' TOV p-eV p" OLTTO rvrdov ayavrap 6 M^jOtdrao oVaova 6' ^vioôv re, 610KotpaVOV, OS p ' €K A.VKTOV €VKTlfJi€VrjS €7T€T* CLVTOt —

Trends yap TO, Trpcora XITCWV veas a^^teAtcrffa?rjXvde, Kai K€ Tpwcri jueya Kpdros eyyuaAtêv,el (J,r) Koi'/oavos c5/ca TroScoKrea? r\\aoev ZTTTTOVS'/cat TO) /êv ^>ao? rjXOev, ap,vve Se vyXees rjâp, 615auras' S' wAeae 6vfj,6v v(f>* "E/cropo? av8rov ^8aA' y-TTo yvadfj,olo /cat ovaros, e/c 8' ap' d(Sere 8opu TrpvfjLvov, Sta 8e yAtocrcrav' rap;erjpL7T€ 8' e^- oê'cov, /cara 8' T]^ta X€^€V ^/°a£e'/cat ra ye M^ptovT]? e'Aa^Sev êtpecrcrt ^t'Ar^crt 620Kvi[fas €K TreStoto, /cat 'ISojLtevâ TTpoa-rjvSa'" p,dari€ vvv, rjos /ce Poets' e?7t vâs1 t/cTjat.ytyvcocr/cet? Se /cat auros1 o T' ow/cert /capro? 'Aâiaiv."

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8e Av6a)v r e t e a ? TeAap:coi>to£ At'as"to 7TO7701, TJ p:e /ce /cat o? p.aa vTTTtos1 ecrrt

yvoit] ort Tpc6eoxrt Trarrjp Zeu? auro? ap^yet. 630ev yap Trdvratv p°e'Ae' airrzrai, os rt? ^

/ca/cos- ^ aya^ds" Zeu? 8' €^-nt]s navr* Idvv 8' avrojs Tfaaiv erojata TrtTrret e'pa£e.

dAA' ayer' aurot 77-ep (/>pa£top.e$a

1 This rendering takes Trpv/j.vbv as an adverb. To take itas an adjective in agreement with Sopi; and to render " thespear-end," seems impossible, as the phrase would naturallymean " the butt-end."276


cast at Idomeneus, Deucalion's son, as he stood uponhis car, and missed him by but little ; howbeit hesmote Coeranus the comrade and charioteer ofMeriones that followed him from out of well-builtLyctus—for on foot had Idomeneus come at thefirst from the curved ships, and would have yieldedgreat victory to the Trojans, had not Coeranusspeedily driven up the swift-footed horses. Thus toIdomeneus he came as a light of deliverance, andwarded from him the pitiless day of doom, but him-self lost his life at the hands of man-slaying Hector—this Coeranus did Hector smite beneath the jawunder the ear, and the spear dashed out his teeth bythe roots,1 and clave his tongue asunder in the midst;and he fell from out the car, and let fall the reinsdown upon the ground. And Meriones stooped, andgathered them in his own hands from the earth, andspake to Idomeneus : " Ply now the lash, until thoube come to the swift ships. Lo, even of thyself thouknowest that victory is no more with the Achaeans."

So spake he, and Idomeneus lashed the fair-maned horses back to the hollow ships; for verilyfear had fallen upon his soul.

Nor were great-hearted Aias and Menelaus un-aware how that Zeus was giving to the Trojans victoryto turn the tide of battle ; and of them greatTelamonian Aias was first to speak, saying : " Outupon it, now may any man, how foolish so ever hebe, know that father Zeus himself is succouring theTrojans. For the missiles of all of them strike home,whosoever hurleth them, be he brave man or coward:Zeus in any case guideth them all aright; but for usthe shafts of every man fall vainly to the ground.Nay, come, let us of ourselves devise the counsel

277

HOMER

OTTOI? rov vtxpov epvocrojAGV, rjde /cat auToi 635(f>L\ois erdpotcrt yevw/meda voarrfoavres,

ot TTOU Seup' opoojvres djoêSaT', ouS' eVt (f>aalv"E/CTopos1 dv$po(j)6voio p,€vos Kal êtpa? daTTTou?

dAA' eV vr]val /ubfXaivrjmv Trecreecrât.8' o? TI? eTatpo? aTrayyetAete rd^tcrTa 640

e-Tret ou //.ti' dto/zat ouSe 7T6TrvaOaiXvyprjs dyyeXirjs, 6Vt ot SiXos cuAe^' Iralpos.dAA' ou 7717 ovvafjiai tSeetv roiovrov 'Aâtcoi''•êpt yap Karôvrat, opaJs auTot Te /cat ITTTTOI.Zeu Trdrep, dXXa o~v pvcrat, UTT' fjepos vla$ 'Aâtai^, 645TToirjaov 8' aWpf]v, 00$ 8' 6(pdaX[j,OLcriv loeadai'ev oe (f>dei /cat oXecraov, eTret jû TOI eu'aSev ouTCos1.'

"Q? <j)dro, rov oe TtaTTjp oXo<f>vpaTo Sd/cpuavriKa 8' Têpa /iei> OKeoaaev Kal drroMjevrjeXios 8' e77e'Aa/zi/re, f*>d)(r) 8' eVt Tracra (fradvdrj. 650/cat TOT' dp' At'as1 etTre /3or]V dyadov MeêAaoi

vw, MeveAac StOTpeê?, at KeyIT* 'AvTt'Aoôv, [JieyaQvfjiOV NecrTopo?

orpvvov 8' 'A^tA^f Sa'typovi Oacraov toWa€L7T£iV OTTl pd Ot TToAl) ^tATttTO? dJAe^' CTatpOS. ' 655

rtOs" e(j)ar', o?5S' aTTt^Tjae fiorjv dya6o$/3rj 8' tevat to? TI? TC Aeojv CTTO p.eoxray'Aoio,o? T' eTret dp /ce /cd/xiât Kvvas T' dvSpa? T' epe$t<ot Te p,tv ov/c etaicrt fio&v e'/c Trmp eXeadatTfdvvvôi typTJaaovres' o Se Kpeicov eparitcovIdvet, dAA' ou Tt Trpijcraei' 9a[j,€es yapdvriov dtaaovai dpaoeida>v drro278


that is best, whereby we may both hale away thecorpse, and ourselves return home for the joy of ourdear comrades, who methinks are sore distressed asthey look hither-ward, and deem that the fury andthe irresistible hands of man-slaying Hector will notbe stayed, but will fall upon the black ships. But Iwould there were some comrade to bear word with allspeed to the son of Peleus, for methinks he hath noteven heard the woeful tale, that his dear comrade isslain. Howbeit, nowhere can I see such a one amongthe Achaeans, for in darkness are they all enwrapped,themselves and their horses withal. Father Zeus,deliver thou from the darkness the sons of theAchaeans, and make clear sky, and grant us to seewith our eyes. In the light do thou e'en slay us,seeing such is thy good pleasure."

So spake he, and the Father had pity on him ashe wept, and forthwith scattered the darkness anddrave away the mist, and the sun shone forth uponthem and all the battle was made plain to view.Then Aias spake unto Menelaus, good at the war-cry : " Look forth now, Menelaus, nurtured of Zeus,if so be thou mayest have sight of Antilochus yetalive, son of great-souled Nestor, and bestir thou himto go with speed unto Achilles, wise of heart, to tellhim that his comrade, far the dearest, is slain."

So spake he, and Menelaus, good at the war-cry,failed not to hearken, but went his way as a lionfrom a steading when he waxeth weary with vexingdogs and men that suffer him not to seize the fattestof the herd, watching the whole night through ; buthe in his lust for flesh goeth straight on, yet accom-plisheth naught thereby, for thick the darts fly tomeet him, hurled by bold hands, and blazing brands

279

HOMER

Kai6[j,evai re Serai, rds re rpei eaavfj,€vosrj&Qev 8' drrov6o(f)iv €/3r) rertTjort Ovât'a>s OLTTO IlaTpo/cAoio /3or)v dya96s MeveAaos 665rjie TrdAA' deKCDV rrepl yap Ste [MTJ \iiv 'AâtotapyaiXeov rrpo <f)6f3oio eXcop S^tbiat \irroizv.TToAAa Se M7]ptwi7 re /cat AiavTecrcr' errereAAev" Atavr', 'Apyeicuv rj-yrjrope, Mrjptov^ re,vw TI? evrjeiys HarpoKXrjos SetAoto 670fjivrjadcrOa)' rrdaw yap errioTaro /zetAiôs1 efvat^ct>o? eaSi/- rw au Qdvaros KOL polpa /ctâvet."

nQ? apa (frwvriaas drrefi-r) £avdo$ Mere'Aaos1,Tfdvrooe Trarrraivaiv ajs T* aieros1, ov pa re <f>aatvo£vrarov SepKeadai vrrovpavlaiv Trererjvcov, 6756V re /cat vipoQ* eovra rroSas ra^vs OVK eXadc rrra)£0dfj,vq) UTT' d//,^t/cd/z.a) /caraKetyU-evo?, aAAa T' e?r' auraieoovro, /cat re //.tv cu/ca Xafiojv e'êtAeroa>s rare crot, Mei/e'Aae 8iorpe<f)es, oaaerrdvrooe Sweiadrjv rfoXecov Kara edvos eralpaiv, ggQet Troy Neffro/jos1 ftw ert £a)ovra t'Sotro.rov Se /zaA' aii/f' evorjcre fjidx^S eV' dpiarepa irdarjsdapavvovd' zrapovs /cat errorpvvovra /u,aêcr$ai,dyôi; 8' iardfjievos Trpoore^rj £av&os Mei/eAao?1

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on nf^â 0eos Aavaoicrt KSe TpaxDV" 7T€(f)arat S' ojpiaros '

/ieyaA^ Se 770^17 Aavaotcrt re'ru/crai. 690280


withal, before which he quaileth, how eager soeverhe be, and at dawn he departeth with sullen heart;even so from Patroclus departed Menelaus, good atthe war-cry, sorely against his will; for exceedinglydid he fear lest the Achaeans in sorry rout shouldleave him to be a prey to the foemen. And manya charge laid he on Meriones and the Aiantes,saying : " Ye Aiantes twain, leaders of the Argives,and them, Meriones, now let each man remember thekindliness of hapless Patroclus ; for to all was he evergentle while yet he lived, but now death and fatehave come upon him."

So saying fair-haired Menelaus departed, glancingwarily on every side as an eagle, which, men say, haththe keenest sight of all winged things under heaven, ofwhom, though he be on high, the swift-footed hareis not unseen as he croucheth beneath a leafy bush,but the eagle swoopeth upon him and forthwithseizeth him, and robbeth him of life. Even so then,Menelaus, nurtured of Zeus, did thy bright eyesrange everywhither over the throng of thy manycomrades, if so be they might have sight of Nestor'sson yet alive. Him he marked full quickly on theleft of the whole battle, heartening his comrades andurging them on to fight. And drawing nigh fair-haired Menelaus spake to him, saying : " Antilochus,up, come hither, thou nurtured of Zeus, that thoumayest learn woeful tidings, such as I would hadnever been. Even now, I ween, thou knowest, forthine eyes behold it, how that a god rolleth ruinupon the Danaans, and that victory is with the menof Troy. And slain is the best man of the Achaeans,even Patroclus, and great longing for him is wroughtfor the Danaans. But do thou with speed run to the

281

HOMER

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"Q? e'(/>ar , 'AimAoôs Se KarearvyeaKovaas '

SrjV 8e jiitv dâairj eTrecov Aa^Se, rcb 8e' ot ocrcre 6958a/cpud<^t TrXfjaOev, OaXeprj 8e' ot ecrêrodAA' oyS' to? MeveAaoi) e^ôavvrjSTy Se Oeeiv, TO, 8e revê' d/JiV[ji,oviAaoSoKW, o? ot crêSov earptfa [juwvvxas imrovs.

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282


ships of the Achaeans and bear word unto Achilles,in hope that he may forthwith bring safe to his shipthe corpse—the naked corpse; but his armour isheld by Hector of the flashing helm."

So spake he, and Antilochus had horror, as heheard that word. Long time was he speechless, andboth his eyes were filled with tears, and the flow ofhis voice was checked. Yet not even so was heneglectful of the bidding of Menelaus, but set himto run, and gave his armour to his peerless comradeLaodocus, that hard beside him was wheeling hissingle-hoofed horses.

Him then as he wept his feet bare forth from outthe battle, to bear an evil tale to Peleus' son Achilles.Nor was thy heart, Menelaus, nurtured of Zeus,minded to bear aid to the sore-pi essed comradesfrom whom Antilochus was departed, and greatlonging was wrought for the men of Pylos. Howbeit,for their aid he sent goodly Thrasymedes, and him-self went again to bestride the warrior Patroclus ;and he ran, and took his stand beside the Aiantes,and forthwith spake to them : " Yon man have Iverily sent forth to the swift ships, to go to Achilles,fleet of foot. Howbeit I deem not that Achilleswill come forth, how wroth soever he be againstgoodly Hector ; for in no wise may he fight againstthe Trojans unarmed as he is. But let us of our-selves devise the counsel that is best, whereby wemay both hale away the corpse, and ourselves escapedeath and fate amid the battle-din of the Trojans."

Then great Telamonian Aias answered him : " Allthis hast thou spoken aright, most glorious Menelaus.But do thou and Meriones stoop with all speed beneaththe corpse, and raise him up, and bear him forth from

283

vaj'C fjLaxrjoofjieOa Tpo>criv re /cat "Eforopt Stai,laov 6v[Ji6v €xovr€S opcbvvfjLOi, ot TO Trapo? Trep 720^LfjLVO^v o£vv "ApTja Trap' dAAÂoicri fj,evovre$."

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284


out the toil of war ; but behind you we twain will dobattle with the Trojans and goodly Hector, one in heartas we are one in name, even we that aforetime havebeen wont to stand firm in fierce battle, abiding eachby the other's side."

So spake he, and the others took in their arms thedead from the ground, and lifted him on high in theirgreat might; and thereat the host of the Trojansbehind them shouted aloud, when they beheld theAchaeans lifting the corpse. And they chargedstraight upon them like hounds that in front of hunt-ing youths dart upon a wounded wild boar : awhilethey rush upon him fain to rend him asunder, butwhenso he wheeleth among them trusting in hismight, then they give ground and shrink in fear, onehere, one there ; even so the Trojans for a time everfollowed on in throngs, thrusting with swords andtwo-edged spears, but whenso the twain Aianteswould wheel about and stand against them, thenwould their colour change, and no man dared dartforth and do battle for the dead.

Thus the twain were hasting to bear the corpseforth from out the battle to the hollow ships, andagainst them was strained a conflict fierce as firethat, rushing upon a city of men with sudden onset,setteth it aflame, and houses fall amid the mightyglare, and the might of the wind driveth it roaringon. Even so against them as they went came everthe ceaseless din of chariots and of spearmen Butas mules that, putting forth on either side their greatstrength, drag forth from the mountain down arugged path a beam haply, or a great ship-timber,and within them their hearts as they strive are dis-tressed with toil alike and sweat; even so these hasted

285

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co? ot y* €fJL[j,e[Jiaa)T€ VCKVV (j>epov. avrap omaOevAiWr' tcrâveTT^, to? re rtptbv tcrâVet u'ScopvXrjeis, TreSioio Siarrpvaiov rerv^Kdos,os re /cat l<f>6l,[j,a)v Trora^wv dAeyeiva p€€0pa

i, a</>a/> 8e re Tracrt pdov TreStovSe ridrjai 750ouSe rt jtitv aOeve'i pr]yvvai peovres-

(o$ alel A'iavre fô-XT]v oveepyov oirioaa)Tpo)(jov ol S' a/x' 6Trovro, Suco 8' ev TOicrt jU-aAicrra,

Alveias r' 'Ay^tataSTjs' /cat 0at8tjLios "E/crcup.raiv 8' co? re i/japa>v ve<f)os epêrat 176 /coAotcov, 755ouAov /ce/cA^yovTe?, ore TrpotScocrtv tdvraKLpKov, o re cr/xt/cp^crt (j)6vov (frepei opvlQeaaw,

cos ap' UTT' Atvei'a T€ /cat "E/cropt Kovpot 'AâiaVoÂov' /ce/cA^yovre? taav, AÔVTO 8e ^dpprjs-

uoAAa 8e reuêa /caAd rreaov irepi T' djii^t re rd<f>pov 759Aavaaiv TroAefiou 8' ou ytyjêr*

286


to bear forth the corpse. And behind them the twainAiantes held back the foe, as a ridge holdeth backa flood—some wooded ridge that chanceth to lie allathwart a plain and that holdeth back even thedread streams of mighty rivers, and forthwith turneththe current of them all to wander over the plain,neither doth the might of their flood avail to breakthrough it; even so the twain Aiantes ever kept backthe battle of the Trojans, but these ever followedafter, and two among them above all others, evenAeneas, Anchises' son, and glorious Hector. Andas flieth a cloud of starlings or of daws, shriekingcries of doom, when they see coming upon them afalcon that beareth death unto small birds ; so beforeAeneas and Hector fled the youths of the Achaeans,shrieking cries of doom, and forgat all fighting. Andfair arms full many fell around and about the trenchas the Danaans fled; but there was no ceasing fromwar.

287

IAIAA02 S

01 p,€V {j,dpvavTO Se/ias1 rrvpos8' 'AîA^t TroSa? ra^vs dyyeXos rjXde.

rov 8' evpe Trpondpoide veatv opSoKpaipdiovTO, (f>pov4ovT* dva Ovpov a Br] rereAecr/AeVa rjev

S' apa etire Trpo? ov /xeyaA^ropa Qvpov • 5)U.ot eyco, rt T' ap* aure Kapr]

eVi K\ov€ovrai drvôfjievoi TreStoio;ST^ )Ltoi TeAecraxn $eot /ca/ca /C7]8e77ore jLtot iMrjTrjp Ste7re^>pa8e, /cat

rov aptcrrov en t,a)ovTos efielo1 10VTTO Tpwtov XeiijJGiv <j>dos rjcXioio.

jitaAa §17 rzdvjjKe Meôtrtou aA/a/zo? uto?,77 T' eKeXevov aTrco<jdêvov Srj'iov Trvp

em VTja? tjuer, ^S' "E/cropt uî jitaêcrâi ."1 o ravd* c5p/xatve /cara <f)peva /cat /cara dvfjiov, 15ot eyyvdev rjXOev ayauou Necrropo? utd?,

8a/cpua 0ep/m xâ>v> 4"^TO ^' dyyeAti^v dAeyetv^v •" w /xot, riTjAeo? ute Sat^povo?, ^ /xdAa XvypysTreucreat cxyyeAtTjs1, ^ /ui) a>(f>eXXe yeveadat,./cetrat ndrpo/cAos1, veKVOs Se 817 djuîjLtdôvrat 20

1 Lines 10 f. were rejected by Aristophanes and Rhianus.1 The vertical projections at the bow and stern of the

Homeric ship (a.<p\a<TTa or /c6piyt/3a) justify here and in xix-288

BOOK XVIII

So fought they like unto blazing fire, but Antilochus,,swift of foot, came to bear tidings to Achilles. Himhe found in front of his ships with upright horns,1

boding in his heart the thing that even now wasbrought to pass ; and sore troubled he spake untohis own great-hearted spirit: " Ah, woe is me, howis it that again the long-haired Achaeans are beingdriven toward the ships in rout over the plain ? Letit not be that the gods have brought to pass grievouswoes for my soul, even as on a time my motherdeclared unto me, and said that while yet I livedthe best man of the Myrmidons should leave thelight of the sun beneath the hands of the Trojans !In good sooth the valiant son of Menoetius mustnow be dead, foolhardy one ! Surely I bade himcome back again to the ships when he had thrustoff the consuming fire, and not to fight amain withHector."

While he pondered thus in mind and heart, theredrew nigh unto him the son of lordly Nestor, sheddinghot tears, and spake the grievous tidings : " Woe isme, thou son of wise-hearted Peleus, full grievous isthe tidings thou must hear, such as I would hadnever been. Low lies Patroclus, and around his344 the epithet elsewhere applied to cattle (below 573, andviii. 231).

VOL. ii U 289

HOMER

drdp rd ye revê' eêi KopvOaioXos"E/CTO>p."

*Q.S <f>dro, TOV 8' dêo? vecpeXrj €KaXvi/J6 /ze'Aatva*Se xepcrij' e'Acov KOVLV aldaXoeaaav

KOLK K€(f)aXrjs, xapiev 8 27/crXwe TTpooanrov'e'aj Se %i,TCJi>Vi jiie'Aaij/' dfjiffriâve refiprj. 25S' eV Kovirjai, [neyas /zeyaAajcrrt ravvcrdels i

it S' a? 'A^tAeu? Xrj'iaaaro HciTpo/cAos1 re9vp,6v dKr)X€fj,€vaL /ieyaA' taôv, e/c Se dvpaê

A-%iXrja, ooucppovoL, êpcrt 8e Tracrai 30TreTrA^yovro, Xvdev S' UTTO yu£a e/cacrrTj?.

8' erepatdev 68vpero Sa/cpua Aet)Scoj/,'A^tAô? • o 8' eareve /cuSdAtyLtov /c^p •

Set'Ste yap jLt^ Aatjuov ctTTOT/Aêie'1 criS^pco.cr/xepSaAe'ov S' wfjbajêv aKovae Se TTOTVIO. /i^r^p 35

ev ftevOeaow ctAos" Trapd Trarpt ye'povrt,T' ap' eTretra- 0eai Se //.ty dpiâye'po^ro,

Tracrai ocrai /card, fievdos a\os N^pTjtSes" rjaav.evd* d'p' C'T I/ FAav/cr; re ©ciAetd re Ki»p;oSd/C7^ re,2

ETretco re ©077 0' 'AXtrj re jSocoTTt?, 40re /cat 'A/cratT^ /cat Ai/zvcopeia

/cat MeAtr^ /cat "latpa /cat 'AjLt^tô^ /cat 'Ayau^,a> re ITpajTaj re Oepoucrct re Awa/ieV^ re,

re /cat 'Afji<j)iv6pr] /cai KaAAtdêtpa,Acupt? /cat nayoTTTj /cat dya/cAetr^ FaAdreta, 45

re /cat 'Ai/reuS-^? /cat KaAAtdvacrcra •9a S' eTjv KAujUeV^ 'Idvetpd re /cat 'Ictvacrcra,

Matpa /cat 'Opet'^fta euVrAo/ca/zos1 T' 'A/zciêta,ctAAat 0' ai /card fievOos aXos NypTqiSes rjaav.

1 aTror/i^lete Zenodotus: awa^ffeie Aristarchus.z Lines 39-49 were rejected by Zenodotus and Aristarchus.

290

THE ILIAD, XVIII. 21-49

corpse are they fighting—his naked corpse; buthis armour is held by Hector of the flashinghelm."

So spake he, and a black cloud of grief enwrappedAchilles, and with both his hands he took the darkdust and strewed it over his head and defiled his fairface, and on his fragrant tunic the black ashes fell.And himself in the dust lay outstretched, mighty inhis mightiness, and with his own hands he tore andmarred his hair. And the handmaidens, that Achillesand Patroclus had got them as booty, shrieked aloudin anguish of heart, and ran forth around wise-hearted Achilles, and all beat their breasts with theirhands, and the knees of each one were loosed be-neath her. And over against them Antilochus wailedand shed tears, holding the hands of Achilles, that inhis noble heart was moaning mightily ; for he fearedlest he should cut his throat asunder with the knife.Then terribly did Achilles groan aloud, and hisqueenly mother heard him as she sat in the depthsof the sea beside the old man her father. Thereatshe uttered a shrill cry, and the goddesses throngedabout her, even all the daughters of Nereus thatwere in the deep of the sea. There were Glauceand Thaleia and Cymodoce, Nesaea and Speio andThoe and ox-eyed Halie, and Cymothoe and Actaeaand Limnoreia, and Melite and laera and Amphithoeand Agave, Doto and Proto and Pherousa andDynamene, and Dexamene and Amphinone andCallianeira, Doris and Panope and glorious Galatea,Nemertes and Apseudes and Callianassa, and therewere Clymene and laneira and lanassa, Maeraand Orithyia and fair-tressed Amatheia, and otherNereids that were in the deep of the sea. With

291

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TOJV Se /cat apyv(f)€ov TrXfjro arreos ' ctt 8* <xju.a Traaai 50TTeTrXr/yovTo, Qercs 8' l£rjpxe yooto.

etSer' d/cououo-at OCT' e/tai eVt /CTjSea.ai jLtot eya) SetAij, to /u,otr\ T' €7Tei ap TCKOV vlov a/iu/zova re /cparepov re, 55££°XOV flpuM^v o 8' dve'Spaju-ev epvel" iaos"TOJ' /xev' e'yco 9peiftaoa, (f>vrov cS? youi'a) dAw^s1,vrjvalv eTTiTrpoeTjKia Kopaiviaiv "IXiov etcrajTpcuCTt fJLaxTrjaofjLevov • rov 3' ou^ VTroSeô/iat aurt?ot/caSe vooT7jcrcu>Ta $6fj,ov YlrjXrj'Lov etcraj. 60

.ot ^c6et /cat opa 0dos" iêAiotoi, ouSe TI 01 Swa/zai ^pai(T)Lt^crai lovaa.

dAA' ef/A*, o^pa iSco/At <f)iXov re/cos1, 1^8' eTra/couact)OTTt /AtV WC6TO TT€l>6oS OL7TO TTToAe'jLtOtO /J,€VOVTa."

*Q.S apa â»V7]craaa AtVe areas' at Se crw aur^ 65Sa/cpuoecraat t'oâv, wept Se cr^to't Kvpa. daXdaaif]s

rat 8' ore 81 Tpoiyv epifiwXov IKOVTO,etcrave'jSatvov eTnaêpco, eVâ 0afieiat

Sorcof etpwro ve'e? ra^w d//,^' 'AîAâ.r<S 8e jSapu OTevdôim Trapiararo TTOTVIO. p,^T7jp, 79o£u 8e KOJKvaaaa Kfipf] Ad^Se 770,186? eoto,1

icat p" oXocpvpo/jLevr^ erred, TTTepoevra TrpocrûSa*" TCKVOV, ri /cAaiets-; rt Se ae ^peVa? t/cero "nevQos ;eâuSa, ^ Kevde • TO, jLtev STJ rot TereAearate/c Atoj, w? apa 817 TrpiV y' ey' eo êtpaj avaaâ)^) 75Travra? eVt Trpv^vriaiv aXr/fMevaL vlas 'AâtcDi/creu eTTtSeuo/Ltevous1, Tradeziv T' de/cÂia epya."

1 eoto : eôs.292


these the bright cave was filled, and they all alikebeat their breasts, and Thetis was leader in theirlamenting : " Listen, sister Nereids, that one and allye may hear and know all the sorrows that are inmy heart. Ah, woe is me unhappy, woe is me thatbare to my sorrow the best of men, for after I hadborne a son peerless and stalwart, pre-eminent amongwarriors, and he shot up like a sapling ; then whenI had reared him as a tree in a rich orchard plot, Isent him forth in the beaked ships to Ilios to warwith the Trojans ; but never again shall I welcomehim back to his home, to the house of Peleus. Andwhile yet he liveth, and beholdeth the light of thesun, he hath sorrow, neither can I anywise help him,though I go to him. Howbeit go J will, that I maybehold my dear child, and hear what grief has comeupon him while yet he abideth aloof from the war."

So saying she left the cave, and the nymphs wentwith her weeping, and around them the waves of thesea were cloven asunder. And when they were cometo the deep-soiled land of Troy they stepped forthupon the beach, one after the other, where the shipsof the Myrmidons were drawn up in close linesround about swift Achilles. Then to his side, as hegroaned heavily, came his queenly mother, and witha shrill cry she clasped the head of her son, and withwailing spake unto him winged words :

" My child, why weepest thou ? What sorrowhath come upon thy heart. Speak out ; hide it not.Thy wish has verily been brought to pass for theeby Zeus, as aforetime thou didst pray, stretchingforth thy hands, even that one and all the sons of theAchaeans should be huddled at the sterns of the shipsin sore need of thee, and should suffer cruel things."

293

HOMER

Se fiapv aTevd^ctiv Trpoaefjtrj TroSas

TO, jJiev p //,otdAAa TI /zoi Tail' 7)80?, CTTCI <j)iXos a>Ae0' eraipos, 80Ilar/ooK'Aos', TOf eycb Trept TTGLVTCOV rlov eraipaiv,laov e/Jifj KeâXfj' TOV aTrdSAecra, reuêa 8' "Ewrraip$rja)cra$ arreBvae TreAaSpta, 0av[J,a tSeaât,/caAa- ra jitev' nÂ?jt êot Socrav ayAaa. Scopa•^'ârt ra) ore ae fiporov dvepos e/jiftaXov evvfj. 85ai'^' oêAe? cru jiiei> au^6 /ier' ddavdrrjs aXiyarivaiew, nTjAeu? Se dvrjrrjv dyayecrât O.KOITW.vvv 8' tva «rat om Trevdos evl fipeai [ivpiov eirjTraiSo? a.TTO<f)di[j,evoio, rov ov% uvroSe'êai aurt?ot/caSe vocrrTyaavT', evret ouS' efjue dvpos avcoye 90

01)8' aVSpecrcrt /xeTe)u,jLtevat, at /ceUTTO Soupt TfTreis" avro Qvôv o

riaT/od/cAoto 8' eXcopa MevotTtaSeco 0,770110-77."T6v 8' aure 7r/oocreet7re ©ens Kara 8a«rpyJ)Kvpopos 877 ju,oi, T€Ko$, eWeai, ot' dyo/oeuei? ' 95

aurt'/ca yap roi eTretrajLie^' "E/cropa 7roT/xo?eroi/Jtos-."Se /êy' o^Tôus1 7rpoae<j)r) TrdSa? co/cu?

a i > \ > w > > / \ \ f /T€uvai7)v, €TT€i ovK ap e/JLcAAov eraipa)KT€ivo[ji€va) €7Ta/j,vvai • 6 p,€V fjidXa TfjXodi Trdrprjse'<£#n-', €fj,eXo 8e 8-^crei' d/o^? dXKrrjpa yeveadai. 100vw 8' €7ret ou veofj,ai ye (friXrjv es vrar/otSa yatav,oi)Se TI IlaTpoKAa) yerd/A^v âo? o?)8' era/jotai

294


Then groaning heavily swift - footed Achillesanswered her : " My mother, these prayers verilyhath the Olympian brought to pass for me ; butwhat pleasure have I therein, seeing my dear com-rade is dead, even Patroclus, whom I honoured aboveall my comrades, even as mine own self ? Him haveI lost, and his armour Hector that slew him hathstripped from him, that fair armour, huge of size, awonder to behold, that the gods gave as a gloriousgift to Peleus on the day when they laid thee in thebed of a mortal man. Would thou hadst remainedwhere thou wast amid the immortal maidens of thesea, and that Peleus had taken to his home a mortalbride. But now—it was thus that thou too mightesthave measureless grief at heart for thy dead son,whom thou shalt never again welcome to his home;for neither doth my own heart bid me live on andabide among men, unless Hector first, smitten bymy spear, shall lose his life, and pay back theprice for that he made spoil of Patroclus, son ofMenoetius."

Then Thetis again spake unto him, shedding tearsthe while : " Doomed then to a speedy death, mychild, shalt thou be, that thou speakest thus; forstraightway after Hector is thine own death readyat hand."

Then, mightily moved, swift-footed Achilles spaketo her : " Straightway may I die, seeing I was notto bear aid to my comrade at his slaying ! Far, farfrom his own land hath he fallen, and had need ofme to be a Avarder off of ruin. Now therefore,seeing I return not to my dear native land, neitherproved anywise a light of deliverance to Patroclusnor to my other comrades, those many that have

295

HOMER

rot? dXXois, ot ori TToAees" Sd/zev "E/cro/H Sto),dAA' Tjjiiat Trapd vrjvaiv eraiaiov dxdos dpovpr]$,

TOLOS etbv 010? ov TLS 'AâtcDv xa^KOXLrc*)Va}V 105ev TToXe/JUp' dyopfj oe T' apeivoves euri /cat aAAot.co? epi? €K re 6ea>v e/c T' dvdpwrrojv aTroAotro,/cat ^dAos1, oj r' e(f>€r]K€ TToXvcjipovd Trepos T€ TroXv y\vKiOJv fjL€\iTOS /caTadvSpwv ev oTT]Q(.aaw deêrat iûre KCLTTVOS' 110cos e/xe vw eôAcocrcv ava^ dvSpcDv 'AyaiAepvwv.dAAa TO, /iev Trporerv^Qai edcrojU-ev dx^vpevoi -nep,dvpov evl crTijdeaai <j)LXov SajjidaavTes av&vvv §' et)u,', 6'0pa (f)i\r)s K€<f)aXfjs o

/cr^pa 8' eya> rore 8eô//,at, oTTTrore wet1 ST^ 115reAecrat T}§' dddvaroi Beol aAAot.

ouSe yap oz5Se ^Stry 'Hâ/cAôs1 ^>vye Krjpa,os Trep (j)i\raros ecr/ce Att KpovtcovtdAAd e fjuoup' eSdyLtacrae /cat dpyaXeosco? /cat eyc6v, et 8-^ /x,ot o/xot'r; /molpa Teru/crat, 120/cei'cro//,' evret /ce ^dt'O) • vw 8e /cAeos ea9Xov dpoi/j,r]V,/cat Ttva T/oa)t'd8ct»v /cat AapSavioajv

Sd/cpu' ofj,op£a[jiev'r]v doivov crrop'a^crat eyvotev 8' to? 817 oypov eycu 7roAe/>toto TreVau/ât. 125/x^Se /i' epVK€ P'O-XVS faXeovad irep • ovoe fj,e Tret'cret?."

Toy 8' ^/zet/JeT' eVetra 0ed ©eVt?vat r^ ravr ye, reKvov, erirvfjuov ov KO.KOV eart,

retpo/ieVot? zrdpoiaiv dpvvefjiev OITTVV oXedpov.dAAd rot eVrea /caAa /xerd Tpcoeo-crtv eôvrat, 130^dA/ceci yLtap/zat/oovra • TO, )Ltev KopvOaioXos "E/crw/o296


been slain by goodly Hector, but abide here by theships a profitless burden upon the earth—I that inwar am such as is none other of the brazen-coatedAchaeans, albeit in council there be others better—so may strife perish from among gods and men, andanger that setteth a man on to grow wroth, how wisesoever he be, and that sweeter far than tricklinghoney waxeth like smoke in the breasts of men ;even as but now the king of men, Agamemnon,moved me to wrath. Howbeit these things will welet be as past and done, for all our pain, curbing theheart in our breasts, because we must. But now willI go forth that I may light on the slayer of the manI loved, even on Hector ; for my fate, I will acceptit whenso Zeus willeth to bring it to pass, and theother immortal gods. For not even the mightyHeracles escaped death, albeit he was most dear toZeus, son of Cronos, the king, but fate overcamehim, and the dread wrath of Hera. So also shall I,if a like fate hath been fashioned for me, lie lowwhen I am dead. But now let me win gloriousrenown, and set many a one among the deep-bosomedTrojan or Dardanian dames to wipe with both handsthe tears from her tender cheeks, amid ceaselessmoaning ; and let them know that long in goodsooth have I kept apart from the war. Seek notthen to hold me back from battle, for all thou lovestme ; thou shalt not persuade me."

Then answered him the goddess, silver - footedThetis : " Aye, verily, as thou sayest, my child, it isin truth no ill thing to ward utter destruction fromthy comrades, that are hard beset. But thy goodlyarmour is held among the Trojans, thine armour ofbronze, all gleaming-bright. This doth Hector of the

297

HOMER

avros exa)V wôtaiv dyaAAerar ovSe I817/0 ov eTrayAal'etcrflai, eVec <j)6vos eyyvOev avra).dXXd cru p;ei> 17 TTCO /caraSucreo fjLa>Xov "Apr]os,rrpiv y' e/ze Seup' eXOovcrav ev d</>0aAp,otow i'Sât* 135

yap vevpai a//,' iêAta; aviovri/caAa <ê'poucra Trap* 'Hâtcrroio ava/cro?."

a/)a (frcovijaacra TrdXiv r/oavre^' uto? eoio,1

r' aAti^cri KacriyvTyrTyat /zer^vSa-ftev vw Sure daXdacrrjs evpea KO\TTOV, 140i re yepov^' aAtoi/ /cat Sco/zara Trarpo?,

/cat ot Travr' dyopeucrar' • eya> 8' e? fJ,aKpov "OXvp,iTovefjiti Trap' "Hâtcrrov /cAuTOTe'^VTp, at AC' eQeXycnvutet e/xa) Sd/xevat /cAura reuêa 7rap,(f)av6a)vra."

e\/~» » ' / / ! ' ' ^* < ' « fl \ / > / > »/<N12? eâa , at o UTTO fcu/xa vaAaaays OLVTIK eovcrav • 14517 8' aur' QvXvfjLTTOvfte dea Qens dpyvpojreâ

, o(f)pa (f>iXq) TratSt /cAtmx reuê' evet/cat.ap' Oi'Au/ATrdi'Se TrdSe? <f>€pov avrap

'AâtotdXaXrjrto v<$>* "E/cropo? dv$po(f)6voio

(frevyovres vfjds re /cat 'EAArycrTTOj/Tov t/covro. 150ouSe Ke naTpoKrAdv ?rep evKVTJ^Lês 'Aâtote/c ^SeAeoDV epvaavro vei<vv, depdrrovT* 'A^tAôs"aurt? yap ST) rov1 ye KI%OV Xaos re /cat ITTTTOL"E/crcop re Ilptajitoto Trai?, Âoyt2 euceAos dA/c^v.rpts ju-ev piti' [AeroTTiade TTO$OJV Xdfie ^)at8t/>tos"E/CTa>p3 155eA/ce/xevai pepâcu?, p;eya Se Tp(oe<7<rtv op;d/<:Aa.rpts1 Se Si;' AtWre?, Oovpw eTrtetpoeVoi

1 eoto : e?)os. 2 (/>Xo7t : <7w Zenodotus.8 In place of 155 f. Zenodotus gave the following :

6's /itv r/)ls nerbirLffdf TroSwj' Xd/3e /cat /*e7' duT«e\Ke/jieva,t, /te/iac6s, Kf<t>a.\r)v Se e 6v/j.bs dv&yeiTrât dâ <rKO\6ire<r<ri Ta.fj.6vd' diraX^s aTro

298


flashing helm wear on his own shoulders, and exulteththerein. Yet I deem that not for long shall heglory therein, seeing his own death is nigh at hand.But do thou not enter into the turmoil of Aresuntil thine eyes shall behold me again coming hither.For in the morning will I return at the rising of thesun, bearing fair armour from the lord Hephaestus."

So saying she turned her to go back from her son,and being turned she spake among her sisters of thesea : " Do ye now plunge beneath the broad bosomof the deep, to visit the old man of the sea, and thehalls of our father, and tell him all. But I will getme to high Olympus to the house of Hephaestus,the famed craftsman, if so be he will give to my songlorious shining armour."

So spake she, and they forthwith plunged beneaththe surge of the sea, while she, the goddess, silver-footed Thetis, went her way to Olympus, that shemight bring glorious armour for her dear son.

Her then were her feet bearing to Olympus, butthe Achaeans fled with wondrous shouting frombefore man-slaying Hector, and came to the shipsand the Hellespont. Howbeit Patroclus, the squireof Achilles, might the well-greaved Achaeans notdraw forth from amid the darts ; for now again thereovertook him the host and the chariots of Troy, andHector, son of Priam, in might as it were a flame.Thrice from behind did glorious Hector seize him bythe feet, fain to drag him away, and called mightilyupon the Trojans, and thrice did the two Aiantes,clothed in furious valour, hurl him back from the corpse."who thrice seized him from behind by the feet, andshouted mightily, being fain to hale him away, and hisheart bade him cut the head from the tender neck and fixit upon the stakes of the wall." (Cf . 176 f.)

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Atâi'. o 8' epVTreSov cxA/ci 7T€7TOi9a)$aAAor' eTTCuâa/ce /cara [j,66ov, aAAore 8' aure

jne'ya Id^cuv1 dm'crco 8' ov â£ero TrajiiTrav. 160§' aTTo awfjiaros ov TL Ae'ovr' a'ldcova ^vvavrai

aypauAot /ueya Tretmoi/ra Stecrât,pa TOV ow/c eSwavro 8ua> Atavre Kopvara

"E/cropa Ilpta/AiS^v CITTO veKpov 8eiSiâo-ât.Kat vv /cev etpvcraev re Kai aarrerov ^paro K0So?, 165et 17 nÂet'covt TroS^ve/AOS' ct»/ceaayyeAo? -Âê deova* 0,77' 'OAu/iTTou

a Ato? aAAaJV re êa)^ • Trpo yap 9^/ceu 8' lcrTafJL€vr] eVea Trrepoevra /rrpoar]v8a-

opcreo, nÂeiS^, TTOLVTOJV e/CTrayAorar' at'Spa)^' 170IlaTpo/cAaj e-rrdfjivvov, ov etve/ca ûAoTTts" atvy)€crrr]K€ Trpo vcajv. ol 8' cxAAÂous1 oAe/cqucrtvot juev d[ji,vv6(j,€voi VCKVOS weptol oe epva&aaOai TTOTL "IXiov rfTpwes eTTidvovai' /AaAtcrra Se ât'Sijuos1 "E/crcup 175eA/ce/xevat êôvev KefaXrjv 8e e OvposTTTyât aâ cr/coAoTreacrt ra/xov^' aTraATy? O.TTOdAA' ava, ^778' ert fceicro • crejSas1 Se ere 6v/j,ov tKeIlaTpo/cAov TpajTjcrt /cucrt^ peXTrrjOpa yeveadai,'aol Xa)j3r), at /cev rt VCKVS ricr-^vfjêvos eXdrj." 180

T^ 8' i}jU,etj8eT' eVetra TroSap/CT/? Sto? 'AîAAeu?'" *Ipt êa, rt? r' ap' ere 0ea>v e/j,oi ayyeAov rJK€;"

Tov 8' awre 77pocreet7re TroBrjvefjios ai/cea TIpis"" "HpTJ //,€ 7TpO€rjK€, AtO? Kv8pr] TTapOiKOLTlS'

oi58' otSe Kpovt'STj? vifti^vyos oi)Se' TI? aAAo? 185ddavdrtov, ot "OAup;7roi> dydwufrov d

1 idxwi': dx^wi/ Zenodotus.2 Lines 176f. were omitted by Zenodotus.1 The word âx^Môs implies mutilation.

300


But he, ever trusting in his might, would now chargeupon them in the fray, and would now stand andshout aloud ; but backward would he give never awhit. And as shepherds of the steading avail notin any wise to drive from a carcase a tawny lionwhen he hungereth sore, even so the twain warriorAiantes availed not to affright Hector, Priam's son,away from the corpse. And now would he havedragged away the body, and have won glory un-speakable, had not wind-footed, swift Iris speedingfrom Olympus with a message that he array himfor battle, come to the son of Peleus, all unknownof Zeus and the other gods, for Hera sent her forth.And she drew nigh, and spake to him winged words :" Rouse thee, son of Peleus, of all men most dread !Bear thou aid to Patroclus, for whose sake is a dreadstrife afoot before the ships. And men are slayingone another, these seeking to defend the corpse ofthe dead, while the Trojans charge on to drag him towindy Ilios ; and above all glorious Hector is fain todrag him away ; and his heart biddeth him shear thehead from the tender neck, and fix it on the stakes ofthe wall. Nay, up then, lie here no more ! Let awecome upon thy soul that Patroclus should become thesport of the dogs of Troy. Thine were the shame, ifanywise he come, a corpse despitefully entreated.1 "

Then swift-footed goodly Achilles answered her :" Goddess Iris, who of the gods sent thee a messengerto me ? "

And to him again spake wind-footed, swift Iris :" Hera sent me forth, the glorious wife of Zeus ; andthe son of Cronos, throned on high, knoweth naughthereof, neither any other of the immortals that dwellupon snowy Olympus."

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8* aTTapeiftofAevos Trpoaecfrr) iroSas t5/cu?' A^tAAeu? •

' ap* to) jLtera jLtcDAov; eôucrt Se reirêa Keivoi '8' ou jite <^tA?7 ?rpiV y' eta dcoprjcraecrOai,

Trpiv y' avrrjv eXQovaav ev o<f)6aXfj,olcriv i§co/>iac 190crreuro yap ' H</>atcrToto Trap' olaepev evrea KaAa.aAAof 8' ou reu ofSa re£J ai' /cAura reuêa Suco,et ju-17 Atavros ye OTCLKOS TeAa/xtDVtaSao.aAAd /cat auro? o y', efAmj/A', evt TrpcoTotcriv1 o/xtAet,eyêt STjfoajv Trept Harpo/cAoto QCLVOVTOS'' 195

Tov 8' aure Trpocreenre TroS^ve/Aos c5/<rea" €V vv /cat rj/Jiels t'S/zev o rot /cAura, reuê'aAA' avTais2 eTTt rd<f>pov Iwv Tpibeoai <j>dvr]di,,at /ce a' WTroSSetcravTe? aTrdcr^cai'Tat TroAe/zoioTpaies1, dvaTrveyorcocri 8' apTJfot utes1 'Aâtaiv 200ret/oojU-evot • oAty^ Se T' dvaTrveyats' TroAe/xoto."

*H /xef ap' 60? etTTOucr' ane/Sir) TroSa? (o/ceaavrap 'A^tAAey? W/JTO Su^tAo? • d^t^t 8' *a>fj,oLs Ifjidipoiai, jSdA' atyt'Sa Ovcrcravoecraav,d/x^t 8e ot KefiaXfj ve(f>os ecrreê Sta dedcw 205Xpvaeov, e/c 8' aurou Sate cÂoya Trto? 8' ore KCLTTVOS tcov e^ acrreo? aldep*rrjXoOev e/c ^crou, T^ 8i]foi d/x^tju,ctot re TravTjjLteptot aruyepa) Kpivovraiaareos e/c a<f>€repov •* ayita 8* rjeXico KaraSwrt 210•nvpaoi re (fiXeyedovaiv €Trr)rpi[j,oi, vijjoae 8' avyrj

2 aurws : ai)ros Zenodotus and Aristophanes.3 Line 20T was given by Aristarchus in the latter of his

two editions in the form, cos 5' 6Ve TrOp ETTI TTOVTOV d/)f7rpe7r^s.* acrreos ^K crfarepov : tivrv irort ff<j>trepov Zenodotus.

302


Then in answer to her spake Achilles, swift of foot:" But how shall I enter the fray ? They yonder holdmy battle-gear ; and my dear mother forbade thatI array me for the fight until such time as mine eyesshould behold her again coming hither ; for shepledged her to bring goodly armour from Hephaestus.No other man know I whose glorious armour I mightdon, except it were the shield of Aias, son ofTelamon. Howbeit himself, I ween, hath dallianceamid the foremost fighters, as he maketh havoc withhis spear in defence of dead Patroclus."

And to him again spake wind-footed, swift Iris :" Well know we of ourselves that thy glorious armouris held of them ; but even as thou art go thou tothe trench, and show thyself to the men of Troy, ifso be that, seized with fear of thee, the Trojans maydesist from battle, and the warlike sons of theAchaeans may take breath, wearied as they are ; forscant is the breathing-space in war."

When she had thus spoken swift-footed Iris de-parted ; but Achilles, dear to Zeus, roused him, andround about his mighty shoulders Athene flung hertasselled aegis, and around his head the fair goddessset thick a golden cloud, and forth from the manmade blaze a gleaming fire. And as when a smokegoeth up from a city and reacheth to heaven fromafar, from an island that foes beleaguer, and the menthereof contend the whole day through in hatefulwar from their city's walls, and then at set of sunflame forth the beacon-fires one after another andhigh aloft darteth the glare thereof for dwellers

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yyverai iaaovaa TrepiKTioveaaivat K€v TTOJS ovv VY)vaiv apecocos aV ' A^tAAôs1 K6<f>aXfjs creXas aWep*

S' em rdf^pov LOJV a.7ro Tei^co?, ouS' e? 'Aâtous 215pos yap TTVKivrjv aiTTiêr' €(j)eTfj,ijv .

€V0a or as 171/0'' , airarepQe Se HaAAa? '(frdeyâr* • arap Tpatecrcnv ev acrTrerov cupcre KV

e c v > w » 5 > - / s ; / « > » /\cas o or apiL,rjArj (pcwy, ore r ta^;e craATa<TTU TrepnrXoêvcov Srjtcov VTTO dvôpaiareajv,a>s TOT* dpi^Xr] (f>wvr) yever* Ata/ct'Sao.ot 8' ai? ouv albv o?7a âA/ceov Ata/ct'Sao,TrdoiV opivdr) dvîos' drap /caAAtT/atê? ITTTTOIaiff oêa rpoTreov oaaovro yap aAyea Ov/JiaJ.

S' €KTrXr]'yev, eTtet i'Sov dndfjiarov rrvp 225K€(f>aXr}s /Aeya0u//,ou nÂeticovos

TO Se Saie êa yAau/ccoTTts1 9A6iijw).rpls (J-€V virep rd(f>pov /AeyaA' t'aê Sto? 'rpts Se KVKrjdrjcrav Tptaes /cAetTot T* eiri" n <f ^ * ' > v\ o. / <> ; ^ v i nor»evc/a oe Kat TOT OAOVTO oywoe/ca (pcores apiarou 230d/.K/it a(f)ols dêeacrt Kat eyêcrtv. avrap 'Aâtotdairaaicos TldrpoKXov VTTCK fieXecov epvaavresKardeaav ev Aeê'earn • ^t'Aot 8' dpfiearav eralpoi[Avpofjievoi- jLtera 8e a^t 7ro8aS/c7j? etTreT* 'AîAAeujSaKpva Oeppd êcuv, e?ret ei'crtSe TTICTTOV eralpov 235Keip,€vov ev (freprpa) SeSalyjitevot' dêi,' âA/ca).TOV p' 17 rot ju,ev eVejU-Tre crw LTTTTOLCTIV KOIe? iroXzfjiov, ouS' aurt? eSe^

'HeAiov S' a/ca/Aavra fiocoTTis TTOTVIO.

1 Lines 230 f. were given by Zenodotus in the form,£f#a 5e Kovpoi S\OVTO BviiidfKa irdvres ApiffTOt

304


round about to behold, if so be they may come intheir ships to be warders off of bane ; even so fromthe head of Achilles went up the gleam towardheaven. Then strode he from the wall to the trench,and there took his stand, yet joined him not to thecompany of the Achaeans, for he had regard to hismother's wise behest. There stood he and shouted,and from afar Pallas Athene uttered her voice; butamid the Trojans he roused confusion unspeakable.Clear as the trumpet's voice when it soundeth aloudbeneath the press of murderous foemen that be-leaguer a city, so clear was then the voice of the sonof Aeacus. And when they heard the brazen voice ofthe son of Aeacus the hearts of all were dismayed; andthe fair-maned horses turned their cars backward,for their spirits boded bane. And the charioteerswere stricken with terror when they beheld the un-wearied fire blaze in fearsome wise above the headof the great-souled son of Peleus ; for the goddess,flashing-eyed Athene, made it blaze. Thrice overthe trench shouted mightily the goodly Achilles, andthrice the Trojans and their famed allies were con-founded. And there in that hour perished twelvemen of their best amid their own chariots andtheir own spears. But the Achaeans with gladnessdrew Patroclus forth from out the darts and laid himon a bier, and his dear comrades thronged abouthim weeping ; and amid them followed swift-footedAchilles, shedding hot tears, for that he beheld histrusty comrade lying on the bier, mangled by thesharp bronze. Him verily had he sent forth withhorses and chariot into the war, but never againdid he welcome his returning.

Then was the unwearying sun sent by ox-eyed,

VOL. ii x 305

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err' 'Q/ceai'oto poas deKovra veeaOai,- 240ev e'Su, rravaavro Se Siot 'Aâtot

Kpareprjs KCLL O/AOUOU TroAejU'Oio.8' au0' erepcoflei' OTTO Kparepfjs v

e'Aucrap' u^)' appaaw aiKea?e? 8' dyopyv ayepovro, Trdpos SopTroto jue'Seaâi. 245opBaiv 8' ecrraorcov ayopr) yever*, ouSe TI? eVA^f.t,€oQai' iravras yap eê T/adjU-os1,1 owe/c'sê^dvri, fypov Se /xa^Tj? eTreTraur'Toicrt 8e nouAuSajaas1 77e7rvUjU,eYlavOotbrjs' 6 yap olos opa Trpoaau) KCLI oTrLaaw 250"E/cropt 8' -êv eratpos, ifj 8' ei/ vu/crt yeVoi/ro,

> \ \> c • \ « //I « ^> >/ .. \ \ » ' 'aAA o )U,ev ap f^vvoiaiv, o o eyx€L TTOAAOV eviKO.'o aîv eu (j>povea)V dyopr/aaro /cat jaereetTrev •

p;aAa îpaêcrê, <f>iXoi' Ke'AojU-ai yap eya> yevw leVat, /u,^ /xijuvetv i]a) Siav 255

ev 7TeSia> Trapa vyvaiv €Kas 8' O.TTO Tet^cd? et/zev.o^pa p;ev o^ro? a^p 'Aya/ie/mî [jLrjVie 8ia>,ro^pa 8e prfirepoi TroAe/itêiv ^crar 'Aâtot*âtpecr/cov yap eycu ye ôijs' CTTI vrjvaiv lavcoveATTO/Aevos1 vâ? alpâepev aîeXiaaas• 260vw 8* atrct)? Set'Sot/ca 7ro8cu/ceaofos1 Keivov Qvfjuos VTrepfiios, OVK[jiLpvsiv ev 77eStaj, o^t Trep Tpcoe? /catev ju-ecra> a/x-^drepoi fiew? "Aprjo? Sareovrat,dAAa Trept TTToAios' re /ia^Tjcrerat i^Se yvvaiKwv. 265aAA' i'ojaev Trport aarv, mdeaQe. [j,of cSSe yap ecrrat.vw /zev vy^ aireiravoe TroScuKrea IIÂe'tcova

1 rp6/j.os: 06ôs Zenodotus.306


queenly Hera to go his way, full loath, to the streamof Ocean. So the sun set and the goodly Achaeansstayed them from the fierce strife and the evil war.

And on their side, the Trojans, when they werecome back from the fierce conflict, loosed from be-neath their cars their swift horses, and gatheredthemselves in assembly or ever they bethought themto sup. Upon their feet they stood while the gather-ing was held, neither had any man heart to sit; forthey all were holden of fear, seeing Achilles was comeforth, albeit he had long kept him aloof from grievousbattle. Then among them wise Polydamas was firstto speak, the son of Panthous ; for he alone lookedat once before and after. Comrade was he ofHector, and in the one night were they born : how-beit in speech was one far the best, the other withthe spear. He with good intent addressed theirgathering, and spake among them : " On both sides,my friends, bethink you well. For my own part Ibid you return even now to the city, neither onthe plain beside the ships await bright Dawn, forafar from the wall are we. As long as this mancontinued in wrath against goodly Agamemnon, evenso long were the Achaeans easier to fight against;aye, and I too was glad, when hard by the swiftships I spent the night, in hope that we shouldtake the curved ships. But now do I wondrouslyfear the swift-footed son of Peleus ; so masterful is hisspirit, he will not be minded to abide in the plain,where in the midst both Trojans and Achaeans sharein the fury of Ares ; but it is for our city that hewill fight, and for our wives. Nay, let us go to thecity ; hearken ye unto me, for on this wise shall itbe. For this present hath immortal night stayed the

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ei 8' ajLtjLte /ci^^crerai eV0dS' eovrasavpiov oppyrjêt? ow redeem', eu vu rt? auToyyt'coaerai • dcrTracriws1 yap dcîêrat "lAtov ipTji' 2706's" Ke </>uy?j> TroAAous Se /ewe? /cat ymre? e'SovratTpwiov at yap ST] jiiot O.TT' owaros <S8e yevotro.et 8' civ e/iots eTreecrcrt 7Tt0a>p/e0a KrjSojLtevot Trep,VVKTCL jitev eti/ ayopry oOevos eôpev, aarv 8e TrupyoivifjrjXai re TTvAat cravt'Ses1 T* em TT^? apaputat 275jita/cpat €V^caroL eêyy/xeVat elpvaaovTcu'TrpcDf 8' virrjoloL avv repeat diop^devrcsCTTTjcrdjue^' a/A irvpyovs ' rat 8' aAytoi/, at /c' lOeXrjcnveXOcbv €K vr)a)v wept retêos1 ajMjUt pâêaât.* I '\ * » » \ *> > / > > / » oonai/; TraAtv eta em VTja?, e?ret K epiauêi/a? tTTTrou? 280TTavroiov 8pd/Aou a<T7j t57TO TrrdAtv ÂacrKa^covetcrco 8' ou p,w Ovpos eôp/x^^^vat eacfet,oi)8e' TTOT' e/CTre'pcfet • Trptv p:tv /ewe? dpyot eSovrat."

Tov S* ap' UTroSpa tScov -jrpocre^ KopvOaioXos

" IIouAu8ap:a, cru p,ev ou/cer' e//,ot cî'Aa raur'dyopeyet?, 285

05 fceAeai Kara (XCTTU dAi^p,evat aurt? tdvra?.^ ou 7TO) K€Kop7]crd€ eeAp-evot eVSo^t Trvpywv;Trplv p,ev yap ITpta/AOto TrdAtv p-epOTre? avdpanrot.irdvTzs [JLvOeaKovro TroAu^pucrov TroAuâA/covvw Se 81 eâTrdAcoAe So/xcov /cetp,Âta «aAd, ^"^TToAAd 8e 8- OpuytTjv Kat MTÔVITJV epareivTjv

Trepvd/xev' f/cet, ewet fteya? coSuaaro Zeu?.J ore Trep /xot e'8a>/<:e Kpdvou Trds dpe'a^' CTTI vrâi, daXdaor) r' e'Aaat '

308


swift-footed son of Peleus, but if on the morrow heshall come forth in harness and light on us yetabiding here, full well shall many a one come to knowhim ; for with joy shall he that escapeth win to sacredIlios, and many of the Trojans shall the dogs andvultures devour—far from my ear be the tale thereof.But and if we hearken to my words for all we beloath, this night shall we keep our forces in theplace of gathering, and the city shall be guarded bythe walls and high gates and by the tall well-polished doors that are set therein, bolted fast. Butin the morning at the coming of Dawn arrayed inour armour will we take our stand upon the walls;and the worse will it be for him, if he be minded tocome forth from the ships and fight with us to winthe wall. Back again to his ships shall he hie him,when he hath given his horses, with high-archednecks, surfeit of coursing to and fro, as he drivethvainly beneath the city. But to force his way withinwill his heart not suffer him nor shall he lay it waste ;ere that shall the swift dogs devour him."

Then with an angry glance from beneath hisbrows spake to him Hector of the flashing helm :" Polydamas, this that thou sayest is no longer tomy pleasure, seeing thou biddest us go back and bepent within the city. In good sooth have ye not yethad your fill of being pent within the walls ? Of oldall mortal men were wont to tell of Priam's city, forits wealth of gold, its wealth of bronze ; but now areits goodly treasures perished from its homes, and lo,possessions full many have been sold away to Phrygiaand lovely Maeonia, since great Zeus waxed wroth.But now, when the son of crooked-counselling Cronoshath vouchsafed me to win glory at the ships, and to

B09

HOMER

vr/TTie, JU^KC'TC- TCLVTO, voTjjuaTa <âu/ evi STÎO)* 295ov yap TIS Tpajcov eTTiTreicreTat • ov yap eacrcu.aAA' aye0' at? aV eya> ei7ra>, 7T6i6a)[J,€da Trdvres.vvv jU-ev Sdp7roi> eXeade Kara crrparov eV reAeecrcn,/cat eûAa/CTj? fJ,vr)oacrde, /cat eyprjyopdz e/cacrTO? •Tpcucur 8' o? /crearecrcrtv UTrepîaAaj? at'taêt, 300avXXe£as Aaotcrt SOTOJ /caraS^jLtojSopTycrat •TCOV rtvct BeXrepov lariv eTravpeêv TJ rrzpTrpaj'i §' VTrrjoloL crvv retrêm Oajprjvrjvaiv €7rt yXafivpfjcriv eyet/ao/xev oûv "Apâ.ei 8' ereov napa vavfav avearir] Sto? 'AîAAeu?, 305aAytov, at «' eWArycrt, rî ecrcrerat • ov /xtv eyco ye

e/c TToAe'/Aoto Bvarixôs, aXXai, ' «re (f)epr)aL jiteya Kpdros, ^ /ce

£vvos 'EvuaAtos1, /cat re /craveovra /caê/cra."nQ? "E/cro)/) dyopeu', e?rt Se Tpaies /ceAaSrjcrav, 310

vrjTrtot • e/c yap a(f>€a>v (j>pevas etAcro IlaAAas 'Adi^vr]."E/cropi /xev yap eTrrjvrjaav /ca/ca prjTLOOjVTi,

S' ap' ou TI?, o? eadXrjv <j>pd£,€7o

€77€t0' €?AoVTO KTaTO, (TTpaTOV ' ttUTCtp

IIcxTpo/cAov dvecrTevaôvTo yocDvres'. 315TOtat Se nÂet'S-^? dStvou e^pê yooto,

CTT* avSpcxfiovovs 6e[j,€vos arrjdeaanv eraipov,a. /AaAa trTeva^cDV aj? re Ai?

a pa VTTO aKVfjivovs e a o o s pTrcrr) vrjpvXys €K TTVKivfjs ' o Se T' a^vvrat vcrrepos eXdduv, 320

1 The thought is, if any one, being possessed of wealth,fears to spend the night in bivouac far from the city, let himgive his goods outright to the folk, rather than allow themto be seized by the Achaeans — which, Hector implies, wouldbe the inevitable result, if the counsel of Polydamas werefollowed.310


pen the Achaeans beside the sea, no longer, thou fool,do thou show forth counsels such as these among thefolk. For not a man of the Trojans will hearken tothee ; I will not suffer it. Nay, come; even as I shallbid, let us all obey: for this present take ye your supperthroughout the host by companies, and take heed tokeep watch, and be wakeful every man. And ofthe Trojans whoso is distressed beyond measure forhis goods, let him gather them together and givethem to the folk for them to feast thereon in common; *better were it that they have profit thereof than theAchaeans! But in the morning, at the coming ofDawn, arrayed in our armour, let us arouse sharpbattle at the hollow ships. But if in deed and intruth goodly Achilles is arisen by the ships, the worseshall it be for him, if he so will it. I verily will notflee from him out of dolorous war, but face to facewill I stand against him, whether he shall win greatvictory, or haply I. Alike to all is the god of war,and lo, he slayeth him that would slay."

So Hector addressed their gathering, and thereatthe Trojans shouted aloud, fools that they were !for from them Pallas Athene took away theirwits. To Hector they all gave praise in his illadvising, but Polydamas no man praised, albeit hedevised counsel that was good. So then they tooksupper throughout the host; but the Achaeans thewhole night through made moan in lamentation forPatroclus. And among them the son of Peleusbegan the vehement lamentation, laying his man-slaying hands upon the breast of his comrade anduttering many a groan, even as a bearded lion whosewhelps some hunter of stags hath snatched away fromout the thick wood ; and the lion coming back there-

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TToAAa Se T' ay/ce' eTrfjXOe /MCT' dvepo?el TToOev €êvpoi- jaaAa yap Spies' ôAos1 cupei*tos o /?apu crrei'axcoj' jiieTe</>aWe Mupp^Sdveomv •

" ''iQ TTOTTOt, T) p' a'AlOV 67TO? €K/8aAoV ^'/XttTt KGLVO)

0apavva)v rjpa)a, MevotVto^ e^ peydpoicn • 325^>TÎ/ Se ot et? 'O77oevTa Tre/otAcAuTov vt'ov aTraêti'"lAiov eKTTepaavra, Aaôvra re ATjtSos alaav.aAA' 01) Zeu? avSpefffft VOT^KXTO, Tra^ra TeAeura'ap,<j)co yap TreTrpcorai opocrjv yolav epevaaiavrov Ivl Tpoir), eTret ouS' eûe vocrrTjcravTa 330Seêrat ev jaeyapoicri yepcov tTTTrÂaraouSe 0erts /XTJTTJ/O, aAA' awroi; yata /ca^vw 8' eTret ow, HaTpo/cAe, aeu varepos

yatav,ou ere Trptt' Acreptai, Trptv y* "E/cropos1 evddtf evel/catreuxea KC" /ceâA^v, jaeyaû/xou aeto (f>ovrjos' 3358cu3e/ca 8e TTpoirdpoiOe TTVpTJTpa)cov ayAaa reKva, oe0€VTO(j)pa 8e /iot Trapa vrjvai Kopwviai /ceiaeatdfjiffri Se ere Tpaiat a;at AapSan'Ses1 fia.QvK.oX'noi/cAaucrovrat vwKra? re /cat iûara 8a/<:pt> ôvaai,TOLS avrol Ka[J,6[j,ecr6a jStiy^t re Soupt' re

7T€pdoVT€ 7TO\€iS fJLepOTTt

Tapoi.aLV €Ace/cAeTO 810? 'arrjcrai rptVoSa fj,eya

Aouaetav CITTO jSporov atârdeyTa. 345ot Se AoeTpoôov TptVoS' iaraoav ev trvplei> 8' ap'"'u'8a)p eêctv, UTTO Se Âa 8atoj^S12


after grieveth sore, and through many a glen herangeth on the track of the footsteps of the man, ifso be he may anywhere find him; for anger exceedinggrim layeth hold of him. Even so with heavy groaningspake Achilles among the Myrmidons :

" Out upon it ! Vain in sooth was the word Iuttered on that day, when I sought to hearten thewarrior Menoetius in our halls ; and said that whenI had sacked Ilios I would bring back to him untoOpoeis his glorious son with the share of the spoilthat should fall to his lot. But lo, Zeus fulfilleth notfor men all their purposes ; for both of us twain arefated to redden the selfsame earth with our bloodhere in the land of Troy; since neither shall I comeback to be welcomed of the old knight Peleus in hishalls, nor of my mother Thetis, but even here shall theearth hold me fast. But now, Patroclus, seeing I shallafter thee pass beneath the earth, I will not givethee burial till I have brought hither the armour andthe head of Hector, the slayer of thee, the great-souled; and of twelve glorious sons of the Trojanswill I cut the throats before thy pyre in my wrathat thy slaying. Until then beside the beaked shipsshalt thou lie, even as thou art, and round aboutthee shall deep-bosomed Trojan and Dardanianwomen make lament night and day with sheddingof tears, even they that we twain got us throughtoil by our might and our long spears, when wewasted rich cities of mortal men."

So saying, goodly Achilles bade his comrades setupon the fire a great cauldron, that with speed theymight wash from Patroclus the bloody gore. Andthey set upon the blazing fire the cauldron for fillingthe bath, and poured in water, and took billets of

313

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,€V TptVoSos' Trvp aîêTre, depfjicro 8' uavrap eTtei 877 Jêoarev v8a>p evl T^VOTTI âA/ca),/cat rdre 81) Xovadv re /cat TjXen/jav AiV eAaia), 350eV 8' tuTeiAas1 TrA-iycrav dXei(j)aros evvecopoto •ev Aeêecrai 8e devres eava) Atrt KaXviftaves TToSa? e/c Kt(f)aXfjs, KaOvirepde 8e (j)dpei

eVetTa 77o8a? ra^vv afj,(f)' 'aTpOKrAoj/ avârevdôvro yoa>vres' 355

Zeus' 8' "Hpryi' 7Tpoa€€i7re Kaai-yvijrrjv aXoôv re-1

" €7rprj£as /cat eVetTa, fioatTns TTOTVIO, "Hpr],' 'A^tA-â TroSas1 ra^vv rj pa vv aetoeyevovro Ko.pt] KOfJiowvres 'Aâtot."

8' ^/iet/Ser' eWtra POWTTLS TTOTVIO, "Hpr)- 360" atvdrare Kjoovt'8^, irdlov rov [j,vdov eetTre?./cat jitev 817 TTOU rt? peXXei jSporo? ai^Spt reXeaaai,os irep dvrjros T* ecrrt /cat ou rocra /MTySea oi8e-

TTCO? 8^ eya> y*, i^ ^TyjUt dedaiv efj,fJi€v apiarn],, yevefj re /cat owe/ca cr^ Trapa/cotTt? 365cru 8e Tracrt /x,er' dBavdroiaiv dvdaaeis,

OVK o<peXov Tpweacrt /coTecrcra/zeV-q /ca/ca pdifjai; "rtO? ot )U,ev rotaura Trpos aAAÂous1 dyopevov

'H(âtcrToi» S' t/cave SO/AOI' 0ert? dpyvpoTreâa<f>diTov darepoevra, jMeraTrpeTre" ddavdroun, 370

6V /)' auros1 TrotTyaaro /cuAAoTroStojv.8' e?5p' tSpcoovra eXicra6[j,evov Trept (f)vaas

rptTroSas1 yap eet/cocrt Trdvras eVeuêvecrra/xei'at rrept rotôv evcrradeos jweyapoto,

1 Lines 356-367 were rejected by Zenodotus.

1 The number nine seems not infrequently to be used as around number (Odyssey x. 19; xi. 311), and we must assumethat the ointment was thought to improve with age.314

THE ILIAD, XVIII, 348-374

wood and kindled them beneath it. Then the fireplayed about the belly of the cauldron, and the watergrew warm. But when the water boiled in the brightbronze, then they washed him and anointed himrichly with oil, filling his wounds with ointment ofnine1 years old ; and they laid him upon his bed, andcovered him with a soft linen cloth from head tofoot, and thereover with a white robe. So the wholenight through around Achilles, swift of foot, theMyrmidon.5', made moan in lamentation for Patroclus ;but Zeus spake unto Hera, his sister and his wife :" Thou hast then had thy way, O ox-eyed, queenlyHera; thou hast aroused Achilles, swift of foot.In good sooth must the long - haired Achaeans bechildren of thine own womb."

Then made answer to him the ox-eyed, queenlyHera : " Most dread son of Cronos, what a wordhast thou said ! Lo, even a man, I ween, is like toaccomplish what he can for another man, one thatis but mortal, and knoweth not all the wisdom thatis mine. How then was I, that avow me to behighest of goddesses in twofold wise, for that I ameldest and am called thy wife, and thou art kingamong all the immortals—how was I not in mywrath against the Trojans to devise against themevil ? "

On this wise spake they one to the other; butsilver-footed Thetis came unto the house ofHephaestus, imperishable, decked with stars, pre-eminent among the houses of immortals, wrought allof bronze, that the crook-foot god himself had builthim. Him she found sweating with toil as he movedto and fro about his bellows in eager haste; for hewas fashioning tripods, twenty in all, to stand around

315

HOMER

8e aft VTTO KVK\O. eKdamo irvBîvi 9rJK€V, 375o<f)pa ol aurdjaorot delov Sucratar' dya)i>a178' awns Trpo? 8<S|iia veoiaro, 0av[j,a iSe'cr0ai.01 8' 17 TOI rdcrow ju,ei> eôy reAo?, ovara 8' oi» TTWSaiSaAea TrpocreKeiro' rd p' TjpTve, KOTTTC 8e 8e-

o^p' o ye raura rrovetro ibviflcri TTyoaTrtSecrcri, 380To<j)pa OL eyyvdev rjXde Oea ©en?rr)v Se l'8e TrpopoXovaa Xapi/caA^, T-^V ajTTVte Trept/cAuro?ev r* dpa ot ^£5 xetl°' eTro? T' e^»ar' e/c T*

©en TavvTTerrXe , t/cavets1 rjêrepov ScD 385re ^>i'A^ re; rrdpos ye /xev ou TI daîêis.

dAA' eVeo 7rpOT€pa>, iva rot Trap êtvta 9eiu>.""Q.S apa (f>a>viqaaaa, Trpoaa> d'ye Sla dedcov.

rr]V fJ,€V eVetTa Kadelarev evri dpovov dpyvporjXovKaXov ScuSaAe'oir UTTO 8e Oprjvvs rroolv yev 399fce'/cAero 8' "Hâio-rov K\VTOT€)(yTf]V etvre' re pvdov" "Hâiare, -npoôX c58e • OeVts1 i>u rt aeto

rr)v 8' i)ju,eL^Ser' eVetra" pa vu /xoi Seivry re /cac alBoirj deos evSov,-^ ju,' e'cracocr', ore //,' aAyo? d^t/cero rÂe Trecrovra 395

lorrjTL /cwaJTnSos, 17 ^t' eOeXiqaeeoi'ra* ror' at» Trddov aAyea dvpo),opr) re 0ert? ^' UTreSe'âro /coA7ra>,

, dvydrrjp difjoppoov 'Q/ceavoto.Trap' etvderes ^dA/ceuoi' SatSaAa TroAAa,2 400

1 Line 381 is omitted in many MSS.2 TroXXd : irdvTa Zenodotus and Aristophanes.

316


the wall of his well-builded hall, and golden wheels hadhe set beneath the base of each that of themselvesthey might enter the gathering of the gods at hiswish and again return to his house, a wonder tobehold. Thus much were they fully wrought, thatnot yet were the cunningly fashioned ears set there-on ; these was he making ready, and was forgingthe rivets. And while he laboured thereat withcunning skill, meanwhile there drew nigh to him thegoddess, silver-footed Thetis. And Charis of thegleaming veil came forward and marked her—fairCharis, whom the famed god of the two strong armshad wedded. And she clasped her by the hand, andspake, and addressed her : " Wherefore, long-robedThetis, art thou come to our house, an honouredguest, and a welcome ? Heretofore thou hast notbeen wont to come. But follow me further, that Imay set before thee entertainment."

So saying the bright goddess led her on. Thenshe made her to sit on a silver-studded chair, abeautiful chair, richly-wrought, and beneath was afootstool for the feet; and she called to Hephaestus,the famed craftsman, and spake to him, saying :" Hephaestus, come forth hither ; Thetis hath needof thee." And the famous god of the two strongarms answered her: " Verily then a dread andhonoured goddess is within my halls, even she thatsaved me when pain was come upon me after I hadfallen afar through the will of my shameless mother,that was fain to hide me away by reason of mylameness. Then had I suffered woes in heart, hadnot Eurynome and Thetis received me into theirbosom—Eurynome, daughter of backward-flowingOceanus. With them then for nine years' space I

317

HOMER

Tropiras re yvajLtTTTa? $' e'Ai/ca? /caAf/casr re /cat op/iou?ev OTrfj'C yXa.(f)Vpa) • Trept 8e poo? 'O/ceavotoacppa) noppvpcov peev aoTreros' ouSe TI? aAAo?ySeev ovTe dea>v oure dvrjTcov dvdptoTTtov,aAAa Qeris Te /cat Eupuvo^tTj tcrav, at /x' iadaiaav. 405T) VW f)[J,€T€pOV S6fJ,OV iK€f TO> fJL€ jLttt

TrdVra 0er6 KiaAAtTrAo/cajLioj âjaypta riveiv.aAAa CTJ) /Aet' vw ot irapddes êuvrjia Kao(f>p* av eycb (frvaas aTroêto/iat oVAa re

/cat 0,77' aK/xoêroio TreAcop aL-rjrov dvearif] 410UTTO Se KvfjfjLai patovro apatat.

<f>vaas pev p' a-Trdvevde ridei Trvpos, o?rAa re TTOLVTO.\dpvaK es dpyuperjv avX\e£aTO, rots errovelro •

8' a/x^>t 7rpocra»7ra /cat a(j,(f)(jo xetp' aTTOfjuopyvvre aTifiapov Kal arrjOea XaxvijfVTa, 415

e'Ae 8e cr/c-^Trrpov vraû, Se 6vpat,e8' <x/z0t7roAot pwovro avctKri

£,a>fj(n verjvicnv eloiKvlat.rfjs ev p,ev voos earl //.era <^pecrtV, eV 8e /cat auS^/cat aOevos, ddavdrcov 8e êa>v a7ro e'pya tcracrtv. 420at /iev VTraiQa CLVCIKTOS eTTOiirvvov avrdp 6 eppcov7T\r)<riov, evda ©eVt? Trep, eVt dpovov têeV T' apa ot ^»u XetP^ CTTOS" T' eâr' e/c r'" TtVre, ©e'rt ravuTreTrAe, t/cavei? rjp,erepov So)alSoirj re ^t'ATj re; Trapo? ye jttev ou rt â/ztêls1. 425ay'Sa o rt ^poveets1 • TeAe'aat Se jite 9vpos avaiyev,€i Suva/mi reAeVai ye /cat et TeTeAeoy/,eVoi> ecrrtV."

1 The precise meaning of the words denoting the variousarticles of Hephaestus' fashioning it is impossible to determinewith certainty, except in the case of op,uot.

2 The epithet atr^rov, which occurs only here, is whollyobscure.318


forged much cunning handiwork, brooches, and spiralarm-bands, and rosettes and necklaces,1 within theirhollow cave ; and round about me flowed, murmuringwith foam, the stream of Oceanus, a flood unspeak-able. Neither did any other know thereof, eitherof gods or of mortal men, but Thetis knew andEurynome, even they that saved me. And now isThetis come to my house; wherefore it verilybehoveth me to pay unto fair-tressed Thetis the fullprice for the saving of my life. But do thou setbefore her fair entertainment, while I put aside mybellows and all my tools."

He spake, and from the anvil rose, a huge, panting 2

bulk, halting the while, but beneath him his slenderlegs moved nimbly. The bellows he set away fromthe fire, and gathered all the tools wherewith hewrought into a silver chest; and with a sponge wipedhe his face and his two hands withal, and his mightyneck and shaggy breast, and put upon him a tunic,and grasped a stout staff, and went forth halting;but there moved swiftly to support their lord hand-maidens wrought of gold in the semblance of livingmaids. In them is understanding in their hearts,and in them speech and strength, and they knowcunning handiwork by gift of the immorval gods.These busily moved to support their lord, and he,limping nigh to where Thetis was, sat him downupon a shining chair ; and he clasped her by thehand, and spake, and addressed her : " Wherefore,long-robed Thetis, art thou come to our house, anhonoured guest and a welcome ? Heretofore thouhast not been wont to come. Speak what is in thymind ; my heart bids me fulfil it, if fulfil it I can,and it is a thing that hath fulfilment."

319

HOMER

T*» o» » in > v r\ ' * <$ 'iov o T^jLtetper eTretra (yen? Kara oaKpv" "Hâtor*, 77 apa 877 TI?, ocrat 0eat etcr' eV

7TO),

ToacraS' eVi <j>peaiv rjcnv dveaêro /c^Sea Xvypd, 430ocrcr' e/iot e/c iraattnv KpovtS^s1 Zeu? d'Aye' e'ScDwref ;e/c jLiev /A' dAAacoy aAtatoi/ ai^Spt $d[j,aaaev,Ata/ci'Si? IlTyATyt, /cat erXrjv dvepos evvrjvTroAAa /AcxA' ou/c edeXovaa. 6 p,ev $r) yrjpa'i Xvypto/cetTCu evl peydpois a/OTjju-eVo?, aAAa Se /xot vw - 435

eTtet jaoi ScD/ce yevecrdai re rpa<j)€[j,€V re,paxjijv 6 8' dveSpapev epve'i fcros"

TOV fj,€V eyci) dpeifjacra cpvrov tbs yovvtu dXcorjs,vrjvcrlv eTTnrpoerjKa Kopwvicnv "IXtov €icra>Tpcucrl jJLa^rjaofJievov • rov 8' ov% UTToSeÔjitat avns 440otKaSe voarrjaavTa. 86(j,ov \\.rf\ri'Cov e'icra),1

6(f)pa Se ju,ot âiet /cat 0|0a <pdos iêAtoto,dxyvrai, ovSe ri ol Swa/xai ^/jaicT/x-âat lovoa.Kovprjv TTJV dpa ol yepas eêXov vies 'Aâtcot',8

T7]V a^ e/c xeipaJv e'Aero Kpeiatv 'Aya/xe/Avcov. 44577 rot o TTJ? dêaiv (jypevas efiOiev avrdpT/ocDes1 e?rt TrpvfjLvrjcnv eetAeov, oySe 6vpa£,eeicov e^tevat • TOV Se \iaaovro yepovres'Apyetcui/, /cat TroAAa Trept/cAura Saip' oeV0' auro? fiev eTretr' ^vaivero Aotyw a/zwat, 450avrdp 6 IldrpoKXov rre/ot /iej^ ra a reuêa eaae,Tre'jLtTre 8e jittv vrdAe/u-dvSe, rroXvv 8' a/>ta Aaw OTracrcre.TrdV 8' ^/zap jLtapvavro ?rept S/cat^crt 7r/cat vv /cev avTYjfjiap TTO\IV GTTpaGov, el p,rjTroAAa /ca/ca peâvra Mevotrtou a'A/ctyiov utw 455f.KTO.v' evl Trpo/jidxoicrt /cat "E/cropt /cuSo? e'Sco/ce.

1 Line 441 was lacking in some ancient editions.2 Lines 444-456 were rejected by Aristarchus.

320


And Thetis made answer to him, shedding tearsthe while : " Hephaestus, is there now any goddess,of all those that are in Olympus, that hath enduredso many grievous woes in her heart as are thesorrows that Zeus, son of Cronos, hath given mebeyond all others ? Of all the daughters of thesea he subdued me alone to a mortal, even to Peleus,son of Aeacus, and I endured the bed of a mortalalbeit sore against my will. And lo, he lieth in hishalls fordone with grievous old age, but now othergriefs are mine. A son he gave me to bear and torear, pre-eminent among warriors, and he shot uplike a sapling; then when I had reared him as atree in a rich orchard plot, I sent him forth in thebeaked ships to Ilios to war with the Trojans ; butnever again shall I welcome him back to his home,to the house of Peleus. And while yet he liveth,and beholdeth the light of the sun, he hath sorrow,nor can I any wise help him, though I go to him.The girl that the sons of the Achaeans chose out forhim as a prize, her hath the lord Agamemnon takenback from out his arms. Verily in grief for her was hewasting his heart; but the Achaeans were the Trojanspenning at the sterns of the ships, and would notsuffer them to go forth. And to him the elders ofthe Argives made prayer, and named many gloriousgifts. Then albeit he refused himself to ward fromthem ruin, yet clad he Patroclus in his own armourand sent him into the war, and added therewithalmuch people. All day long they fought around'theScaean gates, and on that selfsame day had laidthe city waste, but that, after the valiant son ofMenoetius had wrought sore harm, Apollo slew himamid the foremost fighters and gave glory to Hector.

VOL. II Y 321

HOMER

vvv TCI ad yovvad* iKa.vop.ai, a'i /c' edeXrjadavC ejLto) wKVfJLopto 8o/êv dom'Sa real rpv^dXetavKal KaXcts Kvrj^jii8as emcnûptois1 dpapvias,KOL dwprjx • o -yap rjv ol aTTtoAecre mcrros ercupos 450Tptucri Sonets" o 8e /cetrat errt ^Qovl dvôv a

8' T]jaei/3er' eVetra^r] roi ravra

at yap /utv davdroio Sua^êos1 cSSevoa(f>iv dTTOKpviftai, ore /JLIV fiopos alvos iKavoi, 465co? ot reuêa /caAa TTapecraerai,1 old rt? auredv6pojTTU)v TroAecov OavfJMcraeTat,, 05 Kev 'iorjrai."

"Q? eiTrcov TTJV ju,ev XLirev avrov, firj §' em (f>vaas'ras1 S' e? irvp erpeijie KeXevcre re epydt,eadai.(f>voai 8' ev yoaxoiaw eetVocrt Tracrat €<f)vacov, 479TTavroirjv evTrprjarov a.vr^'r^v eâvietam,aAAore jitev cTTrewSovTi Trape/x^tevai, aAAore 8' ayre,

"HâtCTTO? T' eê'Aot /cat epyov dvoiro.8' ev TTupt jSaAAev areipea Kaaoirepov re

«:at xPvaov 7'lju'??';Ta /ccti apyvpov avrdp eTreira 475dfJKev €v aKfjioOerq) jiteyav aKpova, yevro Se X6t/°'paiarripa Kparzpriv, lrepr^(f)i 8e yevro Trvpdypif]v.

IIoi€i 8e TrpcuTicTTa adftos /Lteya re anfiapov reTrdvroae oaioaXXcov, nepl 8' avrvya /3dXXe <f)aecvrivrpiVAa/ca âpfjLaperjv, CK 8' dpyvpeov TeAa/zcDm. 430TreVre 8' ap' avrou ecrai^ aa/ceoj rrrv^s' avrap ev avra>TToi'et Sat'SaAa TroAAa lovirjai TrpaTTt'Secrcrtv.

'Ev ju.ev yaiav I'reu^', ev 8' oiipavov, ev oe ddXaa-aav,z

1 irapfoffercu: irapô/j-ai Zenodotus and Aristophanes.2 Lines 483-608 were rejected by Zenodotus.

322


Therefore am I now come to thy knees, if so bethou wilt be minded to give my son, that is doomedto a speedy death, shield and helmet, and goodlygreaves fitted with ankle-pieces, and corselet. Forthe harness that was his aforetime his trusty comradelost, when he was slain by the Trojans ; and my sonlieth on the ground in anguish of heart."

Then the famous god of the two strong armsanswered her : " Be of good cheer, neither let thesethings distress thy heart. Would that I might sosurely avail to hide him afar from dolorous death,when dread fate cometh upon him, as verily goodlyarmour shall be his, such that in aftertime many aone among the multitude of men shall marvel, whoso-ever shall behold it."

So saying he left her there and went unto hisbellows, and he turned these toward the fire andbade them work. And the bellows, twenty in all,blew upon the melting - vats, sending forth aready blast of every force, now to further him ashe laboured hard, and again in- whatsoever wayHephaestus might wish and his work go on. Andon the fire he put stubborn bronze and tin andprecious gold and silver ; and thereafter he set onthe anvil-block a great anvil, and took in onehand a massive hammer, and in the other took hethe tongs.

First fashioned he a shield, great and sturdy,adorning it cunningly in every part, and round aboutit set a bright rim, threefold and glittering, andtherefrom made fast a silver baldric. Five were thelayers of the shield itself; and on it he wroughtmany curious devices with cunning skill.

Therein he wrought the earth, therein the heavens

323

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rjeXiov T* dtcdfJiavTa aeXrjvrjv re TrXrjdovaav,eV Se TO. 7etpea irdvra, rd T' ovpavos ecrreâVcoTat,1 485

d> 'YaSa? re TO re aOevos 'Opt'wvo?', r^ Kat "A/xaâv eTrtKAôw /caAe'oucrtv,

17 T' auTou oTpe'êrat /cat T* 'Qpicova So/ceuet,0177 8' aî/Aopo? ecrrt Aoerpaiv 'QKeavoto.

'Ev 8e 8i5co Troirjae TroAei? [AepoTTcav dvdpa)7ra)V 490fcaAa?. ev ri] jueV pa ya/zot T' e'crav etAaTn'vat re,vvfji(f>as 8' e/c 6aXdjjiajv Sat'Scov UTTO AajMTro/zevacovrjyiveov dva aarv, TroXvs 8' u/zeVaios1 6pa>p€i.Kovpoi S' opxrjarfjpes eStVeov, et» 8' apa rolaivauAot ôp/Aiyyes re jSo^v e-ôv at Se ywat/ce? *95iardfjievaL 6avfj,a£,ov em 7rpo6vpoicnv e/cacrTTj.Aaot 8' eiv dyopf} ecrav d9pooi' evOa Se vet/co?topojpet, Suo 8' a^Spe? evet/ceov etVe/ca TTOLV^Sdv8pos aTTOKrafjuevov2 6 jLtev euêro TTCI^T' aTroSoOvatBrj^to) TTLâvaKcov, 6 8' dvaivero jLtTjSev eXeaOau • 500oip(f>a) S' ieaOrjv em iWopt TTetpap e'Aecrât.

1 otipai>os £aTe<f>dv<*}Tai : otipavbv tffTfQdvwKe Aristarchus,ovpavov 4crTr)pLKTai Zenodotus.

2 diroKTa/jievov Zenodotus :

1 This difficult but interesting passage is fully discussedby Leaf in the Journal of Hellenic Studies, viii. pp. 122 IF.,and in his Iliad, ii. 610 ff. The question at issue is oneof paramount importance in early society : whether or not,namely, the shedder of blood should be allowed to settlewith the kinsfolk of the man slain by payment of a blood-price. Others prefer to render the clause 6 5' avaivero [nrjdtve\t<r6ai, " but the other denied that he had received aught,"thus making the debate turn upon a question of fact merely,whether or not the price had been paid — an interpretationwhich lessens the significance of the scene, and somewhatstrains the use of avo.lv 0^0.1. In either case it is plain thatthe disputants lay the matter in the hands of an umpire,324


therein the sea, and the unwearied sun, and themoon at the full, and therein all the constellationswherewith heaven is crowned—the Pleiades, and theHyades and the mighty Orion, and the Bear, thatmen call also the Wain, that circleth ever in herplace, and watcheth Orion, and alone hath no part inthe baths of Ocean.

Therein fashioned he also two cities of mortal menexceeding fair. In the one there were marriagesand feastings, and by the light of the blazing torchesthey were leading the brides from their bowersthrough the city, and loud rose the bridal song. Andyoung men were whirling in the dance, and in theirmidst flutes and lyres sounded continually; andthere the women stood each before her door andmarvelled. But the folk were gathered in the placeof assembly ; for there a strife had arisen, and twomen were striving about the blood-price of a manslain ; the one avowed that he had paid all, declaringhis cause to the people, but the other refused toaccept aught;1 and each was fain to win the issueon the word of a daysman. Moreover, the folk were

or " daysman," who in turn, upon learning that it is aquestion of homicide, refers the matter to " the elders."The two talents of gold (too small a sum to be taken torepresent the blood-price itself) are to be understood as afee, one talent presumably having been deposited by eachlitigant, for that one among the " judges " whose decisionshould meet with the most general approbation. The•alternative view, that the two talents were to be paid to him" who should best plead his cause," does violence to themeaning both of Sf/cafoc and IfftivTara. (The relativelysmall value of the Homeric talent is proved e.g. by xxiii.262-270, where two talents form only the fourth prize. SeeRidgeway, Journal of Philology, x. 30, and Journal ofHellenic Studies, viii. 133ff.)

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Aaoi 8* dfufiorepoLcriv ITT^TTVOV, d/z^tj dpwyot.8' apa Xaov epijrvov oi Se yepovre?

' eTrt êoToicri Xidois tepa) eft KVK\O>,e KTjpvKttjv eV X^P®' ^Xov ^l^po^xovcav 505

TCHOW eVetr' rf'iaaov, dfJLOLprjSls 8e Sucaôv.8' ap' ev //.eVcrcx-cri Suw ^pvaolo raAavra,

Sequel/ o? /u,era rotcrt BLKTJV Idwrara etTroi.T^V 8' Irepyv ir6\iv a^l Suco arparol rjaro Aacov

jU,7ro/xevot • 8t%a Se a<f)icnv i]'vSave j3ovXr}, 510Siarrpadeeiv r) ai^Siâ Trdvra Sdaaadai,

oarjv TTToXizOpov eTnjparov euros eepyevoi 8' ou 7ra> TreidovTo, Adâ) 8' vrrzQwpriacrovTo.reiô? jU,ev p' aXo-%01 re ^>t'Aat /cat VT^TTta T€Kvapvar* eêcrradres', p:erd 8' dvepes ovs e' e yrypas" 515oi 8' icrav ^PX6 §' apa cr<^tv "Aprjs Kal IlaAAd?

8e etpara eodrjv,d) Kal jiteydAco crw reêatv, wj re $eto

d/ji(f)ls dpLîjXw Aaot 8' 1^77' oAtôve? T^cra^.ot 8' ore ST^ p' IKOVOV 081 a<f)icrw eiKre Aox^crat, 520eV TTora/Jico, oSi T' dpS/zos" CT^V TrdvTeocri fiorolaiv,eV^' apa rot y* tôvr' elXv/JLevoL a"0om âA/cai.rotCTi 8' eVetr' dirdvevOe Sva) OKOTTOL T]aro Aacuv,Se'y/zevoi OTTTrdre fJirjXa. iSotaro Kat eXiKas ftovs.OL 8e raxa TrpoyeVovro, 8t;a> S' dp;' CTTOVTO vo/Jirjes 525

- SdAov 8' ou rt Trpovorjaav.

1 The thought is that the besiegers might be " boughtoff," and led to spare the city, if half the possessions of thetownsfolk were handed over to them as ransom. In xxii.117-121 Hector debates whether he should not make thisvery proposal to Achilles.

326


cheering both, shewing favour to this side and to that.And heralds held back the folk, and the elders weresitting upon polished stones in the sacred circle,holding in their hands the staves of the loud-voicedheralds. Therewith then would they spring up andgive judgment, each in turn. And in the midst laytwo talents of gold, to be given to him whosoamong them should utter the most righteous judg-ment.

But around the other city lay in leaguer two hostsof warriors gleaming in armour. And twofold plansfound favour with them, either to lay waste the townor to divide in portions twain all the substance thatthe lovely city contained within.1 Howbeit the be-sieged would nowise hearken thereto, but werearming to meet the foe in an ambush. The wallwere their dear wives and little children guarding,as they stood thereon, and therewithal the men thatwere holden of old age ; but the rest were faringforth, led of Ares and Pallas Athene, both fashionedin gold, and of gold was the raiment wherewith theywere clad. Goodly were they and tall in theirharness, as beseemeth gods, clear to view amid therest, and the folk at their feet were smaller. Butwhen they were come to the place where it seemedgood unto them to set their ambush, in a river-bedwhere was a watering-place for all herds alike, therethey sate them down, clothed about with flamingbronze. Thereafter were two scouts set by themapart from the host, waiting till they should havesight of the sheep and sleek cattle. And these camepresently, and two herdsmen followed with themplaying upon pipes; and of the guile wist theynot at all. But the liers-in-wait, when they saw

327

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ot /iei> TO, TrpoiSdWe? eVeSpa/zov, c5/ca 8'ra/AvovT* dfj,<f)l fiocov dyeAa? /cat ncoea /caAa1

dpyevvecov ol&v, KTelvov 8' em fjLrjXofiorfjpas .ot 8' a>? ow errvdovro TTO\VV /ce'AaSoi' Trapa. fiovaiv 530

TrpoTrdpoide /ca^/zevot, CLVTIK* e^' t7T7ra;vde/ocrt7roSa>v iiertKiadov, alfia 8' IKOVTO.

8'/SaAAov 8' cxAAÂous1

ev 8' "E/ots1 ev Se KuSotîo? opiXeov, ev 8* oAoi) KT]/J, 535aAAov £cooi> eôvcra veovrarov, aAAov aovrov,aXXov reQvqwra Kara /jioOov eA/ce TroSouvet^Lta 8' e^' d//,^' CO/AOICTI Saôiêov at/iart <f)a)Ta>v.

8' c5? re â»ot fiporoi i^' e/idôvro,vs T' dAAÂwv epvov KaraTedvrjWTas . 640

'Ev 8' irlOfi vziov /xaAa/CTJv, irLeipav apovpav,evpeTav rpiTroXov TroAAoi 8' dpor'rjpes €v avrfjêyyea Stveuovres' eAdcrrpeov eV0a /cat evâ.Ot 8' 07TOT6 OTp€lfjaVT€S t/COlttTO TfXaOV dpOVprjS,

roiat, 8' eVetr' ev X€Pa^ ^7Ta^ /^teAt^Seos1 otVoi) 5458oa/cev di^p eVtciv rot Se arpeiftaaKov dv' oypovs,te/xevot veioto jSaêtiys" reXaov t/cecrât.17 8e yu,eAaiWr' oiTicrOev, dprjpofj,€vrj Se ew/cet,Xpvcreirj 77e/o eovoa,' TO 817 Trepi dav/jia tirvK.ro.

'Ev 8' ertêt re/Aevos1 âaiXrfiov >2 evâ 8' epiOoi 550rjfj,o)v d^-eia? S/aeTrdva? eV xepcrlv eôvres1.8pdy/zara 8' d'AAa jLter' oypov eTT^rpifjia Trlrrrov e'pa£e,

1 Trwea /ca\d : TTWU /*^*y' ot'wi' Zenodotus.

1 The word elpduv, occurring here only, was thus inter-preted in antiquity.328


these coming on, rushed forth against them andspeedily cut off the herds of cattle and fair flocksof white-fleeced sheep, and slew the herdsmen withal.But the besiegers, as they sat before the places ofgathering l and heard much tumult among the kine,mounted forthwith behind their high-stepping horses,and set out thitherward, and speedily came uponthem. Then set they their battle in array andfought beside the river banks, and were eversmiting one another with bronze-tipped spears. Andamid them Strife and Tumult joined in the fray, anddeadly Fate, grasping one man alive, fresh-wounded,another without a wound, and another she draggeddead through the mellay by the feet; and theraiment that she had about her shoulders was redwith the blood of men. Even as living mortals joinedthey in the fray and fought ; and they were halingaway each the bodies of the others' slain.

Therein he set also soft fallow-land, rich tilth andwide, that was three times ploughed ; and ploughersfull many therein were wheeling their yokes anddriving them this way and that. And whensoeverafter turning they came to the headland of the field,then would a man come forth to each and give intohis hands a cup of honey-sweet wine ; and theploughmen would turn them in the furrows, eager toreach the headland of the deep tilth. And the fieldgrew black behind and seemed verily as it had beenploughed, for all that it was of gold ; herein was thegreat marvel of the work.

Therein he set also a king's demesne-land, whereinlabourers were reaping, bearing sharp sickles in theirhands. Some handfuls were falling in rows to theground along the swathe, while others the binders

329

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cxAAa 8' d/zaAAoSeTr^pe? ev eAAeSavoicrt Se'ot>TO.rpeis1 S' dp' dpâAAoSeT^pe? e(j>earaaav • avrdp ornate770,186? Spaypêuovres1, ev dyKaAiSecrcri (frepovTes, 555

Trdpeôv /3aarL\ev$ 8' eV roicrte'xaJv earry/cei err' oypov yr^Qoavvos

8' arrdvevdzv VTTO Spw Saira -rrevovro,8' icpevaavres peyav apfieTrov • at, Se yvvaiK€?

epiOoiaiv X€VK' d'A^tra TroAAa TraiXvvov. 560Se Ttêt aTafivXfjaL yue'ya fipidovaav dXcorjVxpvaeirjv peXaves 8' oVa /Borpves rjaav,

Se Kapaî Sia/xTrepe? apyvpe-yaiv.>t Se Kvaverjv KaTrerov, Trepl S' e'p/cos1 e'Aacrae

Kaaairepov /xta S' 0117 drapTriTOS' êv evr' aur^v, 565viaovro fiopfjes, ore rpvyocoev aXcoijv.

l Se /cat rjtdeoL araAa, (ppoyeovresev TaAapotat <f)6pov p;eAt7^Se'a Kapirov.

roloiv S' eV p;e'crc70t(Ti Trdt's- ôpîyyi Atyen?t/xepoev Ki0dpi£,€, AtVov1 S' UTTO /caAov aetSe 570

>vfj- rol Se pijacrovres d/j,apTfjT* luy/xa) re TTOCTI cr/catpovres1 eirovro.

S' dyeATjv TToi^cre jSoaiv opBoKpaipdojvat Se /Joes ^pucroto rereuâro Kaaairepov re,p,VKrjd/jia) S' (XTTO KOTrpov eTreaaevovTO vopôvSe 575Trap 7rorap:ov /ceAdSoj/Ta, Trapa p'oSavov Sova/câ.Xpvoeiot, 8e vo[j,r]€S d'/z' ecrrtôcoi-'TO ^Sdeaatre'crcrapes', eVve'a 8e' crît KVVCS TrdSa? dpyot errovro.ap,ep8aAe'co Se Ae'ovre Su' ev Trpcbrrjai fioeaai

1 \lvov. \ivos Zenodotus.1 The Linos-song was a dirge for the departing summer.

This rendering follows Aristarchus. Zenodotus read XtVos,which gives the sense, " the string (of the lyre) sang sweetlyin accompaniment of his delicate voice."330


of sheaves were binding with twisted ropes of straw.Three binders stood hard by them, while behindthem boys would gather the handfuls, and bearingthem in their arms would busily give them to thebinders ; and among them the king, staff in hand,was standing in silence at the swathe, joying in hisheart. And heralds apart beneath an oak weremaking ready a feast, and were dressing a great oxthey had slain for sacrifice; and the women sprinkledthe flesh with white barley in abundance, for theworkers' mid-day meal.

Therein he set also a vineyard heavily laden withclusters, a vineyard fair and wrought of gold ; blackwere the grapes, and the vines were set up throughouton silver poles. And around it he drave a trench ofcyanus, and about that a fence of tin ; and onesingle path led thereto, whereby the vintagers wentand came, whensoever they gathered the vintage.And maidens and youths in childish glee were bearingthe honey-sweet fruit in wicker baskets. And intheir midst a boy made pleasant music with a clear-toned lyre, and thereto sang sweetly the Linos-song 1

with his delicate voice ; and his fellows beating theearth in unison therewith followed on with boundingfeet mid dance and shoutings.

And therein he wrought a herd of straight-hornec'kine : the kine were fashioned of gold and tin, andwith lowing hasted they forth from byre to pasturebeside the sounding river, beside the waving reed.And golden were the herdsmen that walked besidethe kine, four in number, and nine dogs swift of footfollowed after them. But two dread lions amid theforemost kine were holding a loud-lowing bull, and

331

HOMER

ravpov epvyfJbrjXov exeryv o Se jj,a.Kpa /J,€{J,VKOJS 580e'A/cercr TOP 8e KWe? /xere/a'aôv i]S' alfyoLTO) jU,ev dvappr)£avT€. Boos /ueydAoio fioelyvey/cara «rat ^te'Aav atfta Xoxfrvaaerov • ot Se voprjesaura)?1 evoieaav raêa? /cwa? OTpvvovres.ol o* rj rot, SaKeeLv p,ev a.7T€Tpa>7Ta)VTO Xeovrcov, 585tfrra/xevot §e /zaA' eyyu? uAa/creov e'/c r' aAeoj'To.

'Ev Se vofjiov TrotTjcre TTepi/cAuro?eV KaXfj /3r]cro"r) peyav olaJv dpyevvawv,o~Tad/jiovs re K\iaia$ re /car^peêa? iSe

'Ev 8e X°POV TTOiKiXAe rrepLKXvTos a^^tyyTJec? 590TO) t'/ceAoy otov 770r' et't Kvtocrai evpeir)Aat'SaAos1 riQ~Kr)a€V KaAAt7rAo/ca//.OJ 'AptaS^.eV$a yuet' rjtdeoi /cat rrapdevoi aAêcrtôtatcupêwr', dAAÂa)!' CTTI Kaprra) êtpay eôvre?.TOJJ/ 8' at êv AeTrrds1 oOovas e%ov, ot Se ^trcDt'a? 595etar' evvvTJrovs, rjKa ariX/3ovTa$ eAata) •/cat p ' at /xet' /caAds1 crre^dVa? eôv, ot See*Xw XPvaeâ$ *£ dpyvpetov reAa/zcof aw .ot 8' ore /z«> BpeâaKov eTTtcrra/zeVotcrt TroSecrcrtpeta yitaA', a*? ore rt? rpoôv appevov ev rraXd^rjcnv 600elôfievos Kepapevs TreipTJaerai,, at /ceaXXore S' au QpeâaKOv errl crnâ?TroAAos 8' ifj,€p6evra %opov rrepiiarareprr6p,€voi' Sota> Se Kvftio'TrjTrjpe /car* awrous" 604, 605

8e Ttêt TTorafjiolo />teya crdevos 'O/ceavotoavryya Trap TTVfjLdrrjv cra/ceos1 TTVKO: TTOLTJTOIO.

Avrdp €7T€L or] T€v£e era/cos1 /ueya re anfiapov re,1 otfrws : otfrws Zenodotus.2 Lines 597 f. were rejected by Aristophanes and Arist-

archus.332


he, bellowing mightily, was haled of them, whileafter him pursued the dogs and young men. Thelions twain had rent the hide of the great bull, andwere devouring the inward parts and the black blood,while the herdsmen vainly sought to fright them,tarring on the swift hounds. Howbeit these shrankfrom fastening on the lions, but stood hard by andbarked and sprang aside.

Therein also the famed god of the two strong armswrought a pasture in a fair dell, a great pasture ofwhite-fleeced sheep, and folds, and roofed huts, andpens.

Therein furthermore the famed god of the twostrong arms cunningly wrought a dancing-floor likeunto that which in wide Cnosus Daedalus fashionedof old for fair-tressed Ariadne. There were youthsdancing and maidens of the price of many cattle,holding their hands upon the wrists one of the other.Of these the maidens were clad in fine linen, whilethe youths wore well-woven tunics faintly glisteningwith oil; and the maidens had fair chaplets, andthe youths had daggers of gold hanging from silverbaldrics. Now would they run round with cunning feetexceeding lightly, as when a potter sitteth by hiswheel that is fitted between his hands and makethtrial of it whether it will run ; and now again wouldthey run in rows toward each other. And a greatcompany stood around the lovely dance, taking joytherein ; and two tumblers whirled up and downthrough the midst of them as leaders in the dance.

Therein he set also the great might of the riverOceanus, around the uttermost rim of the strongly-wrought shield.

But when he had wrought the shield, great and

333

HOMER

Tev£' apa ol 6u>pr]Ka <£aetvoTepoi> Trvpos avyrj?, 610?€v£e Se ol KopvOa fipLaprjV Kpordôis apapviav,xaXyv SatSaAeTjv, CTTI Se "^pvaeov \6<$>ov rjK€,Tevê Se ot KVTjyLtiSas' eavou Kaacnrepoio.

Avrap eTTet Trav^' oTrAa /ca/xe KAvTO? a/x^tyuTjei?,fjb^Tpos 'A^tAAijos 07JKe TTpcrtrdpOLOzv aetpa?. 61517 S' tp^ w? aAro /car' OuAujitTrou viôevros1,

Trap1 'Hâtaroto <f>epovoa.

334


sturdy, then wrought he for him a corselet brighterthan the blaze of fire, and he wrought for him a heavyhelmet, fitted to his temples, a fair helm, richly-dight,and set thereon a crest of gold ; and he wrought himgreaves of pliant tin.

But when the glorious god of the two strong armshad fashioned all the armour, he took and laid itbefore the mother of Achilles. And like a falconshe sprang down from snowy Olympus, bearing theflashing armour from Hephaestus.

835

IAIAAOS T

/nev KpoKOTretrXos O.TT' 'O/ceavoio podiovopvvQ*, lv* dOavdroicn (p6a>s cêpot ^Se jSporotau''"f] 8' es vrjas i«:ave 6eov vrapa Stopa ^>epoucra.eu/3€ Se riarpo/cAa> Trept/cet/xevov ov (f>LXov vlov,K\aiovra Aiyeai?' TroAees 8' aju</>' aurov eraipoi 5pvpovd' • rj 8' ev Totcri TraptaraTO 8ta deduiv,eV T' apa ot <^>u XetP^ OTTOS' T' 4'iciaT' eV T' ovop.aê*" ' e/xdv, TOUTOV juei> eaaojLiev d^vu/êvot ?rep

cu, erret 817 TrpcDra 0ecov I6rt]ri Sajudcr^Tj •8' ' H<£ai'(7TO(.o Ttapa /cAura reuêa. Seô, 10

/caAa ju,aA', of ou TTO) rt? avi^p ajjLtotat*0? apa (fxjovâaaa 6ea Kara retrê'

tAAôj- TO, 8' dvejSpaê Sat'SaAa Trdvra.8' apa irdvras e'Ae rpopos,1 ou8e TI?

eVArjeto-tSeeiv, aAA' erpeaav. avrdp 'A^tAAeus 15

cos etS', cio? fitv jaaAAov e'Su ^dAos, ev 8e ot oaaeSetvov UTTO j8Ae<âpcov "cos1 et cre'Aa? eêfidavdevrepTrero 8' ev êipecrcrti' ep^cov êou dyAaa ScDpa.avrdp eTrei (fjpeaiv râi rerdpTrero SatSaAa Aeucrcrcov,

/XTjrepa ^v eVea Trrepdev'Ta rrpoarjvâ- 20€^17, ra p-ev OTrAa 0eo? rropev ot'

1 rpojuos: </>6j3os Zenodotus.336

BOOK XIX

Now Dawn the saffron-robed arose from thestreams of Oceanus to bring light to immortals andto mortal men, and Thetis came to the ships bearingthe gifts from the god. And she found her dear sonas he lay, clasping Patroclus, and wailing aloud ;and in throngs round about him his comrades wereweeping. Then in the midst of them the brightgoddess came to his side, and she clasped his hand,and spake and addressed him : " My child, this manmust we let be, for all our sorrow, to lie as he is,seeing he hath been slain once for all by the will ofthe gods. But receive thou from Hephaestus gloriousarmour, exceeding fair, such as never yet a man bareupon his shoulders."

So saying the goddess set down the arms in frontof Achilles, and they all rang aloud in their splendour.Then trembling seized all the Myrmidons, neitherdared any man to look thereon, but they shrankin fear. Howbeit, when Achilles saw the arms, thencame wrath upon him yet the more, and his eyesblazed forth in terrible wise from beneath their lids,as it had been flame ; and he was glad as he heldin his arms the glorious gifts of the god. But whenin his soul he had taken delight in gazing on the gloryof them, forthwith to his mother he spake wingedwords : " My mother, the arms that the god hath

VOL. II 2 337

HOMER

epy' e'jiiev ddavdrwv, pyrySe fiporov oVSpa reAe'oxrat..vvv 8' TI roi jLiev eya; 0a>p7]|o/xat • aAAa p,dA' atva)?Sei'Sco /XT] jixoi To</>pa MevotTtou aA/a/xov utovjituiat /caSSuom Kara âAtfOTmrous' aireiAas1 25euAa? eyyetvcot'Tai, aetKtcrcrtocri Se veKpov—e/c 8* atoov 7T€(j)arat—Kiara. Se xpoct Travra

Tov 8' T]jLteij8er' eVetra 0ea ©en?" TCKVOV, ]Lt7] rot raura jLtera ^>pecri orr]crtTOJ juev eyco Treip^cra) dAaAKretv aypta <£0Aa, 30fj,vias, at pa re (^coras1 dpTjtîaTou? /careSouo'ii'•TfV Trep yap Ketrat ye reAecrôpov et? evtaurov,aiet TO) y' ecrrat XP^S e/XTreSo?, ^ feat apeia>v.cxAAa CTU y' ei? ayopr^v /caAecra? TJpcoas 'Apâtous1,/u.TJj'iv (XTToetTTcov 'AyajLAe'jLtvovt, TTotjLtevt Aacov, 35att/ta ju,aA' e? TroAejUov 0top7jcrcreo, Svcreo 8' d

"O? apa (j)O)vriaaaa /nevo? iroXvOapcres e8' aur' apfipoGirjv /cat re/crap epvdpov

Kara pivaiv, tva ol XP<*>S ep^TreSo? etrj.Aurap o )8^ irapa 0iva OaXdacrqs 8to? *A^tAAeus' 40

cr/zep8aAe'a la^cov, (bpaev 8' ypcoas 'Aîcat p ot Trep TO rrapos ye veaiv ev ayaiviot re KyjSepvi^Tat Kat e' ov otTji'a VTJOJV/cat ra/xtat Trapa vrjuortv ecrav, atroto Sorrjpe?,Kat jiMp ot Tore y' et? dyop^v taav, owe/c' 'A^tAAey? 45€^€(j>dvr], Srjpov Se ^d^s eTreVaur' dAeyetv^s1.TCO 8e Suo) cr/cdôvre j3aT7jv "Apeo? Oepdrrovre,

T€ fJLeveTTToXejJios Kcd 8tos '

THE ILIAD, XIX. 2£-48

given are such as the works of immortals should fitlybe, such as no mortal man could fashion. Nowtherefore will I array me for battle ; yet am I soreafraid lest meantime flies enter the wounds that thebronze hath dealt on the corpse of the valiant sonof Menoetius, and breed worms therein, and workshame upon his corpse—for the life is slain out ofhim—and so all his flesh shall rot."

Then the goddess, silver-footed Thetis, answeredhim: " My child, let not these things distress thy heart.From him will I essay to ward off the savage tribes,the flies that feed upon men slain in battle. Foreven though he lie for the full course of a year, yetshall his flesh be sound continually, or better eventhan now it is. But do thou call to the place ofgathering the Achaean warriors, and renounce thywrath against Agamemnon, shepherd of the host,and then array thee with all speed for battle andclothe thee in thy might."

So saying, she filled him with dauntless courage,and on Patroclus she shed ambrosia and ruddy nectarthrough his nostrils, that his flesh might be soundcontinually.

But goodly Achilles strode along the shore of thesea, crying a terrible cry, and aroused the Achaeanwarriors. And even they that aforetime were wont toabide in the gathering of the ships—they that werepilots and wielded the steering-oars of the ships, orwere stewards that dealt out food—even these camethen to the place of gathering, because Achilles wascome forth, albeit he had long kept him aloof fromgrievous war. Twain there were, squires of Ares,that came limping, even Tydeus' son, staunch infight, and goodly Odysseus, leaning each on his spear,

339

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epaSoju,eya> • ert yap eôv eA/cea Auypa •\ o . c - \ \ t 5 ^ wv- /Kao oe juera TTpojTrj ayoprj IL,OVTO /aovres.

avrap 6 SeirraTo? 7jA0ev aVa^ avSpcov 'e'A/co? eôov /cat ya/3 TOV evt Kparepfj vOVTCL Kocoy 'Avrrjvopt'S^s' âA/C7ypef Soupt.aurap ewet §•>] Travre? doAAicr^Tjcrav 'Aâiot,rotcri 8' a^tCTTa/iet'o? /zere^Tj TroSa? ai/cw? 'A^tAAeus ' 55" 'Arpei'Sr^, ^ ap rt roS' a.{j,(f)OTepOLaiv apetoveVAero, crot /ecu eju,ot, ore vai't ?rep dÛjiieVco /c^p

eiV€Ka Kovprjs;0(/>eA' eV vijecrcri KaraKrdp,€V "AprefJiis l&>,

TO) or* eycuv e\6p,r]v AupvTjcrcrov aAe'crou? ' 60TO) K' ou Tocrcrot 'Apâioi oSd^ e'Aov aaTrerov ouSas1

Svcrfjievzcov VTTO xepcriv, ejMev a.TTOfJi'rjvicravTos ."E/cropt jLtev /<rat Tpcoori TO Ktp&iov • aurap 'AâtousSrjpov e/x.^? Kai CTTJ? e'ptSo? fivqaeadai, otco.dAAa TO, jitev Trporeru^âi eacro/Aev d^vu/xevoi Trep, 656vpov €vl arrjdeaoi, tyXov SajLtacravre? dvcxy/cTj1

vwv 8' TJ rot p,ef eyco 7rava> %6Xov, oi)Se TI /xe p^p^dfTKeAecos1 atet jU,eveatvep:ev • dAA' aye Odaaovorpvvov 7rdAe/x,wSe Kapr] KOfiocovras 'A^cuous1,oîp' ert /cat Tpc6a>v Tretprâo/xat dvriov eXQwv, 70at K' eê'AaJcr' errt vTjucrtv tauetv dAAa rtv' otcoao-Tracrta)? auraiv' ydvu Kafjufjeiv, os KGS^tbu1 e/c TToAe/xoto UTT* eyêo? ^/.terepoto."

"Q? €<f)ad' , ol 8' e^dpTjcrai' eu/cv^jLt

HrjXstajvos .

340

THE ILIAD, XIX. 49-75

for their wounds were grievous still; and they wentand sat them down in the front of the gathering.And last of all came the king of men, Agamemnon,burdened with his wound ; for him too in the fierceconflict had Coon, Antenor's son, wounded with athrust of his bronze-shod spear. But when all theAchaeans were gathered together, Achilles, swift offoot, arose among them and said : " Son of Atreus,was this then the better for us twain, for thee andfor me, what time with grief at heart we raged insoul-devouring strife for the sake of a girl ? Wouldthat amid the ships Artemis had slain her with anarrow on the day when I took her from out the spoilafter I had laid waste Lyrnessus ! Then had not somany Achaeans bitten the vast earth with theirteeth beneath the hands of the foemen, by reason ofthe fierceness of my wrath. For Hector and theTrojans was this the better, but long shall theAchaeans, methinks, remember the strife betwixtme and thee. Howbeit, these things will we let beas past and done, for all our pain, curbing the heartin our breasts because we must. Now verily makeI my wrath to cease : it beseemeth me not to bewroth for ever unrelentingly; but come, rouse thouspeedily to battle the long-haired Achaeans, to theend that I may go forth against the Trojans andmake trial of them yet again, whether they be fainto spend the night hard by the ships. Nay, manya one of them, methinks, will be glad to bend hisknees in rest, whosoever shall escape from the furyof war, and from my spear."

So spake he, and the well-greaved Achaeans waxedglad, for that the great-souled son of Peleus re-nounced his wrath. And among them spake the

341

HOMER

roicn, Se Kal jU-ereetTrev ava£ di'Spoii/ '£ e8pr)$, ouS' ev /ze'dcroicriv dvaoras"2

'fjpujes Aavaot, Oepdrrovres "Aprjos,/caAdv CLKOVZIV, owSe eot/cei>

ov yap eVicrrajiteVaj Trep eovn. 808' ev 77oAAa» djMaSa) TTOJ? icev Tts aKovoai

etTrot; Âa^Serat Se AtyJ? TTC/O eaw ayoprjTrjs-jicev eyajj/ et-Seiôftai • aurap ot a'AAot

avvOead' 'Apyetot, [Mvdov T* eu yiâire eKaaros-7roAAa/ct Sry p:ot Tovrov 'Aâtot [j,vdoi> eeiTrov, 85«m re yu,e vetKetecr/cov • eyco 8' ou«r amd? etît,aAAa Zeus' Kat Motpa /cat •êpoôtTt? 'EptvJ?,01 re' jttoi etv ayopij (f)p€alv e^fiaXov aypiov a,rf]V,iîan TO> 6V 'A^tAAôs1 ye pas avros aTrrjvpcov.aAAa, Tt Kev pe'ât/it; êo? 8ta Tpdvra reAeura. 9077pe'crj3a Aid? Qvydrrjp "Arrj, T} Trdvras darai,ovXopevr] • rrj pev 6' aTraXol TrdSe? • ou yap €77* ou'SetmXvarai,, ciAA' apa 17 ye /car' dfSpa)i> Kpdara âtvet/SAd'TTToya' dvOpWTTOVS' Kara S'ovv erepdv ye 7reS?jcre./cat yap 817 vw wore Ziyv 3 acraro, rdi' Trep dpiarov 95avSpaiv TjSe 9ea)v ^>aa' e/zp,evat • dAA' apa /cat TOV

1 Line 76 was giveu by Zenodotus in the form,TOIlTt 5' a,VLffTdfJ.€VOS /J.€Tt(f)T) KpeLUV 'Aya/ULffJiVUV

z Line 7T was omitted by Zenodotus.3 ZTJP' : Zei)s Aristarchus.

1 If the text be correct, we must understand this to meanthat Agamemnon (who appears to have come to the assemblywith much reluctance, and to have been much embarrassedby the applause so frankly given to Achilles) arose and spokefrom the place where he sat without coming forward intothe midst of the assembly. It is clearly stated that hecame last of all, after Diomedes and Odysseus, of whom itis expressly said that they took their seats pera Trpdrri dyopy,342


king of men, Agamemnon, even from the placewhere he sat, not standing forth in their midst:1

" My friends, Danaan warriors, squires of Ares, meetis it to give ear to him that standeth to speak, noris it seemly to break in upon his words ; grievous werethat even for one well-skilled. And amid the uproarof many how should a man either hear or speak ?—hampered is he then, clear-voiced talker thoughhe be. To the son of Peleus will I declare my mind,but do ye other Argives give heed, and mark wellmy words each man of you. Full often have theAchaeans spoken unto me this word, and were everfain to chide me ; howbeit it is not I that am atfault, but Zeus and Fate and Erinys, that walkethin darkness, seeing that in the midst of the place ofgathering they cast upon my soul fierce blindness onthat day, when of mine own arrogance I took fromAchilles his prize. But what could I do ? it is Godthat bringeth all things to their issue. Eldestdaughter of Zeus is Ate that blindeth all—a powerfraught with bane ; delicate are her feet, for it isnot upon the ground that she fareth, but she walkethover the heads of men, bringing men to harm, andthis one or that she ensnareth. Aye, and on a timeshe blinded Zeus, albeit men say that he is thegreatest among men and gods ; yet even him Hera,and such nervousness on the part of the king is in entireharmony with the tone of his opening Tvords. This viewdoes not necessarily imply the existence of a rostrum fromwhich the speakers habitually spoke, although, if the obscureelpaiav in xviii. 531 really means " speech-places," it wouldindicate something of the sort. Zenodotus rejected line 77,and modern editors have been inclined to follow him, holdingthat it flatly contradicts the ecrraoros of line 79. If theinterpretation given above (largely after Lendrum, ClassicalReview, iv. 47) be correct, there is no contradiction.

343

HOMER

"H/077 Of}Xvs eovaa 8oXo(f>poavvrjs dTO; 6V e/xeAAe j8i'i7i> '

77 TOI o y' evôpevos /zere^rj Travreacri dcolari' 100K€K\VT€ LC€U, TVaVTCS1 T€ 06Ot TT&aai T€

r /xe vp,os ev cmecrow avcoyet.avSpa ôcocrSe poyoaroKoso? Travreacrt Trept/CTiweCTcrtvaJv yeve^s1 ot 0' at/xaros1 e|

TW Se 8oAo<^poveoucra TrpocrrjvBa irorvia' ifjevarrjaeis, 01)8' aure Te'Ao? [j,v()tp eimei 8' aye vw juoi ofjuocraov, 'OAu/^Tne, Kaprepov opKov,TI /xev rov Travrecrcri -Trept/crtoveacrtv avaêiv,os fev CTT' ân raiSe Trecrry ju-era vrocrai ywai/cos noTtDv dvSpaiv ot crT^s1 e^ ai/xaro? €to*ta>s €<j)aro' Zeus S' 011 rt SoAo(/>/oocrw7]i> evoTaAA' o/jioaev /xeyav opKov, eVetTa 8e TroAAov adaOrj.

S' dt'âaa XLTTCV plov OuAujUTroio,8' iftrer' "Apyos 'Aâu/cov, ev^' a/oa '817 115

aAoôv 2êveAoi> riepaiîaSao.• 8* e/cuei <j)iXov vlov, 6 8' e'j88o/ios e€K 8' ayaye 77/30 <f)6aja8e /cat r/XiTo^vov edvra,'AA/c/iT^VTj? 8' aTreTraucre ro/cov, aê' e 8' EtAeiûiaur^ 8' dyyeAeovora Aia Kpovtajv'a TTpocnqvSa'' Zeu Trdrep dpyiKepavve, eVos rt rot ev" <f)p€ai

ye'yoj/' ecrÂo?, o? 'Apyetotcrtv dvaêt,u?, SfleyeAoto Trdi? IIe/o(T7]ta8ao,

aot' yeVos" oy 01 det/ce? avaaaeêv 'Apyetotati/.'344


that was but a woman, beguiled in her craftiness onthe day when Alcmene in fair-crowned Thebe wasto bring forth the mighty Heracles. Zeus verilyspake vauntingly among all the gods : ' Hearkenunto me, all ye gods and goddesses, that I may speakwhat the heart in my breast biddeth me. This dayshall Eileithyia, the goddess of childbirth, bring tothe light a man that shall be the lord of all themthat dwell round about, even one of the race of thosemen who are of me by blood.' But with craftymind the queenly Hera spake unto him : ' Thouwilt play the cheat, and not bring thy word to fulfil-ment. Nay, come, Olympian, swear me now amighty oath that in very truth that man shall belord of all them that dwell round about, whoso thisday shall fall between a woman's feet, even one ofthose men who are of the blood of thy stock.' Sospake she ; howbeit Zeus in no wise marked hercraftiness, but sware a great oath, and therewithalwas blinded sore. But Hera darted down and leftthe peak of Olympus, and swiftly came to AchaeanArgos, where she knew was the stately wife ofSthenelus, son of Perseus, that bare a son in herwomb, and lo, the seventh month was come. Thischild Hera brought forth to the light even beforethe full tale of the months, but stayed Alcmene'sbearing, and held back the Eileithyiae. And herselfspake to Zeus, son of Cronos, to bear him word :' Father Zeus, lord of the bright lightning, a wordwill I speak for thy heeding. Lo, even now is borna valiant man that shall be lord over the Argives,even Eurystheus, son of Sthenelus, the son ofPerseus, of thine own lineage ; not unmeet is it thathe be lord over the Argives.' So spake she, and

34,5

HOMER

<£>s (ftdro, TOV 8' aô? o£v /card (frpeva rvifte fiaQeiav • 125aurt/ca 8' etA' "ArrjV /ceâAr^s1 Ai7rapo7rAo/cd|U,oioâ)6/jL€Vos (frpeaiv ^crt, /cat cop;ocre /caprepov opKovJU-TJ TTOT' eV OvXvprrov re /cat ovpavov dcrrepoevTa

zXtvaeadai "Aryv, rj rrdvras adrat.ei77cov eppufjev aTT* ovpavov aarepoevro? 130

Trepicrrpei/ras', Taâ §' tAcero epy' dv9pu>7TCOV.TT]v cuet arevaêcr^', 6'^' ew $i\ov vlov opatroepyov aet/ce? eôvra UTT' Eupucr^ô? deOXcov.a)S /cat eycov, ore §17 aure /zeyas1 xopv9aioXos "E/crcop'Ajoyetoi;? oAe/cecr/cev e?rt TTpv^vfjaL vz&aaiv, 135ou 8um/x7jv AeAa0eo$' "ArTj?, ^ Ttpwrov ddcrdyv.dAA' eTret daad/jL-rjv /cat //,et» 0peVa? e^-eAero Zeu?,cti/» edeXco oxpe'crai, 8o/xevat T* aTrepetcrt' anoiva.'dAA' opaev TroAe/xovSe, /cat aXXovs-opvvOi Xaovs.Swpa §' eycbv 6'Se Travra Trapacrê/.tev, ocrcra rot IXdtbv 140p(0i£6s' ei't KXiairjcriv UTreaêro Sto? 'OSucroreus1.et 8' eêAet?, Irciîvov eTretyoêt'os' TTC/J "Aprjos,8copa Se rot OepdirovTCS €p,rjs Trapa vrjos eXovresotcrofcr', ofipa. t'Sât o rot /xevoet/cea Scoaco."

Tov 8' aTra/xetjSo/xevos1 TTpo(T€(f)rj TrdSa? d)Kvs 'ApîA-Aeu?' 145

" 'ArpetBr] /cuStcrre, ava|- dvSpa>i/ 'Ayd/xe/zvov,SaJpa fJiev at /c' edeXrjcrda Trapacrêjitev, c6s eTTtei/ce?,' T' eê/xet', Trapa aot' vw 8e /WTjcmijitefla âp^t^?

ati/ra jLtdA'* ou yap ^p-^ /cAoToTreueti/ et'âS' eovra?ou8e StarptjSetv • en yap p,eya epyov ape/croi/ • 150cos1 Ke TI? aur' 'A^tA-â pierd TrpaSrotcrtv t'S^rat

1 It was really, of course, the night before the last: a dayof fighting and a night of mourning have intervened (xviii.354).246


sharp pain smote him in the deep of his heart, andforthwith he seized Ate by her bright-tressed head,wroth in his soul, and sware a mighty oath that neveragain unto Olympus and the starry heaven shouldAte come, she that blindeth all. So said he, andwhirling her in his hand flung her from the starryheaven, and quickly she came to the tilled fields ofmen. At thought of her would he ever groan,whenso he beheld his dear son in unseemly travailbeneath Eurystheus' tasks. Even so I also, whattime great Hector of the flashing helm was makinghavoc of the Argives at the sterns of the ships, couldnot forget Ate, of whom at the first I was madeblind. Howbeit seeing I was blinded, and Zeusrobbed me of my wits, fain am I to make amendsand to give requital past counting. Nay, rouse theefor battle, and rouse withal the rest of thy people.Gifts am I here ready to offer thee, even all thatgoodly Odysseus promised thee yesternight,1 whenhe had come to thy hut. Or, if thou wilt, abide awhile, eager though thou be for war, and the giftsshall squires take and bring thee from my ship, tothe end that thou mayest see that I will give whatwill satisfy thy heart."

Then swift - footed Achilles answered him, andsaid : " Most glorious son of Atreus, Agamemnon,king of men, for the gifts, to give them if thou wilt,as is but seemly, or to withhold them, rests with thee.But now let us bethink us of battle with all speed ;it beseemeth not to dally here in talk,2 neither tomake delay, for yet is a great work undone—to theend that many a one may again behold Achilles amid

2 The meaning of K\oroTreveiv, which occurs only here inall Greek, must be inferred from the context.

347

HOMER

i' âA/cetoj Tp(La>v oAe/coi/raa>Se' TI? vfjLeia)v fj,€fj,vr]fj,evos dvSpi

Tov S' drr ape ifio fj,evos rrpoae^ri TroXvfJirjTis 'OSucr-creus"

" /Hi) §17 OVTCOS dya$o? wep ea>v, #eoet/ceA' 'A^tAAeu, 155or/owe Trporl "lAiov uias- 'Aâtaiv

1, evret ov/c oAtyov ^povov ecrrat€vr* civ TTpwTov OjHtA^crcu

avSpaiv, ev Se êo? Trvevcrrj fjuevosdAAa Trdaaadai avco^dt dofjs CTTI vr]valv 'Aâtoy? 160crtrou /cat ot'voicr TO yap p,evos ecrrt «rat dA/CT^.ov yap avrip irpoTrav r)[j,ap e? rjeXiov KaraSvvraa.K[j,r]vos airoto Suj/Tjcrerat arraet Trep yap dvfjia) ye [AevoivdqdAAa re Xddpr) yuta papvvercu, rjSe Ki^dvei 165Su/ia re Kat XL/JLOS, jSAdjSerat Se re yowar' lovn.05 Se /c' dv^p oiVoto Kop€ocrd/j,€vos /cat eScuS^s1

dvSpdcrt SyCT/êveecrcrt 7rav7^p;eptos'-7roAe//,t^7y>

dapaaXeov vv ot T^rop eVt (frpeoiv, ouSe rt yutaTrptv Ka/juveL, irplv Travra? epcorjaai 7ToAep,oto. 170dAA' aye Aaov /uei' a/ceSaaov Kat SetTrvov ava>)(diOTrXeadai • ra Se ScDpa ava^ dotcreVco e? fjLeaorrjv a.yopr\v, Iva. irdvres6(f)6aX[j,oXaiV t'Scocrt, cru Se (frpeoi ofjaw lavdfjs.6/JLwero) Se rot opKov eV 'Apyetotcrtr dvacrrds1, , 175jLtTy TTore T^? ew^? €m^fji€vaL i^Se fJMyrjvafTJ defjLis ecrrtVj aiva£, TJ T' dv8pa>v TJ re ywai/ccDv1

/cat Se crot avraj dvpos €vl (f>pealv tAaos e'ora>.1 Line 177 is omitted in many MSS.

348


the foremost laying waste with his spear of bronzethe battalions of the men of Troy. Thereon let eachone of you take thought as he fighteth with hisman."

Then Odysseus of many wiles answered him andsaid : " Nay, valiant though thou art, godlike Achilles,urge not on this wise the sons of the Achaeansto go fasting against Ilios to do battle with the menof Troy, since not for a short space shall the battlelast when once the ranks of men are met and the godbreathes might into either host. But bid thou theAchaeans by their swift ships to taste of food andwine ; since therein is courage and strength. Forthere is no man that shall be able the whole daylong until set of sun to fight against the foe, fastingthe while from food ; for though in his heart he beeager for battle, yet his limbs wax heavy unawaresand thirst cometh upon him and hunger withal, andhis knees grow weary as he goeth. But whoso, havinghad his fill of wine and food, fighteth the whole daylong against the foemen, lo, his heart within him isof good cheer, and his limbs wax not weary until allwithdraw them from battle. Come then, dismissthou the host, and bid them make ready their meal.And as touching the gifts, let Agamemnon, king ofmen, bring them forth into the midst of the placeof gathering, that all the Achaeans may behold themwith their eyes, and thou be made glad at heart.And let him rise up in the midst of the Argives andswear to thee an oath, that never hath he gone upinto the woman's bed neither had dalliance with her,as is the appointed way, O king, of men and ofwomen ; and let the heart in thine own breast beopen to appeasement. Thereafter let him make

349

HOMER

avrap errzird ere Satrt eVt /cAtcri^?Iva pr) ri SI/CT^? emSeue? e^crfla. 180?, cri) 8' eVetra St/catdrepos' /cat eV' aAAa>

ecraeai. ov p^ yap rt ve/xecrcr^rovaVSp' aTrapecraacrdat, ore ns rrporepos

Tov 8' aure rrpoaecLTrev ava£ dvopa)v 'aev, AaeprtaS^, TW pvdov a-Kovaas- 185yap Travra Stt/ceo /cat AcareAeâ?.

raura S' e'ycov1 eê'Ato o/xoaat, /ce'Aerai Se /xoj)S' €mopKr)aa> Trpos Sat'/xovo?. avrap ']U,t)U,veTa» avroOi rfjos eTreiyo/xevos" 7T6/3 "Aprjos"/At/ivere 8' aAAoi Trdvres doAAees1, o^>pa «:e 8a>pa 190e/c KXioir]$ eXdrjcn /cat op/cta mora rd[J,(jO[J,ev.crot S' aj5T<3 roS' eycoj/ eTnreAAoyLtat T]8eKpLvdfj,€i>os Kovpyras dpicrrfjas8copa enrjs rrapa vrjos eVet/ceyuei/, 6'cro1'"xdit,ov VTrecrrypev Sdjcretj/, dyejuev re yuât/ca?. 195

Los Se /xoi c6/ca /cara arparov evpvv 'AâtaiveroL/naardrw, ra/zeetv An' T' 'HeAta> re."

Tov S' aTTaji€L6Ji€vos T T o a e f 77oSas"

/cvS«TTe, ava^ dvSpcDvaAAore ?rep /cat /xaAAov oê'AAere ravra ntvzadai, 200oTTTTore TIS /xera 7ravcra>Xrj TToAe/zoto yevTjrat/cat IJLZVOS ov roaov fjcriv evl arrjdeaaiv e/zotcrt.vw 8* ot yitet' /cearat SeSat'y/ievot, ou? e8dp,aacrev"E/crcop nptajLttS^?, ore ot Zeu? /cuSo? e$a)K€v,

8' e? f$ptori)v orpvverov rj r* av eycu ye 205dvdSyotjLtt TrroAe/xtêtv uta?

1 The rendering given above is unobjectionable in pointof sense, but does not harmonize with the parallel passages,xxiv. 369, Od. xvi. 72, and xxi. 133. In all of these ns refers350


amends to thee in his hut with a feast full rich, thatthou mayest have nothing lacking of thy due. Sonof Atreus, towards others also shalt thou be morerighteous hereafter ; for in no wise is it blame fora king to make amends to another, if so be he waxwroth without a cause." 1

To him then spake again the king of men,Agamemnon : " Glad am I, son of Laertes, to hearthy words, for duly hast thou set forth the wholematter, and told the tale thereof. This oath am Iready to swear, and my heart biddeth me thereto,nor shall I forswear myself before the god. But letAchilles abide here the while, eager though he befor war, and abide all ye others together, until thegifts be brought from my hut, and we make oathsof faith with sacrifice. And to thine own self do Ithus give charge and commandment : Choose theeyoung men, princes of the host of the Achaeans, andbear from my ship the gifts, even all that we promisedyesternight to give Achilles, and bring the womenwithal. And let Talthybius forthwith make me readya boar in the midst of the wide camp of the Achaeans,to sacrifice to Zeus and to the Sun."

But swift-footed Achilles answered him, and said :" Most glorious son of Atreus, Agamemnon, king ofmen, at some other time were it e'en better that yebe busied thus, when haply there shall come betweensome pause in war, and the fury in my breast benot so great. Now are they lying mangled, theythat Hector, son of Priam, slew, when Zeus vouch-safed him glory, and ye twain are bidding us to meat!Verily for mine own part would I even now bid the

to the object of the preceding infinitive, while here it refersto the subject.

351

HOMER

vrjcmcts aKurfvovs, CLfia 8' r)€\LO)Teu£acr$ai peya Sopirov, eTrrjTrplv 8' ov TTOJS aV €fj,oi ye (/)iXov Kara Aatjuof leLtov iroais ovoe fipaJcris, eraipov Tedvrjajros, 210os [J>oi eVt KXioir] SeSaty/zevo? oêl' âA/cai/cetrat dva irpodvpov rerpafjupevos, aî S' Iralpoifjivpovrai' TO /xot oy rt jLtera (jtpeal ravra ^le/u.TjAej',dAAa </)6vos Te /cat at^ta /cat dpyaXeos crrovos

av8pa>v,"Tov 8' a,7ra,€L6ji€vos Troaer TToXvj.Tis 'O8ucr-

215'Ap^tAeu, nTyAôs1 vie, /xe'ya êprar' 'Aâicuv,

i? eêdev /cat êprepo? ou/c oAtyov Trepeyco 8e /ce aeto vorffjuari ye irpoâXoifJi'r]V

TToXXov, enel Trporepos yevoys(]v /cat TrXeiova oloa-TO) rot eTTiTXrjTto Kpaolr) fj,vdoiaiv e[J,Oicn,v. 220ati/fcx re (f>vX6m$os TreXerai Kopos dvdpa)7TOi(nv,rjs re TrXeiarrjv /u,ev KaXdp,rjv -%6ovi âA/cos eêvev,

8' dAtytcTTos1, e77i^v /cAtvijcrt rdXavraus, oy T* dvdpa>7TO>v rapids TroXepoio reru/crat.

yacrrept 8' ou TTCO? e'ort veKW Trevdrjcrai, 'Aâto Js • 225yap TroAAot /cat eTTTjTpi/xot rjfj,ara rravra

Trore /ceV rt? dvanvevcreie TTOVOIO;dXXd %pr) rov iêv KaradaTTTeiv os K€ ddvycrt,vrjXea dvpov eôvras, eV ^'/iart 8aKpvaavras'oacroi 8' aV 7roAe)uoto Trept arvyepolo Xiircuvrai, 230fj.efMvfjadai, TTOOIOS /cat e8rjTVos} o^>p' en fjiaXXovdvSpacrt ovojJbeveecrai fJLaâ)peda vaiAe/xe? aiet,ecrcrd/xevot XP°^ XC(A/<:°V dretpe'a. /z^Se' TIS dXXrjv

1 Possibly merely as a symbol of departure, althoughRohde (Psyche, p. 22 n.) and others find the origin of the352


sons of the Achaeans do battle fasting and unfed,and at set of sun make them ready a mighty meal,when we shall have avenged the shame. Till thatshall be, down my throat, at least, neither drink norfood shall pass, seeing my comrade is dead, who inmy hut lieth mangled by the sharp bronze, his feetturned toward the door,1 while round about him ourcomrades mourn ; wherefore it is nowise on thesethings that my heart is set, but on slaying, andblood, and the grievous groanings of men."

Then Odysseus of many wiles answered him, andsaid : " O Achilles, son of Peleus, far the mightiestof the Achaeans, better art thou than I and mightiernot a little with the spear, howbeit in counsel mightI surpass thee by far, seeing I am the elder-born andknow the more ; wherefore let thine heart endureto hearken to my words. Quickly have men surfeitof battle, wherein the bronze streweth most strawupon the ground, albeit the harvest is scantiest,whenso Zeus inclineth his balance, he that is for menthe dispenser of battle. But with the belly may itnowise be that the Achaeans should mourn a corpse,for full many are ever falling one after another dayby day ; when then could one find respite from toil ? 2

Nay, it behoveth to bury him that is slain, steelingour hearts and weeping but the one day's space ;but all they that are left alive from hateful war mustneeds bethink them of drink and of food, to the endthat yet the more we may fight with the foemenever incessantly, clothed about with stubborn bronze.

custom in the belief that the position made it more difficultfor the ghost to come back.

2 i.e. toilsome fasting for the dead, not, as usually, thetoil of war.

VOL. II 2 A 353

HOMER

ojv orpwrvv TroTtSeypêvo? lrj8e yap orpvvrvs- KCLKOV ecraerat os KG AiV^rat 235vyvalv eV 'Apyecwv • aAA' dupooi opfMrjOevresTpcoorii' e^' tTrTToSa/iotow iyeipoêv o£vv "Aprja."

^H, /cat Necrropo? vlas OTTOO-OUTO /cySaAt/ttoio,CDuAetSrî/ re Meyr^ra ©oavra re MTjptoî/ re/cat K/oetoi'TtaSTji' Au/co//-7j8ea /cat MeAamrTroi' • 240/3av §' ifjLev e? /cAtcrtTyv 'Ayafê^vovos 'Arpet'Sao.aurt/c' eVet^' a/u.a fj,v6os €f]V, rereAecrro 8e €pyov •€7TTa jLtev e/c /cAtatT^s1 rpirroâs <f>epov, ovs ol vaWcwas 8e Xeflyras eet/cocrt, SaSSe/ca 8'CK 8' ayov alijfa ywat/ca? dfJ>v/j,ova epya tSuta? 245eTTr', a/rap oySoar^v1 BptCT^tSa KaX\nr<ipr)ov .

8e o-r^cras1 'OSucreus1 8e/ca Travra. raAavra

/cat ra /xev ev /xecrcrTy ayopfj deaav, av 8' 'tOTO/ro ' Ta\6v/3LOs Se êa» evaXiyKios avSrjv 250KO-TTpOV e^CDV €f X€Pa^ TTapLGTO-TO TTOLêVL

r\ OL 'nap £i(f)eos /ae'ya /couAew atev acopro,Kairpov aTTO rpLâs dp£dfj,evos, Att êtpeuêro • TOI 8' apa irdvres err avr6(f)W rjaro ocyfj 355'Apyetot /cara potpav, aKovovres jSacrtAôs'.ev^dêvos 8' apa etvrev tSwv ets ovpavov evpvv

terra) vvv Zeus' irpoJra, 6ea>v vrraros /cat aptcrros",Fi re /cat 'HeAio? /cat 'Ewye?, at ^' WTTO

vpa)iTOVS rvvvTai, ort? /c etop/cov fj,6acrrj, 260/.ti) /uev e'yco Kovp-tj Bpto-^fSt Xev' eVeVet/ca,

1 eVr', drd/!) o75odri;y: ££, aTop £^So/j.dTijv Zenodotus.S54


And let no man of all the host hold back awaitingother summons beside, for the summons is this : 111shall it be for him whoso is left at the ships of theArgives. Nay, setting out in one throng let us rousekeen battle against the horse-taming Trojans."

He spake, and took to him the sons of gloriousNestor, and Meges, son of Phyleus, and Thoas andMeriones and Lycomedes, son of Creon, andMelanippus ; and they went their way to the hutof Agamemnon, son of Atreus. Then straightway inthe one moment was the word said, and the deedfulfilled. Seven tripods bare they from the hut,even as he promised him, and twenty gleamingcauldrons and twelve horses ; and forth they speedilyled women skilled in goodly handiwork ; seven theywere, and the eighth was fair-cheeked Briseis. ThenOdysseus weighed out ten talents of gold in all, andled the way, and with him the other youths of theAchaeans bare the gifts. These then they set inthe midst of the place of gathering, and Agamemnonrose up, and Talthybius, whose voice was like agod's, took his stand by the side of the shepherd ofthe people, holding a boar in his hands. And theson of Atreus drew forth with his hand the knifethat ever hung beside the great sheath of his sword,and cut the firstling hairs from the boar, and liftingup his hands made prayer to Zeus ; and all theArgives sat thereby in silence, hearkening as wasmeet unto the king. And he spake in prayer, witha look up to the wide heaven: " Be Zeus mywitness first, highest and best of gods, and Earthand Sun, and the Erinyes, that under earth takevengeance on men, whosoever hath sworn a falseoath, that never laid I hand upon the girl Briseis

355

our* ejV/7? 7Tpo(j>acnv /ce^p^yutVos1 ovre rev aXXov.dAA' efjiev* aTrpoTip.aoros' eVi /cAiffiôw e/j,fjai,v.ei Se rt rcDvS' (.TriopKov, ep;ot 0<=ot aAyea SoievTToAAa p,aA', ocrcra SiSouow OTIS cr<^' dXirrjrai

OjU.oacras'." 265TH, /cat CITTO oTOfiaxov Ka-rrpov raîe VTjAet

TOV /iev' TaXdvfiios TroXifjs dAo? eV /iteyapti/'' CTTcSwrjaas, /36criv l^Qvaiv avrap 'avo-ra? 'Apyetotcrt <^tAo7TToAe)u.oi(rt

" "Lev Trarep, y fjieydXas ara? avSpeaoi StSotaâ- 270ou/c av ST^ Trore dvfjuov evi aTTJdecrcnv eôiaivArpetBrjs copwe StafiTrepeV, ouSe /ce Kovprjv

fyev e/ueu aeKovros ap,tjxavos' aÂa TTOÎ Zeus'ydeA* 'Aâtotcriv Qdvarov TroAeeacrt yevladai.vvv S' epêcr ' 67T6 SetTn'ov, tva £vva.yaj{j,ei> "ApTja." 275

"Q? ap' e(/)a)vrj(T€v , Xvcrev S' dyop-^v aii/jrjpTJv.01 /jiev ap' ecrKiBvavro erjv em vfja e/cacrro?,ScDpa Se Mupyu-iSot'es1 /êyaXijropes aêTrevovro,pav S €7rt vâ (pepovres 'A^tAAô? Qeioio.Kal ra pev eV /cAtcrt^crt Qeaav, KaQiaav Se yuvat/ca?, 280

S' etV dyeXrjv eXacrav OepaTrovres dyavoLS' ap' eVetr', t/ceA7j

Aty' e/cco/cue, xepat S' dfivacreT' 178' aTraA^ Beiprjv 18 e KaXd TrpoacuTra. 285

etWe S' apa /cAaioyaa ywij ei'/cuia Oefjai'Ae //.oi SeiA^ TrAeicrrov Keâptcrp.et'e Bv^co,ere e'Xenrov eya> AcAtcrt^êv lovcra,

vvv 8e ae Tedvrj&ra /aôVo/iou, opâp,e AacD^ ,a0 cxvtoiJo-'' c5? jitoi Several /ca/cot1 e/c KO.KOV alei. 290

356


either by way of a lover's embrace or anywise else,but she ever abode untouched in my huts. And ifaught of this oath be false, may the gods give mewoes full many, even all that they are wont to give tohim whoso sinneth against them in his swearing."

He spake, and cut the boar's throat with thepitiless bronze, and the body Talthybius whirled andflung into the great gulf of the grey sea, to be foodfor the fishes ; but Achilles uprose, and spake amongthe war-loving Argives :

" Father Zeus, great in good sooth is the blindnessthou sendest upon men. Never would the son ofAtreus have utterly roused the wrath within mybreast, nor led off the girl ruthlessly in my despite,but mayhap it was the good pleasure of Zeus that onmany of the Achaeans death should come. But nowgo ye to your meal, that we may join in battle."

So spake he, and hastily brake up the gathering.Then the others scattered, each to his own ship, butthe great - hearted Myrmidons busied themselvesabout the gifts, and bare them forth to the ship ofgodlike Achilles. And they bestowed them in thehuts, and set the women there, and the horsesproud squires drave off to the herd.

But Brisei's, that was like unto golden Aphrodite,when she had sight of Patroclus mangled with thesharp bronze, flung herself about him and shriekedaloud, and with her hands she tore her breast andtender neck and beautiful face. And amid herwailing spake the woman like unto the goddesses :" Patroclus, dearest to my hapless heart, alive I leftthee when I went from the hut, and now I find theedead, thou leader of hosts, as I return thereto :thus for me doth evil ever follow hard on evil. My

357

HOMER

avbpa /.lev a) eSocrav fj,€ Trarrjp /cat TTOTVIO,el8ov TT/OO TTToAio? SeSaiy//,eVoJ' ofet âA/car/oets1 Te /ca.CTiyi' TOus', roifc fôi /xia yetVaroKTjSeiovs, OL Travres1 oXedpiov rjâp

uSe /iey ouSe /*' eacr/ces1, or' aVSp'295

e TToAtV 9ei(3LO Mw^TOJ,

aAAa /u,' e' aovces1 'A^tAAôs1 deioiodijaew, aêiv T' evt vyvaiv

es tf?9l,r]v, SatcreiP' 8e ya/zov /zero, Mu/>fuSoj/e<7cri.TO) or' a/jLorov /cAata) redvrjora, jLteiAtôp' aiet." 300

€<f>aro /cAatoucr', errt Se arevdxovro7rp6(j)aaiv} a(f)a>v 8' a^raiv

auroi' 8' a./u</>t yepovres 'AâicDXiacroêvoi SeiTrvfjcrat • 6 8' rjpvelro" Aicrcro/xat, et TI? e/woi' ye <f>L\a>v emTTfideO' eraipcov, 305/Z7y /tie Trptr crtroio /ceAeuere /z^8e Trorrjrosaaaadat (f)iAov rJTop, eTret //.' aô? alvov t/cavet •Swra 8' e? rjeXiov fjbevea) Kal rAô-oâi e/x-TT^s1."

rt£2s" eiTrcbv aAAofs1 /*ev arrecr/ceSacrev /3acriXfjas,SOLO) S' 'Arpe'tSa fjLtverrjv /cat Stos1 'OSucraeus1, 310Necrrcop 'ISojitei'tus' re yepcov &' LTnrr]re/JTrovre? TTVKIVWS aKa^fjievov • ouSe' rtrepTrero, Trplv 7ToXefj,ov aroâ. Su/xeâi

1 That Patroclus promised more than it would have beenpossible for him to perform is in keeping with the kindlinessof his character which is so often emphasized. As to thequestion of marriage, however, between a Greek prince anda captive, it must be remembered that Achilles calls Brisei'shis wife, explicitly in the text of ix. 336 as commonly read,and implicitly in any case. Cf. the note on ix. 336.

2 It seems more in keeping with the simplicity of Homericthought to take trpofiatriv of a real cause, rather than torender, as is commonly done, " in semblance for Patroclus,"358


husband, unto whom my father and queenly mothergave me, I beheld mangled with the sharp bronzebefore our city, and my three brethren whom mineown mother bare, brethren beloved, all these mettheir day of doom. But thou, when swift Achillesslew my husband, and laid waste the city of godlikeMynes, wouldst not even suffer me to weep, butsaidest that thou wouldst make me the wedded wifeof Achilles,1 and that he would bear me in his shipsto Phthia, and make me a marriage-feast among theMyrmidons. Wherefore I wail for thee in thy deathand know no ceasing, for thou wast ever kind."

So spake she wailing, and thereto the women addedtheir laments ; Patroclus indeed they mourned,2 buttherewithal each one her own sorrows. But aroundAchilles gathered the elders of the Achaeans, be-seeching him that he would eat; but he refusedthem, moaning the while: "I beseech you, ifany of my dear comrades will hearken unto me,bid me not before the time sate my heart with foodor drink, seeing dread grief is come upon me. Tillset of sun will I abide, and endure even as I am."

So spake he, and sent from him the other chief-tains, but the two sons of Atreus abode, and goodlyOdysseus, and Nestor and Idomeneus and the oldman Phoenix, driver of chariots, seeking to comforthim in his exceeding sorrow ; but no whit wouldhis heart be comforted until he entered the mouthof bloody war. And as he thought thereon he

whereby the pretended lamentation for him covers the ex-pression of the individual woes of the women. As inter-preted above the passage is as true psychologically, and wemay compare lines 338 f. and xxiv. 167 ff. (Leaf), in whicha grief really felt calls up the memory of other and deepersorrows.

359

HOMER

fj,vrjad/ji€vos §' dSwcos aveveiKaro <j)a>vrjCf€v re'" rj pa vv juot TTOT6 Kal av, 8ucra/x/>to/)e,

315Xapov Trapd SeiTrvov

aiifta Kal orpaXecos, orrore aTrep-ôiar' 'Tpaiolv €(f}* tTTTroSa/iotcrt (f>€peiv TToXvSaKpvv "Aprja.vvv Se oil [j,€V K€tcrai SeSaiyyueVos1, avrap epov KrjpOLK^TIVOV TTOOIOS Kal eS^TUO?, evSov eovrcov, 320crfj TToBff ov fj,€V yap TL KaKcorepov aXXo TrdOoi/jii,ou§ et K€V rov Trarpos aTro^î/zeVoio 7rv6oi[J,r]vt

os TTOV vvv <$>9iri(pi T€pev Kara SaKpvov et)8eti' roiouS' ufos" o §' aAAoSaTrai ei't ST^HO)

'EAevTys1 Tpcoaiv TroAe/zi^w 325976 TOV o? ÊiKVpo.) fj,oi €VL rp€(j)€Tai (f>iXos vlos,i Troy en ^wei ye NecmroAe/zos' êoetS^?.1

7T/3iv jttev yap /zoi 9vfj,6s evl orrjdeaaiv eoATretotbi' e/u,e (f>8laea6ai O.TT' "Apyeos ITTTTOÔTOIOavrov evl Tpoirj, ere Se' re O^t-^vSe veeodai, 330to? af /xot TOV TrcuSa â^ evt v^t /ueAaiV^îKVpoOev e^-ayayois" /cat 01 Setêia? e'/caora,

yap Tl~r]Xrjd y' oibyLtat ^ /caraT] TTOV TVT0OV €Tl ^COOVT* aACCt^CTât 335

i re crrvyepa) Kal e^r/v TroriBeypevov alelXvyprjv dyyeXirjv, or' aTro^î/AeVoio Trvd^rai."

"O? €(paro KXaicov, eVt Se crrevaôvro yepoj/re?,^vrjcrdpevoL ra e/cacrTO? evt jLteyapotaiv eXenrev.1 Line 327 was rejected by Aristophanes and Aristarchus.

360


heaved a heavy sigh and spake, saying : " Ah verilyof old, thou too, O hapless one, dearest of my com-rades, thyself wast wont to set forth in our hut withnimble haste a savoury meal, whenso the Achaeansmade haste to bring tearful war against the horse-taming Trojans. But now thou liest here mangled,and my heart will have naught of meat and drink,though they be here at hand, through yearning forthee. Naught more grievous than this could I suffer,not though I should hear of the death of mine ownfather, who now haply in Phthia is shedding roundtears for lack of a son like me, while I in a land ofalien folk for the sake of abhorred Helen am warringwith the men of Troy ; nay, nor though it were hethat in Scyrus is reared for me, my sonl well-beloved—if so be godlike Neoptolemus still liveth. For untilnow the heart in my breast had hope that I aloneshould perish far from horse-pasturing Argos, herein the land of Troy, but that thou shouldest returnto Phthia, that so thou mightest take my child inthy swift, black ship from Scyrus, and show him allthings—my possessions, my slaves, and my greathigh-roofed house. For by now I ween is Peleuseither dead and gone, or else, though haply he stillliveth feebly, is sore distressed with hateful old age,and with waiting ever for woeful tidings of me, whenhe shall hear that I am dead."

So spake he weeping, and thereto the elders addedtheir laments, bethinking them each one of what hehad left at home. And as they mourned the son of

1 Mention of a son of Achilles—the Neoptolemus soprominent in later developments of the tale of Troy—is madeagain in xxiv. 467, but seems out of harmony with the Iliadas a whole.

361

HOMER

8* apa rovs ye I8d>v eXerj&e Kpovian>, 340alifta S' ' Adrjvairjv erred Trrepoevra TTpocrrjvoa'

" reKVov epov, Sr) Trdpirav oVoiêat dvopos eoio.1

r\ vv roi ovKeri irdyxv fêra <f>peai

Kelvos o ye TrpoTrdpoiQe. vecov opdoKpaipdcov•^crrat oSvpofjievos erapov <j)iXov oi 8e 817 a'AAoi 345otôj/rat /iera Seirrvov, o 8' dKfjurjvos Kal aTraaros.aAA' Wi ol veKrap re /cat d/jippoairjv epareLvrjVard£ov evl aTrjdeacr' , Iva {Mij ptv Aipos t/CTjrai."

"£ls eiTrajv opvvro Trdpos fJiepavlav 'Adrjvrjv•f) S* apTrr) e'iKvla T0.vvnr4.fvyi Atyu^covco 350ovpavov €K /careTraAro St* aidepos. avrdp 'avTLKa OcopijcrcrovTo Kara arparov rj 8' 'veKrap evl arriQeaai /cat dp,^pocrir]v

, iva py fj,w AtjU-o? oLTepirrjs yovvaO' t/cotro •Se Trpos1 Trarpos epiaOeveos TTVKWOV Sat 355

arêro, rot 8' aTrdvevde veaiv eêovro 6oda)v.cos 8' ore ra/xêtat vt(f)dBes Ato? e/CTroreo^rai,

i, VTTO pnr-YJs aldprjyeveos Bope'ao,rore rap0etat KopvOes Xa^rrpov yavowcrat

eK<f)opeovTo /cat dcrmSe? o^âAoecrcrat 360re /cparatyyaAot /cat fjieiXtva Sovpa.

8' ovpavov t/ce, yeXaacre Se ndaa rtepl \da)vXaXi<ov VTTO areporrrjs ' VTTO Se KTVTTOS Jtpvvro Troaalvdvopcov ev Se /ê'croicrt Kopvaaero Slos 'A^tAAeJ?.rov /cat oSovTWi' /zej/ Kava^rj TreXe, rd) Se ot ocrcre2 365

1 eoZo Zenodotus : e-)}os.2 Lines 365-368 were at first rejected by Aristarchus,

though he afterwards removed the " obeli " (marks of con-demnation). '

1 We can go no further than say that the apirq was certainlysome bird of prey.362


Cronos had sight of them, and was touched withpity ; and forthwith he spake winged words untoAthene :

" My child, lo thou forsakest utterly thine ownwarrior. Is there then no place in thy thought anymore for Achilles ? Yonder he sitteth in front ofhis ships with upright horns, mourning for hisdear comrade ; the others verily are gone to theirmeal, but he fasteth and will have naught offood. Nay go, shed thou into his breast nectarand pleasant ambrosia, that hunger-pangs come notupon him."

So saying he urged on Athene, that was alreadyeager : and she like a falcon,1 wide of wing and shrillof voice, leapt down upon him from out of heaventhrough the air. Then while the Achaeans werearraying them speedily for battle throughout thecamp, into the breast of Achilles she shed nectar andpleasant ambrosia that grievous hunger-pangs shouldnot come upon his limbs ; and then herself was goneto the stout-builded house of her mighty sire, andthe Achaeans poured forth from the swift ships.As when thick and fast the snowflakes flutter downfrom Zeus, chill beneath the blast of the NorthWind, born in the bright heaven; even so then thickand fast from the ships were borne the helms, bright-gleaming, and the bossed shields, the corselets withmassive plates, and the ashen spears. And thegleam thereof went up to heaven, and all the earthround about laughed by reason of the flashing ofbronze; and there went up a din from beneath thefeet of men ; and in their midst goodly Achillesarrayed him for battle. There was a gnashing of histeeth, and his two eyes blazed as it had been a flame

363

HOMER

s e'i re rrvpos creXas, ev oe ol rjropovv' a\os arXyrov 6 8' apa Tpioalv jneveaivcovovcrero oajpa 6eov, rd OL "Hâtcrros1 /ca/ie rev^cov.Kvrj^lSas p,ev rrpcora rrepl KV^/Jur/aLV e9r]K€KaXds, dpyvpeoicriv £TTia<f)Vpiois apapvias' 370Sevrepov o.\) 6a)pr]Ka -nepl arrjOeacnv e'Suvev.d]j,(f>l S' ap' ajpoiaw fidXero j;i<f)os dpyvpdrjXov•%a\K€ov avrdp eVetra aaKos jiteyct. re ariflapov reelXero, rov 8' arcdvevQe aeXas yeVer' rjvre ntfvrjs.cos S' or' av e/c TTOVTOIO creAa? vavrrjcn (fravijr) 375Kaioêvoio rrvpos, TO re Kaierai viftod* opecr(f>Lara6p,a) ev olorroXco • rovs 8* ot)«r edeXovras aeXXaiTTOVTOV err* Ixdvoevra (f>iX<ji)V drrdvevdecos owr' 'AîAAô? aaKeos creXas aidep'KaXov SaiSaAeov rrepl Se rpv<f)dXeiav deipa? 380Kparl dero flpiaprjv 17 8' acrrrfp to? direXafjuTTevimrovpcs rpvfidXeia, rrepLoaeiovro S' edeipaiXpvcreai, a? "Hâtcrros1 te6 X6<f>ov d^l â/zeta?.rreiptjdrj 8' eo avrov ev evreai 8ios 'AîAAey?,et of eâpfjiocraeLe KOL evrpe%oi dyAacx yuta.1 385TO) S' evre Trrepa yiyver* , detpe 8e Tfoip,eva Xaa>v.eK 8' dpa avptyyos rrarpat'Cov earrdoary eyxos,

v /Jieya anfiapov TO fj,ev ov 8war' aAAo?

rrdXXew, aAAa fjn,v olos erriffraro TrfjXat, 'IlÂtaSa iêXirfv, rrjV rrarpi îXco Trope Xeipcov 390nÂtoy e'/c Kopv<f>rjs, <f)6vov €fi/j,€va(, ripcoeaaw.ITTTTOVS 8' A.vro[j,e§cov re Kal "AXKipos dp,<f>t€7TOVTest,evyvvov • dfji^l oe KaXd XerraSv' eaav, ev oe %aXivovs

1 y via : <5wpa.2 Lines 388-391 were rejected by Aristarchus.

364


of fire, and into his heart there entered grief thatmight not be borne. Thus in fierce wrath againstthe Trojans he clad him in the gifts of the god, thatHephaestus had wrought for him with toil. Thegreaves first he set about his legs: beautiful they were,and fitted with silver ankle-pieces, and next he did onthe corselet about his chest. And about his shouldershe cast the silver-studded sword of bronze, and there-after grasped the shield great and sturdy, where-from went forth afar a gleam as of the moon.And as when forth over the sea there appeareth toseamen the gleam of blazing fire, and it burnethhigh up in the mountains in a lonely steading—butsore against their will the storm-winds bear themover the teeming deep afar from their friends ; evenso from the shield of Achilles went up a gleam toheaven, from that shield fair and richly-dight. Andhe lifted the mighty helm and set it upon his head ;and it shone as it were a star—the helm with crestof horse-hair, and around it waved the plumes ofgold, that Hephaestus had set thick about the crest.And goodly Achilles made proof of himself in hisarmour, whether it fitted him, and his glorious limbsmoved free ; and it became as it were wings to him,and lifted up the shepherd of the people. And forthfrom its stand he drew his father's spear, heavy andhuge and strong, that none other of the Aehaeanscould wield, but Achilles alone was skilled to wieldit, even the Pelian spear of ash that Cheiron hadgiven to his dear father from the peak of Pelion, tobe for the slaying of warriors. And Automedon andAlcimus set them busily to yoke the horses, andabout them they set the fair breast-straps, and cast

365

HOMER

yafJL<j)rjXfls e/taJW, /card 8' rjvia reivai> OTTICTO-COKoXXyrov TTOTL $i(f>pov. 6 Se p-dartya (f>aeivr]v 395

H Xaf3d)v dpapvlav e<£' LTTTTOUV dvopovcrev,1 • OTTidev Se Kopvcrad[j,evos firj 'A^tAAeus,

TrapxâiVcov cos T' Âe'/crtop 'YTreptcov,teW 8' tTTTroiaii/ e/ce/cAero Trarpos e'oto •

" 3dv0e re /cat BaAte, T7]Ae/cAurd re/cva IloSdpy^s1, 400Sr) ^>pdêcrê cracocreyLtev rjVto^Tja

Aavatov' e? ofjuXov, e?7et ^' eajpev TroAe'ôto,co? ITdrpoAcAop' AtTrer' avTodi reOvrjtora."

Tov 8' dp' UTTO £uyo<^>i 7rpoa£(f>r] 77680,5 atdAo?tTTTTO?

ILdvdos, d(/>ap 8' TJfjivae /capTjart, Trdaa 8e âtri^ 405'^•eptTrouaa -napa t,vyov ov$as ittavev8' edrjKe 0ed Aey/ccoAevo? "Hp^ -1

" /cai AtTjv o' en vw ye aaaxyofiev, ofdAAd rot eyyvOev rjp,ap oXedpiov owSe rotai/riot, dAAd êd? re /xeya? /cat Motpa Kparair). 410ouSe yap ^jaere'p^ fipa&vrrJTL re vcoêXir) reTpcoe? UTT' co/zottv IlaTpo/cAou r€V%e' eXovro'dAAd de&v ajpLCFTOs, ov Tju/cOjLto? re'/ce AT^TCO,e/crav' evt Trpo/idôicrt kat "E/cropt /cOSo? e'8co/ce.vcDf Se /cat /cev d/ita Trvoifj Zecfrvpoio deoiêv, 415•^j/ Trep eAa^pordrTjv </>dcr' €ju,/xei>ai' dAAd croi aurcp2

eart êai re /cat dvept fîapa (f)O)VTJaavTos 'Eptvue? ea%e9ov

1 Line 40T was rejected by Aristarchus.2 Lines 416 f. were rejected by Aristarchus.

1 There is no parallel in Homer to this episode of thespeaking horse, but it is not un-Greek (Hesiod, TFor&s a«dDays, 203 if.). In any case this splendid passage is its ownbest justification.366


bits within their jaws, and drew the reins behind tothe jointed car. And Automedon grasped in hishand the bright lash, that fitted it well, and leaptupon the car ; and behind him stepped Achillesharnessed for fight, gleaming in his armour like thebright Hyperion. Then terribly he called aloud tothe horses of his father :

" Xanthus and Balius, ye far-famed children ofPodarge, in some other wise bethink you to bringyour charioteer back safe to the host of the Danaans,when we have had our fill of war, and leave ye nothim there dead, as ye did Patroclus."

Then from beneath the yoke spake to him thehorse Xanthus, of the swift-glancing feet; on asudden he bowed his head, and all his mane streamedfrom beneath the yoke-pad beside the yoke, andtouched the ground ; and the goddess, white-armedHera, gave him speech : 1 " Aye verily, yet for thistime will we save thee, mighty Achilles, albeit theday of doom is nigh thee, nor shall we be the causethereof, but a mighty god and overpowering Fate.For it was not through sloth or slackness of ours thatthe Trojans availed to strip the harness from theshoulders of Patroclus, but one, far the best of gods,even he that fair-haired Leto bare, slew him amid theforemost fighters and gave glory to Hector. But forus twain, we could run swift as the blast of the WestWind, which, men say, is of all winds the fleetest;nay, it is thine own self that art fated to be slain infight by a god and a mortal."

When he had thus spoken, the Erinyes checked367

HOMER

TOV Se /-ley' o^d^cras Trpocrefir) TroSa? OJKVS '

Qavarov jtiavreueat; ouSe ri ere XP7?- 420

eu vu TO oiSa /cat auTo? o jiiot /j,6pos Iv0d8' oAeo

v6a<j)i (f)iXov Trarpos Kat fir^repos' aAAd /cat ef/j

ou A^co Trptv Tpoja? aSrjv eAaaat vroAe/xoto."TH pa, /cat ev TrpWTOis ld%a)V e' e p,(Lvv"^as ITTTIOVS,

368


his voice. Then, his heart mightily stirred, spake tohim swift-footed Achilles :

" Xanthus, why dost thou prophesy my death?Thou needest not at all. Well know I even ofmyself that it is my fate to perish here, far from myfather dear, and my mother ; howbeit even so will Inot cease, until I have driven the Trojans to surfeitof war."

He spake, and with a cry drave amid the foremosthis single-hooved horses.

VOL. it 2s 369

IAIAA02 T

O? ol [jbev Trapd vf]vol /copotvtcria/j,(f>l ere, TirjXeos ute, )ud^? d/copTjrovTpcDes1 8' avd* erepcoOev e?rt ^pcocrjU-oj TreSt'oio •Zey? 8e ©e/Lttara /ceAeucre deovs dyop^rSe /caAecrcraiKparos a.TTy Oi5Aup,7roto TTO\VTTTVÔV • rj 8' apa TrdvTTj gôir^cracra /ceAeucre Ato? Trpo? 8cop;a veeaOai.oure TIS ow 7rorap:a)v a7rei]v, voafi 'Q/ceavoto,our' apa vvp,(j)da)v, at T' aAcrea /caAd vep,ovrat/cat TTTyya? TTora^wv /cat 77taea Troiêvra.

8' e? ScDjiia Ato? vecfreXrjyeperao 10alOovayaiv eviâvov, as Ait

TToirjaev tSut^crt Trpawot jitey Atoj1 eVSov dyTjyepar' • ouS'

êa?, dAA' e^ a,A6? 7Â0e p:er',e 8' dp' eV pecrcrotcri, Aio? 8' eêtpero fiovXrjV • 15TITTT' ai^r', apyi/cepawe, Oeovs dyopi]y8e /caAecr-

Tt Trept Tpcocov /cat 'yap vw ay^tcrra )U,d^7j TroAe/io? re Se'Sê."

Toi^ 8' aTrajLteijSo/Aet'os' Trpoae^Tj veêA^yeperaZew? •

" eyvcu?, evi'OCTi'yate, ep;7jv ev arrjOeai, jSouA^v, 20370

So by the beaked ships around thee, 0 son ofPeleus, insatiate of fight, the Achaeans arrayed themfor battle ; and likewise the Trojans over againstthem on the rising ground of the plain. But Zeusbade Themis summon the gods to the place ofgathering from the brow of many-ridged Olympus ;and she sped everywhither, and bade them come tothe house of Zeus. There was no river that camenot, save only Oceanus, nor any nymph, of all thathaunt the fair copses, the springs that feed the rivers,and the grassy meadows. And being come to thehouse of Zeus they sate them down within thepolished colonnades which for father Zeus Hephaestushad builded with cunning skill.

Thus were they gathered within the house ofZeus ; nor did the Shaker of Earth fail to heed thecall of the goddess, but came forth from the sea tojoin their company ; and he sate him in the midst,and made question concerning the purpose of Zeus :" Wherefore, thou lord of the bright lightning, hastthou called the gods to the place of gathering ? Isit that thou art pondering on somewhat concerningthe Trojans and Achaeans ? for now is their battleand fighting kindled hard at hand."

Then Zeus, the cloud-gatherer, answered him, andsaid : " Thou knowest, O Shaker of Earth, the pur-

371

HOMER

a)V eW/ca ^vvdyeipa' [leXovai {JLOI oXXvpevoi irep.dAA' rj rot ju,ev eyd) fjievea) TTTf^t OuAu/ATroto

ev& opocuv c^peVa repi/foâi • ot Se 817 aAAot

* 6(pp' av iKr]cr6e /uera, Tpcoas1 /cat 'Aâiow?,8' dpriyed* , OTTTJ t'dos' eortv e/caarou. 25

ei yap 'AîAAei)? ofos1 evrt TpcoecratouSe nlvvvQ* eôvoi TroSco/cea Il7jAet/cat 8e rt /ittv /cat Trpoadzv VTroTpo/AeecrKOV opcovres'vvv 8' ore 817 /cat dvfxov eraipov ^coerat atj/cD?,SetScu /A^ /cat retô? urrep popov eâAaTra^ ." 30

"Q? eâro KjoovtSr^s1, TroXeôv 8' aAtaarov eytipej8av 8' ifj,€vai TrdAejLtovSe 0eot, St'

r' dyait'a veaiv /cat-flaAAa? '

IIocrei8aa»v yatôôs1 778' epiovvrjs, o? €7rt (f>peal TrevKaXi^rjcn /ce/cacrraf 35

8* a//,a roicrt /cte crOeve'CUTTO 8e Kvijâi pa)ovro dpatat.

8e Tpcoa? "Apys KopvdaioXos, aura/3 ajit'1 d/cepcre/cdp^s' 178' "Aprejats1 toêatpare Hdt'ôs' re ^tAojLt/xetSTys' T' ' A^poBirr] . 40

p" aTrdvevde 6eol Ovyratv eaav avSpaiv,rrjos 'Aâtot /zev ftey' eKvSavov, OVVZK

eêffxjLVT] , Srjpov Se fJ'O-Xr)s eTreTraur* dTpcua? 8e rpopos atvos vnrjXvQe yvla eSetSidras1, 00* opwvro xroSco/cea nÂefcova 45

1 i.e. without any interference on the part of the gods.872

THE ILIAD, XX. 21-45

pose in my breast, for the which I gathered youhither ; I have regard unto them, even though theydie. Yet verily, for myself will I abide here sittingin a fold of Olympus, wherefrom I will gaze and makeglad my heart; but do ye others all go forth till ye become among the Trojans and Achaeans, and bear aidto this side or that, even as the mind of each maybe. For if Achilles shall fight alone 1 against theTrojans, not even for a little space will they holdback the swift-footed son of Peleus. Nay, evenaforetime were they wont to tremble as they lookedupon him, and now when verily his heart is grievouslyin wrath for his friend, I fear me lest even beyondwhat is ordained he lay waste the wall."

So spake the son of Cronos, and roused war un-abating. And the gods went their way into thebattle, being divided in counsel : Hera gat her tothe gathering of the ships, and with her PallasAthene, and Poseidon, the Shaker of Earth, andthe helper Hermes, that was beyond all in thecunning of his mind ; and together with these wentHephaestus, exulting in his might, halting, but be-neath him his slender legs moved nimbly ; but untothe Trojans went Ares, of the flashing helm, and withhim Phoebus, of the unshorn locks, and Artemis, thearcher, and Leto and Xanthus and laughter-lovingAphrodite.

Now as long as the gods were afar from the mortalmen, even for so long triumphed the Achaeansmightily, seeing Achilles was come forth, albeit hehad long kept him aloof from grievous battle ; butupon the Trojans came dread trembling on the limbsof every man in their terror, when they beheld theswift-footed son of Peleus, flaming in his harness,

373

HOMER

Xa.p,Tr6fJi,€Vov, fiporoXoiyw laov "Aprj'i.avrap eTrei //,€#' ofjiiXov 'OAu/XTriot TJXv6ov avftpaiv,ajpro 8' "Epi? xparepr) Xaoaaoos, ci5e 8' 'crracr' ore //.ev Trapa rdfipov opvKrrjv reiêos1

aAAor' evr* a/cracDV eptSouTrwv paKpov auret. 60aue 8' "Apys erepaidev, epefjivfj AaiAavrt fcro?,O|L» war' aKpordr^s TTO\LOS Tpcoecrcrt /ceAeucov,aAAore Trap Sijuoevri dewv1 errl KaAAtwoAo)^.

"Q? TOU? aôrepovs //.a/cape? êot orpwovresXov} ev 8' aurois1 epiSa pTjyvy^ro jSapetav • 658e /Spovrrjcre Trarrjp dvSptov re deatv re

vipoOev • avrap vepQe nooretSacov ertVa|eyalav drreLpeori'rjv opewv T' atTrett'a Kaprjva.Trdvres 8' eaaeiovro TroSe? TroAuTTtSa/cos' "18^?Kat Kopv<f>ai, 'Tpaxav re rr6Xt,$ Kal vfjes 'AâtcDv. 60e'SSetcrev 8' vrrevepOev ava£ evepatv 'At'Scoveu?,Seiaas 8' e/c dpovov aXro Kal t'aê, /XT^ ot vrrepdeyalav dvappr/êie HocreiSacov €voai%da)v,

8e OvrjToiai /cat dOavdroicri, <j)aveirjevpcoevra, ra re arvyeovat deoi rrep~ 65

a'pa Krvrros tbpro Oz&v eptSt ^VVIOVTWV.rot /u,ev yap evavra nocretSacovos1 ava/cro?

rdAAcoj/ Oat/Jos, e^cot' ta Trrepoevra,avra 8' 'EvuaAtoio êa yAau/caJTrt? 'A^vTj-"HpTj 8' dvrearrj ^pucrÂa/caTO? /ceAaSeivv] 70"Apre/xi? toêaipa, Kaatyvrfrri ewraroto •A^rot 8' dvrearr) CTCOKOS epiovvios 'Ep/x^?,

1 ê'wj': 0ew/' Aristarchus.

1 Callicolone (" Beauty Hill ") is mentioned again in374

THE ILIAD, XX. 4-6-72

the peer of Ares, the bane of men. But when theOlympians were come into the midst of the throngof men, then up leapt mighty Strife, the rouser ofhosts, and Athene cried aloud,—now would she standbeside the digged trench without the wall, and nowupon the loud-sounding shores would she utter herloud cry. And over against her shouted Ares, dreadas a dark whirlwind, calling with shrill tones to theTrojans from the topmost citadel, and now again ashe sped by the shore of Simoi's over Callicolone.1

Thus did the blessed gods urge on the two hosts toclash in battle, and amid them made grievous strifeto burst forth. Then terribly thundered the fatherof gods and men from on high ; and from beneath didPoseidon cause the vast earth to quake, and thesteep crests of the mountains. All the roots ofmany-fountained Ida were shaken, and all her peaks,and the city of the Trojans, and the ships of theAchaeans. And seized with fear in the world belowwas Aidoneus, lord of the shades, and in fear leapthe from his throne and cried aloud, lest above himthe earth be cloven by Poseidon, the Shaker ofEarth, and his abode be made plain to view formortals and immortals—the dread and dank abode,wherefor the very gods have loathing : so great wasthe din that arose when the gods clashed in strife.For against king Poseidon stood Phoebus Apollowith his winged arrows, and against Enyalius thegoddess, flashing-eyed Athene ; against Hera stoodforth the huntress of the golden arrows, and theechoing chase, even the archer Artemis, sister of thegod that smiteth afar ; against Leto stood forth the

line 151 of this book, but is otherwise unknown. Accordingto tradition it was the scene of the judgment of Paris.

375

HOMER

avra 8' ap' 'HâicrToio /ieya? Troraô?ov EaV0ov /caAe'oycrt Oeoi, avSpe? 8e

"Q? ot ^tev 0eot ciWa BZOJV laav • avrap 'A^tAAei)? 75"E/cTO/oo? avra /zaAtara AtAatero Swat, o/uAoi'npia/xiSeco- TO£? ycxp pa jLtaAto-ra e 6vfios dvaiyeta"fj,aros acrat "A.pr]a raXavpivov TroXefJuari^v.Alveiav 8' i^y? Aaocrados' copo-ev 'A7roAAa»>avria TlrjXeiwvos, evrJKe Se ot jLtew? i^y* 80uief Se n/oia/xoto Au/caovt etoraroTO> /ill' eeLOcifJievos TTpocrefir) Atos" Alveia, Tpcocov j3ovXrj(f>6pe, TTOV rot,a? Tpaxjov jSaaiAeucriv v-nLa-êo

ÂTJO? evavTifiiov8' aur' Atveta? aTra/xetjSo/ievo?

j, TI jU.e raura /cat OUAC eOeXovraavria nÂeicovos1 V7rep6vp,oio01) ]U,ei> yap t»w Trpatra(TTâoyLtat, aAA' '817 jiie /cat aAAore 8oupi fiofirjaev 90

,e£ "I87JS1, ore fiovaiv eTryXvdev •^/xerepô'i,irepae 8e Avpvyaoov /cat IlTJSacrov • avrap c/xe Zeuselpvaad', os /xot eTrojpae [j,evos Xaufjrjpd re yovva.rj K eSa/xrjv UTTO %e/ocrtv 'AîAAôs1 /cat 'Aî/Tj?,i] ot TTpoadev lovaa riOei <f)dos 178' e/ceAeuev 95eyêt âA/ceta) AeAeya? /cat TpcDa?ra> OVK ear' 'A^tAôs1 Ivavriov avSpaatet ya/> vrapa et? ye $etot>, oj Aotyov/cat 8' d'AAcus ToO y' tû jSe'Aos TreVer', oyS' aT

376


strong helper, Hermes, and against Hephaestus thegreat, deep-eddying river, that gods call Xanthus,and men Scamander.

Thus gods went forth to meet with gods. ButAchilles was fain to meet with Hector, Priam's son,above all others in the throng, for with his blood aswith that of none other did his spirit bid him glutAres, the warrior with tough shield of hide. HowbeitAeneas did Apollo, rouser of hosts, make to go forthto face the son of Peleus, and he put into himgreat might : and he likened his own voice to thatof Lycaon, son of Priam. In his likeness spake untoAeneas the son of Zeus, Apollo : " Aeneas, counsellorof the Trojans, where be now thy threats, wherewiththou wast wont to declare unto the princes of theTrojans over thy wine, that thou wouldst do battleman to man against Achilles, son of Peleus ? "

Then Aeneas answered him, and said : " Son ofPriam, why on this wise dost thou bid me face infight the son of Peleus, high of heart, though I benot minded thereto ? Not now for the first timeshall I stand forth against swift-footed Achilles ;nay, once ere now he drave me with his spear fromIda, when he had come forth against our kine, andlaid Lyrnessus waste and Pedasus withal; howbeitZeus saved me, who roused my strength and madeswift my knees. Else had I been slain beneath thehands of Achilles and of Athene, who ever went beforehim and set there a light of deliverance, and badehim slay Leleges and Trojans with spear of bronze.Wherefore may it not be that any man face Achillesin fight, for that ever by his side is some god, thatwardeth from him ruin. Aye, and of itself his spearflieth straight, and ceaseth not till it have pierced

377

HOMER

irplv XP°os aVSpojue'oto 8ieX9epev. et Se deos rrep 100laov reiveiev 7roXe/j,ov reXos, ov /ce pdXa peaviKriaei', ovS' et TrayâA/ceo? etêrat etvai."

Tov 8' aure Trpoaeenrev ava£ Aio? fio? '" yptos, aAA' aye /cat cru dealsewêo* /cat Se ere <^>acri Ato? Kovprjs 'A^poStT-^s' 105e/cyeya/>tev, /cetvo? §e êpeiovo? e/c êov earw •e \ \ A / » f l > < t ' ' ' / ' > ' \ ' /7) jtiev yap Atos eat/ , rj o eg aAioto yepovroj.

dAA' t^y? ê/Pe X01' '*-^1' &T£ip£Q<> ju^Se ere Trd^TravAeuyaAeoi? eTreeaaiv aTTOTjoeTrerco /cat dpecfj."

*O? et77cbv efjiTTvevcre fMevos ju,eya Troi/xeVt AacDi', 110jS'r) 8e 8ia Trpofjid^cov KeKopvdfievos aWoTn01)8' eXad' 'Ay^tcrao Tral? Aet»/cc6Aevoj/dvria YlrjXeia)vos Icbv dvd ovXaôv dvrj §' ayLtDSt? crr^craaa Oeovs pera fjivdov ee" (f)pd£,eaOov ST) cr<f)a>'C, HocretSaov /cat 'Adyvrj, 115eV (f>pealv v{j,eTepr)cnv} OTTO)? ecrrat raSe epya.Alveias 6'S' e)87j KeKopvdfjievos aWomdt'Tta rTTyAetajvos1, dvrJKG 8e Ootô? 'aAA' a'ye0', r]fj,€is Trep ^LLV aTror/JWTrai/xev omaoioavToQev TJ TLS eVetra /cat iûeiaiv 'Ap^tA^t 120Traparairj, 80177 Se Kpdros /xeya, //.^Se TI dvpu)SeveadcD, Iva elftf) o JAW (friXeovaiv apiaroi,dOavdrcw, ot 8' aur* ave/xa>Aiot ot TO irdpos TrepTpioalv dpvvovcnv TrdAe/xov /cat S^foT^Ta.Trdvres 8' OuAujLtTroto Kar-^Xdofjiev avriocovres1 125râSe fj,dxy]S, Iva p,TJ rt jLterd T/3a>eoxri Trddrjm

1 Lines 125-128 were rejected by Aristarchus.378


through the flesh of man. Howbeit were a god tostretch with even hand the issue of war, then notlightly should he vanquish me, nay, not though hevaunt him to be wholly wrought of bronze."

Then in answer to him spake the prince Apollo,son of Zeus : " Nay, warrior, come, pray thou alsoto the gods that are for ever ; for of thee too mensay that thou wast born of Aphrodite, daughter ofZeus, while he is sprung from a lesser goddess. Forthy mother is daughter of Zeus, and his of the oldman of the sea. Nay, bear thou straight against himthy stubborn bronze, nor let him anywise turn theeback with words of contempt and with threatenings."

So saying he breathed great might into theshepherd of the host, and he strode amid the foremostfighters, harnessed in flaming bronze. Nor was theson of Anchises unseen of white-armed Hera, as hewent forth to face the son of Peleus amid the throngof men, but she gathered the gods together, andspake among them, saying : " Consider within yourhearts, ye twain, 0 Poseidon and Athene, how thesethings are to be. Lo, here is Aeneas, gone forth,harnessed in flaming bronze, to face the son of Peleus,and it is Phoebus Apollo that hath set him on. Comeye then, let us turn him back forthwith; or elsethereafter let one of us stand likewise by Achilles'side, and give him great might, and suffer not theheart in his breast anywise to fail; to the end thathe may know that they that love him are the bestof the immortals, and those are worthless as wind,that hitherto have warded from the Trojans war andbattle. All we are come down from Olympus tomingle in this battle, that Achilles take no hurt amongthe Trojans for this day's space ; but thereafter shall

379

HOMER

arj/j,epov vorepov avre ra Treicrerat acrcra ot Aurayiyvopevco enevrjae Atvoj, ore [MV re'/ce [MrjTrjp.el 8' 'AîAey? ou ravra Bewv e/c TreJcrerat ofjL^rjs,^ ' > » / /)» tf / > in Q * *\n i««ôetcrer CTretp , ore /cev rt? evavripiov oeos cAvy 130

• âAeTrot 8e êot (f>aiveadai e8' ^/x,etj8er' erreira RocreiSaajv ev

âAeTraive Trape/c voov ov$e ri aeOVK av eyco y' edeXoi^L deovs eptSt ûveAacrcratrjfAeas rovs aAXovs, evei rj TTO\V êprepoL et/xev1 135aAA' rjfjiels [J>€v eTretra Kadeâ)fj,ea6a Kiovres€K Trdrov es CT/COTTITJI', TroAe/xos' S' avSpecrcrtel 8e AC' "Ap^s" apâxrt f^d^rjs ^ OoIjSos' '

i'cr^cocrt /cat OT)« eiaicrt paêcfdai,eVeira /cat a^/xi Trap avrodi velKos o/oetrat 140

<f)vXo7rc8os • p,dXa §' co/ca SiaKpwdevTas ota)aiff ifiev OuAu/iTTovSe êcDj^ /i€^' ofArj'yvpiv aXXaiv,

VTTO yepalv

e? a^(j)i-)(VTOV 'Hpa/cAôs Oeioio, 145vifrrjXov, TO pa ot TpcDe? /cat IlaAAa? 'A.0TJvriTTOLCOV, o(f)pa TO KrJTOS VTreKTrpofiwyujv dAeatro,o7T77«3Te /itv (TeuatTo aTr' T]lovos> TreSto^Se.evâ IlocretSacov /car' ap' eêro /cat êot aAAot,a/i^»t 8' ap' apprjKTOv vecfreXyv w/xotcrij/ eaavro • 150

1 Line 135 is omitted in many MSS.

1 Line 135, apparently adapted from viii. 221, has beenomitted in translating.

2 Poseidon had built for Laomedon the walls of Troy,but had been defrauded of his pay. He therefore sent asea-monster to lay waste the land. Laomedon was advised

380


he suffer whatever Fate spun for him with her threadat his birth, when his mother bare him. But ifAchilles learn not this from some voice of thegods, he shall have dread hereafter when somegod shall come against him in battle ; for hard arethe gods to look upon when they appear in manifestpresence."

Then Poseidon, the Shaker of Earth, answeredher : " Hera, be not thou wroth beyond what iswise ; thou needest not at all. I verily were notfain to make gods clash with gods in strife.1 Nay,for our part let us rather go apart from the trackunto some place of outlook, and sit us there, and warshall be for men. But if so be Ares or PhoebusApollo shall make beginning of fight, or shallkeep Achilles in check and suffer him not to dobattle, then forthwith from us likewise shall thestrife of war arise; and right soon, methinks, shallthey separate them from the battle and hie themback to Olympus, to the gathering of the other gods,vanquished beneath our hands perforce."

So saying, the dark-haired god led the way to theheaped-up wall of godlike Heracles, the high wallthat the Trojans and Pallas Athene had builded forhim, to the end that he might flee thither and escapefrom the monster of the deep, whenso the monsterdrave him from the seashore to the plain.2 TherePoseidon and the other gods sate them down, andclothed their shoulders round about with a cloud thatmight not be rent; and they of the other part satby an oracle to expose his daughter to be a prey of themonster, but offered his immortal horses as a reward to himwhoso should slay the beast. Heracles did this, aided by thewall mentioned in the text, but was deceived by Laomedon,who gave him mortal horses. *

381

HOMER

ot 8' erepcoae KaOlôv en-' o^pudp,(f>i ere, rjlz <3>ot/?e, /cat "Apâ TrroXiTTOpdov.

"Q? ot jiiev p" eKOiTcpde KaOrjaTO [Mrjri,6(jDVT€SfiovXds' dpê/zevat 8e SucnyAeyeos1 TroAe/zotoOKveov djLtôrepoi, Zeus 8' rîzvcs vifji /ceAeue. 155

Tcoi> 8' ttTrai/ eTrXrjadr] TreSiW /cat Aa/XTrero âA/ca>,dvSpcDv TyS' ITTTTCOV KapKaipe 8e yata TroSecrcw

Swo 8' dvepes £%°X o,piar'roi

vvLTrfv jLte/iacSre p.a,%eadait

AtVei'a? T* 'Ay^tcriaSTj? Kat Sto? 'A^tAAevs1. 160Alveias 8e rrpojros (XTretA^cras1 e(3e/3r)Ket,,vevard^cov KopvOi fipiapfj- drap acrm'So, OovpivTrpoadev eê arepvoLo, rivaaae 8e âA/ceoi' eyX05"-

^ ' * ' / l » / ^ * A ' "js' o erepojoev evavriov atpro Aeajv a>$,ov re /cat av&pe$ aTro/CTa/zeât jiieju.aacrtv' 165

Tra? S^/ios1 • o 8e irptoTov fjikv arit,(t)vi, clAA' ore /cev ris dprfidouDV altft&v

Sovpl fidXr), idXt] re âva)v} Trepi T* d(f)p6$yiyverai, ev 8e re ot Kpaûrj crreVet aA/ct/zovpfj 8e rrXevpds re /cat t'o i'a djU,0oTe)ocoêv 170âcrTierat, ee 8' aurov eiroTpvvei,yAat>/ctoa>v 8' tû? êperat /zeVet, 'vdvSpcDr, ^ auros1 ^^terat Trpwrw evto? 'A^tA^' orpvve jLtevo? /cat 9v^6sdvriov eXdepevai fjieyaX^ropos Alveiao.

« ^> W p, \ (J. \ T > > 5 N \ / \ot o ore O7y oêooi' rjoav CTT aAArjAoLOLVrov Trporepos TrpoaeeiTre TroSd/o/crjs1 810? '

382


over against them on the brows of Callicolone, roundabout thee, O archer Phoebus, and Ares, sacker ofcities.

So sat they on either side devising counsels, butto make beginning of grievous war both sides wereloath, albeit Zeus, that sitteth on high, had biddenthem.

Howbeit the whole plain was filled with men andhorses, and aflame with bronze, and the earthresounded beneath their feet as they rushed together;and two warriors best by far of all came one againstthe other into the space between the two hosts,eager to do battle, even Aeneas, Anchises' son, andgoodly Achilles. Aeneas first strode forth withthreatening mien, his heavy helm nodding abovehim; his valorous shield he held before his breast,and he brandished a spear of bronze. And on theother side the son of Peleus rushed against him likea lion, a ravening lion that men are fain to slay,even a whole folk that be gathered together ; and heat the first recking naught of them goeth his way,but when one of the youths swift in battle hathsmitten him with a spear-cast, then he gatherethhimself open-mouthed, and foam cometh forth abouthis teeth, and in his heart his valiant spirit groaneth,and with his tail he lasheth his ribs and his flanks onthis side and on that, and rouseth himself to fight,and with glaring eyes he rusheth straight on in hisfury, whether he slay some man or himself be slainin the foremost throng ; even so was Achilles drivenby his fury, and his lordly spirit to go forth to facegreat-hearted Aeneas. And when they were comenear, as they advanced one against the other, thenfirst unto Aeneas spake swift-footed goodly Achilles :

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Alveia, ri av roacrov o/u'Aou TroAAw eiere' ye dv/Jios e/xot /zaêcra<7#at dvcoyetTptoecrow dvdêLV iTTTroSajiioio'i1 180

rL/j,rjs T"fjS Hpidpov; drdp ei Kev ep,' eêvapL^rjs,ov TOI TovveKd ye YlpiafAOS yepas ev XeP*L â€i'eicrlv yap ol TtatSe?, o 8' e/XTreSo? ouS' a,€ai<ppa)v.rj vv rL TOI Tpajes reêvos rd/jiov e' oôj/ aX\a>v,KaXov (f)vra\ir}s Kal dpovprjs, 6(f)pa vefMrjai, 185a'i Kev €fji,6 KTeivrjs; âAeTTcas" 8e or' eo\7ra TO pe'êiv.rfS^ /zev ere ye i^/u Kat aAAore Soupt (f>oj3fja(u.rj ov p6jj,vri ore Trip ere jSocov OLTTO p,ovvov eovracreua /car' 'ISaicof ope'cov raêecrcrt 77o8ecrcr6KapTTaXipaJs', Tore 8' ou Tt jiteTaT/aoTraAtêo (frevycuv. 190evOev 8' e? A.vpvr)acrov VTreKffrvyes' avrap eya> T^Trepaa fjiedopp^rjdels crvv 'Adrjyrj /cat Aii Trarpi,AîaSas1 8e yfvat/ca? eXevdepov rjfjLap aTrovpasrjyov drdp ae Zeu? eppvaaro Kal Qeoi aAAot.dAA' o?5 vw epveadac atoâi, a>s evt dvpa)2 195jSaAAeat- dAAa a' eyco y' dva%a)pr]aai>Ta /<:eAeua>es TrXrjdvv iVvai, /wjS' O-VTIO? laracr' e/zeto,TrptV rfc KO.KOV TraOeecv pe^êv 8e re 1 177710? €yva>."

Tov 8' aur* Atvetas a7ra/>tet'/?eTO ^wvrjalv re •" nÂet'Si?, ju-^ 877 /A' Irreeacri ye vrjTrvriov a>s 200€\7T€0 oeLoi£eadai, errei crd(f)a ot8a /cat aura?•^/iev K€pro[j,Las rj* cxtcrt/za3 fj,vd^craadai,.t'8//,ev 8' dAAiÂa)^ yevei^v, utyiei' Se roKrjas,

1 Lines 180-186 were rejected by Aristarchus.2 Lines 195-198 were rejected by Aristarchus.

3 ai'crt/ia Diintzer: aiWXa MSS.

1 I have adopted the conjecture of Diintzer in translating,as the aitrvXa of the MSS. yields no satisfactory sense (cf.433); see the critical note.384-


" Aeneas, wherefore hast thou sallied thus far forthfrom the throng to stand and face me ? Is it thatthy heart biddeth thee fight with me in hope thatthou shalt be master of Priam's sovereignty amid thehorse-taming Trojans ? Nay, but though thou slayme, not for that shall Priam place his kingship in thyhands, for he hath sons, and withal is sound andnowise flighty of mind. Or have the Trojans metedout for thee a demesne pre-eminent above all, afair tract of orchard and of plough-land, that thoumayest possess it, if so be thou slayest me ? Hard,methinks, wilt thou find that deed. Aye, for onanother day ere now methinks I drave thee beforemy spear. Dost thou not remember when thou wastalone, and I made thee run from the kine down withswift steps from Ida's hills in headlong haste ? Onthat day didst thou not once look behind thee inthy flight. Thence thou fleddest forth to Lyrnessus,but I laid it waste, assailing it with the aid of Atheneand father Zeus, and the women I led captive andtook from them the day of freedom ; but thyself thouwast saved by Zeus and the other gods. Howbeitnot this day, methinks, shall he save thee, as thoudeemest in thy heart; nay, of myself I bid thee getthee back into the throng and stand not forth toface me, ere yet some evil befall thee; when it iswrought even a fool getteth understanding."

Then Aeneas answered him and said : " Son ofPeleus, think not with words to affright me, as Iwere a child, seeing I know well of myself to uttertaunts and withal speech that is seemly.1 We knoweach other's lineage, and each other's parents, for

VOL. ii 2 c 385

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aKovovres eVea Bvr]ra)v8' OUT' ap TTCO (ru €[j,ovs t'Se? OUT' ap' eya> aou?.1 205

<f)aal are [lev T}rj\rjos d[j,vp,ovo$ eKyovov eivai,8' 6K OeViSo? /

avrap eycov uto?euô/Mat eKyeydpev, fJLTJT^p 8e /xot ear' 'raJv 817 vw eVepoi ye fiiXov TraiSa K\avaovrai 210arj/Juepov ov yap <^TJ^ eTreecrcrt yec58e Sta«rptvêWe jU-a^s- e^ aTTOveeadai.€.1 S' edeXecs, xal TCLVTO, Sai^jLtevat, o^p' eu•^jLieTe'pTjv yeê^v, TroAAoi 8e ju,tv av8pes tcrao*t •AapSavot' ap Trpojrov re/cero ve<ieA?}yepeTa Zeu?, 215KTurcre 8e AapSavtTji/, e?7et ou TTCO "lAio? t'pêv TreSto) TreTroAtaro, TroAt? jUepo77O>v dvdaAA' e^' VTTOipeias OJKCOV TroXiiTTiSaKos "AapSavos1 au reVe^' utov 'Epiôyiov /Saos or) d^veioTaros' yeWro QV^TOW a.vBp<l)7ra)v ' 220TOU rptCT^tAtat ITTTTOL eXos Kara /BovKoXeovrodrjXeiai, TrcoiXotaiv dyaXXofjievaL aTaA^crt.racav /cat Bope'i]? rjpdaaaro /3ocr/cop,eyact»v,tTTTTO) 8' elodfjievos TrapeAeâro /cuai/oâtTTy •at 8' VTTOKvadfJbevai ere/cov 8uo/<:a/Se/ca Tra)Xovs. 225at 8' ore p;ei> cr/ctprojev ewt êtSwpov apovpav,aKpov en' dvdepiKWV /capwov êov ouSeaAA' 6Ve 81 aKt,pTO>ev ITT' eupea vaJra.aKpov eVt prjy/Jilvos dXos TroAtoto ê'ecr/cov.Tpcoa 8' 'Ept^ôv'tos' T€K€TO Tpweaviv dvaKra' £30Tpaio? 8' au Tpets TratSes1 d^vjjioves'lAds1 T' 'Acro-apa/cos1 re /cat dvriOeosos 8rj KaXXivros yeVero dvr)ra>v d


386


we have heard the tales told in olden days by mortalmen; but with sight of eyes hast thou never seenmy parents nor I thine. Men say that thou artson of peerless Peleus, and that thy mother wasfair-tressed Thetis, a daughter of the sea ; but forme, I declare that I am son of great-hearted Anchises,and my mother is Aphrodite. Of these shall onepair or the other mourn a dear son this day ; forverily not with childish words, I deem, shall wetwain thus part one from the other and return fromout the battle. Howbeit, if thou wilt, hear this also,that thou mayest know well my lineage, and manythere be that know it: at the first Zeus, the cloud-gatherer, begat Dardanus, and he founded Dardania,for not yet was sacred Ilios builded in the plain tobe a city of mortal men, but they still dwelt uponthe slopes of many-fountained Ida. And Dardanusin turn begat a son, king Erichthonius, who becamerichest of mortal men. Three thousand steeds hadhe that pastured in the marsh-land ; mares werethey, rejoicing in their tender foals. Of these asthey grazed the North Wind became enamoured,and he likened himself to a dark-maned stallion andcovered them ; and they conceived, and bare twelvefillies. These, when they bounded over the earth,the giver of grain, would course over the topmostears of ripened corn and break them not, and whensothey bounded over the broad back of the sea, wouldcourse over the topmost breakers of the hoary brine.And Erichthonius begat Tros to be king among theTrojans, and from Tros again three peerless sonswere born, Ilus, and Assaracus, and godlike Gany-medes that was born the fairest of mortal men ;

387

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rov fcal dvrjpeiiffavTO deol Ait olvoôeveivKaXXeos etve/ca oto, ii/' adavauroiai jLteretTj.* £35*IXos S' av Te/ce0' vlov a/jbVfjLova AaojUe'SowaAaojueSfov 8* apa Tt0a)j>oi> re/cero IIpiap:ov reAa/X7rov re KyWriW ^' 'I/ceraova T', oôv "ApTjos.AaadpaKos 8e KCITTW, c5 8' ap''Ayxiarjv reVe TratSa •avrap e/^t' 'Ay^tcr^s', IIp/ajMos Se re^' "E/cropa Stoi^. 240ravrrjs roi yeverjs T€ /cat ai/zaTos' ewô/xat efvat.Zeus' S' dper^v avSpecrcrtv o<êAAet re pivvdei re,OTTTTIOS Kev edeXrjviv • 6 yap Kapriaros a.Tr<ivra)v.aAA' aye /-i^/cert ravra Aeyco/xeâ V^TTVTLOI a)s,(ardor* ev fjueacrrj va\i,ivr\ STJIOT^TO?. 245eorrt yap aôrepoiaiv oveiSea. pvOrjaacrOaiTToAAa p;aA', oi58' ai^ vrûs1 e/caroûyo? aydos apotro.arpeTTrrj Se yAajcra' ecrrt fipOT&v, TroXees S' eVt jLtuôt•navroioi, eTT€(jt)v Se TroAus1 vofjios evda /cat evda.OTTTTOLOV /c' eLTTflaOa finos, rolov /c* eTra/coucrats1. 250aAAa rt 7y eptSas feat vetVea vcDtV dvayiCTj1

veiKelv aAAÂotcrtv evavriov, a>s re yt»vatKa?,at re ôAcacrct/ievat eptSo? Trept dvfj,oj36poiovei/ceucr' dAAiÂ^crt jaecr^t' e? ayutav toucrai,TroAA' erect re /cat ov/cr ôAos1 Se' re /cat ra /ceAeuet. 255dA/c^? 8' oy /A' eTreecrcrtv a,7TOTpe'?/ret? //.e/AatuTa?rptv ^;aA/ca) jLtaêaaaât evavriov aAA' aye ddaaov

aAAÂcov âA/c^pecru' tyxeiyaw."H pa, icat ev Seti/w crd/cet yXaaev ofipi[j,ov eyô?,

) • p:e'ya 8' d/A^t act/cos* fJ-VKe 8ovpos d/ca>/C7j. 260Tys' 8e craAco? ftey aTro eo xetP' 7raXe'?7Lines 251-255 were rejected by Aristarchus.


wherefore the gods caught him up on high to becupbearer to Zeus by reason of his beauty, that hemight dwell with the immortals. And Ilus againbegat a son, peerless Laomedon, and Laomedonbegat Tithonus and Priam and Clytius, and Hicetaon,scion of Ares. And Assaracus begat Capys, and heAnchises ; but Anchises begat me and Priam goodlyHector. This then is the lineage and the bloodwherefrom I avow me sprung. But as for valour,it is Zeus that increaseth it for men or minisheth it,even as himself willeth, seeing he is mightiest of all.But come, no longer let us talk thus like children, aswe twain stand in the midst of the strife of battle.Revilings are there for both of us to utter, revilingsfull many ; a ship of an hundred benches would notbear the load thereof. Glib is the tongue of mortals,and words there be therein many and manifold, andof speech the range is wide on this side and on that.Whatsoever word thou speakest, such shalt thou alsohear. But what need have we twain to bandystrifes and wranglings one with the other likewomen, that when they have waxed wroth in soul-devouring strife go forth into the midst of the streetand wrangle one against the other with words trueand false ; for even these wrath biddeth them speak.But from battle, seeing I am eager therefor, shaltthou not by words turn me till we have fought withthe bronze man to man ; nay, come, let us forthwithmake trial each of the other with bronze-tippedspears."

He spake, and let drive his mighty spear againstthe other's dread and wondrous shield, and loudrang the shield about the spear-point. And theson of Peleus held the shield from him with his stout

HOMER

<j)dro yap SoAiôo7«oj>pea SceXevaecrdai: /zeyaAr^Topo? Aiveuxo,vf\TTios, ouS' evorjae /caret (f>peva Kal Kara dupova)S ov prft8C earl Oewv lpiKv8ea 8a)pa 265dv8pdcn ye dvrirolai Sa/ATîevat ouS' VTov8e ror' Aiveiao Satypovos oflpiuov

aAAa 8va> [j,ev eXaacre Sta Trruây, at S' ap' en rpets'1

Tjcrav, evret 77eVre Trrvâs 7^'Aacre /cyAAoTroStcov, 270ra? Siô âA/ceta?, Svo S' eV8o$iTT]v 8e /AtW xPva^'flv> Tfj P' €0X€

Aeurepo? avr' ' A^tAeus1 Trpotet SoAt%ocr«:tor eyô?,/cat pdXev Alveiao /car' acrm'Sa Travrocr' e'iaf]v,

' vrro TTpdoTrjv, fj AeTTToraro? êe âA/co?, 275S' eTrerjv pLvos /Soos" êv /JieXirj, Aa/ce 8' dom? UTT'

A-lveias 8' e'aAij /cat CITTO eêi' daTTt'S' dvecrêSeicras" eyêti^ §' ap' U7re/> VCOTOV eVt yat?]

?, Sta 8' d[j,<f>oT€povs e'Ae /cu/cAou? 280poT^s- 6 S' dXevdp,evos 86pv

ear?], /caS 8' aô? ot ^;UTO pvplov o(f>6aXpTap/Bijaras o ol a'yX1 Trdyr) fieXos. avrap '

enopovaev epvaadpevos ^fios o£v,taâjv • o 8e êpâ^Lov Xd/3e %etpt 285

, |U.eya epyov, o ov 8vo y dv8pe (jxlpotev,1 Lines 269-272 were rejected by Aristarchus.2 In place of 273 f. Zenodotus read the following :

devrepov afir' 'Axt\ei)s fj.e\iT]v iOvirriuva.dcrTrtSa vi'f evâ\Kov a/j,ij[ji.ovos A/m'ao,

1 This passage seems based upon a complete misunder-standing of the structure of the shield. The five layers werecertainly of hide, the metals being used to give colour and390


hand, being seized with dread ; for he deemed thatthe far-shadowing spear of great-hearted Aeneaswould lightly pierce it through—fool that he was,nor knew in his mind and heart that not easy arethe glorious gifts of the gods for mortal men tomaster or that they give place withal. Nor didthe mighty spear of wise-hearted Aeneas then breakthrough the shield, for the gold stayed it, the gift ofthe god. Howbeit through two folds he drave it,yet were there still three, for five layers had thecrook-foot god welded, two of bronze, and twowithin of tin, and one of gold, in the which the spearof ash was stayed.1

Then Achilles in his turn hurled his far-shadowingspear and smote upon Aeneas' shield that was well-balanced upon every side, beneath the outermostrim where the bronze ran thinnest, and thinnest wasthe backing of bull's-hide ; and straight through spedthe spear of Pelian ash, and the shield rang beneaththe blow. And Aeneas cringed and held from himthe shield, being seized with fear; and the spearpassed over his back and was stayed in the groundfor all its fury, albeit it tore asunder two circles ofthe sheltering shield. And having escaped the longspear he stood up, and over his eyes measurelessgrief was shed, and fear came over him for that thespear was planted so nigh. But Achilles drew his sharpsword and leapt upon him furiously, crying a terriblecry ; and Aeneas grasped in his hand a stone—amighty deed—one that not two mortals could bear,

variety to the outer surface. This is but one of a number ofindications that the combat between Achilles and Aeneas,together with the Theomachy (battle of the gods), is not anintegral part of the Iliad.

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fiporoi etcr'* o Se jU.iv pea TrdXXe /cat oto?.

77 Kopvd* rje OOLKOS, TO oi rjpKeae Xvypov oXedpov,rov 8e K6 nÂetSTj? crêSov dopi 0Vfj,6v aTrrjvpa, 290el /j,r) ap* o£v vorjae HooeLSdiov evoaL^dcovavTLKa 8' ddavdroLcrt, deols /xera [tvdov eenrev" a> 7T07701, 77 fjboc dxos /j,eyaAirJTOpos AtVetao,os raâ YlyXeicovi Sa/xei? "Ai'SocrSe Krareicrt,

\ivQoiaw ÂrroXXcovos e/caroto, 295ovSe ri ol ^paicr^âet Afypov oXedpov.

dXXa ri r\ vvv ovros dvainos aAyea Tracrêt,/z.a^f eW/c' dXXorpiwv d%€O)v, K€%api,ap,€va §' atetSa)pa deoicri 8tSa»crt, rot ovpavov evpvv eôucrtv;dAA' aye^' rjêis 7T€p [iw inreK davdrov ayaya>/xev, 300/u,7^ TTOJ? /cat Kpovi8r)s /ceôAcocrerat, ai-' /cev 'AîAAeu?rdvSe KaraKreLvr) • ju.opt/xo^ 8e ot ear' dXeacrdai,o(f>pa /AT) aaTrepôs yever) KOI a<j)avrosAapSdvov, ov Kpovi8r)$ ire pi Trdvrwv (friXaroot <=6ev eêyeVovro ywai/caii' re dvr)rda)v. 305778^ yap Hpid/Aov yevzrjv rfxQrjpe Kpovia>vvvv oe or) Alveiao ftir] Tpa>eacriv dvdêt,Kal iraiowv TratSes1, rot Kev /zeroTrtcrê yeVcovrat.1"

8' rj/j,ei/3eT' eVetra J3oa>ms TTOTVUI "H/oij-avros crv //.era fipeai afjm voycrov 310

Alveiav, r\ KZV [iiv epvaaeai, r) KCV edaysYlriXetB'rj 'A^X-rji oaftrjiAevai, eadXov edvra.2

1 y&bJVTai ; \Lirwvr 0.1.2 Line 312 is omitted in most MSS.

1 «'. . Aeneas has no personal interest in the war, not beingso directly affected by the distress incidental to it as wasPriam ; but both the idea and its expression are strange.Beully's drew ("sins ") would remove all difficulty.392


such as men are now ; yet lightly did he wield it evenalone. Then would Aeneas have smitten him withthe stone, as he rushed upon him, either on helm or onthe shield that had warded from him woeful destruc-tion, and the son of Peleus in close combat wouldwith his sword have robbed Aeneas of life, had notPoseidon, the Shaker of Earth, been quick to see.And forthwith he spake among the immortal gods,saying : " Now look you, verily have I grief forgreat-hearted Aeneas, who anon shall go down to thehouse of Hades, slain by the son of Peleus, forthat he listened to the bidding of Apollo thatsmiteth afar—fool that he was ! nor will the godin any wise ward from him woeful destruction. Butwherefore should he, a guiltless man, suffer woesvainly by reason of sorrows that are not his own ? 1—whereas he ever giveth acceptable gifts to the godsthat hold broad heaven. Nay, come, let us lead himforth from out of death, lest the son of Cronos beanywise wroth, if so be Achilles slay him ; for itis ordained unto him to escape, that the race ofDardanus perish not without seed and be seen nomore—of Dardanus whom the son of Cronos lovedabove all the children born to him from mortalwomen. For at length hath the son of Cronoscome to hate the race of Priam ; and now verilyshall the mighty Aeneas be king among the Trojans,and his sons' sons that shall be born in days tocome."

Then made answer to him the ox-eyed, queenlyHera : " Shaker of Earth, of thine own self takecounsel in thine heart as touching Aeneas, whetherthou wilt save him or suffer him to be slain for all hisvalour by Achilles, Peleus' son. We twain verily,

393

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77 TOI jJi€V ydp vwi TroAe'as1 (LfJioacrapev opKovsTracri [JLGT' dOavdroiaiv, eya; /cat IlaAAa? 'Adrjvrj,P,TI 77or' em Tpcoecrcrtv dAe^creiv /ca/coy rjp>ap, 315

' OTTOT' av Tpoiir] //.aAcpoj Trupt 7Tacra], Kaiaxri1 8* dpTjfot utes1 'Aâc

Aurap evret TO y' a/couae ITocretSacov e/fry p' tûet' av re fjid^rjv Kal dva K\OVOV e!£e §' 6'^' Alveias 178' o /cAuros' êv 'A^tAAeu?. 320aurt/ca rai jicev eTretra /car' ofidaX/Jitov x^€V aÂw,nÂei'Si] 'A^tA^t* o Se peXi^v evâ\Kovz

dcTTrt'Sos' eêpvaev /zeyaA^Topo? Alveiao-Kal rrjv /xev TTpondpoiQe TroScov 'AîATjo? eOrjxev,Alveiav 8' ecraevev OLTTO -){dovo$ Ui/rocr' deipas. 325TtoAAas" Se arenas' r)pa>a>v, TroAAd? Se /cat 'imnavAlveias VTrepdXro deov 0,770 êi/ao? dpovaras,i£e 8' CTV' ecrârn]!' TToAudt/cos" TroAe'jU-oto,evâ re Kau/ccove? TroAe/xov êra OcopyjacrovTO.TO) Se /idA' eyyvdev rjXOe TlocreiSdcDV €voGi%6a)v, 330/cat ju,tv (f>a)vijaas eWa Trrepoevra Trpocr^vâ'" Atveta, TIS or' c58e 9ea>v dreovra /ceAeuetdvria nÂetcovos' vrrepSvôio p.dêada,i}

os crev a/xa /cpetcrcroov /cat (fiiXrepos dOavdroicrLv;dAA' dvaâ)p^crat, ore /cev avpfiXrjaeai avra), 335/AT) /cat VTrep p.olpav $6fj,ov "At'So?avrdp eTret /c' 'A^tAet)? Bdvarov /cat TTOTÔV edaparjaas 817 eVetTa /zero, Trpajrotcrtou ynev yd/o rt? cr' dAAo? 'AâtcD^

"Ds1 etTrojv AtVev avrod', eirel SteTre^paSe navra. 340

1 Kaiojj.ev't), Ka[<a<ri: daio^vrj daiwffi (cf. xxi. 376).2 Lines 322-324 were rejected by Aristarchus.


even Pallas Athene and I, have sworn oaths fullmany among all the immortals never to ward offfrom the Trojans the day of evil, nay, not when allTroy shall burn in the burning of consuming fire,and the warlike sons of the Achaeans shall be theburners thereof."

Now when Poseidon, the Shaker of Earth, heardthis, he went his way amid the battle and thehurtling of spears, and came to the place whereAeneas was and glorious Achilles. Forthwith thenhe shed a mist over the eyes of Achilles, Peleus' son,and the ashen spear, well-shod with bronze, he drewforth from the shield of the great-hearted Aeneas andset it before the feet of Achilles, but Aeneas he liftedup and swung him on high from off the ground.Over many ranks of warriors and many of chariotssprang Aeneas, soaring from the hand of the god,and came to the uttermost verge of the furiousbattle, where the Caucones were arraying them forthe fight. Then close to his side came Poseidon,the Shaker of Earth, and he spake, and addressedhim with winged words :

" Aeneas, what god is it that thus biddeth thee inblindness of heart do battle man to man with thehigh-hearted son of Peleus, seeing he is a betterman than thou, and therewithal dearer to the im-mortals ? Nay, draw thou back, whensoever thoufallest in with him, lest even beyond thy doomthou enter the house of Hades. But when it shallbe that Achilles hath met his death and fate, thentake thou courage to fight among the foremost, forthere is none other of the Achaeans that shall slaythee."

So saying he left him there, when he had told

395

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altfta 8' eVeir' 'AîAô? O.TT' dtfrOaXfjLtov cr/ce'Sacr' d6 8' eWira ;u,ey'

8' d'pa eiTre 77730? ov //.eyaAryropa 9vp:6v •" a> TTOTTOI, rj jiieya. davfia roS' o^QaXÔLOLV opcD//,ai'eyxos fjiev ro8e /cetrat evri %6ov6s, ov8e rt <f>ojTa 345Aeycrcra), TO) 6^617 Aca Kara/CTa/zevai êveaivatv.y pa Kal Atveia? t^tAo? aâvaroicri Oeolcrwrjev ardp fjav 'i<^t]v fjicu/j avrcos€pp€Ta> • ov ol dvfAos e'jLiev erteorcrerat, o? KCU v>w (frvyev aoîevos IK OavdroLO. 350cxAA' aye 8?) Aaj/aoicrt <^tAo7TToAe)u.oi(7tTWV aAAcov Tpaicov 7T€i,pijaofj,CLi avrio? e

TTT \ * \ / T\ /\ < J V / \ r /±1, /<rat e77t crrtâ? aAro, /ceAeoc oe (pcort e/cacrra)'"jMTy/ceTi fw T/atocor e/cd? ecrrare, Stot 'Aâtot,dAA' ay' dv-^p dvr' di'Spos' tra), //.ejadra) 8e fjidêodcK,. 355dpyaXeov 8e /uot ecrrt «rat t^Tocrcrouo-S' dvdpdbrrovs €(f>€7T€iV Kal TracnoySe /c' "Apys, os rrep deos d^poros, ovoe /c' 'TocraTjcrS' vofjitv^s e<p€7Toi crTOjLta «rat Troveotro.dAA' oaaov ju-ei/ eya> Swa/iat %€pcrLv re TTOOIV re 360«at oOeveL, ov ju,' ert ^//,t fj,edr)a€fj,ev ouS' rjâiov,dAAd pdXa crrtô? efyu 8ia[j,7Tep€s, ovoe riv' otajTpcotov %aipijaeiv, os TIS crêSov eyêo? eXdrj."

• Tptbeaai 8e <pai8i[ji,os "E/<Tcop", <^dro 8' i/i^tevat dW' 'AîAôs' 365

VTrepdvpoi, fj,r) Sei'Stret /<ev eycbv eTreeacrt /cat ddavdroLcri

i' 8' dpyaXeov, eTret 77 TroAu (freprepoi elaiv.396


him all. Then quickly from Achilles' eyes hescattered the wondrous mist ; and he stared hardwith his eyes, and mightily moved spake unto hisown great-hearted spirit: " Now look you, verily agreat marvel is this that mine eyes behold. Myspear lieth here upon the ground, yet the man mayI nowise see at whom I hurled it, eager to slay him.Verily, it seemeth, Aeneas likewise is dear to theimmortal gods, albeit I deemed that his boasting wasidle and vain. Let him go his way ! no heart shallhe find to make trial of me again, seeing thatnow he is glad to have escaped from death. Butcome, I will call to the war-loving Danaans and goforth against the other Trojans to make trial ofthem."

He spake, and leapt along the ranks, and calledto each man : " No longer now stand ye afar fromthe Trojans, ye goodly Achaeans, but come, let mango forth against man and be eager for the fray.Hard is it for me, how mighty soever I be, to dealwith men so many, and to fight them all ; not evenAres, for all he is an immortal god, nor Athene couldcontrol by dint of toil the jaws of such a fray. How-beit so far as I avail with hands and feet and might,in no wise, methinks, shall I be slack, nay, not awhit ; but straight through their line will I go, nordeem I that any of the Trojans will be glad, who-soever shall draw nigh my spear."

So spake he, urging them on ; and to the Trojansglorious Hector called with a shout, and declaredthat he would go forth to face Achilles : " YeTrojans, high of heart, fear not the son of Peleus.I too with words could fight even the immortals, butwith the spear it were hard, for they are mightier

397

HOMER

ovS' 'AîAeus1 TrdvTeo-crt reAo?dAAd ro /xev reAeet, TO Se Krai fjuecra^yv /coAoucret. 379rou 8' eycb avrt'o? eiû, /cat et Trupi êlpas eot/cev,

et m»pt êipa? e'oifce, jnevo? 8' aWcovi, crt87jpa>."

^Qg1 </>ar' €7TOTpvva)V, ol 8' cxvrtot eyê' aeipav

TpO)€S' TCOV S' a/XuSt? P'l'X^'"! ^V°S, COpTO 8'

/cat TOT' ap' "E/CTOpa eiTre rrapacrras

375

dAAa KraTa TrXrjdvv re KOI IK (pXoiafioio Se'Seô,

/z-^ 7T6US1 or* iê jSdATj 176 crêSov aopi TV^Y/."

*£ls £(j)a6' , "E/CTCOp 8' auTi? eSucrero ouAa/xov dySpt

6V aAcoucre 0eou OTTO, (f>O)vr)cravTos . 380u? Tpcoecrcrt 0o

crftepSaAea td^cov, TrpaJrov 8' e'Aei> '

eaOXov 'QTpWTet8r]v, rroXewv rjyrjropa. Xacov,

ov vvp,cf>r) T€K€ vr)t$ 'Orpwrrji TTroXnropOa)

U7TO Vl(j)6€VTl, "TS^J 6V TTtOJ/t SÔ* ' 385

8' t^y? fJiepacoTa j8aA' eyêt 8tos 'A^tO.K Ke^>a\r^v TJ 8' dVStâ Tracra

8e TTCGWV, 6 8' errevâro Stos 'Aî" /ceicrat, 'OT/ouvTet'S^, TrdvTcuv e/CTrayAoTaT5 d

ei^^dSe Tot Odvaros, yeve?} 8e Tot CCTT' eTTt Xifjuvr] 390

FuyaiT^, oî TOI T€fji€vos Trarpa)'C6v"YAAa) CTT' l^Qvoevn /cat "Ep/xcp

"D? eâr* €i>x6p>zvos, rov Se GTKOTOS oacreTOV jLtev Aâtaiv ITTTTOI eTTiocrairpois 8areovro

ev va'ivr' 6 8' eV auTa) AruoXeovra, 395


far. Neither shall Achilles bring to fulfilment allhis words, but a part thereof will he fulfil, and apart leave incomplete. Against him will I go forth,though his hands be even as fire, though his handsbe as fire and his fury as the flashing steel."

So spake he, urging them on ; and the Trojanswith their faces toward the foe lifted their spears onhigh, and the fury of both sides clashed confusedly,and the battle cry arose. Then Phoebus Apollo drewnigh to Hector, and spake, saying: " Hector, no longerdo thou anywise stand forth as a champion againstAchilles, but in the throng await thou him and fromamid the din of conflict, lest so be he smite thee with acast of his spear or with his sword in close combat."

So spake he, and Hector fell back again into thethrong of men, seized with fear, when he heard thevoice of the god as he spoke.

But Achilles leapt among the Trojans, his heartclothed about in might, crying a terrible cry, andfirst he slew Iphition, the valiant son of Otrynteus,the leader of a great host, whom a Nai'ad nymphbare to Otrynteus, sacker of cities, beneath snowyTimolus in the rich land of Hyde. Him, as he rushedstraight upon him, goodly Achilles smote with a castof his spear full upon the head, and his head waswholly cloven asunder. And he fell with a thud, andgoodly Achilles exulted over him : " Low thou liest,Otrynteus, of all men most dread ; here is thy death,albeit thy birth was by the Gygaean lake, where isthe demesne of thy fathers, even by Hyllus, thatteems with fish, and eddying Hermus."

So spake he vauntingly, but darkness enfolded theother's eyes. Him the chariots of the Achaeans toreasunder with their tires in the forefront of the fray,

399

HOMER

ecrOXov dXe^rjrrjpa jitd^rjs1, 'Avryvopos vlov,vv£e Kara Kpora(f>ov, Kvverjs Sia \a\Korrapriov.ouS' apa âA/<:et7j Kopvs ecr%edev, dAAd Si' avrfjsalxpr) le/jievrj pfj£' oareov, eyKeâXos 8eeVSov arras rreirdXaKro' odfjiacrae 8e /xtv p;6jU,aa)Ta.'I7r7ro8d]u.avra 8' eVeira /ca^' ITTTTCOV dtâvra,rrpoadev eOev favyovra, p,eTa(f>pevov ovraae 8ovpi.avrap o Qvôv aioOe /cat i^'puyev, tu? ore ravposypvyev eXtco/Jievos 'ISiXiKcoviov d[juKovpa>v eXKovrcov "ydvvrai 8e re rotsa>s apa rov y' epvyovra AITT' oarea Ovpos d"t

avrap 6 jS^ aw 8oupt juer* dvriOeov TioXvoaipovIlpiafJiioTfjv. rov 8' ov ri Trarrjp elaaKeovveitd ol jMera Tratcrt veaSraro? «"/cat ot (j)iXraros eaKe, TrdSeacrt Se rrdvras evt/ca. 410817 rare VTjTTterjai TroSaij/ dperyv dvatfraivwv/ i . - . < > \ / T J '^ "\ Q 'owe ota 7rpop,aâjv, 7)0? <piAov coAecre au/iov.TOV jSaAe fjiecraov a/covrt rroSdpKrjs olos 'ivatra rcapd'iaaovros, odi t^coaTfjpos o)Xpvaeioi avveôv KOI StTrAdos* rfvrero da)pr]£'dvriKpv 8e Steo-ê Trap' o//,</>aAw eyêo?yvv^ 8' epi?7 oifjubgas, ve<f>eXr) SeKvaver), rrporl ot 8' eAa^S' evrepa X6Pa^ Xiacrdeis.

"E^Ttop 8' 6t»? evoTjcre Kaaiyvr]Tov IToAuScopovevrepa %epalv exovra, Xia£,6[j,evov rcorl yairj,Kap pa ol 6<j>6aXiJia)V Keyvr* dÂu? • ouS' ap' eV eVAii<j \ f \ i ^ /)> ' ^ ^» > /orjpov eKas crrpojfyaav , aAA aj/rto?

1 Helice, in Achaea, was a noted seat of Poseidon-worship;see viii. 203.400


and over him Demoleon, Antenor's son, a valiantwarder of battle, did Achilles pierce in the templethrough the helmet with cheek-pieces of bronze.Nor did the bronze helm stay the spear, but throughit sped the spear-point and brake asunder the bone ;and all the brain was scattered about within ; sostayed he him in his fury. Hippodamas thereafter,as he leapt down from his car and fled before him,he smote upon the back with a thrust of his spear.And as he breathed forth his spirit he gave a bellowingcry, even as a bull that is dragged belloweth, whenyoung men drag him about the altar of the lord ofHelice x ; for in such doth the Shaker of Earth delight;even so bellowed Hippodamas, as his lordly spirit lefthis bones. But Achilles with his spear went on aftergodlike Polydorus, son of Priam. Him would hisfather nowise suffer to fight, for that among hischildren he was the youngest born and was dearestin his eyes ; and in swiftness of foot he surpassedall. And lo, now in his folly, making show of hisfleetness of foot, he was rushing through the foremostfighters, until he lost his life. Him swift-footedgoodly Achilles smote full upon the back with a castof his spear, as he darted past, even where the goldenclasps of the belt were fastened, and the corseletoverlapped ; through this straight on its way besidethe navel passed the spear-point, and he fell to hisknees with a groan and a cloud of darkness enfoldedhim, and as he sank he clasped his bowels to himwith his hands.

But when Hector beheld his brother Polydorus,clasping his bowels in his hand and sinking to earth,down over his eyes a mist was shed, nor might helonger endure to range apart, but strode against

VOL. II 2 D 401

HOMER

o£v Sopu Kpa$da>v, cÂoyt et/ceAos" avrap 'A<Ls etS', co? cxveTraAro, /cat evôpevos erros TûSa*" eyyvs dvrjp os ejitoV ye yuaAtcrr' eazpdaaaro dvpov, 42509 /zot eralpov zrre^ve rert^tevov ouS' ap' ert S^vdAArjAou? 7TTO)aaoi[ji€v dva TrroAe/xoto y€<f>vpas-"

'H, /cat UTroSpa iScbv Trpocre^coveet' "E/cropa Stov" daaov W*, a>s xev ddacrov oXedpov TreipaO* t/CTjat."

Tov 8' o?5 rap^cra? rrpoa^f] KopvdaioXos "E/crtop • 439" ITÂeiS^, jMT7 8- jU,' eVeecrcrt ye vrjnvrLov a>seXrreo SeiStêcrât, e?ret ad<pa ofSa /cat auro?êv Kepro[j,ias 178* atcri/â1 fjivdijaaaOai.oiSa 8' on CTV yu,ei> eaOXos, eyco Se oe6ev TroXv êtpcov.dAA' ^ rot /iev raura êait' ev yowacrt /cetrat, 435at /ce ere êiporepos1 Trep ecov awo dvpov e'Aco/AcuSou/at /3aXa)v, eirel rj /cat €jww ^SeAo? d^-y Trdpoidev."

' H pa, /cat ayLtrreTraAcov Trpot'ei Sdpu, /cat TO y' *A.9rjvr)TTVOifj 'AîXXijos irdXiv eVpaTre /cuSaAtyttoto,^/ca fJidXa ijjv£acraf TO 8' a0 t/ce^' "E/CTOpa Stoy, 440avrov 8e irpOTrdpoide TroSajv Trlaev. avrap 'e/i/>te//.atos- cTropovae /caTa/CTa/^tevatcr/AepSaAea Id^cov TOV 8' e^pTra^' • » / \ > « / i / > / \ i o > v > » /peta p:aA CD? Te ueo$, €KaAvifje o ap ê

Tpt? jitev eWtT* eTTopovae TToSdpKrjs Sto? 'A^tAAey? *45eyêt âA/cetco, Tpi? 8' Tê'pa TUi/re fiaOelav.aAA 6Ve 8i] TO reraprov eTreaavro Sat'/ôyt tcro?,8etva 8' o/ô/cA^cras' eWa Trrepoevra 7rpoar]v8a'" e£ av vvv eûye? Odvarov, KVOV rj re roi ay^t•jÂê /ca/coV • vw awre a' epvaaro Qoifios 'ArroXXajv, 450<S /j,e'AAet? euêcrât tcov e? Sot'Troy a

1 ai'cri/Aa: at'cruXa MSS. ; R/. 202.402


Achilles, brandishing his sharp spear, in fashion likea flame. But when Achilles beheld him, even thensprang he up and spake vauntingly : " Lo, nigh isthe man, that above all hath stricken me to the heart,for that he slew the comrade I honoured. Not forlong shall we any more shrink one from the otheralong the dykes of war."

He said, and with an angry glance from beneath hisbrows spake unto goodly Hector : " Draw nigh, thatthou mayest the sooner enter the toils of destruction."

But with no touch of fear, spake to him Hectorof the flashing helm : " Son of Peleus, think notwith words to affright me, as I were a child, seeingI know well of myself to utter taunts and withalspeech that is seemly. I know that thou art valiant,and I am weaker far than thou. Yet these thingsverily lie on the knees of the gods, whether I,albeit theweaker, shall rob thee of life with a cast of my spear;for my missile too hath been found keen ere now."

He spake, and poised his spear and hurled it, butAthene with a breath turned it back from gloriousAchilles, breathing full lightly; and it came back togoodly Hector, and fell there before his feet. ButAchilles leapt upon him furiously, fain to slay him,crying a terrible cry. But Apollo snatched up Hectorfull easily, as a god may, and shrouded him in thickmist. Thrice then did swift-footed, goodly Achillesleap upon him with spear of bronze, and thrice hesmote the thick mist. But when for the fourth timehe rushed upon him like a god, then with a terriblecry he spake to him winged words : " Now again, thoudog, art thou escaped from death, though verily thybane came nigh thee ; but once more hath PhoebusApollo saved thee, to whom of a surety thou must

403

HOMER

•^ Qrfv a' e£avva) ye Kal varepov

el TTOV TIS Kal ejjiOi ye Qewv €TriTappo96s eari.

vvv av TOVS aXXovs eVrieuro/xat, 6V K€ /aêtco."Q? eiTTtov ApuoTr' OUTO. /car' avxeva /xecro-ov CLKOVTI • 455

8e TrpOTrdpoiOe TroSaiv. o Se rov /zev eacre,Se OtArjro/otSTjv, T]uV re peyav re,

/cay ydvu Soupi /3aAcov rjpvKaKe- rov fiev eVetraouTa£cov î0ei' /xeyaAa) eâivvro 6vp,6v.

avrap 6 Aaoyovov KOL AapSavov, ute Btavro?, 460ajLK^>a> e<f)opijir}dels e£ LTTITCOV cocre â/zaê,rot- juev Sou/at fiaXwv, rov Se <rê§ov aopt ryi/fa?.TpcDa 8' 'AAacTTo/DiS'î',—o /zev avrto? "fjXvOc yovvow,

el -770)5 ev 7re</>i'ScHTo Xaj3a)v Kal Liaov cxêti^,

Kara/cretVetev OjU.ÂiKrtTjv eAeTjaas1, 455, ouSe TO 17817, o ou TreLaeadai e/êAAev

ou yap rt yXvKvdv/Jios avrjp r\v ouS' ayav6<f>pa)v,

aAAa /u,aA' e'/Zjue/xaaj?—o jiiev ^Trrero êi'pecrt yowaivlefjievos Atcraecr^', o 8e <f>aaydva) ovra /ca^' fJTrap'€K Se 01 rJTrap oXcodzv, arap fjieXav al/j,a /car' aurou 470

eirXriaev' rov 8e cr/cdros1 ocrcre KaXvifiev Sevojjievov 6 Se MouAtov oura Trapaaras

8ovpl /car' otJS" eiâp Se St' OVO.TOS yXO' erepoioaA/cetTy. o S' 'Ayi^vopo? utov "Eê/cAov/ca/c K€(f>aXrjv îêt Âacre /ccoTTêvrt, 475

Trav S' vTredepfjidvOirj £i(f>os aJfiart* TOV Se /car' ocrae

e'AAa/Se 7rop(f>vpeos Odvaros KO.L fjbolpa Kparair).

404


make prayer, whenso thou goest amid the hurtlingof spears. Verily I will yet make an end of thee,when I meet thee hereafter, if so be any god ishelper to me likewise. But now wrill I make afterothers, whomsoever I may light upon."

So saying he smote Dryops full upon the neck witha thrust of his spear, and he fell down before hisfeet. But he left him there, and stayed from fightDemuchus, Philetor's son, a valiant man and tall,striking him upon the knee with a cast of his spear ;and thereafter he smote him with his great sword, andtook away his life. Then setting upon Laogonus andDardanus, sons twain of Bias, he thrust them bothfrom their chariot to the ground, smiting the onewith a cast of his spear and the other with his swordin close fight. Then Tros, Alastor's son—he cameto clasp his knees, if so be he would spare him,by taking him captive, and let him go alive, andslay him not, having pity on one of like age, foolthat he was ! nor knew he this, that with him wasto be no hearkening ; for nowise soft of heart orgentle of mind was the man, but exceeding fierce—he sought to clasp Achilles' knees with his hands,fain to make his prayer; but he smote him upon theliver with his sword, and forth the liver slipped, andthe dark blood welling forth therefrom filled hisbosom; and darkness enfolded his eyes, as heswooned. Then with his spear Achilles drew nighunto Mulius and smote him upon the ear, and cleanthrough the other ear passed the spear-point ofbronze. Then smote he Agenor's son Echeclus fullupon the head with his hilted sword, and all theblade grew warm with his blood, and down over hiseyes came dark death and mighty fate. Thereafter

405

HOMER

Aeu/caAtcoi'a S' erreid* , Lva re ^weôucri revovres

^ TW ye ^tA^? Sta, xeipo? erreipev

/ceiT}* 6 Se /itf jMeVe X€^Pa fta-pvvOeis, 430* opooiv Qdvarov 6 Se 0acryava> auêVa Oeivas

* avrfj TTrjXrjKi Kaprj ^SaAe* /zueAo? aurea<j)ov()vXia)v e/c7raA^', o S' eVt %0ovl /cetroavrap 6 ftrj p' teVat juer' a^tu/ôva TleipecD

os e/c QpfjKrjs epi^ScoAa/co? etAÂouêf 485jSaAe [Aeaaov aKovn, Trdyr) 8' ey VTjSuf âA/cos1,

0 . 5 ) > > / f O , 5 5 * ./i/l /I /o eg oêcuf. o o AprjLUoov oepaTrovra

ai/f l-nrrovs crrpeif/avra fji€Tai<f)p€vov oêf Souptvu^"', O.TTO 8' apfiaros were' KVKrjd-rjaav 8e ot ITTTTOI.

'Q? 8' dvaîat/zaet jSaê" a'y/cea êcrTriSae? 7J"i7p 490ovpeos aâAeoto, ^Saêta 8e /caterat £%],TTOLvrr) re K\ovea>v aveôs (pXoya elXv(f)d£,€(,,

oJs o ye Trdvrrj Owe avv ey%e'i SaifJiovt, laos,Krewofjuevovs eêTratv pee 8' at/zart yata jiteAaiva.ai? 8' ore TI? £,ev£r) f36as apaevas evpviierainovs 495

/cpt Aeu/cov evKTifJievr) ev dXajfj,

a re AeVr' eyevovro j3o£>v VTTO TTOCTCT' epi[j,vKa>v,

cos VTT* 'A%i,XXfjos fJieyaOvôv /zcuvuê? ITTTTOIaTeZfiov opov veKvds re /cat acrTrt'Sas1 • ai/xart 8' a^ctij/vepQev airas rreTrdXaKro /cat dvrvyes at Trept 8t^>po^, 500

a? ap' d^' iTTTretcov oTrAecor paddp.iyyes efiaXXov

at T' 0,77' eTnaocorpcov • 6 8e tero /cySo? dpeadac, Xv6pa> Se TraAacrcreTO êtpa? ddT

406


Deucalion, at the point where the sinews of the elbowjoin, even there pierced he him through the arm withspear-point of bronze ; and he abode his oncomingwith arm weighed down, beholding death before him;but Achilles, smiting him with the sword upon hisneck, hurled afar his head and therewithal hishelmet; and the marrow spurted forth from the spine,and the corpse lay stretched upon the ground. Thenwent he on after the peerless son of Peires, evenRhigmus, that had come from deep-soiled Thrace.Him he smote in the middle with a cast of his spear,and the bronze was fixed in his belly ; and he fellforth from out his car. And Areiithous, his squire, ashe was turning round the horses, did Achilles pierce inthe back with his sharp spear, and thrust him fromthe car ; and the horses ran wild.

As through the deep glens of a parched mountain-side rageth wondrous-blazing fire, and the deepforest burneth, and the wind as it driveth it onwhirleth the flame everywhither, even so raged heeverywhither with his spear, like some god, everpressing hard upon them that he slew; and theblack earth ran with blood. And as a man yokethbulls broad of brow to tread white barley in a well-ordered threshing-floor, and quickly is the graintrodden out beneath the feet of the loud-bellowingbulls ; even so beneath great-souled Achilles hissingle-hooved horses trampled alike on the dead andon the shields; and with blood was all the axlesprinkled beneath, and the rims round about thecar, for drops smote upon them from the horses'hooves and from the tires. But the son of Peleuspressed on to win him glory, and with gore were hisinvincible hands bespattered.

407

IAIAAOS O

'AAA' ore Br] Tropov l£ov evppeTos 7rorafj,oXo,ZLdvdov oivTJevros, 6V dOdvaros1 re/cero Zeus,evda Star/ZTâs1 TOVS p-ev Treoiovoe Sta>/certpos TToXiV, r} irep 'Aâtot2 arvô^voi (f>o^€OVTOr\\iOfri ra> irporepa), ore paLvero <f>ai8ifj,os "rfj p' o? ye Trpoêovro 7re(f>vScores, yepa 8' "Trirva rrpoade /3a6ela.v epVKefjiev rjîaees Seeg irorafJiov elXevvro âdvppoov apyvpo&ivrjv,ev 8' eTreaov jaeyaAo) Traraya), ^Spaê 8' atVa peedpa,o)(6ai 8' d/i^t 7re/ot /xeyctA' taôv ot 8' aAaA^ra) 10€vveov evda /cat evda, eAtcrcro/Aeôt ?7ept StVa?.a»? 8' 6' ' VTTO piTrffS wpos aKpiSes rjepedovraiêuye/xevat irorafjiovSe • TO 8e <f>Xeyei, aKauarov Trvpoppevov e£ai(f>vr)s, rat Se rrrataaovai Ka0' vScjp'a)s VTT* 'A^tAAô? Savôu /3advS(,vr]evros 15TrXrjro poos KeXdScuv em^l^ ITTTTCW re /cat aj^

A.vrap 6 ot,oyevr]s 86pv pev XLTTCV avrov eVfj,vpiKr)<Hv} 6 8' eadope 8at/zoj/t

olov e-%u>v, /ca/cct Se <f)peal /j,rjoero epya,Tvrrre 8' errLarpofidorjv T&V Se arovos opvvr' deiKrjs 20

1 dâj'ttTos: dddvarov Zenodotus.2 'Axaiot:

408

BOOK XXI

But when they were now come to the ford of thefair-flowing river, even eddying Xanthus thatimmortal Zeus begat, there Achilles cleft themasunder, and the one part he drave to the plain towardthe city, even where the Achaeans were fleeing inrout the day before, what time glorious Hector wasraging—thitherward poured forth some in rout, andHera spread before them a thick mist to hinderthem; but the half of them were pent into thedeep-flowing river with its silver eddies. Thereinthey flung themselves with a great din, and thesheer-falling streams resounded, and the banks roundabout rang loudly ; and with noise of shouting swamthey this way and that, whirled about in the eddies.And. as when beneath the onrush of fire locusts takewing to flee unto a river, and the unwearied fireburneth them with its sudden oncoming, and theyshrink down into the water ; even so before Achilleswas the sounding stream of deep-eddying Xanthusfilled confusedly with chariots and with men.

But the Zeus-begotten left there his spear uponthe bank, leaning against the tamarisk bushes, andhimself leapt in like a god with naught but his sword;and grim was the work he purposed in his heart, andturning him this way and that he smote and smote ;and from them uprose hideous groaning as they were

409

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aopi 0€ivofj,fvun>, epvdawero 8' atfiari u'a>s 8' V770 SeXfavos neyaKrjTeos txûe? aAAoc<f)€vyovTes THftTrAacri //.irôu? AtjueVo?SeiSiores" [J,dXa yap re /carea^tei 6V Kews Tpojes Trora/zoto /card Seivoio pee^pa 25

wo Kprj^vovs. 6 S' eTret

TroTa/xoto SucijSeKa Ae^-aro Kovpovs,

TOWS' e^Tjye dvpaê re^TTOTas iûre vefipovs,Sijcre 8' OTriaaat -êlpas eur/xTJrotcrtv t/xdcrt, 30Toy? avrot (fropeecrKov em arpe-nroloLSco/ce 8' eraipoiffiv Karrdyziv KoiXas CTTIavrap 6 aifj eTropoucre Saiê/xevai

"Ev0' uft ripia/>toto cruv^vTeTo AapSavt'Saoe/c norafjiov fyzvyovn, AuKaovt, TOV p'a TTOT' auros1 35

Xafiajv e/c Trarpos aAco^s ou/c edeXovra,TrpopoXcov 6 8* epweov o£e'C âA/cai

veovs 0/01717 /ca?, 'v' dpâros dvrvyzs elevTOJ 8' ap' dvcoiarov KCLKOV rjXvde Stoy 'A^tAAeu?./cat Tore /zeV /iiv A.ijfjivov evKri^4vt]v errepacrae 40VTjucrti^ dyatv, drdp vios 'Irjaovos wvov e'K6L06V Se £elv6s (JMV eXvaaro, TroXXd 8' e"Ijjifipios 'Hericuv, 7re/xi/»ev 8' ey 8tav 'A.pia(3ir)V'evOev VTreKTrpo^vyaJv Trarpcbiov i/cero 8a>/xa.evSeKa 8' 'rjfjiaTa Ovfôv erepTrero ofcrt (piXoicnv 45

CK Arjpvoio' SucoSe/caT^ 8e p:tv avnsev, os p,w e / z e e

els 'AtSao /cat ou/c edeXovra vezadcu.

410

THE ILIAD, XXI. 21-48

smitten with the sword, and the water grew red withblood. And as before a dolphin, huge of maw, otherfishes flee and fill the nooks of some harbour of fairanchorage in their terror, for greedily doth he devourwhatsoever one he catcheth ; even so cowered theTrojans in the streams of the dread river beneaththe steep banks. And he, when his hands grewweary of slaying, chose twelve youths alive from outthe river as blood-price for dead Patroclus, son ofMenoetius. These led he forth dazed like fawns,and bound their hands behind them with shapelythongs, which they themselves wore about theirpliant tunics, and gave them to his comrades to leadto the hollow ships. Then himself he sprang backagain, full eager to slay.

There met he a son of Dardanian Priam fleeingforth from the river, even Lycaon, whom on a time hehad himself taken and brought sore against his will,from his father's orchard being come forth in thenight; he was cutting with the sharp bronze theyoung shoots of a wild fig-tree, to be the rims of achariot ; but upon him, an unlooked-for bane, camegoodly Achilles. For that time had he sold himinto well-built Lemnos, bearing him thither on hisships, and the son of Jason had given a price for him;but from thence a guest-friend had ransomed him—and a great price he gave—even Eetion of Imbros,and had sent him unto goodly Arisbe ; whence hehad fled forth secretly and come to the house ofhis fathers. For eleven days' space had he joy amidhis friends, being come forth from Lemnos ; but onthe twelfth a god cast him once more into the handsof Achilles, who was to send him to the house ofHades, loath though he was to go. When the

4,11

HOMER

rOV 8* Ol? OVV €.v6f]Cf€ TTobcipKlrjS SlO? '

yv[J,v6v,aT€p KopvOos re /cat dom'So?, ou8' eêv eyô?, 50dAAa ra /zev p" tiTro Trdvra â/nat /8dAe 'Teipe yap iSpto?

* IK TTOTdfAov, /cajLtaTO? 8' T^TTO yowar' eSajtAva •

8' apa etTre Trpos1 or jLteyaA^ropa dvpov

" a> TTOTTOI, ^ te'ya 9avp,a roS' o<^âA/iotcriv opwâL'

rj jitaAa 817 TpcDes /ieyaA-^Tope?, ov? Trep evecpvov, 55avT6? czvacTTTycrovrat UTTO ôôu rjepoevros,

olov $YI Kai oS' TÂê fivyaiv VTTO vyXees

e? ^yaderjv TreTrepry/zeVo? • ouSe ju,tv

aAo? TToAtTys1, o TToAeaj de/covras1 epu/cet.dAA' aye 817 feat Soupo? d/ccoKTys' ^//.eTepoto 60yeucrerai, oîpa i'Scojitai evt ^pecriv T^Se 8aeta>

• ap' ojAios KCU Keldev eAeucrerai, i| /AI

y^ (f>vai£,oos, TI re /caret /cparepov ?rep"Os cupjLtatve fjievoiv • 6 Se ot crêSov Â^

yovvuov aifsaodai, fte/xaws1, Trept 8' ^'0eAe Ov/Ato 55€K(f)vy€€iv ddvarov re KO.KOV /cat /c^pa

•q roi 6 /iev Sdpu /ia/cppv dvecrêro 8to? '

ourd/tevai /ie/zacu?, o 8' UTreSpa/xe /cat AdjSe yowcov

KVtfjas' eyxe''r) ^' ^P* wep vaSroy evt yatêarr], te/u.ev7j xpoos1 aftet'at dvSpo/Lte'oio . 70avrap 6 rfj ereprj /aev eAd>i> eAAtacrero yovvtov,

rfl 8' ere'pty eêv eyô? d/ca^/xeVov ouSe /uefli'ef

Kai /utv <j>a>vT/jcras eirea nrepoevra TrpocrrjvBa.1/ t y \ \ ~. \ c j . / » » o / »

u CT , A^tAeu- CTD oe /a atoeo /cat /x

1 Line 73 was omitted by Aristarchus.


swift-footed, goodly Achilles was ware of him, allunarmed, without helm or shield, nor had he a spear,but had thrown all these from him to the ground;for the sweat vexed him as he sought to flee fromout the river, and weariness overmastered his kneesbeneath him ; then, mightily moved, Achilles spakeunto his own great-hearted spirit: " Now look you,verily a great marvel is this that mine eyes behold !In good sooth the great-hearted Trojans that I haveslain will rise up again from beneath the murkydarkness, seeing this man is thus come back andhath escaped the pitiless day of doom, albeit he wassold into sacred Lemnos; neither hath the deep ofthe grey sea stayed him, that holdeth back full manyagainst their will. Nay, but come, of the point of ourspear also shall he taste, that I may see and know inheart whether in like manner he will come backeven from beneath, or whether the life-giving earthwill hold him fast, she that holdeth even him thatis strong."

So pondered he, and abode; but the other drewnigh him, dazed, eager to touch his knees, andexceeding fain of heart was he to escape from evildeath and black fate. Then goodly Achilles liftedon high his long spear, eager to smite him, butLycaon stooped and ran thereunder, and claspedhis knees ; and the spear passed over his back andwas stayed in the ground, albeit fain to glut itself withthe flesh of man. Then Lycaon besought him, withthe one hand clasping his knees while with the otherhe held the sharp spear, and would not let it go ; andhe spake and addressed him with winged words :" I beseech thee by thy knees, Achilles, and do thourespect me and have pity ; in thine eyes, O thou

413

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rot et//,' i/ce'rao, StorpeêV, atSototo* 75Trap yap crot Trpcora) Tracrdjin^v A^^tTjrepo? a/cTTp,•fj/jiaTi TO) ore /z' eiAe? evKTipevr) ev dXcofj,/cat /ze TTepacrcra? avevdev dycov rrarpos re (f>i\ajv reA.fJiJivov es rjyaOerjv, eKaTO/AJSoiov Se rot ^\(f>ov.vvv Se Xv/jirjv rpls rocraa iroptav r)0)s Se jU,ot e'o-riv 80rjSe SucoSe/car^, 6V e? "lAtot' etAÂouâTroAAa TTddaiv • vvv av fji€ Tefls ev êpcrlv edrjK€jjJolp> oAo^' /AeAAoj TTOU aTT€-)(Qe<jQai, Att vrarpt,o? /ze crot awn? Sai/ce • }JiivvvQa&iov Se' ê fj,^TT]pyeivaro AaoOor], dvydrrip "AArao yepovros, 85"AAra', 6V AeAe'yecrcrt ^>tAo77roAe'^toio-tp' dvacrcret,

rou S' e' e dvyarepa Tlpiafjbos, TToAAa? Se /cat aAAa? •r^S" Se Sva> yev6[J,€oda, av S* a/u<£a> Sei/)oro^crets>.• rot TOV TTpajrotcrt ûerd TrpvXeeaai Sdpacrcras, 90avtiQtov noAuSajpov, e?ret fidXes dê't Sou/orvw Se S-^ €vddS' €fj,ol KCLKOV eacreraf ow yd/) d'tcoo-d? pêtpa? (frevêadai, eTret p ' €7reXaacre ye SciAAo Se TOI zpeu), av S' evt fypeal jSaAAeofj,ij /AC /cretj/', e?ret ou^; oôyaoT/oio?1 "E/cropd? et/xt, 956'? rot Iraipov e7T€<j)i>ev evrjea re Kparepov re."

nQ? apa jUtv ITpiajLtoto TrpoayvSa ât'Stôs1 uto?Atcro'd/zei'os' eTreecrow, cijLtetAtKrov S' 6V a/coucre*

ju.7^ jitot OLTTOLva 7Ti(f)avcrK6o /A^S' aydpeue •yap ITaTpOAcAov eTTtcTTretv dicrifjiov rj/jiap, 100

TO(f)pa TL poi 7re<£tSe'o-$ai evt ^pecrt <^tArepoj^ êj^Tpa>a)v, /cat TroAAou? £,a>ov$ e\ov T^Se rrepaaaa'vvv S' oz5«: e'ff^* 6'? rt? Gdvarov <f>vyrjt ov /ce êd? ye

1 6/jLoydffrpios :414

THE ILIAD, XXL 75-103

nurtured of Zeus, am I even as a sacred suppliant,for at thy table first did I eat of the grain of Demeteron the day when thou didst take me captive in thewell-ordered orchard, and didst lead me afar fromfather and from friends, and sell me into sacredLemnos ; and I fetched thee the price of an hundredoxen. Lo, now have I bought my freedom bypaying thrice as much, and this is my twelfth mornsince I came to Ilios, after many sufferings ; and nowagain has deadly fate put me in thy hands ; surelyit must be that I am hated of father Zeus, seeinghe hath given me unto thee again ; and to a briefspan of life did my mother bear me, even Laothoe,daughter of the old man Altes,—Altes that is lord overthe war-loving Leleges, holding steep Pedasus onthe Satnioeis. His daughter Priam had to wife, andtherewithal many another, and of her we twain wereborn, and thou wilt butcher us both. Him thoudidst lay low amid the foremost foot-men, evengodlike Polydorus, when thou hadst smitten him witha cast of thy sharp spear, and now even here shall evilcome upon me; for I deem not that I shall escape thyhands, seeing a god hath brought me nigh thee.Yet another thing will I tell thee, and do thou layit to heart: slay me not; since I am not sprung fromthe same womb as Hector, who slew thy comradethe kindly and valiant."

So spake to him the glorious son of Priam withwords of entreaty, but all ungentle was the voice heheard : " Fool, tender not ransom to me, neithermake harangue. Until Patroclus met his day of fate,even till then was it more pleasing to me to spare theTrojans, and full many I took alive and sold oversea ;but now is there not one that shall escape death,

415

HOMER

lAtou rrportapoiQev efjLrjs l/cat Travroiv Tpcoajy, TTf.pi 8' au riptapxHo ye Trat'Scov. 105dAAd, <f)i\os, Odve /cat, av~ ri r} dAo</>upeai ovrws ',Ka.r6o.ve /cat TldrpoKXos, o Trep cre'o rroXXov djU,etVa>v.ov% opdqs olos /cat eycb /caAo? Te jaeya? re;•n-arpos 8* et/x' ayaôto, êa, 8e ju,e yetvaro jLt^TTjp'dAA' €7rt rot /cat e/iot ddvaros /cat /xotpa /cparat^. 110eacrerat ^ Tjcos1 ^ SetA^ ^ /uiecrov ^pap,OTTTTore TI? /cat e/ueto "Apr; e/c QVJJ.OV eAr^rat,• o ye 8ou/3t jSaAwv ^ CXTTO vevpfjfav 6'Ccrra)."

"Q? (f}dro}Tov §' aurou AUTO yo wara /cat <{>iXov rjrop •' dêTj/cev, o 8' eêro êr/ae Trerdaaas 115'A^tAeu? 8e epvacrdfjievos £i<f>os o£u

Kara /cA^tSa Trap* av%eva, rrav 8e ot etact)8u £i(f>os ap,(f>r)K€S' o 8* apa Trpyvrjs em ya-ir)Kelro radeis, e/c S' af//,a jiieAav pee, Seue 8e yatav.TOV 8' 'A^tAeu? TrorajMovSe Aa^ScbvTroSos'^/ce (frepecrdai, 120icat ot evreu^dp.evos' eVea rrrepoevr' dyopevev

vOot vvv /cetcro p:er' fydvcrLv, ot cr' wreiXrjVAt^Tô-o^Tat d/CTjSees' ouSe ere fjurjrrjpAeêeacrt yoTJcrerat, dAAa S/cd//,av8pos'

ot'cret Stvrjets1 et'aco dAo? eupe'a /cdATrov. 1256pu)OKO)v rt? /card /cu/xa peXaivav <j)p^XfyOvs, 05 K€ (frdyyaL A.VKaovos dpyera^»êtpecr0', et? o Kiev acrru /ct%etoju,ev 'lAtouUjLtets1 juei/ êuyovrey, eya> 8' OTTiQev /cepat^cov.01)8* upitj' TTorajU-ds1 Trep evppoos dpyupoSivrj?1 130dp/ce'aet, <S 817 817^0, TroAeas tepeuere ravpovs,

1 Lines 130-135 were rejected by Aristophanes andperhaps by Aristarchus.

1 Or we may, with Monro, assume that dxTjSês hasspecial reference to the absence of mourning rites.416

THE ILIAD, XXL 104-131

whomsoever before the walls of Ilios God shall deliverinto my hands—aye, not one among all the Trojans,and least of all among the sons of Priam. Nay,friend, do.thou too die ; why lamentest thou thus ?Patroclus also died, who was better far than thou.And seest thou not what manner of man am I, howcomely and how tall ? A good man was my father,and a goddess the mother that bare me ; yet over metoo hang death and mighty fate. There shall comea dawn or eve or mid-day, when my life too shallsome man take in battle, whether he smite me withcast of the spear, or with an arrow from the string."

So spake he, and the other's knees were loosenedwhere he was and his heart was melted. The spearhe let go, but crouched with both hands outstretched.But Achilles drew his sharp sword and smote himupon the collar-bone beside the neck, and all thetwo-edged sword sank in ; and prone upon the earthhe lay outstretched, and the dark blood flowed forthand wetted the ground. Him then Achilles seizedby the foot and flung into the river to go his way,and vaunting over him he spake winged words :

" Lie there now among the fishes that shall lickthe blood from thy wound, nor reck aught of thee,1neither shall thy mother lay thee on a bier and makelament ; nay, eddying Scamander shall bear theeinto the broad gulf of the sea. Many a fish as heleapeth amid the waves, shall dart up beneath theblack ripple to eat the white fat of Lycaon. Soperish ye, till we be come to the city of sacred Ilios,ye in flight, and I making havoc in your rear. Noteven the fair-flowing river with his silver eddies shallaught avail you, albeit to him, I ween, ye have longtime been wont to sacrifice bulls full many, and to

VOL. ii 2 E 417

HOMER

£,OJQVS 8' ev Siv^cri Ka9Ure ^divvâs ITTTTOU?.dXXa Kai a>s oXeeaOe KO.KOV /j,6pov, els o K€Turere YlarpoKXoio (f)6vov Kai Aoiyovou? eTu VT]t»at dofjaw €7T€(j)i>er€ voafav ejaeio." 135

nfl? a/o' e^>T7, TTora/zos1 Se %oXibcraTO Krjpodi /zaAAo^,opiArjvev 8' dâ Qvôv OTTIDS iravaeie Trovoio1

8lov 'A^tAATja, Tpcaecrcrt Se Aotyot' dAaA/coi.TO(f)pa 8e nÂeo? fio? e^cov SoAtôcr/fiov eyô?"AarepOTraux) eTraAro KaraKrajJievai jLteveatvcov, 140i»iet nÂeyovos" rov 8' 'Altos' evpvpeeOposyei'varo /<at ITepi'ôia, 'AKeacraîet'oto Bvyarpatv

• rfj yap pa (Jiiyr) Troraôs /3adv§Lvr]$.? 67TOpOVO€V, 6 jS' aVTlO? 6/f TTOTafJiOlo

8vo 8ovpe- /LteVo? Se ot ev (f>peal drJKe 145Sai'ô?, eVei KeôAa>TO SatKTayuevcovTOVS 'A^tAeus e'Scti' e /cara poov ovS'ol 8' ore ST^ crêSoy âaj/ eV cxAAÂoio'ti'TOJ> TrpoTepos rrpoaeeiTre TToSdpKrjs Sio? '" ri? TToOev ei? dvSpaiv, o /êt» eVA^s1 ai/Tto? eXdelv ; 1508yaT7]vajv Se re muSe? e/>ta> /zevet

Tov 8' aw IlTjAeyovos' Trpocre^djvee" nÂetS^ /xeyaû/xe, rt 77 yev€ir]vei/x' e'/c Hatov't^S' epL^d)Xov, rrjXod* eovairjs,Hat'ova? avbpas aycov SoAtêyêa?* 'Se Se /zot î7j/ 155•)ya>? crSe/cany, ore "lAiov etATjAouâ.avrap €fj.ol yeve1^ e^ 'Aîou eupu pzovros,'A£iou, os KaAAtcrrov y'Sajp eTTt yatav

1 TTOÔiO : (j)6l>OlO.

* Line 158 is omitted in the best MSS.418


cast single-hooved horses while yet they lived,1 intohis eddies. Howbeit even so shall ye perish by anevil fate, till ye have all paid the price for the slayingof Patroclus and for the woe of the Achaeans, whomby the swift ships ye slew while I tarried afar."

So spake he, and the river waxed the more wrothat heart, and pondered in mind how he should staygoodly Achilles from his labour and ward off ruinfrom the Trojans. Meanwhile the son of Peleusbearing his far-shadowing spear leapt, eager to slayhim, upon Asteropaeus, son of Pelegon, that wasbegotten of wide-flowing Axius and Periboea, eldestof the daughters of Acessamenus ; for with her laythe deep-eddying River. Upon him rushed Achilles,and Asteropaeus stood forth from the river to facehim, holding two spears ; and courage was set inhis heart by Xanthus, being wroth because of theyouths slain in battle, of whom Achilles was makinghavoc along the stream and had no pity. But whenthey were come near, as they advanced one againstthe other, then first unto Asteropaeus spake swift-footed, goodly Achilles : " Who among men artthou, and from whence, that thou darest come forthagainst me ? Unhappy are they whose childrenface my might."

Then spake unto him the glorious son of Pelegon :" Great-souled son of Peleus, wherefore enquirestthou of my lineage ? I come from deep-soiledPaeonia, a land afar, leading the Paeonians with theirlong spears, and this is now my eleventh morn, sinceI came to Ilios. But my lineage is from wide-flowingAxius—Axius, the water whereof flows the fairest

1 This is meant perhaps to stamp the custom as barbaric,but see Paus. viii. 7. 2, with Frazer's note.

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o? re/ce nÂeyom K\vrov eyê'i' rov S ejLce <âcrtyeivaadai,- vvv avre /mâj/zefla, </>auH/u.' 'AîAAeu." 160

"£}? âr' a.TretA^cras', o 8' aveoêro Sto? 'Sa jjieXirjV 6 8' dâpTf) Sovpcuaiv'AcrrepoTrcuos, eTrel TrepiSe^to? Tjev.

/cat p' erepa) juev Soupt aa/cos1 ^SaAev, ouSeera/cos" "xpvoos yap epvKaxe, BaJpa deolo- 165' ere pa) pw Trrf^vv eTriypdflS'rjv /3aAe êtpo?

, crwro 8' a£/m /ceAatveê? • 7y 8' uvrep auroui?; evearrjpLKTo, AtAato/xevTj XP°°S

8ei;Tepo? aur' 'A^tAev? jU-eAt^'AorrepoTratCL) efifJKe /cara/crayMevai fAeveaivcov 170/cat TOU /xev p' afidpaprev, 6 81 viffrjXrjv fidXev o

es1 8' ap' edr]K€ /car'8' aop o^-u epvarad/jievos Trapa fj,r]pov

dAr' em ot îe/Aac6s" o 8' apa /AeAt^v 'AîAôs1

ou 8war' e/c KprjfivoLO epvaacu %etpt -na-êiri. 175rpis />teV />tt^ TreAejU.têt' ipvoaaadai [Jieveaivaiv ,rpls Se p,€dr}r<€ files' TO 8e rerparov ydeXe 9vfj,a)dâi emyvdfjujjas Sopy fieiXivov Ata/ct8ao,dAAa e Trpiv 'AîAej)? crêSov aopt Ovpov arr-qvpa.yaarepa yap fj.iv rvifse trap* o/xâAov, ex: 8' apa Tracrat 180yyvro "xenial ôAaSe?- rw Se CTKOTOS- ocrcre KaXvtpevdo-6fj,aivovr' ' 'A%iXevs S' ap' et't crrrjOeaaiv opovaasrevved T' eêvapiê /cat euô^tev'os' eTro? rjv8a'" icetcr' ouTCDS" âAeTrot' rot epiadeveos Kpovicovos"

e'piê'/xevat Trora/zoid ?rep e/cyeyacort. 185

1 nea-ffOTrayts : /ieffiroTraX^s Aristarchus.

420


over the face of the earth—who begat Pelegon famedfor his spear, and he, men say, was my father. Nowlet us do battle, glorious Achilles."

So spake he threatening, but goodly Achillesraised on high the spear of Pelian ash; howbeit thewarrior Asteropaeus hurled with both spears at once,for he was one that could use both hands alike. Withthe one spear he smote the shield, but it brakenot through, for the gold stayed it, the gift of thegod ; and with the other he smote the right fore-arm of Achilles a grazing blow, and the black bloodgushed forth; but the spear-point passed abovehim and fixed itself in the earth, fain to glut itselfwith flesh. Then Achilles in his turn hurled atAsteropaeus his straight-flying spear of ash, eager toslay him, but missed the man and struck the highbank, and up to half its length he fixed in the bankthe spear of ash. But the son of Peleus, drawing hissharp sword from beside his thigh, leapt upon himfuriously, and the other availed not to draw in hisstout hand the ashen spear of Achilles forth from outthe bank. Thrice he made it quiver in his eagernessto draw it, and thrice he gave up his effort; but thefourth time his heart was fain to bend and break theashen spear of the son of Aeacus ; howbeit ere thatmight be Achilles drew nigh and robbed him of lifewith his sword. In the belly he smote him besidethe navel, and forth upon the ground gushed all hisbowels, and darkness enfolded his eyes as he laygasping. And Achilles leapt upon his breast anddespoiled him of his arms, and exulted saying :" Lie as thou art ! Hard is it to strive with thechildren of the mighty son of Cronos, albeit for onebegotten of a River. Thou verily declarest that thy

421

HOMER

<f>fjada ait p€V TTorafJiov yevos epfjievai €vpv peovros,avrap eyoj yeverjv fj,eydXov Ato? evôaai elvai.TLKT6 p/ dvrjp TroAAoicrif dvaaawv M.vp{jii86vecrcri,TlrjXevs At'a/ci'S^s" o S' ap' Ata/cos e/c Ato? rjev,rcD Kpeicraaiv pev Zev? Trora/za)^ aXi(j,vpv]€VTa)v , 190Kpeiaaatv avre Aio? yeverj TTora/j,olo rervKrai.KCU yap aol rroraôs ye irdpa /êya?, et Swarat rt

(zAA' ou/c ear6 AitTO o u e Kpea>vouSe fiaQvppeiTao /zeya adevos 'Q/ceavoto,1 195e^- o£ 7re/3 Trdvres TTorafMol Kal vracra OdXacraaKctl TTaaai Kprjvai Kal </>peiara. [j,aKpd vdovaivaAAd /cat 6V Set'Sot/ce Ato? fteyaAoto xepavvov

re ^povrrfv, 6V avr' ovpavodev a[Mapay>ja"r) ."H /oa, /cat e/c Kpr}[j,vo'io epucrcraro âA/ceov e'yô?, 200

rot' Se /car' avrodi Xelrrev, eTret <j)iXov rjrop a.7rr]vpa,K€L/J,€VOV ev ifiafjiddoLai,, Statve 8e ^ttv peXav u'Scop.rov ji/.ei' ap' eyêXves TC /cat l^Qve? dfj,<j)€7TevoVTO,8rj/jiov epGTTTOfievoi, eTnvc^piSiov Kcipovres'avrap 6 j3ij p" tevat jU-era, riatovas1 iTnroKopvards, 205OL py ert Trap nora/mov TreffjoftijaTOJ)S el8ov rov apiarov evi Kparepfjêpa' VTTO nÂet'Sao /cat aopt t^»teV$' e'Ae ©epcrtAoôv re MyScoâ re ! ' A.arvrrvX6v reM.vrjaov re Qpaaiov re Kal AtVtov TyS' 'OêAecrT^v 210/cat vt> /c' ert TrXeovas Krdve Hatova? d)Kv$ 'A^tAAeu?,et /XT) âxja/zevo? Ttpocre^ Troraô? /3a6v8ivr]s,dvepi elcrdfJievos , fiaderjs 8' eK^deyâro Sivrjs'" d) 'A^tAeu, Trepi p:ev /cpareets1, Trept 8' atcruAa peêtsdvSpcov atet yap rot dfjivvovaiv deal avroL 215

1 Line 195 was omitted by Zeuodotus,422


birth is from the wide-flowing River, whereas I avowme to be of the lineage of great Zeus. The fatherthat begat me is one that is lord among the manyMyrmidons, even Peleus, son of Aeacus ; and Aeacuswas begotten of Zeus. Wherefore as Zeus ismightier than rivers that murmur seaward, somightier too is the seed of Zeus than the seed of ariver. For lo, hard beside thee is a great River, ifso be he can avail thee aught; but it may not bethat one should fight with Zeus the son of Cronos.With him doth not even king Achelous vie, nor thegreat might of deep-flowing Ocean, from whom allrivers flow and every sea, and all the springs anddeep wells ; howbeit even he hath fear of thelightning of great Zeus, and his dread thunder,whenso it crasheth from heaven."

He spake, and drew forth from the bank his spearof bronze, and left Asteropaeus where he was, whenhe had robbed him of his life, lying in the sands;and the dark water wetted him. With him then theeels and fishes dealt, plucking and tearing the fatabout his kidneys ; but Achilles went his way afterthe Paeonians, lords of chariots, who were stillhuddled in rout along the eddying river, when theysaw their best man mightily vanquished in the fierceconflict beneath the hands and sword of the son ofPeleus. There slew he Thersilochus and Mydon andAstypylus and Mnesus and Thrasius and Aenius andOphelestes ; and yet more of the Paeonians wouldswift Achilles have slain, had not the deep-eddyingRiver waxed wroth and called to him in the semblanceof a man, sending forth a voice from out the deepeddy: " 0 Achilles, beyond men art thou in might, andbeyond men doest deeds of evil; for ever do the very

423

HOMER

ei rot TpaJas e'Sco/ce Kpovou Trat? Trdvras oAecrom,e'f eêOev y' eAaaa?1 ireoiov /cdVa fjiepêpa p'e'£e*TrXijOei yap 877 |iioi veKVcov epareivd peedpa,ovoe TI 7117 8tW//,at Trpoê'etv p'oov et? a'Aa Stai/areivofjievos veKveaai, av 8e /cretVets1 cxt'SÂa)?. 220aAA' aye 8^ /cat eaaov cLyrj p? ^X€t> °PXalJi€

Tov 8' anajieiojievos Troaer TroSa?

" earai ravra, S/ca^tav8pe SiorpeêV, a>? crt"TpcDa? 8' ov Trpiv ATÔ) UTrep^taAows' ev

e'Acrat Kara aaru /cat "E/cropt Treiprjdfjvcu, 225Kev (j,€ Sa/iacraeTai, ^ /cei^ eycb TO^."

Tpcoecrcrtv eTrecravTo Saifjiovi tcros"/cat TOT' 'ATToAAcoiâ TrpOCTe^Tj TTOTa^to? j3adv8ivr]S'" co 7TO77ot, apyvporoê, Atos" reKos, ov av ye fiovXasclpvoao Kpoviwvos, o rot ptaAa TroAA' evreTeAAe 230Tptocrt TTapcardêvai, /cat dfjivvew, €is o KCV eXdrjSeteAos1 oi/re Sua>j>, cr/ctcxcri? §' epifiioXov dpovpav."

*H, /cat 'A^tAAeus1 /xev Soupt/cAuro? eV0ope /êorcra)Kprjfjivov aTrat' as" o S' eTTecrauTO ot'S/zart dvcov,Trdvra S' optve peedpa KVKWfJLtvos, cove Se veKpovs 235TroAAovs", ot pa /COT' auTov a'Ats eaav, ovs

TOU? e/c^8aAAe dvpaê, jj.efji.VKOJS rjvre ravpos,êpcrovSe- â>ou$' Se craco /caTa /caAa peed pa,Kpvrrrcov ev Sivflcn Padei-flow /zeyaA?jcri.Setvoi/ S' d/x<£' 'A^tA-â KVKcoêvov lararo KVÔ,, 240

poos' ovSe Trooeaaiv

424


gods give thee aid. If so be the son of Cronos hathgranted thee to slay all the men of Troy, forth out ofmy stream at least do thou drive them, and work thydireful work on the plain. Lo, full are my lovelystreams with dead men, nor can I anywise avail topour my waters forth into the bright sea, beingchoked with dead, while thou ever slayest ruthlessly.Nay, come, let be ; amazement holds me, thou leaderof hosts."

Then swift-footed Achilles answered him, saying :" Thus shall it be, Scamander, nurtured of Zeus,even as thou biddest. Howbeit the proud Trojanswill I not cease to slay until I have pent them intheir city, and have made trial of Hector, man toman, whether he shall slay me or I him."

So saying he leapt upon the Trojans like a god.Then unto Apollo spake the deep-eddying River :" Out upon it, thou lord of the silver bow, child ofZeus, thou verily hast not kept the commandmentof the son of Cronos, who straitly charged thee tostand by the side of the Trojans and to succour them,until the late-setting star of even shall have comeforth and darkened the deep-soiled earth."

He spake, and Achilles, famed for his spear, sprangfrom the bank and leapt into his midst; but theRiver rushed upon him with surging flood, and rousedall his streams tumultuously, and swept along the manydead that lay thick within his bed, slain by Achilles ;these he cast forth to the land, bellowing the whilelike a bull, and the living he saved under his fairstreams, hiding them in eddies deep and wide. Interrible wise about Achilles towered the tumultuouswave, and the stream as it beat upon his shieldthrust him backward, nor might he avail to stand

425

HOMER

efê crrr)pi£acr9ai, 6 oe TfreXeiqv e'Aeeixfivea p,eydArjv 1? 8' e/c pêajv epirrovaaKprjpvov arravra oLUjaev, eVe'crê Se KaXa peeOpaot,oiaiv nvKivolai, ye<ûpo>crev Se' [iw avrov 245euro) Traa' epiTTOvd1 • 6 8' d'/o' e/c $Lvr)sl dvopovaasri'iêv rreSi'oio TTOCTI Kpanrvotcn 7T&rea9ai,Setcra?. ouSe T' e'A^ye êoj /txeyay, cSpro S' CTT' aura)a/cpoft-eAatj/iotov, tra //,ti^ Travaeie TTOVOIO?Stoi/ 'A^tAA-iya, Tpcoecrcrt Se Aotyov aAaA/cot. 250nÂefSTjs' 8' oiTTopovaev oaov r' e?rt Soypos1 epwrj,aterou ot/zar' e^cuv [jieXavos, TOV dyprjT-rjpos,os 6' a/.ia KapTicrros re /cat a>Kiaros Trererjvcov 'TO) €LK(l>s rjiêv, CTTL aTTJOeaai Se âA/cos"

Kovdf$i,t,€v • V7rai6a Se roto Xiaadeis 255' , 6 8' omaQe peojv errero JLteyaAa) opufcaySaj.

8' 6V a^p oêr^yo? aTro Kprjvrjs fj,€Xavv8pov>vra Kal KTJTTOVS v'Sart />oov

TOV [lev re vrpopeovros VTTO ijrjoes airaaai 260oÂewrat • TO 8e T' tS/ca /caretySoêvov KeXapv/êi%a)pq) eVt rrpoaXet, (frddvzi Se re /cat TOV ayovra,'ws atet 'AîAâ /ct^^craTO /cu/xa pooioKal Xanfjrjpov eovra- 6eol Se Te (freprepoi dvopa>v.ocro-a/ct 8' op/jur/veie TroSap/c^? Sto? 'A^tAAey? 265arr}va(, €va.vrlf$iov /cat yi/ai/u,evat et jiitv arravresdddvaroi ô^Seouat, Tot oupavov zvpvv eôwcrt,roaaa/ct jaii' jae'ya Kvfj,a ourrereos norap-olorr\dt^ a>p,ovs Kadvrrepdev • 6 S' vifjoae TTOCJO-IV eTT^Sa6v[Ma> avidôjv Trora(j,os 8' VTTO yowaT* eSa/xva 270

Aristarchus:: (pdvoio Aristophanes.

426


firm upon his feet. Then grasped he an elm, shapelyand tall, but it fell uprooted and tore away all thebank, and stretched over the fair streams with itsthick branches, and dammed the River himself, fallingall within him ; but Achilles, springing forth fromthe eddy, hasted to fly with swift feet over the plain,for he was seized with fear. Howbeit the great godceased not, but rushed upon him with dark-crestedwave, that he might stay goodly Achilles from hislabour, and ward off ruin from the Trojans. But theson of Peleus rushed back as far as a spear-cast withthe swoop of a black eagle, the mighty hunter,that is alike the strongest and swiftest of wingedthings ; like him he darted, and upon his breast thebronze rang terribly, while he swerved from beneaththe flood and fled ever onward, and the Riverfollowed after, flowing with a mighty roar. As whena man that guideth its flow leadeth from a duskyspring a stream of water amid his plants and garden-plots, a mattock in his hands, and cleareth away thedams from the channel—and as it floweth all thepebbles beneath are swept along therewith, and itglideth swiftly onward with murmuring sound downa sloping place and outstrippeth even him thatguideth it;—even thus did the flood of the Riverever overtake Achilles for all he was fleet of foot; forthe gods are mightier than men. And oft as swift-footed, goodly Achilles strove to make stand againsthim and to learn if all the immortals that hold broadheaven were driving him in rout, so often would thegreat flood of the heaven-fed River beat upon hisshoulders from above ; and he .would spring on highwith his feet in vexation of spirit, and the River wasever tiring his knees with its violent flow beneath,

427

HOMER

Xdfipos imaiQa, petov, Kovif]V 8' vTrepenre TTOOOUV.H.rjXeiS'Tjs o' a>fjicoêv lod>v els ovpavov evpvv

Zeu Trdrep, cos ov ris fJ>€ 0ea>v eXeeivov vZK TroTCLfJLolo craoxjai' eTretra Se /cat rtaAAoy §' ov TLS i~ioi roaov alrtos Ovpavicbvcov, 275aAAa (J)L\TI pr/Typ, TJ jiie tfjevbecrcrLV erj ^ €(j)aro Tpwcov VTTO reiê'CXaiifjripols oXeeaOai 'ATroAAcoj/o?aj$ IA ofaX "E/crcu/) Krelvan, o? evQa&e y*

apiaros•TOJ K' dyados fj,ev eVe^v', dyadov 8e Kev eêvdpiê' 280vvv Se /me AeuyaAea) Oa.vd.ra) ei/Jbapro dXcovaiepftdevr' ev [jieydXco TroTa-fio), ais; TraiSa avfopfiov,ov pd r* evavXos dnoeparj Î

*£ls 0aro, ra> §e /zaA' COKO, IlocretSacoveyyvs tovre, Seâs S' avSpzacriv eiKrrjv, 285

Se X€^Pa Xa/36vres emarataavr' CTreecrai.rolai Se fj,vda)i> tfpX€ T[oa6i8da>v evoCTt^cov

^, JU,T^T' ap rt Ai'?^ rpee /x^Te TI rdp/3ei'ydp TOL vw'i 6ewv emrappoda) elfjuev,

eTTaivrjaavTos, eya> /ecu IlaAAa? 'Adrjvrj-1 290w? ov rot TTorapa) ye Sa/xêiât aiaifjuov eariv,dAA' 6'Se yttei' rcxâ Xco(f)r)aet,} ov Se etcreai auro?'

TOL TTVKLV&S VTTo9r]a6fjL€d^, at /C€ TTldrjCLf

Trplv Traveiv -fctipas OJULOLLOV 7roAe/z.oco,

Kara 'lAtcsi^t /cAfra retpêa Aaov ee'Acrat £95Tpa»i'«:ov, o? /ce (pvyrjoi. av 8' "E/cropt 6vfj,6v d.7rovpasaifj €7rl vfjas Lfjiev 8i8ofj,€V Se rot evx°s dpecrdcu."



and was snatching away the ground from under hisfeet. Then the son of Peleus uttered a bitter cry,with a look at the broad heaven : " Father Zeus,how is it that no one of the gods taketh it uponhim in my pitiless plight to save me from out theRiver ! thereafter let come upon me what may.None other of the heavenly gods do I blame so much,but only my dear mother, that beguiled me withfalse words, saying that beneath the wall of themail-clad Trojans I should perish by the swiftmissiles of Apollo. Would that Hector had slainme, the best of the men bred here ; then had abrave man been the slayer, and a brave man had heslain. But now by a miserable death was it appointedme to be cut off, pent in the great river, like a swine-herd boy whom a torrent sweepeth away as hemaketh essay to cross it in winter."

So spake he, and forthwith Poseidon and PallasAthene drew nigh and stood by his side, beinglikened in form to mortal men, and they clasped hishand in theirs and pledged him in words. Andamong them Poseidon, the Shaker of Earth, wasfirst to speak: " Son of Peleus, tremble not thou over-much, neither be anywise afraid, such helpers twainare we from the gods—and Zeus approveth thereof•—even I and Pallas Athene. Therefore is it not thydoom to be vanquished by a river; nay, he shall soongive respite, and thou of thyself shalt know it. Butwe will give thee wise counsel, if so be thou wilthearken. Make not thine hands to cease from evilbattle until within the famed walls of Ilios thou hastpent the Trojan host, whosoever escapeth. But forthyself, when thou hast bereft Hector of life, come thouback to the ships ; lo, we grant thee to win glory."

429

HOMER

T \ \ v » « » / > 5/1 / >a> pev ap co? enrovre per avavarovs aT

avrap 6 firj, /zeya yap pa Qe&v orpvvev €(f)€T[j,r],

es Trebiov TO Se TT&V TrAr^' w'Saro? eVû/x,eVoto, 300TroAAa Se reirêa /caAa Sat/cra/xevcoj^TrXatov Kdl V6KV6S' Tov 8* vi/Joae yowar'TT/DO? pooj/ cxtacrovro? av' tWv, oi)Se /uveupu pea>v TTorcLfjiOS ' jtte'ya yap aQevos e/x^SaouSe îKdfji,av8pos e'A^ye TO oi' fjievos, aAA' en //.aAAov 305

Ili]Aetajvt, Kopvaae Se KVfj,a pooio

aetpoftej/os1, St/Aoevrt Se /ce/cAer' ducra?'K.aaiyvt)T€., aQevos avepos aôrepot irep, eVei raâ acrrf /u,eya flptaôto avaKTos

€K7T€pO6L, TpO)€S §€ KTaTO. p6doV- 0V ^VeOVOlV . 310

aAA' eVra/iwe ra^tcrra, /<ai epTTLTrXrjOt, peeOpa

v8aros e/c Tr^ye'cDV, irdvTas S' opoQvvov evavXovs,larr) Se /.le'ya KVfia, TTO\VV S' opu/mySov opive(f>trpa)v /cat Aaa>v, iva iravaoêv aypiov av8pa,o? 817 vw /cpare'et, p€fj,ov€V S' o ye iaa deoicrt. 315</>77/xt yap oure ^StTyv x/oatcrpiTycre/zei' cure rt etSoj,owre TO. T€irêa KaAa, ra TTOU p;aAa veiodi

ifjafJiddoicnv aXis ê'paSo?pvpiov, ouSe ot ocrre" emaTrjaovTai, 'Aâiot 320aAAeâf rocrcrrjv ot acrti' KadvirepOeavrov ot /cat crijfjia Tereuêrat, oySe' rt

ecrrat rvoors, oreTH, /cat

4-30

THE ILIAD, XXI. 298-324-

When the twain had thus spoken, they departedto the immortals, but he went on toward the plain,for mightily did the bidding of the gods arousehim ; and the whole plain was filled with a flood ofwater, and many goodly arms and corpses of youthsslain in battle were floating there. But on highleapt his knees, as he rushed straight on against theflood, nor might the wide-flowing River stay him ;for Athene put in him great strength. Nor yetwould Scamander abate his fury, but was evenmore wroth against the son of Peleus, and raisinghimself on high .he made the surge of his floodinto a crest, and he called with a shout to Simoi's :" Dear brother, the might of this man let us stay,though it need the two of us, seeing presently hewill lay waste the great city of king Priam, neitherwill the Trojans abide him in battle. Nay, bear thouaid with speed, and fill thy streams with water fromthy springs, and arouse all thy torrents ; raise thoua great wave, and stir thou a mighty din of tree-trunks and stones, that we may check this fierceman that now prevaileth, and is minded to vie evenwith the gods. For I deem that his strength shallnaught avail him, neither anywise his comeliness,nor yet that goodly armour, which, I ween, deepbeneath the mere shall lie covered over with slime ;and himself will I enwrap in sands and shed overhim great store of shingle past all measuring; norshall the Achaeans know where to gather his bones,with such a depth of silt shall I enshroud him. Evenhere shall be his sepulchre, nor shall he have needof a heaped-up mound, when the Achaeans make hisfuneral."

He spake, and rushed tumultuously upon Achilles,

431

HOMER

fj.opfJ,vpa)V d(f)pa) re Kal atjuart Kal veKvecrcn. 3257Top(f>vpeov S' apa /oyza SttTrereos Trora/zototcrrar' detpo/uei>ov, Kara 8' ?7Pe6 IlryAeiajj'a'

Se /-ley' ai/cre TreptSSeto-acr'/x,tv aTToepcreif fJieyas Ttoraôs

S' f/H</>aio-Tov TTpoaeficoveev, 6V (friXov vlov 330" opaeo, KuXXoTTo^Lov, e/zov TZKOS • avra aeOev yap"Edvdov Stvêi^ra fJ>dx?j ^'icr/co/xevdAA' €Trdfj,vv€ Ta^tcrra, mfiavcrKeoavrap eya> Zefivpoio Kal dpyecrrdo Norotoei'cro/xat e' aAo$ev âXerrrjv opaovaa dveXAav, 33577 Key a?7o Tpa)O)v K€(f>aXds Kal revêa Kijai,

KaKov (popeovcra,' av Se Savôto Trap' o%das/cat', eV §' avToy tet Trvpi' /iT^Se ere Trd^Trav

erreeamv aTTorpeTTera) Kal dpeifj-Ttplv aTTOTraue reov fj,€Vos, aAA' OTTOT' av ST) 340

eya)V Idôvaa, rore ayzlv aKaîarov Trvp."' , "H^cucrro? Se TirvaKero êcrTTtSaes- rrup.

[j,€V €V TTeStaj Trup Saiero, Kale Se veKpovsot pa /car' aurov aAi? ecrav, ou?

av S' e^rjpdvOrj ireSiov, ayzro S* ayAaov v&cop. 345a»? 8' 6V orrajpivos ISoperjs veoapSe' dali/j dy^ripdvrj- xalpei Se jj.iv os rts e

6 S' e? TTorafJiov rpei/te (pXoya Traîd>av6iaaav .Kaiovro vrreAeai re /cat treat i^Se [MvplKaL, 350/cat'ero Se AajTo? Te t'Se dpvov i^Se KVTT€ipov,TO. irepl KaXd peed pa d'At? Trora/xoto 7T€^>vK€i'

ey re /cat l)(dves ot /cara StVa?,

1 A reference to the pairing of the gods in xx. 73 f.432


raging on high and seething with foam and bloodand dead men. And the dark flood of the heaven-fed River rose towering above him, and was at pointto overwhelm the son of Peleus. But Hera calledaloud, seized with fear for Achilles, lest the greatdeep-eddying River should sweep him away. Andforthwith she spake unto Hephaestus, her dear son :" Rouse thee, Crook-foot, my child ! for it was againstthee that we deemed eddying Xanthus to be matchedin fight.1 Nay, bear thou aid with speed, and putforth thy flames unstintedly. But I will hasten androuse from the sea a fierce blast of the West Windand the white South, that shall utterly consume thedead Trojans and their battle gear, ever driving onthe evil flame ; and do thou along the banks ofXanthus burn up his trees, and beset him aboutwith fire, nor let him anywise turn thee back withsoft words or with threatenings ; neither stay thouthy fury, save only when I call to thee with a shout;then do thou stay thy unwearied fire."

So spake she, and Hephaestus made ready won-drous-blazing fire. First on the plain was the firekindled, and burned the dead, the many dead thatlay thick therein, slain by Achilles ; and all the plainwas parched, and the bright water was stayed. Andas when in harvest-time the North Wind quicklyparcheth again a freshly-watered orchard, and gladis he that tilleth it ; so was the whole plain parched,and the dead he utterly consumed ; and then againstthe River he turned his gleaming flame. Burnedwere the elms and the willows and the tamarisks,burned the lotus and the rushes and the galingale, thatround the fair streams of the river grew abundantly ;tormented were the eels and the fishes in the eddies,

VOL. II 2 F 433

HOMER

ot Kara KaXa peedpa Kvfiiarajv ev6a KOI ev6a

rrvoifj retp6fj,€VOL TroXvprjTios 'HtâtcrToto. 355

KaUro 8' Is Trora/xoto CTTOS T' eâr' e/c T* ov6/j,aE,€v •

" "Hâtcrr', ov rt? crot ye êcov Swar' cu>Ti</>e/K'£eii>,ouS' av eya> crot y' cSSe Trvpl fiXeyedov

A^y' epiSos, Tpcoa? 8e Kat ayrt/ca Sto? '

aorreos eêXdaeie' rt ^toi eptSos1 /cat apcoy^?; " 3COOi^ 7rupt /caidjLtevo?, ctva S' e(f>Xve KaXa peedpa.

co? Se Xefiys t,ec evSov eTreiyofjievos Trvpl 77oAAa>,K.vlof]v neXôêvos ctTraAoryoeêo? crtaAoto,TrdvToOev a/i^SoAaS^v, UTTO Se ûAa K<iyKa.va /cetrai,

co? roy /caAa p€€0pa Trvpl (jiAeyero, êe 8' v8a>p- 365ouS' edeXe Trpopetiv, aAA' tcrêro' reipe 8' avrfjurj

'Hc/iaicrroto fjirjî TroXv<f)povo$. avrap o y' "

TToAAd XicroofjLevos evrea Trrepoevra Trpo(rr)v8a'

" "Hpy, TiTTTe aos vlos e/xov poov eôae /c^Seiv>> )/\ N > / 5 \ / >/ / >ef aAAcov; of /zev rot eyai roaov atno? et/xt,

ocraov ot ci'AAot TrdvTes, ocrot Tpcoecrcriv dpcoyot.aAA' T^ roi /xev eycov aTTOTraucro/xat, et cru

TraveaOo) Se /cat OUTOS" eycb S' e?rt /cat roS' o'ôu/xat,

ju,1)^ TTOT' em Tpcoecrcriv dAe^Tjcretv KO.KOV r)/Jiap,

' OTTOT' av Tpoirj fjuaXepa) irvpl Tracra SctTyrat 375

evr], Kaicoai 8* dpTjtot ufe? 'Aâicuv."

Aurdp e?ret TO y' a/coucre êct Aeu/caSAevo? "H/37J,auTi'/c' ap' "HâtcrTOV Trpocr€(f)a>V€€V, ov (j>i\ov viov

" "HâtcTTe, crêo, TZKVOV cxya/cAeeV ow yap eot/cevaOdvarov Oeov cSSe jSporcov eVe/ca OTVêXilêiv." 380

434


and in the fair streams they plunged this way andthat, sore distressed by the blast of Hephaestus ofmany wiles. Burned too was the mighty River, andhe spake and addressed the god : " Hephaestus, thereis none of the gods that can vie with thee, nor willI fight thee, ablaze with fire as thou art. Cease thoufrom strife, and as touching the Trojans, let goodlyAchilles forthwith drive them forth from out theircity; what part have I in strife or in bearing aid ? "

So spake he, burning the while with fire, and hisfair streams were seething. And as a cauldronboileth within, when the fierce flame setteth uponit, while it melteth the lard of a fatted hog, and itbubbleth in every part, and dry faggots are setthereunder ; so burned in fire his fair streams, and thewater boiled ; nor had he any mind to flow furtheronward, but was stayed ; for the blast of the might ofwise-hearted Hephaestus distressed him. Then withinstant prayer he spake winged words unto Hera :" Hera, wherefore hath thy son beset my stream toafflict it beyond all others ? I verily am not so muchat fault in thine eyes, as are all those others that arehelpers of the Trojans. Howbeit I will refrain me,if so thou biddest, and let him also refrain. And Iwill furthermore swear this oath, never to ward offfrom the Trojans the day of evil, nay, not when allTroy shall burn with the burning of consuming fire,and the warlike sons of the Achaeans shall be theburners thereof."

But when the goddess, white-armed Hera, heardthis plea, forthwith she spake unto Hephaestus, herdear son : " Hephaestus, withhold thee, my gloriousson ; it is nowise seemly thus to smite an immortalgod for mortals' sake."

435

HOMER

efiad* , "H^cuoro? Se /carea/Seae

ai/soppov §' apa /cu/ua Kareacrvro /caAa pied pa.Avrdp eVei 'EidvOoLo Sa/z^ jueVo?, 01 /xev eVeiTa

Travffdadrjv • "Hpy yap epVKCLKe ^cooêVr^ Trep*ev 8' d'AAotcri deoicriv epis Trecre /3ej3pLdvia 385

avv S' erreaov /xeyaAa) Traraya*, fipa-X6 ^ evpela

^t Se aaXmyêv fj,eyas ovpavos. ale Se Zeu?u/iTrai • eye'Aacrcre 8e ot <j>i\ov rjrop

yrjdocrvvr) , 06' 6pa.ro deovs epiSt j;vvi6vTas. 390eV^' ot y' OVKIETL 8r)pov aêaraoav • rjpxe yapivoropos, Kal 7rpa>ro$ 'AOrjvair) eiropovaeâA/ceov €yxos e^cov, /cat dvetSftov (f>dro fj" rtVr' ai)r', a) Kwd^via, Oeovs eptSt ^vvOdpoos arirov eôucra, /xeya? 8e ere 0V[J,os dvfJKev; 395^ ov ne/J'Vr) ore TvBeiSriv Ato/z^Se' av^/ca?

avrrj Se TTOLVOI/JCOV eyxos eXovaawaas, Stct Se XP°a Ka-Xov e8aifjas;

au vw otco dTToricrefjLev ocraa eopyas."etVcov ourTjcre /car' cuyiSa dvaaavoeaaav 400

-^ ouSe Ato? Sa/xv^cri Kepavvos'ffi H.LV "Aprj$ ovrrjae /j,i,ai<f)6vos eyX6'- fâKpa).r) S' dvaxo-croafMevif) Xidov etAero êtpt Traêt^K€Lfjievov ev 77e8ta> /ze'Aava, rpry%w re /xe'yav re,TOV p ' aVSpes" TrporepoL Oeaav eJLt/zevat ovpov dpovpys ' 405TOJ jSaAe Oovpov "Apya Kar' avêva, Xvcre Se

1 ci^roi' is an obscure word. The rendering given aboveassumes connexion with #i?,iu. Whether there is anyrelationship between this word and the equally obscurea'trjToi> (xviii. 410) is uncertain.436


So spake she, and Hephaestus quenched hiswondrous-blazing fire, and once more in the fairriver-bed the flood rushed down.

But when the fury of Xanthus was quelled, thetwain thereafter ceased, for Hera stayed them, albeitshe was wroth ; but upon the other gods fell strifeheavy and grievous, and in diverse ways the spirit intheir breasts was blown. Together then they clashedwith a mighty din, and the wide earth rang, andround about great heaven pealed as with a trumpet.And Zeus heard it where he sat upon Olympus, andthe heart within him laughed aloud in joy, as hebeheld the gods joining in strife. Then no more heldthey long aloof, for Ares, piercer of shields, beganthe fray, and first leapt upon Athene, brazen, spearin hand, and spake a word of reviling : " Where-fore now again, thou dog-fly, art thou making godsto clash with gods in strife, in the fierceness l of thydaring, as thy proud spirit sets thee on ? Remember-est thou not what time thou movedst Diomedes,Tydeus' son, to wound me, and thyself in the sightof all didst grasp the spear and let drive straight atme, and didst rend my fair flesh ? Therefore shaltthou now, methinks, pay the full price of all thatthou hast wrought."

So saying he smote upon her tasselled aegis—theawful aegis against which not even the lightning ofZeus can prevail—thereon blood-stained Ares smotewith his long spear. But she gave ground, andseized with her stout hand a stone that lay upon theplain, black and jagged and great, that men of formerdays had set to be the boundary mark of a' field.Therewith she smote furious Ares on the neck, andloosed his limbs. Over seven roods he stretched in

437

HOMER

a 8' eTre'oê TreAedpa, Treawv, etcoviae Sereused r' d/xâpd/fycre' ye'Aacrcre Se HaAAas" '/cat ot eVeirÔjiteVTj eVea -rrrepoevra TrpocrrjvSa.'" vrjirvri ' , ovSe vv TTO> Trep eVeîyoacrw oaaov apeia>v 410evôfji' eytbv e//,erai, ort //.oiovrco Kfv T^? ^t]rpos epwvasT! rot ^cao/êV^ /ca«rd ft^Serai, owe/c'/caAAtTrej, avrap Tpcocriv VTrepîaXoia

"D? a/aa c/)a>vr)cracra TrdXw rpeVev ocrcre âetvco • 415TOV 8' aye %£ipos eAovcra Ato? 6vydr7]p 'TTfATJâ. /zdAa arevdxovra • pôyis 8' ecrayetperorr]i> S' w? ow evorjae Oca XevKoiXtvos "Upr/,ai)rt'/c' 'A,6r)vair)v eVea Trrepoevra 7Tpoar}v&a •" a> TTOTTOt, atytoôto Ato? re/cos1, 'ATpVTwvr], 420/cat §17 ay^' 7y /cwa/xuta ayet f$poTO\oiyov "AprjaSrjiov eK 77oAe)woto /cara K\6vov dAAa

/cat /a•^'Aaae- T^? 8' auroy AUTO yowara /cat <j)L\ov r^rop. 425rca yLtei/ a/o' a,jj,(f)co Keivro errl %dovl TTOvAvfioreipr],-r] 8' a/o' e7T€vxo[j,€Vi] eirea Trrepoevr' dyopeve-" roiovroi, vvv Trdvrss, oaoi Tpcbeacriv dpojyoi,elev, 6V 'Apyetotcri yuaôiaTO OcopyKTrjaiv,cSSe Te dapaaXeoi /cat rA^fJioves, cos 'A^poStV^ 439yAdev "Apr] eTTiKovpos epa) pevet avT(,6a>aa'TO) Kev 8r) TrdAat a/^/xe? eTraucrd/ieâ

438


his fall, and befouled his hair with dust, and abouthim his armour clanged. But Pallas Athene brokeinto a laugh, and vaunting over him she spakewinged words : " Fool, not even yet hast thoulearned how much mightier than thou I avow me tobe, that thou matchest thy strength with mine.On this wise shalt thou satisfy to the full the Avengersinvoked of thy mother, who in her wrath devisethevil against thee, for that thou hast deserted theAchaeans and bearest aid to the overweeningTrojans."

When she had thus spoken, she turned from Aresher bright eyes. Him then the daughter of Zeus,Aphrodite, took by the hand, and sought to leadaway, as he uttered many a moan, and hardly couldhe gather back to him his spirit. But when thegoddess, white-armed Hera, was ware of her, forth-with she spake winged words to Athene : "Outupon it, thou child of Zeus that beareth the aegis,unwearied one, lo, there again the dog-fly is lead-ing Ares, the bane of mortals, forth from the furyof war amid the throng ; nay, have after her."

So spake she, and Athene sped in pursuit, glad atheart, and rushing upon her she smote Aphroditeon the breast with her stout hand ; and her kneeswere loosened where she stood, and her heart melted.So the twain lay upon the bounteous earth, andvaunting over them Athene spake winged words :" In such plight let all now be that are aiders of theTrojans when they fight against the mail-cladArgives, and on this wise bold and stalwart, even asAphrodite came to bear aid to Ares, and braved mymight. Then long ere this should we have ceased fromwar, having sacked Ilios, that well-peopled city."

439

HOMER

"Qs (pdro, ju,et8?7crei> Se dea XevKcbXtvosavrdp 'ATroAAcora 7rpoae<f>ri Kpeicov zvoalyQw 435" d?ot)8e, rt 17 ST) vcDi 8t,€ara/jf,€V; ovSe edp£di>TCuv erepcov TO /xet' aioîov, a'L /c

OvXvfATTOvSe Atoy TTOTI âA/coySares1 So).• cri) yap yeve^î vecorepos' ov yap e/ioi ye

oj^, eTret TTporepos yevo^qv /cat TrAetova ot§a. 440VTTJTTVTL', aij dvoov xrpaSwp e' es" ovSe ^w r<3v 7re/>

oaa §T rraQov KOLKO, "IXcovor ayrjvopi

Aws eXBovres Or/T^vaafJiev etV eviavrova) eTTt pr)TO)' 6 Se arjpatvcDi' eTrereAAet'. 445

rot eyd> Tpweaai iroXiv rrept TCLÔS e'8et/zav re /cat yitaAa KaXov, iv' dppvjKTos TToAts- 6177 •

3^8e, cri) S' ei'AiVoSas' eAt/ca? ôus1 ôu/coAeecr/ces1

ei' KViqôioi TToXvTTTVôv vXrjecrarjs.dXX' ore ST) [j,ia6oio reXos TroXvyydees (Zpat 450e£e(f>€pov, rare vd>'i pujaaro fjiiadov dtravra

IJLZV o y' T^TretATicre vroSas1 /cat Îpas virepdeeiv, /cat 7T€pdav vr\ao>v em TTyAeSaTrawv •

arevro §' o y' d^(j)OT€pajv dTToXetfiejmev ovara âA/ccD. 455VcDt 8e T* dtfjOppOl KlOfJifV K€KOrrjOTL 6vfJ,0),

fj,ia6ov %to6/Ji€voi, rov VTroards OVK erotJ ST) ^w Aaotat (pepeis ^dpuv, ovSeTretpa cus1 /ce Tpaie? VTT€p(pia\oi a.Tr6\a)VTaitipoyyv KCLK&S, crvv Traicrt /cat alSoi-fls aAoôicrt." 450

TOJ/ S' aure TTpoaeznrev dvat; e'/cctepyo? *^1 Line 434 is omitted in -the best MSS.

440


So spake she, and the goddess, white-armed Herasmiled thereat. But unto Apollo spake the lordPoseidon, the Shaker of Earth : " Phoebus, whereforedo we twain stand aloof ? It beseemeth not, seeingothers have begun. Nay, it were the more shameful,if without fighting we should fare back to Olympus,to the house of Zeus with threshold of bronze.Begin, since thou art the younger ; it were not meetfor me, seeing I am the elder-born and know themore. Fool, how witless is the heart thou hast!Neither rememberest thou all the woes that wetwain alone of all the gods endured at Ilios, whattime we came at the bidding of Zeus and served thelordly Laomedon for a year's space at a fixed wage,and he was our taskmaster and laid on us hiscommands. I verily built for the Trojans roundabout their city a wall, wide and exceeding fair, thatthe city might never be broken ; and thou, Phoebus,didst herd the sleek kine of shambling gait amid thespurs of wooded Ida, the many-ridged. But whenat length the glad seasons were bringing to its endthe term of our hire, then did dread Laomedondefraud us twain of all hire, and send us away witha threatening word. He threatened that he wouldbind together our feet and our hands above, and wouldsell us into isles that lie afar. Aye, and he made asif he would lop off with the bronze the ears of us both.So we twain fared aback with angry hearts, wrothfor the hire he promised but gave us not. It is tohis folk now that thou showest favour, neither seekestthou with us that the overweening Trojans mayperish miserably in utter ruin with their childrenand their honoured wives."

Then spake unto him lord Apollo, that worketh

441

HOMER

OVK av /ê aa6(f)pova /j,v0TJar(iio, el Br/ crot ye PporaJv eveKa TTToAe/ug'aJot <f)vXXoicnv eoiKores a'AAore jj,ei> re

TeXtOovaiv, dpovpr)$ Kapirov eSovres, 465aAAore 8e <f>9cvvdovcriv di<r)pioi. aAAa

ol 8' aurot brjpiaapa (jxtivrjcras TrdXtv erpdrrer' • at'Sero yap pa

iyr/fjievai ev TraAa/z^crt.TOV Se KacnyviJTr) fj,dXa vet/cecre, Trorîa Qripaiv, 470"ApT€jj,Ls dyporepr], /cat ovet'Secov âro /AvOov1

" (frevyeis STJ, e/caepye, IIocretSaa)vt Se VIKTJV•naaav eTrerpei/jas, /ieAeov Se ot evxps e'Soj/ca?'vrjTTVTte, rt vt> TO£OV eêts1 dvefjicbXiov avrws;fj,r) aev vvv en rrarpos evl fj,eydps>iow a/coucrco2 475€vxo/j,evov, at? TO TT/OIV ev dQavdroiai Oeoioiv,dvra noaetSaaivos" zvavTifiiov rroXefjiiêiv."

"Q.S (pdro, rrjv 8* ow TI Trpoa^t] eKaepyos' A?7oAAct»t',ciAAa %oXojaa/j,€vr) Ato? alSoir] Trapa/cotTi?

loêaipav ovetSetots1 erreecrat, '3 480O)? Se ai) vw /J,e[J,ovas, KVOV aSSee?, avrt" e/zeto

rot e'yco //.evo? dvrifiepeadatTo£o(f)6pq) 7T€p eovcrrj, enel ere Xeovra yvvai£lZeu? OrJKev, Kal e'Sco/ce KaraKrdfj,ev r\v K edeXyada.•TJ rot fifXrepov earn /car' ovpea. drjpas evalpew 485dyporepas T' eXd(f>ov$ TJ Kpetaaoaw l(f)(,et S' edeXeis, 7ToAe]u,oio 8arffJ,evai, o<j>p* evooaov <p€pT€pT] eifji't ort /zot pevos

1 Line 471 was rejected by Aristarchus.2 Lines 475-477 were rejected by Aristarchus.8 Line 480 was omitted by Aristarchus and is lacking in

most MSS.442


afar : " Shaker of Earth, as nowise sound of mindwouldest thou count me, if I should war with thee forthe sake of mortals, pitiful creatures, that like untoleaves are now full of flaming life, eating the fruitof the field, and now again pine away and perish.Nay, with speed let us cease from strife, and let themdo battle by themselves."

So saying he turned him back, for he had shameto deal in blows with his father's brother. But hissister railed at him hotly, even the queen of the wildbeasts, Artemis of the wild wood, and spake a wordof reviling : " Lo, thou fleest, thou god that workestafar, and to Poseidon hast thou utterly yielded thevictory, and given him glory for naught! Fool,why bearest thou a bow thus worthless as wind ?Let me no more hear thee in the halls of our fatherboasting as of old among the immortal gods thatthou wouldest do battle in open combat withPoseidon."

So spake she, but Apollo, that worketh afar,answered her not. Howbeit the revered wife ofZeus waxed wroth, and chid the archer queen withwords of reviling : " How now art thou fain, thoubold and shameless thing, to stand forth against me ?No easy foe, I tell thee, am I, that thou shouldstvie with me in might, albeit thou bearest the bow,since it was against women that Zeus made thee alion, and granted thee to slay whomsoever of themthou wilt. In good sooth it is better on the mountainsto be slaying beasts and wild deer than to fightamain with those mightier than thou. Howbeit if thouwilt, learn thou of war, that thou mayest know fullwell how much mightier am I, seeing thou matchestthy strength with mine."

443

HOMER

H pa, /cat d[J.<f)OT€pa$ em KapTraJ xelpas efj,ap7TT€

ifj, 8e£iT€pfj 8' dp' dV OJ/JLOJV aivvro roâ, 499

S' ap' e$etve Trap' ovara /zeiStocoaa

€vrp07raX(.t,ofjL€vr]v • raêe? 8' CKTTLITTOV o'ioroL

8aKpvoearaa 8' VTraiOa1 dea fyvyzv a>s re TreAeia,

• pa ^' i57r' iprjKos KoiXrjV etcreVraTO Trerprjv,

oi)S' apa T^ ye dXa>/u,evai, alaifJiov fj€V 495

T) Satepvocacra <^>vyev, Xiire S* avrodi ro£a.

Se TTpOO€€L7T€ BiOiKTOpOS 'AjOyei' OVT^? '

" Aijrot, eya> 8e rot oy rt /xa^Tyaoât • dpyaXeov Se

7rA?^/CTiêcr^' aAoôtcrt Atos" veêA^yepe'rao •

aAAa fj,dXa irpofipacraa p,er' aQavdroiai deoiaiv 500

e't , ATJTCO 8e

a'AAuSts1 aAAa //.era aTpo<f>a\iyyi KOVLT/S.

rj fj,ev To£a Xa/3ovaa rrdXiv Kie Qvyarepos rjs '

r) §' ap' "QXvjj,7Tov tKave Ato? Trort âA/coâres1 8<5, 505Sa/cpuoecrcra Se Trarpos eêêro yowaat Kovpy,

a^(j>l S' ap' dfjippoaios eavos rpe'/ê • T^V Se Trporl ol

etAe Trarrjp K.povi8rjs, Kal dvetpero T^Su yeAacrcras"

" TI? vw ere roiaS' epeê, fiiXov reKos, Qvpavubvwv

lACU/JiSiws, ws* et rt KCLKOV peôvcrav Ivuiirfi;" 2 519

Tov S' awre TrpocreeiTrev evar4âvos

" CTT^ //,' d'Aoôs1 crryêAtê, Trarep, Aeu/cciAet'os1

e^ - s* ddavdroiaiv ept? /cat vel/cos1

1 fnraida : ^Treira.2 Line 510 is omitted in most MSS.

444

THE ILIAD, XXI. 48Q-513

Therewith she caught both the other's hands bythe wrist with her left hand, and with her right tookthe bow and its gear from her shoulders, and withthese self-same weapons, smiling the while, she beather about the ears, as she turned this way and that;and the swift arrows fell from out the quiver. Thenweeping the goddess fled from before her even as adove that from before a falcon flieth into a hollowrock, a cleft—nor is it her lot to be taken ; even sofled Artemis weeping, and left her bow and arrowswhere they lay. But unto Leto spake themessenger Argei'phontes : " Leto, it is not I thatwill anywise fight with thee ; a hard thing were itto bandy blows with the wives of Zeus, the cloud-gatherer ; nay, with a right ready heart boast thouamong the immortal gods that thou didst vanquishme with thy great might."

So spake he, and Leto gathered up the curvedbow and the arrows that had fallen hither andthither amid the -whirl of dust. She then, when shehad taken her daughter's bow and arrows, went back;but the maiden came to Olympus, to the house ofZeus with threshold of bronze, and sat down weepingupon her father's knees, while about her the fragrantrobe quivered ; and her father, the son of Cronos,clasped her to him, and asked of her, laughing gently :" Who now of the sons of heaven, dear child, hathentreated thee thus wantonly as though thou wertworking some evil before the face of all ? "

Then answered him the fair-crowned huntress ofthe echoing chase : " Thy wife it was that buffetedme, father, even white-armed Hera, from whomstrife and contention have been made fast upon theimmortals."

445

HOMER

"fi? ot fj,ev roiavra irpos dXXrjXovs dyopevovavrap 'ATroAAwv OotjSos1 eSycrero "IXiov iptjv 515fj,efJL^Xero 'yap ot retô? ei/S/^roto TroX-rjos,p:r) Aamot rrtpaeiav VTrep popov jjân /ceiVa>.ol 8' aAAot Trpos "QXv/ATTOV Iffov Oeol alev eovres,ol /j,€v xwofjievot,, ot 8e p,eya /cuStoaj^Tes"Ka8 8' lt,ov irapa Trarpl KeXaiveêi • avrap 'A^tAAei)? 520Tpcoa? o/jicos avrovs T' oAe/cev /cat fj,a>vvxas ITTTTOVS.ai? S' ore KCLTTVOS luiv et? ovpavov evpvv t'/o^raiaareo? aiOo/juevoio, 6eajv §e e [JifjviS dvrJK€,Tracrt §' edijKe TTOVOV, TroAAotat Se /CT^Se' efirJKev,to? 'A^tAey? Tpojecrat irdvov1 /cat /ci^Se' e6r)K€V. 525

'EaT7]/cet 8* o y€pwv Uptakes, det-ov errl Trvpyov,€? S' evoTjo' 'A^tAâ TreXaipiov • avrap VTT' avrovTpaJes a(f>ap K\ov€ovro Ttefivôres, ovSe Tyiyved* • 6 8' ot/zaifa? 0:770 rrvpyov fialveorpvvcov Trapa retô? dya/cAetTou? irvXacopovs • 530" TreTrra/zei/as1 eV X€Pa^ "^vXas eêr', et? o «re AaoteXOaiai TT/OOTI acrru Trefivôres • rj yap 'A^tAAeu?eyyy? 6'8e /cAovecov vw otcu Aotyt' ecreadai.avrap ITTGI /f' e? retô? avaTrveycrctxrtv dAeVre?,avns £7Tav0€/uL€vai, cravt'Sa? TTUACIVO)? dpapvias' 5358ei8ta yap /ZT^ oyAo? dv^/o e? retôs1 aXr/rat."

*Q.$ e(f>a6',01 8' aveadv re TrvXas Kai dmoo-ai'oâs1'at 8e TreraaOeloai rev£av (pdos' avrap 'A7rdAAa>i>2

avrto? €^€0ope3 Tpaxav iva Xoiyov dAaA/cot.ot 8' tû? TToAios- /cat retêo? vijjrjXoio, 549

1 irbvov : (pbvov.2 Lines 538 f. were rejected by Zenodotus,

446


On this wise spake they one to the other; butPhoebus Apollo entered into sacred Ilios, for he wastroubled for the wall of the well-builded city, lestthe Danaans beyond what was ordained should layit waste on that day. But the other gods that arefor ever went unto Olympus, some of them in wrathand some exulting greatly, and they sate themdown beside the Father, the lord of the dark clouds.But Achilles was still slaying alike the Trojansthemselves and their single-hooved horses. And aswhen smoke riseth and reacheth the wide heavenfrom a city that burneth, and the wrath of the godsdriveth it on—it causeth toil to all and upon manydoth it let loose woes—even so caused Achilles toiland woes for the Trojans.

And the old man Priam stood upon the heaven-built wall, and was ware of monstrous Achilles, andhow before him the Trojans were being driven inheadlong rout, and help there was none. Thenwith a groan he gat him down to the ground fromthe wall, calling the while to the glorious keepers ofthe gate along the wall: " Wide open hold ye thegates with your hands until the folk shall come tothe city in their rout, for lo, here at hand is Achilles,as he driveth them on ; now methinks shall there besorry work. But whenso they have found respite,being gathered within the wall, then close ye againthe double doors, close fitted; for I am adread lestyon baneful man leap within the wall."

So spake he, and they undid the gates and thrustback the bars ; and the gates being flung widewrought deliverance. But Apollo leapt forth to faceAchilles, that so he might ward off ruin from theTrojans. And they, the while, were fleeing straight

447

HOMER

KapâXeot, KeKovipevoi e/c TreStoio(f>evyov • 6 Se o<f>e8avov e(f)eTr' eyêi', AJcrcra Se otalev e' e Kparepij, n>eveaive Se /cuSo? apeadai.

"Ei'&x /cey vifjiTrvXov Tpoirjv eXov vies 'AâitDi',et /ii7 'A77oAAa;v OotjSos1 'Ayijvopa Stov avr^/ce, 545ÔJT' 'Kvrrjvopos vlov a/juvpovd re Kparepov re.

ev jtiev ot Kpaîrj ddpcros ^8aAe, Trap 8e ot auros1

ecrrr), OTTCDS Oavdroio fiapeias êtpa?1 aAaAACot,^1770) /ceKrAt/xeVos" KehcdXvTTTO 8' ap' i}e)ot TroAA?^.avrap o y' to? evorjcrev 'A^tAAiya moXiTropdov, 550ecrrrj, rroXXa Se ot AcpaStvy vopfivpe /xeVovrt-

S' apct etTre npos ov [AeyaXiJTOpa 6vp,6v//.at eya)V et /Aev /cev UTTO Kparepov

, r^ Trep ot aAAot aruô/ievot /calprjcrei /ze /cat w?, /cat avaA/ct8a Setporoâet. 555et 8' av eya> rovrovs fJ>€V UTro/cAove'ecrât eacra»

r} 'A^tA^t, Trocrtv 8' 0,770 retêo? a'AA^Trpo? TreSiov 'lA^tov, o<^p' av twrcu/iat

re Kvr)[j,ovs Kara re pwnri'ia 8va> •ecnrepios 8' av eWtra Xoeaadpevos rtoraôio 560

tSpa) aTTOifjv^dels vrporl TAtov a7roveoip,7jv '

aAAa TI ^ jaot ravra <j>iXos SteAefaro Ovp,6s;I^TI jj? drraeLpo/Jievov TroXiOs rrebiovfte vorjcrrj

/cat jite [j,era.i£a$ pdpifrr} raêecrat TroSecro'tt'.ou/ceV eTretr' earac ddvarov /cat Krjpas dXv£ai • 565

yap Kparepos rrepl rravratv ear* dvOpa)7TO)v.

448


for the city and the high wall, parched with thirst,and begrimed with dust from the plain, while Achillespressed upon them furiously with his spear; for fiercemadness ever possessed his heart, and he was eagerto win him glory.

Then would the sons of the Achaeans have takenhigh-gated Troy, had not Phoebus Apollo arousedgoodly Agenor, Antenor's son, a peerless warriorand a stalwart. In his heart he put courage, andhimself stood by his side, that he might ward fromhim the heavy hands of death ; against the oak1 heleaned, and he was enfolded in deep mist. So whenAgenor was ware of Achilles, sacker of cities, hehalted, and many things did his heart darkly ponderas he abode ; and mightily moved he spake untohis own great-hearted spirit:

" Ah, woe is me ; if I flee before mighty Achilles,there where the rest are being driven in rout, evenso shall he overtake and butcher me in my cowardice.But what if I leave these to be driven before Achilles,son of Peleus, and with my feet flee from the wallelsewhither, toward the Ilean plain, until I be cometo the glens and the spurs of Ida, and hide me inthe thickets ? Then at even, when I have bathed mein the river and cooled me of my sweat, I might getme back to Ilios. But why doth my heart thus holdconverse with me ? Let it not be that he mark meas I turn away from the city toward the plain, anddarting after me overtake me by his fleetness offoot. Then will it no more be possible to escapedeath and the fates, for exceeding mighty is he

1 An oak in the neighbourhood of the Scaean gate isfrequently mentioned as a well-known landmark; see vi.237 ; ix. 354; xi. 170.

VOL. II 2 <3 449

HOMER

ei Se K€ ol npOTrapoiBe TroAeo? Karevavriov eX0a)'KOI yap 9r]v TOVTW T/OCOTO? XP^S °£€'' Xa^K$>eV Se la faxy, dvr^rov Se e </>acr' avdpanroc

- avrdp ol Kpoviorjs Zeu? /c£»So? O7rd£et." * 570mijv 'A^tA-â aAei? /xeVev, ev Se otopfjbdro TrroAe/itêtv T^S

TrapSaAt? eicrt âdeirjs €Kprirfjpos evavriov, ou§e rt QVJJ,U>

rapfiel oi58e ^>o^8etrai, e?7ei /cev vAayfjuov aKOvarj • 575et 7re/> yap (^ddêvos fJ^v •>} ovrday rjedAAa re Kat Trept Soupt Trerrap/jievrj OVK adA/CT^s", TrpiV y* iê £vp,fi\riiA€vat, rj€a>S 'Avrrjvopos vlos dyauou, 810? 'ou/c e'$eAev </>euyeiv, Trptv Treiprjaatr' 'AîAô?, 580dAA' o y' ap' cxoTn'Sa jitev TT/OOCT^' ecrêro

8* auroto TtrucrKero, Acat?y TTOU )LtdA' eoATra? evt ^pecrt, ^

raiSe ?7oAiv Tre'pcreiv TpaSwv d^ r' ert TroAAa, rereuêrat aAye* eir' avrfj. 535

eV yap ot TroAees1 Te Kai d'A/ct/>iot dvepes ^l^€v,ot Ko.1 rrpoade ^>t'Aa)v roKeaiv d\6\ojv re /cat t> iwy"lAiof tlpvofJieada • av 8' eV^dSe TTOT/ZOV eê' ei?,c58' e/CTrayAos1 ecoP1 /cat dapaaXeos TroXep.Larijs ."

^H pa, /cat o^-iV d/covra jSapetTjs" êtpo? d(f)rJK€, 590/cat'p" cjSaAe KVtjprjv VTTO yovvaros, or5S' d^dâpTev.dfJL(j)l oe ol KVTIIUS vtorevKTov /caacrtTe'poioa/zepSaAeoi> Kovdôe' TrdAtv S' a770 âA/co? opoycrej3Xr)ps€Vov, o08' eVe'pTjcre, #eou 8' ^piJ/ca/ce ScDpa.

1 Line 570 was rejected by Aristarchus.4,50


above all mortal men. What then if in front of thecity I go forth to meet him ? Even his flesh too,I ween, may be pierced with the sharp bronze, andin him is but one life, and mortal do men deem himto be ; howbeit Zeus, son of Cronos, giveth himglory."

So saying he gathered himself together to abideAchilles' oncoming, and within him his valiant heartwas fain to war and to do battle. Even as a pardgoeth forth from a deep thicket before the face ofa huntsman, neither is anywise afraid at heart, norfleeth when she heareth the baying of the hounds ;for though the man be beforehand with her and smiteher with thrust or with dart, yet even pierced throughwith the spear she ceaseth not from her fury untilshe grapple with him or be slain ; even so lordlyAntenor*s son, goodly Agenor, refused to flee till heshould make trial of Achilles, but held before him hisshield that was well-balanced upon every side, andaimed at Achilles with his spear, and shouted aloud :" Verily, I ween, thou hopest in thy heart, gloriousAchilles, on this day to sack the city of the lordlyTrojans. Thou fool! in sooth many be the woes thatshall yet be wrought because of her. Within her arewe, many men and valiant, that in front of our dearparents and wives and sons guard Ilios ; nay, it isthou that shalt here meet thy doom, for all thou artso dread and so bold a man of war."

He spake, and hurled the sharp spear from hisheavy hand, and smote him on the shin belowthe knee, and missed him not; and the greave ofnew-wrought tin rang terribly upon him ; but backfrom him it smote leapt the bronze, and pierced notthrough, for the gift of the god stayed it. And the

451

HOMER

8* cop/Aôur' 'Ayijvopos dvnOeoio 595ouS' er' eaaev 'ATroXXcov KuSo? apeaQai,

aAAa jatv e^pTra^-e, KaXvê 8' ap' êpi TroXXfj,rjav-îov 8' apa jtttv 7roAe)uou eKTre/JLTre veeadac.avrap 6 TlyXeiaiva 8oAa> arroepyade Xaov-avra> yap eKaepyos 'Aytjvopi Travra COIKWS 600

TTpOCrOe TToScJOV, 6 8' eTTCOCFVTO TTOCTai

o TOV TreStoio Stctj/cero

'rvrOov VTreKirpodeovTa' 8dAa> 8* ap

at? atet eX-noiro Ki^tjaeaBai Trocrlv olcn1 605r6(f)p' aAAot Tpaie?1 Trefioftrjpevoi, rjXQov 6fj,iXa)aaTT&aioi Trporl aarv, noXts 8' ejATrXyro aAeVraiv.ouS* apa roi y' erXav 776X10$ KOL Teiêo? e/cro?juetvat eV aAAÂous1, «at yvwpevat, os re 7T€(f>evyoi05 T' edav* ev vroAe/AO)' dAA* ecrcru/xeVcos' ecre^wro 610ej TrdAiv, ov rtva rcDi' ye TrdSe? Kat yowa cracoorat

1 Tpwes :

452


son of Peleus in his turn set upon godlike Agenor;howbeit Apollo suffered him not to win glory, butsnatched away Agenor, and shrouded him in thickmist, and sent him forth from the war to go his wayin peace. But Apollo by craft kept the son ofPeleus away from the folk, for likened in all thingsto Agenor's self the god that worketh afar took hisstand before his feet; and Achilles rushed upon himswiftly to pursue him. And while he pursued himover the wheat-bearing plain, turning him towardthe river, deep-eddying Scamander, as he by butlittle outran him—for by craft did Apollo beguilehim, that he ever hoped to overtake him in hisrunning—meanwhile the rest of the Trojans that werefleeing in rout came crowding gladly toward the city,and the town was filled with the throng of them.Neither dared they longer to await one anotheroutside the city and wall, and to know who perchancewas escaped and who had been slain in the fight;but with eager haste they poured into the city,whomsoever of them his feet and knees might save.

453

IAIAAOS X

ol jiiev /caret aarv Trefivôres "fjvre ve/Spol

aTT€^V)(OVTO TTiOV T* OLKCOVTO T€ SilfiaV,

fcaXfjow €7rdX£eow ocvTap '

aoaov 'iaav, cra/ce' ajfjio

"E/cropa S' avrov /JLCLVCLI oXoir) />totp* erreSrjaev 5

'lAiou Trpo-rrdpoiQe. TrvXdiov re S/caiatov.

avrap TlyXeiwva irpocrrjvSa <&olf3os '

, IIÂeo? vie, Troaiv raêeacri

OS €WV 060V cifjifipOTOV ; OVO€ VV 7TOJ [J,€

cu? 0€os elfjui, av S' damepxes peveaiveis. 10

77 w rot ov TI /xe'Aei Tpajcov TTOVOS, ov$ €(f)6

ot ST^ rot et? acrru a'Aev, cru 8e Sevpo

OV [J,€V fJ,€ KT€V6€IS, €TT€l OV TOt

Tov oe /wey' oÔrjcras 7Tpoa€<f>ir) TTOOCLS WKU? '

" e(3Xaifjds p' ', zKaepye, Qewv oAocorare Trdvriov, 15

evOdSe vvv rpei/jas OTTO retêos" ^ /c' ert TroAAoi

yatav oSa^ eiAoi' rrplv "IXiov etcra^t/cecrât.

vuv 8* e/ze //.ej^ /ueya KvSos aêt'Aeo, rou? Se craaxra?454

BOOK XXII

So they throughout the city, huddled in rout likefawns, were cooling their sweat and drinking andquenching their thirst, as they rested on the fairbattlements ; while the Achaeans drew near the wallleaning their shields against their shoulders. ButHector did deadly fate ensnare to abide there wherehe was in front of Ilios and the Scaean gates. Thenunto the son of Peleus spake Phoebus Apollo :" Wherefore, son of Peleus, dost thou pursue mewith swift feet, thyself a mortal, while I am animmortal god ? Not even yet hast thou known methat I am a god, but thou ragest incessantly ! Hastthou in good sooth no care for thy toil regarding theTrojans whom thou dravest in rout, who now aregathered into the city, while thou hast turned theeaside hitherward ? Thou shalt never slay me, for lo,I am not one that is appointed to die."

Then with a mighty burst of anger spake to himswift-footed Achilles : " Thou hast foiled me, thougod that workest afar, most cruel of all gods, in thatthou hast now turned me hither from the wall ; elsehad many a man yet bitten the ground or ever theycame into Ilios. Now hast thou robbed me of greatglory, and them hast thou saved full easily, seeing

455

HOMER

, eVet ov TI -rlaiv y' eSetcras1 om'crcrco.77 cr' av TK7aifJ,rjv, ei p;ot SiW/zt? ye TrapetTy." 20

rtQs" eiTTOJv Trporl acrrv /Lte'ya fipovecw eê^Kei,cr€vd/j,€vos co? 0' "TTTTOS deOXocfropos avv oêcr^tv,o? pa re peta 6eât riraivofjievos TreStoto'cos 'A^tAei)? Xanftrjpa TroSas KOI yovvar' evai/xa.

Tov §' c5 yepcov YlpLapos irpajros i'Sev 3(f>daX[JLolcri, 25Tra/iâtVov^' cos T* acrrep' €7T€(Jovî€VOV TreStoto,6? pa r* O7ra>p'r]? elaiv, dpi^rjXot, Se ot auyat(ftaivovTai 7roAAo60*t /zer' darpdai VVKTOS dfJioX'yw'ov re /cw' 'fipicufo? ciriKX^cnv KaXeovoi.Xa^nrporaros l^zv o y* eari, KO.KOV 8e re arjfjia re-

TVKTCU, 30Kai re (f>epet TroXXov rrvperov SeiAotcri fiporolawco? row âAKos1 e'AajiiTre Trept aTrjdeaot, Oeovros.a>Ô)êv 8' o yeptot', Ke<f)aXr)V 8' o ye /co0aroi50dcr' dvaa-ô^vos , /xeya 8' ot/zojâ?

<f>iXov vlov • 6 Se TrpOTrapotê 7ri»Aa<ov 35

rov 8' o ye'pcov eAeetm 7rpoo"^r;Sa êipa? opeyvvs'" "E/crop, /zr^ /AOI /zt/xve, <f)iXov TZKOS, dvepa TOVTOV

ofo? dvev6' dXXwv, Iva pr) rdya. TTOTÔV erriaTTj]ôa/ji€is, €7rel rj TToXv (f>€prep6s ecm, 40at' e deolm (f>iXos ToacrovSe yeVotro

oaaov efjLoi' raâ /ceV e KVVCS /cat yCwe? e'SotevK€LfJ,€VOV ' •?) K€ {JLOl OIVOV OLTTO TTpaTTtScOV aÔJ e'AÔt '

os1 /i' vtcoj> 77oAAcor re /cat eo6Xa>v ebviv edr]K€,KT€ivcov /cat TTepva? VT^CTCOV eVt T^/cat yap iw Suo TratSe, Au/caova /cat456

THE ILIAD, XXII. 19-46

thou hadst no fear of vengeance in the aftertime.Verily I would avenge me on thee, had I but thepower."

So spake he, and was gone toward the city in prideof heart, speeding as speedeth with a chariot a horsethat is winner of prizes, one that lightly coursethat full speed over the plain; even so swiftly pliedAchilles his feet and knees.

Him the old man Priam was first to behold withhis eyes, as he sped all-gleaming over the plain, liketo the star that cometh forth at harvest-time, andbrightly do his rays shine amid the host of stars inthe darkness of night, the star that men call by namethe Dog of Orion. Brightest of all is he, yet withalis he a sign of evil, and bringeth much fever uponwretched mortals. Even in such wise did the bronzegleam upon the breast of Achilles as he ran. Andthe old man uttered a groan, and beat upon hishead with his hands, lifting them up on high, andwith a groan he called aloud, beseeching his dear son,that was standing before the gates furiously eagerto do battle with Achilles. To him the old manspake piteously, stretching forth his arms :

Hector, my dear child, abide not, I pray thee,yon man, alone with none to aid thee, lest forthwiththou meet thy doom, slain by the son of Peleus,since verily he is far the mightier—cruel that he is.I would that he were loved by the gods even as byme! Then would the dogs and vultures speedilydevour him as he lay unburied ; so would dreadsorrow depart from my soul, seeing he hath mademe bereft of sons many and valiant, slaying them andselling them into isles that lie afar. For even nowthere be twain of my sons, Lycaon and Polydorus,

457

HOMER

ov Swaîai iSeetv 'Tpaxtiv el? acrru dXemcav,rovs [J,oi Aao96rj re'/cero, Kpeiovaa yvvaiKtov.aAA' et fj,ev £a)ovai //.era crrparq), y r' av eVetra

v re xpvaov r* aTroAucro/zefl' • e'cm ya/o eVSo^* 50

et S' '817 redvaai /cat etV 'At'Sao 86/j,otO(,v,aXyos efjiat dvpqj /cat prjrept, rot re/coyitecr0a •Aaotatv §' d'AAotcrt fj,wvvda8iu>T€pov d'Ayo?ecrcrerat, T^V 117 /cat en) ddvrjs 'A^tA^t 8a/xacrêt'?. 65aAA' elaepxeo retô?, e/i,w re/co?, oâ oacbarjsTpcDa? /cat Tpwds, prjSe /ie'ya /ci7So? ope£r)$HrjXe'i'Srj, auro? 3e <j)i\rjs alajvos a^pdfjs.77/06? 8' e/Lte rov 8vcrT7)vov ert (frpoveovr* eXerjcrov,

, ov pa -rrarrjp KpoviSrjs em y^pao? ouSa) 60dpyaXerj fidiaei, /ca/ca vroAA'

vlds r' oAAu/xe'vov? eA/c^ Cetera? re/cat daXdfj,ovs K€pai£,ofj,evovs, Kal vrjTria re/cj/a

Trporl yatT^ eV atvi^ Sîbr^rt,re vuoj)? oXofjs VTTO -êpalv 'AâicDv. 65

S' dV Trvparov /xe Kvves TrpcbTrjm Ovprjaivl epvovaiv, eirei /ce rt? d^-e't âA/ca)

rvijjas ye fiaXaiv pzdecov e/c 9vfj,ov e'A^rat,ou? rp6(f>ov eV /u,eya/3otcrt rpaTre^rjas dvpacopovs,1

o" /c' e/zot' afyua movres aXvcrcrovres Trepi 9v/j,a) 70' ev TrpoOvpoim. vlco Se re TTOLVT' eWoi/cej>

' iravra 8e /caAa davovn Trep, orrtaAA' ore Si) 77oAioV re /cap^ TroAtot' re

1 Ovpaupovs :

458

THE ILIAD, XXII. 47-74,

that I cannot see amid the Trojans that are gatheredinto the city, even they that Laothoe bare me, a prin-cess among women. But if they be yet alive in thecamp of the foe, then verily will we ransom them withbronze and gold, seeing there is store thereof in myhouse ; for gifts full many did the old Altes, of gloriousname, give to his daughter. But and if they be evennow dead and in the house of Hades, then shallthere be sorrow to my heart and to their mother, tous that gave them birth ; but to the rest of the hosta briefer sorrow, if so be thou die not as well, slainby Achilles. Nay, enter within the walls, my child,that thou mayest save the Trojan men and Trojanwomen, and thatthou give not great glory to the son ofPeleus, and be thyself reft of thy dear life. Further-more, have thou compassion on me that yet can feel—on wretched me whom the father, son of Cronos, willslay by a grievous fate on the threshold of old age,when I have beheld ills full many, my sons perish-ing and my daughters haled away, and my treasurechambers laid waste, and little children hurled tothe ground in the dread conflict, and my sons' wivesbeing haled away beneath the deadly hands of theAchaeans. Myself then last of all at the entering inof my door shall ravening dogs rend, when some manby thrust or cast of the sharp bronze hath reft mylimbs of life—even the dogs that in my halls I rearedat my table to guard my door, which then having drunkmy blood in the madness of their hearts, shall liethere in the gateway. A young man it beseemethwholly, when he is slain in battle, that he lie mangledby the sharp bronze ; dead though he be, all ishonourable whatsoever be seen. But when dogswork shame upon the hoary head and hoary beard

459

HOMER

atScD T* atcr^wcocri Kvves /crapêVoto yepovros, 75TOVTO 817 oiKTiarov TreAerat SetAotat fiporolaw."

*H p" o yeptov, TToXias 8' a/)' aVa, Tptâ? eA/cero

TtAAcoi' e/c /ceâA^s" ouS' "E/cropt Bvôv/i.TJT'rjp S' au^' erepwdev o8vpero Sa«rpyAcoA?rov aweyueV"^, ereprjfa Se fj,a^6v avenge • 80/cat yu.tv 8di<pv xeova' eWa Trrepoevra irpocrrjvSa'

"E/cTo/>j reKvov e/xov, TaSe T* a't'Seo /cat /z' eXerjaovavrrjv, et Trore rot XaOiKrjSea /j,a£,6v eVeaôvraw /Jtvrjcrai, ^t'Ae TZKVOV, apvve Se STÎOV dvSparetêo? e^TO? eajv, jUTjSe Trpo/xo? tc/racro roura)' 85crêrAto? • et ?7ep ya/o ere /cara/crav^, ou cr' eV eyc6 ye/cAawcro/zat ei^ Aeê'ecrcrt, (f>iXov OdXos* ov re'/cov ai)r^,ou8' aAoôs1 7ToXv8a>pos • avevOe Se ere yiteya vcolV'Apyetcuv Tra/od vyvcri Kvves Taêe? /careSoi/rat."

"Q? Tw ye /cAat'ovre TrpoaavSrjTrjv <j)iXov vlov, 90TToAAd AtcrcroîeVa) • ou§' "E/cropt 6v/j,6v eireiOov,dAA' o ye pifjtv' 'A^tA-â TreXcopiov aaaov lovra.a>? Se SpaKcov em X€lfi opearepo? avSpa fievrjcrt,,f3e/3pa)Ka>$ /ca/ca, ^>apâ/c', e'Su Se re //,tv ôAo? atvo?,afJiGpSaXeov Se Se'Sop/cev eAttTcro^tevo? Trept Xeifl' 95co? "E/crcop acrêcrrov e^cov (j,€vos ov% VTrexwpei,TTVpya) eni Trpovôvri (fraewrjis acrmB3 epetcras"oxdijaas S' apa etTre Trpo? ov />ieyaA^ropa Ovfj,6v

co jLiot €yu)v, et jLtev /ce TruAa? /cat retêa Suco,ITouAu8ap;as> px?t TrpcDro? eAeyêt^j/ dvadTJaei, 1006V /i' e/ceAeve Tpcucri TTOTI TrrdAtv

460


and on the nakedness of an old man slain, lo, thisis the most piteous thing that cometh upon wretchedmortals."

Thus spake the old man, and with his hands heplucked and tore the hoary hairs from his head ;but he could not persuade the heart of Hector.And over against him the mother in her turn wailedand shed tears, loosening the folds of her robe,while with the other hand she showed her breast,and amid shedding of tears she spake unto himwinged words : " Hector, my child, have thou re-spect unto this and pity me, if ever I gave thee thebreast to lull thy pain. Think thereon, dear child,and ward off yon foemen from within the wall,neither stand thou forth to face him. Cruel is he ; forif so be he slay thee, never shall I lay thee on a bierand bewail thee, dear plant, born of mine own self,nay, nor shall thy bounteous wife ; but far away fromus by the ships of the Argives shall swift dogs devourthee."

So the twain with weeping spake unto their dearson, beseeching him instantly ; howbeit they could notpersuade the heart of Hector, but he abode Achillesas he drew nigh in his mightiness. And as a serpentof the mountain awaiteth a man at his lair, havingfed upon evil herbs, and dread wrath hath enteredinto him, and terribly he glareth as he coileth himabout within his lair ; even so Hector in his courageunquenchable would not give ground, leaning hisbright shield against the jutting wall. Then, mightilymoved, he spake unto his own great-hearted spirit:" Ah, woe is me, if I go within the gates and thewalls Polydamas will be the first to put reproachupon me, for that he bade me lead the Trojans to

461

HOMER

VTTO r^vS' oXorjv, ore T' copero Sto?dAA' eyct> ou TTi86fj,7jv y r' ai> TroAu KepSiOv rjev.vvv 8* €7rei coAeaa Aaov dracrdaXLr)criv e/j,fjcri,v,cuSeo/z,ai Tpaias1 /cat TpwaSa? €\K€crnT€rr\ovs, 105/XT? TTOre Tt? €1777^(71 KaKO)T€pOS CtAAo? €fJ,€LO •1 "E/crai/o ^t j3ir)<f>L TTidrjcras coAecre Aaov.'to? epeovatv €p,oi 8e TOT' at* TroAu KepSiov CITâvrrjv rj 'AîAâ KaraKreLvavra veeadai,ye KZV avra> dAecrât evKXeiaJs Trpo iroXrjos. 110et 8e /cev acrTrtSa //,ei> Karadeiofjuai ofifiaXoeaarav/cat Kopvda fipiaprjv, Bopv 8e rrpos rcfyos epeiaasauro? icav 'A^tAô? a/xu/u,ovo? avrlos €\da)K.O.L ol i57rocrâ>/Aai 'EAeVryv Kat KTr)pa&' ajj,' avrfj,TrdvTo. //.aA' oacra T' 'AAefa^S/Jos1 /cotA^? evi vrjvcriv 115i^yayero TpofyvS', 17 T' errXero veixeos8a>a€p,ev 'ArpetSrjcnv ayetv, aâa §'aAA' a.TTo8daa€cr9ai,, oaa re TrroAts1

Tpcocrlv 8' au [AeroTTiade yepovacov opKOv e'Act)//,ai/AT^ Tt KaraKpvtfiew, exAA' avBiâ Trdvra Sdcraadai 120Krrjoiv oar)V TrroXiedpov Im^parov evrosaAAct TI 17 )U,ot TauTa <f>iXos SieAeârofj,tj fj,iv e'ya) /xei^ t/ca>//,at it6v, o Se //,' ov/coi)8e rt ju,' atSeaeTat, /CTeveet Se ^te yv\wov eovraavrcos <£? "J"6 yvvaiKa, erret /c' ciTro Teuêa Swaj. 125ou /neV Tret)? »*w ecrnv arro Spvos ouS' (XTTOTO) oapi^€fj,evai, a re rrapdevos rjtOeos re,Trapdevos rjtdeos T' oapiêrov dXXtjXouv.

1 Line 121 is omitted in the best MSS.1 This phrase (for which see Od. xix. 163) recurs a number

of times in Greek literature, and appears to be a quotationfrom an old folk-tale dealing with the origin of mankindfrom trees or stones.462


the city during this fatal night, when goodly Achillesarose. Howbeit I hearkened not—verily it had beenbetter far ! But now, seeing I have brought thehost to ruin in my blind folly, I have shame of theTrojans, and the Trojans' wives with trailing robes,lest haply some other baser man may say : ' Hector,trusting in his own might, brought ruin on the host.'So will they say ; but for me it were better far tomeet Achilles man to man and slay him, and so getme home, or myself perish gloriously before the city,Or what if I lay down my bossed shield and myheavy helm, and leaning my spear against the wall,go myself to meet peerless Achilles, and promisehim that Helen, and with her all the store of treasurethat Alexander brought in his hollow ships to Troy—the which was the beginning of strife—will wegive to the sons of Atreus to take away, and further-more and separate therefrom will make due divisionwith the Achaeans of all that this city holdeth ; andif thereafter I take from the Trojans an oath swornby the elders that they will hide nothing, but willdivide all in twain, even all the treasure that thelovely city holdeth within ? But why doth my heartthus hold converse with me ? Let it not be that Igo and draw nigh him, but he then pity me notnor anywise have reverence unto me, but slay meout of hand all unarmed; as I were a woman, whenI have put from me mine armour. In no wise mayI now from oak-tree or from rock 1 hold dalliance withhim, even as youth and maiden—youth and maiden ! 2

—hold dalliance one with the other. Better were it2 The repetition of the phrase seems best understood as

intended to mark the grim contrast between the real andthe imagined situation. It is not a mere trick of style.

4,63

HOMER

aur' eptSi ^vveXawepev O'TTIoTTTToreptt) Kev 'OAu/zTno? evftos 6pe£r)." 130

nO? opjâive pevajv, 6 8e ol crêSov ^Xdev 'tcro? 'EvuaAtoj, KopvOdiKicreia)V IIÂtaSa [JieAirjv Kara8eivrjv dp,([>l Be âA/co? eAaû,7rero et/ceAo?r} wpos olOoêvov r] rjeAiov OVLOVTOS. 135"E/cropa 8', a>? evorjcrev, e'Ae rpopos' otJS' ap' er'

Se TruAa? AiVe, j8^ 8eeTTopovae TTOCTI Kpanrvoiai6p€a<f)iv, eXa^poraros 7T€T€rjvajv,

/zero, rpripwva. rreXeiav, 140^ Se ^' vtraida ôêirai, c? S' eyyvOev 6£v XeXrjKOJS

erraicraei,, €\eeiv re e 6vfJ,os avwyei'ap' o y ep:fj,€fj,aa)S iOi>s Trerero, rpecre 8' "E/crto/a

VTTO Tpcoa>i^, Xai^pa Se yowar' eva)fj,a.01 8e rcapa aKomrjv /cat epiveov rjvefjLoevra 145retêo? aiet' vrreK KCLT* dfj,a£irov eaoevovro,Kpovvd) S' 'iKavov KaXXippoto • evda 8eSoiat avafcrcroucri ^tKOLndvSpov Siv?J yaev ycxp ^' vSaTL Xiapqj peei, dyiyverai, e^ avrfjs a»? et rrvpos alOopevoio • 15077 8* erepr] 6epei rrpopeei e'i'/cuta7} ^tovt ifjw%pfl, TI e£ v8aroevda 8' e?r' avrdatv rrXwol evpee$ eyyvs eaaiKaXol Xatvcoi, oQi etâra (riyaAdevraTrAwecrKTot1 Tpwtiov a'Aoôt KaXal re 6vy>arpes 155TO Trpii' €7r' elpTJvrjs, rrplv eXdeiv via? 'A.%aia>v.rfj pa irapaSpa/JLfT'rjv, (pevyajv, 6 S' omaOe SKOKCDV

464


to clash in strife with all speed ; let us know towhich of us twain the Olympian will vouchsafeglory."

So he pondered as he abode, and nigh to him cameAchilles, the peer of Enyalius, warrior of the wavinghelm, brandishing over his right shoulder the Pelianash, his terrible spear ; and all round about thebronze flashed like the gleam of blazing fire or of thesun as he riseth. But trembling gat hold of Hectorwhen he was ware of him, neither dared he any moreabide where he was, but left the gates behind him,and fled in fear; and the son of Peleus rushed afterhim, trusting in his fleetness of foot. As a falcon inthe mountains, swiftest of winged things, swoopethlightly after a trembling dove : she fleeth beforehim, and he hard at hand darteth ever at her withshrill cries, and his heart biddeth him seize her ;even so Achilles in his fury sped straight on, andHector fled beneath the wall of the Trojans, andplied his limbs swiftly. Past the place of watch, andthe wind-waved wild fig-tree they sped, ever awayfrom under the wall along the waggon-track, andcame to the two fair-flowing fountains, where wellup the two springs that feed eddying Scamander.The one floweth with warm water, and round abouta smoke goeth up therefrom as it were from a blazingfire, while the other even in summer floweth forthcold as hail or chill snow or ice that water formeth.And there hard by the selfsame springs are broadwashing-tanks, fair and wrought of stone, wherethe wives and fair daughters of the Trojans werewont to wash bright raiment of old in the time ofpeace, before the sons of the Achaeans came.Thereby they ran, one fleeing, and one pursuing.

VOL. ii 2 H 465

HOMER

Trpoade fjLev cadXos eêuye, St'co/ce 8e/zw /Wy* a/

KapTTaXifjUos, CTTCI ov% leprj'iov ov8e fioeLrjv

dpvvadrjv, a re TTOCTOW de#Aia yiyyerai av8/)a}i>,

cxAAa Tre/ot t/jvxtfs Oeov "E/cro/aos1 tTTTroSa/zoio.

CL)? S' 6V a.€6Xo(f)6poi TTCpl reppara fj,a>vv%€S ITTTTOI

a jLtctAa rpoj^cijcn • TO Se /ê'ya /ceirat aedXov,

oj? TO) Tî? ripia/zoio TToXiv TT€pi 8ivrj6^rr]v 165

Kap7TaXifj,oicn TrdSecrcrt • êot 8' e? iravres op&v-ro •

roiai 8e fjivdcov ^PX* ô-T^p ov^piov re $ecDv re*" CO TTOTTOt, 7^ <f>iXoV avSpO, SlCOKOHeVOV 7Tf.pl T€L%OS

o^daXfjiOLOiv opojpai- e//,6v 8' oXo<f>vp€Tai yrop

"E/CTO/50S1, 6V /iOl TToAAa fioOJV 6771 fJ*Tr]p" €K7]€V 170

"IS^? ev Kopv<f>fjcri. -noXviTTV-ôv , a'AAore 8'

ev TroAet aKpordrr) • vvv avre e 8109 'AîAAe

acrry 7re/3i Yipidôio noalv raêecrcrt Stco/cet.aAA' ayere <^pa£ecr0e, êoi, /cat [ArjTidaadelye jU.iv e/c davdroio aacocro/zet', iê û«> 'S^ 175

S^ 'A^tA^t Sa/zaao'o/zei' ecrdXov eovra."

S' ai^re TrpocreetTre êa yAau/ccoTrts1 '

" <3 Trdrep dpyiKepavve, /ceAati/eêV, oiot1 eav$pa Qvrjrov edvTa, TraAai rreTrpcofjievov aiaj],

ai/t edeXeis Oavdroio ftvcrrjxeos eâvaXvcrai ; 180

e)oS'' arap oy rot Trdvres €TraiV€op,€v deoi aXXoi."

Trjv 8' aTrafji€i^6fM€vos Trpocr€(f)Tf] VG

Zeus"" Bdpaei, TptroyeVeia, î'Aov TCKOS' ov vv ri466


In front a good man fled, but one mightier far pursuedhim swiftly ; for it was not for beast of sacrifice orfor bull's hide that they strove, such as are men'sprizes for swiftness of foot, but it was for the life ofhorse-taming Hector that they ran. And as whensingle-hooved horses that are winners of prizescourse swiftly about the turning-points, and somegreat prize is set forth, a tripod haply or a woman,in honour of a warrior that is dead ; even so thesetwain circled thrice with swift feet about the cityof Priam ; and all the gods gazed upon them. Thenamong these the father of men and gods wasfirst to speak : " Look you now, in sooth a well-loved man do mine eyes behold pursued aroundthe wall ; and my heart hath sorrow for Hector,who hath burned for me many thighs of oxenon the crests of many-ridged Ida, and at othertimes on the topmost citadel; but now again isgoodly Achilles pursuing him with swift feet aroundthe city of Priam. Nay then, come, ye gods, be-think you and take counsel whether we shall savehim from death, or now at length shall slay him,good man though he be, by the hand of Achilles,son of Peleus."

Then spake unto him the goddess, flashing-eyedAthene : " O Father, Lord of the bright lightningand of the dark cloud, what a word hast thou said !A man that is mortal, doomed long since by fate, artthou minded to deliver again from dolorous death ?Do as thou wilt; but be sure that we other godsassent not all thereto." •

Then in answer to her spake Zeus, the cloud-gatherer : " Be of good cheer, Tritogeneia, dearchild. In no wise do I speak with full purpose of

467

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rrp6(f>povi, fjivdeofjiai, efle'Aa) Se rot 177710? etratep£ov 07717 817 Tot voo? eVAero, /u/ryS' eV epwet." 185

"Q? eiTTcuv orpvve rrdpos /ze//,autav * hBrjvr]ftfj Se /car' OvXvfj,7roio Kapr]viov cufacra.

"E/CTopa 8' dcnrepxes K\ov4.wv eêrr' co/cu? '

to? 8' ore vefipov opecrfit KVCOV eXd<f)OLO St^rat,operas e^ eu^s", Sta r' ay/cea /cat Sta /3-)jcrcra$' 190TO^ §' ei' 77ep re Xddrjai, Karairrrjâs VTTOaAAa r' avtêuajv êei e/Z77e8op', o<ôa /cevcos1 "E/CTCo/o o?5 A^ê 77oSctJ/ceaocraa/a 8' op/z^crete irvXdcovdvTLOv dt£aodai ei/S/xTjrou? ^776 nvpyovs, 195€1 7TCO? Oi Kadv7T€p0€V dXd\KOL€V /SeAeeCTCTt,

Tocrcra/ct ^tv TTporrdpoiQev aTToaTptifjaaKe 7rapa<j)ddsrrpos TreStov awro? Se ?7ort 77roAto? Trerer' atet.co? S' ev oveipw ov Swarai fyevyovra SicoKeiv1

our' a/o* o TOV SwaTat VTrcxfrev'yeiv ovd* 6 SLO)Ketv 200co? o TOV 07) SwaTO /Jidpi/jai TToaiv, ouS' o? dXv£at.77oi? Se Key "E/cT6op Krjpas VTre^fivyev2 Oavdroio,et jU-Ty ot TTVftaTov TC /cat VCTTCLTOV T^WeT* 'A77oAAaji'tyyvQev, 05 ot errcopae yiteVo? Xaufjrjpd re yovva;Xaoiaiv 8' dveVeue /capâTt Sto? 'Ap^tAAeu?, 205ouS* e'a L€fjL€Vdi €7rl "E/CTOpt TTiKpd fteXefAva,[Ay TI? KuSo? apotTO ySaAcov, o' Se SeuTepo? eXOoi.dXX' ore 8rj TO reraprov eVt Kpovvovs dî


1 i.e. " escaped </m« /ar." "The first stage of the cata-strophe has ended ; there is a marked pause in the narrative.Hector has as a fact escaped Achilles in the chase — the very468


heart, but am minded to be kindly to thee. Do asthy pleasure is and hold thee back no more."

So saying he urged on Athene that was alreadyeager, and down from the peaks of Olympus she wentdarting.

But hard upon Hector pressed swift Achilles inceaseless pursuit. And as when on the mountains ahound rouseth from his covert the fawn of a deer andchaseth him through glens and glades, and thoughhe escape for a time, cowering beneath a thicket,yet doth the hound track him out and run ever onuntil he find him ; even so Hector escaped not theswift-footed son of Peleus. Oft as he strove to rushstraight for the Dardanian gates to gain the shelterof the well-built walls, if so be his fellows from abovemight succour him with missiles, so oft wouldAchilles be beforehand with him and turn him backtoward the plain, but himself sped on by the city'swalls. And as in a dream a man availeth not topursue one that fleeth before him—the one availethnot to flee, nor the other to pursue—even so Achillesavailed not to overtake Hector in his fleetness,neither Hector to escape. And how had Hectorescaped 1 the fates of death, but that Apollo, albeitfor the last and latest time, drew nigh him to rousehis strength and make swift his knees ? And tohis folk goodly Achilles made sign with a nod of hishead, and would not suffer them to hurl at Hectortheir bitter darts, lest another might smite him andwin glory, and himself come too late. But when forthe fourth time they were come to the springs, lo thenfield where the TroSas UKIJS would have expected mosteasily to surpass him. This is discreditable to Achilles if notexplained—the Greek poet must save the honour of theGreek hero " (Leaf, Iliad ii. 615).

469

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Kdl Tore 817 ^pucreta Trar^p ertrati/e raXavra,eV 8' eridei 8vo Krjpe TavÂeyeos1 Oavdroio, 21(TrjV (J,€V 'A^tAAÔS1, T^V 8' "E/CTOpOS" ITTTToSapiCHO,

e'A/ce Se jnecrcra AajScov peVe 8' "E/CTOpos1

a>Xero S* et? 'At'Sao, AtVev Se e OoijSos' '8' t«:av€ êd yAav/caims' 'Adr

u 8' Lara/jLevr] evrea iTTcpoevra TrpocnfjvBa,' 215T) vdit €0X770,, oiifiiXe (paiOLfj,' 'AîAAeui p,eya KV&OS 'Aâicucri TrpoTt vfjas,

"E/cropa S^cocravre ju.a^s' aarov rrep eovraov ol vvv ert y' ecrrt TrefivyfMevov appe yeveaouS' et /cej/ /zaAa TroAAd Traôt e/caepyos1 'A77oAAa>i> 2207rpO7rpoKvXtv86fj,€vo$ Trarpo? Atos-atytdôto.aAAa CTU /xev vw arrjdt /cat a/j,7TW€, rovoe 8' eyco TOI

TTCTTidrjcra) evavrifiiov /Ltaêcracrât."0ar' 'Adr^vaif], 6 8' eTreidero, Xa^P€ ^^ dvfJiat,

crri] 8' ap' e?7t fJieXif]? %aAKoyAco^ti/os' epeiaOzis. 225• S' apa TOV p-ev e'Aetzre, Kiôaro 8' "E/cropa SiovA^t'0o/8a) et/cyta Sepas Kal dretpea (frcovTJvdyxou 8' ioraju,eV/7 eVea Trrepoevra TrpoarjvSa-

" 'H0et', -^ yU-dAa 817 ae /3<,ex£eT<u COKV? 'A^tAAeu?,acrru Trept npiapôio TTOCTIV raêecrcrt Situ/ccDr' 230dAA' aye 817 area>fj,€V /cat aAefaû,ecr$a /xeVovre?."

' aure Trpoaeenre p-eya? KopvOaioXos "E/craip •of:?, -rj pev /zot TO rrdpos TroXv fyXraros tfaOa

ovs 'E/ca^ ^Se ITptaîos1 Te'/ce TratSas"w 8' eVi /cat fJidXXov voea> <f>peai TifArjaaadat, 235

1 Apparently as a symbol of his own death, Hector's fateis said to depart to the world of the dead.470


the Father lifted on high his golden scales, and settherein two fates of grievous death, one for Achilles,and one for horse-taming Hector ; then he graspedthe balance by the midst and raised it; and downsank the day of doom of Hector, and departed untoHades ;x and Phoebus Apollo left him. But untoPeleus' son came the goddess, flashing-eyed Athene,and drawing nigh she spake to him winged words :

" Now in good sooth, glorious Achilles, dear toZeus, have I hope that to the ships we twain shallbear off great glory for the Achaeans, having slainHector, insatiate of battle though he be ; for nowis it no more possible for him to escape us, nay, notthough Apollo, that worketh afar, should travailsore, grovelling before Father Zeus, that beareththe aegis. But do thou now stand, and get thybreath ; myself will I go and persuade yon warriorto do battle with thee man to man."

So spake Athene, and he obeyed and was glad atheart, and stood leaning upon his bronze-barbedspear of ash. But she left him, and came to goodlyHector in the likeness of Dei'phobus both in formand untiring voice; and drawing nigh she spake tohim winged words :

" Dear brother, full surely fleet Achilles doethviolence unto thee, chasing thee with swift feetaround the city of Priam. But come, let us stand,and abiding here ward off his onset."

Then spake to her great Hector of the flashinghelm : " Deiphobus, verily in time past thou wastfar the dearest of my brethren, that were born ofHecabe and Priam, but now I deem that I shallhonour thee in my heart even more, seeing thou

471

HOMER

os erXrjs eêv eive/c', eVet iSe? o<^#aA//,otcrt,rejects eêXdelv, aAAot 8* evroade jjtevovai."

Toy 8' avre rrpoaeetTre Ota yXavKaJms 'A.6ijvr]'rjdei', 77 IJL,€V TroAAa Trarrjp KOLL TroVvta /j,TJrrjp

Xicroov9y eêlijs yovvovpevoi, a/z^t 8' eratpot, 240av6i /mevew rotov yap VTrorpoêovatv aTravres"

dAA' epos eVSoî 6vfj,os ereipero irevOe'C Auypa).i/w 8' Idvs /J,ep,a.a)T€ p,aâ)fjieda} jti^Se rt Sovpcov

ecrra> êtSajA^, ii/a et'So/êv et /cev 'A^tAAevj

j/tt>i' KaraKTcivas evapa PpoToevra êprfrai 245vâ? eVt y\a.<f)vpds, y KGV <ra> Sovpl

"fi? (f>afj,evr] Kal KepSovvvr) yyTJoa

ol 8' ore Si) crêSw âav eV aAAÂoicrtv tdvre?,Tor Trporepos TTpoaeenre peyas xopvdaioXos "

" ov cr' ert, ITÂeos1 vie, ô^TJcroâc, a)s TO irapos irep 250rpls rrepl acrrv fj,eya Hpid/j,ov oiov, ovoe TTOT' erXrjv

€pxofJ,6vov • vvv avre pe 6v/j,6s dvfJK€dvria creto • e'Aoi/zt Ktv, r\ Kev dXoiyv.

aAA' aye Sevpo Oeovs emocbfjieda • rot yap apiaroi

jjidprvpoi kaaovrai /cat eTrtcr/coTrot apfinovidajv 055oy yap e'yco o1' eKirayXov deiKiaj, at /ce^ e^tot Zei)?8a>^ Ka[jbfj,ovLr)v, arjv 8e îv^v aê'Aa;//,afaAA' eTret a/) /ce ere cruAô-a) K\vra revê', 'veKpov 'Aâtotcrtv Sa>cra> -rraXiv a>s 8e cry pe

rp \ ^> >/ > f /o 50, \ / I /<£lov o ap vTToopa ioa)v •npoazyi) irooas

s1 ' 2601 Lit. " let us give one another our gods."

472


hast dared for my sake, when thine eyes beheld me,to come forth from out the wall, while the othersabide within."

To him then spake again the goddess, flashing-eyedAthene : " Dear brother, in sooth my father andqueenly mother, yea, and my comrades round aboutme, besought me much, entreating me each in turnthat I should abide there, in such wise do they alltremble before Achilles ; but my heart within mewas sore distressed with bitter grief. Howbeitnow let us charge straight at him and do battle,neither let there be anywise a sparing of spears, tothe end that we may know whether Achilles shallslay us twain, and bear our bloody spoils to the hollowships, or whether he shall haply be vanquished bythy spear."

By such words and by guile Athene led him on.And when they were come near as they advancedone against the other, then first unto Achilles spakegreat Hector of the glancing helm : " No longer,son of Peleus, will I flee from thee, as before Ithrice fled around the great city of Priam, nor everhad the heart to abide thy onset; but now againmy spirit biddeth me stand and face thee, whether Islay or be slain. But come hither, let us call thegods to witness,1 for they shall be the best witnessesand guardians of our covenant: I will do unto theeno foul despite, if Zeus grant me strength to outstaythee, and I take thy life ; but when I have strippedfrom thee thy glorious armour, Achilles, I will givethy dead body back to the Achaeans; and so toodo thou."

Then with an angry glance from beneath hisbrows spake unto him Achilles, swift of foot:

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" "E/CTop, fJiTJ jLtot, dXaare, awr)fj,oavvas dyopeue.co? OVK eon Aeouat /cat dvbpdaw op/cta TTLOTOL,ouSe Au/cot re /cat dpves opocfrpova Bvîov eôuatv,aAAa /ca/cd (fjpoveovai Sia/ZTrepe? dXXijXoioLV,ojs OVK ear' e/xe /cat ae (^tAT^teyat, ouSe TI t'coiV 265op/cta ecrcro^rat, TrptV y' ^ erepov ye Trecrot'Ta

daat "Apâ, TaXavpivov TToXefjuorTJv.dperfjs jLttjU^cr/ceo • vw ere /xaAar' e/zevat /cat dapaaXeov

" " > " fl> f ' \ / - > ' / < ? • ' TT \ \ <oi> rot er eaa UTTaAugt?, a<pap oe ere llaAAas1

'A8tfw) 270e'yêi ep,a» Sa/iaa* vw '8' ddpoa Trai^r' aTrortcret?/CT^Se* e/zaV eVapwv, ouj e/crave? eyêi' 6va>v."

TH p'a, /cat a/zTreTzaAcov Trpotei SoAtôcr/ctov e'yô?*/cat TO jitev avra tScut* Âeuaro ât'St/zos1 "E/crcop •eêro yap Trpot'Swt', TO 8' VTrepTrraro âA/ceov eyô?, 275eV yatTj 8' CTrayTj* ava 8' rfpnaae. \\aX\as 'A^vry,ai/t 8' 'A^tA^t 8t'8ou, Aaê 8' "E/cTopa, Trot/xeVa Aaaif."E/CTaip Se 7rpoo€€i7T€v ap;v/xova IlryAet'cova'" i^'jLtjSpoTe?, ouS' apa TTOJ TI, êofe 67rtet/ceA' 'A^tA-

Aeu,e/< Atoj êt'STj? TOV e)Ltw p,opov TJ TOI e^s1 ye' 280aAAa Tt? dpTi€7rr]s /cat eVt/cAo770? eVAeootfipa a' UTToSSetaa? pêVeo? dA/c^s1 T€ Xov jtteV juot favyovTi pera^peva) ev SopuaAA' tûs1 /ie/xaaiTt 8ta ar^9ô(j>tv eXaaaov,et TOI e'Sto/ce êos" vw at5r' e/Ltov eyô? aAeuat 285âA/ceov a»s 8^ j^t^ crw ei' ^j°°t way /co/itaato.474


" Hector, talk not to me, thou madman, of covenants.As between lions and men there are no oaths offaith, nor do wolves and lambs have hearts of concordbut are evil-minded continually one against theother, even so is it not possible for thee and me tobe friends, neither shall there be oaths between ustill one or the other shall have fallen, and gluttedwith his blood Ares, the warrior with tough shieldof hide. Bethink thee of all manner of valour:now in good sooth it behoveth thee to quit thee asa spearman and a dauntless warrior. No more isthere any escape for thee, but forthwith shall PallasAthene lay thee low by my spear. Now shalt thoupay back the full price of all my sorrows for mycomrades, whom thou didst slay when raging withthy spear."

He spake, and poised his far-shadowing spear, andhurled it; howbeit glorious Hector, looking steadilyat him, avoided it; for he was ware of it in timeand crouched, and the spear of bronze flew over, andfixed itself in the earth ; but Pallas Athene caughtit up, and gave it back to Achilles, unseen of Hector,shepherd of the host. And Hector spake unto thepeerless son of Peleus : " Thou hast missed, neitherin any wise, as it seemeth, O Achilles like to the gods,hast thou yet known from Zeus of my doom, thoughverily thou thoughtest it. Howbeit thou wast butglib of tongue and a cunning knave in speech, to theend that seized with fear of thee I might be forgetfulof my might and my valour. Not as I flee shalt thouplant thy spear in my back ; nay, as I charge uponthee drive thou it straight through my breast, if agod hath vouchsafed thee this. Now in turn avoidthou my spear of bronze. Would that thou mightest

475

HOMER

/cat Kev eXafiporepos 7rdAep;o? Tpcoecrcri yeVoiroaeto KaTatfrOifjievoio' av yap o(f>iai Trrjfjia peyiarov."

^H pa, /cat a//-77e7raAa)v rrpotet SoAixdo7aoi> eyô?,icat /JdAe IT-xiAe'iSao fieaov crd/co? ouS' d</>ap,apre' 290TTÂe 8' ctTreTrAayx^Tj aa/ceo? Sdpu. ^coaaro §'

"E/crcoporrt pa ot jSe'Aos1 cu/cu eraxnov e/ccûye

T 8e Karri<f>ricra?, oi5S' aAA' e%e /S' e/caAet Aei»/cacr77t8a jjiaKpov avaas'

e /xtv 8o/>u />ta/cpdv d 8' ou rt ot eyyvdev fyv 2958' eyvco T^crtv evt <j)p€ai (f)0)vr)crev re*

" to TroTTOt, T^ juaAa STJ yue êot Odvarovfte /caAecrcrav*hr]'i(j)o/3ov yap eyc6 y' eâ/u,7jv i^pcoa TrapetmraAA' d jiiev ei/ retêt, e/j,e 8' eâTrdrrjaev 'A.0rjvr).vvv 8e 8-^ eyyvQi poi ddvaros /ca/cd?, ouS' eV avevdev, 399ouS' dAery • T^ yap pa TraAat rd ye (f)L\T€pov TêvZryvt re /cat Aid? fit e/c^dAa», ot ju,e Trdpos yeirp6(f)poves elpvaro' vvv avre yue /ôipaju,i7 /iai> daTTOuSt ye /cat d/cAetcD? 0,770aAAa jLte'ya p'e|a? rt /cat ecrcro/xeVotcrt TTvQtaQa.L."

"fl? apa <f)O)VTJo-as eiptJacraro (frdo-yavov o£v,TO ol VTTO XaTrdpyv reVaro jLteya re crrt^Sapdv re,OLfjifjaev Se dAet? w? r' aterd? ui/UTrerêis1,o? r' eicrtv TreStovSe Sta v€<f>€O)v epefievvwvap7rd£a)v rj apv* dfJiaXr^v 7} 7rrtD/ca Aaycodt''ca? "E/crcop ol/i7âe rwdaaaiv <j)dcryavov o£v.opurjOr] 8* 'AîAeuj, [teveos 8' ep;7rA7jaarodypiov, 7rp6o-6ev 8e aa/co? crrepvoto Ka476


take it all into thy flesh ! So would war be lighterfor the Trojans, if thou wert but dead ; for thou arttheir greatest bane."

He spake, and poised his far-shadowing spear andhurled it, and smote full upon the shield of the sonof Peleus, and missed him not; but far from theshield the spear leapt back. And Hector waxedwroth for that the swift shaft had flown vainly fromhis hand, and he stood confounded, for he had nosecond spear of ash. Then he shouted aloud, andcalled to Dei'phobus of the white shield, and asked ofhim a long spear ; but he was nowise nigh. AndHector knew all in his heart, and spake, saying :" Out upon it, in good sooth have the gods called meto my death. For I deemed that the warriorDei'phobus was at hand, but lo, he is within the wall,and Athene hath beguiled me. Now of a surety isevil death nigh at hand, and no more afar from me,neither is there way of escape. So I ween from ofold was the good pleasure of Zeus, and of the son ofZeus, the god that smiteth afar, even of them thataforetime were wont to succour me with readyhearts ; but now again is my doom come upon me.Nay, but not without a struggle let me die, neitheringloriously, but in the working of some great deedfor the hearing of men that are yet to be."

So saying, he drew his sharp sword that hungbeside his flank, a great sword and a mighty, andgathering himself together swooped like an eagleof lofty flight that darteth to the plain through thedark clouds to seize a tender lamb or a coweringhare; even so Hector swooped, brandishing hissharp sword. And Achilles rushed upon him, hisheart full of savage wrath, and before his breast he

477

HOMER

KaXov SaiSaAeov, Kopvdi 8' err4.ve.vf. <f>a€ivfjKaXal Se Trepto-aeiovTO edeipat 315

i, a? "HâiCTTos1 let A6(f>ov d/z</>i âfteias'.1

ofo? 8' acrTTjp eicri jiter' aarpdai VVKTOS d/ioAya>", o? AcaAAioro? ev ovpavu) icrrarat acmyp,

aTreAa/ATT* eu-^/ceo?, -^v ap* 'A^tAAeusi.T€pfj (frpovzajv KO.KOV "E/cropi 8to), 320

eiVopocuv XP°a KaAov, OTTTy eiêie jU/aAtora.TOU 8e Kat d'AAo roaov p,evKaAa, TO, IlaTpo/<Aoto ^tTjv empire(fxtivero 8' ^ /cAîSe? ex.??' CO/XCDV av%€v' e)(ov(n,XavKaviyv, Iva re ifjvx?js (JJKLOTTOS oXedpos' 325TT^ p' evrt 01 fjiefjLaaJT* eAacr'dvrtKpv 8* aTraAoto 8t' auêVo? TJXvO*ouS' a/>' O.TT' dcrâpayov /xeAtTy rajue

Tt jLttV 77pOTiet7TOt d[J,€lf36p€VOS

8' ev Kovirjs' 6 8' eTrevâro Sto? *A%tAAeJs"E/crop, arctp 77ou e^rjs1 E[aTpo/cA^' etfevapiâiv

» /p » X P . > > ( N \ > / V / / ' /ecraecro , e/ie o ouoe^ 07714^0 voacpiv eovra,' TOLO 8' avzvdev aoacrrjTrjp

vr/valv €7Ti yXa(j>vpfjcnv eycbo? TOI yowar' e'Ayaa. ere /xev KVV€$ i]S' otcovot 335eA/cTJoroua' ai'/ca;?, TOV 8e KTtpiovaiv 'Aâtot."

Tov 8' oAiyoSpavecov* vrpocre^Ty Kopvda(,oXo$ "E/c-

Atcrcroju,' yTre/3 ifjvxfjs Kal yovvtav aaiv re,7^ jtie ea Trapa vrjucri KVVO.S /cara8ai/(at

1 Line 316 ( = xix. 383) is omitted in the best MSS.2 Line 329 was rejected by Aristarchus.

478


made a covering of his shield, fair and richly-dight,and tossed his bright four-horned helm ; and fairabout it waved the plumes wrought of gold, thatHephaestus had set thick about the crest. As a stargoeth forth amid stars in the darkness of night, thestar of evening, that is set in heaven as the fairestof all; even so went forth a gleam from the keenspear that Achilles poised in his right hand, as hedevised evil for goodly Hector, looking the whileupon his fair flesh to find where it was most open toa blow. Now all the rest of his flesh was coveredby the armour of bronze, the goodly armour thathe had stripped from mighty Patroclus when heslew him ; but there was an opening where the collarbones part the neck and shoulders, even the gullet,where destruction of life cometh most speedily ;even there, as he rushed upon him, goodly Achilleslet drive with his spear ; and clean out through thetender neck went the point. Howbeit the ashenspear, heavy with bronze, clave not the windpipe, tothe end that he might yet make answer and speakunto his foe. Then fell he in the dust, and goodlyAchilles exulted over him ; " Hector, thou thoughtest,I ween, whilst thou wast spoiling Patroclus, that thouwouldest be safe, and hadst no thought of me thatwas afar, thou fool. Far from him a helper, mightierfar, was left behind at the hollow ships, even I, thathave loosed thy knees. Thee shall dogs and birdsrend in unseemly wise, but to him shall the Achaeansgive burial."

Then, his strength all spent, spake to him Hectorof the flashing helm : "I implore thee by thy lifeand knees and parents, suffer me not to be devouredof dogs by the ships of the Achaeans ; nay, take

479

HOMER

ctAAct av p,ev pâA/cdv re ciAt? ^pvaov re Se'Seô, 340Scopa rd rot Scoaoucrt Trarrjp /cat Trorvia fjLrjT-rjp,

8e ot'/caS' CjLtov Sd/zevat TraAtv, 6'^pa rrvpos jêr /cat Tpcocov aAoôt AeAa^cucrt âvovra."

nn \ <>> u y e "$ )<$ \ i I /<jiov o ap VTTOopa tocov Trpoaecpr) Trooa?

" jtAT^ //,e, KVOV, yovvatv yowcxêo jU-7j§e ro/ojcoi'. 345at yap TTCO? avrov jite juevo? «at Qvôs aveit]CO/A' a,7TOTa/zvo//,evo^ /cpea eb/Jbevai, ola eopya?,cos ou/c ecr^' 6V cnj? ye Kwa? K€^>aXrjs (XTraAaA/cot,oi58' ei Krev1 Se/ca/ct? re /cat et/cocrtv^ptT' arrowaCTTTJcrcoo1' €v6d?)* ayovres, vTroa^cuvrru 8e /cat aAAa, 350owS' et AceV a' aurov %pvau) epvaaadac dvcoyot

Tj? Il/aiaô?* 01)8' co? ere ye TTOTVIOL nijrripAepêeaat yoâerat, w re/cei^ a7;r7j,

clAAa, Kvves T€ /cat otcovot /cara Travra, Sacrovrat."Tov 8e KaTaOvTrjcrKCDV IT poorely KOpvdaioXos "E/c-

Tcop • 355" 7] cr' eu ytyvcocr/ccov Trportoacro/xat, ovS' ctp' e//,eAAovTret'creiv ^ yd/o crot ye atSTjpeo? ef (^pecrt1 6vp,6$.

O vvv, 17 rot rt 0ea)v jU/^vijLtTO) ore /ceV ere napt? /cat Ootô? '

eadXov eovr' oAe'ercocriv evt S/catât TrvAyaiv." 360"Qs expa /uv etTTtWa re'Aos1 âvaroto /caAvi/fe,

i/a/! 8' e/c peOeaiv irrafjievr) "At'SocrSe jSeyS^/cet,6V TTOT/XOV yodcocfa, AITTOUCT' avBporijra /cat, ^/3-rjV.TOV /cat redvrjojra Trpoa'rjvSa Stos 'A^tAAews"" redvadt,' Krjpa 8' eyco Tore Se'foyuat, c>7r77ore /cev 8- 36flZeu? IdeXrj reAe'crat 7^8' addvaroi deol aAAot."

480


thou store of bronze and gold, gifts that my fatherand queenly mother shall give thee, but my bodygive thou back to my home, that the Trojans andthe Trojans' wives may give me my due meed of firein my death."

Then with an angry glance from beneath his browsspake unto him Achilles swift of foot : " Imploreme not, dog, by knees or parents. Would that inany wise wrath and fury might bid me carvethy flesh and myself eat it raw, because of whatthou hast wrought, as surely as there lives no manthat shall ward off the dogs from thy head; nay,not though they should bring hither and weigh outransom ten-fold, aye, twenty-fold, and should promiseyet more ; nay, not though Priam, son of Dardanus,should bid pay thy weight in gold ; not even so shallthy queenly mother lay thee on a bier and makelament for thee, the son herself did bear, but dogsand birds shall devour thee utterly."

Then even in dying spake unto him Hector of theflashing helm : " Verily I know thee well, and for-bode what shall be, neither was it to be that I shouldpersuade thee ; of a truth the heart in thy breastis of iron. Bethink thee now lest haply I bring thewrath of the gods upon thee on the day when Parisand Phoebus Apollo shall slay thee, valorous thoughthou art, at the Scaean gate."

Even as he thus spake the end of death enfoldedhim and his soul fleeting from his limbs was gone toHades, bewailing her fate, leaving manliness andyouth. And to him even in his death spake goodlyAchilles : " Lie thou dead ; my fate will I acceptwhenso Zeus willeth to bring it to pass and the otherimmortal gods."

VOL. II 2 I 481

HOMER

*H p'a, /cat e/c veKpolo epvaaaro/cat TO y* avevdev eî]^', d 8' 0.77' (JJJJLCDV reuê' ecruAaaipiaToevT'' d'AAot 8e TreptSpap.ot' utej 'Aâtaiv,ot /cat OrjrjaavTO ^>vriv /cat etSo? dyrjToV 370"E/cropos" ou8' apa ot rt? dvovrrjri ye Trapearrj.(Loe oe TLS elTT€OK€V I8ojv e'? TrXrôiov aXXov

to TTOTTOI, 17 fidXa 817 jLtaAa/cojrepo? d[M(f)a(f)daa9ai} ore rrja? eveVpTjcre^1 77Upt /crÂea;."

apa rts1 etVea/ce /cat ourâacr/ce -napacrrds' 3758' eVet efevapt^-e TroSdp/CTj? 810? 'A^tAAeJ?,

•as eV 'Aâtotfftj/ eTrea Trrepoevr' dyopevev

eVet Si) roi^S' dVSpa êot Sa/zao'aaât e'o? /ca/ca TToAA' zppeêv, ocr' ou av^-navres ot d'AAot, 380et S' dyer' a/z0t 77oAtv ayv reuêcrt TreLpycxj>pa. K ert yvai/zev Tpo)a>v voov, 6V rtv'r) KaraXeiôvcriv rroXw aKprjv rouSerJ€ fj,ev€iv jLte/xaacrt /cat "E/cropo?dAAa. Tt T^ juot ravra (f>iXo$ SteAe'âro dvfios; 385/cetrat Trap vqeaoi VCKVS d/cAauros1 aOa-rrTos,TlaTpo/cAos" rot? 8' ou/c eVtAô-o/iat, o<^p' aV eyc6 ye^cootcrtv jLtereco /cat /xot ^t'Aa yowar' dpaJpr^ <3

et 8e davovrwv ?rep /caraATjô^r' etv 'At'Sao,avrdp eyco /cat /cet$t <f>iXov jae/iv^cro/z' erat'poy. 390vw 8' ay' dei'Sovres1 Tratôva, /coupot 'vrjvaiv CTTI yAaûpTât vetbfjieda, rdvSe 8' a

1 £v£irpri<rev : tvejrpriOev.2 Line 378 was given by Zenodotus in the form,

'ArpeiSi] re /cat #\Acu dpitrrrjes Hava'x.a.i.ui',

482


He spake, and from the corpse drew forth hisspear of bronze and laid it aside, and set him to stripfrom the shoulders the blood-stained armour. Andthe other sons of the Achaeans ran up round about,and gazed upon the stature and wondrous comelinessof Hector, neither did any draw nigh but dealt hima wound. And thus would one speak, with a lookat his neighbour : " Look you, in good sooth softeris Hector for the handling now than when he burnedthe ships with blazing fire." Thus would onespeak, and drawing nigh would deal a wound. Butwhen goodly Achilles, swift of foot, had despoiledhim, then stood he up among the Achaeans and spakewinged words : " My friends, leaders and rulers ofthe Argives, seeing the gods have vouchsafed us toslay this man, that hath wrought much evil beyondall the host of the others, come, let us make trialin arms about the city, to the end that we may yetfurther know what purpose the Trojans have in mind,whether they will leave their high city now that thisman is fallen, or whether they are minded to abide,even though Hector be no more. But why doth myheart thus hold converse with me ? There liethby the ships a dead man unwept, unburied, evenPatroclus ; him will I not forget so long as I abideamong the living, and my knees are quick. Nay, ifeven in the house of Hades men forget their dead,yet will I even there remember my dear comrade.But come, singing our song of victory, ye sons ofthe Achaeans, let us go back to the hollow ships andbring thither this corpse. We have won us great

s Line 388 is given by some MSS. in the form,i fj.treiu-

483

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AcuSos" eiT€(f)VOfjiev "E/cropa Stov,1

& Tpates Kara dcrrv 6ea> a>s evêrocovro."*H p'a, /cat "E/cropa otov det/cea /x^Sero epya. 395

d/jufrorepojv //,ero7ucr$e TroStth' rerprjve revovrees a(pvpov e/c rrrepvrjs, fioeovs 8' e^rjirrev Ipdvras,

» c. / / o> vo. / i^» w\ /) >'e/< OLcppOLO o eorjae, /cap?] o eA/ceo"C/at eacrci''es1 oL<f)pov 8' dvaflds dva re /cAurd refpê aetpa?p,daTi£ev p' eXdav, rco 8' ow/c deKOvre rfeTeaQrjV. 400rou 8' T^V eXKOfJievoio KoviaaXos, d/ju^Kvdveai rrirvavro, Kaprj 8' a?7a^ eV/cetro rfdpos xaP^€V' ror^ 8e Zeu? Sucr^teêecrcrt8co/cev deu<iacrao~dai efj ev rrarpioi, yo-iji.

°Qs rou /7,e^ /ce/cdvtro Kaprj drfav TJ 8e vu jLtT^r^p 405rt'AAe K0fjir]v, drro 8e AiTrap-^v eppufse KaXvrrrprjv

KO)KVo~ev 8e /xaAa jLteya 77at8' ecrtSouo-a.8' eAeetva Trarrjp fiiXos, d/x^t 8e Aaot

KO)Kvra> r' ei'ôvro /cat otp-coy^ /cara darv.ra> Se jtidAtcrr' ap' e^v eWAt'y/ciov, co? et arraaa 410"lAto? d^pvoeaaa rrvpi, cr/xuôtro /carAaot /xeV pa yepovra (j,6yis zyoveêXdew p:e/xacora TTfAacov AapSa^tdcov.rrdvras 8e Atrdveue /cuA^So/zevo? /cara Korrpov,

ovoâîov civopa eKa.o~rov 415E, <pt,Xoi, /cat ju-' otov edaare /c?^8op:evot2 vrep

TToATyo? i/cecr^' eVt v1Ât'cracop,' dvepa rovrov drdadaXov o/•^V 77OJS" rjXiKLrjv atSeacrerai 7^8' eXeijarj

1 Lines 393 f. were rejected by Aristarchus.2 K-rjSo/j.ei'oi Aristarchus: Kt)5t>iJ.evov.


glory ; we have slain goodly Hector, to whom theTrojans made prayer throughout their city, as untoa god."

He spake, and devised foul entreatment for goodlyHector. The tendons of both his feet behind hepierced from heel to ankle, and made fast there-through thongs of oxhide, and bound them to hischariot, but left the head to trail. Then when hehad mounted his car and had lifted therein theglorious armour, he touched the horses with the lashto start them, and nothing loath the pair spedonward. And from Hector as he was dragged thedust rose up, and on either side his dark hair flowedoutspread, and all in the dust lay the head that wasbefore so fair ; but now had Zeus given him over tohis foes to suffer foul entreatment in his own nativeland.

So was his head all befouled with dust ; but hismother tore her hair and from her flung far hergleaming veil and uttered a cry exceeding loud atsight of her son. And a piteous groan did his fatherutter, and around them the folk was holden of wailingand groaning throughout the city. Most like tothis was it as though all beetling Ilios were utterlyburning with fire. And the folk had much ado tohold back the old man in his frenzy, fain as he was togo forth from the Dardanian gates. To all he madeprayer, grovelling the while in the filth, and callingon each man by name : " Withhold, my friends, andsuffer me for all your love to go forth from thecity alone, and hie me to the ships of the Achaeans.I will make prayer to yon ruthless man, yon workerof violence, if so be he may have shame before hisfellows and have pity on my old age. He too, I

485

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yfjpa$- /cat Se vv ra> ye Trarrjp TOLoaoe rervKrai, 420TirjXevs, o$ [iiv en/ere /cat erp€<f>e TTTîa yeveadaiTpojai' fjidXtora S' eâot Trepl Trdvrtov aAye' erooaovs yap JJLOI rralSas aW/craêTtov Trdvrwv ov roaaov oSypo/iat aa)S evo$, 08 i^ dôs 6£v Karoiaerai "Ai'So? etcra), 425"EiKTopof cos O(f)6\€V daveeiv ev %epcriv efJifjai'ra> K6 Kop€aodfjL60a K\aiovre re fj,vpofj,eva) re,[ATJrrjp 6' , rj fj,iv ert/cre Svcrdpfj,opos, rjS' eyco avros."

"0? eâro K\aia)v, em 8e arevdôvro TroXirafTpa>fjaw §' 'EiKafiir] dSivov e£fjp%€ yooio' 430" TeKvov, eya) SetA^-rt vv êLoâi alvd TraOovaa,1

aev aTTored^tjiJTOs; o JJ.OL VVKTJZS re KOL ypapev^coXr] Kara darv TreAecr/ceo, Tracri T' ovetapTpwai re /cat Tpwfjcn Kara rrroXiv, ol ere Oeov a>sSeiSeâr' • 7^ yap /cat atf)i (j,d\a fj,cya Kv8os erjada 435£,coos €a>v vvv av Odvaros /cat fj,oipa Ktydvei."

"D? €<f>aro AcAatoucr', a'Aoô? 8' oy TTW rt rrenvaro"E/croyoo? • o?5 yap ot rt? errirvôs ayyeXos eXdwvTJyyeiX* OTTL pd ol Trocns €KroQi fj,ifj,ve TrvXdojv,dXX' r\ y' larov yâtve ftfâ) o6fj,ov vi/frjXoto 440StVAa/ca Tcop(f)Vperiv, ev 8e dpova TTOt/ci'A' e

/ce/cAero S' d{ji(f)i7r6Xoio~iv ei/TrAo/cayuots1 /cara

OepfJid, Xoerpd fjid^r/s e/c voarrfaavri,rj, ovS' evorfaev o piv yiiaAa TTÂc Xoerpojv 445

•%epaiv 'A^tAAôs1 Sct/âae yAay/cajTT-t? 'A^^.KOJKVTOV 8' rjKovae /cat oifjiwyYJs avro irvpyov

1 TraOoucra. ; reKoOffa Aristarchus.486


ween, hath a father such as I am, even Peleus, thatbegat him and reared him to be a bane to Trojans ;but above all others hath he brought woe upon me,so many sons of mine hath he slain in their prime.Yet for them all I mourn not so much, despite mygrief, as for one only, sharp grief for whom will bringme down to the house of Hades—even for Hector.Ah, would he had died in my arms ; then had wetaken our fill of weeping and wailing, the motherthat bare him to her sorrow, and myself."

So spake he weeping, and thereto the townsfolkadded their laments. And among the womenof Troy Hecabe led the vehement lamentation:" My child, ah woe is me ! How shall I live inmy sore anguish, now thou art dead ?—thou thatwast my boast night and day in the city, and ablessing to all, both to the men and women of Troythroughout the town, who ever greeted thee as agod ; for verily thou wast to them a glory exceedinggreat, while yet thou livedst; but now death andfate are come upon thee."

So spake she weeping; but the wife knew naught asyet—the wife of Hector—for no true messenger hadcome to tell her that her husband abode without thegates ; but she was weaving a web in the innermostpart of the lofty house, a purple web of double fold,and therein was broidering flowers of varied hue.And she called to her fair-tressed handmaids throughthe house to set a great tripod on the fire, to the endthat there should be a hot bath for Hector whenso hereturned from out the battle—unwitting one, neitherwist she anywise that far from all baths flashing-eyed Athene had laid him low by the hand ofAchilles. But the shrieks she heard and the groan-

487

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Trjs S' eXeXi^drj yvla, â/u,at Se' ol e/CTreae

rj 8* avris 8pq)fjo'ii> euTrAo/cdôtcn /zer^ySa •

" 8evT6, 8va> fjioi eneadov, t'Sa>/x' 6'rtv' epya rervKrat. 450

al8oLr]s GKUprjs OTTOS €i<Xvov, eV S' ep;oi avrfi

cmjdecn TraAAerai rjrop dvd arofj,a, vepOe Se yowa

TTriyvvTai,- eyyvs §17 Tt KOLKOV IlpidfAoio re/ceacrtj/.

at yap a?/ ovaTos e'fy e/zeu em)?' aAAa yuaA' alvais

SetSa) jLti^ 877 yuot dpaavv "EiKTOpa Sto? 'A^tAAev? 455

p,ovvov dTTOT[ji,TJ£a$ TToAto? vreS/o^Se Siiyrat,

/cat ST^ /u.ii' KaTaTTdvffrj dyrivopirjs dXeyewrjs,

rj fjnv eêcr/c', eVet ou TTOT' eVt TrXrjdvL pevev dv8pa>vf

aAAa TToAu 7rpo0€€crKe, TO ov /ue'vo? oySevt ei/cajv."

Sieacrvro yttatvaSt tar^, 460

S' d/u,^t77oAot /ciot' avTrj.

avrap eVet rrvpyov re /cat dv8paJv l£ev ojJuXov,

ecrrrj TtaTrTr}vaa> eVi ret' ei', TOV 8' evorjoev

e'A/co/u.evot' npoadev noXios' raê'e? Se' /u,tv ITTTTOI

€.\KOV a/o^Secmos' KoiXas em vfjas 'AâtcDt'. 465

TI^ Se /car' o(f)0aX/j(,a>v epefievvrj vvt; eKdXvijJtv,

ijpnre 8' e£omaa), dyro Se tpv^rji' eKairvocre.

TTjXe o' aTTo Kparos fidXe1 Sea/âra crtyaAoevra,

Kexpv(j)aX6v T€ t'Se TrAe/cr^v avaSe'a/x^v

0 pa ot ScD/ce xpvaerj 'A^poStTT^ 479

TO) ore yiuj' KopvdacoXos rjydyzQ' "E/crct)/o

• e'/c 86fj,ov 'HeTtcovos1, eTret 77Ope fj,vpia e'Sva.

ajU,^t Se' /u,tj> yaAow re /cat etVarepes1 d'At? earav,1 /SciXe Aristarchus: xê-

488


ings from the wall, and her limbs reeled, and fromher hand the shuttle fell to earth. Then she spakeagain among her fair-tressed handmaids : " Comehither two of you, and follow me, let me see whatdeeds have been wrought. It was the voice of myhusband's honoured mother that I heard, and inmine own breast rny heart leapeth to my mouth,and beneath me my knees are numbed ; vei'ily hardat hand is some evil thing for the children of Priam.Far from my ear be the word, but sorely am I afraidlest to my sorrow goodly Achilles may have cut offfrom the city bold Hector by himself alone, and havedriven him to the plain, aye, and have by now madehim to cease from the baneful valour that possessedhim; seeing he would never abide in the throng ofmen, but would ever charge far to the front, yieldingto no man in his might."

So saying she hasted through the hall with throb-bing heart as one beside herself, and with her wenther handmaidens. But when she was come to the walland the throng of men, then on the wall she stoppedand looked, and was ware of him as he was draggedbefore the city ; and swift horses were dragging himruthlessly toward the hollow ships of the Achaeans.Then down over her eyes came the darkness of night,and enfolded her, and she fell backward and gaspedforth her spirit. Far from off her head she cast thebright attiring thereof, the frontlet and coif andkerchief and woven band, and the veil that goldenAphrodite had given her on the day when Hector ofthe flashing helm led her as his bride forth from thehouse of Ee'tion, after he had brought bride-gifts pastcounting. And round about her came thronging herhusband's sisters and his brothers' wives, who bare

489

HOMER

at e /jLera &(f>iaiv eixov drvôfievrjv anoXeadai.rj 8' eVet ovv e/j,TTVvro /cat eV (frpeva 6v/j,os dyepdi], 475d{A/3Xr]8r]v yooaxra ûera Tpajfjoiv eenrev" "E/crop, eya> Bvcrr^vos' if] apa ytyw/xe#'dfjiôrepoi, av fj,6i> eV Tpoir) Tlpidpov Kara.avrdp eyco ©^âiv VTTO TlXaKto vXrjeaar/iv 8o/za) 'HeTtcovo?, o /u,' erpeê -rvrOov iovaav, 480Svapopos alvoôpov cos1 ^T) cufieXXe reKeadai.vvv Se crv p,€V 'AtSao SofJiovs vrro /ceuêcrt yatry?ejoêat, avrdp e//,e arvyepa) evl TrevOe'i AetTrei?Xf]pf\v eV //.eyapotcri • TTCU? S' en ^TTIO? avrais,ov T€Kop,€v av r eycu re Svad/j,/j,opoi, • oure au rovno 485eacreat, "E/crop, oveiap, eVet Odves, ovre ool OVTOS.TJV irep yap 7TO\€p,6v ye <f>vyr] rroXyâKpvv 'AâicD^,1

atet TOI TOVTO) ye TTOVOS KO! /CT^Se' oTTicraojecraovr* ' dXXoi yap ot dTrovprfaovcnv2 apovpas.rftiap S' opfiaviKov TravafiijXiKa TratSa TiBrjcri' 490Trdvra 8' VTrofjiVTJfjiVKe, SeSa/cpuvrat 8e Trapeiai,BevofJLtvos Se' T' aVetfrt TratV e? Trarpos eraipovs,dXXov [lev %Xawir]s epvcw, dXXov 8e ^trcDôs"

8' IXerjcrdvTwv KorvXrjv TLS rvrdov eTrecrê,ea /Aev re St^v', V7T€pa)rjv 8' o?5/c e'StTjê. 495Se /cat d/j,(f>i0aXrjs e/c Satruo? earvfieXiê,iv 7re7rA^ya>? /cat ovetSetotcriJ' eviacrcov

€pp' ovrcos' ov 065 ye Traryp fjieraSaiVvrai rjp,Tv.'8a/cpuoet? 8e T' avetcrt Trot? es /A^repa XÎPW''Aarvdva^, os Trpiv p,€v eov CTTI yowaat -narpos 500pveXov oiov e'Seovce /cat otcDv TTIOVQ.avrdp 6'$' VTTVOS e'Aot, Traycratro re

1 Lines 487-499 were rejected by Aristarchus.2 aTrovpr/ffovffiv : airovpiaaovtnv.

1 Possibly, " wailing with deep sobs."490


her up in their midst, distraught even unto death.But when she revived, and her spirit was returnedinto her breast, then she lifted up her voice in wailing,1

and spake among the women of Troy : " Ah Hector,woe is me ! to one fate, it seemeth, were we born,both of us twain, thou in Troy in the house of Priam,and I in Thebe beneath wooded Placus in the houseof Eetion, who reared me when I was a babe, haplessfather of a cruel-fated child ; would God he hadnever begotten me. Now thou unto the house ofHades beneath the deeps of earth art departing, butme thou leavest in bitter grief, a widow in thy halls,and thy son is still a mere babe, the son born of theeand me in our haplessness ; nor shalt thou be anyprofit to him, Hector, seeing thou art dead, neitherhe to thee. For even though he escape the woefulwar of the Achaeans, yet shall his portion be labourand sorrow in the aftertime, for others will take awayhis lands. The day of orphanhood cutteth a childoff from the friends of his youth ; ever is his headbowed low, and his cheeks are bathed in tears, andin his need the child hieth him to his father's friends,plucking one by the cloak and another by the tunic ;and of them that are touched with pity, one holdethforth his cup for a moment : his lips he wetteth, buthis palate he wetteth not. And one whose fatherand mother yet live thrusteth him from the feastwith smiting of the hand, and chideth him withwords of reviling : ' Get thee gone, even as thouart ! No father of thine feasteth in our company.'Then in tears unto his widowed mother cometh backthe child—Astyanax, that aforetime on his father'sknees ate only marrow and the rich fat of sheep ;and when sleep came upon him and he ceased from

491

HOMER

* ev AeVrpoicru', Iv ay/caAiSeom ri0TJvr]S,

evvfj eVt /zaAaioy, 0aAe'a>t> e/ATrArycra/xevos' K7?/9.

i>w S' av 77oAAd TrdOriai, <j>L\ov arro rrarpos a/j,apra)v, 505

'Aarvdvat;, 6V' Tpcue? eTriK\r)oiv KoXeovow

OLOS yap acf)iv epvcro TrvXas Kal reiêa (j,aKpd.

vvv 8e ere [Atv Trapa vrjval Kopcoviat, vocr(f>i TOKijajv

aloXai euAat e'Sovrat, eVet Ke Kvves Kopeawvrai,

drdp rot ei/mr' evt )U,eyapotcrt Keovrat 510

re /cat âpievra, rervy/xeVa X€Pa''

aAA' -^ rot raSe Trdvra /caraÂefa; 7ry/)i

oOSei' crot y* o<f>e\o$, errel OVK ey/cetcreai» \ \ \ X rr-i / * T " .. / O \ /a/\Aa 77/Jos1 Lpaicov «at lpa»iaoa>^ /cAe

"Qs eâro KAatoua', eTTt Se orevd%ovTo yvvaiKes. 513

492


his childish play, then would he slumber on a couchin the arms of his nurse in his soft bed, his heartsatisfied with good things But now, seeing he haslost his dear father, he will suffer ills full many—myAstyanax, whom the Trojans call by this name 1 forthat thou alone didst save their gates and their highwalls. But now by the beaked ships far from thyparents shall writhing worms devour thee, when thedogs have had their fill, as thou liest a naked corpse ;yet in thy halls lieth raiment, finely-woven andfair, wrought by the hands of women. Howbeit allthese things will I verily burn in blazing fire—in nowise a profit unto thee, seeing thou shalt not lietherein, but to be an honour unto thee from themen and women of Troy."

So spake she weeping, and thereto the womenadded their laments.

1 See the note on vi. 403.

493

IAIAAOS T

.S ol fjiev oremôvro Kara TrroXw avrap'A%atot

t 817 vrjds T€ /cat 'EAAryoTrovTW IKOVTO,OL fj,ev ap' €GKi,8vavTo e^v em vfja e/cacrTos1,M-VpfJiioovas 8' OVK eta dTrooKiovaodaiaAA' o ye ot? erapotcrt ^>tAo7rroAe)Ltotcrt" MupyittSove? ra^vTTCoXoi, e/ôt epiypes ercupoi,fjir) or/ TTCO UTT' opêcr^t Xva)/J,e9a /Atovuâ? 177770^?,aAA' aurots1 i777rot<Tt /cat aipâaiv aaaov lovresHdrpoK\ov K\a,iojjji€V' o yap yepas ecrrt 6av6vrcov.avrap eTret /<:' oAooto TerapTrco/zecrâ yooto, 10Ircrrovs Xvadp,evoi 8op7njaopev evBdo

"O? e</>a#' , ot 8' ajyttcoâv doAAe'e?,

ot Se rpt? Trept veKpov evrpi%as TJXaaav LTTTTOVSfj,vp6fj,€VOL • /zero, 8e' cr<^t ©ert? yoou i/jiepov dtpae.oevovro ifjdp,adoi, Sevovro Se reupêa (f)a>ra)v 15oaKpvaf rolov yap trodeov fj,ijora>pa fyofloio.rotcrt 8e nÂet'STj? aStt-ov e' pê yooto,

eV dvopcxfiovovs' deêvos arrjdeacriv eraipovA101* ^ HaTpo/cAe, /cat etV 'Af8ao So/zoiaf

yap '87] rot reAe'a; TO, rrdpoidev V7T€o~rr]V, 20"E/cropa Seup' epvaas Scocretv Kvalv ayxa Sacraaât,

494

BOOK XXIII

Thus they made lamentation throughout the city;but the Achaeans, when they were come to the shipsand the Hellespont, scattered each man to his ownship ; howbeit the Myrmidons would Achilles nowisesuffer to be scattered, but spake among his war-loving comrades, saying : " Ye Myrmidons of fleetsteeds, my trusty comrades, let us not yet loose oursingle-hooved horses from their cars, but with horsesand chariots let us draw nigh and mourn Patroclus ;for that is the due of the dead. Then when we havetaken our fill of dire lamenting, we will unyoke ourhorses and sup here all together."

So spake he, and they raised the voice of wailingall with one accord, and Achilles was leader thereof.Then thrice about the corpse they drave their fair-maned steeds, mourning the while ; and among themThetis roused desire of wailing. Wetted were thesands and wetted the armour of the warriors withtheir tears ; so mighty a deviser of rout was he forwhom they mourned. And among them the sonof Peleus was leader in the vehement lamentation ;laying his man-slaying hands upon the breast ofhis comrade : " Hail, I bid thee, O Patroclus, evenin the house of Hades, for even now am I bringing tofulfilment all that aforetime I promised thee : thatI would drag Hector hither and give him raw unto

495

HOMER

SeuSe/ca Se rrpoirdpoiOe Trvprjs drfoêLporo[J,rjaeLVTpcbcov dyAad reKva, aeOev Krapevoio %oXa)deis."

*H pa, /cat "E/cTopa Stov det/cea p^Sero epya,Trprjvea Trap Aeêecrcrt MevoindSao raiwacras 25

Kovirjs' ot 8' eWe' dôTrAiôvTO e/cacrros1

cea iâpfJiaLpovra, Xvov 8' ui/»Tjêas'1 ITTTTOUS",8' f£oi' Trapa ^7]t TroSw/ceos" Ata/a'Sao

p,vpioi' avrap 6 rotat rd<f)ov pevoeiKea 8atVu.TroAAot /xei' /Joe? dpyot ope^deov d/x^>t criS^pai2 30<7(â£ojU,evcH, TioAAot 8' oiej /cat ju^KaSe? atyes"TvoAAot 8' dpyioSop'Te? ye?, daXedovres€VOÎ€VOL ravvovro Sta fiXoyos rH<âtcrTotTravrri 8' dfJi(j>L veKW KOTvXrjpVTov eppeev

Avrap rov ye avaKra. rroBcoKea TLrjAetojva 35eis 'Aya^teyLtvova Sto^ d'yov ftaaiXrjes 'cr7TOV$fj TTapireTriOovres eraipouol 8' ore 817 KXcairjv 'Aya/^

Kf]pVK6aai Atyuôyyoicrtt arrjaai rptVoSa [Meyav, el TremOoizv 49

v XovaaoOai O.TTO ftporovavrap o y rjpvelro arepews, em 8' opKov" ov pa Tifjv', os TLS re 6ea>v vrraros Kal apcaro?,ov deîis earl Xoerpa Kapyjaros aaaov ixeadai,,rrplv y evl TldrpoKXov Qeêvai rrvpl orj/j,d re êvai 45Keipaadai re KOfirjv, errei ov //,' ert Sewrepov c58eI' er' d' ;o? KpaSirjv, o<f>pa âjoicrt jLtereut).dAA' ^ TOI vw jitey crrvyepfj neiQd>êQa Sairt'

1 Xiyoi' 5' ui/');xâs : \VOVTO de [L&VVXCLS.2 Lines 30 f. were rejected by some ancient critics.

1 Others render " plunged."4-96

THE ILIAD, XXIII. 22-48

dogs to devour, and of twelve glorious sons of theTrojans would I cut the throats before thy pyre, inmy wrath at thy slaying."

He spake, and devised foul entreatment for goodlyHector, stretching him on his face in the dust beforethe bier of the son of Menoetius. And they put off,each man of them, their shining harness of bronze,and loosed their loud-neighing horses, and themselvessat down beside the ship of the swift-footed son ofAeacus, a countless host; and he made them afuneral feast to satisfy their hearts. Many sleekbulls bellowedl about the knife, as they wereslaughtered, many sheep and bleating goats, andmany white-tusked swine, rich with fat, werestretched to singe over the flame of Hephaestus ;and everywhere about the corpse the blood ran sothat one might dip cups therein.

But the prince, the swift-footed son of Peleus, wasled unto goodly Agamemnon by the chiefs of theAchaeans, that had much ado to persuade himthereto, so wroth at heart was he for his comrade.But when, as they went, they were come to the hutof Agamemnon, forthwith they bade clear-voicedheralds set upon the fire a great cauldron, if so bethey might persuade the son of Peleus to wash fromhim the bloody gore. But he steadfastly deniedthem, and sware an oath thereto : " Nay, verily byZeus, that is highest and best of gods, it may not bethat water should come nigh my head, until suchtime as I have laid Patroclus on the fire, and haveheaped him a barrow, and shorn my hair withal,since never more shall a second grief thus reach myheart, while yet I abide among the living. Howbeitfor this present let us yield us to the banquet we

VOL. II 2 K 497

HOMER

v 8' orpvvov, ava£ aT' dê'yLtevat Trapa re

eôvra veeaOai VTTO £,6<j)ov rjo<pp rj rot TOVTOV [lev eTTKÂeyTj aKOLfjiarov Trvpddoaov a-TT ofiOaX/Jicov, Aaot 8' eVt epya TpaTrcovTaL."

«O "J /l> « i>> v « / \ x \ / >i^»i2s- e<pac/ , ot o apa rov paAa /xei/ /cAuoi' TJOzmOovro.

S' apa SopTrov eÔTrAtcrcravTe? eVaarot 55', oOSe TI dvfjios eSeyero Satro? etcr^?.

aVTOLp CTTCL TTOCTIOS KO.I eS^TVOS €% €pOV €VTO,

ol /zev KaKKeiovres e/3av K\iair)v8e eKaoros,i'S^s1 S' e'm ^tvt 7roXv<j>Xoior/3oio 6a\daor)sp°apu arevd^cov, TroXeoiv persi Myp/xtSovecrcrt^, 60

ei/ Kadapa), odi KV/J,O.T' err' Tîovos /cAyêaKOV •€VT€ TOV VTTVOS e/ZapTTTe, AJcDt' /AeAeSTy/XaTO, QvfJLOV,

vrfivfAOS djJi(j)L-)(vOeLs — /zaAa. yap Aca/xe 0at'8t/za yyta"E/crop* €7Tataara)V -rrporl "lAiov rjvefjioeacrav —TÂê §' eTrt i/fyî] HarpoKXfjos SetAoco, 65Trai'r' aura) fieyedos T€ Kal 6fj,fj,aTa fcaA' et/cuta,«rat <f)a>VTJv, Kal roia Trepl xpoi et/xara earo'orrfj S' ap' i57Tep KecpaXrjs KCLL fjnv Trpos pvdov eenrev" euSet?, aurap e/ieto AeAacr/xeVo? errXeu, 'AîAAeu.ou jtteV /zeu {,a)ovTos a/c^Sei?, ctAAa Bavovros' 70OaTTre {Jie OTTI raîora, TruAa? 'Ai'Sao Trep^cra).TTÂe p;e eipyoucrt ifjvÔLi, et'ScoAa Kafj,6vra>v,ov8e fj,€ TTCO piayeaOai vnep TTorapôio ecDcrtv,aAA' avrojs aAaA^/zai av' evpvnvXes "Ai'So? Sa»./cat /zot So? T^V xetp', oXotpvpofjicu • ov yap eV aim? 75vtcro/xai e^ 'AtSao, en-T^j/ /ze Trvpos


needs must loathe ; but in the morning rouse thouthe folk, king of men Agamemnon, to bring wood,and to make ready all that it beseemeth a dead manto have, whenso he goeth beneath the murky dark-ness, to the end that unwearied fire may burn himquickly from sight, and the host betake it to itstasks."

So spake he, and they readily hearkened to himand obeyed, and speedily making ready each manhis meal they supped, nor did their hearts lack aughtof the equal feast. But when they had put fromthem the desire of food and drink, they went eachman to his hut to take his rest; but the son of Peleusupon the shore of the loud-resounding sea laygroaning heavily amid the host of the Myrmidons,in an open space where the waves plashed upon theshore. And when sleep seized him, loosening thecares of his heart, being shed in sweetness roundabout him—for sore weary were his glorious limbswith speeding after Hector unto windy Ilios—thenthere came to him the spirit of hapless Patroclus, inall things like his very self, in stature and fair eyesand in voice, and in like raiment was he clad withal;and he stood above Achilles' head and spake to him,saying : " Thou sleepest, and hast forgotten me,Achilles. Not in my life wast thou unmindful of me,but now in my death ! Bury me with all speed, thatI pass within the gates of Hades. Afar do the spiritskeep me aloof, the phantoms of men that have donewith toils, neither suffer they me to join myself tothem beyond the River, but vainly I wander throughthe wide-gated house of Hades. And give me thyhand, I pitifully entreat thee, for never more againshall I come back from out of Hades, when once ye

4>99

HOMER

ov /xev yap £o>oi ye <f>iXa>v aTrdvevdevfiovXas e£o/zevoi ôvXevcroêv, dAA' ejite /xevd/ji(f)€Xai>e arvyeprj, f\ irep Adê yiyvojJLtvovKal Se aol avra) fj,oipa, 6e.ols emet/ceA' 'A^tAAei?, 80retêt WTTO TpiLatv evrjêveoiv1 ad'AAo 8e rot e'oeaj Krai e - c r o i a t , at /<:e

dAA' 6[J,ov, co? rpdffropev rrcp ev v/ewre /^,e -rvrSov eovra MevotTto? f' " 'OTroe^ros1 85

vêrepov^ dvBpoKraairjs vrro Xvyprjs,rai ore TratSa KareKravov

ou/c eOeXaJV, d[Jt,(f)* dcrTpayaAotcrteVâ ê Seâjuevo? eV 8a)fJiaaLV LTTTTOTOL€TpCL(f)€ T* €V()VK6a)S Kal OOV BepaTTOVT* OVO/Ji'rjVeV ' 90

to? Se /<rai dore'a vcDtV oû,?) aopos d/iî/Xpvcreos ajji<pi<l)opevs, TOV rot Trope. TTOTVIO.

Tov 8' a77a/xeij8oj(/.ej'osi TTpoae^r) TroSa? co/cu?

" riirre /xot, rjOcir) K€(f)aXij, Seup*/cat /xot ravra eVaor' eTTtre'AAeat; avrap eyco rot 95Trdvra /xdA' e/creAe'co «rai Tmcro/zai to? crudAAd juot acrcrov crrrjOi • îLvvvdd irep

y? oAooto T€Tap7TO)fjieada yooio."apa (frwvrioas cope' aro %e/)crtaê' J/'fX'1] §s /card -)(dovos rjVTe KO.TTVOS 100rerpiyyta1 ra^cov §' dvopoucrei' '

re au/XTrAaTdy^crev, eVa? §' oXcxfrvSvovTroTTot, ^ pa TI ecTTt3 /cai etv 'At'Sao

500

vfwv Aristophanes : evrjyevtuv MSS. ; c/. xi. 427.2 Line 92 was rejected by Aristarchus.

3


have given me my due of fire. Never more in lifeshall we sit apart from our dear comrades and takecounsel together, but for me hath loathly fateopened its maw, the fate that was appointed me evenfrom my birth. Aye, and thou thyself also, Achilleslike to the gods, art doomed to be brought lowbeneath the wall of the wealthy Trojans. Andanother thing will I speak, and charge thee, if so bethou wilt hearken. Lay not my bones apart fromthine, Achilles, but let them lie together, even aswe were reared in your house, when Menoetiusbrought me, being yet a little lad, from Opoeis toyour country, by reason of grievous man-slaying, onthe day when I slew Amphidamus' son in my folly,though I willed it not, in wrath over the dice. Thenthe knight Peleus received me into his house andreared me with kindly care and named me thy squire ;even so also let one coffer enfold our bones, a goldencoffer with handles twain, the which thy queenlymother gave thee."

Then in answer spake to him Achilles, swift offoot : " Wherefore, O head beloved, art thou comehither, and thus givest me charge about each thing ?Nay, verily I will fulfil thee all, and will hearkeneven as thou biddest. But, I pray thee, draw thounigher ; though it be but for a little space let usclasp our arms one about the other, and take ourfill of dire lamenting."

So saying he reached forth with his hands, yetclasped him not ; but the spirit like a vapour wasgone beneath the earth, gibbering faintly. Andseized with amazement Achilles sprang up, andsmote his hands together, and spake a word ofwailing: " Look you now, even in the house of

501

HOMER

rj Kal etBcoXov, drdp <j)peves OVK evi Trdp-Trav •*yap fj,oi HarpOKXijos SeiAoio 105

e<f>€<rriJK€i yoowad re fj,vpofj,evr] re,KO.L jiioi enaar' eirereXXev, eucro Se OeaKeXov avrio.

"O? (/>dro, roiai. Se TTO.<JIV v<f>' ipepov J>pae yooto'fj,vpo(j,evoiai Be rotcrt <f>di>r] po8o$dKTV\os 'Hws

î veKvv eXeeivov. a/rap xpeiwv 'A.yafjie/j,va>v 110T' orpvve Kal avepas afejaer uA7jv

Trdvrodev eK K\iaiwv em S' dvi)p eaOXos 6pu>pei,M-^piovrfs, OepaTTtav d-yaTrrjvopos 'I8ofj,€VTJos.ol 8" laav vXorofj,ovs neXeKeas fv -)(cpaiv fxol'res

creipds T' efmXeKTOvs' •npo 8' ap" ovpfjes KIOV avrwv 115TroAAct 8' Sva.vra.Ka.ra.vra. Tra.pa.vrd, re Sd^/xid T' jjXOov.dXX' ore 8r) Kvrj/j,ovs TrpoaefiO.VTIK' dpa Spvs vi]jiK6[j.ovsrapvov fTreiyofjLevot.- rat 8e fj-eydXa KTVireovaatmTrrov. rds p,f.v eTreira BiaTrXr'jacrovres 'Aâtoi 120ewSeoi' ri/j-iovcav • ral 8e \Q6va. rroaal SarevvroeXoofj.evai ireoLoio Sid pwnri'ia. •nvKva..Travres 8 vXorofjioi (jarpovs (frepov coy "yd.p avwyeiMr)pi6vr]s, Bepdrrwv dyaTTTjvopos 'I8ofj,evfjos-KO.B 8" dp' €77' aKrfjs fldXXov €maxfpu>, tvQ' aP

'AX<,XXevs 123(ppaaaaro TlarpoKXw fieya rfpiov rjBe ol avrui-avrdp errel Trdvrj) TrapaKaâXov da-ntrov v\f]v,rjar' dp' avdi /xeVovre? doAAe'e?. avrdp 'AîAAeu?avriKa Mvp[j,iS6veaoi (f>iXoTrToXffj,oia(. we'AevcreXaXKov !,wvvvo8ai,, £,tv£ai 8' v-rr' oêcr^tv eKaarov 130

1 Line 104 was rejected by Aristophanes.502


Hades is the spirit and phantom somewhat, albeitthe mind be not anywise therein; for the wholenight long hath the spirit of hapless Patroclus stoodover me, weeping and wailing, and gave me chargeconcerning each thing, and was wondrously like hisvery self."

So spake he, and in them all aroused the desire oflament; and rosy-fingered Dawn shone forth uponthem while yet they wailed around the piteouscorpse. But the lord Agamemnon sent forth mulesand men from all sides from out the huts to fetchwood ; and a man of valour watched thereover, evenMeriones, squire of kindly Idomcneus. And theywent forth bearing in their hands axes for the ruttingof wood and well-woven ropes, and before thi-in wentthe mules ; and ever upward, downward, (sideward,and aslant they fared. But when they were cometo the spurs of many-fountained Ida, forthwith theyset them to fell high-crested oaks with the long-edged bronze in busy haste ; and with a mightycrash the trees kept falling. Then the Achacanssplit the trunks asunder and bound them behindthe mules, and these tore up the earth with theirfeet as they hasted toward the plain through thethick underbrush. And all the woodcutters barelogs ; for so were they bidden of Meriones, squireof kindly Idomeneus. Then down upon the shorethey cast them, man after man, where Achillesplanned a great barrow for Patroclus and for him-self. But when on all sides they had cast down themeasureless wood, they sate them down there andabode, all in one throng. And Achilles straightwaybade the war-loving Myrmidons gird them aboutwith bronze, and yoke each man his horses to his

503

HOMER

ol 8" opvvvro Kat tv revyeaaw eovvov,av 8' efiav ev otypoicri Trapaifidrai -fjvioxol re,•nporjOe fj,ev iTnrfjes, fj,erd oe ve<f>os eiTrero rre^wv,fjivplof ev Se (j,4aoiari (jiepov HdrpOKXov eratpot.dpi^l Se Trdvra. veKvv Karaeivvaav, as eTTeflaXhov 135Keip6/j,evoi, • oTtiOev 8e K<ipr) e%e Sto? "A^tAAeu?dxvvfJ.evos ' erapov -yap df^vfj,ova TrejuTr' "Ai'SoaSe.

01 8' ore x&pov IKO.VOV oOi a<j».tn Tre<j>pa.&'

KarBeaav, altfia Se ot fj.evoei.Kea vrêovev6' a&r' aAA' evorjae noodpKTjs Sios ' AîXXevs ' 140crTaj OLTrdvevOe Trvpfjs £avdr)v aTreKeiparo )(airr)i>,rr/v pa îrepxeiw Trorapw rpe<f>e rr)Xe86waav •

8' dpa elirev I8<jjv ETTI cwoTra novrove", aAAaj? aoL ye Trarrjp r/p-âaro IIÂeu?,

Keiae' p,e voar-fjaavra <f>i\rjv es TtarpiSa yalav 145aoi re K6fj.rjv Kfpeeiv pe£eiv 8' ieprjv eKarofjiftriv ,TTevrrjKovra 8' evopxa. -nap avrodi /xÂ' Ifpevaetv

es mjyds, oOi, rot refj,evos ^cafj,6s re 6vr/eis-ws r)pd0' 6 yeptuv, av 8e' ot voov OVK ereXeaaas.vvv 8' e'wei ov veofj-al ye. (f>i\r)i> es irarptoa yalav, 150\\a.rpoK\ia Tjpca'i Kofj,r)v oTrdaaifj.!. <f>epeadai."

"fls eiTrwv ev XePCT* KOfj.r]v erdpoio <f>iXoioOrJKev, Totat Se irdaw v<^ ipepov lapcre yoo'io.Kai vv K' 6ovpofj,evoiai.v eov <f>dos ijeAi'oto,ei ju.ij 'A^tAAeuy ai^r' ' ' Ayaêp,vovi elire irapaaras' 165

504


car. And they arose and did on their armour andmounted their chariots, warriors and charioteers alike.In front fared the men in chariots, and thereafterfollowed a cloud of footmen, a host past counting ;and in the midst his comrades bare Patroclus. Andas with a garment they wholly covered the corpsewith their hair that they shore off and cast thereon ;and behind them goodly Achilles clasped the head,sorrowing the while ; for peerless was the comradewhom he was speeding to the house of Hades.

But when they were come to the place that Achilleshad appointed unto them, they set down the dead,and swiftly heaped up for him abundant store ofwood. Then again swift-footed goodly Achilles tookother counsel; he took his stand apart, from the pyreand shore oil a golden lock, the rich growth whereofhe had nursed for the river Spcrchciis, and, his heartmightily moved, he spake, with a look over the wine-dark sea : " Spercheiis, to no purpose did my fatherPeleus vow to thee that when I had come homethither to my dear native land, I would shear myhair to tlice and offer a holy hecatomb, and on theselfsame spot would sacrifice fifty rams, males withoutblemish, into thy waters, where is thy demesne andthy fragrant altar. So vowed that old man, but thoudidst not fulfil for him his desire. Now, therefore,seeing I go not home to my dear native land, I wouldfain give unto the warrior Patroclus this lock to farewith him."

He spake and set the lock in the hands of his dearcomrade, and in them all aroused the desire oflament. And now would the light of the sun havegone down upon their weeping, had not Achillesdrawn nigh to Agamemnon's side and said : " Son of

505

HOMER

" 'Arpei8r], crot yap re pdXiard ye Aao? 'rreiaovrai {JLvdoiai, yooto [lev ecm /cat dcrat,vw §' aVo TTVpKa'irjs a/ceSaaoi> /cat Set7n/oi> aoirXeaSai ' TaSe 8' a^<^t rrovrjao/jieO' O'LCTL fidKTjfteos ecrri V€KV$' TTCtpa S' ot T' ayot

A.vrap errel TO y' aKovaev ava£ avSpojv 'Aya-

Xaov p,ev aKeSacrev Kara vf}as etK7]8ejji,6ves Se Trap' au^t /xeVov /cat irroiriaav 8e Trvprjv €Kar6fJ,7reSov evOa KOL evOa,ev 8e rrvpfi vrrdrr^ vetepov Qeaav dxvv{J,evoi Krjp.TToAAd Se i(f>ia /j,rjXa KO! eiAtVoSa? e'Ai/cas" fiovs

TTVpyjs e8epov re Kai aêTrov • e'/ 8' dparrdvrajv

es TTo8as eK K€(f>aXr}$ , rtepl 8e 8pardev S' erWet fieXtros /cat aAet<âTo? a/i^tôpâs1, 17977/90? Aeêa KXCvcov ' Triovpas 8' €piav%€vas ITTTTOVSecravfjieva>s evefiaXXe rrvpfi [MeydXa oreva^Lâiv .evvea ra> ye dvaKTi rparre^rjes Kwes rjaav,/cat p,ev r&v evefiaXXe Trvpfj Svo Set/ooTOyUâas1,8a)8ei<a Se Tpu>a)v fjieyaOvpcuv vieas ea6Xov$ 175âA/ca) Srjiocov • /ca/ca Se (f>peal fj,rj8ero epya •eV 8e TTVpos fievos rjKe atS^peov, o<f>pa ve)ototro.

T' ap' eVetra, <j)iXov 8' ovo^vev eraipov •jioi, a> Ilarpo/cAe, /cat etv 'AtSao So/zotcrt •

Trdvra ydp rj8r) rot, reXeai rd rrdpoidev vrrear^v. ^§Q8c68e/ca /zet* Tpa)a>v fjLeyadvfjuojv vleas506


Atreus—for to thy words as to those of noneother will the host of the Achaeans give heed—of lamenting they may verily take their fill, butfor this present disperse them from the pyre, andbid them make ready their meal; for all thingshere we to whom the dead is nearest and dearestwill take due care; and with us let the chieftainsalso abide."

Then when the king of men Agamemnon heardthis word, he forthwith dispersed the folk amid theshapely ships, but they that were nearest and dearestto the dead abode there, and heaped up the wood,and made a pyre of an hundred feet this way andthat, and on the topmost part thereof they set thedead man, their hearts sorrow-laden. And manygoodly sheep and many sleek kine of shambling gaitthey flayed and dressed before the pyre : and fromthem all great-souled Achilles gathered the fat, andenfolded the dead therein from head to foot, andabout him heaped the flayed bodies. And thereonhe set two-handled jars of honey and oil, leaningthem against the bier ; and four horses with high-arched necks he cast swiftly upon the pyre, groaningaloud the while. Nine dogs had the prince, that fedbeneath his table, and of these did Achilles cut thethroats of twain, and cast them upon the pyre.And twelve valiant sons of the great-souled Trojansslew he with the bronze—and grim was the work hepurposed in his heart—and thereto he set the ironmight of fire, to range at large. Then he uttered agroan, and called on his dear comrade by name :" Hail, I bid thee, O'Patroclus, even in the house ofHades, for now am I bringing all to pass, which afore-time I promised thee. Twelve valiant sons of the great-

507

HOMER

TOU? dfj,a aol Trdvras Trvp eaOiet • "E/cropa §' ov nScocra) TlpLapiS^v trvpl SaTrreêi', aAAa Kvvecraiv."

"O? (par* dTreiXrfaas • rov 8' ov KVVZS dfj,(p€7revovTo,dXXd KVVCLS fJ*ev aAaA/ce Ato? Qvydrf]p 'A.<ppoSt,T7] 185

* 5 / j xooooevrt oeuv aTToSpvcpot,

Tto S' e7T6 Kvdveov v€<po$ TjyayovpavoBev TreStovSe, KaXvifse Se %iopov drravTa,oocrov eVeiê VZKWS, pr} irpiv fj,€vos rjeXioto 190

OuSe 7rvpr) Ilarpo/cAou e/caieroeV^' aur' aAA' eVo^cre TroSap/CTy? Sto? '^crTa? aTrdvevde Tru/orys" 80101? ypdr'Jôper) Kal Zecpvpq), Kal viria%€TO tepd /caAa* 195TroAAa Se /cat crTrevScot' ^pucreai SeVat XirdveveveXde/jLtv, 6(ppa ra^tcrra TTUjOt Âeyeôtaro veKpoi,vXrj re creuatro /caTj/zevat. c3/ca Se Tpis1

dpdwv dtovaa /êrayyeAos1 Â^' dveftoiaivol fj,€V dpa 7*€(f)vpoio Sucrae'os1 dOpooi eVSov 200

SaivvvTo • Oeovcra Se TLrot a»? t o y <

, KaXeov re /xtv et? e e/cacrTO?'17 S' au^' eêaât yu,ei> avâro, et?re Se (J,vdov

e'Sos" et/zi yap awn? evr' 'D/ceaôto peedpa, 205ey yatai', oî pcôvrr' eWaTo^Sa?

dOavdrois, tVa ST) /cat eytt> ^teraSatao/zai Ip&v.aAA' 'A^tAet)? Bo/oeî/ iJSe Tê^vpov /ceAaSetvoi/508


souled Trojans, lo all these together with thee theflame devoureth ; but Hector, son of Priam, will Inowise give to the fire to feed upon, but to dogs."

So spake he threatening, but with Hector mightno dogs deal; nay, the daughter of Zeus, Aphrodite,kept dogs from him by day alike and by night, andwith oil anointed she him, rose-sweet, ambrosial, tothe end that Achilles might not tear him as hedragged him. And over him Phoebus Apollo drewa dark cloud from heaven to the plain, and coveredall the place whereon the dead man lay, lest ere thetime the might of the sun should shrivel his fleshround about on his sinews and limbs.

Howbeit the pyre of dead Patroclus kindled not.Then again did swift-footed goodly Achilles take othercounsel ; he took his stand apart from the pyre, andmade prayer to the two winds, to the North Windand the West Wind, and promised fair offerings, andfull earnestly, as he poured libations from a cup ofgold, he besought them to come, to the end thatthe corpses might speedily blaze with fire, and thewood make haste to be kindled. Then forthwith Irisheard his prayer, and hied her with the message tothe winds. They in the house of the fierce-blowingWest Wind were feasting all together at the banquet,and Iris halted from her running on the threshold ofstone. Soon as their eyes beheld her, they all sprangup and called her each one to himself. But sherefused to sit, and spake saying : "I may not sit,for I must go back unto the streams of Oceanus,unto the land of the Ethiopians, where they aresacrificing hecatombs to the immortals, that I toomay share in the sacred feast. But Achilles prayeththe North Wind and the noisy West Wind to come,

509

HOMER

lv dparai, xal vma^rai lepd /caAa,6c/)pa TTvprjv oparjre Karjjjievai, fj kvi /cetrat 210YldrpoKXos, rov Trdvres dvaaTevdxovanv 'AâioiV

*H fM€V a/?' cos GITTOVO* aTreâero, rol 8' opeovroBeaTreairj, vefaa KXoveovre Trdpoidev.

ja Se TTOVTOV IKOVOV d.TJp,€vai, ajpro Se KVjjiaVTTO Xiyvpf}' Tpoirjv S' 6pi/3ojXoi> iKeo9r)V, 215

ev Se TTVpfj iT€O€T'r]V, fjieyo, 8' tctê êaTTiSae? TTWO.iravvvxioL 8' apa rot ye Trvprjs a/xuSt? i/>Aoy' e)SaAAov,(f>vaa)VT€$ Aiyecos" o Se Trdvvvxos w/cu?Xpvaeov €K KpriTr}po$, eXdtv1 SeTra? dfJif

olvov dcfrvaaofjievos â/zaSi? xe/e' §eve ^^ yaiav, 220rjaKU)v HaTpoK\rjos SetAoto.

Se rraTrjp ov TraiSos- dSuperat darea Kaia>v,iov, os re davd)v SetAoi)? a«:a^7jcre ro/câ?,

s1 era/>oio oSupero ocrrea Kaiaiv,rrapa TrvpKa'irjV, aSti/d (Treva^/^tov. 225S' €O)O<f)6pos ticn <f>6a>s epeajv €m yalav,

ov re /zero, KpoKOTreTrXos vrrelp a'Aa /ct'Srarat TJCOJ,rrjfjios TTVpKa'ir) e/xapatvero, Travaaro Se <j)X6£.ol 8* aj-e/xot TraAtv aurt? ejSav of/cot'Se vzeadaiQprfiKiov Kara TTOVTOV 6 8' earevev otS/iart 0va>v 230IlTjAeiS^? 8* O.TTO rrvpKaLfjs eVepcocre XiaaOeisK\lvQri K€KfjLr]a>$, em 8e yAuAry? VTTVOS opovaevol 8' d^tci' 'Arpetcova doXXees rjyeptOovTO-rwv fjiiv €7T€pxo[J>eva>v o/xaSo? /cat Sovrros eyeipev,eêro 8* opOcuOzls /cat CTêa? Tr/oos1 fj,vdov eziTTtv 235

1 eXujj': ^xwv'510


and promiseth them fair offerings, that so ye mayrouse the pyre to burn whereon lieth Patroclus, forwhom all the Achaeans groan aloud."

When she had thus spoken, she departed, and theyarose with a wondrous din, driving the cloudstumultuously before them. And swiftly they cameto the sea to blow thereon, and the wave swelledbeneath the shrill blast; and they came to deep-soiled Troy-land, and fell upon the pyre, and mightilyroared the wondrous-blazing fire. So the whole nightlong .as with one blast they beat upon the flame ofthe pyre, blowing shrill ; and the whole night longswift Achilles, taking a two-handled cup in hand,drew wine from a golden bowl and poured it uponthe earth, and wetted the ground, calling ever uponthe spirit of hapless Patroclus. As a father wailethfor his son, as he burneth his bones, a son newlywed whose death hath brought woe to his haplessparents, even so wailed Achilles for his comrade ashe burned his bones, going heavily about the pyrewith ceaseless groaning.

But at the hour when the star of morning goethforth to herald light over the face of the earth—thestar after which followeth saffron-robed Dawn andspreadeth over the sea —even then grew the burningfaint, and the flame thereof died down. And thewinds went back again to return to their home overthe Thracian sea, and it roared with surging flood.Then the son of Peleus withdrew apart from theburning pyre, and laid him down sore-wearied ; andsweet sleep leapt upon him. But they that werewith the son of Atreus gathered in a throng, and thenoise and din of their oncoming aroused him ; andhe sat upright and spake to them saying : " Son of

511

re /cat d'AAot dpicrrrjesirpairov [lev Kara. TrvpKa'C^v afieaaT* aWom oiVa>rraaav, OTTOCFCTOV erreaê rrvpos fjievos' avrdp errecraoarea ITarpo/cAoto MevotnaSao Aeyco^tei'ev Staytyi'tooTcovres" dpi(f>pa8ea Se rervKrai' 240ei> /xecrcr^ yap e/cetro rrvpfj, rot 8' d'AAoteaârifj KOLLOVT* eTTt/zt^ tTVTrot re /cat av/cat rd yttev eV xpvcrer) (fridAr) /cat StVAa/ct0€LO[j,6V, et? o /cev auro? eycî^ "At'Sc /cervfj,j3ov 8' ou /JidXa TroAAov eycb iroveeadai avloya, 245aAA' eVtet/cea rolov eVetra Se /cat TOV 'Aâtotevpvv 0* v^Xov re Tt^rûerat, ot /cev e/xetooevrepot eV êcrcrt TroAu/cAi^to't XiTrrjaOe."

°O? e<f>a6', ot §' erridovro TroSa)Ke'C TlyXetajvi.rrp&Tov fj,ev Kara rrvpKairjv afteaav aWoTTi o'iva), 250oaaov em (f>Xo£ rjXQe, fladela Se KarrrreaeKAaiovres S' erapoto evrjeos ocrrea XCVKGLaXXeyov e? xpvaerjv <j)id\riv /cat StVAa/caev /cAtcrtT^crt Se Oevres eava> Xirl KaXvifsavTopvcoaavro 8e arj[j,a OeueiXid re TrpoftdXovro 255

eWap 8e xvr^l1' eTr^ fyaâv €%evav,Se TO o->y/xa ?raAtv /ctov. avrdp 'A^tAAeu?

avrov Xaov epvice /cat tâi'ei' evpvv dytova,vr)a>v §' eK(f)ep' deOXa, Xefiyrds re TptVoSa? re2

LTTTTOVS 0' rjuiovovs re fiouJv T' t</>^t/za Kaprjva, 260T^Se yyvai/ca? eii£,a>vovs rroXiov re aiftrjpov.

'ImrevaLV fjiev Trpatra rroftcoKeaiv ayAa' aedXa6rJKe yvvaiKa dyeaOai dfj,vuova epya ISvlav

1 Ketdu/j.a.1.: K\eudufj,ai Aristarchus.2 Lines 259-261 were rejected by Aristophanes and

Aristarchus.512


Atreus, and ye other princes of the hosts of Achaea,first quench ye with flaming wine the burning pyre,even all whereon the might of the fire hath come,and thereafter let us gather the bones of Patroclus,Menoetius' son, singling them out well from the rest;and easy they are to discern, for he lay in the midstof the pyre, while the others burned apart on theedges thereof, horses and men mingled together.Then let us place the bones in a golden urn wrappedin a double layer of fat, until such time as I myselfbe hidden in Hades. Howbeit no huge barrow do Ibid you rear with toil for him, but such a one onlyas beseemeth ; but in aftertime do ye Achaeans buildit broad and high, ye that shall be left amid thebenched ships when I am gone."

So spake he, and they hearkened to the swift-footed son of Peleus. First they quenched withflaming wine the pyre, so far as the flame had comeupon it, and the ash had settled deep ; and withweeping they gathered up the white bones of theirgentle comrade into a golden urn, and wrappedthem in a double layer of fat, and placing the urn inthe hut they covered it with - a soft linen cloth.Then they traced the compass of the barrow and setforth the foundations thereof round about the pyre,and forthwith they piled the up-piled earth. Andwhen they had piled the barrow, they set them togo back again. But Achilles stayed the folk evenwhere they were, and made them to sit in a widegathering ; and from his ships brought forth prizes ;cauldrons and tripods and horses and mules andstrong oxen and fair-girdled women and grey iron.

For swift charioteers first he set forth goodlyprizes, a woman to lead away, one skilled in goodly

VOL. ii 2L 513

HOMER

/Cat TjOtVoS' O)TO>€VTa

rat TrpaSro) • a/rap av TO> oevrepoj LTTTTOV eOirjKev 265eêre' dS^tTyTTî', /3pe<j)os r/piovov Kveovaavavrdp ra> rpirdra) anvpov KaredrjKf Ae/J^ra./caAov, reaaapa //.erpa /ceât'Sora, Aev/cov eV avrcos'TO> 8e rerdpTOj #7^/ce SUCD %pvooio raAavra,

8* dfjifaOerov 0taA^v aTrvpaiTov e^ry/ce. 2708* opOos /cat p.v6ov eV 'Apyet'otcrtv eecirev

T6 /cat d'AAot evKvrjfjLibes' '^ra8' deÂa Se8ey/zeVa /cetr'

et /xev vw eVt d'AAa* dedXevoipcv 'Aâtot,• r* aV e'yci; rd 7rpa>ra Aa^Scov /cAtcri'ipSe (frepoifJLTqv • 275tcrre ydp oacrov e/xot dperfj Trepi/SdAAeroj/ ITTTTOI •dddvaroi re ydp et'crt, ITocretSdcov 8e TTO/irarpt eûa) nÂTyf, d 8' ayr' e^tot e'yyya/'dAA* i) rot /zev eya; fjievea) /cat jj,a)vuêsroiov ydp KXeos2 zoOXov diraiXeaav rjvioôio, 280rjiriov, os a(f)a>'iv fj,dXa TroXXaKis vypov eXaiov•âird(jL>v /careêue, Aoecraa? y'Sart Aeu/ca).TOV TW y' earaores Trevdeierov, ovoe'C 8e aiîpâtrat epTypeSaTat, T6a 8' eararov d)(yv[JL€va) Krjp.d'AAot Se CTTeAAeaê /card arparov, os TIS" 'Aâtaiy 285tTTTTOtatV re 7T€7TOL0€ /cat d'puafft /coAAriTotCTtv1."

"Q? fpdro IlÂe'tST^s', razees 8' tTTTTê? eyepQzv?thpro rroXv 7rpa>Tos p,ev dva£ dvopcov Eu/xÂos','AS^LtT^rou (piXos vlos, os iTTTToavvr) e'/ce/caaro •TOJ 8' 677i TySetS^? d>pro Kparepos Atoyu.^8^?, 290

8e Tpojoy? yVaye t,vyov} ovs TTOT* dmjvpa1 evKvrjfJ:i5es 'A%a(ot : dpicrTês HavaxaicDi'.

2 K\eos : crdevos. 3 Zyepdev : ayepdev.1 The jm^Tpof is here evidently some definite, if unknown,

standard of liquid measurement.514


handiwork, and an eared tripod of two and twentymeasures * for him that should be first; and for thesecond he appointed a mare of six years, unbroken,with a mule foal in her womb ; and for the third heset forth a cauldron untouched of fire, a fair cauldronthat held four measures, white even as at the first;and for the fourth he appointed two talents of gold ;and for the fifth a two-handled urn, yet untouchedof fire. Then he stood up, and spake among theArgives, saying :

" Son of Atreus, and ye other well-greavedAchaeans, for the charioteers these prizes lie waitingin the lists. If for some other's honour we Achaeanswere now holding contests, surely it were I that shouldwin the first prize, and bear it to my hut; for yeknow how far my horses twain surpass in excellence,seeing they are immortal, and it was Poseidon thatgave them to my father Peleus, and he gave themto me. Howbeit I verily will abide, I and my single-hooved horses, so valiant and glorious a charioteerhave they lost, and one so kind, who full often wouldpour upon their manes soft oil when he had washedthem in bright water. For him they stand andmourn, and on the ground their manes are trailing,and the twain stand there, grieving at heart. Butdo ye others make yourselves ready throughout thehost, whosoever of the Achaeans hath trust in hishorses and his jointed car."

So spake the son of Peleus, and the swift charioteersbestirred them. Upsprang, far the first, Eumelus,king of men, Admetus' dear son, a man well-skilledin horsemanship ; and after him upsprang Tydeus'son, mighty Diomedes, and led beneath the yokethe horses of Tros, even them that on a time he had

515

HOMER

AlveLav, drdp avrov VTreêcrdaicrev 'ArroXXcw.TW S' ap* eV 'ArpetSys wpro £avdos MeveXaosSioyevrjs, VTTO Se t,vyov rjyayev ci/ce'as- ITTTTOVS,A.Wr)v rrjv 'Ayapie/jivov^v rov lov re TloSapyov 295rrjv 'Ayapefjivovi Saift:' 'Ay^tataS^? 'EêTrcoAos'ScDp'j tt'a /XT^ ot' €7701^' ^776 "lAtoi' rjvefAoeaoav,dAA' aurou reprrotro fj,evwv [leya yap OL e'Sco/ceZeu? a<j)evo<s, vaizv S' o y' ev evpvôpw ^LKVOJVI-rrjV o y' WTTO ûyov ?)ye, fJieya 8p6{j,ov la^ctvoaioav. 300'AvrtAoô? 8e Terapros €VTpi%as oTrXiaad' ITTTTOVS,Necrropos1 dyAaos1 ft'o? tnrepdvpoio avawrro?,TOU NÂTjtaSao- ITyAotyeWes1 Se ot ITTTTOI

(frepov ap/J,a. Trarrjp Se ot d'y^t Trapacrras* els dyaOa (frpoveatv voeovn /cat aurar 305

17 rot /xeV ae t'eov Trep eovra. (f>i\rjaavZeus1 T€ IloCTetSdia»i' re, /<rat LTnroavvas eoiSaâvTravroias' TO) /cat ae StSacr/ce'/zev ou TI fj,dXa XP€C^'olada ydp ev Ttepl reppâd* eXiaoeêv • dAAd rot ['777701jSdpStCTTot Oeitiv TO) T' oi'o) Aotyt' eoeaOai. 310

8' i7777ot jitev eaaiv d^dpTepoi, oi)Se jLtet' awrotova laaaiv aedev avrov

dye 8rj av, (f)iXos,tVa ere rrapeKTrpofivyrjcnv

rot 8pvr6fjios ftey' dpeivcw rje /3i7](f)i- 3158' aure /cDêp^^T^? eVt otVo77t TTOo^v Idvvei epexdoficvrjv dvepoiaL'8' rjVLO%os TrepiyLyverai ^tdôto.

dAAo? ju.eV 0' Ircnoiai /cat dpfjuacnv otcrte?7t TroAAov eXiaaerai, evda /cat eVâ, 320

516


taken from Aeneas, albeit Apollo snatched awayAeneas' self ; and after him uprose Atreus' son, fair-haired Menelaus, sprung from Zeus, and led beneaththe yoke swift steeds, Aethe, Agamemnon's mare,and his own horse Podargus. The mare hadAnchises' son Echepolus given to Agamemnon with-out price, to the end that he might not follow him towindy Ilios, but might abide at home and take his joy;for great wealth had Zeus given him, and he dweltin spacious Sicyon : her Menelaus led beneath theyoke, and exceeding fain was she of the race. Andfourth Antilochus made ready his fair-maned horses, hethe peerless son of Nestor, the king high of heart, theson of Neleus; and bred at Pylos were the swift-footedhorses that drew his car. And his father drew nighand gave counsel to him for his profit—a wise manto one that himself had knowledge. " Antilochus,for all thou art young, yet have Zeus and Poseidonloved thee and taught thee all manner of horseman-ship ; wherefore to teach thee is no great need, forthou knowest well how to wheel about the turning-post ; yet are thy horses slowest in the race : there-fore I deem there will be sorry-work for thee. Thehorses of the others are swifter, but the men knownot how to devise more cunning counsel than thineown self. Wherefore come, dear son, lay thou upin thy mind cunning of every sort, to the end thatthe prizes escape thee not. By cunning, thouknowest, is a woodman far better than by might; bycunning too doth a helmsman on the wine-dark deepguide aright a swift ship that is buffeted by winds ;and by cunning doth charioteer prove better thancharioteer. Another man, trusting in his horses andcar, heedlessly wheeleth wide to this side and that,

517

HOMER

"777701 Se rrXavocovTai ava Spoftov, ovSe05 Se K€ /cepSea flofj eXavvcov âaovas LTTTTOVS,alei repp,' 6p6a>v arp€(f>et eyyvdev, ovoe e Xrjdeiomrajs TO irpwrov Tavvay f3o€Oicriv tptacrti',aAA* e' et dafiaXews /cat TOV Trpovôvra SoKevzi. 325cr-fjfjia Se TOI epeco û.aA' apt^/oaSeV, ouSe ere Aô-et.eorrjKe £vAov avov oaov r' opyvf vrrep alir]s,rj 8pvos 1] TT€VKr)$- TO /zev ov Karajrvderai oAae 8e TOV CKaTepdev e/oTjpe'Sarai Suo Aet>/ca>ev ^vvo-^fiaiv 6Sov, Aeio? §' iTnroopoôs afji<f>is' 330• reu arjp,a fiporolo 710X0.1 Ka,TaTe6vr]a)TOst

r) TO ye vvcrva TCTVKTO eVt Trporlpojv avdpa)Tfan>?/cat vw repfiaT' edrjKe TroodpKrjs 8to? 'A^tAAeu?.ra> av /xaA' e'y^pt/A(/fa? e'Aaav crêS ov dpfjua KOL ITTTCOVS,ai>TO$ 8e KXivBrjvcu evirXeKTO) evl oifipco 335T)/C' eV apcaTepa TOUV arap rov oeîov LTTTTOV/ceVcrat ojMo/cAr^cras', eiât re ot Tî'a \epaiv.ev vvaar] 8e TOI LTTTTOS dpL&Tepos ey^pi/A0^^ra>,ais1 av Tot TJ\r]îvr] ye Soaaaerai a,Kpov tKecrdaiKVK\OV TTOITJTOIO • Xtdov 8' ctAeacrâi €Tfavpeiv, 340^ TTOJ? tTTTrofS1 re Tptbarjs /caret #' ap/zaTa d£r)S'âp/xa Se rot? d'AAotcrtv, eAeyêt?^ Se aot aura)ecraeraf aAAa, (f)iXos, (f>pov€ojv rre^vXay/jLevos etvat.et yap /c' ei/ vvoarj ye 7Tap€^€Xdar]ada OIWKWV,OVK €od' o$ K€ cr' e'A^CTt fteraAyLtews1 ouSe TrapeXdr], 345

1 In the place of lines 332 f. Aristarchus read,lye (TKtpos £t)v, vvv aS dero r^pfj-ar' 'Ax^XXei/s. •

1 The meaning seems to be that the cunning driver,instead of allowing his horses to run without control andset their own pace, keeps them constantly in hand, and"stretches" them to just the right degree from the verystart.518


and his horses roam over the course, neither keepethhe them in hand ; whereas he that hath a craftymind, albeit he drive worse horses, keepeth his eyeever on the turning-post and wheeleth close thereby,neither is unmindful how at the first to force hishorses with the ox-hide reins,1 but keepeth them everin hand, and watcheth the man that leadeth him inthe race. Now will I tell thee a manifest sign thatwill not escape thee. There standeth, as it were afathom's height above the ground, a dry stump,whether of oak or of pine, which rotteth not in therain, and two white stones on either side thereof arefirmly set against it at the joinings of the course,and about it is smooth ground for driving. Haplyit is a monument of some man long ago dead, orhaply was made the turning-post of a race in daysof men of old ; and now hath swift-footed goodlyAchilles appointed it his turning-post. Pressing hardthereon do thou drive close thy chariot and horses,and thyself lean in thy well-plaited2 car a little tothe left of the pair, and to the off horse do thougive the goad, calling to him with a shout, and givehim rein from thy hand. But to the post let thenear horse draw close, that the nave of the well-wrought wheel seem to graze the surface thereof—but be thou ware of touching the stone, lest haplythou wound thy horses and wreck thy car ; so shouldthere be joy for the rest, but reproach for thyself.Nay, dear son, be thou wise and on thy guard ; forif at the turning-post thou shalt drive past the restin thy course, there is no man that shall catch theeby a burst of speed, neither pass thee by,.nay, not

2 That the platform on which the charioteer and warriorstood in the Homeric chariot was plaited of thongs appearsfrom v. 727 f.

519

HOMER

ouS' ei KZV êroTTiadev 'Aptova Stov eAawoi,'ASyOTjcrrou ra^vv ITTTTOV, os e'/c 6z6(f)iv yevos Tyey,r) row Aao/ze'SovTo?, 01 eV#aSe y' €Tpa<f>€v eadXoi

"Qs1 €LTTOJV Ne'crTOJ/o NÂ^lbs: ai/r eVt X^PT)eêr', eTret a) TratSt eKaarrov Treipar' eeirre. 350

M^ptovTjs' §' apa Tte/JiTTTos'LTTTTOVS .

ay S' eySay es 8i(f>povs, ev Se Kîjpovs tfiaTraAA' 'AîAey?, e/c Se tcXfjpos 66p€ Necrro/oi'Sao'Ai/rtAo^;oi; • //.era rov Se Aaê Kpeiatv ELy/Âos"rai S' ap' eTr' 'ArpetSris, Sou/at/cAetros" Meve'Aao?, 355T<5 S' em M^pto^y Aa^;' eXavvepev vararos avreTySeiS^? 6' ' apiOTOs ed>v Xdx e'Aauê'yuei/ ITTTTOV?.crrav Se /xeracrTot^t, arjprjve Se re/o^tar' 'A^tAAeu?

eV Aeta; TreSia)1 Trapa Se OKOTTOV eioevOotViKa, oTraova Trarpos eoto, 360

cos* //.e/x.ve'a;TO Spo/xou1 ftrat dAfjdfiTiv aTroeiVot.Oi S' a//,a Trdvres e<^' ITTTTOUV [idcmyas aeipav,

0* ifj,daiv, o/ô/cA^crav r' errdeacnvol S' a>/ca SieVpTycrcrov TreSioto

v60(f>i V€a>v raêojs' VTTO Se arepvoiaL KOVITJ 365aei/jo/zeV^ co? re vecf>os ê dveXXa,S' €ppa>ovro /ierd TTVOI^? dvepoio.

dpfjiara S' aAAore ^tei' ^ôi^J TriXvaro TTOvXvj3oT€ipr]}

aAAore S' di' aovce êrrfopa' rot S' €Xarfjp€Searaaav ev Si<f>poLai, Traracrcre Se dvfjios e'/cacrrou 370VLK^S I€/JL€V(JUV KeKXovro Se otcTtv e/cacrTO?ITTTTOt?, Ot S' €7T€TOVTO KOViOVT€S TTeSl'oiO.

'AAA' ore ST) TTVfJiarov reXeov 8pop,ov co/ce'e? ITTTTOI.di/j €(f>' dXos TToXirls, rore Srj dpe-rri ye e/cacrrou

1 8p6/j.ov: 5p6fj.ovs Aristarchus.

520


though in pursuit he were driving goodly Arion, theswift horse of Adrastus, that was of heavenly stock,or those of Laomedon, the goodly breed of this land."

So saying Nestor, son of Neleus, sate him downagain in his place, when he had told his son the sumof every matter.

And fifth Meriones made ready his fair-manedhorses. Then they mounted their cars, and cast inthe lots ; and Achilles shook them, and forth leaptthe lot of Nestor's son, Antilochus ; after him hadthe lord Eumelus a place, and next to him Atreus'son, Menelaus, famed for his spear, and next to himMeriones drew his place ; and last of all the son ofTydeus, albeit far the best, drew a place for hischariot. Then took they their places in a row, andAchilles shewed them the turning-post afar off in thesmooth plain ; and thereby he set as an umpiregodlike Phoenix, his father's follower, that he mightmark the running and tell the truth thereof.

Then they all at one moment lifted the lash eachabove his yoke of horses, and smote them with thereins, and called to them with words, full eagerly;and forthwith they sped swiftly- over the plain awayfrom the ships ; and beneath their breasts the dustarose and stood, as it were a cloud or a whirlwind,and their manes streamed on the blasts of thewind. And the chariots would now course over thebounteous earth, and now again would bound onhigh ; and they that drave stood in the cars, and eachman's heart was athrob as they strove for victory;and they called every man to his horses, that flew inthe dust over the plain.

But when now the swift horses were fulfilling thielast stretch of the course, back toward the grey sea,

521

HOMER

(f)aiv6T*, atpap 8' ITTTTOLOL Tadr) Spo/ios" a>Ka 8' eTretra 375at <&r]pT]TcdSao TroSdj/cees €K<f>epov ITTTTOI.TO,? Se per' eê'êpov Atop^Seo? apcreves ITTTTOI,Tpanbt, ov8e rt iroXXov avzvd* ecrav, dXXd p:aA' eyyus'atet yap St^pou eTnâopevoiaiv eiKTrjv,

S' Eup:7yAoto /zera^pewv eypee T' a5p-a> 380' • eV aurai yap K€(j)aXas Karadevre

/cat vu /cev r) Trape'Aacra' ^ ap,<^?]ptcrrovei pti) TuSeos1 ufi' KoreacraTO Ooipôs'o? pa ot e/c êipcDv eflaXev ptacrriyaTOIO §' CITT' o(f>0aXfj,a>v XUTO Sa/cpua ^coop,evoio, 385owe/ca ra? p.ev opa ert /cat TroAy p,aAAov lovoas,OL 8' eot €/3\d<f)6ir]aav dVev /ceWpotoouS' ap' 'Adrjvairjv eAe^^papoeôs1 Aa^' 'TuSeiS^v, fjidXa 8' a>/ca pierecrcrwo ?rotp,eVa8cD/ce 8e ot p-acrTiya, p.ei/o? 8' iTnroicnv evfJKtv 390• 8e p-er' 'ASp/^Tou utov /coreoucra /Se^/cet,tTTTretov Se ot ê êd £,vy6v al 8e ot ITTTTOIdfji(f)ls oSou 8pa/j,€rr]V, pvpos 8' eVi yatav eXvaffrj.avros 8' e/c 8i(j)poio Trapa Tpoôv e'ê/cuAtcr^,ay/ccova? re TreptSpu^)^ oropa re pivds T€, 395

8e PCTOJITOV err* 6<J)pvaL- TO> Se ot' oacreTrXrjaOev, OaXeprj 8e ot

TuSet'8-^s1 Se rraparpeifjas e%TToXXov TOJV aXXiov e^dX/Jievos' e'v yap 'A.6r]i>r)iTTTTOis rJKe IAIEVOS /cat evr' ai5ra> /cuSo? edr]Ke. 400TO) 8' ap' eV 'ArpetSys etê £avdo$ MeveAao?.

1 i.e. Eumelus, strictly the grandson of Pheres, but thepatronymic is often thus used.522


then verily was made manifest the worth of each,and the pace of their horses was forced to theuttermost. And forthwith the swift-footed mares ofthe son of Pheres 1 shot to the front, and after themDiomedes' stallions of the breed of Tros ; not farbehind were they, but close behind, for they seemedever like to mount upon Eumelus' car, and with theirbreath his back waxed warm and his broad shoulders,for right over him did they lean their heads as theyflew along. And now would Tydeus' son havepassed him by or left the issue in doubt, had notPhoebus Apollo waxed wroth with him and smittenfrom his hand the shining lash. Then from his eyesran tears in his wrath for that he saw the marescoursing even far swiftlier still than before, while hisown horses were hampered, as running withoutgoad. But Athene was not unaware of Apollo'scheating of the son of Tydeus, and right swiftlysped she after the shepherd of the host, and gavehim back the lash and put strength into his horses.Then in wrath was she gone after the son of Admetus,and the goddess brake the yoke of his steeds, and tohis cost the mares swerved to this side and that ofthe course, and the pole was swung to the earth ;and Eumelus himself was hurled from out the carbeside the wheel, and from his elbows and his mouthand nose the skin was stripped, and his foreheadabove his brows was bruised ; and both his eyes werefilled with tears and the flow of his voice was checked.Then Tydeus' son turned his single-hooved horsesaside and drave on, darting out far in advance of therest; for Athene put strength in his horses and gaveglory to himself. And after him drave the son ofAtreus, fair-haired Menelaus. But Antilochus called

523

HOMER

8* LTTTTOLcrtv eKeVAero rrarpos eoto* ;

al <7<f>a>'i- TtratWrov orn Ta^tcrra. !

77 rot /iey Ktivoiaiv epiêfjiev ov rt K€\€va>}

TuSetSea) iTTTroicri 8at(f)povos, oloLV 'ABr/vr)1 405vw cope£e rdxos Kal ITT" avra> Kv8os €0r)K€VITTTTOVS 8' 'ArpetSao /aâvere, /^^Se XimrjaOov, \

AWr] dfjXvs eovcra- TL ^ XeiTreade,cSSe yap eêpeai, /cat /ii)i> rereXecrfJêvov ecrraf 410ov cr^cDtV Kop,iSr] Trapa Necrropi TTOI\L€.VI Xaa)Veacrerat, ai)rt/ca S' tyz/ze /cara/CTeyet oêtat /c' aTTOK^TJaavre ^>6pa)êQa X6?povdAA' e(f)ofj,apr€LTov Kal cmevSeTov ornraura 8' eya>^ ai5ro? re^v^cro/iat -T^Se vo^cra), 415crreivtoTraJ ev o8a> TrapaBvfAevat, ovSe //,€ A^cret."

"Q? e<f)ad', ol Se ava/cro? yTroSet'owTe? o//.o/cA^vfjidXXov €7TiSpafjL€Tir]v oXiyov -%povov alifja S' eVetra

oSoy KoiXrjs iSev 'Avrt'Aoôs- /êveâ/a/XTj?.v<]v yalf]?, fj êt/ê/otov aAei/ v8a>p 420

ev oSoto, /3ddvv€ Se x^Pov o*TTavTa.-z

lev MeveAao? a/zaryoo^tas' aAeetVajv.e Traparpeifjas £X€ pwwxa-s ITTTTOVS

6Sov, oXiyov 8e Tra/ja/cAtVa? eStto/cet'.3* e'S8etcre /cat 'AvrtAoÔ) eyeycoêt* 426', a.(fjpa<!)ews tTTTrdêai • dXX' ave^ LTTTTOVS'

os yap 686s, raâ 8' zvpwrepn] rrapeXdaoai'TJ rrcos d[j,<f>OT€povs SÂ^creat appan Kvpaas."

1 Lines 405 f. were rejected by Aristarchus.2 &VO.VTO. : ivepffff.

524,


to the horses of his father : " Go in now, ye twain aswell ; strain to your utmost speed. With yon steedsverily 1 nowise bid you strive, with the horses of wise-hearted Tydeus to the which Athene hath now givenspeed and vouchsafed glory to him that driveththem. But the horses of the son of Atreus do yeovertake with speed, and be not outstripped of them,lest shame be shed on you by Aethe that is but amare. Why are ye outstripped, good steeds ?For thus will I speak out to you, and verily it shallbe brought to pass : no tendance shall there be foryou twain with Nestor, the shepherd of the host,but forthwith will he slay you with the sharp bronze,if through your heedlessness we win but a worseprize. Nay, have after them with all speed ye may,and this will I myself contrive and plan, that weslip past them in the narrow way ; it shall not escapeme."

So spake he, and they, seized with fear at therebuke of their master, ran swiftlier on for a littletime, and then quickly did Antilochus, staunch infight, espy a narrow place in the hollow road. A riftthere was in the ground, where" the water, swollenby winter rains, had broken away a part of the roadand had hollowed all the place. There drave Mene-laus in hope that none other might drive abreast ofhim. But Antilochus turned aside his single-hoovedhorses, and drave on outside the track, and followedafter him, a little at one side. And the son of Atreuswas seized with fear, and shouted to Antilochus :" Antilochus, thou art driving recklessly ; nay, reinin thy horses ! Here is the way straitened, butpresently it will be wider for passing ; lest haplythou work harm to us both by fouling my car."

525

HOMER

*Q? eâr', 'AimAoô? 8' ert /cat 77oAu /ndAAove'Aawe

/ceWpa> eTTiarrep^cov, a*? ou/c atovrt eot/caS?. 430oacra Se Stcr/cow ovpa /caTa>p;aSioio ireXovrai,6V T* aiô? d^rJKev avr^p Tret/ocijLtevo? 17/87]?,rocrow eVtSpaêTTjv • at 8' -^paSTjo-av omaaio'Ar/oetSea)' auTO? yap e/ccov fjie6erjK€V eAawetv,/U7] TTOJ? avyKVpcreiav 68a> eVt /Ltcuvwê? 1777701, 435St'^poy? T' avarpeifiecav ei/7rAe/cea?, Krara 8' aurotei/ KovirjOL Tteaoiev eTretyo/iei'oi Trept VLKTTJS.TOV /cat v€t,K€LCov 7rpoa€(prj £avdos MeveAao?'" 'Avri'Ao^', oy rt? creto fiporajv oXoa>Tepos d'AAo?'e/o/)', eVet ou cr' eru/xdv ye ^cxyuev ireTrvvcrdai 'Aâtot. 440dAA' OT) /icti' oyS' to? drep opxov OLar) aeOXov."

"O? 617TCUV ITTTTOtatV €K€K\€TO ^(jOVfjCTeV T€ '

"jLtT^ />tOt €pVK€adoV JM7)S' eCTTOLTOV a^yVfJ,€VO) K7Jp.

(frdtfcrov'Tai, Tovroiai TroSe? «"at yowa /ca/zovraT) y/xtv a/x^co yap arepôvrai veoT^To?." 445

"Q? €(j)ad' , OL 8e avaKTos yTroSSetaavTe? 6}JiOK\r)vjuaAAov eTriS paper rjv, raâ 8e cr^tatv ay^t

'Apyetot 8' eV dycovt Kadr)p,evot, etVopocovro1777TOUS" TOt 8' €TT€TOVTO KOVIOVTZS 77eStOtO.

8' 'I8op,ereu? Kp^raiv ayos e^pdcra^' LTTTTOVS- 459yap CKTOS dyajvo? inrepraros €V 7repta>7r$-

TOto 8' avev9ev eovros oîo/cA^T^pos'eyvco, (ppdaoaro 8' L'TTTTOV dptTrpeTreaOS TO [JL6V a'AAo TOCTOV (pOWi£ fy, €V Se

AewKov cr^/u,a TCTTJ/CTO TreptVpoôv' i^yre \i-fyi], 455?7 8' op96s Kol ^vQov eV 'Apyetotcriv ecnrev1 Without giving an oath, i.e. that he had used no

trickery in the race ; c/. 585. This of course Antilochuscould not do.526


So spake he, but Antilochus drave on even themore hotly, and plied the goad, as he were one thatheard not. And far as is the range of a discus swungfrom the shoulder, which a young man hurleth,making trial of his strength, even so far ran they on ;but the mares of the son of Atreus gave back, for ofhis own will he forbare to urge them, lest haply thesingle-hooved horses should clash together in thetrack, and overturn the well-plaited cars, and them-selves be hurled in the dust in their eager hastefor victory. Then fair-haired Menelaus chid Anti-lochus, and said : " Antilochus, than thou is noneother of mortals more malicious. Go, and perditiontake thee, since falsely did we Achaeans deem theewise. Howbeit even so shalt thou not bear off theprize without an oath."1

So said he, and called to his horses, saying:" Hold not back, I bid you, neither stand ye still withgrief at heart. Their feet and knees will grow wearybefore yours, for they both are lacking in youth."

So spake he, and they, seized with fear at therebuke of their master, ran swiftlier on, and quicklycame close anigh the others.

pBut the Argives sitting in the place of gatheringwere gazing at the horses, that flew amid the dustover the plain. And the first to mark them wasIdomeneus, leader of the Cretans, for he sat withoutthe gathering, the highest of all, in a place of outlook,and when he heard the voice of him that shouted,albeit afar off, he knew it ; and he was ware of ahorse, shewing clear to view in front, one that wasa bay all the rest of him, but on his forehead was awhite spot round like the moon. And he stood up,and spake among the Argives saying : " My friends,

527

HOMER

" aJ <î'Aot, 'Apyeiajv rjytJTOpes rj$olos eyaiv 17777011? ai)ya£o//,at rje /cat VaAAot IJLOL SoKeovcn Trapoirepot, ejufievai 1777701,aAAo? 8' rjvioxos tvSaAAeraf at Se TTOV avrov 460e)3Aa^8ei> ei' TreSta;, at /cetcre ye fieprepai rjaav•^ roi yap TO,? Trpcora t'Sov 7re/ot reppa jSaAoucras1,t'Ov §' ou 77-77 Swaûat t'Seetv, Trdvrrj Se )U,ot ocrcreTjOtoi'/coi' a//, TreStov TraTTTawerov elaopocuvri.r/e TOV 'f]vio'xpv (frvyov rjvia, ou8e SvvdaOr) 465ei5 aêdeeLV rrepl rep/â, /cat OUAC erv^rjaev e\i£as'€vda /AW €KTT€cre€iv oia) aw 6' apâra, d^cu,at S' e^Tf]pa)rjaav, eTret [tevos e'AAa^Se Qvpov.dAAa, t'Seaê /cat vp,p€s dvacrraSov' ov y&p eyco yeeu Siaytyvcocr/co)* 8o/ceet 8e ûot e/^/xevat avrjp 470AmxiAos1 yever^v, /zero, 8' 'Apyetotcrtv avacrcret,1

lTT7TO$dfJiOV VLOS, Kpa.T€pOS AlO^l'^STJS'."

8' atcr^pco? evevtrrev 'Ol'Aô? ra^vs Ata?', rt Trdpos Xa/3p€V€ai,; at S' er' avevSev

tTTTTOt aepcrtTroSes1 TroAeo? TreStoto Sievrat. 475oii're veajraro? eacrt //,er' 'Apyetotcrt TOOOVTOV,ovre roi o^vrarov /ceâAr^S' e/c SepKrerat oacre*dAA' atet [jivOois AajSpeueaf oi5Se rt ere %p^Xafipayoprjv e'/xeât- Trapa yap /cat d/neivoves aAAot.2

"777701 8' aurat eao-t TrapotVepat, at TO Trdpos irep, 480EujLtTÂou, ev 8' avro? e' cov evXrjpa fieflrjKe."

Tov Se ôAcoaa/zeôs' KpTjrcDv ayo? dvriov rjv8a'" Atav, vet/cos1 aptcrre, /ca/co^paSe's", aAAa re

1 Line 471 was rejected by Aristarchus.2 Line 479 was rejected by Aristarchus.

528


leaders and rulers of the Argives, is it I alone thatdiscern the horses, or do ye as well ? Other are they,meseemeth, that be now in front, and other is thecharioteer that appeareth ; and the mares will havecome to harm out yonder on the plain, they thatwere in front on the outward course. For in truthI marked them sweeping first about the turning-post, but now can I nowhere spy them, though mineeyes glance everywhither over the Trojan plain, as Igaze. Did the reins haply slip from the charioteer,and was he unable to guide the course aright aboutthe post, and did he fail in the turn ? Even there,methinks, must he have been hurled to earth, andhave wrecked his car, and the mares must haveswerved from the course in wild terror of heart.Howbeit stand ye up also, and look; for myself Idiscern not clearly, but the man seemeth to me tobe an Aetolian by race, and is king among theArgives, even the son of horse-taming Tydeus,mighty Diomedes."

Then shamefully chid him swift Aias, son ofO'ileus : " Idomeneus, why art thou a braggart fromof old ? Nay, still afar off are the high-steppingmares speeding over the wide plain. Neither art thouso far the youngest among the Argives, nor do thineeyes look forth from thy head so far the keenliest;yet thou ever pratest loudly. It beseemeth theenot to be loud of speech, for here be others betterthan thou. The selfsame mares are in the lead, thatled of old, even they of Eumelus, and himself hestandeth firmly in the car and holdeth the reins."

Then the leader of the Cretans waxed wroth, andspake in answer : " Aias, thou master of railing,witless in counsel, in all things else thou fallest

VOL. H 2 M 529

HOMER

Seveat 'Apyeicov, 6Vt rot voo? ecrrtv dSeupo vvv, 77 Tpi7To8os TrepiScbfJieOa ye Ae/J^ro?, 485taropa S' 'Arpet8rjV 'Aya/ze/zi'oi'a deiopev a/i<â>,OTTTroVepai 7rpocr$' ITTTTOI, iVa yvwrjS a.7Toriva)v."

"Q? eâr', opvvro S' aurt'/c' 'OtAô? raû? Ata?Xaio/jievos -)â\€TTolaiV a/xeti/facrât eTreeaat,-Kai vv K€ $r) Trporepto er' epts1 yeVer' a/zôTe/aoicrtv, 490et jitT^ 'A^tAAei)? auro? awararo /cat âro pv9ov •" //.ryKeri I'iji' âAeTroto-tv aêiêadov cTr^craw,Alav 'ISouevei? re, KaKois, en-et oySe eot/ce.fcai 3' aAAco vefjiecrdrov, OTIS TOiavrd ye pe'£oi.aAA' v/zei? ev aycDvi KaOrf/jievoi ciaopdaoOe 495?777TOUf ot Se Ta^;' auroc eVeiyo/ievoi Trept VLKTJSevdd8* eAeJcrovraf Tore Se yvataeaOe eKaarosLTTTTOVS 'Apyetcov, ot Seurepoi ot re TrdpoiOev."

*Q,s (fidro, Tvê'toys oe /xaAa CTêSov ?)A0e SIOJ/CCOM,8' aiev e'Aafve KaTOjpa86v ot Se ot t'vrTTOt 500

oa* d€ip€adr)v ptfji(f)a Trprjaaol 8' rjvioôv Kovfys joaâfttyye? e

8e %pvaq) 7T€TrvKaa/j,€va Kaacn.T€pa) reITTTTOt? CO/CUTToSeCTCTtV €7T€Tpe%OV' OuSe' Tt TToXXrj

ytyver' emaocoTpcov dp/xarpo^t^ Ka-roTnaQev 505eV AeTTTr} KOVLTTJ • rco 8e CTTrewSoarrfj Se /xe'cra) ev aycDvt, TroAu? 8' d

e/c re Xofyaiv /cat aTro arepvoio8' e/c St^poto âp.at 0ope8' apa /xacrrtya TTOTI £,vyov. ovoe /LtaT^dev 510

i(f)6i[jLos ^deveXos, aAA* ecrcrUjueVajs1 Aaj8* aedXov,530


behind the other Argives, for thy mind is stubborn.Come now, let us wager a tripod or a cauldron, andas umpire betwixt us twain let us choose Atreus' sonAgamemnon, as to which mares are in the lead—thatthou mayest learn by paying the price."

So spake he, and forthwith uprose in wrath swiftAias, son of Oi'leus, to answer him with angry words ;and yet further would the strife between the twainhave gone, had not Achilles himself stood up, andspoken, saying : " No longer now, O Aias and Ido-meneus, answer ye one another with angry words,with evil words, for that were unseemly. Ye haveindignation with another, whoso should act thus.Nay, sit ye down in the place of gathering, andwatch ye the horses ; full soon in their eagerhaste for victory will they come hither, andthen shall ye know, each man of you, the horsesof the Argives, which be behind, and which in thelead."

So spake he, and Tydeus' son came hard anighas he drave, and with his lash dealt many a strokedown from the shoulder ; and his horses leapt onhigh as they swiftly sped on their way. And everdid flakes of dust smite the charioteer, and hischariot overlaid with gold and tin ran on behindthe swift-footed horses, and small trace there was ofthe wheel tires behind in the light dust, as the twainflew speeding on. Then he drew up in the midstof the place of gathering, and in streams the sweatflowed from the necks and chests of the horses tothe ground. And Diomedes himself leapt to theground from his gleaming car, and leaned the goadagainst the yoke. Neither did mighty Sthenelusanywise tarry, but speedily took the prize, and gave

531

HOMER

ScD/ce 8' ayetv erdpoiaiv VTTepBvfjioiai, ywat/caKal TptTroS' a)ra)€vra (f>€pew 6 8' e'Auev u<^>' LTTTTOVS.

To) 8' ap' CTT' 'Avrt'Aoô? NÂTyros" yXaoev LTTTTOVS,/ce'pSecrtVj ou rt rdêt ye, 7rapa<f)()d[j,€vos MeveAaov 515dAAd /cat cS? MeWAao? e^ eyyvQev cZ»/ce'a? t7T7roi»s"ocrcrov Se rpoôv ITTTTOS dîcrrcnai, 6$ pa d'va/cra

TOU jU,eV re iftavovaw eTTLffcrcorpov rpês a/cpatoypataf o Se T' ay^t p,aAa rpeêt, oj)8e Tt TroAA^ 520âip?j nearayyvs, TroAeo? TreSiotoroaaov 817 Meve'Aao? a/j,vfjLovosAetTrer' • arap TO. TrpcDra /cat e? SicrKovpa AeAet77ro,aAAa p;tv at^ra Ki%avev dêAAero yap pevos i)uITTTTOV TTJ? 'Ayap:e/x,t'OJ/e7jsi, KaAXirpt,x°S AWrjS' 525ei 8e /c* en Trporepco yeVero Spo/io? a.ôrlpoioi,TO) /ceV /uv TrapeAacrcr' ouS'1 (t^rfpiarov e6r]K€V.avrap M^ptovT]?, Qepdrrcov evs 'ISo/ievô?,AetTrer' aya/cAô? MeveAaou Soupog- epa>r)V/3dpSiCTTOL fj,ev yap ol ecrav KaXXirpiês ITTTTOL, 530rjKiaros 8' ^v auro? eAawe'p,ev app,' ev ayaivt.uto? 8' 'A8/xr^Toto Travvararos yXvdev aAAwv,e'A/cajv app-ara /caAa, e'Aawtoi' rrpooroodev2 'LTTTTOVS.TOV Se I'Saw a>KT€ip€ TToSap/CTj? 8to? 'A^tAAews1,OTas 8' ap' ev 'Apyetots1 eVea Tvrepoevr' dyopet>e* 535

Xolo6os dvrjp aJpicrTOS eAawet fj,a>vv){as ITTTTOVS 'dAA' aye ST^ ot Sco/zev dedXiov, a>s eVtetKe's",Seyrep'- drap TO. TrpcSra <f>€p€cr6aj TfSe'o? vlos."

a£ls e<f>a6*, ot 8' apa Trdvres1 eTrffveov ws e'/ceAefe./cat vy /ce' otf Tropev ITTTTOV, €7ri]vr]crav yap 'Aâtot, 540

Trape\a.ff<r' ov8': ira.pt\aaaev ?) Zenodotus.2 irpoffaodei': uKeas Zenodotus.

532


to his comrades, high of heart, the woman and theeared tripod to bear away; and himself loosed thehorses from beneath the yoke.

And next after him Antilochus of the stock ofNeleus drave his horses, for that by guile, and nowiseby speed, had he outstripped Menelaus ; howbeiteven so Menelaus guided his swift horses closebehind. Far as a horse is from the wheel, a horsethat draweth his master over the plain, and strainethat the car—the tire thereof do the hindmost hairs ofhis tail touch, for it runneth close behind, and butscant space is there between, as he courseth overthe wide plain—even by so much was Menelausbehind peerless Antilochus, though at the first hewas behind far as a man hurleth the discus ; howbeitquickly was he overtaking Antilochus, for the goodlymettle of the mare of Agamemnon, fair-maned Aethe,waxed ever higher. And if the course had been yetlonger for the twain, then had he passed him by,neither left the issue in doubt. But Meriones,valiant squire of Idomeneus, was a spear-cast behindglorious Menelaus, for slowest of all were his fair-maned horses, and himself least skilled to drive achariot in the race. And the son of Admetus camein last, behind all the rest, dragging his fair chariotand driving his horses before him. And at sight ofhim swift-footed, goodly Achilles had pity and hestood up amid the Argives, and spake winged words :" Lo, in the last place driveth his single-hooved horsesthe man that is far the best. But come, let us givehim a prize, as is meet, a prize for the second place ;but the first let the son of Tydeus bear away."

So spake he, and they all assented even as hebade. And now would he have given him the mare

533

HOMER

ei [J,r) ap* 'AvriXoôs pcyaOvfJiov Necrropos vtosnÂeiSrji/ 'A^tAiâ 81/07 rjpeiifjaT* dvaards'" & 'AîAeu, fjidXa rot /ceôAdWo/zat, at /ce reXeacrrjSTOVTO eVos" jue'AAei? yap dâiprjcreadaL aedXov,rd <j)pov€O>v on ol fiXdfizv apâra /cat raê" 177770) 545

T' ecrOXos €u>v dAA' ajêAev aOavdroiawTO) K OV Tl TTCLVVaTaTOS TTjXOe

ei Se fjiiv oi/CTetpei? /cat rot </>t'Ao? en-Aeroecrrt rot et» KXiairj -%pvaos TroXvs, ecrrt 8e/cat Tr/odâr', etat Se rot SjUaiat /cat /xcovuês' tTTTror 550ra)i> ot eTretr' dveAcor Sdûei'm /cat ^1t,ov azdXov,rje /cat auri'/ca vw, tVa CT' alvrjawaw 'Aâtot.T^ 8' e'yco GJ) Scoaw 7?ept 8' awTTjs1

os /c' edeXrjcriv epol êtpecrai

cjidro, fj,€i&rjV€V Se TroSd/a/c^? Sto? 'A^tAAew 555o), ort ot <f)iXo$ Têv IraZpos'

/cat ywtj/ dfMeifiopevos eVea TTrepoevra TrpoaryvSa-" 'Avrt'Ao^', et jLtev 8^ yue /ceAeyet? oiKoOev d'AAoEu/>t7jAa) eTTtSowat, eya> 8e /ce /cat ro reAeacra».

ot OwprjKa, rov 'Acrre/3O77aiov a,Trr)vpu>v, QQQa) Trept -x£vp,a <f>aeivov Kaaairepoio

TroXeos 8e ot a£iov earat."^H pa, /cat Ayro/xeSo^Tt ^t'Aaj etteXevcrev eraipq)

otcre/êvat /cAtat'^êv d 8' arêro /cat ot eveiKev,771 5 / \ <J» > ' '/3 f £ < 5> '/* ' 1tjVjU-Âa) o e^ %e/ocrt rtt/ef o oe oefaro âtpajv. 535

Totat 8e /cat Meve'Aao? aviararo 6vp,6v'Aj^rtAdâ) d[J,orov /ceôAcojiteVo? • ev 8' dpa

1 Line 565 is omitted in the best MSS.534


—for the Achaeans assented thereto—but thatAntilochus, son of great-souled Nestor, uprose andanswered Achilles, son of Peleus, to claim his due :" Achilles, sore wroth shall I be with thee if thoufulfil this word, for thou art minded to rob me ofmy prize, bethinking thee of this, how his chariot andhis swift horses came to harm, and himself withal,good man though he be. Nay, he should have madeprayer to the immortals, then had he nowise comein last of all in the race. But if so be thou pitiesthim, and he be dear to thy heart, lo, in thy hut isgreat store of gold, and bronze is there and sheep,aye, and handmaids too, and single-hooved horses.Thereof do thou hereafter take and give him even agoodlier prize, or even now forthwith, that theAchaeans may applaud thee. But the mare will Inot yield ; for her let any man that will, essay to dobattle with me by might of hand."

So spake he, and swift-footed, goodly Achillessmiled, having joy in Antilochus, for that he was hisdear comrade ; and he made answer, and spaketo him winged words : " Antilochus, if thou wilthave me give to Eumelus some other thing fromout my house as a further prize, even this will I do.I will give him the corselet that I took fromAsteropaeus ; of bronze is it, and thereon is set incircles a casting of bright tin, and it shall be to hima thing of great worth."

He spake, and bade his dear comrade Automedonbring it from the hut; and he went and brought it,and placed it in Eumelus' hands ; and he received itgladly.

Then among them uprose also Menelaus, sorevexed at heart, furiously wroth at Antilochus ; and

535

HOMER

re K'Apyetous1' o 8' eVetra /j,€rf]v8a laoOeos </>t6s"

'Aim'Aoê, irpocrdev 7T€7rvvfJ,€V€ , TTOLOV epeâs. 570fjaxvvas [lev e[j,r)v apeTTJv, /SAaâ? Se' /zot ITTTTOWS,rovs oovs irpoade jSaAcov, 01 rot TTO\V êipove? rjaav.dAA' ayer', >Kpyeiojv rjyTJropcs rj8e [teBovTes,e? \i€<yov ap<f)OT€pOLcri, StKrctcrcrare, yu,7yS' CTT' dptoyfj,fj,r] 77OT6 rt? fCTT^CTLV *A.%cuioi> âA/co^tTOJôtv • 575

'AvriAoôv ifjevSeaai ^t^cTa/xevos1 MeFeAao?oi'êrat ITTTTOV aycov, on ol TTO\V xeipoves rjcravITTTTOL, ayro? 8e Kpeiaacuv aperfj re ^t7y re.'€t §' ay' eyajp' ayros1 8t/cacrco, /cat jtt' oy rtva ^/ztd'AAov evrtTT Xriêiv Aavaatv Ideia yap ecrrat. 580'Avrt'Ao^;', et 8' aye 8evpo, 8iorp€(j)es, rj 0€fJ,is ecrrt,1

aras1 ITTTTWV irpoTrdpoide /cat a/jyuaro?, awra./? t/ia-

€%€ pa8i,vrjv, fj -nep TO TrpoaBzvaufrdpevos yair)o%ov evvocrLyaiov/j,r] /juev €K(JL)V ro ep,6v 8oAa> dp/xa TfeSTyom." 585

Toi/ 8' awr' 'AvriXoôs TTeTrvvpevos dvriov r)v8a'av<r%6o vvv TroAAov yap eya> ye vewrepos et^tt

creto, d'va^ MeêAae, av 8e Trporepos /cat dpeicov.ota#' otat t'eou d^Spo? vnepfiaoiai reXedovcn-KpaiTTvorepos fjiev yap re voos, AeTrr-^ 8e re /z^Tt?. 590TCU rot eTTtrA^roj Kpa8ir) ' LTTTTOV 8e rot ayro?St6cra>, r^ dp6/j,^v. et /cat W /cet1 oiKodev d'AAofjielôv eTratrâetas1, d'âp /ce' rot ayrt/ca Sowai



a herald gave the staff into his hand, and proclaimedsilence among the Argives ; and thereafter spakeamong them the godlike man :

Antilochus, thou that aforetime wast wise, whata thing hast thou wrought! Thou hast put my skillto shame and hast thwarted my horses, thrusting tothe front thine own that were worser far. Come now,ye leaders and rulers of the Argives, judge ye arightbetwixt us twain, neither have regard unto either,lest in aftertime some one of the brazen-coatedAchaeans shall say : ' Over Antilochus did Menelausprevail by lies, and depart with the mare, forthat his horses were worser far, but himself themightier in worth and in power.' Nay, but I willmyself declare the right, and I deem that none otherof the Danaans shall reproach me, for my judgmentshall be just. Antilochus, fostered of Zeus, up, comethou hither and, as is the appointed way, stand thoubefore thy horses and chariot, and take in hand theslender lash with which aforetime thou wast wont todrive, and laying thy hand on thy horses swear byhim that holdeth and shaketh the earth that not ofthine own will didst thou hinder my chariot byguile."

Then in turn Avise Antilochus answered him :" Bear with me, now, for far younger am I than thou,king Menelaus, and thou art the elder and the betterman. Thou knowest of what sort are the trans-gressions of a man that is young, for hasty is he ofpurpose, and but slender is his wit. Wherefore letthy heart be patient; the mare that I have won willI give thee of myself. Aye, and if thou shouldst asksome other goodlier thing from out my house, forth-with were I fain to give it thee out of hand, rather

537

HOMER

jSouAot/zrjv r? aol ye, StorpeêV, y/jiaTa Trdvra€K dvfjiov TTtaeeiV /cat Saipoaiv eu>at dAtTpd?." 595

TH pa, /cat LTTTTOV ayajv fjieyadvôv Nearopos vlosev êt'peom rLQei MeveAdou • roto 8et-avdiq (1)? et re Trepi araûecrcrtvAijtbu aAS^crKrovTos1, ore fypLaaovaiv apovpai'cos apa, croi, MeveAae, fjuera fipeal dvfj,os IdvOv). 600/cat jU.tt' (fxjovTJcras eVea Trrepoevra 7rpoar]v&a'

w /xeV rot eywv U7roei|o/>iai auro?€7ret oil rt Trapijopos ow

Trdpos' vvv aure vdov vt/CTjcreSeurepoy aur' dAeacrât dftetvova? rjTTepo7rev€t,v. 605ow yap /ceV jue ra^;' d'AAo? dj^^/a TrapeTretcrevdAAa cru yap ST) TrdAA' evades /cat jroAA' ejcrds1 re Trarrjp dyados /cat dSeAêo? etVe/c' e/êto-TO) rot AtcrcroyueVo) eTrtTretcroât, i^Se /cat ITTTTOVSdocra) €fj,tjv Trep eovcrav, Iva yva)O)Oi /cat oi'Se 610CO? e/AOJ OU 7TOT6 Qvp,OS V7T€p(f>La\OS KOL OLTTrjV^S."

*H pa, /cat 'Ap-TtAdôto No^/.op't Sto/cei> eVat'pa)ayew 6 8' eVetra Ae)87]0' e'Ae 7rap,^>avdcovTa.

S' dvdeipe §uco ^pvaolo rdXavra, <*>s e'Aacrev. rrefji'TTTov 8' UTrcAetVer' aedXov, 615

cj)idXr] • TT^V Necrropt ScD/cev 'A^tAAeu?'Apyetcov dv' dyaiva êpwv, /cat e'etTre Trapaords""TT^ vw, /cat croi rovro, yepov, Kei^rjXiov ecrra),IlaTpd/cAoto rd(f)ov [Avfjfji,' ept/zevat- ov yap eV aurovo^rry ev 'Apyetotat1 StScopM Se TOI roS' aedXov 620aurcos" ou yap TTV^ ye yLta^creat, oySe538


than all my days be cast out of thy heart, thounurtured of Zeus, and be a sinner in the eyes of thegods."

So spake the son of great-souled Nestor, and ledup the mare, and gave her into the hands of Menelaus.And his heart was gladdened even as the corn whenwith the dew upon the ears it waxeth ripe, whattime the fields are bristling. In such wise, Menelaus,was thy heart gladdened in thy breast. Thenhe spake winged words unto Antilochus, saying :" Antilochus, lo now, I of myself cease from mineanger against thee, since nowise flighty or light ofwit wast thou of old, albeit now hath thy youth gotthe better of thy reason. Another time seek not tooutwit thy betters. Verily not soon should anotherof the Achaeans have persuaded me, but thou hastsuffered greatly and toiled greatly, thou and thybrave father and thy brother, for my sake ; where-fore I will hearken to thy prayer, aye, and will giveunto thee the mare, for all she is mine own, to theend that these too may know that my heart is neverover-haughty neither unbending."

He spake, and gave the mare unto Noemon, thecomrade of Antilochus, to lead away, and himselfthereafter took the shining cauldron. And Merionestook up the two talents of gold in the fourth place, evenas he drave ; but the fifth prize was left unclaimed,even the two-handled urn. Unto Nestor Achillesgave this, bearing it through the gathering of theArgives ; and he came to his s,ide, and said : " Takethis now, old sire, and let it be treasure for thee, amemorial of Patroclus' burying ; for nevermore shaltthou behold him among the Argives. Lo, I givethee this prize unwon ; for not in boxing shalt thou

539

HOMER

aKovriarvv ecrSucreat, ov8e TroSccrcriyap âAeTrov /caret yfjpasIv X€Pa^ Ti-Qzi- 6 6° cSe^

Krai yiiu' <f>a)vr)(ja$ eVea Trrepoeyra TTpoarjvSa,' 625vat 817 ravrd ye Travra, re'/co?, Kara piotpav eetTres"

ou yap eV e//,77€§a yuia, ^>t'Ao?, TroSe?, ou§' en

c ? rjcooifjii / t T ] re />tot077ore Kpeiovr* 'Ayuapuy/cea Bdirrov 'Erreiot 630

, 77at8e? Se 6eaavow Ttj /xoi p,oios avrip y e e r , ovr apauTcui' nuAia;v OUT' AtTcoAaii/

€VLKr]cra uTO/ iea , ÔTTOS" utov,Se TraA^ IIAeupajt'tov, o? /uoi dveorrf 635

v\^>iK\ov 8e TToSecrcrt TzapeSpa^tot' ecrdXov eovra,Soupt 8' imeipefiaXov QvArjd re /cat

/u,' tTTTTOtcrt TTdprjXaoav 'A/cropta>ve,Trpoade jSaAovre?, ayacrcra/ieôt Trept

owe/ca Si] TO. yLteytara Trap' auro^t AetVer' aeOXa. 640ot 8' ap' ecrav S/Supoot* o juev e)u-77eSov r)Vi6%€V€v,

toêt;', o S' a/oa jLtacrnytTTOT' eW- i/w aure feojrepot

1 It seems impossible to give a satisfactory interpretation ofthe enigmatic phrase tr\i]dei irpoffde /SaXofre?. Aristarchus heldthat the Actoriones derived an advantage from their compositeform — one body with two heads, four arms and four legs —but that Nestor's protest against this was overruled. Twoother explanations are given by the Scholiast : (1) that theActoriones entered more than one chariot, and so impededtheir rivals ; (2) that the majority of those taking part inthe race conspired to give them an unfair advantage at thestart.

2 I take the meaning of this passage to be the following :540


contend, neither in wrestling, nor shalt thou enterthe lists for the casting of javelins, neither run uponthy feet ; for now grievous old age weigheth heavyupon thee."

So saying he placed the urn in his arms, andNestor received it gladly, and spake, and addressedhim with winged words : " Aye, verily, my son, allthis hast thou spoken aright, for my limbs, even myfeet, are no more firm, O my friend, as of old, nor domy arms as of old dart out lightly from my shoulderson either side. Would that I were young, and mystrength were firm as on the day when the Epeianswere burying lord Amarynceus at Buprasium, andhis sons appointed prizes in honour of the king.Then was there no man that proved himself mypeer, neither of the Epeians nor of Pylians them-selves nor of the great-souled Aetolians. In boxingI overcame Clytomedes, son of Enops, and in wrest-ling Ancaeus of Pleuron, who stood up against me ;Iphiclus I outran in the foot-race, good man thoughhe was ; and in casting the spear I outthrew Phyleusand Polydorus. In the chariot race alone the twainsons of Actor outstripped me by force of numbers x

crowding their horses to the front, being exceedingjealous for victory, for that the goodliest prize abodeyet there in the lists.2 Twin brethren were they—-the one drave with sure hand, drave with sure hand,while the other plied the goad. Thus was I on atime, but now let men that be younger face such-Nestor had been successful in all four preceding contests,but the prizes for the chariot-race—the most important ofall—remained yet in the lists, unwon. The Actoriones weretherefore " exceeding jealous for victory," hoping that bywinning the chiefest prize they might lessen the humiliationof their previous defeats.

541

HOMER

epycov roLOvra)v e/ê Se %pr) yrfpai Auypo)7rei0ecr$ai, Tore 8' aure /jLereTrpCTrov rjpweaoiv. 645dAA' i$i /cat croi' eralpov deOXoicri /crepeiê.

rovro 8' e'ya) Trpofipajv Se'ô/zai, âtpet 8e /xoia>s {A£v aet /ieyuvT/crat evrjeos, ouSe aeTinfjs 6* rjs T€ ^ €oiK€ TeTi/ZTjcr^cu /xe

crot Se 0eo6 TatJ^S' avrt X^-PLV fAevoeiKea Sotev." 650"O? (j)dro, ITÂetSTj? Se TTO\VV Kad' o/ttAov 'AâtcDv

aêr', eTret TTOVT' alvov €77e/cAue N-Âet'Sao.avrap 6 TTvyâîr^s dAe'yeivfjs drJKev aeÂa-rfiMovov raXaepyov aycov /careS^cr' ei^ dyaivie^-ere* dS//,^T7î/, 17 T' dXyiarr] Sajudaacrâi • 655ra» 8' apa viKrjOevTi riOei terras d/Ji<f>iKV7T€XXov.crrrj 8' opdo$ /cat pvOov ev *Apyeioiow ee

ArpeiS^ re /cat d'AAot ev/o'iû.iSavSpe Suaj Trept rawSe /ceAeuo/zev, JS Trep dpt'crTco,7ri)£ /zaA' dâcrÔjiieâ) TiîrXr^yêv & Se AC' 'AvroA-

AOJV 660

JiôvLfiv, yvo)o>ai 8e Tray-re? 'raXaepyov aycov /cAimTyi'S

avrap 6 vtKTjdeis SeVa? otaerat dpfiiKVTreXXov.""O? eâr', opvvro 8' awrt/c' dvT^p ^w re neyas re

etSco? TTvy/jia.xi'rjs, uto? RavoTTTyo? 'ETreto?, 665aijjo.ro 8* rifjiiovov raXaepyov ^tuvrjazv re-

dcrcrov ITCD 6V Tt? SeVa? otcrerat8' ou ^>7jp:t rtt'' aêjjiev aXXov '

viKijaaVT*, €7T€L euÔjiiat eivai a'ptaros'.542


like tasks ; me it behoveth to yield to grievous oldage, but then was I pre-eminent among warriors.But come, for thy comrade too hold thou funeral riteswith contests. For this gift, I receive it with glad-ness, and my heart rejoiceth that thou ever remem-berest me, thy friend, neither am I forgotten of thee,and the honour wherewith it beseemeth that I behonoured among the Achaeans. And to thee maythe gods in requital hereof grant grace to satisfy thyheart."

So spake he, and the son of Peleus went his waythrough the great throng of the Achaeans, when hehad hearkened to all the praise of the son of Neleus.Then set he forth prizes for grievous boxing. Asturdy mule he brought and tethered in the placeof gathering, a mule of six years, unbroken, the whichis hardest of all to break ; and for him that should beworsted he appointed a two-handled cup. Then hestood up, and spake among the Argives, saying :" Son of Atreus, and ye other well-greaved Achaeans,for these prizes we invite warriors twain, the bestthere are, to lift up their hands and box amain. Lethim to whom Apollo shall grant "strength to endure,and all the Achaeans have knowledge thereof, go hisway to his hut leading the sturdy mule ; but he thatis worsted shall bear as his prize the two-handledcup."

So spake he, and forthwith uprose a man valiantand tall, well-skilled in boxing, even Epeius, son ofPanopeus ; and he laid hold of the sturdy mule, andspake, saying : " Let him draw nigh, whoso is tobear as his prize the two-handled cup : the muleI deem that none other of the Achaeans shall leadaway, by worsting me with his fists, for I avow me

543

HOMER

07 ov% aAt? orrt jua^rj? e7rtSeuop,at; ouS' apa Trot? r)V 670eV TrdVreCTor' epyotat Sarj{j,ova <f>a>Ta yeve'cr$at.

<3Se yap eêpecu, TO Se /cat TereAeaju,eVoi' carat*xpoa re pij£<JO avv r' ocrre" dpd£a>.

Se ot evâS' aoAAe'e? au^t fj,ev6vTa)v,

01 /<:e />ttv eôiaovaiv 6/^77? ^TTO X€Pa^ ScijLteWa." 675"Q? e<f)ad', ot 8' apa Trdvres aKrjV eyeVovro atajTr^.

EvpuaAos Se ot oto? avtararo, iaodeos (f>(As,vios TaXaiovi8ao oVa/cro?,

r8' Â0e 8e8oi»77oro? OtStTroSao

e? Ta(f)ov evda Se rrdvras eviKa KaSjUetajva?. 680TOV p:ei/ TuSet'Sr/? 8oupt/cAvr6? dfJL(f>e7ToveiTO

6apowu>v eTTecnv, jLteya 8' aurai jSowAero vtV-^v.

Se ot Trpairov TrapaKafifiaAev, avrap eVetra

evrfjit^rovs /8oo? aypauAoto.rco Se ^6Dcrap.eva> prjTfjv e? peaaov dy&va, 685

avra 8' avaaô/xevco xepcri anfiapfjaw a/*' a/z^ca

crw p" erreaov, ovv 8e cr^t ^Sapetat êtpe? ep.t^êt'.

Se p^po/xaSo? yevvcov yeVer', eppee S' tSpco?

ev 6K pêAe'cov • eVt 8' opvvro Sto? 'ETTCIO?,

Se TraTTTâvTa irapr}iov • ouS' ap' en S^v 690

avrov yap vTnjpiTre <ât'Stjua yfta.

c5? S' 6' ' VTTO ^pt/co? Bope'aj avaTraAAerat lÔvs

6iv* eV (frvKioevTL, peXav1 8e e /cup,' eKaXvijiev,

cos TrA^yet? aveVaAro. cxrap peyd6v[J,os 'ETreto?êpcrt Aap^coi' cop^coae • 0t'Aot 8' d/xê'arav eVaipot, 695ot ju.ti' ayot' 8t' aycDvos1 eêA/co/xeVoiat TroSeacrtv

1 /ui.e\ai>: n^ya.

544.

t


to be the best man. Sufficeth it not that I fall shortin battle ? One may not, meseemeth, prove him aman of skill in every work. For thus will I speak, andverily this thing shall be brought to pass : utterly willI rend his flesh and crush his bones. Wherefore letthem that be next of kin abide here in a throng, thatthey may bear him forth when worsted by my hands."

So spake he, and they all became hushed in silence.Euryalus alone uprose to face him, a godlike man,son of king Mecisteus, son of Talaus, who on a timehad come to Thebes for the burial of Oedipus, whenhe had fallen, and there had worsted all the sons ofCadmus. And Tydeus' son, famed for his spear,made Euryalus ready, heartening him with words,and much he wished for him victory. A girdle firsthe cast about him, and thereafter gave him well-cutthongs of the hide of an ox of the field. So thetwain, when they had girded themselves, steppedinto the midst of the place of gathering, and liftingtheir mighty hands on high one against the other,fell to, and their hands clashed together in heavyblows. Dread then was the grinding of their teeth,and the sweat flowed on every side from off their limbs.But upon him goodly Epeius rushed as he peered foran opening, and smote him on the cheek, nor after that,methinks, did he long stand upright, for even theredid his glorious limbs sink beneath him. And as whenbeneath the ripple of the North Wind a fish leapethup on the tangle-strewn sand of a shallow, and thenthe black wave hideth it, even so leapt up Euryaluswhen he was smitten. But great-souled Epeius tookhim in his hands and set him on his feet, and hisdear comrades thronged about him and led himthrough the place of gathering with trailing feet,

VOL. II 2 N 545

HOMER

aTfj,a Traû Trruovra, /cdpry fidXXovO*

/cdS 8" dXXo(f)pov€ovra /zero, o(f)iaiV claav ayovres,

avrol S' otôwevot /co/ZKrav SeVas1 d/i</>t/ameAAov4

S' aii/r' a'AAa Kara rpira drJKev aeÂa, 700

Aavaotcrt, TraAatcr

ra) )U.ev viKrjoavri peyav T/atTroS'

rov Se 8va>8eKoiôiov evl a<f>iai rlov '

a^Spt 8e viKrfizvTi ywat/c' e? \ieoaov

TToAAa S' fTriararo ep-ya, TLOV 8e e Teaaapd(3oiov. 705

(TT^ S' Op0OS KOL fJLvdoV €V 'ApyeiOtCTtV €61776^'

opvvad* OL /cat TOVTOV aeOXov -jreLpâeadov."

&S ecfrar', &pro 8' eWira yueya? TeAa/icovtos' Ata?,

aj/ 8' 'OSfcrez)? TroXvfJi'rjrLS aviararo, KtpSea et'Saj?.

êocra/zeVaj 8' a/sa TO; y€ /3dT7]v e$ peaaov dycDâ, 710

dy/ccx? 8' dAATjAajt' Xaêrrjv X€Pa^ vrifiapfjcnv

d)S or' dfieifiovTes, rovs re /cAyros1 tfpape re/crcov

SctJjLAa/TOS1 vifjiqXoio, /3ias dvefjicov

rerptyet 8' apa vcora Opaaeidcov O.TTO

eA/co/xeva crrepecos" /cara Se vorto? /Jeev IBpais, 715

TTVKval Se o-jLtajStyyes1 dâ TrXevpds re /cat a>fiovs

atjLtart </>oti't/coecroiai dveSpap,ov • ol Se /.tctA' cuet

viKf]s lecrdrjv rpiTroSos irepi Trot^-roto •

OUT' 'OSyo-ews1 Suvaro a<j)fjXai ou'Set re TreXdaarai,

OVT* ALCIS SiWro, Kparepr) S' eêi' t? 'OSyaiyos1. 720

dAA' ore ST^ p" avLaôv

546


spitting out clotted blood and letting his head hang toone side ; and they brought him wandering in hiswits and set him down in the midst of their company,and themselves went and fetched the two-handledcup.

Then the son of Peleus forthwith ordained in thesight of the Danaans other prizes for a third contest,even for toilsome wrestling—for him that shouldwin, a great tripod to stand upon, the fire, that theAchaeans prized amongst them at the worth oftwelve oxen ; and for him that should be worstedhe set in the midst a woman of manifold skill inhandiwork, and they prized her at the worth of fouroxen. And he stood up and spake among theArgives, saying : " Up now, ye twain that will makeessay likewise in this contest." So spake he, andthereat arose great Telamonian Aias, and up stoodOdysseus of many wiles, he of guileful mind. Thenthe twain, when they had girded themselves, steppedinto the midst of the place of gathering, and laid holdeach of the other in close grip with their mightyhands, even as the gable rafters of a high house,which some famous craftsman joineth together, thathe may have shelter from the might of the winds.And their backs creaked beneath the violent tuggingof bold hands, and the sweat flowed down in streams ;and many a weal, red with blood, sprang up alongtheir ribs and shoulders ; and ever they strove amainfor victory, to win the fashioned tripod. Neithermight Odysseus avail to trip Aias and throw him tothe ground, nor Aias him, for the mighty strengthof Odysseus held firm. But when at the lastthey were like to weary the well-greaved Achaeans,

547

HOMER

817 rore [iiv TrpocreeiTre /ne'ya? TeAap^dWo? Aias"Sioyeves AaepridS^, TroAu/zTâv' 'OSucrcrev,

17 /u,' dvJeip', T) eyw ere* TO, 8' au Alt Travra êA^cret.""Q? eiTTWv dvdape- SoAou 8* ou A^0er' 'OSucrcreus" 725

KO! ' oTTidev KO)\rj7Ta TVXWV, inreXvae 8e yvia,Ka8 S' e)SaA' eôTTioa) • eVt Se orijOeaaiv 'OSycraeus1

/caTTTrecre* Aaot 8' ai; drjevvro re QdjjL^rioa.v re.Seurepo? aur' avaetpe TroAvrAas1 Sto? 'OSucrcrews',Kivycrev 8' apa rvrdov avro Ôovos, ouSe T' aeipev, 730ei/ 8e yo^ti yvdiîfjev • ITTL 8e -^dovlTT\f]a-Loi dAATjAotCTi, [J,idv9r)(rav SeKai vv K6 TO rpLrov avris dvaiâvr^ iraXaiov,el pr) 'A^tAAeu? awro? avt'o-raro /cat KarepvKe'

€Ty epeifteodov, ^tTjSe rpi[3ea9e KciKolai' 7358' dnôrepoLaiv de'Âta 8' iff'

', o^pa «rat d'AAot deÂeucuait' '"Q? e<l>a.Qy , ot 8' dpa roy /zaAa /xej/ /cAuoi' -^Se Tridovro,

Kai p" aTroôpâ/xevto K.ovli]v ovaavro pîTcDi/a?.nTjAetS^s1 8' ati/r' aAAa rtêt ravvrrJTOs aeOXa, 740

dpyvpeov Kprjrrjpa, rervypevov e£ 8' d'pa perpaXavSavev, avrdp /cdAAei evuca Trdaav CTT' atavTroAAov, eVet IjtSdve? 77oAu8at'8aAot ew -fjaKrjaav,QOLVIKCS 8' d'yov dVSpe? eV êpoeiSe'a TTOVTOV,ar^crav 8' ev Ai/ieVecrcrt, 0oai/Tt 8e ScDpov e'Stu/cav 745uto? 8e Hptd/xoio Au/cdoyo? cSyov e'Sco/ceITarpo/cAa) '

1 The word Kdi\7]\f/ was as unknown to the ancients as itis to us ; any rendering must be purely conjectural.

2 Jason was the son, Euneos the grandson, of Thoas.548


then unto Odysseus spake great Telamonian Aias,saying : " Zeus-born, son of Laertes, Odysseus ofmany wiles, lift thou me, or let me lift thee ; but theissue shall rest with Zeus."

He spake, and lifted him ; but Odysseus forgatnot his guile. He smote with a sure blow the hollowof Aias' knee 1 from behind, and loosed his limbs, sothat he was thrown backward, and Odysseus fellupon his chest; and the people gazed thereon andwere seized with wonder. Then in his turn themuch-enduring goodly Odysseus essayed to lift,and moved him a little from the ground, but liftedhim not; howbeit he crooked his knee within thatof Aias ; and upon the ground the twain fell onehard by the other, and were befouled with dust.And now would they have sprung up again for thethird time and have wrestled, but that Achilleshimself uprose, and held them back : " No longerstrain ye now, neither be worn with pain. Victoryis with you both ; take then equal prizes and goyour ways, that other Achaeans too may strive."

So spake he, and they readily hearkened to himand obeyed, and wiping from their bodies the dustthey put upon them their tunics.

Then the son of Peleus straightway set forth otherprizes for fleetness of foot: a mixing-bowl of silver,richly-wrought; six measures it held, and in beautyit was far the goodliest in all the earth, seeing thatSidonians, well skilled in deft handiwork, hadwrought it cunningly, and men of the Phoeniciansbrought it over the murky deep, and landed it inharbour, and gave it as a gift to Thoas ; and as aransom for Lycaon, son of Priam, Jason's sonEuneos2 gave it to the warrior Patroclus. This bowl

549

HOMER

KOL TOV 'A^tAAeu? dfJKev de$Atoi> ofi Irdpoio,os TI? eXafiporaros rroaal Kpairrvolm TreAotro-oevrepw au /Sow drJKe jj,eyav KCU rriova orjfiaj, 750rujtiraXavrov Se %pvaov XoiaQrfC edr]K€.arr\ 8' opdos KOI fJivQov €v 'Apyetotcrtv eenrcv" opvvaO* ot /cai rovrov aeQXov TreipTJcrecrOe."a>s eiâr', opvvro S' aurt/c' 'Oi'Aôs1 ra^vs At'a?,aj^ 8' 'OSucrey? TroXvfJiirjris, eVeira 8e Necrropo? Ktos* 755AimAoôs" o yap avre veovs TTOOL rravras evt/ca.

crrav Se êracrTOt^t • cr^yu^ye Se rep/xar'rotcrt 8' a770 vvaorjs reraro Spo/ô?' c5/ca 8'e/cêp' 'OtAtaSrys"2 evrt 8' opvvro Stos1 'OSucrcreu?

fj,dX', cos ore ris re yyâtftro? ev^wvoio 760os1 ecrrt Kavwv, ov r* €V yiiaAa X€Pa*L

Trrjviov eêA/coucra TrapeK /JLLTOV, dyxodi 8'os' cu? 'OSucreu? fleW eyyvdev, aura/3 oruTTTe TToSeacri rrdpos KOVIV dfJL^L^vdfjvaL.

/caS 8' apa ot KeâXrjs e" avrpeva 810? 'OSucrcreus1 765» X C / I / ) / > / I J > > \ / J A \

atet pifAcpa utajv I>CL%OV o em TravresVIKTIS Ufjieva), jLtaAa 8e CTTreuSovrt /ceAefov.aAA' ore Si] rrvâTov reXeov $p6[j,ov, ai)rt/c' '

' 'Adr/vaty yAau/caJTrtSt ov /cara Bvpovi, ded, dyadr) fj,oi errippoQos eXde -rroSottv." 770

cS? e</>ar' euô/zevo?- rou 8' e/cAue HaAAas1 'Adyjvr],1 Line 757 ( = 358) was rejected by Aristarchus.2 $K<t>ep' 'O'iXiadijs : ?K0op' o 'IXidSTjs Zenodotus.

1 Here, as in Orf. viii. 121, I take î/crcra to mean, not the" scratch," but the turning-point (see Agar, Homerica, pp.115ff.). On the other interpretation the line may berendered, " From the start their running was strained tothe utmost."

2 In the ancient loom, which was vertical, the threads ofthe warp hung down from the top. The even threads were550


did Achilles set forth as a prize in honour of his com-rade, even for him whoso should prove fleetest inspeed of foot. For the second again he set an oxgreat and rich with fat ; and a half-talent in gold heappointed for the last. And he stood up, and spakeamong the Argives saying : " Up now, ye that willmake essay likewise in this contest." So spake he,and forthwith uprose swift Aias, son of Oi'leus, andOdysseus of many wiles, and after them Antilochus,Nestor's son, for he surpassed all the youths in swift-ness of foot. Then took they their places in a row,and Achilles showed them the goal, and a course wasmarked out for them from the turning-point.1 Thenspeedily the son of O'ileus forged to the front, andclose after him sped goodly Odysseus ; close as isthe weaving-rod to the breast of a fair-girdledwoman, when she deftly draweth it in her hands,pulling the spool past the warp, and holdeth the rodnigh to her breast ;2 even so close behind ranOdysseus, and his feet trod in the footsteps of Aiasor ever the dust had settled therein, and down uponhis head beat the breath of goodly Odysseus, as heran ever swiftly on ; and all the Achaeans shoutedto further him as he struggled for victory, and calledto him as he strained to the utmost. But when nowthey were running the last part of the course,straightway Odysseus made prayer in his heart toflashing-eyed Athene : " Hear me, goddess, andcome a goodly helper to my feet." So spake hein prayer, and Pallas Athene heard him, and madeattached to one horizontal rod, and the odd threads toanother. The weaver by drawing these rods alternatelytowards her breast left in each case an opening throughwhich she could pass the spool upon which was wound thethread for the woof.

551

HOMER

yula S* edrjKev eAac^pa, TroSa? /cat êlpas vrrepOev.1

dXX' ore or] rd-% epeXXov erratâadai, deOXov,evO' Alas ftev oXicrde 6ea>v—/3Xdiftev yap 'Adr/vy—rfl pa fio&v KC^VT* 6v6os aTro/CTCt/ieVcov epi[j,VKa)V, 775ovs em TlarpoKXco -rre^vev TroSa? WKVS 'AîAAeus"€V S' ovdov fioeov TrXrJTO aropa re pivds re.

' avr* dvdeipe rroXvrXas Sto? 'OSvcroevs,(f)6d[j,evos' 6 Se /3ow eAe (f>a{8ifj,o$ Ata?.

arrj Se Kepas fj,era êpolv e' cov ^Soo? aypauAoto, 780ovdov arrorrTViov, pera 8' 'A/oyet'otow eenrev" CO TTOTTOL, Tf jll' ej3Xaifj€ 060. TToStt?, ^ TO TTapOS 7T€p

p,TJrrjp 60? 'OSfcr^t Tfapitrrarat 7^8' ereap-qyei."

"Sis £(f>a6',OL 8' aparravres CTT' aura) i^Sz) yeAacrow.' a/oa §17 Aoicr^Tyibj' e/cêp' aedXov 785

', /cat ftvdov ev 'Apyetoicrtv eetTrev.et'Soow U/A/Z' epe'ct) irdcnv, 0i'Aot, a>? ert /<rat vw

dOdvaroL rt/zcDcrt rraXaiorepovs dvOpcbrrovs.Ata? />tev ya/o e/zet' oAtyov rfpoyevearepos ecmv,ovros §e Trporeprjs yev€r]$ rrporepwv T' dvQpa>rfO)V • 790to/zoyepovra 6V //,tV ^>acr' e)tt/xevaf dpyaXtov Sertoaalv €pt8ijaaa6ai 'Aâtots-, et

"D? (f>dro, KvSyvev Be rrootiuKe

TOV S' 'AîAeu? pvOoicriv dfJieLôfêvos rrpoaeeirrev" 'AvTt'Ao^', ou /xeV rot [JieXeos elptjcrerai aivos, 795aAAa rot TjjUtraAavTov eycb ^pvaov ernOijcroj."

°D? elrrcbv ev X€Pa^ 'rêL> ° 8'avrdp HrjXetS'rjs Kara pev SoAtôcr/ctov eyôs

1 Line 772 ( = v. 122) was rejected by Aristarchus.552


his limbs light, his feet and his hands above. Butwhen they were now about to dart forth to win theprize, then Aias slipped as he ran—for Athenehampered him—where was strewn the filth from theslaying of the loud-bellowing bulls that swift-footedAchilles had slain in honour of Patroclus ; and withthe filth of the bulls were his mouth and nostrilsfilled. So then much-enduring, goodly Odysseustook up the bowl, seeing he came in the first, andglorious Aias took the ox. And he stood holdingin his hands the horn of the ox of the field, spewingforth the filth; and he spake among the Argives :" Out upon it, lo, the goddess hampered me in myrunning, she that standeth ever by Odysseus' sidelike a mother, and helpeth him."

So spake he, but they all laughed merrily at him.Then Antilochus bare away the last prize, smilingthe while, and spake among the Argives, saying :

Among you all that know it well, will I declare,my friends, that even to this day the immortalsshew honour to older men. For Aias is but a littleolder than I, whereas Odysseus is of an earliergeneration and of earlier men—a green old age ishis, men say—yet hard were he for any otherAchaean to contend with in running, save only forAchilles."

So spake he, and gave glory to the son of Peleus,swift of foot. And Achilles made answer, and spaketo him, saying : " Antilochus, not in vain shall thyword of praise be spoken ; nay, I will add to thyprize a half-talent of gold."

So saying, he set it in his hands, and Antilochusreceived it gladly. But the son of Peleus broughtand set in the place of gathering a far-shadowing

553

HOMER

* e? dyojva <j)€pa>v, Kara 8' acrTu'Sa Kal rpvtfrd-Xciav,

SapTr^Sovros1, a \Jt,iv Harpo/cAdS" dmrjvpa. 800crrfj 8' opdos Kal /j,€<9ov ev 'Apyeioimv eenrev

TTf.pl rd^Se KeXevoêv, co Trep dpicrra),

d\XijXoji> TTporrdpoiOev opiXovOTTTTOTCpOS K€ (f>6fjCTlV 6p€£d[Jl,€VOS XP°a KO-ÔV,1 805

ifjavcrrj 8' eVSivajv 8ta T* evrea Kal /uueXav af/za,2

TO) ju,ev eyco 8a>aa) roSe fidoyavov dpyvporjXovKaXov Qprj'iKiov, ro fjiev 'AcrrepoTraiov am}vpu>vT€v%ea S' dfjiôrepoL ^vvq'ia raura fapeadcov/cat cr<^>tv Sair' dyadrjv 7rapa6rjao[j,€v ev KXiorL-rjaiv."3 810

"lis1 e' ar', chpro §' eTretra /xeya?Atay,

ai> §' apa TySet'S^s' oJpro, Kparepos01 §' eTret ow IndrepBev o/zt'Aoues fjitaov dpxf)OTepa> crvvLTrjv /juepBeivov 8epKO[A€VO) • ddnfios 8' e\;e Trdvras 'Aâtovs1. 815aAA' ore 817 crêSov -^crav CTT' aAAÂotcru/ torpt? /u,ev emjiâv, rpl$ Se crêSw op^rjOrievO' At'a? /x.ev' eVetra /car' acrTTiSa Tray-rocr'w^-', ouSe XP^' tKai'ei'' epvro yap evSodi

8' ap' eVeira uirep crctAceo? peydXoio 820v%€vi Kvpe (f>aeivov Sovpos a

Kal Tore 877 p' At'avrt Trep&SeicravTes 'iravoapevovs €K€\€vaav dedXia, tcr' dveXeadai.

1 Lines 805 f. were given by Aristophanes in the form

T' ZvTea, Kal <f>6vov avSpQ>v.2 Line 806 was rejected by Aristarchus.3 Line 810 was rejected by Aristarchus.

554


spear.1 and therewith a shield and helmet, thebattle-gear of Sarpedon, that Patroclus stripped fromhim; and he stood up, and spake among theArgives, saying : "To win these prizes invite wewarriors twain, the best there are, to clothe them intheir armour and take bronze that cleaveth the flesh,and so make trial each of the other before the host.Whoso of the twain shall first reach the other's fairflesh, and touch the inward parts through armour anddark blood, to him will I give this silver-studdedsword—a goodly Thracian sword which I took fromAsteropaeus ; and these arms let the twain bearaway to hold in common ; and a goodly banquetshall we set before them in our huts."

So spake he, and thereat arose great TelamonianAias, and up rose the son of Tydeus, stalwartDiomedes. So when they had armed them on eitherside of the throng, into the midst strode the twain,eager for battle, glaring terribly ; and amazementheld all the Achaeans. But when they were comenear as they advanced one against the other, thricethey set upon each other, and thrice they clashedtogether. Then Aias thrust upon the shield, thatwas well-balanced upon every side, but reached notthe flesh, for the corselet within kept off the spear.But Tydeus' son over the great shield sought everto reach the neck with the point of his shining spear.Then verily the Achaeans, seized with fear for Aias,bade them cease and take up equal prizes. Howbeit

1 The following passage, containing the description ofthe contests in spear-thrusting, discus-throwing, and archery(lines 798-883), is full of difficulties and incongruities, andfew regard it as an integral part of the Iliad. These contestsare not included in the lists of those which were customary,as given in the words of Achilles (621 ff.) or of Nestor (634 ff.).

555

HOMER

avrap TuSet'S^ 8a>/cev /ue'ya cfrdayavovavv /coAeai re <f)€pojv Kal evr/Jiipra) TeAa/xtSvt. 825

Aurdp ITÂe'iS?]? 6fJK€V aoXov avro%6covov ,ov Trplv /zev ptTTTacr/ce yue'ya crQevos 'dAA' rj rot, rov rrefyve TroSdp/oj? §10? 'TOV S' ayer' eV vêaat ovv aAAoicrtarrj S' op6o$ /cat fj,vdov €V 'Apyeiotcriv €€LTrev 830" opvvod* ot Kat rovrov dedXov rreipTJaeade .€i oi Kal fjbdXa TroAAov aTTOTrpodi moves1 aypot,e' -et jtztv /cat TreVre rrepiTcXo^zvovs eviavrovs

oi) /nev yap ot dre^t/SoyLtevo? ye crtS^pouoz5S' dporyp etcr' e? TrdAtv, dAAa Trapeêt." 835

e(f>ar', dtpro 8' eVeira ^teveTTToAe/uos' IIoAu-

av 8e Aeovrrô? Kparepov /xeVo? dvrtê'oto,av 8' At'as TeAa/icovtaSTj? /cat Sto? 'ETreioeêtTj? 8' torravro, aoAoi^ 8* e'Ae Sto?^/ce 8e 8ti/7]cras" ye'Aacrav S' e?Tt Trdvres 'Aâtot. 840Sevrepos awr' dê'^/ce Aeovreus1, oô? "Apô?.TO rpirov aur' epptJ/fe yu-e'ya? TeAa/itat'to? At'as1,êtpo? dVo 0TLJ3aprjs, /cat wre'p/JaAe o-ij/xara 7rdvra>v.z

aAA' ore 8^ croAov etAe /AeveTrroAe/io? IloAuTrotTTj?,oaaov rt? T' eppti/fe KaXavpoTra /SovKoAos dvr/p, 845i] Se' 0' eAiao-OjLteVry TreVerat Std ^Sous" dyeAata?,roo'crot' TTavros olyaivo? virepftaAe' rot 8e ftorjaav.dvardvrzs 8' erapot rioAuTrotTao /cparepotovâ? eVt yAa^vpds' e' epov fiaaiArjos dedAov.

Avrdp 6 roêfT^crt Tidet t'oevra at'S^pov, 850/cctS 8' ertêt 8e'/ca p,ev TreAe'/cea?, 8e'/ca 8'

1 Lines 824 f. were rejected by Aristophanes and Arist-archus.



to Tydeus' son the warrior gave the great sword,bringing it with its scabbard and well-cut baldric.

Then the son of Peleus set forth a mass of rough-cast iron,1 which of old the mighty strength of Eetionwas wont to hurl; but him had swift-footed goodlyAchilles slain, and bare this away on his ships withhis other possessions. And he stood up, and spakeamong the Argives, saying : " Up now, ye that willmake essay likewise in this contest. Though his richfields lie very far remote, the winner hereof will haveit five revolving years to serve his need ; for notthrough lack of iron will his shepherd or ploughmanfare to the city ; nay, this will supply them."

So spake he, and thereat arose Polypoetes, staunchin fight, and the mighty strength of godlike Leonteus,and Aias, son of Telamon, and goodly Epeius. Thenthey took their places in order, and goodly Epeiusgrasped the mass, and whirled and flung it; and allthe Achaeans laughed aloud thereat. Then in turnLeonteus, scion of Ares, made a cast; and thirdlygreat Telamonian Aias hurled it from his stronghand, and sent it past the marks of all. But whenPolypoetes, staunch in fight, grasped the mass, faras a herdsman flings his crook, and it flieth whirlingover the herds of kine, even so far cast he it be-yond all the gathering ; and the folk shouted aloud.And the comrades of strong Polypoetes rose up andbare to the hollow ships the prize of the king.

Then for the archers he set forth as a prize darkiron—ten double axes laid he down, and ten single ;

1 Others take <r6Xoc avro^ouvov to mean a mass of " self-smelted " meteoric iron.

557

HOMER

iarov 8' earrjoev VTTJOS KvavorrpcLpoioTt]Xov eVt ifjaf-iddoLS, €K 8e TprjpcovaXeTrrfl ^pivOa) Sfjarzv TroSd?, rjs dp* dvwyeiroêveiv. " os /u,eV K€ fidX?) rprjpcova TreXeiav, 855Trdvras deipd/zevo? TreAe'/cea? OLKovBe <f)ep€crda)'09 8e KG /JirjpivdoLO TV^r/, opvidos a

yap 817 K€ivo$, 6 S' otcrerai rjfe' ar', wpro 8' eTretra jStTj Tev/cpoto aVa/cros1,

av 8' apa M^pio^?)?, Qzpdmov evs 'ISofcevôs1. 860htX-qpovs 8' ev Kvver) âA/c^pei' TraAAoy eAot're?,Teu/cpo? 8e irpo)Tos /oV^paj Aaêt'. aurtAca 8' twTj/cev eTTt/cparea)?, o?38' rjTreiXrjaev dVa/crtdpv&v 7rpa)Toy6va)v peîv KXopvidos p,ev oifjLapT€' jj.c'yrjpe ydp ol TO y' 'ATroAAajj/'aurap o' /jujpivdov jSaAe Trap TroSa, TT^ Se'Ser' opvis'dvriKpv 8' (X7TO jj^ripLvdov ra/xe TrtKpos" oicrros1.^ /xet' eTretr' iê TTÔ? ovpavov, r) Se Trapei^jj,rjpw9os -rrorl yaiav arap KeAaSâav 'Aâioi.OTrepxopevos 8' apa M^pioj^Tj? e£eipva€ x€iP°s 870ro£ov — drap 87) otcrTW eêv TrdAat, CL»?aurt/ca 8' ^TreiXrâev eKTjfioXcp 'dpvd)v TrpajToyovcov pe^€LV KXeirrjvu'i/ft 8' urrat vefieajv etSe Tprjpcova,TT^ p" o ye Sti/eyouo"av UTTO irrepvyos BdXedvriKpv Se SirjXde jSe'Aos" TO û,ev ai/r eVt•npoadev M^pioVao Trdyr] 770805" aurdp T^ opvi?iWa) eêôfte'vTj vô? KvavorrpcopoioairêV drreKpepâaev, ovv Se Trrepd, Tru/a'd XiaaOev.d)Kvs 8' CAC jLteAe'wv 6vp,os -rrrdro, T-fjXe 8' 0,77' aurou

Aaot 8' av drjevvro re Bdpflrjadv T€.

1 Iîne 864 is omitted in some MSS.558


and he set up the mast of a dark-prowed ship faroff in the sands, and with a slender cord made fastthereto by the foot a timorous dove, and bade shootthereat. " Whoso shall hit the timorous dove lethim take up all the double axes and bear them home,and whoso shall hit the cord, albeit he miss the bird :lo, his is the worser shot ; he shall bear as his prizethe single axes."

So spake he, and there arose the might of theprince Teucer, and Meriones the valiant squire ofIdomeneus. Then took they the lots and shookthem in a helmet of bronze, and Teucer drew by lotthe first place. Forthwith he let fly an arrow withmight, howbeit he vowed not that he would sacrificeto the king a glorious hecatomb of firstling lambs.So he missed the bird, for Apollo grudged him that,but hit the cord beside its foot wherewith the birdwas tied, and clean away the bitter arrow cut thecord. Then the dove darted skyward, and the cordhung loose toward earth ; and the Achaeans shoutedaloud. But Meriones speedily snatched the bowfrom Teucer's hand — an arrow had he long beenholding while Teucer aimed—and vowed forthwiththat he would sacrifice to Apollo that smiteth afara glorious hecatomb of firstling lambs. High upbeneath the cloud he spied the timorous dove ; thereas she circled round he struck her in the midstbeneath the wing, and clean through passed theshaft, and fell again and fixed itself in the groundbefore the foot of Meriones ; but the dove, lightingon the mast of the dark-prowed ship, hung down herhead, and her thick plumage drooped. Swiftly thelife fled from her limbs, and she fell far from themast; and the people gazed thereon and were

559

HOMER

av 8* apa M^pion^? TreAe/cea? Se'/ca rrdvras aetpe,Teu/cpo? 8' 7}/Ai77eAeKR'a ifiepev KoiXas cm vrjas.

Avrdp nÂet'Sij? Kara //e^ SoAiôcr/aov e/caS Se AejSryr' airvpov, f3oos aîov,#T^/C' €? a.yaip'a (}>4pa>v feat p' rjfj,oves avSpe? dvearavav [j,ev a/a' 'Arpet'STj? ey/>u Kpeicuvav 8' apa M^ptovT^s', BepaTrcuv evsTOUCH, 8e /cat jnere'eiTre TroSap/^Tj? Sto?

'AT/oetS^' t'8/u-ev yap ocrov Trpoftefi'rji^S' oaaov ovvd/j,€i re /cat vjfjLaaiv exrAeu apiaros'aAAa cru êt' ro§' aeÂov €%a>v KoiXas CTTI vâ?ep%ev, drap 86pv Ârjpiovr) rjpto'i Tr6pa>fj,€V,el av ye aa) 6v/jiu> eWAois" /ce'Ao/zat yap e'yoj ye."

flO? eâr', 01)8' aTridrjaev dVaf avSpcDv 'Aya-peôjv 895

8ai/ce Se M^ptov^ So'pi» âA/ceot'' avrap o y'TaAî»j8t'a) KijpVKi, Si'Sou 77e/3t/caAAesi deOXov.

560


seized with wonder. And Meriones took up all tendouble axes, and Teucer bare the single to the hollowships.

Then the son of Peleus brought and set in theplace of gathering a far-shadowing spear and acauldron, that the fire had not yet touched, of anox's worth, embossed with flowers ; and men thatwere hurlers of javelins arose. Up rose the son ofAtreus, wide-ruling Agamemnon, and Meriones, thevaliant squire of Idomeneus. But among themspake swift-footed, goodly Achilles : " Son of Atreus,we know how far thou excellest all, and how farthou art the best in might and in the casting of thespear ; nay, take thou this prize and go thy wayto the hollow ships ; but the spear let us giveto the warrior Meriones, if thy heart consenteththereto ; so at least would I have it."

So spake he, and the king of men, Agamemnon,failed not to hearken. Then to Meriones he gavethe spear of bronze, but the warrior handed tothe herald Talthybius the beauteous prize.

VOL. II 2o 561

IAIAAOS Q

AUTO 8* aywv, Aaoi Se #oa? em vfjas eKaaroivr' tevat. rol (j,ev SopTroio jiieSovTo

VTTVOV re yAu/cepou Tapnujfjêvai' aura/3 'A^tAAeu?/cAaie (£t'Aou erdpov iJLepvrj/jbevos, ouSe jittv v-nvosr

rjpei TTavSafJudrcop, aAA' ecrrpe^>er' eVâ /cat eV0a, 5IIaT/ooK:Aou rrod^v av^por^rd re KOL /xeVo? û',1

1^8' OTrocra ToAuTreycre cruv aura) /cat irdQev a'Ayea,dvSpcDv re rrroXefMovs dAeyeiva TC Kvpara Treipaivraiv /xijLiV7jcrAcdjU.ej/o? daXepov Kara SaKpvov e^Sev,aAAor' eTTt TrAeupas' /cara/cei/xevo?, aAAore 8' aure 10UTTTIO?, aAAore Se rrpi^vris' rore 8' opOos dvacrrasStveuecr/c' dAucov Trapa fltv' dAo?. or)Se<f>aivop,€vr] XrjOeaKev vrreip aXa r' ^lova? re,dAA' o y' eTTel £,ev£eiev vfi appaaiv WKeas LTTTTOVS,"E/<TOpa 8' e\KeoQai STjcracrKieTO 8i<f)pov OTiiaOev, 15

8' epvcras rrepi o-^/xa MevotriaSaoeVt KXioir) TravecrKero, rov Se r' eaaKev

Iv KOVL eKravvaas TrpOTrp^vea. rolo 8'rrdaav a.€u<eir)v avreê XP°^ ^^T'KOL redvrjora nep' Trepl 8' aiyi'St irdvra KaXv-rrrt2 20Xpvcrei.r), iva /LIT^ /ztv avroSpuôt e'A/cuCTTa^coi'.

"'lis1 o jitev "E/cropa Stay dei'/ctêv p,ev€aivajv1 Lines 6-9 were rejected by Aristophanes and Aristarchus.

2 Lines 20 f. were rejected by Aristarchus.562

BOOK XXIV

Then was the gathering broken up, and the folkscattered, each man to go to his own ship. The restbethought them of supper and of sweet sleep, totake their fill thereof; but Achilles wept, everremembering his dear comrade, neither might sleep,that mastereth all, lay hold of him, but he turnedhim ever to this side or to that, yearning for the man-hood and valorous might of Patroclus, thinking onall he had wrought with him and all the woes he hadborne, passing though wars of men and the grievouswaves. Thinking thereon he would shed big tears,lying now upon his side, now upon his back, and nowupon his face ; and then again he would rise upon hisfeet and roam distraught along the shore of the sea.Neither would he fail to mark the Dawn, as she shoneover the sea and the sea-beaches, but would yokebeneath the car his swift horses, and bind Hectorbehind the chariot to drag him withal; and when hehad haled him thrice about the barrow of the deadson of Menoetius, he would rest again in his hut,but would leave Hector outstretched on his face inthe dust. Howbeit Apollo kept all defacement fromhis flesh, pitying the warrior even in death, and withthe golden aegis he covered him wholly, that Achillesmight not tear his body as he dragged him.

Thus Achilles in his fury did foul despite unto563

HOMER

rov 8' eXeaipecrKov [AaKapes 6eolAcAei/rai 8' orpvvecrKov IVOKOTTOV 'eV0' d'AAoi? fiev TrdaLV er)v$a,V€V, ouSe 7ro0' "Hp?7 25oi)8e IloCTetSacov' ouSe yAau/cajTnSt Kovprj^dAA' eôv to? crîv' TrpaJrov a.7rr^0eTO "lAto? tp^/cat lipiafjios KCU Xaos 'AAe^dt'Spot) eVc/c' art]?,os V€iK€oae deds, ore ot fieacravXov IKOVTO,Tyv 8' ^'vTja' 17 oc Trope /xaÂoauv^r aAeyeiv^v.2 30cxAA' ore STJ p' e«r roto 8uco8e/<:aTT7 yever' rjcos,Kai TOT* ap' ddavdroioL /zerûSa Oot/Sos- 'ATroAAcuv

ecrre, $eot, SÂTj/xore? • ou vu 7ro0' u/zti'€«r)6 /Botov alyu>v re TeAetcov,*

vvv OVK erA^re VZ.KVV rrep zovra aaajaai,, 35T) T* dX6%a) lo€€i,v KCU jLtTjrept /cat reKfi wKai rrarept Ilptaiua) Aaotat re, rot /ce jMtv co/caev vrupt Kr)aiev Kai em /crepea /crepicraiev.aAA' oAoai 'A^tA^t', êot, jSouAea^' eTrap^yetv,aj oy'r' ap 0peVe? etcrtv evataijuoi oure vorjâ 40yva/jLTT-rov evl anjOecrm, Xecov 8' cu? aypta oiSev,09 r' eTret ap [MeydXr) re ]8t7] /cat ay^vopte't'las1 eio1' evrt /A-Âa fiporaJv, Iva Satra

eXeov jitev aTTtuAecrev, ouSe ot atSco?i, 17 r' aVSpa? ju-eya aiVerat 178' ovtv^crt.3

/xe'AAet jiieV TTOV ri? /cat (^tArepov aAAov oAecrcrai,176 KaaiyvrjTov oôydarpiov ye /cat utdv

1 Lines 23-30 (or 25-30) were rejected by Aristarchus.2 Line 30 was given by Aristophanes in the form,

TT/J* 5' fjVijcr' f j ot Kexup<-<r/J-eva d&p' ovo^ve.8 Line 45 ( = Hesiod, TTorA* awd Days, 318) was rejected

by Aristarchus.1 This is the only allusion in the 72ia<2 to the judgment of

Paris.564

THE ILIAD, XXIV. 23-47

goodly Hector ; but the blessed gods had pity onhim as they beheld him, and bestirred the keen-sighted Argei'phontes to steal away the corpse.And the thing was pleasing unto all the rest, yet notunto Hera or Poseidon or the flashing-eyed maiden,but they continued even as when at the first sacredIlios became hateful in their eyes and Priam and hisfolk, by reason of the sin of Alexander, for that heput reproach upon those goddesses when they cameto his steading,1 and gave precedence to her whofurthered his fatal lustfulness. But when at lengththe twelfth morn thereafter was come, then amongthe immortals spake Phoebus Apollo : " Cruel areye, O ye gods, and workers of bane. Hath Hectorthen never burned for you thighs of bulls and goatswithout blemish ? Him now have ye not the heartto save, a corpse though he be, for his wife to lookupon and his mother and his child, and his fatherPriam and his people, who would forthwith burn himin the fire and pay him funeral rites. Nay, it is theruthless Achilles, O ye gods, that ye are fain tosuccour, him whose mind is nowise right, neither thepurpose in his breast one-that may be bent; but hisheart is set on cruelty, even as a lion that at thebidding of his great might and lordly spirit goethforth against the flocks of men to win him a feast ;even so hath Achilles lost all pity, neither is shamein his heart, the which harmeth men greatly andprofiteth them withal.2 Lo, it may be that a manhath lost one dearer even than was this—a brother,that the selfsame mother bare, or haply a son ;

2 i.e. shame, or fear for what men may say, while it maydeter one from doing wrong, may also prevent one fromdoing what he knows to be right; see especially Euripides,Hippolytus, 385 f.

565

HOMER

dAA' 77 rot K\avaas /cat orXrjTov yap Mot/oat dvîov Oeaav aavrap o y "E/cropa Slov, eVet (piXov rjrop dirr/vpa, 50LTTTTiOV e£a,7TTCW 7T€pt GT\\J? eVapOlO (f)l,Xoi,O

e'A/cef ov fJLTJv oi TO ye /axAAtov ouSe r' a//ZT^ ayada) irep eovn ve/zecTcrTyêajjiiev O6Kaxfrrjv yap 817 yatai/ aeiAct

oy Se ôAcocrafteV^ Trpoaecprj

" en? Key Krat TOVTO reov €7Tos,et ST) O/U,T)V 'AîA^t /cat "E/cropt Otjaere Tifj,rji>."EKTcop //.ey OVTJTOS re yvvaiKa re Qr\aa,TO

avrap 'A^tAAeus eon êaj ydvo?, ryv eya>eijia re /cat artrÂa /cat aySpt Tropov TrapaKoirw, 60

6V 77epi KT^pt (friXos yeVer' ddavdroicri,8' dvridaade, deal, ydfiov €V Se cru roto-t

eâ>y (fropfjiiyya, /ca/ccDv erap', atev ctTS' d

) 817 ndpTrav a7roo*/cuS^tatve dzotaw 65yap Tt/zTy ye /xt" ecrcreraf aAAa /cat "E/cra>p

ecr/ce deolai fiporuiv ot ey 'IAta» elalv

a>s yap e/zot y', eVet ou rt ^t'Aaiy ^/zayorave 8a)pa)v.

ov ydp fj,oi TTore /Jco/zos1 e'Seuero Satroj etcn]?,Xoifirjs T€ Kviarjs re' TO yap Aaô/xev yepas ^/zets1. 70aAA' T) rot /cAe'j/fat ^Ltey eacro/zev — ouSe' 7777 eon1

Xddpr) 'A^tAAô? — dpaavv "E/cropa- 7^ yap ot atet[AiJTrjp Trap^te'/AjSAcofcei/ o/juojs vvxras re /cat T^/uap.



yet verily when he hath wept and wailed for him hemaketh an end ; for an enduring soul have the Fatesgiven unto men. But this man, when he hath reftgoodly Hector of life, bindeth him behind his chariotand draggeth him about the barrow of his dearcomrade ; in sooth neither honour nor profit shallhe have therefrom. Let him beware lest we waxwroth with him, good man though he be ; for lo, inhis fury he doth foul despite unto senseless clay."

Then stirred to anger spake to him white-armedHera : " Even this might be as thou sayest, Lord ofthe silver bow, if indeed ye gods will vouchsafe likehonour to Achilles and to Hector. Hector is butmortal and was suckled at a woman's breast, butAchilles is the child of a goddess that I mine ownself fostered and reared, and gave to a warrior to behis wife, even to Peleus, who was heartily dear to theimmortals. And all of you, O ye gods, came to hermarriage, and among them thyself too didst sit atthe feast, thy lyre in thy hand, O thou friend ofevil-doers, faithless ever."

Then Zeus, the cloud-gatherer, answered her, andsaid : " Hera, be not thou utterly wroth againstthe gods ; the honour of these twain shall not be asone ; howbeit Hector too was dearest to the gods ofall mortals that are in Ilios. So was he to me atleast, for nowise failed he of acceptable gifts. Fornever was my altar in lack of the equal feast, thedrink-offering and the savour of burnt-offering, eventhe worship that is our due. Howbeit of the stealingaway of bold Hector will we naught ; it may not bebut that Achilles would be ware thereof ; for verilyhis mother cometh ever to his side alike by nightand day. But I would that one of the gods would

567

HOMER

aAA' et Tt? KaAecreie 6ea>v &€Ttv acraov e/xeto,6(f>pa Tl 01 etTTOJ 7TVKWOV 67TO9, OJS K€V 'A^tAAeW? 75

$a)pa>v €K Ilpia/zoio Xdxij O.TTO 6' "E/cropa Avar).""Off eâr', tbpro 8e 'Ipi? deAAoVos' dyyeAeouaa,

/Ji€acrr]yvs 8e Zd/iou re Krai "I/z/Spou Tranevdope )Ltei'Aavt -novno' eTrearova^Tjcre Ser) Se juoAujSSatV^ LKeXr) e? fivaaov opovoev, 8017 re /car' aypayAoto ^Soo? /cepa? epêâvlaepêrat <LfJ,r)OTfjaiv eV l^dvcri K-fjpa fiepovaa.evpe 8' evl aTrfji yXafivpio Qerw, dfj,<f>i 8' ap' aAAai

jLtTyyepee? a'Aiat êat1 -^ S' ei'i juecrcrTys1

/jiopov ov TraiSo? dfjivfjiovos, 05 ol e/xeAAe 85eV Tpoirj eptjScaAa/ct, rrjAodi

v 8' tcrrajitevTy TTpoae^y TroSas1 a»/cea" /"»' ' \ > " 7 ^ * 1 / 1 'ôparo, Were- /caAeet Z,et»9 a<pviTa jjirjoea

JV 8' Tjpsei/Ser' eVeira #ea ©ert? dpyvpoireâ •/xe Aceivos1 avwye ytxeya? $eo?; ai'Seo/xai 8e 90' ddavdroiaw, e' ou 8' a^;e' a/cptra 6v/j,a>'

el/j.i /u,eV, ouS' aAioi/ eTro? eacrerai, orn KZV €t7rrj.""O? apa (pcovijaaaa KaAu/x,)U,' e'Ae 8ta Otdcov

Kvdveov, rov 8' ou TI /jieXavrepov eTrAero eados,J3fj 8' levai, Trp6a9ev 8e 7ro8r)V€[j,os a>/cea 'Ipt? 95

' d,fji(f)l 8' apa cr^t Aiaêro8' e'l'ava^Sacrat es ovpavov

8' cvpvorra KpoviS^v, Trept 8' ct'AAotjU-^yepee? /â/capes' 0eot atev eovres".

17 8' apa Trap Au Trarpt Kadeêro, el£e 8' Âd^vrj. 100x Line 86 was rejected by Aristarchus.

1 The poet probably refers to an artificial bait made ofhorn and weighted with lead ; c/". Od. xii. 251 ff., and Haskinsin Journ. Philol. xix. 238 ff. Others assume that a tube ofhorn was used as a guard to prevent the line from beingbitten through. So Aristarchus and Aristotle.568


call Thetis to come unto me, that I may speak to hera word of wisdom, to the end that Achilles may acceptgifts from Priam, and give Hector back."

So spake he, and storm-footed Iris hasted to bearhis message, and midway between Samos and ruggedImbros she leapt into the dark sea, and the waterssounded loud above her. Down sped she to thedepths like a plummet of lead, the which, set upon thehorn of an ox of the field, goeth down bearing deathto the ravenous fishes.1 And she found Thetis in thehollow cave, and round about her other goddessesof the sea sat in a throng, and she in their midst waswailing for the fate of her peerless son, who to hersorrow was to perish in deep-soiled Troy, far fromhis native land. And swift-footed Iris drew near,and spake to her : " Rouse thee, O Thetis ; Zeus,whose counsels are everlasting, calleth thee." Thenspake in answer Thetis, the silver-footed goddess :" Wherefore summoneth me that mighty god ? Ihave shame to mingle in the company of the im-mortals, seeing I have measureless griefs at heart.Howbeit I will go, neither shall his word be vain,whatsoever he shall speak."

So saying, the fair goddess took a dark-huedveil, than which was no raiment more black, andset out to go, and before her wind-footed swiftIris led the way ; and about them the surge of thesea parted asunder. And when they had steppedforth upon the beach they sped unto heaven ; andthey found the son of Cronos, whose voice is borneafar, and around him sat gathered together all theother blessed gods that are for ever. Then she sateher down beside father Zeus, and Athene gave place.

569

HOMER

Se xpvaeov KaXov SeVa? €v X€P*L 6'<jK€

/cat p ' ev(f)pr]v' eVeecrcrf ©en? 8' wpe£e Trtoucra.rotcri Se pv9a)V rjpx* vaTr/p dvbpaJv re tfetSi' re1

" vjXvdes QvXvjjLTTovSe, 6ea ©en, /c^SojUeV-^ Trep,TrevOos d'Aacrrov eôvaa /xera (frpeaiv • oiSa Acat auro? ' 105aAAa /cat ws" epea) roi? cr' eiW/ca 8evpo /caAecrcra.

817 vei/co? ev ddavdroiaw opcopevjU,<^t V6KVI KOi 'A^tAA-^t TTToXlTTOpQa) •

§' orpvvovaiv IVOKOTTOV ' A.py>€i(f)6vTr)v •avTap eyoj To8e KvSos 'A^tAATji' TrpoTtaTrrco, HOatSco /cat <j)LX6rrjra T€r)V fjueTomade (frvXdacrcov .

¥ / \ > ' 5 ' \ ' \ / D \ \ */•• /N > / \a yiiaA e? arparov e/\(/e /cat t»tet cra> eTrtretAov(jKvt,€adai ol elire. deovs, e/ie 8' eôâ TTOJVTIOVddavdrojv /ceôAcSaât, ort (frpccri fj,aiVO/Ji€vrjcrLV"E/crop' e\;et 77apa vrjvcrl Kopowiaw ouS' aTreAucrev, 115at /ceV TTCO? ep,e re SetcrT^ aTrd #' "E/cro/oa Xvarrj.avrap eyco Hpidjjia) jU-eyaA^ropt Îptv e(f>rjora)XvaaaOai (f)iXov vlov, tdvr' e?7t vâ? 'Aâtcov,ScDpa 8' 'AîAA7ji' <f>€p€p,ev, rd /ce dvjjiov l^vr\!'

"D? e(f)ar' , ouS' aTiidiqoe 6ed ©en? apyupoTreâ, 120^77 8e /car' OuAu/ATroto KapijvcDV dt£aaa,iêv 8' e? KXioirjv ofi uteo?. eV0' apa TOV yeei5p' aStm CTTevaô^Ta- »t'Aot 8' ap:0' ayrov eratpoteactvjjitvais eTrevovro /cat eWwwr' aptarovrotat 8' 015 Aacrto? p:e'ya? ev /cAtcrt^ tepevro. 12577 Se p;aA' ay^;' auroto /caêêro Trorvta p,7]T7jp,pêipi re p:iv Karepeêv CTTOS T' e' ar' e/c T' 6v6fj,a£,6 •" TCKVOV efjiov, Teo p:e^pt? oSvpopevos /cat

1 The " honour " consists in the fact that in yielding thebody Achilles, as Zeus goes on to tell her, is to receive richrecompense.570


And Hera set in her hand a fair golden cup, and spakewords of cheer ; and Thetis drank, and gave backthe cup. Then among them the father of men andgods was first to speak : " Thou art come to Olympus,goddess Thetis, for all thy sorrow, though thou hastcomfortless grief at heart ; I know it of myself ; yeteven so will I tell thee wherefore I called thee hither.For nine days' space hath strife arisen among theimmortals as touching the corpse of Hector andAchilles, sacker of cities. They are for bestirring thekeen-sighted Arge'iphontes to steal the body away,yet herein do I accord honour x unto Achilles; for Iwould fain keep in time to come thy worship and thylove. Haste thee with all speed to the host and de-clare unto thy son my bidding. Say unto him that thegods are angered with him, and that I above all im-mortals am filled with wrath, for that in the fury of hisheart he holdeth Hector at the beaked ships and gavehim not back, if so be he may be seized with fear of meand give Hector back. But I will send forth Iris untogreat-hearted Priam, to bid him go to the ships of theAchaeans to ransom his dear son, and to bear giftsunto Achilles which shall make glad his heart."

So spake he, and the goddess, silver-footed Thetis,failed not to hearken, but went darting down fromthe peaks of Olympus, and came to the hut of herson. There she found him groaning ceaselessly,and round about him his dear comrades with busyhaste were making ready their early meal, and inthe hut a ram, great and shaggy, lay slaughteredfor them. Then she, his queenly mother, sate herdown close by his side and stroked him with herhand, and spake, and called him by name : " Mychild, how long wilt thou devour thine heart with

571

HOMER

ffrfv e'Seat Kpaoirjv, juejuvrj^tei/os1 ovre TI OLTOVovr' evvfjs; dyadov oe yvvaiKi irep ev (jitAdT^Tt1 130ftioyeo-0'* ov yap /xot oypov ^8e^, aAAa rot 17877ay^t 7Ta,p€(mrjK€V Odvaros /cat /xoipa Kparair/.aAA' efjieOev £vve$ co/ca, Ato? Se rot ayyeAos1 et/ifaKvêodai aoL cf>r)cn Oeovs, ee 8' efoâ iravTcovddavdraiv /ceôAcocrâi, ort ^peat naLvo/jLevrjcnv 135'E/cro/j' eêt? Trapa vf]v<n Kopatviaiv oi)S' aTreAucra?.aAA' aye §17 Xvaov, ve/cpoto 8e Seât a-TTOLva."

Trjv 8' aTra/LtetÔjUevo? Trpocre^ TrdSa? COACU?' A^tAAeu? •

" TT^S' et77 • oj arroLva <f>epoi Kal veKpov ayoiro,et 817 7tp6(f)povi Sv^ta 'OAt^tTTto? auTo? dvcoyet." 140

O? ot y' ev VTJCOV dyvpei fj,rjT'r]p re /cat w6<rTvoAAa Trpos1 dAATÂous1 eVea 77repoevr' dyopevov.*Iptv 8' orpvve KpoviSys els "lAtov tp^v" /JacrK' i'^t, Îpt raêta, AtTroucr' e'Sos OvXv^TroioayyeiAov IIpia/Aaj /xeyaAi^Topt "lAiov ei-'crca 145Avaaa6ai (j>iXov vlov LOVT' CTTI VTâ? 'AâicDv,Sajpa 8' 'A^tAArî,' êpe/xev, ra /ce OvfJiov tfvr],OLOV, nybe ns aXXos apa Tpwcov ira) avrjp.

Tt? Ot CTTOtTO yepCLlTtpOS, OS K IQvVOl

Kal a/jLa£av evrpoôv, r}Se /cat aurt? 150veKpov ayot Trporl acrrv, rov e/crai/e Sto? 'ju/^Se' rt ot ddva.ro? /xeAera) (f>pecrl fjirjoe nrolov yap ot TTO/JUTOV OTrdaao/juevos a^€L rjos K€V aycuv 'A^tArî Travrap eTr^v ayay^crtv ecrco KXioLTjv 'A^tAôs1, 155oy'r' auTO? KTevezi 0,770 T' aAAou? irdvras



weeping and sorrowing, and wilt take no thoughtof food, neither of the couch ? Good were it for theeeven to have dalliance in a woman's embrace. For,I tell thee, thou shalt not thyself be long in life, buteven now doth death stand hard by thee and mightyfate. But hearken thou forthwith unto me, for Iam a messenger unto thee from Zeus. He declareththat the gods are angered with thee, and that himselfabove all immortals is filled with wrath, for that inthe fury of thine heart thou boldest Hector at thebeaked ships, and gavest him not back. Nay come,give him up, and take ransom for the dead."

Then in answer to her spake Achilles, swift of foot:" So let it be ; whoso bringeth ransom, let him bearaway the dead, if verily with full purpose of heartthe Olympian himself so biddeth."

On this wise amid the gathering of the shipsmother and son spake many winged words one to theother, but the son of Cronos sent forth Iris to sacredIlios : " Up, go, swift Iris ; leave thou the abode ofOlympus and bear tidings within Ilios unto great-hearted Priam that he go to the ships of theAchaeans to ransom his dear son, and that he beargifts unto Achilles which shall make glad his heart;alone let him go, neither let any man beside of theTrojans go with him. A herald may attend him,an elder man, to guide the mules and the light-running waggon, and to carry back to the city thedead, even him that Achilles slew. Let not deathbe in his thoughts, neither any fear ; such a guidewill we give him, even Arge'iphontes, who shall leadhim, until in his leading he bring him nigh to Achilles.And when he shall have led him into the hut, neithershall Achilles himself slay him nor suffer any other

573

HOMER

ovre yap eor* afipwv OUT' CLOKOTTOS OUT' d

dAAa juaA' lv8vKeo)s iKerecu TrefaSijcrerai a^Spoy."

"Ds1 eâr* , topro Se Îpt? aeAAovro? dyyeAeoucra.t£ev §' ej n/otd/zoto, KI^V §' €vorrr}v re yoov re. 160

TraiSe? ^,ei/ Trare'p' a/x^t Ka6r)/J,€voi evSodev avXrjs

Sa/cpuow etpar' €<j)vpov, 6 S' ev fj,eaaoLcrt yepaios

evruTra? ev ÂatV^ K€KaXvfj,fj,evos- a^l Se TToAA-j^/corrpo? e^v K€<j)aXfj re Kal avêvL rolo yepovros,

rrjv pa /cyAtvSo/zero? Karafjirjaaro ^€palv efjac- 165

Qvyarepes S' aâ Sajp:ar' iSe wot d)Svpovro,

i^vrjaKop.Gvai ol Srj rroXees re Kal ea0Aoi

VTT' 'Apyeicov xearo f/'fâ? o'AeffavTes1.

Se Trapa Tlpiapov Aio? ayyeAo^j "»}Se rrpoarjvSa

rvrdov (^deyâêvri' rov 8e rpopos e\Xaj3e yvla- 170

" ddpcrei, AapSavtSTj ITptajMe, fipeai, prjSe ri rdpfiei'

ov fiev yap rot eya; KaKov ocrao/.i€vr] roS' t/cat'co,

aAA' aya0a fipoveovaa' Ato? Se rot ayyeAo? et/ut,,o? creu avevQev €<l>v fj,eya /c^Serac ?}§' e'Aeatpet.Xvcraodai ere KeXevaev 'OXv/uLTTios "E/cropa Stov, 175

Stt)/Da S' 'A^tAA^t fiepefJiev, rd Ke dvôv

olov, |U,7]Se Tt? aAAo? a/za Tpcowv LTOJ

Krjpv£ rig roi eVotro yepairepos, os K Idvvoirjpiovovg Kal afiaâv evrpo-ôv, r)Se Kal avris

veKpov ayoi rcporl aarv, rov eKrave Sto? 'A^tAAeu?. 180

yUTjSe rt rot Odvaros fj,eXero) fipeal /xr^Se rt rdpfiog'

rotos ydp rot, TTO^TTOS o.[jC eifserai 'Apyet<^dvr7js'>oy or' aêt TÔ? /cev aya)v

avrp eTTrjv yyrjaLV eaa)574


to slay; for not without wisdom is he, neither withoutpurpose, nor yet hardened in sin ; nay, with allkindliness will he spare a suppliant man."

So spake he, and storm-footed Iris hasted to bearhis message. She came to the house of Priam, andfound therein clamour and wailing. His sons satabout their father within the court sullying theirgarments with their tears, and in their midst was theold king close-wrapped in his mantle ; and upon theold man's head and neck was filth in abundance,which he had gathered in his hands as he grovelledon the earth. And his daughters and his sons'wives were wailing throughout the house, bethinkingthem of the warriors many and valiant who werelying low, slain by the hands of the Argives. Andthe messenger of Zeus drew nigh to Priam, and spaketo him ; softly she uttered her voice, yet tremblinggat hold of his limbs : " Be of good courage, O Priam,son of Dardanus, arid fear thou not at all. Not toforbode any evil to thee am I come hither, but withgood intent. I am a messenger to thee from Zeus,who far away though he be, hath exceeding care forthee and pity. The Olympian biddeth thee ransomgoodly Hector, and bear gifts to Achilles which shallmake glad his heart ; alone do thou go, neither letany man beside of the Trojans go with thee. Aherald may attend thee, an elder man, to guide themules and the light-running waggon, and to carryback to the city the dead, even him that Achillesslew. Let not death be in thy thoughts, neitherany fear ; such a guide shall go with thee, evenArgei'phontes, who shall lead thee, until in hisleading he bring thee nigh to Achilles. And whenhe shall have led thee into the hut, neither shall

575

HOMER

OUT' avros Kreveei OLTTO T' aXXovs ndvTas epv£ei' 185OVTG yap ear' a(f>pa)V ovr* CLCTKOTTOS ot»r' dAtTTûcoi/,dAAo, jUctA' evSvKeajs LKeTeo) 7Te(f>LorjaeraiL avSpos1."

'H p,ev ap' cos eiTrouor' aTre^rj 77o8a? a>/cea 'Ipt?,aurap o y* yta? apaâv tvrpoxov rjnioveiyvOTrAtcrat ^coyet, Trcipivda 8e Srjoai eV auTTy?. 190ai^ros" S' eV OdXa/Jiov Kare^creToKe8pii>ov vifj6po<j)ov, os yXijvea rroXXa,e? S' a.Xo'xov 'EKcifirjv eKaXeaoaro <f)0)vr]aev" SatôytTj, Ato#ef /iot 'QXvfJWios ayyeAo?Avaaadai (f>iXov vtov lovr* eVt vâ? 'AâttDv, 195owpa S' 'AîAAî' <f)€p€fj,ev, ra /<re Ovôv 117177.aAA' aye /zot roSe etVe, rt rot fipzalv et'Serat elvai;

yap yu,' aurov ye yu.eVos' /cat 6v[j,6sarparov evpvv

Se yvvr^ Kal a/iet^8ero fj,vda) • 200" a; ^Ltot, TT^ 877 rot îpeVe? oi/ôv^', ^? TO 77apos" vrepe'/cAe' eV dvdpt&Trovs êiVous" ^S' otcriv dvdaoeis;TTOJS eOeXeis em vijas 'Aâiatv eXdefjiev oios,dvftpos es o(j>QaXôv? o? roi TroAe'a? Te /cat eaOXovsvleas e£evdpi£e ; a&rjpeiov vv rot TITO p. 205et yap o-' atpTJcret, /cat eaoifjerai 6$>B ]a\{Jboicnv,wjjirjcrrrjs /cat ama-ros1 av^p o ye, ou cr'oi)8e' rt a' ai'SeWrai. vw Se /cAat6t>p:ev

ev jneyapo)' TO> S' co? TTOÎ Motpa Kparair)eVe'i^cre Xiva), ore [iiv reKov avrij, £10Kvvas aaai '

576


Achilles himself slay thee nor suffer any other toslay ; for not without wisdom is he, neither withoutpurpose, nor yet hardened in sin ; nay, with allkindliness will he spare a suppliant man."

When she had thus spoken swift-footed Iris de-parted ; but the king bade his sons make ready thelight-running mule waggon, and bind the wicker boxthereon. And himself he went down to the vaultedtreasure-chamber, fragrant of cedar wood and highof roof, that held jewels full many : and he calledto him Hecabe his wife, and spake : " Lady, fromZeus hath an Olympian messenger come to me, thatI go to the ships of the Achaeans to ransom my dearson, and that I bear gifts to Achilles which shallmake glad his heart. But come, tell me this, howseemeth it to thy mind ? For as touching mine ownself, wondrously doth the desire of my heart bid mego thither to the ships, into the wide camp of theAchaeans."

So spake he, but his wife uttered a shrill cry, andspake in answer : " Ah, woe is me, whither now isgone the wisdom for the which of old thou wastfamed among stranger folk and among them thourulest ? How art thou fain to go alone to the shipsof the Achaeans to meet the eyes of the man whohath slain thy sons, many and valiant ? Of ironverily is thy heart. For if so be he get thee in hispower and his eyes behold thee, so savage and faithlessis the man, he will neither pity thee nor anywise havereverence. Nay, let us now make our lament afarfrom him we mourn, abiding here in the hall. Onthis wise for him did mighty Fate spin with her threadat his birth, when myself did bear him, that he shouldglut swift-footed dogs far from his parents, in the

VOL. ii 2 P 577

HOMER

oVSpt Trapa Kparepa), rov eyco fjieaovecr0e)uei>ai Trpocr<f)vcra- •TOT' aWira epya yeVotroTratSos1 eftov, €7rel ov e KaKt^6fj,€vov ye /care/era,aAAa 7T/30 Tpa)wv /cat Tpa>taSan> fiaOvKoXTrcov 215ecrraor', oy're (f)6[3ov fj,€^vr]fji€vov our'

TT^V 8' aure Trpocre'etTre yepajv TlpLap,os" jU,7y ju,' eêAofr' tevat /carepv/cave, î^Se JU.QI avrrjopvis et't peydpoicn KCLKOS TreXev ov8e [j,€ Tretcrets1.et /Aev yap TI? ft' aAAos1 €TT(,-)(dovLo)v e/ceAeuev, 220• ot pdvTies elcri dvoaKooi r) Upfjes,tffevôs Kev (f)(u[j,€i> /cat vocr0i£oiju,e#a paXXovvvv S' auro? yap a/coucra êou /cat eae'Spa/cov avrrjv,

/cat ou^ aAior eWos1 ecro-eTat. ei Se p:ot aicraTrapa v^valv 'AâioJv •^d\KO^(,rroyva>v, 225

avrt/ca yap /xe Krara/CTetVetei/ 'A^tAAeus*eAovr' e/zw utoi', eTr^ yoou e' e'pov et^v."

TH, /cat (f>(jDpia[j,a>v emdrj[j,aTa /caA' dvetoyevevQev 8c68e/ca /xev Trept/caAAea? e^-eAe TrenXovs,8c68e/ca 8' aVAot'Sas1 ÂatVa?, Tocrcrous1 8e raV^Ta?, 230rocraa 8e âpea Aeu/ca,1 rocrous1 8' e?7t rorcrt îraim?.Xpvcrov Se cmjcras1 €<f>€p€V Se/ca Travra rcxAa^Ta,e'/c Se Su' aWaivas rpLTroSas, mavpas Se Ae/fyra?,e/c Se SeTra? Trept/caAAe?, o ot ®pfJK€s iropov aVSpe?

eXQovn, /zeya /crepa?' oOSe vu TOU 77ep 235' eVt /Ltcyapots1 c5 yepa»v, Trept 8' rjdeXe

Xvcraadai ^t'Aov utoV. o Se Tpaia?aWovarjs drreepyev eTrecrcr' ata^potcrtv evicrawv*

1 Xewd : /caXci,i578


abode of a violent man, in whose inmost heart Iwere fain to fix my teeth and feed thereon ; thenhaply might deeds of requital be wrought for myson, seeing in no wise while playing the dastard washe slain of him, but while standing forth in defenceof the men and deep-bosomed women of Troy, withno thought of shelter or of flight."

Then in answer spake unto her the old man, god-like Priam : " Seek not to stay me that am fain togo, neither be thyself a bird of ill-boding in myhalls; thou shalt not persuade me. For if any otherof the men that are upon the face of the earth hadbidden me this, whether of seers that divine fromsacrifice or of priests, a false thing might we deem it,and turn away therefrom the more ; but now—formyself I heard the voice of the goddess and lookedupon her face—I will go forth, neither shall her wordbe vain. And if it be my fate to lie dead by the shipsof the brazen-coated Achaeans, so would I have it;forthwith let Achilles slay me, when once I haveclasped in my arms my son, and have put from methe desire for wailing."

He spake, and opened the goodly lids of chests,wherefrom he took twelve beauteous robes andtwelve cloaks of single fold, and as many coverlets,and as many white mantles, and therewithal as manytunics. And of gold he weighed out and bare forthtalents, ten in all, and two gleaming tripods, andfour cauldrons, and a cup exceeding fair, that themen of Thrace had given him when he went thitheron an embassage, a great treasure ; not even thisdid the old man spare in his halls, for he was exceed-ing fain to ransom his dear son. Then drave he allthe Trojans from out the portico, and chid them with

579

HOMER

" eppere, Xojftrjrfjpes e'Aeyêes" ov vv KOI vp.lvOIKOl eveori yOO?, OTl jll' 'TJXdeTe Ky()r)OOVT6S / 240

77 ovoVacrfl'1 on ^tot Kpow'S?]? Zeus aAye' eTratS' oAe'aat rov apiorov; drap yvwaeaOeprjirepOL yap /JtaXXov 'Aâtoicriv 817 eKeivov T€dvr]a)To$ £va,iplp,cv . CLVTap zyo) ye

re TTO\IV K€pai£,o[Ji€V'r}v re 245ISelv, f3a,Lr]v $6p,ov "At8o? etcrca."

/cat aKrjTravLo) 8ierr' dvepas' ol §' icrav eôjyepovros. 6 S' vldcriv oiaw o/io/cAa,

V6LKeia)v "EAevov re Ilaptv T' 'Aya^tova re Stoi'T* 'Avri(f)ov6v re fioyv ayaQov re HoAtrT^v 250re /cat 'l7T7TO$ooi> /cat Atof dyavov

evvea, rois 6 yepaios 6p,oK\yjaas e/ce'Aeue'" arrevaare jttot, /ca/ca re/cva, Karrjtfioves' aW afj.a

coêAer' avrt ^07^? eVta> jLtot eyco TravaTTOT/Jios, eVet re'/cov u fa? dpiarovs 255TpotTj ei/ evpeir], ra>v 8' ou rtm (^^/ii AeAei^ât,M^crropa r* dvrideov /cat Tpcut'Aot' iTTTTtoâp^tTjv"E/cropa ^*, o? êo? ea/ce jLter' dvSpaatv, ovSe eal/cetdvSpo? ye 6vrjrov TTOLLS epfJievai, dAAa deolo •TOVS jLtev aTTOjAeo1' "Aprjs, ra 8' e'Aeyêa Tra^ra

Ae'AeiTrrai, 260tfjevarai r* op^Tjo-rat re, ôpotruTTtrjatp' apiaroi,

ou/c at' Sry /xot aâfav eôrrXiaaaire ra^tcrra,ravrd re rravr' emBelre, Iva rrpr]aaa>iJL€v 68010; "

"Q? efiad', ol 8' apa -narpos UTToSSeto-avres1

ofMOKXrjv 265e/c p;e^ d[j,a£av aecpav evrpo%ov

1

580


words of reviling : " Get ye hence, wretches, ye thatwork me shame ! Have ye not also lamentation athome, that ye come hither to vex me ? Count yeit not enough that Zeus, son of Cronos, hath broughtthis sorrow upon me, that I should lose my son thebest of all ? Nay, but yourselves too shall know it,for easier shall ye be, now he is dead, for theAchaeans to slay. But for me, or ever mine eyesbehold the city sacked and laid waste, may I godown into the house of Hades."

He spake, and plying his staff went among themen, and they went forth from before the old manin his haste. Then called he aloud to his sons,chiding Helenus and Paris and goodly Agathon andPammon and Antiphonus and Polites, good at thewar-cry, and Deiphobus and Hippothous and lordlyDius. To these nine the old man called aloud, andgave command : " Haste ye, base children that aremy shame; would that ye all together in Hector'sstead had been slain at the swift ships ! Woe isme, that am all unblest, seeing that I begat sonsthe best in the broad land of Troy, yet of them Iavow that not one is left, not godlike Mestor, notTroiilus the warrior charioteer, not Hector that wasa god among men, neither seemed he as the son ofa mortal man, but of a god : all them hath Ares slain,yet these things of shame are all left me, false oftongue, nimble of foot, peerless at beating the floorin the dance, robbers of lambs and kids from yourown folk. Will ye not make me ready a waggon, andthat with speed, and lay all these things therein,that we may get forward on our way ? "

So spake he, and they, seized with fear of therebuke of their father, brought forth the light-running

581

HOMER

KaXrjV TrpWTOTTayea, TrzipLvOa Se Sfjoav eW* avrrjs,/caS S' awo TraaaaXofii £vyov rjptov TûioVeioi'rrvîvov opâXoev, €v olrjKeaaw ap^pos1-1

e/c 8' e<f)€pov £,vy6Secr/ji,ov a//,a £vya> Ivvea-TT^v. 270«m TO fj,ev ev KaredrjKav evêara) eVi pvâ),Trety-fl 6TTL Trpwrr], CTTL Se Kpixov earopt, fiaX\ov,rpls 3' €KaT€pdev eBrjaav €77' o^cpaXov, avrap eVetralêirfs KareSrjcrav, VTTO yAajîva §' eKaîfjav,e/c daXdfjiov Se (frepovres evêor-qs <ETT' dTTtjvrjS 275iêoi> 'EKTOperjs K€<j)a\fjs a-TrepziaC airoiva,t,f.vâv S' rjpiovovs Kparepatvvxas evrecriepyous1,rou? pa Trore II/)ta/xa) Muaot Soaai^ ayAaa ScDpa.tTTTrous' Se ITpta/iaj vrrayov t,vyov, ovs 6 yepaios"auTO? €)(O}V ariraAAet' e'y^-ecrT^ e?7t (fxi-rvr^. 280

Tco jitev £,€vyvvcr6r]v eV Su>[j,acriv viKr)pv£ Kal YlpLafios, rrvKiva <f>p€al

olvov e' oycr' et' êtpt peXifipovaXpvoreq) ev SeVai', o^pa Xeiifjavre KioirrfV. 285CTTT; S' LTTTTCDV TTpoirdpoiOev eVos1 T' eâr' e/<r r'

J, CTTreicrov Att Trarpi, /cat euêo oi'/caS' iKeaO€K 8vafjiev€coi> dvSpajv, evrei ap ere' ye dvfj,6s

1 Line 269 was omitted by Zenodotus.

1 i.e. for the reins.2 The following suggestions may help to make clear the

details of this difficult passage, in the interpretation of whichI have followed Leaf. The pole of the chariot was so curvedat the end as to run up to an almost vertical point (ire^rf).The yoke was laid across the pole just at the bend (Tre'ft? ZTTITrpuirr;), a peg (eVrwp) being inserted through a ring (/cpkos)attached to the yoke, and then fastened into a hole in the582

THE ILIAD, XXIV 267-288

waggon drawn of mules, fair and newly-wrought, andbound upon it the wicker box ; and down from its pegthey took the mule-yoke, a box-wood yoke with aknob thereon, well-fitted with guiding-rings l ; andthey brought forth the yoke-band of nine cubits, andtherewithal the yoke. The yoke they set with careupon the polished pole at the upturned end thereof,and cast the ring upon the thole ; and they bound itfast to the knob with three turns to left and right,and thereafter made it fast to the post, and bent thehook thereunder.2 Then they brought forth from thetreasure-chamber and heaped upon the polishedwaggon the countless ransom for Hector's head, andyoked the strong-hooved mules that toil in harness,which on a time the Mysians had given to Priam,a splendid gift. And for Priam they led beneaththe yoke horses that the old king kept for his ownand reared at the polished stall.

Thus were the twain letting yoke their cars, inthe high palace, even the herald and Priam, withthoughts of wisdom in their hearts, when nigh tothem came Hecabe, her heart sore stricken, bearingin her right hand honey-hearted wine in a cup ofgold, that they might make libation ere they went.And she stood before the horses, and spake, saying :" Take now, pour libation to father Zeus, and praythat thou mayest come back home from the midstof the foemen, seeing thy heart sendeth thee forth

pole. The £vy65efffj.oi' was a rope attached at its middleto the yoke. By it the irefr was made fast by three turnsto the boss of the yoke, and then the ends of the rope werecarried back to the car and tied to the e&'n), by which we mayunderstand an upright post at the front of the car. " As tothe meaning of virb y\^T(l''a 5' ZKa/j-^av it is hardly possibleto make a guess " (Leaf).

583

HOMER

o-rpvvei, eVt vrjas, e^neio fj,ei> OVK eOeXovcrrjs-aAA' fvêo ov y eVeira /ceAaweê'i Kpoviajvi 290'loaiq), os re Tpoirjv Kara Traoav opdrai,

at'ret 8' olaivov, ra^yv ayyeAoy, os re ot aura)

(f>i\Taros olaivaiv, Kai ev Kpdros earl /zeytoroi',Setfiov, o(f>pa fjLiv avros €V o<^âA/iotcrt voijcrasTW TTiavvos €TTL VYJas 17)$ AavacD^ Ta^fTraJAa»v. 295et Se rot ou Sajcret eoi/ ayyeAoi; evpvoTra Zevs,

OVK av eyto ye a' eVetra eTrorpvvovcra

vrjas evr' 'Apyetcav tevai /xaAa 7re/JTrjv S* drraueiflo/jLevos 7Tpoa€</)r) Hpiaftos

" Ji yvvai,, ov /ji€V rot roS' e<f)iefj,€vr) aTTLOrjuo)' 300

eaQ\6v "yap Att êtpa? avacr^;e)u,ev, at AC' eXeijarj."

*H pa, /cat aîTToXov rafAirjv orpw* 6 yepaiosvocDp eTTtêuat aKr^parov rj Sev dfj,(f)i7roXos TT/OOÔOV 0' a/xa

vas Se KvireXXov eSe' aro s1 aAoôto- 305' eVetra aras1 /-tecra) e/o/cei', Aet^Se Se ofvov

ovpavov elaa.vioa)V, /cat (f>a)i>r)aa$ tiros fjvoa'" 2*ev TTOLTep, "lorjdev peoecov, Kvoiore

86s es 'AftiXXfjos <f>iXov eXOelv r]o* eS' olatvov, ra%vv ayyeAov, o? re crot avTa> 310

oicov&v, /cat ev Kparos e'crrt îyiaTov,

Se^tov, 6'f/>/)a ^tt^ ayros1 ej/ 6<f>daX/j,oim vorjaas

TO) TTiavvos €TTi vfjas tco AavacSv ra^V7TO)Xa>v."

"O? €(par' evôfjbevos, rov S' e/cAue /z^rtera Zei;?.1 Line 304 was rejected by Aristarchus.

584


to the ships, albeit I am fain them shouldst not go.Thereafter make thou prayer unto the son of Cronos,lord of the dark clouds, the god of Ida, that lookethdown upon all the land of Troy, and ask of him abird of omen, even the swift messenger that to himselfis dearest of birds and is mightiest in strength; lethim appear upon thy right hand, to the end thatmarking the sign with thine own eyes, thou mayesthave trust therein, and go thy way to the ships of theDanaans of fleet steeds. But if so be Zeus whose voiceis borne afar grant thee not his own messenger, then Iof a surety should not urge thee on and bid thee go tothe ships of the Argives, how eager soever thou be."

Then in answer spake unto her godlike Priam :" Wife, I will not disregard this hest of thine ; forgood is it to lift up hands to Zeus, if so be he willhave pity."

Thus spake the old man, and bade the housewifethat attended pour over his hands water undefiled ;and the handmaid drew nigh bearing in her handsalike basin and ewer. Then, when he had washedhis hands, he took the cup from his wife and thenmade prayer, standing in the midst of the court, andpoured forth the wine, with a look toward heaven,and spake aloud, saying : " Father Zeus, that rulestfrom Ida, most glorious, most great, grant that Imay come unto Achilles' hut as one to be welcomedand to be pitied ; and send a bird of omen, even theswift messenger that to thyself is dearest of birds andis mightiest in strength; let him appear upon myright hand, to the end that, marking the sign withmine own eyes, I may have trust therein, and gomy way to the ships of the Danaans of fleet steeds."

So spake he in prayer, and Zeus the Counsellor

585

HOMER

fKe, reXeioraTov 7T€T€r)va>v, 315fj,6p(j>vov drip^rffp^, ov /cat TT€pKvov KaXeovow.oaorf 8' vijjop6<f)oio dvprj daXdpoio re'ru/cratdvepos d(f)V£Loio, ev /o\7jicr' dpapvla,Toacr* apa TOV eKarrepO^v ecrav Trrepa1 etaaro Se crîSextos1 cuâs1 Sta acrreos1. ot 8e ISovres ^^0yrjdrjaav, KO! Tracrtv ew (ppecrl dvfMos Idvdrj.

5j?re/3^;o//.ev'os' 8' o yepacos eov eVeô-ero 8i(f>pov}

CK 8' e'Aaae -npodvpoio KOL aldovarfs epiSovirov.Trpocrde /xet* r^,iovoi €\KOV rerpa/cu/cAot' aTrrjvr^v,rds 'ISato? e'Aawe $a'i'(f)pa)V' avrap omodev 325"TTTTOI, TOVS 6 yepcuv €<j)€Tru)v fjbdariyi, /ce'AeueAcapTraAt/Ltaj? /cara darv (f>iXoi 8' a/Aa Trdvrzs CTTOVTOTToAA' O\O(f)Vp6fJi€VOl J)S €6 ddvdTOVê KLOVrO..

OL 8' 67T61 OW TToAlOS1 /CttTe)SaV, TTeStOV 8' d(f)l,KOVTO,

ot fj,ev ap' di/Joppoi -nporl "\\iov aTrovzovro, 330TratSe? /cat yafjt,f$poi, TOJ 8' ou XdOov evpvona 2,-fjve? TTeStoz/ 7rpofiavevT€ • I8ajv 8' eAe^cre yepov-ra,alifia 8' ap' 'Ep/zetav, woi> (piXov, dvriov rjv8a-

'Ep/xeta, crot yap re f^dXiard ye (p[\rarov eanvdvSpl eraipLcraac, Kai r' e/cAue? <5 ^' edeXrjada, 335j8acr/c' i'^t, /cat IIpta//,ov KoiXas em vrjas 'cos1 ayay*, cos IA^T* ap Tt? t'S^ /^T' ap reT&V CL\\(JL>V A.avaa)v, Trplv HrjXe'i'cov

"Q? e^>ar*, oz58' dmdrâe Sia/cropo? 'avri'/c' €7ret^' UTTO TTOCTOW e'S^craro /caAa TreStAadfjippoaia ^pyaeia, ra p.tt' fiepov rjpiev e ' vyprjv5^8' €77' aTTeipova yalav O.JJLO, irvoifls ave/xoco*586


heard him. Forthwith he sent an eagle, surest ofomen among winged birds, the dusky eagle, even thehunter, that men call also the black eagle. Wide asis the door of some rich man's high-roofed treasure-chamber, a door well fitted with bolts, even so widespread his wings to this side and to that ; and heappeared to them on the right, darting across thecity. And at sight of him they waxed glad, and thehearts in the breasts of all were cheered.

Then the old man made haste and stepped uponhis car, and drave forth from the gateway and theechoing portico. In front the mules drew the four-wheeled waggon, driven of wise-hearted Idaeus, andbehind came the horses that the old man everplying the lash drave swiftly through the city ; andhis kinsfolk all followed wailing aloud as for one faringto his death. But when they had gone down fromthe city and were come to the plain, back then troIlios turned his sons and his daughters' husbands ;howbeit the twain were not unseen of Zeus, whosevoice is borne afar, as they came forth upon the plain,but as he saw the old man he had pity, and forthwithspake to Hermes, his dear son :

" Hermes, seeing thou lovest above all others tocompanion a man, and thou givest ear to whom-soever thou art minded, up, go and guide Priamunto the hollow ships of the Achaeans in such wisethat no man may see him or be ware of him among allthe Danaans, until he be come to the son of Peleus."

So spake he, and the messenger, Arge'iphontes,failed not to hearken. Straightway he bound be-neath his feet his beautiful sandals, immortal, golden,which were wont to bear him over the waters of thesea and over the boundless land swift as the blasts

587

HOMER

etAero Se pdfioov, rfj T' dvSptovdbv eWAet, TOU? 8* avre /cat virvwovras eyeipei.rr/v fjierd %epali> eâ>i> wrero Kparvy 'A.pye'icfrovr'rjs. 345cu^ra 8' apa Tpoirjv re /cat 'EAArycrTro^Tot' i/cave*^8^ 8' iVt'at Kovpco o.iav\juv(]rripi eoiKws,Trpatrov VTrr^vrfTri, TOV rrep âpteoraTTy '*]$'*}•

01 §' e776t ovv jueya cr^/xa Trape^ "lAoto eXaacrav,crrfjcrav a.p r^îovovs re /cat iTTTroys", ocfapa TTLOLZV, 350ei> TTora/JLO)' 8rj yap /cat em /cveâ? yAvderov 8' e£ dy^tyLtoAoto tSa>v e^p'EpjjteLav, TTort Se Tlpiapov (f)dro ^wvrâev re •" <ôa£eo, AapSavt'S^' (frpaSeog voov epya re'ru/crai.dV8p' 6poa>, Taâ 8' a//.//.e Stappaicreodou OLOJ. 355dAA' aye §17 (frevyaj/Jiev e<f>' ITTTTOOV, 07 /xtv eVetrayowctjv difjdfj,€vot, Xiravevcrop.ev, at /c' eXerjarj."

n/~» / / \ o . \ / / / O ' ^ ^>12? <paro, ffvv oe yepovn voo$ Xvro> "^ôte daiva)?,

opOal 8e rpL%es ecrrav evi yvainrroiai /xeAecrat,8e raficov. ayro? S' epiovvios eyyvQev e\Qu)v, 360

yepovros e\d>v eêipero /cat rrpoaeemz'" Trfj, -ndrep, cSS' tTTTroy? re /cat rjpiovovs idvvetsVVKTCL 8t' d/j,fipoaLr]v, ore 6* evSovai flporol d'AAot;oi5Se cru y' e'SSetcras1 /iteVea irveiovras 'Aâtous">ot rot 8vajj,€vees /cat dvdpcnoi eyyvs earn; 365raw ei' rtV ere t'Sotro $o^v Sta vvKra, peXaivavrocraaS' oyei'ar' d'yovra, rt? aV ST^ rot yoo? et^;OUT' auras' Wo? ecrcri, yepcw Se Tot ovrosdVSp' dira/jivvacrdai:, ore ns rrporepos588


of the wind. And he took the wand wherewith helulls to sleep the eyes of whom he will, while othersagain he awakens even out of slumber. With thisin his hand the strong Arge'iphontes flew, and quicklycame to Troy-land and the Hellespont. Then wenthe his way in the likeness of a young man that is aprince, with the first down upon his lip, in whom thecharm of youth is fairest.

Now when the others had driven past the greatbarrow of Ilus, they halted the mules and the horsesin the river to drink ; for darkness was by now comedown over the earth. Then the herald looked andwas ware of Hermes hard at hand, and he spake toPriam, saying : " Bethink thee, son of Dardanus,here is somewhat that calls for prudent thought. Isee a man, and anon methinks shall we be cut topieces. Come, let us flee in the chariot, or at leastclasp his knees and entreat him, if so be he willhave pity."

So spake he, and the old man's mind was con-founded and he was sore afraid, and up stood thehair on his pliant limbs, and he stood in a daze.But of himself the Helper drew nigh, and took theold man's hand, and made question of him, saying :" Whither, Father, dost thou thus guide horses andmules through the immortal night when othermortals are sleeping ? Art thou untouched by fearof the fury-breathing Achaeans, hostile men andruthless that are hard anigh thee ? If one of themshould espy thee bearing such store of treasurethrough the swift black night, what were thy counselthen ? Thou art not young thyself, and thy com-panion here is old, that ye should defend you againsta man, when one waxes wroth without a cause. But

589

HOMER

dAA' eyo> ovSeV ae pe£to KCLKO,, KOI Se KCV dXXov 370creu ciTraAff-ôut/zt • 0i'Ao> Se ere Trarpl eicr/coJ."

Tov §' rifJLeifier' eTretra yepojv Ylpiapos #eoetS??s"" ouro) 7777 raSe y' eart, <j>LXov re/cos1, a)?dAA' ert Tt? «:at e/xeio êa)i^ VTrepecrêOos poi roiovB' TIKZ.V oBonropov dvrt^SoA^crat, 375

, olos Srj av Se^ta? /cat efSo?re voat, /jbaKapajv S' e^ ecrat

8' ai)re TrpoaeenrG Std/CTopo" vat ST) ravrd ye Trctvra, yepov, Kara fj,oipa.v

dAA' aye //.ot rdSe etVe /cat drp€Kea)s KardXeôv, 3801^6 7T27 €KTTefJ,TT€LS K€L[J,TJXt,a TToAAd /Cat eCTÂa

avbpas e? dAAoSaTrous1, tva 7re/o raSe rot croa pLfj,vr)t

T] ySr] Trdvres /caraAetTrere "lAtov tp^

SetStores" roto? yap avr/p atpicrros 6'Aa>Aeaos Trd'Cs' ov pev ydp n /ia^? CTrtSeuer' 'Aâtdit'." 385

Tov S' êtjSer' eTretra yepatv Ylpiapos OeoeiSrjS'" ris Se au ecrcrt, 0e)otcrTe, re'a>v S' e^- ecrcrt TOKTJO>V;

a>S jitot /caAa rov diTov aTrorôv TratSo? eviaires."

Tov S' aure Trpoaeenre Sidftropos yApye'i<f>6vTr)s'" 7T€Lpa e/xeto, yepate, /cat etpeat "E/cropa Stov. 390TOV juev eya> /idAa •n-oAAa fJ-d)(r) evt Kvbiaveipr)

OTTCJOTTO,, /cat ewr' eTrt vr]vdiv eAdcrcra?/cretVecr/ce, Satâiv ofef %aA/ca>-

is S' eoTaores- dav^dôêv ov yap 'AîAAej)?eta ^dpvaoQai, Ke%oXaj{jLevos 'Arpetcovi,. 395

590


as for me, I will nowise harm thee, nay, I will evendefend thee against another ; for like unto my dearfather art thou in mine eyes."

Then the old man, godlike Priam, answered him :" Even so, dear son, are all these things as thou dostsay. Howbeit still hath some god stretched outhis hand even over me, seeing he hath sent a way-farer such as thou to meet me, a bringer of blessing,so wondrous in form and comeliness, and withal thouart wise of heart ; blessed parents are they fromwhom thou art sprung."

Then again the messenger, Argei'phontes, spake tohim : " Yea verily, old sire, all this hast thou spokenaccording to right. But come, tell me this, anddeclare it truly, whether thou art bearing forth thesemany treasures and goodly unto some foreign folk,where they may abide for thee in safety, or whetherby now ye are all forsaking holy Ilios in fear ; sogreat a warrior, the noblest of all, hath perished,even thy son; for never held he back from warringwith the Achaeans."

And the old man, godlike Priam, answered him :" Who art thou, noble youth, and from what parentsart thou sprung, seeing thou speakest thus fitly ofthe fate of my hapless son ? "

Then again the messenger, Argei'phontes, spake tohim : " Thou wouldest make trial of me, old sire, inasking me of goodly Hector. Him have mine eyesfull often seen in battle, where men win glory, andwhen after driving the Argives to the ships he wouldslay them in havoc with the sharp bronze; andwe stood there and marvelled, for Achilles wouldnot suffer us to fight, being filled with wrath

591

HOMER

Toy yap e'yo) Oepdiriov, pia S' rjyaye vrjv?

Mup/uSovcov 8' e£ €1^1, Trarrjp Se fj,oi eon JIoAy/crajp.dêio? p.ev o y' ecru, yepcov Se Si) a;? cry Trep aiSe,«> o / t ' p >/ » > < j / c «O^ ' 'ef oe ot fte? eacriv, eyct> oe ot epoopos €ifj,f

yttera TraAAo/ievo? K\r}pa> Xdôv evddS* eTreodai. 400§' 'fjXOov TreStovS' O.TTO VTjcijv' rjotdcv yap

Trepl acrry /JLa^v eXiKO)7T€$ 'yap ot'8e Kadr)yt,evoi, ouSe

i'crêtv eaavfJilvovs TToXepov fiaariXrjes '

Tov 8' rjfj.eiêT9 eVeira yepcov Hpiaô? êoeiS^?' 405" et û.ev' 817 Qeparrwv nÂîaSea)ei?, aye 87^ poi Trdffav dXrjOeitjv

rj en Trap vrjeaoiv e//,o? Trafs1, r\i [J,wT^cri Kvalv /ueAet'oTt raâjv rrpovOrjKev '

Toi' §' a^re Trpoolenre Sta/fropo? 'Apyei'ôvr^?1 410" c5 yepov, ov TTIO TOV ye /ewe? (f)dyov oyS' otcovoi,clAA' ert /cetvo? Kelrcu 'A^tAAô? irapa vr)iavra>s ev KXicrirjai- SvcuSeKarr) 8e 04 170;?

ov8e TL ol XP^S crr)7T6Tai, ov8e JJLW eyAata*, at pa re <f)a>ras dprj'i<f>drovs Kare8ovaiv. 415

p:iv Trept arjfjia eov erdpoto (f>iXoio

e'A/cet aKySearcus, r]d>s ore Staov8e fj,iv alaxvvei • drjolo K.S.V avros

olov eeparjeis Keirai, Trepl S* a£p,aoySe TTO^J, //.tapo?- cryv 8' e'A/cea irdvra fjLefjiVKGV, 420ocra' €TV7Trj • TroAe'e? yap eV avraJ âA/cov e'Aaacrai/.

592


against the son of Atreus. His squire am I,and the selfsame well-wrought ship brought ushither. Of the Myrmidons am I one, and myfather is Polyctor. Rich in substance is he, andan old man even as thou, and six sons hath he,and myself the seventh. From these by thecasting of lots was I chosen to fare hitherward.And now am I come to the plain from the ships;for at dawn the bright-eyed Achaeans will set thebattle in array about the city. For it irketh themthat they sit idle here, nor can the kings of theAchaeans avail to hold them back in their eager-ness for war."

And the old man, godlike Priam, answered him :If thou art indeed a squire of Peleus' son Achilles,

come now, tell me all the truth, whether my son iseven yet by the ships or whether by now Achilleshath hewn him limb from limb and cast him beforehis dogs."

Then again the messenger Arge'iphontes spake tohim : " Old sire, not yet have dogs and birds devouredhim, but still he lieth there beside the ship of Achillesamid the huts as he was-at the first; and this is nowthe twelfth day that he lieth there, yet his fleshdecayeth not at all, neither do worms consume it,such as devour men that be slain in fight. TrulyAchilles draggeth him ruthlessly about the barrow ofhis dear comrade, so oft as sacred Dawn appeareth,howbeit he marreth him not ; thou wouldst thyselfmarvel, wert thou to come and see how dewy-freshhe lieth, and is washen clean of blood, neither hathanywhere pollution ; and all the wounds are closedwherewith he was stricken, for many there werethat drave the bronze into his flesh. In such wise

VOL. II 2 Q 593

HOMER

<Z$ TOI KT^Sovrai [AaKapes deal vios eoto1

Kdl V€KVOS 776/3 ZOVTOS, 67761 O^t (^t'Ao? 776/>tnQ? <^dVo, yr/Orjcrev 8' o yeptov, Kai d/Aet/?6TO

co re'/co?, rj p ' ayadov /cat €vaimfj,a Swpa SiSovvai 425eTret ov TTOT' e/ios1 TTCXI?, ct TTOT* 617 ye,

' evt [Aeydpoicri Oecov, ol "OXv^Trov eôwcrt •TO) O6 CL7TO{j,vr)aavTO KOLL eV Qavdroio irep atcrTy.aAA* aye §17 roSe Se£ai epev Trdpa KaAov aXeiaov,avrov re pvoat, Trepi/Jov Se û.e crw ye Qeoiaiv, 4306(f>pa Kev e? KXicriirjv IlrjArj'CdSea) d(f>LKa)[j,ai ."

Tov 8' avre TrpocreetTre SidtCTopos 'A/aye 'iôvrris •" Treipa ep,€io, yepate, vecurepov, ouSe ^te Tretcrei?,o? ^te /ce'Aeat creo Swpa Trapet; 'A^tAiya Se'êcrâi.TW îev eya) Set'Sot/ca /cat atSeo/Aat Trept ACT^/H 435CTuAeuftv, jU,^ /zot Tt /ca/coi' fjLeTomaol 8' aV eya) Trofnros Kai KG K\VTOV "Apyos IevSvKecos ev vrjt dofj r] Treô? oâprecovOVK dv rt? Tot TTO/JiTTOV ovoaadfAevos

'H, «rai dvatâ? e/otowio? dpjjia Kai LTTTTOVS 440

eV S' €TTV€VO> LTTTTOICTI /Cat T^yU.lOl'Ol? /JieVOS rjV.

aAA' ore §i Trvpyov? re v€wv Kai rd(j)pov IKOVTO,OL Se veov 77ept SopTra <f>vAaKrfjpes iroveovro,Totcrt S' e0' VTTVOV eêve Sta/cropo? 'Airdaiv, a<j)ap S' cut'ê TruAa? /cat aTrcDcrev oe? 8' ayaye Hpta/iov Te /cat dyAaa ScDp' e??' d

1 eoio : eôs,2 Line 423 was rejected by Aristophanes and Aristarchus.

594


do the blessed gods care for thy son, a corpse thoughhe be, seeing he was dear unto their hearts."

So spake he, and the old man waxed glad, andanswered, saying: " My child, a good thing is it insooth e'en to give to the immortals such gifts asbe due ; for never did my son—as sure as ever sucha one there was—forget in our halls the gods thathold Olympus ; wherefore they have rememberedthis for him, even though he be in the doom of death.But come, take thou from me this fair goblet, andguard me myself, and guide me with the speedingof the gods, until I he come unto the hut of the sonof Peleus."

And again the messenger, Arge'iphontes, spake tohim : " Thou dost make trial of me, old sire, thatam younger than thou ; but thou shalt not prevailupon me, seeing thou biddest me take gifts fromthee while Achilles knoweth naught thereof. Ofhim have I fear and awe at heart, that I shoulddefraud him, lest haply some evil befal me hereafter.Howbeit as thy guide would I go even unto gloriousArgos, attending thee with kindly care in a swiftship or on foot; nor would any man make light of thyguide and set upon thee."

So spake the Helper, and leaping upon thechariot behind the horses quickly grasped in hishands the lash and reins, and breathed great mightinto the horses and mules. But when they werecome to the walls and the trench that guarded theships, even as the watchers were but now busyingthem about their supper, upon all of these themessenger Argeiiphontes shed sleep, and forthwithopened the gates, and thrust back the bars, andbrought within Priam, and the splendid gifts upon

595

HOMER

aAA* ore Srj /cAtcrtî'vfirjXTjv, rr]v Myp/uSove? -rroiiqaav ara/mSovp' eAar^? Kepaavres • drdp KaOvTrepOev epefiav 450

' opofov XeifjLiovodev d/Jiijaavres •oe ol peydXfjv avXrjV TTOL^CTCLV ava/crt

aravpoimv TTVKivolai- Ovpyv S' e' e povvos €TTi/3Xr]s€iXa.Tivos, fov rpeis fj,ev empprjaaeaKOv 'Aâtoi,rpeis S' OLvaoiyecrKOv /j,€ydXr)V /cA^tSa Qvpdtov, 455r&v dXXcov 'A^tAew 8' ap' eTTipprycraecr/ce /cat oios"Siy /oa rod* 'Ep/zeta? eptouvto?e? S' ayaye /cAura Scopae^ ITTTTOJV §' cx77e/3aiv€v em ^96va (frwvrjorev re*

a> yepov, y rot, eyco flee? afj,/3poro$ elXijXovda, 460Epyueias" crot yap /*e Trarrjp a/xa TTO^TTOV onaoaev.

aAA* ^ rot ju.ei' eya) WAtv etaop,at, oz)8'o<pdaXfj,ov$ €i&€ifii' r€/j.ecrcrrjrov Se /cei^ e

tov wSe /Sporovs aya77aêp:ev§' elaeXOajv Xa/3e yovvara TLr)XeL'a)vos, 465

/cat p:ti/ VTrep Trarpo? /cat [Lrjrepos rjiJKopoioAtacreo /cat re/ceo?, «W ot cri)v Ovôv opivrjs."

"Q? apa (fxovijcras a.7re^ Trpos yua/cpoi>'Epp:etas" npta/zo? S' e^ ITTTTOIV aXro'ISaror Se /car' a^t XiTrev 6 Se fMi^vev epvKatv 470LTTTTOVS rjfjuovovs T€' yepcw 8' t^y? /ctev ot/cou,r^ p" 'A^tAei)? i£eovce Stti^tAo?' e^ Se /ztv auToyeup', erapot S' dirdvevOe KaOijaro- T(l> Se Sw' otco,rjpcos Avro/êScov re /cat "AA/ctô?, 0^0? "Aprjos,TToirrvvov Trapeo^re • yeoy §' (XTreA^yev e&coSrjs 475eadcuv Kal rrivojv ert /cat Trape/cetro



the wain. But when they were come to the hut ofPeleus' son, the lofty hut which the Myrmidons hadbuilded for their king, hewing therefor beams of fir—and they had roofed it over with downy thatch,gathered from the meadows; and round it they rearedfor him, their king, a great court with thick-set pales ;and the door thereof was held by one single bar offir that three Achaeans were wont to drive home,and three to draw back the great bolt of the door(three of the rest, but Achilles would drive it homeeven of himself)—then verily the helper Hermesopened the door for the old man, and brought in theglorious gifts for the swift-footed son of Peleus ; andfrom the chariot he stepped down to the ground andspake, saying :

" Old sire, I that am come to thee am an immortalgod, even Hermes ; for the Father sent me to guidethee on thy way. But now verily will I go back,neither come within Achilles' sight ; good cause forwrath would it be that an immortal god should thusopenly be entertained of mortals. But go thou in,and clasp the knees of the son of Peleus and entreathim by his father and his fair-haired mother and hischild, that thou mayest stir his soul."

So spake Hermes, and departed unto high Olympus;and Priam leapt from his chariot to the ground,and left there Idaeus, who abode holding thehorses and mules ; but the old man went straighttoward the house where Achilles, dear to Zeus, waswont to sit. Therein he found Achilles, but hiscomrades sat apart: two only, the warrior Automedonand Alcimus, scion of Ares, waited busily upon him ;and he was newly ceased from meat, even from eatingand drinking, and the table yet stood by his side.

597

HOMER

rovs 8* eAa#' elaeXOJiv Hpta/AO? ytie'ya?,apa crra?

'AîAATyo? Aa/:?e yowara /cat /cucreav^po(j)6vovs, at ot rroXeas Krdvov vlas.

a)S 8' 6V aV dVSp' arjy TtVKwr) Xdfirj, o? T' evt rrarprj 430<f>a)Ta /cara/cretVa? d'AAcov e^t/cero Srjfjuov,dvSpo? e? a^veiov, ddp,/3os §' eêt elo-opocavras,cos 'A^tAeus1 Od^jSrjcrev tScuv lipiajjiov feoetSecr6d^f]cea.v Se «rai d'AAot, e? aAATyAofs1 §e t'Soi^ro.TOV /cat Xt,acr6/Ji€vos TIpianos irpos p,vOov eeiTre* 485" /Jivrjcrai Trarpos croto, êot? eVtet/ceA' 'A^tAAeu,rrjXiKOV to? TTe/o eywv, oAoa> e?rt yrjpaos ov8a>"/cat /.teV 77oi» /cetvov Treptvaterat ap^ls eovresretpoucr', ouSe rt? £CTTt^ dp^v /cat Aoiyov d/zwat.dAA' T) rot /cetvos" ye aeOev ^WOVTOS aKovoov 490ât'pet r' e^ 9ufj,co, em r' eATrerat âra iravTaoi/jecr6ai (f)iXov viov 0,770 TpoiÔev lovra'avrap eyw iravaTTOTôs, eVet TZKOV vias dpiarovsTpocrj ev evpeirj, T&v 8 ou rt/â <^/zt AeAet^ât.TrevTTJKovrd [tot, rjcrav, or' rjXv6ov vies 'AâtcDv 495eVvea/cat'Se/ca /xeV /zot 117? e'/c vrjSvos rjcrav,TOVS S' aAAou? )U.ot eriKTOv eVt //.eydpotcrt yuvat/ce?.raw yLtet' TroAAaij'' 6ovpo$ "A.pr)$ VTTO yovvar* eXvaevos 8e //.ot oto? eTjj/, eipvro 8e acrru /cat avrovs,rov cry Trp^r^v Krewas d^vvoêvov Trept Trdrprjs, 500"E/cropa • TOU i/w etve^;' t/cavco vây 'AâtcDvXvaojAevos Trapa, aeto, <f>epa) 8' a.77epetcrt* aVowa.dAA' at'Seto 0€ovs, 'A^tAe£», avroV r' eXerjaov,jjivrjcrdpevos crov Trarpos' eyco S' eAeetvorepos1 Trep,598


Unseen of these great Priam entered in, and comingclose to Achilles, clasped in his hands his knees, andkissed his hands, the terrible, man-slaying handsthat had slain his many sons. And as when soreblindness of heart cometh upon a man, that in hisown country slayeth another and escapeth to a landof strangers, to the house of some man of substance,and wonder holdeth them that look upon him ; evenso was Achilles seized with wonder at sight of godlikePriam, and seized with wonder were the otherslikewise, and they glanced one at the other. ButPriam made entreaty, and spake to him, saying :" Remember thy father, O Achilles like to the gods,whose years are even as mine, on the grievousthreshold of old age. Him full likely the dwellersthat be round about are entreating evilly, neither isthere any to ward from him ruin and bane. Howbeit,while he heareth of thee as yet alive he hath joy atheart, and therewithal hopeth day by day that heshall see his dear son returning from Troy-land. ButI—I am utterly unblest, seeing I begat sons the bestin the broad land of Troy, yet of them I avow thatnot one is left. Fifty -I had, when the sons of theAchaeans came ; nineteen were born to me of theself-same womb, and the others women of the palacebare. Of these, many as they were, furious Areshath loosed the knees, and he that alone was left me,that by himself guarded the city and the men, himthou slewest but now as he fought for his country,even Hector. For his sake am I now come to theships of the Achaeans to win him back from thee, andI bear with me ransom past counting. Nay, havethou awe of the gods, Achilles, and take pity on me,remembering thine own father. Lo, I am more

599

HOMER

erXrjv 8' of ov TTW ris eTTL^dovios fiporos aAAo?, 505dvopos irai8o(f>6voio TTOTI aro/xa XGfy' dpeyeadai."

n£ls (f)dro, ra> §' dpa rrarpos V(j>' lêpov a>paeyooio •

difiduevos o* apa xeipos drrwcraro r/Ka yepovra.TO) §e ^^cra/zeVco, 6 p,ev "E/cropos1 dv8po(f)6vot,oK\CU a&iva TTporrdpoLde TroSaiv 'A^tAô? IXvaQeLs, 510avrap 'A^tAAei)? K\atev lov Trarep' , d'AAore S' afireHdrpoKXov rwv Se OTOvajcrj Kara §a>yu,ar' opatpei.avrap eVet pa yooio rerdprrero Sto? 'A^tAAev?,KO.I ol 0,770 7rpa7TiSa)v yX6' ifj,€pos iJS' a7ro yviwv,1

d-no dpovov &pro, yepovra 8e xeipos aviary, 515-noXiov re Kaprj rroXtov re yeveiov,

KCLI p,LV (frawricfas errea rrrepoevra TrpoarjvBa'a SetA', r) 8rj TroAAd Kan' avaêo aov Kara dvôv.

TTO>S erXrjS eTTi vrjas 'Aâtaii/ eX6efj,ei> olo$,dv8pos €$• 3(f)6aXfjiovs 6V rot 77oAea? re /cat eadXovs 520vieas e£evdpi£a; ai&rjpeiov vv roi rjrop.cxAA' aye 8rj /car' a/o' et,ev em dpovov, dXyea 8' e/j,7rr)scv Ovfjiaj KaraKeicrdai edaofjiev d^vvêvoi nep-ov yap res Trprjîs TreAerat Kpvepolo yooco'ws yap eVe/cAa»cravTO êot SetAotcrt flporolai, 525£aieiv d^wfjievovs' avrol 8e T' a/c-^See? ei'crt.Soiot yap re rridoi «rara/cetarat ev Ato? ov8eiStopcov oia StSaicrt, KaKcov, erepos 8e edcova) pev /c' d/j,p,ei£a$ Scorj Zevs Tepmtcepavvos,aXXore [j,ev re KaKw 6 ye Kvperai, d'AAore 8' eaOXa) • 530

1 Line 514 was rejected by Aristarchus.1 The Greek admits of the rendering, " two urns . . . of

the evil gifts that he giveth, and one of blessings," but therendering given above agrees with Plato's interpretation(Repub. ii. 379 D).600


piteous far than he, and have endured what no othermortal on the face of earth hath yet endured, toreach forth my hand to the face of him that hathslain my sons."

So spake he, and in Achilles he roused desire toweep for his father ; and he took the old man bythe hand, and gently put him from him. So thetwain bethought them of their dead, and wept;the one for man-slaying Hector wept sore, the whilehe grovelled at Achilles' feet, but Achilles wept forhis own father, and now again for Patroclus ; andthe sound of their moaning went up through thehouse. But when goodly Achilles had had his fill oflamenting, and the longing therefor had departedfrom his heart and limbs, forthwith then he sprangfrom his seat, and raised the old man by his hand,pitying his hoary head and hoary beard ; and hespake and addressed him with winged words : " Ah,unhappy man, full many in good sooth are the evilsthou hast endured in thy soul. How hadst thou theheart to come alone to the ships of the Achaeans, tomeet the eyes of me that have slain thy sons manyand valiant ? Of iron verily is thy heart. Butcome, sit thou upon a seat, and our sorrows will wesuffer to lie quiet in our hearts, despite our pain; forno profit cometh of chill lament. For on this wisehave the gods spun the thread for wretched mortals,that they should live in pain; and themselves aresorrowless. For two urns are set upon the floor ofZeus of gifts that he giveth, the one of ills, the otherof blessings.1 To whomsoever Zeus, that hurleththe thunderbolt, giveth a mingled lot, that manmeeteth now with evil, now with good; but to whom-

601

HOMER

w Se Ke rcov Xvypa)v 80677, Aw/^rov/cat e /ca/cr) ftovfipcocms em ^dova Slav eXavvei,fj&otra 8' ovre deolai rertîeVos1 cure fipoTOicrw.a>s n>ev /cat II 77X17 1 deol ooaav ayAaa ScopaeK yeêr^s" rravras yap CTT av9pa>7rous e/ce/catrro 5356'A/?a> re TrXovrq) re, avaaae Se Myp/xcSot'ecrcri,/cat ot QvrfTUt eovri deav Trolyaav O.KOI.TIV.

/ce êos KO.KOV, orn ot ot» TI//eyapotcrt yo^ yeVero Kpecovrcov,

aAA' eVa TratSa reKev -navawpiov ov8e vv TOV ye 540yrjpdaKovra /CO/AIÔ), eTret /zaAa rrjXodi rrdrpr^s^fjiat. eVt TpoL-fl, ere re /c^Sa>i> lySe era re/cm./cat ere, yepov, TO Trptv /nei/ a.KovofJ,ev oX^Lov eivai'oaaov Ae'ff^Sos1 dVa>, Ma/capos e'So?, eWc? eepyei/cat Qpvyir] Kadvrrepde /cat 'EAA-^crvrovTos a.TTeipa>v, 545rcDv ere, yepov, TrAoimw re /cat utacrt <âcrt /ce/cacrât.avrap errei rot TTTûa roS' tfyayov Qvpavicwes,atet rot ?7ept acrru //.aât r' avSpOKraaiat re.avaxeo, /*^8' aXiacrrov oSvpeo crov Kara GvfJiovov yap rt Ttprjêis a/ca^/zevo? fto? eoto,1 550ovSe /xtv dvcrr^creis', Trpiv /cat KCLKOV aXXo TrdOâda."

Tov 8' ^/u-etjSer' eVetra yepcov ITpta/xo? êoetS^s"" jitT^ TTCU /A' e? Opovov lê, oiorpecfres, otfrpa Kev

/cetrat eVt KXicrirjatv a/c^Si^s1, dAAd rd^tcrraXvaov, tv' o(/)daXiJ,oiaiv t'Scu- CTU 8e Se'ât aTrotva 555TroAAct, rd rot <f>epo[j,ev. en) Se rcDv8' aTrdâto, /cat

1 eoto : eôs.2 Lines 556 f, were rejected by Aristarchus.

1 This interpretation is given by the scholiast. Morecommonly /3<w/3/)wcmj is assumed to mean " famine."602


soever he giveth but of the baneful, him he maketh tobe reviled of man, and direful madnessl driveth himover the face of the sacred earth, and he wanderethhonoured neither of gods nor mortals. Even sounto Peleus did the gods give glorious gifts fromhis birth ; for he excelled all men in good estate andin wealth, and was king over the Myrmidons, and tohim that was but a mortal the gods gave a goddessto be his wife. Howbeit even upon him the godsbrought evil, in that there nowise sprang up in hishalls offspring of princely sons, but he begat oneonly son, doomed to an untimely fate. Neither mayI tend him as he groweth old, seeing that far, far frommine own country I abide in the land of Troy, vexingthee and thy children. And of thee, old sire, we hearthat of old thou wast blest; how of all that towardthe sea Lesbos, the seat of Macar,2 encloseth, andPhrygia in the upland, and the boundless Hellespont,over all these folk, men say, thou, old sire, wast pre-eminent by reason of thy wealth and thy sons. How-beit from the time when the heavenly gods broughtupon thee this bane, ever around thy city are battlesand slayings of men. Bear thou up, neither wail everceaselessly in thy heart; for naught wilt thou availby grieving for thy son, neither wilt thou bring himback to life ; ere that shalt thou suffer some otherill."

And the old man, godlike Priam, answered him :" Seat me not anywise upon a chair, O thou fosteredof Zeus, so long as Hector lieth uncared-for amid thehuts ; nay, give him back with speed, that mineeyes may behold him ; and do thou accept theransom, the great ransom, that we bring. So mayest

2 Macar was a legendary king of Lesbos.603

HOMEE

oriv es TrarpiSa yalav, en-ei /ê Trpcorov e'acra?avrov re £,a>€iv KOI opdv (pdos êAt'oio."1

T< \ C-5 W > t /(J. 50. \ / I /<> > »1 or o ap VTToopa LOOJV irpo&etpr) Trooa? OJKV$' A^tAAey? '

" //,7]/cen vw û,' €p€0i[,e, yepov' votco 8e /cat auro? 560"E/cropa TOI Avcrai, Atoê^ 8e ywot ayyeAo? Âê

, r\ //,' ere/cev, dvydrrjp dXioio yepovros.Se ere yiyvaiGKO), Dpta/ê, (frpeaiv, ouSe /*e

6Vrt deaiv ri's" cr' T^ye ôd? eVtov yap Ke rXair/ /3poros eXOepev, ov8e /âA' rjficov, 665e? arparov ov8e yap av (f>vXdi<ovs XdOoi, ov8e K

dvpdcuvTO) vvv [jiTJ [j,oi ftaAAov ev aXyeai dvfMov opivrjs,

at, yepov, ouS' CLVTOV evl KXtairjcriv edacoiK€T'Y)V Trep eovra, Aio? S' aAiVco/Aat ecf)€T[j,ds ." 570? eîar', e'SSeicrei> §' o yepwv Kal eVetêro fjivda).

8' O'LKOIO Xetov aj? dAro 9vpa£,€,OVK olos, afjia TO) ye Swco depdirovres ZTTOVTO,rjpcos A.vTOfj,eSa)v rj8* "AA/ct^to?, ou? pa //.aAtcrrart' 'A^tAez)? erapcov fj,era TldrpoKXov ye Qavovra, 675Ol TO^' V7TO £,Vy6<f)lV XvOV LTTTTOVg rjfJMOVOVS T€,

es S' ayayov KrjpvKa /caA^ropa roto yepovros,KOL§ S' €7Tt &i(f>pov etcrav cvcracorpov2 S' a?r' dmjvTjsfjpeov 'J^KToperjs KefiaXfjs aTrepetcrt' aVowa./cd§ 8' e'AtTroK Syo c/>ape' evvvrjrov re îraiva, 580

V€KVV irvKaaas 8oir)1 Line 558 is omitted in many MSS.

1 Line 558, which was unknown to Aristarchus and is604


tliou have joy thereof, and come to thy native land,seeing that from the first thou hast spared me."1

Then with an angry glance from beneath hisbrows spake to him Achilles swift of foot : " Provokeme no more, old sir ; I am minded even of myself togive Hector back to thee ; for from Zeus there cameto me a messenger, even the mother that bare me,daughter of the old man of the sea. And of thee,Priam, do I know in my heart—it nowise escapethme—that some god led thee to the swift ships of theAchaeans. For no mortal man, were he never soyoung and strong, would dare to come amid the host;neither could he then escape the watch, nor easilythrust back the bar of our doors. Wherefore now stirmy heart no more amid my sorrows, lest, old sire, Ispare not even thee within the huts, my suppliantthough thouart,andso sin against the behestof Zeus."

So spake he, and the old man was seized with fear,and hearkened to his word. But like a lion the sonof Peleus sprang forth from the house—not alone, forwith him went two squires as well, even the warriorAutomedon and Alcimus, they that Achilles honouredabove all his comrades, after the dead Patroclus.These then loosed from beneath the yoke the horsesand mules, and led within the herald, the crier ofthe old king, and set him on a chair ; and from thewain of goodly felloes they took the countless ransomfor Hector's head. But they left there two robes anda fair-woven tunic, to the end that Achilles mightenwrap the dead therein and so give him to be borneto his home. Then Achilles called forth the hand-

unnoticed by the scholia and by Eustathius, has been omittedin translating: " myself to live, and behold the light ofthe sun."

605

HOMER

8' e/c/caAecras- Aoucrat /ceAer' ap^t r* aAeât,voa<f)iv detpdaa?, cos* /AI) TIpiajj,os t8ot ytw,17 o /u,ev dxvvfj,€vrj KpaSir) %6\ov ou/c epvaairo

TratSa tSaji/, 'A^tA^t 8' opwOeir] <piXov tfrop, 585/cat e Acara/cretVete, Ato? S' dAtV^rai efierfjids.TOV §' €7ret ow S/âiat Aoucraj' /cat xplaav eAataj,a/A^t Se /xtv (f)dpos KaXov fiaXov ^Se ^trotm,auro? rov y' 'A^tAeu? Xeêcov eTredrjK^v aetpa?,crui/ 8* erapot rieipav cvêcrTrjv CTT' dTnjv'rjv. 590

r' ap' eVetra, (j>l\ov S' ovo^vev eratpov

elv "AtSo? 7re/3 ect>v ort "E/croyoa Stov eXvaa-narpl rf>L\a>, erret ou /zot aet/ce'a Saj/cet' dVotva.1

troi 8'au eyct> /cat rcDvS' a7ro8acro'o/iat ocrcr' eTreoiKev." 595*H pa, /cat e? K\i(jLrjV -ndXiv TJ'ie 8los '

eêro 8' ev /cAtCT/za) TroAfSatSdAw, evdevrot' ov TOW ercpov, TTOTI 8e Tlpiapov (ftdro" vlos /JL6V STJ roi Ae'Aurat, yepov, cos e/ce'/cetrat 8' ev Aeêecrcr' • d'/za 8' i}ot <f>aivo[ji,ei>r)<f)iv 600oêat aw-ros1 d'yaif i/w Se /jLvrjaw/jLeOa Bopirov./cat yap r' rjVKopos Nio^fy ep,vrjcraTO airov,rfl 7T€p ScoSe/ca TratSe? evt yueyapoicrtv oXovto,«> \ /I / «/• O' '/ 'Ofeg fj,ev e/uyarepe?, eg1 o vtee? rjpajovres.TOV? /A€v 'A7ToAAa)v TT€<f>V€V a7r' dpyupeoto fiioio 605)(O}6fj,evos Ntd^, rd? 8' "Apre^t? toêatpa,owe/c' apa AVJTOI tcracr/cero^^ Sotct) reK€€LV, -T] 8* awn) yetVaToTW 8' d'pa /cat Soioj vrep edvr' aTrd Trdvras oXeaoav.

1 Lines 594 f. were rejected by Aristarchus.1 This is the only mention of the Niobe legend in Homer.

According to the tragedians there were seven sons and sevendaughters.606


maids and bade them wash and anoint him, bearinghim to a place apart that Priam might not have sightof his son, lest in grief of heart he should not restrainhis wrath, whenso he had sight of his son, and Achilles'own spirit be stirred to anger, and he slay him, andso sin against the behest of Zeus. So when thehandmaids had washed the body and anointed it withoil, and had cast about it a fair cloak and a tunic, thenAchilles himself lifted it and set it upon a bi|ig&pdhis comrades with him lifted it upon th«0q|i||pFedwaggon. Then he uttered a groan, and called byname upon his dear comrade : "Be not thou wrothwith me, Patroclus, if thou hearest even in the houseof Hades that I have given back goodly Hector to hisdear father, seeing that not unseemly is the ransomhe hath given me. And unto thee shall I rendereven of this all that is thy due."

So spake goodly Achilles, and went back withinthe hut and on the richly-wrought chair wherefromhe had risen sate him down by the opposite wall,and he spake unto Priam, saying : " Thy son, oldsire, is given back according to thy wish, and liethupon a bier ; and at break of day thou shalt thyselfbehold him, as thou bearest him hence ; but for thispresent let us bethink us of supper. For even thefair-haired Niobe bethought her of meat, albeittwelve children perished in her halls, six daughtersand six lusty sons.1 The sons Apollo slew withshafts from his silver bow, being wroth against Niobe,and the daughters the archer Artemis, for that Niobehad matched her with fair-cheeked Leto, saying thatthe goddess had borne but twain, while herself wasmother to many ; wherefore they, for all they werebut twain, destroyed them all. For nine days' space

607

HOMER

ol pkv dp* evvfj/jiap /ceor' €V <$>6vco, owSe Tt? fjzv 610i, Aaov? 8e Xidovs Trot^cre

8* apa rfj Se/cari] ddfiav deolr) 8' apa airov nvTJcrar* , eVet Aca/ze SaKpvvw Se TTOU ev TT6Tpr)OLV, €V ovpeoiv otoTToAotcrtv,1

ev ZiTTuAaj, o^t âcri Oedcov eleven, ewd? 615vvp,<f>dwv, al T' a/i^' 'AêAaitof eppaiaavTo,evda, \idos Trep eovcra dewv e«r Ki^Sea ireaasi.aAA' aye S^ /cat va>t fjieât/êda, Sle yepaie,airov erreird KCV entire (f)iXov TraiSa /cAatotcrâ,"lAtov zlacLyayayv • TroXvSaKpvros 8e rot earat." 620

TH, /cat arnica? otV aipyvfov ai/cu? 'A^tAAewo<f>d£' • erapoi 8' e'Sepov re /cat dêrfov ev Kara

KOGfJLOV,

r' ap' eTTioraêvats rreipdv T'T€ Trepifpaeajs, epvaavro re rravra.

8' apa alrov eXa>v erreveipe rparre^r] 625/caAot? ev KaveoLariv drdp Kpea V6i[ji€v 'A^tAAei;?.ot' S' eir' ovf.la.ff erot/za Trpo/cet/zeva êlpas laAXov.avrap CTTCL TTOOIOS Kai eS^rvos- e' epov eWo,• rot A.apoaviSrjS' Tlpia/mos 0avfj,a£,' 'A^tAâ,oo'cros' erji' otos1 Te- $eotcrt yap dVra eoj/cef 630avrap 6 k.apoavio~r)v Ylpiaôv dav/JLaêv 'AîAAeysêtcropoajv o^tV T' dyadrjv /cat jJivdov OLKOVOJV.avrap €7rel rdpTrrjoav e? aAAÂou? opoaivres,rov Trporepos rrpoaleiTre ylpwv Hptaôs1

1 Lines 614-617 were rejected by Aristophanes and Arist-archus.

1 Presumably the people were in some way involved inNiobe's guilt, but the allusion is to some form of the legendotherwise unknown. We may note that a popular etymologyconnected Xaos " folk " with Xaas " stone."608


they lay in their blood, nor was there'any to burythem, for the son of Cronos turned the folk tostones ; l howbeit on the tenth day the gods ofheaven buried them; and Niobe bethought her ofmeat, for she was wearied with the shedding oftears. And now somewhere amid the rocks, onthe lonely mountains, on Sipylus, where, mensay, are the couching-places of goddesses, evenof the nymphs that range swiftly in the danceabout Achelous,2 there, albeit a stone, she broodethover her woes sent by the gods. But come,let us twain likewise, noble old sire, bethink usof meat; and thereafter shalt thou make lamentover thy dear son, when thou hast borne himinto Ilios; mourned shall he be of thee withmany tears."

Therewith swift Achilles sprang up, and slew awhite-fleeced sheep, and his comrades flayed it andmade it ready well and duly, and sliced it cunninglyand spitted the morsels, and roasted them carefullyand drew all off the spits. And Automedon tookbread and dealt it forth on the table in fair baskets,while Achilles dealt the meat. So they put forththeir hands to the good cheer lying ready beforethem. But when they had put from them the desireof food and drink, then verily Priam, son of Dardanus,marvelled at Achilles, how tall he was and how comely;for he was like the gods to look upon. And at Priam,son of Dardanus, did Achilles marvel, beholding hisgoodly aspect and hearkening to his words. Butwhen they had had their fill of gazing one upon theother, then the old man, godlike Priam, was first to

2 That there should be a stream Achelous in Lydia needexcite no surprise, though it is mentioned only here.

VOL. II 2 R 609

HOMER

" Ae'fov vvv */xe ra^tora, StoTpeêV, o<^pa /cat 17877 635viTvo) VTTO yXvxepu) rap-natfjieda KoiprjOevres 'ov yap TTO> {JLVOCLV ocrcre VTTO {$Xz<f)dpoLOW ep:oto"ive'£ ov afjs VTTO ^palv epos Trai? coAecre 6v/j,6v,aAA' atet oreyaâ) /cat /crjSea p;upta Treaato,avArjs eV ôprotcrt /cuAtvSoêv'os1 /cara KOTTpov. 640

817 KCU airov Traod^v /cat aWoTra olvovaê'^/ca1 7rdpos ye fJ>ev ov rt Trewacr^t'."

H p', 'A^tAeu? S' erapotcriv tSe Sju,a>^crt /ceAeucreVTT* aWovar) dêvai /cat prj-yea KaXa

JiâXeetv, aropeaat r' efivTrepde raTrrjTas, 645T' eVê//.evat ouAa? Kadvrrepdev eaaadat.

al 8' tcrai^ e/c //.eyapoto Sao? p-era %epalv €%ovaai,aii/Ja 8' apa oropeaav 8ota> Aeê* eyKoveovo~ai.TOV S' €7TlK€pTOfji€a>V 7TpOa€(f)r) TToSa? (1)KVS 'A^lAAeW?1

" CKTOS l^€V orj Aeô, yepov <j)iXz, fjiij TIS 'AâtcDv 650evâS' eTTeAdrjaiv f3ovArj<f>6pos, ot re /zot atetfiovAa.? f3ov\€vovo~i -napri^voi, TJ depis ecrrt'Ttot' et TtV <re i'SotTO ôi)^ Sta VVKTO.aurt/c' av efetTrot 'Aya/xe/xvoi't 7rotp:eVi/cat /ce^ dvdftArjcrts Xvcnos veKpolo yeviqrai. 655aAA* aye ptot ToSe etTre /cat drpeKtcos /caraAeôv,7TOcrafj[j,ap pe/movas Krepe'Cêpev "E/cropa Stov,o^pa recos" ai5ro? re p,eva) /cat Aaov

Tov 8' êtySer' eVetra yepatv Ilpta^to?" et p,ev 87^ p:' e' e'Aet? reAe'crat rdfiov "E/cropt St'aij 660c58e /ce p,ot p'e' a)!/, 'A^tAey

1 " The application is very obscure, but it is best takenas expressing Achilles' tone in speaking of Agamemnon, asthough he bitterly assumed that his enemy would thwart himat every opportunity. There is no taunt in his words toPriam " (Leaf).610


speak, saying : " Show me now my bed with speed,O thou nurtured of Zeus, that lulled at length bysweet sleep we may rest and take our joy ; for neveryet have mine eyes closed beneath mine eyelidssince at thy hands my son lost his life, but everdo I wail and brood over my countless sorrows,grovelling in the filth in the closed spaces of thecourt. But now have I tasted of meat, and have letflaming wine pass down my throat; whereas till nowhad I tasted naught."

He spake, and Achilles bade his comrades and thehandmaids set bedsteads beneath the portico, and tolay on them fair purple blankets, and to spreadthereover coverlets, and on these to put fleecy cloaksfor clothing. So the maids went forth from the hallwith torches in their hands, and straightway spreadtwo beds in busy haste. Then mockingly l spakeunto Priam Achilles, swift of foot: "Without do thoulay thee down, dear old sire, lest there come hitherone of the counsellors of the Achaeans, that ever sitby my side and take counsel, as is meet. If one ofthese were to have sight of thee through the swiftblack pight, forthwith might he haply tell it toAgamemnon, shepherd of the host, and so shouldthere arise delay in the giving back of the body.But come, tell me this, and declare it truly : forhow many days' space thou art minded to makefuneral for goodly Hector, to the end that for solong I may myself abide, and may keep back thehost."

And the old man, godlike Priam, answered him :saying : " If thou indeed art willing that I accomplishfor goodly Hector his burial, then in doing on thiswise, O Achilles, wilt thou do according to my wish.

611

HOMER

olaOa yap MS Kara aarv eeXÔa, rrjXodi, 8' vXr]d£efji€V e£ opeo?, fidXa Se Tptoe? SeStaatv.

V K avrov €vl /j,eydpoLs yoaot/zej', 665Se /ce QdirToipev BawvTo re Aao?,

avra>et

w 8' aure TTpocreeiTre TroSap/CTj? Sto? '" ecrrat rot /cat rawa, yepov Hpiafj,* , a>s ova^rjoa) yap TroAeôv TOO-CTOV yjpovov ocrcrov avajya.?." 670

"Q? apa ficwrjcras eVt KapTTO) X€Wa y^povrose'AAttjSe Se^LTepTJv, [nj TTCOS Setcret* eVt dvfj,a>.ol fj,ev ap' ev vrpoSo^toj So/xon avrodiKTfpv^ Kal n/otayuo?, TTf/cira (frpeoiavrap 'Ap^tAAei)? ewSe />ti»â> K/{ioirjs eiJTnJKTov 675TW 8e Bptcr^t? TrapeAefaro KaXXiTrdprjos .

"AAAot /xeV pa êot re /cat avepes LTnroKopvoralevSov Trawvîoi, p,aXaKO> SeSyUêVot VTTVW'aAA' ou^ 'EpftetW tpiovvLOV VTTVOS €/j,apTTT€v,6p/Jiaivovry ava Qvpov OTTCOS IIpta/Aov fiaaiArja 680f?jcai> eK7T6fjuff€ie XaOojv tepovs 7rvXaa>povs.arfj 8' ap' wep KefiaX'fjs /cat /xtv Trpo? pvdov" c5 yepov, ov vv TI aot ye /xeAet /ca/cw, ofov

dvSpdaiv ev Srfioiaiv, eTrei a' etacrev 'A/cat vw /xev <f)iXov vlov eXvaao, TroAAa 8' e'Sw/ca? • 685creto 8e /ce ^coou /cat rpt? rocra Sotet' aTroivaTratSe? Tot /xeroTrtaê AeAet/i/>teVot, at /c' 'Aya-

yva>rj cr' 'Arpetbrjs, yvatcoai, Se Trdvres '"Qs1 eâr', e'SSetaet' 8' o yepcov, KijpVKa 8' avi


Thou knowest how we are pent within the city, andfar is it to fetch wood from the mountain, and theTrojans are sore afraid. For nine days' space willwe wail for him in our halls, and on the tenth willwe make his funeral, and the folk shall feast, and onthe eleventh will we heap a barrow over him, and onthe twelfth will we do battle, if so be we must."

Then spake to him in answer swift-footed, goodlyAchilles : " Thus shall this also be, aged Priam, evenas thou wouldest have it ; for I will hold back thebattle for such time as thou dost bid."

When he had thus spoken he clasped the old man'sright hand by the wrist, lest his heart should anywise wax fearful. So they laid them to sleep therein the fore-hall of the house, the herald and Priam,with hearts of wisdom in their breasts ; but Achillesslept in the innermost part of the well-builded hut,and by his side lay fair-cheeked Brise'is.

Now all the other gods and men, lords of chariots,slumbered the whole night through, overcome of softsleep ; but not upon the helper Hermes might sleeplay hold, as he pondered in mind how he shouldguide king Priam forth from the ships unmarked ofthe strong keepers of the gate. He took his standabove his head and spake to him, saying : " Old sire,no thought then hast thou of any evil, that thou stillsleepest thus amid foemen, for that Achilles hasspared thee. Now verily hast thou ransomed thy son,and a great price thou gavest. But for thine ownlife must the sons thou hast, they that be left behind,give ransom thrice so great, if so be Agamemnon,Atreus' son, have knowledge of thee, or the host ofthe Achaeans have knowledge."

So spake he, and the old man was seized with

613

HOMER

8' 'E/o/mas1 £,£$£* LTTTTOVS r/fjaovovs re, 690a 8' dp' avros eXavve /cara, arparov, ovSe riseyvu).

'AAA' ore 817 rropov l£ov eijppelos rrorafJiOLo,Edvdov oivnjevros, ov dOdvaros re/cero Zeu?/

V eVetr' dire^r] Trpos p,at<p6v "OXv/j,Trov,Se KpoKOTrerrXos €Ki8vaTO irdaav eir' alav, 695

ot 8' es acrru e\a>v ot/xa)yify re arova^fj reITTTTOVS, rj/j,t,ovoi Se VZKVV (j)4pov. ov8e rt? aAAos-eyt'a; rrpoaff dvSpaiv KaX\it,a>va)v reaAA' apa Kao-aai/Sp^, iK€\r) xpvaey

Ilepya/zot' elaavajSaaa <fii\ov Trare/o' eiaevorjcrev 700eo-raor' ev §i<f>pu), KijpVKa re dcrrvfiowrrjvrov 8' ap' e^' r)/j,iova}v t'Se Keiêvov ev Aeêecrcrt*KWKvaev r' ap' erreira yeycwe re rrav Kara dorv

" oijjeade, Tpajes /cat TyoaiaSe?, "E/crop' tovre?,ei Trore /cat ^ctWrt fJ^d^s e/c vocrr^cravrt 705âtper', eVet (tteya -^dpâ rroXec T* navri reSijfjia)."

r t / - \ >/J > 50 / > //p » \ / % . . \ / » ) \i2s" e<par , owde rt? avrou evi TrroAei Mirer avrjp

ot5Se yw^- rfdvras yap ddaêrov t/cero irevdos'dyXov Se ^vfjiBXrjvro Trv\da>v veKpov aiyovri.rrpatrai rov y' a'Aoô? re (/)L\rj /cat rtorvia p^rrjp 710

, eir* dfj,aâv evrpoôv dtâaai,K€(f>aXr]$ • K\aia)V 8' a/î'ora^' o^tAo?.

/cat vu /ce 8^ rrporrav râp e? yeXiov /caraSwra"E/cropa Sa/cpv %eovres oovpovro rrpo revXda)v,el (j.r) ap* e/c SifipoLO yepcov Xaolcri, fj,erif)vSa' 715

1 Line 693 ( = xiv. 434, xxi. 2) is omitted in the best MSS.614


fear, and made the herald to arise. And Hermesyoked for them the horses and mules, and himselflightly drave them through the camp, neither hadany man knowledge thereof.

But when they were now come to the ford of thefair-flowing river, even eddying Xanthus, that im-mortal Zeus begat, then Hermes departed to highOlympus, and Dawn, the saffron-robed, was spread-ing over the face of all the earth. So they withmoaning and wailing drave the horses to the city,and the mules bare the dead. Neither was any otherware of them, whether man or fair-girdled woman;but in truth Cassandra, peer of golden Aphrodite,having gone up upon Pergamus, marked her dearfather as he stood in the car, and the herald, thecity's crier ; and she had sight of that other lyingon the bier in the waggon drawn of the mules.Thereat she uttered a shrill cry, and called through-out all the town : " Come ye, men and women ofTroy, and behold Hector, if ever while yet helived ye had joy of his coming back from battle ;since great joy was he to the city and to all thefolk."

So spake she, nor was any man left there withinthe city, neither any woman, for upon all had comegrief that might not be borne ; and hard by the gatesthey met Priam, as he bare home the dead. FirstHector's dear wife and queenly mother flung them-selves upon the light-running waggon, and claspinghis head the while, wailed and tore their hair ; andthe folk thronged about and wept. And now thewhole day long until set of sun had they made lamentfor Hector with shedding of tears there without thegates, had not the old man spoken amid the folk

615

HOMER

" ei£a.T€ /zot ovpzvoi 8ieA$e/iey avrdp eVetraacreage /cAai>0//,oto, zirrjv dydyojpc So/zoi'Se."

"0? e'0a0', 06 Se Stecmjcrav /cat et£av dTnjvr).ol 8' eVet eladyayov /cAfra. Scu/xara, rw /ze^ eVetrarpt^rols ev Aeê'eom Qeaav, rrapa. 8' ctcrav doiBovs 7206pTJva>v l^dpxovs, ol re crrovoecrCTav doi8r)V01 /zej/ a/a' iQpT]V€.ov, eVt Se crrevaôvro yyvat/cey.rfjaiv S' ' AvSpo[j,dxr] XzvKwXevos ypxe y 001,0,"EiKTOpos dvSpofiovoLo Kapii] fjiera -^.palv eôvaa'

" aivep, OLTT' ataJvos veos*1 coAeo, /caS Se /ze X7lP'rlv 725Xeirreis ev [izydpoiarf Trews' 8' ert v^mos avra)?,ov T€fcofj,€V av T* e'ycu re Suaa^yuopoi, oySe /ztv O6a>T^TIV i£ecr0ai • irpiv yap TroAis Tjoe /car'Trepaerai • y yap oAwAa? eVtcr/coTTOs', 6V reftvaKev, ex€S ^' aAoôus' /ceSm? /cat viJTna re/cva' 730at ST^ ro6 raâ vtpalv o^rjaovrai yKOI fj,ev eya> /x,era r^crt- en) §' ay, re'/co?, Tetfjeai, evda tcev epya det/ce'a epydôio,a,6\€V(i)v Trpo ava/cros1 a/zetAtôu, T ' ri?piifjei x€lP°$ Âwv aTTO vrvpyov, \vypov oXedpov, 735X<oofj,evos, d> 8ij TTOV dSeAêov e/cravev "E/craijt)77 Trarep', ?Je /cat ui'w, errec //.aAa TroAAoi 'AâtcDv"E/CTO/3OS1 ev TTaXd/nrjO'LV 6Sd£ e\ov dorrerov ovSas.ov ydp fj,eiAixos ecr/ce Trarrjp reo? eV Sat Xvypfj •TO) Kai fj,iv Aaot /zei> oSvpovrai Kara dorv, 749apprjTOV oe ro/ce£?crt yooi' /cat irevdos e^/ca?,

1 yô? : peW Zenodotus.1 We are to think of a group of professional mourners whc

616


from out the car : " Make me way for the mules topass through ; thereafter shall ye take your fill ofwailing, when I have brought him to the house."

So spake he, and they stood apart and made wayfor the waggon. But .the others, when they hadbrought him to the glorious house, laid him on acorded bedstead, and by his side set singers, leadersof the dirge, who led the song of lamentation—theychanted the dirge, and thereat the women madelament.1 And amid these white-armed Andromacheled the wailing, holding in her arms the while thehead of man-slaying Hector : " Husband, perishedfrom out of life art thou, yet in thy youth, andleavest me a widow in thy halls ; and thy son isstill but a babe, the son born of thee and me inour haplessness ; neither do I deem that he willcome to manhood, for ere that shall this city bewasted utterly. For thou hast perished that didstwatch thereover, thou that didst guard it, and keepsafe its noble wives and little children. These, Iween, shall soon be riding upon the hollow ships,and I among them ; and thou, my child, shalt followwith me to a place wliere thou shalt labour at un-seemly tasks, toiling before the face of some ungentlemaster, or else some Achaean shall seize thee bythe arm and hurl thee from the wall, a woeful death,being wroth for that Hector slew his brother haply, orhis father, or his son, seeing that full many Achaeansat the hands of Hector have bitten the vast earthwith their teeth ; for nowise gentle was thy fatherin woeful war. Therefore the folk wail for himthroughout the city, and grief unspeakable and

sing a formal dirge, while the woman accompany them withcries of grief.

617

HOMER

€fj,ol 8e fjidXicrra, XeXeiifierai aAyea Xvypd.

ov yap fJiOL dvjjcrKa)i> Ae;êa>v e/c êipas1 operas,

OVOe Tl //.Ot €L7T€S TTVKIVOV €7TO$ , OV T€ K€V aiei

fjie^Lvfu^riv VVKTCLS- re /cat îtara SaKpv êoucra." 745

"Q? eâro /cAatoucr', em Se crrevdôvro yuvat/ce?.

rfjcnv 8' au^' 'EiKafirj dSivov e£rjp%€ yooio"

" "E/crop, e/io) dvpa) Trdvrayv TroAw ^tArare Trai'Scov,

9^ jU,eV û,ot £a>o? Trep ecov 0tAo? ^crâ Oeoiaw

01 8' apa creu AO^Soim) /cat ei' davdroio Trep 0,1077. 750

aAAoy? ftei' yap TraiSa? e/xou? TroSa? WKVS 'A^tAAey?

-nepvaax', ov rtv' eAecr/ce, ireprjv dXos drpvyeroio,

e? Sa/iov e? r* "I/u.^Spor /cat A.ijp,vov d/

azv S' e?7et e^-eAero ^v^v ravarjKe'i

TroAAa pvardêaKev eou Trept cr^//,' ercxpoio, 755

narpo/cAou, rov e7T6(f>ves' dvecrrrjaev 8e p:tv ouS' co?.

vw Se p,oi epaTjet? /cai TrpocrâTO? eV /

K€iaai, TO) iVeAo? w r' dpyvporo£os ^

01? ayavotcrt jSe'Aeomv eTroiôêvo? Kar€Tre(j)V€V."

"O? €<f>aro KvWoucra, yooj/ 8' dAtacrTot' opive. 760

Tiycrt 8' €7T€i9' 'EAeViy rpirdrf] e^Typê yooto *

"E/crop, ep.a) Ov/jô) oaepwv iroXv ^t'Arare

TJ [lev IJLOI Trams earlv 'AAeâ^Spo? êoet

6's1 //.' ayaye Tpotî^S'' a>? Trpiv coêAAov oXevo \ *» / i j > » \ » / > \170^ yap yyi/ /xoi TOO eeiKoarov eros ecrnv

618


sorrow hast thou brought upon thy parents, Hector;and for me beyond all others shall grievous woes beleft. For at thy death thou didst neither stretchout thy hands to me from thy bed, nor speak to meany word of wisdom whereon I might have ponderednight and day with shedding of tears."

So spake she wailing, and thereat the womenmade lament. And among them Hecabe in turnled the vehement wailing : " Hector, far dearestto my heart of all my children, lo, when thoulivedst thou wast dear to the gods, and thereforehave they had care of thee for all thou art in thedoom of death. For of other sons of mine whom-soever he took would swift-footed Achilles sellbeyond the unresting sea, unto Samos and Imbrosand Lemnos, shrouded in smoke,1 but, when fromthee he had taken away thy life with the long-edgedbronze, oft would he drag thee about the barrow ofhis comrade, Patroclus, whom thou didst slay ; how-beit even so might he not raise him up. But nowall dewy-fresh thou liest in my halls as wert thounewly slain, like as one whom Apollo of the silverbow assaileth with his gentle shafts and slayeth."

So spake she wailing, and roused unabating lament.And thereafter Helen was the third to lead thewailing : " Hector, far dearest to my heart of allmy husband's brethren ! In sooth my husband isgodlike Alexander, that brought me to Troy-land—would I died ere then ! For this is now the

1 Lemnos was sacred to Hephaestus, and the " Lemnianfire" is often mentioned, although modern travellers havefound no evidences of volcanic activity on the island; seeJebb's Philoctetes of Sophocles, pp. 242 if.

619

HOMER

e£ ov K€L0€V eftrjv /ecu e/xTy? aTreXtjAvdadAA' ov TTOJ aev di<ovoa KO.KOV €TTOS oi5S'dAA' et ris p>€ /ecu dXXos evl [Jitydpoiaiv CVLTTTOISaepcDV T) yaX6a>v r) tlvarepajv €V7T€TrXa>v,r) eKvpjj — eKVpos Se Trar^/o w? ^Trios' aiei — , 770dAAa av TOV ZTreeacrt, Trapai^d/Jievos KarepvKes,afj r' dyavofypoavvj] KOL COLS dyavois eVeeacrt.TO) ere 6' d/na /cAata) Kat e/i* dîfJiopov d%vv/ji€vr) Krjp'ov y<ip ris jaoi er' aAAo? e^t Tpony evpeir)

o?5Se (friXos, Trdvres Se /AC TrefipiKaaw ." 775€(j)a,To AcAaioucr', CTTI §' ecrreve 8^/xo? aTTeipatv.

§' o yepcov Tlpiafios /u,era pvOov eenrevvw, Tpajey, ^yAa acrruSe, /A7^Se TI'Apyetajv TTVKWOV X6%ov rj yap 'A/A' c58' eTzereAAe /zeAati/acov ctTro VYJOJV, 7807T-rj[j,av€eiv, -nplv oajoeKarrj fJôX-r] r]a>S'"

"£1$ €<f)a6\ ol §' UTT' dfj,d£'ycrtv fioas rjfAiovovs ret,e6yvvaav, ate/fa S' erretra -rrpo acrreo? yyepzOovro.evvrjfiap p,€i> rot ye dytVeov aaTrerov vXrjvdXX' ore Si] SeKdrr) €<f>dvr) (âeai^poros ?](*>$ 786/cat TOT' a/)' e^€(f)€pov Opaavv "E/cropa SaKpv

8e 7rt»p^ vTrdrrj veKpov Qlaav, tv 8' e/?aAoj>S' rjpiyeveia <f>dvr) poSoSaKTvXos 'Hal?,

1 This astonishing statement is perhaps to be explainedby the legend that the Greeks shortly after Helen's abductionhad made an abortive expedition against Troy, but hadlanded by mistake in Mysia. Thence they returned toGreece, and it was only after ten years that their forces werereassembled. This legend is elsewhere entirely unknownto Homer, but it harmonizes with the form of the storywhich gives Achilles a grown son, Neoptolemus (see xix. 327,with the note). The whole suggests, however, an elaborate620


twentieth l year from the time when I went fromthence and am gone from my native land, but neveryet heard I evil or despiteful word from thee ; nay,if so be any other spake reproachfully of me in thehalls, a brother of thine or a sister, or brother's fair-robed wife, or thy mother—but thy father was evergentle as he had been mine own—yet wouldst thouturn them with speech and restrain them by thegentleness of thy spirit and thy gentle words.Wherefore I wail alike for thee and for my haplessself with grief at heart; for no longer have I anyonebeside in broad Troy that is gentle to me or kind;but all men shudder at me."

So spake she wailing, and thereat the countlessthrong made moan. But the old man Priam spakeamong the folk, saying: " Bring wood now, ye menof Troy, unto the city, neither have ye anywise fearat heart of a cunning ambush of the Argives ; forverily Achilles laid upon me this word when he sentme forth from the black ships, that he would do usno hurt until the twelfth dawn be come."

So spake he, and they yoked oxen and mules towaggons, and speedily thereafter gathered togetherbefore the city. For nine days' space they brought inmeasureless store of wood, but when the tenth Dawnarose, giving light unto mortals, then bare they forthbold Hector, shedding tears the while, and on thetopmost pyre they laid the dead man, and cast firethereon.

But soon as early Dawn appeared, the rosy-

parallelism which arouses suspicion : nine years of pre-paration, the fleet sails in the tenth ; nine years of siege,Troy falls in the tenth ; nine years of wandering, Odysseusreaches home in the tenth.

621

HOMER

rrjfj,os ap' a/i^t Trvprjv K\VTOV "E/cropo? eypero Xaos.avrap eWt p ' yyepdev 0 ,77 yep ee? T' eyevovro,1 790Trp&rov fjiev Kara, TrvpKa'i'rjv afieaav aWom o'iva>Tracrav, oTToaaov eTTecrpê rrvpos /u,evo?" avrap erreiraocrrea Aeu/ca Xeyovro KaaiyvrjTOL 6* erapot re

L, da\€pov Se /caret)8ero Sa/cpu TrapeLtav.TO. ye xpvaeiriv es XdpvaKa drJKav eAovre?, 795

ra §' a'jo' e? KoiX^v Ka,7Terov deaav, avrap vrrepOerrvKvolaiv Aaecrcrt /carecrropecrat' jiieyaAoicri •pi(j,(pa Se crfj/j,' eêav, rrepl 8e crKorrol rjaro rrdvrr),/AT) rrplv eôpf^rjdelev evKvtffjbiSes 'Aâtot. 800Xevavres Se ro arjpa -rrdXiv KLOV avrap erreiraev crvvaycLpofievoi Saivvvr* epiKvbea Satra

v ITpta/xoto, Storpeêo? fiacriXYjOS .ot y* d/j,(f)L€TTOv rd(pov "E/cropo? tT

1 Line 790 is omitted in many MSS.2 In place of 804 some ancient critics wrote,

<£>y ol' "y" ap.(f>ieirov rd(j)oi> "E/cropos, ^X^"Apijos dvydriip fJLfya\"fjTopos avdpcHpovo

629


fingered, then gathered the folk about the pyre ofglorious Hector. And when they were assembledand met together, first they quenched with flamingwine all the pyre, so far as the fire's might had comeupon it, and thereafter his brethren and his comradesgathered the white bones, mourning, and big tearsflowed ever down their cheeks. The bones they tookand placed in a golden urn, covering them over withsoft purple robes, and quickly laid the urn in a hollowgrave, and covered it over with great close-set stones.Then with speed heaped they the mound, and roundabout were watchers set on every side, lest the well-greaved Achaeans should set upon them before thetime. And when they had piled the barrow theywent back, and gathering together duly feasted aglorious feast in the palace of Priam, the kingfostered of Zeus.

On this wise held they funeral for horse-tamingHector.

lines intended to make the Iliad fit into the Epic Cycle,where it was immediately followed by the Aethiopis ofArctinus.

623

"A^ai/re?, ii. 536, 541 f.; iv. 464'Aj3ap£ape'rj, vi. 22*A|8as, V. 148*AjS«H, xiii. 6*Aj3A>jpo9, vi. 62"A(3u5o?, ii. 836; v. 500; xvii.

584'Ayaftui/, xxiv. 249*AyaKA.e'rjy, xvi. 571"Ayaju-e'/iwov, i. 24, and often; wrongs

the priest Chryses, i. 23 ff.; hisquarrel with Achilles, i. 121 ff.;Zeus sends him a deceitful dream,ii. 5 ff. ; counsels flight in orderto test the army, ii. 110 ff. ; mar-shalls the host for battle, ii.442 ff. ; unjustly taunts Odysseus,iv. 339 ff., and Diomedes, iv. 370 ff.;proffers gifts to Achilles to buyhis help, ix. 120 ff . ; counselsflight, ix. 26 ff., xiv. 75 ff. ; isrebuked by Diomedes, ix. 32ff.,and by Odysseus, xiv. 82 ff. ; Jiisapivreia, xi. 92 ff. ; is woundedby Coon, xi. 252; acknowledgeshimself in the wrong in his treat-ment of Achilles, xi. 115 ff. ; xix.78 ff. ; his kingly presence, ii.477 ff., iii. 166ff. ; his wife,Clyternnestra, i. 113; his sonOrestes, ix. 142 ; his three daugh-ters, ix. 145

'Aya.fn.rjSri, xi. 740'AyaTTj^wp, ii. 609'Ayao-SeVrjs, ii. 624'Aya<TTpo</>os, xi. 338, 373'AyauTj, xviii. 42'Aye'Aaos, a Greek, xi. 302"Aye'Aaos, a Trojan, viii. 207'Ayijixop, iv. 467; xi. 59; xii. 93;

xiii. 490, 598 ; xiv. 425; xv. 340 ;

VOL. II

xvi. 535; xx. 474; xxi. 545, 579,595, 600

'Ayxatos of Arcadia, ii. 609'Ayxaios of Pleuron, xxiii. 635'AyAaiTj, ii. 672"Aypios, xiv. 117'Ayxi'aAos, V. 609'Ayxienj9, ii. 819 f. ; v. 247, 268, 313,

468 ; xii. 98 ; xiii. 428, xvii. 491;xx.. 112, 208, 239 f.

'A-yx'o'i.aSj^ = Aiyet'as, xvii. 754; XX.160

'A-yx'<"<xSr)s = 'Ex;e;niAo9, xxiii. 296'A8d(xas, xii. 140; xiii. 560, 759, 771'Astros, ii. 713 f. ; xxiii. 289, 391,

532'ASprjo-reia, ii. 828'ASpr)<TTiVr), V. 412"ASpjjo-Tos, king of Sicyon, ii. 572;

xiv. 121; xxiii. 347'ASpijaros, son of Merops, ii. 830*A6pi)<rros, a Trojan, vi. 37, 45, 63'ASprjoros, another Trojan, xvi. 694'AfeiSrjs, ii. 513'Aftjrai, ii. 546, 549'AOrivair) ('ASijioj), i. 194, and often ;

restrains Achilles, as he is aboutto slay Agamemnon, i. 194 ff. ;incites Odysseus to check theGreeks, as they rush for theirships, ii. 167 ff. ; instigates Pan-darus to break the truce, i v. 85 ff.;guards Menelaus, iv. 128; armsherself, and with Hera descendsto the battle-field, v. 736, viii.387; mounts the car of Diomedes,v. 837; guards Odysseus, xi.437 f. ; beguiles Hector to hisdeath, xx. 214 ff.

'A0Yivaio<., ii. 551, 558; iv. 828; xiii.196, 689; xv. 337

2s 625

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES

"A0W5, xiv. 229AiaKi'6)]s=rb)Aei;'s, xvi. 15; xviii.

433; xxi. 189AiaKt'fir)s='AxiAAeu9, ii. 860, 874;

ix. 402; ix. 805; xvi. 134, 140,165, 854, 865; xvii. 76, 271, 388,426, 473, 436; xviii. 221 f . ; xxi.178 ; xxiii. 28

Aiaicds, xxi. 189Atas, son of O'ileus, ii. 527; x. 110,

175 ; xiii. 66, 695, 701; xiv. 442,520; xv. 334; xvi. 330; xvii. 256;xxiii. 473, 483, 488, 493, 754, 774,779, 789

Aias, son of Telamon, ii. 528 andoften ; in comeliness and prowesssecond only to Achilles, ii. 763,xvii. 279; worsts Hector in singlecombat, vii. 206 ff. (cf. xiii.809 ff., xiv. 409 ff.); one of the en-voys sent to Achilles, ix. 169 f f . ;covers retreat of the Greeks, xi.544 ff.; defends the ship of Pro-tesilaus, xv. 415 ff., xvi. 102 ff.;defends the corpse of Patroclus,xvii. 128 ff., 715 If.

AZavre? (Aiai/re), ii. 406; iv. 273,280, 285 ; v. 519 ; vi. 436; vii.164; viii. 79. 262 ; x. 228; xii.265, 335, 353 f.; xiii. 46 f., 126,197, 201, 313 ; xvi. 555 f. ; xvii.507 f., 531, 668f., 707, 732, 747,752 ; xviii. 157, 163

Aiyai, viii. 203 ; xiii. 21AtvatW, i. 403AtyeiSrjs, i. 265AlyiaAeta, V. 412AiyiaAd? in Peloponnesus, ii. 575AiyiaAos in Paphlagonia, ii. 855AlyiA.ti/f, ii. 633AZyira, ii. 562Aiyiov, ii. 574AiyuffTios, ix. 382•A&ijs CAiSos), i. 3; iii. 322 ; v. 395,

646, 657, 845; vi. 284, 422, 487;vii. 131, 830 ; viii. 16, 367 f. ; ix.158, 312, 569; xi. 55, 263, 445;xiii. 715 ; xiv. 456 ; xv. 188, 191,251; xvi. 625, 856; xx. 294, 336;xxi. 48; xxii. 52, 213, 362, 389,425, 482; xxiii. 19, 71, 74, 76,103, 137, 179, 244; xxiv. 246, 593

'A-'CSiavevs, v. 190 ; xx. 61Ale-q, xxiii. 295, 409, 525

626

AlSiKf;, ii. 744AtfliWes (Aletonfa), i. 423 ; xxiii.

203AWprj, iii. 144A'iOiav, viii. 185A(ju,oci/£i);=Mat'(oi') iv. 394Ai,uoi't'5})? = Aae'pKT)?, xvii. 467Alkali/, iv. 296Alma?, ii. 820, and often ; in worth

second only to Hector, v. 467,535; not duly honoured by Priam,xiii. 460 f. ; yet the sovereigntyis promised to his descendants,xx. 307 f. ; saved from death byAphrodite and Apollo, v. 312 ff.,344; saved again by Poseidon,xx. 325

Atj/io9, xxi. 210Alvoi, iv. 520AioAt'iSr/s, vi. 154Alireia, ix. 152, 294AtTTu, ii. 592AlirvTioi, ii. 604AIOTJTTOS, a Trojan, vi. 21Auri)7ro«, the river, ii. 825; iv. 91;

xii. 21Atcru))Tj)s, a Trojan, ii. 793Ato-urjnjs, father of Alcathous. xiii.

427Alo-u'ju.1), viii. 304Aitru/j.i/09, iv. 303AlraAtos, iv. 399 ; v. 706AiTtoAos, iv. 527 ; xxiii. 471AlrwAot, ii. 638, 643; v. 843; ix.

529, 531,' 549, 575, 597; xiii. 218;xv. 282; xxiii. 633

'A«a,u.as, son of Anterior, ii. 823;xi. 60; xii. 100; xiv. 476, 478,488; xvi. 342

'Aico'/xas, son of Bussorus, ii. 844;v. 462; vi. 8

'A/cecro-a/aei/os, xxi. 142'Axpio-iwi/r), xiv. 319'A/cT<u'»7, xviii. 41'AKTOpiSi]?, xvi. 189'A/cTopi'a>i/ = KTe'aTos, xiii. 185'AKTOptWe=KTeVros and EvpuTos,

xi. 750; xxiii. 638'AKTOpCiavf = 'AfjL(j>ifj.a\of and ®<£A-

irios, ii. 621"A/cTwp, father of Astyoche, ii, 513'AKTtap, father of Menoetius, xi.

785 ; xvi. 14'AAoAKOjuei'T/ii, iv. 8; v. 908


'AAoioTopiSrjs, xxiii. 463'AAao-Tiop, a Lycian, v. 677'AAacrrcop, a Pylian, iv. 295 ; xiii. 422'AAao-Twp, a Salaminian(?), viii. 333'AAeyrji/optfi));, xiv. 503'AAeKTpucoj/, xvii. 602'AAe'fcu'Spos, iii. 16, and often (cf.

Ilapi?, AuffTrapis); his challengeto tlie Creaks, iii. 15 ff. ; his duelwith Menelaus, iii.| 340ff. ; un-loved of the Trojans, iii. 454;refuses to give back Helen, vii.362 ; fights as a bowman, xi. 370,505, 581 (cf. iii. 15ff.); his judg-ment of the goddesses, xxiv. 29 f.;his abduction of Helen, iii. 46ff.,443 f. ; his slaying of Achillesforetold, xxii. 359

'AArjiop, vi. 201'AA.jjo-ioi', ii. 617; xi. 757'AA0CU7), ix. 555'AAtapros, ii. 503'AAi'^Wes, ii. 856; v. 39'AAios, v. 678'AAK<x0oo9, xii. 93; xiii. 428, 465,

496"A\KavSpo<;, v. 678"AAKIJOTI?, ii. 715'AAKi/ue'W, xvi. 197; xvii. 467, 475,

481, 500 f.*AAia/aos, xix. 392; xxiv. 474, 574'AAK/uawv, xii. 394'AAK/urjxr), xiv. 323 ; xix. 99, 119'A\Kvovri, ix. 562'AAoTrrj, ii. 682"AAos, ii. 6S2*AATT)S, xxi. 85 f.; xxii. 51'AAv'/3r), ii. 857'AAAeios, ii. 592; v. 545; xi. 712,

726, 728'AAwev's, v. 386'Ajuafdves, iii. 189; vi. 186'Aju.d0eia, xviii. 48'Ap;apvyKei&)s, ii. 622; iv. 517'Afi-apv-y/cev's, xxiii. 630'Afx.io-w5a.po5, xvi. 328'AiAcmaLiav, viii. 276'AnvSiav, ii. 849 ; xvi. 288'A^vicAai, ii. 584'AfivvTiap, ix. 448; x. 266"A/xcpi-yeVeia, ii. 593'A|u.(|)t8afxas of Cythera, x. 268 f.'AjucpiSafias of Opus, xxiii. 87'A»i<pi0d>), xviii. 42

"A/i</>i/c\o;, xvi. 313'Ajuî'/uaxo?, son of Cteatus, ii. 620;

xiii. 185, 189, 193, 203'AjLL^tju.ax<>9, sonofNomion, ii.870f.'Ajaîi'Oju,)), xviii. 44"A/xîos, son of Merops, ii. 830*A/u^>ios, son of Selagus, v. 612'A[j.<f>iTpviav. v. 392'Afi<j>Ciov, xiii. 692

'A.v$pa.i.(i,ovlS-ris, vii. 168'A-vSpaCfuov, ii. 638; xiii. 216 ; xv. 281'Ai/apo/uaxrj, vi. 371, 377, 395, 405;

viii. 187 ; xvii. 208; xxiv. 723'Ai/ejx<upeia, ii. 521"Ayfleta, ix. 151, 293'A«/0e/u.i'8n9, iv. 488'\v9efiiiav, iv. 473'Ai/0T)Sui>, ii. 508"Ai/reia, vi. 160'Ai/n)i'opiSr)s = 'EAiKa<oi/, iii. 122 f.

'Ai'7T)i'opiSr}s = K6o>i', xi. 249; xix. 53"Ai'TJji'opiSai, xi. 59'Ai/nji/wp, ii. 822 ; iii. 148, 203, 262,

312 ; v. 69; vi. 299 ; vii. 347, 357;xi. 262; xii. 99; xiv. 463, 473;xv. 517; xx. 396 ; xxi. 546, 579

'Anrt'A.oxos, iv. 457 ; v. 565, 570, 580,584, 589 ; vi. 32 ; xiii. 93, 396, 400,418, 479, 545, 550, 554, 565 ; xiv.513 ; xv. 568 f., 579, '582, 585 ;xvi. 318, 320; xvii. 387, 653, 685,694, 704; xviii. 2, 32; xxiii. 301,306, 354, 402, 419. 423, 425 f., 429,439, 514, 522, 5li, 556, 558, 567,570, 576, 581, 586, 602, 612, 756,785, 795

'AvTijoiaxos, xi. 123, 132, 138; xii.188

'Aj/T(.<£a<n)s, xii. 191'AvTiipovos, xxiv. 250*AvTi<pos, son of Thessalus, ii. 678*Aj/TKpos, son of Talaemenes, ii. 864*Aj/Ti<pos, son of Priam, iv. 489;

xi. 101, 104, 109'Avrpuiv, ii. 697'A^tds, ii. 849 f.; xvi. 288 ; xxi. 141,

157 f."AfvAos, vi. 12'Amu0-09, ii. 828'Am<fa.<av, son of Phausius, xi. 578,

582

627


*Airia-atav, son of Hippasus, xvii'ATroAAui', i. 14, and often; sends

a pestilence upon the Greeks, i.9 f., 44 ff. ; aids the Trojans, iv.508, xv. 244 ff., 360, xvi. 715 ff.xvii. 71 ff.; saves Aeneas, v. 344repels Patroclus, xvi. 703,smites Patroclus and rendershim defenceless, xvi. 788 ff. ,saves Hector, xx. 443f.; beguilesAchilles, xxi. 600 ff. ; protectsHector's corpse, xxiii. 188; xxiv.19

'ApcuSvpoj, ii. 571'ApyeaiSijj, xvi. 417'Apyeios, ii. 161, 177 ; iii. 458; iv. 8,

19, 174 ; v. 908 ; vi. 323 ; vii. 350,ix. 140, 282

'Apye'i'oi = subjects of Eurystheus,xix. 122, 124

'Apye'i'oi, the collective Greeks, i.79, and often

"Apyei'(p(W»K> ii- 103 ; xvi. 181; xxi.497 ; xxiv. 24, 109, 153, 182, 339,345, 378, 389, 410, 432, 445

"Apyirra-a, ii. 738*Apyos, the region in Thessaly, ii.

681'Apyos, the region in Peloponnesus,

i. 30; ii. 115; iv. 171 ; vi. 152,224 ; ix. 22; xiii. 379 ; xiv. 119 ;xv. 30 ; xix. 115

*Apyos=tne homeland of the col-lective Greeks, ii. 287, 348; iii.75, 258; vi. 456 ; vii. 363 ; ix.141, 246, 283 ; xii. 70; xiii. 227;xiv. 74; xv. 372; xix. 329; xxiv.437

"Apyo?=the entire Peloponnesus (?),ii. 108

'Apyos = the city, ii. 559; iv. 52'Aperaeoi/, vi. 31

s of Arne, vii. 8, 10, 137 f.of Thrace, xx. 487

o?, a Greek, xiv. 451rjiAv/cos, a Trojan, xvi. 308rivrj, ii. 591; xi. 723

"Api]5, ii. 110, and often"Apijros, xvii. 494, 517, 535'ApiaSi'ij, xviii. 592"Api/ioi ("Apifia (?)), ii. 783'Apia-pa's, xvi. 345'ApiV/3r,, ii. 836, 838; vi. 13; xii.

96; xxi. 43

628

'AptW, xxiii. 346'ApxaSes, ii. 611 ; vii. 134'ApxaStrj, ii. 603'Apxeo-i'Aaos, ii. 495; xv. 329"ApMa, ii. 499'Apuovi&ris, v. 60'Apvrj, ii. 507; vii. 9'ApTraAiW, xiii. 644'AponVoos, xi. 626"Aprejuis, v. 51, 53 ; vi. 205, 428; ix.

533 ; xvi. 183 ; xix. 59; xx. 39,71; xxi. 471; xxiv. 606

'Apxe'Aoxos, ii. 823; xii. 100 ; xiv. 464'ApxeTrrdAeju.o?, viii. 128, 312'Ao-cuos, xi. 301'Acrta5>js = 'Afid|iia?, xii. 140; xiii.

561, 759, 771'Acria5rjs = *aiVo^, xvii. 583'AeriVij, ii. 560*A<T<.o9, son of Hyrtacus, ii. 837 f . ;

xii. 95f., 110, 136, 139, 163; xiii.384, 403, 414, 759, 771

'Ao-tos, son of Dymas, xvi. 717"Ao-ios (adj.), ii. 461'Aor/caAa^o?, ii. 512; ix. 82; xiii.

478, 518, 526 f. ; xv. 112'Aa-KavCt], ii. 863; xiii. 793'Ao-Kacio;, ii- 862 ; xiii. 792'Ao-KATjTridSrjs, iv. 204; xi. 614; xiv. 2'Ao-KArjTi-ios, ii. 731; iv. 194; xi. 518'A<T7rA?jSa)i', ii. 511|A<ro-<ipa/co5, xx. 232, 239'Aarepiov, ii. 735'Ao-repon-cuo?, xii. 102; xvii. 217,

351 f.; xxi. 140, 163, 170 ; xxiii.560, 808

'Ao-iti'aAos, vi. 29'Ao-Tutu/al, vi. 403 ; xxii. 500, 506'AcrTuVoo9, son of Protiaon, xv. 455'Ao-TuVoos, another Trojan, v. 144'Aa-rvoxeia, ii. 658'Ao-Tuox'), "• 513'A<rn!jrvAo9, xxi. 209'Ao-«;r<k, iv. 38? ; x. 287"ATT,, ix. 504 f., 512; xix. 91,|126,129,

136ArpetSri's = 'Ayaiii.ffJi.v<ai', i. 7, and

oftenATpei6T)s = Me»e'Aaos, iii. 347, and

oftenA.TpelSai ('ArpeuSa), i. 16, 75; ii.

249, 762 ; v. 552 ; vi. 437 ; vii.351, 373, 470; viii. 261; ix. 341 ;xvii. 249; xix. 310; xxii. 117


'Arpftiav, i. 387; ii. 192, 445; xxiii.233 ; xxiv. 395

'Arpeu's, ii. 23, 60, 105 f.; iii. 37;iv. 98, 195; vi. 46; xi. 131; xvii.1, 79, 89, 553

'ArpvTiavr), ii. 157; V. 115, 714; X.284 ; xxi. 420

'ATUjunaSr);, V. 581'ATVjimos, xvi. 317Airyeiou in Locris ii. 532Avyetai in Laconia, ii. 583Auyei'as, xi. 701, 739AuyrjiaSrjs, ii. 624AiAi's, ii. 303, 496AiroAvKOs, X. 267AiroiueSuw, ix. 209; xvi. 145, 148,

219, 472, 684, 8(54; xvii. 429, 452,459, 468 f., 474, 483, 498, 525, 536;xix. 392, 397 ; xxiii. 563; xxiv.474, 574, 625

AVTOI/OOS, a Greek, xi. 301Aurdi/oos, a Trojan, xvi. 694Auroôi'os, iv. 395'Aâpev?, ix. 83; xiii. 478, 541'A</>po6iV»), ii. 820; iii. 54, 64, 374,

380, 389, 413, 424; iv. 10; v. 131,248, 312, 370, 375, 427, 820 ; ix.389; xiv. 188, 193, 211, 224; xix.282 ; xx. 40, 105, 209; xxi. 416,430 ; xxii. 470; xxiii. 185 ; xxiv.699

'Axaiia?, V. 422, 424'Axauxos, ix. 141, 283, 521; xiii.

349 ; xv. 218 ; xix. 115'Axaus, i. 254; ii. 235; iii. 75, 258 ;

vii. 96, 124; xi. 770'Axaids, iii. 167, 226'Amatol, i. 2, and often'AxeAwi'os, xxi. 194 ; xxiv. 616'Ax'AAev's, i. 1, and often ; his

parentage, xxi. 189, xxiv. 59;instructed by Phoenix, ix. 442,and Cheiron, xi. 832 ; leader ofMyrmidons, Hellenes, and Ach-aeans with fifty ships, ii. 684f.,xvi. 168; his quarrel withAgamemnon, i. 130 tf. ; his oath,i. 234; gives up Brisei's, i. 334 tf. ;rejects Agamemnon's gifts, ix.315 ff. ; sends forth Patroclus,xvi. 126 ff.; learns of Patroclus'death, xviii. 18 ff . ; his over-\vhelminggrief,xviii. 22 ff.; showshimself at the trench, xviii. 203 ;

receives armour from Hephaestus,xix. 12 If.; renounces his wrath,xix. 67 ff. ; his combat withAeneas, xx. 158ff. ; with Lycaon,xxi. 34 ff. ; with Asteropaeus,xxi. 139 ff. ; his combat with theRiver, xxi. 234 ff. ; is beguiled byApollo, xxi. 599; drives Hectorthrice about Troy, xxii. 131 ff. ;slays him, xxii..326 ff. ; maltreatshis corpse, xxii. 395 ff. ; beholdsthe ghost of Patroclus, xxiii. 65 ;holds funeral for Patroclus, xxiii.128 ff. ; institutes games, xxiii.257 ff. ; receives Priam kindly,xxiv. 507 ; gives back Hector'sbody, xxiv. 582

'AêuSrjs, xviii. 46

Ba0WKAe'r)5> xvi. 594BaAi'os, xvi. 149 ; xix. 400Baricta, ii. 813BeAAepoc^Tr/?, vi. 155, 162, 164, 190,

196, 216, 220BTJO-O-O., ii. 532Bias, iv. 296 ; xiii. 691: xx. 460Bojwup, xi. 92Boaypios, ii. 533Boi)3i7, ii. 712BoijSijts, ii. 711BOIWTIOS, xiv. 476 ; xvii. 597BOUOTXH, ii. 494, 510, 526; v. T10;

xiii. 685, 700 ; xv. 330Bovfieioi/, xvi. 572BovKoAi'Sr;s, xv. 338BovKoAiwc, vi. 22 f.Bouirpacnof, ii. 615; xi. 756, 760;

xxiii. 631Bpiapews, i- 403Bpi<T6t5s, i. 392 ; ix. 132, 274Bpi<n?ts, i. 184, 323, 336, 346; ii.

689 ; ix. 106; xix. 246, 261, 282;xxiv. 676

Bpvo-ctcu, ii. 583Bwpos, father of Phaestus, v. 44Bdpos, son of Perieres, xvi. 177

TaAareta, XViii. 45ran/p.ijSijs, V. 266 ; XX. 232T6.pya.pov, viii. 48; xiv. 292, 352;

xv. 152replies, ii- 336, 433, 601 ; iv. 317 ;

vii. 170, 181; viii. 80, 112, 151;ix. 162, 179; x. 102, 128, 138, 143,

629


157 168, 203, 543 ; xi. 516, 655,840 ; xiv. 52 ; xv. 370, 659

Trj, iii. 104 ; xix. 259rAau'/o), xviii. 39TAauKos, son of Hippolochus, ii.

876; vi. 119, 234; vii. 13; xii.102, 309 f., 329, 387, 392 ; xiv. 426 ;xvi. 492, 508, 530, 593, 597; xvii.140, 170, 216

TAaipvpai, ii. 712TAio-as-, ii. 504rWoetro-a, ii. 573Topyeirj, V. 741TopyvtfiW, viii. 302Fopyui, viii. 349; xi. 36rdpruc, ii. 646Tovi/evs, ii. 748Tpa'ia, ii. 498rpvjciKos, xii. 21Tuyai'r;, ii. 865 ; XX. 391TvpTidST);, xiv. 512Tup-ruin), ii. 738

Aai'SaAo?, xviii. 592AaiVtop, viii. 275;Ad,<i<xcros, xii. 183Aa/AaaropiSr/?, xvi. 416Aai/cbj, xiv. 319Adi/aoi, i. 42, and oftenAap5ai/i'5r)?=*IAos, xi. 166, 372AapSai>i5T)s = lIpiajito?, iii. 303; V.

159 ; vii. 366 ; xiii. 376 ; xxi. 34 ;xxii. 352 ; xxiv. 171, 354, 629, 631

AapSaWr), XX. 216Aap&wos, ii. 819 ; v. 789 ; xxii. 194,

413AapSan's, xviii. 122, 339AapcWiWes, vii. 414 ; viii. 154Adp6a(/o5, son of Zeus, xx. 215, 219,

304Adp8ai>os, son of Bias, xx. 460AdpScu-os(adj.), ii. 701; xvi. 807; (in

pi.) iii. 456; vii. 348, 368 ; viii. 173,497; xi. 286; xiii. 150; xv. 425,486 ; xvii. 184

Adpr;s, v. 9, 27AauAi's, ii. 520Ae^o?, iv. 440 ; xi. 37; xv. 119Aeio-rj^wp, xvii. 217Aefa/uieVr), xviii. 44AefidSTjs, vii. 15AeuicaAiSr/9, xii. 117 ; xiii. 307 ; xvii.

608Aei/KaAiwi/, son of Minos, xiii. 451 f.

630

AevxaAiW, a Troian, xx. 478ATJIOKOCUV, V. 534AT/i'orrMTjs, xi. 420Arjioxos, xv. 341A»/i7ri;A.os, V. 325Ar/iVvpos, ix. 83 ; xiii. 92, 478, 576Arjfyo/Sos, xii. 94 ; xiii. 156, 162, 258,

402, 413, 446, 455, 490, 517, 527,758, 770, 781; xxii. 227, 233, 294,298; xxiv. 251

AIJJUIJTJJP, ii. 696 ; v. 500; xiii. 322 ;xiv. 326; xxi. 76

A^OKOOJI-, iv. 499Aq/ioAe'coi', XX. 395A-ijjuouxos, xx. 457AioKAeV, v. 542, 547 f.Atojuijfi>7, ix. 665Atp/tujSi}?, ii. 563, and often; un-

justly taunted with cowardiceby Agamemnon, iv. 370 ft'. ; herebukes the king, ix. 32 ff. ;strengthened and furthered byAthene, v. Iff . , 122ff., 827 If.,856;c/. x. 284 ff. and 295 ; woundedby Pandarus, v. 95 ff. ; slaysPandarus, v. 286 ff. ; worstsAeneas, v. 302 ff.; wounds Aphro-dite, v. 330 ff. ; wounds Ares, v.855 ff. ; with Odysseus goes tothe Trojan camp by night, x.254 ff. ; slays Dolon, x. 455 f f , ; iswounded by Paris, xi. 369 ff. ;the youngest of the Greek leaders(xiv. 112), he is slow to speakin the council, yet always speakswith weight, vii. 399 ff., ix. 30 If. ;695 ff. ; xiv. 109 ff.

AZo^, ii. 538Atos, xxiv. 251Atwi/Tj, v. 370, 381Atwj/vo-os, vi. 132, 135 ; xiv. 325A(.aSpr;s, son of Amarynceus, ii. 622 ;

iv. 517Atolprjs, father of Automedon, xv i i .

429, 474AoAoTres, ix. 484AoAoiriwi/, v. 77AdAoi/', a Greek, xi. 302AdAoi^, a Trojan, xv. 525, 555Ao'Aw^, x. 314, 390, 412, 426, 447

478, 570AopuKAo?, xi. 489AovAt'xtoi/, ii. 625, 629Apaxios, xiii. 692


Aprjo-os, vi. 20Apuas, a Lapith, i. 263Apu'as, father of Lycurgus, vi. 130Apvoi//, xx. 455Atifias, xvi. 718Awa/aeVrj, xviii. 43Ava-Trapts, iii. 39 ; xiii. 769Aw6u>i>aios, xvi. 233AwSww), ii. 750 ; xvi. 234Awpiov, ii. 594Awpi's, xviii. 45AwTui, xviii. 43

EiAeWuia, xvi. 187; xix. 103; (inpi.) xi. 270 ; xix. 119

EiAeVioK, ii. 499EipeVpia, ii. 537'EicajST), vi. 293, 451; xvi. 718; xxii.

234, 430 ; xxiv. 193, 283, 747'EKamrjSr), iv. 624 ; xiv. 6'E/cropeos, ii. 416; x. 46; xxiv. 276,

579'Eid-opiSr/s, vi. 401'ExTup, i. 242, and often ; the main-

stay of Troy, vi. 403, xxiv. 729 f.;aided in battle by Ares, v. 594 f.,604 ; by Apollo, 353, xxii. 213;his parting from Andromache,vi. 370 ff.;: his challenge to theGreek host, vii. 55 ff.; is worsted

' by Aias, vii. 268 ff. ; is againoverthrown by Aias, xiv. 409 ff. ;revived by Apollo, xv. 243ff. ;breaks through the gate of theGreek wall, xii. 453 ff.; slaysPatroclus, xvi. 818 ff. ; clotheshimself in Achilles' armour, xvii.189 ff.; his flight before Achilles,xxii. 136ff.; is beguiled by Athene,xxii. 226 ff'. ; slain by Achilles,xxii. 326 ff.; his corpse maltreatedby Achilles, xxii. 395ff.; is keptfrom harm by Apollo, xxiii. 188 ff.,xxiv. 18f.; and given back toPriam by Achilles, xxiv. 599 ; hisfuneral rites, xxiv. 777 ff.

"EAacros, xvi. 696"EAaro?, vi. 33•EA.ei/1), ii. 161, 177, 356, 590; iii. 70,

91, 121, 154, 161, 171, 199, 228282, 285, 329, 383, 418, 426, 458iv. 19, 174 ; vi. 292, 323, 343, 360vii. 350, 355, 401; viii. 82; ix140, 282, 339; xi. 125, 369, 505

xiii. 766; xix. 325; xxii. 114;xxiv. 761

"EAei/09, a Greek, v. 707*EAe«>s, son of Priam, vi. 76; vii.

44; xii. 94; xiii. 576, 582, 758,770, 781; xxiv. 249

'EAe^rji^wp, ii. 540 ; iv. 463'EAewi>, ii. 500 ; X. 266'EAiKT), ii. 575 ; iii. 123 ; viii. 203'EA.IKWWO!, xx. 404'EAAa«, ii. 683; ix. 395, 447 f.; xvi.

595"EAAqi/es, ii. 684'EAArjernwros, ii. 845 ; vii. 86; ix.

360 ; xii. 30 ; xv. 233 ; xvii. 432 ;xviii. 150 ; xxiii. 2 ; xxiv. 346,545

"EAo«, in Laconia, ii. 584"EAos, in Nestor's realm, ii. 594"Event, ii. 852'Ei/irji-es, ii. 749"Ei/io-m}, ii. 606"EI/I/O/U.OS, a Mysian, ii. 858 ; xvii. 218"EWOIJ.OS, a Trojan, xi. 422"Evoirr), ix. 150, 292'Ei/uaAio;, ii. 651 ; vii. 166 ; viii. 264;

xiii. 519 ; xvii. 259 ; xviii. 309 ;xx. 69 ; xxii. 132

'Ei/uevs, ix. 668"Ewia, v. 333, 592'EfaSios, i. 264'ETTccAn)?, xvi. 415'Eireryeiis, xvi. 571'ETreuu, ii. 619 ; iv. 537 ; xi. 688,

694, 732, 737, 744 ; xiii. 686, 691;xv. 519; xxiii. 630, 632

jEireios, xxiii. 665, 689, 694, 838 f.'EiuSavpos, ii. 561'EirtKAajs, xii. 379'ETTt'o-Tpo^o?, son of Iphitus, ii. 517'Ejn'o-Tpocjkos, leader of the Hali-

zones, ii. 856'Eju'crrpo^os, son of Evenus, ii. 692'Em'o-Twp, xvi. 695'ETTTcuropo?, xii. 20*Ep€/3o«, viii. 368; ix. 572 ; xvi. 327'EpeufJaAiW, iv. 319 ; vii. 136, 149'Epexfleifc, ii. 547'Epiyvs, ix. 454, 571 ; xv. 204 ; xix.

87, 259; xxi. 412*Epij, iv. 440; v. 518; xi. 3, 73;

xviii. 535 ; xx. 48s, xx. 219, 230

Tris, xiii. 697; xv. 336

631


'Ep/xei'as ('Ep/otea?, 'Epfi-fj^), ii. 104 ;v. 390; xiv. 491; xv. 214; xvi.1S5; xx. 35, 72; xxiv. 333f.,353, 457, 461, 469, 679, 690, 694

'Epiu-idoj, ii. 560'Ep/uos, xx. 392'EpvOivoi, ii. 855'EpvOpaC, ii. 499'EpvAaos, xvi. 411'Epu/u.as, xvi. 345, 415'ETeoxArjetV?, iv, 386'Eretavos, ii. 497Ev<uM°<"'5>7?> v. 76 ; xi. 810-Eva.Cfj.iav, ii. 736; v. 79; vii. 167;

viii. 265 ; xi. 575EiijSoia, ii. 535 f.EuSwpos, xvi. 179EuijwVi), ix. 557Evrpd?, ii. 693EUUTTTO?, xvi. 417EV^STJJ, x. 314, 412, 426Ev/tijAos, ii. 714, 764; xxiii. 288,

354, 380, 481, 559, 565Eui/rjo?, vii. 468 ; xxiii. 747EipvaAos, ii. 565; vi. 20; xxiii. 677Eupv/3aTi)?, herald of Agamemnon,

i. 320EirpyjSaTJjs, herald of Odysseus, ii.

184; ix. 170EvpvSdnas, v. 149Evpu/u.e'Swy, charioteer of Aga-

memnon, iv. 228Evpu/u.e'Sw>>, squire of Nestor, viii.

114 ; xi. 620Evpvn-uAoj, of Cos, ii. 677EvpvjTuAot, son of Buaemon, ii. 736;

v. 76, 79 ; vi. 36; vii. 167; viii.265; xi. 576, 580, 583, 592, 662,809, 819, 822, 838; xii. 2; xv.392, 399; xvi. 27

Evpvo-devs, viii. 363; xv. 639; xix.123, 133

Evpuros, son of Actor, ii. 621Evpuros, son of Melaneus, ii. 596,

730'EiWcopos, Vi. 8EvrpTjo-i?, ii. 502Ev^fjjuos, ii. 846Ev^jjnjs, xv. 532Evc/(op/8oc, xvi. 808, 850 ; xvii. 59, 81Ev^jji'iop, xiii. 663'EtfuaAnjs, V. 385'Eûpr^Koptj/tfos, vi. 150, 210'Ec^vpTj, in Elis, ii. 659 ; xv. 531

632

'E<pvpoL, xiii. 301'ExexAeV, xvi. 189*Exe/cA<>9, son of Agenor, xx. 474"Eê/cAos, another Trojan, xvi. 694'~ExeH/j.iav, V. 160'Exe'TrwAos, a Trojan, iv. 758'E^fTrioAos of Sicyon, xxiii. 296'EXiv<u, ii. 625'Eî'oy, father of Mecisteus, viii.

333 ; xiii. 422"E^t'oj, another Greek, xv. 339'EXI'OS, a Lydian, xvi. 416

Za/cvôs, ii. 634Ze'Aeia, ii. 824; iv. 103, 121Zeu'f i. 5, and often ; Thetis' prayer

to him, i. 503 ff.; he nods assent,i. 528; sends to Agamemnon adeceitful dream, ii. 5 ff. ; sendsAthene to cause the Trojans tobreak the truce, iv. 70 ff'.; forbidsthe gods to aid either side, viii.5 ff. ; hurls his thunderbolt, andchecks Diomedes, viii. 134ff.;forces Hera and Athene to desistfrom aiding the Greeks, viii.399 ff. ; shields Hector,.xi. 186 ff.;is beguiled, and lulled to sleepby Hera, xiv. 153 ff. ; awakens,xv. 4ff., and through Iris bidsPoseidon desist, xv. 174 ff. ; bidsApollo revive Hector, xv. 220;pities the horses of Achilles,xvii. 442; bids the gods aidwhich side they will, xx. 22 ff. ;would fain save Hector, xxii.168; weighs the fates of Hectorand Achilles, xxii. 209ff.; throughThetis bids Achilles give backHector's body, xxiv. 104 ff.; sendsIris to Priam to bid him go andproffer ransom for Hector, xxiv.144 ff.

'H/3rj, iv. 2; v. 722, 905'He'Aios, iii. 104, 277 ; viii. 480 ; xiv.

344; xix. 197, 259'Hepi'jSota, V. 389'He-ri'wp, father of Andromache, i.

366; vi. 395 f., 416; viii. 187 ; ix.188; xvi. 153; xxii. 472, 480;xxiii. 827

'HeTiwi', father of Podes, xvii. 576,590


"HeTi'wi/, an Imbrian, xxi. 43"Hioi/e?, ii. 561'Hi'oi-ev's, a Greek, vii. 11'Hi'ocev's, father of Rhesus, x. 435'HAeioi, xi. 671'HAis, ii. 615, 626; xi. 673, 686, 698'HAwi/i;, ii. 739'HjuiaWrj, xiv. 226'Hi/toTrev?, viii. 120'Hi/OTTi'Srjs, xiv. 444*Hi>oi/<, a Greek, xxiii. 634THi/oi//, a Trojan, xiv. 445*Hi/oi//, another Trojan, xvi. 401'Hmm'&js, xvii. 324'HpaKAe'qs, xiv. 266, 324; XV. 25;

xviii. 117; xx. 145'HpaKAetSryssTAijTrdAeôs, ii. 653 ;

v. 628•HpaKAeiSy7s = ®e'<ro-aAo5, ii. 679•HpaxArjeo), ii. 658, 6ii6 ; V. 638 ;

xi. 690 ; xv. 640 ; xix. 98*Hpr), i. 55, and often ; her hatred

of Troy, iv. 28 ff. ; v. 832 ; xv.214; xx. 313 ff. ; xxi. 6; xxiv.25 ff. ; shows favour to theGreeks, i. 55 f., 195; ii. 155 ff. ;viii. 201 ff., 218, 462 ff. ; xi. 45;xviii. 168 ; xx. 112 ff. ; xxi. 328 ff. ;with Athene enters the battle, v.711 ff. ; attempts to do so a secondtime but is forced to desist, viii.350 ff. ; beguiles Zeus, xiv. 153 ff.

"Hâioros, i. 571, and often ; fashionsarmour for Achilles, xviii. 462 ff. ;saves Achilles from being over-whelmed by the River, xxi. 331 ff.

'Hws, xi. 1

©aAeia, xviii. 39€)aA7rto5, ii. 620®aAvo-(.o5r7s, iv. 458©a/avpis, ii. 595©aj/aros, xiv. 231 ; xvi. 454, 672, 682©aujuta/a'rj, ii. 716©eavci, v. 70 ; vi. 298, 302 ; xi. 224®c/ius. xv. 87, 93 ; xx. 4©epo-i'Aoxo?. xvii. 216 ; xxi. 209©epo-i-njs, ii. 212, 244, 246©eVn-eia, ii. 498©eacraAds, ii. 679

aa>»', xii. 394©e'oriop, xvi. 401®«MJ, i. 413, and often ; comes to

Achilles in his grief, i. 357 ff.,and promises to approach Zeus,i. 420 ff. ; makes her prayer toZeus, i. 502 ff. (cf. viii. 371 ff. ;xv. 75 ff., 598 ff); comes toAchilles, as he mourns forPatroclus, xviii. 85ff.; promisesto get new armour for him, xviii.137; comes to the house ofHephaestus, xviii. 368 ff. ; bringsthe armour to Achilles, xix. 3 ft'.;summoned to Olympus by Iris,xxiv. 88; bids Achilles acceptransom for Hector's body, xxiv.137

©ijjSat in Egypt, ix. 381©rjât (®jjj3rj) in Boeotia, iv. 378,

406 ; v. 804 ; vi. 223 ; x. 286; xiv.114, 323; xix. 99; xxiii. 679

©rjjSni (®ij/3>)) in Mysia, i. 366; ii.(591 ; vi. 397, 416; xxii. 479

©rjo-eu's, i. 265©iV/Sij, ii. 502©das, son of Andraemon, ii. 638

iv. 527, 529; vii. 168; xiii. 92,216, 222, 228; xv. 281; xix. 239

©da?, father of Hypsipyle, xiv. 230;xxiii. 745

©das, a Trojan, xvi. 311©or;, xviii. 40®6i»v, son of Phaenops, v. 152®6iav, another Trojan, xii. 140;

xiii. 545©dun/, a third Trojan, xi. 422©ouiTT)?, xii. 342 f.©pao-i'os, xxi. 210©pacru,ui)5i)9, ix. 81; x. 255; xiv.

10 ; xvi. 321; xvii. 378, 705OpatrujU.))Aos, xvi. 463©prjia), ix. 5, 72; xi. 222; xiii. 301 ;

xx. 485©prjiicicxr, x. 559; xiii. 13, 577; xxiii.

230, SOS©prjf, ii. 595; (in pi.), ii. 844; iv.

519, 533, 537; v. 462; vi. 7; x.434, 464, 470, 487, 506, 518; xiii.4 ; xiv. 227 ; xxiv. 234

©pdnov, ii. 533©pvoea-cra, xi. 711&pvov, ii. 592Oue'orv)?, ii. 106 f.0U|ti/3patos, xi. 320©vV/Spjj, x. 430@u/xoiVr)s, ili. 148

633


"laipa, xviii. 42'laA^xei'os, ii. 512; ix. 82'lajtceras, xii. 139, 193'Idracrira, xviii. 47'Idceipa, Xviii. 47'laoês, xiii. 685'lan-eros, viii. 479'IccpSaras, vii. 135*Iacro9, xv. 222, 337'IawAico9, ii. 712•Kaioy (adj.), viii. 170, 410 ; xi. 196 ;

xii. 19, 253; xv. 79, 169, 237;xvi. 605, 677 ; xx. 189 ; xxiv. 291

'ISouo9, the herald, iii. 248 ; vii. 276,278, 284, 372, 331, 405 f., 413, 416 ;xxiv. 325, 470

'ISa.109, another Trojan, v. 11, 20'ISr,, ii. 821, 824; iii. 276, 320 ; iv.

475; viii. 47, 75, 207, 397, 438;xi. 105, 112, 183, 337 ; xii. 202 ;xiii. 13 ; xiv. 157, 162, 283, 287,293, 307, 332; xv. 5, 146, 151,255 ; xvii. 594 ; xx. 59, 91, 218 ;xxi. 449, 559; xxii. 171; xxiii.117; xxiv. 308

'Ko^.ei/eus, i. 145, and often ; leaderof the Cretans, ii. 645 flf. ; olderthan the others, xiii. 361, 510 ff.,yet grouped with the best of theGreeks, ii. 405 ; vi. 436 ; vii. 165 ;viii. 78, 263 ; x. 53, 112 ; xv. 301;xix. 311 ; praised by Agamemnon,iv. 257 ff. ; his a/no-m'a, xiii. 361 flf.

'ri/Auo'os, ii. 656'lyo-ovi&ris, vii. 468, 471 ; xxiii. 747'Irjo-tov, vii. 469 ; xxi. 41'I0ou/u.eV>)s, xvi. 686'I0aK>7, ii. 632 ; iii. 201'WaKr?erio9, ii. 184'Ifti/nTj, »• 729'I/capio;, ii. 145"I/ceraon'ST)?, XV. 546'IxeTOLtav, iii. 147 ; xv. 576 ; xx. 238'I\jji'o9, xxi. 558'IAioi/eu'9, xiv. 489, 492, 501'lAioj/, xv. 71"I\io9, i. 71, and often'Uos, x. 415; xi. 166, 372; xx. 232,

236 ; xxiv. 349'Ijuj3p<x<n'Sr;9, iv. 520*Iju.(3pto9 (adj.), xxi. 43*I^j3pio9, a Trojan, xiii. 171, 197*I«3po9, xiii. 33 ; xiv. 281 ; xxiv. 78.

753

634

'Ifioi'to?, xiv. 317'l7r7T<x<r<.'8r)9 = 'A7ricrawc, xvii. 348'l7nrao-i'8r]9 = 'Yi//jji/&>p) xiii. 411'l7rn-aa-i'Sr)9 = Xapoi/(, xi. 426 ; (in pi.)

= Xapoi/f and 2<Sjcos, xi. 431"Imracros, xi. 450'iTTTDj/AoA/yoi', xiii. 5'iTTTToSajuay, XX. 401'iTnroSajueia, wife of Peirithous, ii.

742'litiroSa.jj.eia., daughter of Anchises,

xiii. 429'iTTTfoSafios, xi. 335"iTTjrotfoos, son of Lethus, ii. 840,

842 ; xvii. 217, 289, 313, 318'I7r;ro0oo9, son of Priam, xxiv. 251'IimoKotav, X. 518'iTnroAoxos, son of Bellerophon, vi.

119, 144, 197, 206; vii. 13; xii.309, 387 ; xvii. 140

'In-n-oAoxo?, a Trojan, xi. 122,145'iTnro/xaxoj, xii. 189'ITTJTOI/OOS, xi. 303'ImroTiuv, of Ascania, xiii. 792'ImnrnW, a Trojan, xiv. 514'Ipi), ix. 150, 292*Ipls, ii. 786, 790, 795 ; iii. 121, 129;

v. 353, 365, 368; viii. 398 f., 409,425; xi. 185 f., 195, 199, 210; xv.55, 144, 158, 168, 172, 200, 206;xviii. 166, 182 f., 196, 202; xxiii.193, 201; xxiv. 77, 87, 95, 117,143 f., 159, 188

"lo-ai/Spoy, vi. 197, 203'Icroj, xi. 101'la-Ti'ata, ii. 537'iTuôi'ev?, xi. 672*lr<av, ii. 696'I</>ei/9, xvi. 417'lipidvaaa-a, ix. 145, 287'IîSajua9, xi. 221, 234, 257, 261*I^)t(cAos-, ii. 705; xiii. 698; xxiii.

636'I<J)ii'oo9, vii. 14*I0i.9, ix. 667'I<£m'S.r79, viii. 128'I<pmW, xx. 382"I<J>iT09, ii. 518; xvii. 306

Ka/3i)o-09, xiii. 363Kafyi«oi, iv. 388, 391 ; v. 807; x

288ey, iv. 385 ; v. 804 ; xxiii.


Kaeipa, iv. 142Kau>ei%, ii. 746Kaii-eu's, i. 264KaATjcrtot, vi. 18KaAjjTOpi'S^s, xiii. 541KaA»7Twp, XV. 419KaAAiacacr<Ta, xviii. 46KaAAidmpa, xviii. 44KaAAi'apos, ii. 531KaAAijcoAaii/i), xx. 53, 151KaAvSi/ai, ii. 677KaAvSwi/, ii. 640; ix. 530 f., 577;

xiii. 217 ; xiv. 116KoAâs, i. 68, 86, 105 ; ii. 300, 322;

xiii. 45, 70Kd/J.eipos, ii. 656KaTrai/eus, ii. 564 ; iv. 403 ; v. 319Kan-aîaSrjj, V. 109Kan-ai/iji'os, iv. 307; V. 108, 241KaTrus, XX. 239KapSajuvAi?, ix. 150, 292Kipes, ii. 867; x. 428Kaprjo-05, xii. 20Kdpucrros, ii. 539Kaa-os, ii. 676Kao-erai/Spi}, xiii. 366 ; xxiv. 690Kaoriai'eip.a, viii. 305Kao-Tcup, iii. 237KaiJKwi/es, X. 429 ; xx. 329Kauo-rpios, ii. 461KedSrjs, ii. 847Ke/3ptd>/>)5, viii. 318; xi. 521; xii.

91 f. ; xiii. 790 ; xvi. 727, 738, 751,754, 756, 759, 772, 781

KeAdSwi', vii. 133KeVravpoi, xi. 832Ke$aAAr/i/e?, ii. 631 ; iv. 330Krjp, xviii. 535K^pti/flos, ii. 538KI$I<TI'S, v. 709KTJC/KO-OS, ii. 522 f.Kixof E$, ii. 846 ; xvii. 73Kt'AtKes, vi. 397, 415KiAAa, i. 38, 452KinJpyjs, xi. 20Kio-o-rji's, vi. 299Kia-trris, xi. 223KAetros, XV. 445KAed/3oi/Aos, xvi. 330KAeoTrarpi?, ix. 556KAecoj/cu, ii. 570KAoci'os, ii. 495 ; xv. 340KAvju.eV)j, Helen's waiting-woman,

iii. 144

KAu;neVr), a Nereid, xviii. 47KAuratû.â'Tpct, i. 113KAim'Sijs, xi. 302KA.UTIOS, iii. 147 ; xv. 419, 427; xx.

238KAvTo/u.»jS>)s, xxiii. 634Ki'ioaoy, ii. 646; xviii. 591Kotpai/o;, a Lycian, v. 677Kotpavos, a Cretan, xvii. 611, 614KoTrpeu's, xy. 639Kdpii/0o$, ii. 570 ; xiii. 664Kopwi/eia, ii. 503Koptavos, ii. 746Koup^res, ix. 592, 532, 548, 551, 589Kdwc, xi. 248, 256 ; xix. 53Kdws (Kis), ii. 677; xiv. 255; xv.

28Kpara>j, iii. 445Kpaira6>05, ii. 676Kpeioi/TioSr??, xix. 240Kpei'ui/, ix. 84Kp>;6W, v. 542, 549Kprjres, ii. 645; iii. 230f.; iv. 251,

265 ; xiii. 219, 221, 255, 259, 274,311 ; xxiii. 450, 482

Kprjnj, ii. 649; iii. 233; xiii. 450,453

Kpro-a, ii. 520Kp<Ho-/w.o9, xv. 523Kpo/cuAeta, ii. 633Kpcw'Srjs, i. 498, and oftenKponW, i. 397, and oftenKpdcos, ii. 205, 319; iv. 59, 75 ; v.

721; vi. 139; viii. 383, 415, 479;ix. 37 ; xii. 450; xiii. 345; xiv.194, 203, 243, 274, 346; xv. 91,187, 225; xvi. 431; xviii. 293;xxi. 216

Kpwîxx, ii. 855Kre'aTOs, ii. 621 ; xiii. 185KuSoifAOs, xviii. 535Kuftjpa, XV. 432, 438Ku^ptos = 'Ajaî8d^.as, x. 268Kv#)jpios = AuK6<ppa>i>, xv. 431KvAArji/rj, ii. 603KvAA))i/to5, xv. 518Kv/uoSo/oj, xviii. 39KvjuofloTj, xviii. 41KvTO5, ii. 531KumxpiaoTJeis, ii. 593Kv7nipi<r<ros, ii. 519Kvirpis, v. 330, 422, 458, 700, 883Kvn-pos, xi. 21KvTwpos, ii. 853

635


Ku'^os, ii. 748Kwn-ai, ii. 502

Aaas, ii. 585Aae'pio)?, xvi. 197; xvii. 467AaepnctSrjs, ii. 173 ; iii. 200; iv.

358; viii. 93 ; ix. 308, 624; x. 144;xix. 185; xxiii. 723

AouceSatjuxoi', ii. 581 ; iii. 239, 244,387, 443

Aa^7T6Tt5r)5, xv. 526AOMTOS, father of Dolops, iii. 147 ;

xv. 526 ; xx. 238A<XIU.WOS, one of Hector's horses,

viii. 185Aaoyoi/os, son of Onetor, xvi. 604Aaoyovos, son of Bias, xx. 460AaoSa/xas, xv. 516AaoSa/aeia, vi. 198AaoSixi), daughter of Priam, iii. 124 ;

vi. 252AaoSixjj, daughter of Agamemnon,

ix. 145, 287Aoo5o«o9, son of Antenor, iv. 87AaoSoKos, a Greek, xvii. 699AaoOori, xxi. 85 ; xxii. 48Aaoju.e&»'Tid5r)« = Aaju.7ros, xv. 527Aaoju,«8oi'TiaS»)s = npia/iOs, iii. 250Aao/jLtSav, v. 269, 040, 649 ; vi. 23 ;

vii. 453 ; xx. 236 f. ; xxi. 443, 452AairiOai, xii. 128, 181Aapia-a, ii. 841 ; xvii. 301AeicoKpiTO?, xvii. 344ACKTOV, xiv. 284Aa'Ae-yes, x. 429 ; xx. 96; xxi. 86Aeovrev's, ii. 745; xii. 130,188 ; xxiii.

837, 841Aeo-/3i6es, ix. 129, 271Ae'<r|3os, ix. 129, 271, 664 ; xxiv. 544Aev/cos, iv. 491A^jSos, ii. 843; xvii. 288A)JITOS, ii. 494 ; vi. 35; xiii. 91 ;

xvii. 601, 605AT^VOS, i. 593 ; ii. 722; vii. 467 ;

viii. 230 ; xiv. 230, 281 ; xxi. 40,46, 58, 79 ; xxiv. 753

AijTci, i. 9, 36 ; v. 447 ; xiv. 327AiKv/j.vio';, ii. 663Ai'Acua, ii. 523Ai/u.i'cupeia, xviii. 41AiVSos, ii. 656Atrat, ix. 502Aoicpoi, ii. 527, 535; xiii. 686, 712AuVacrros, ii. 647

636

Awcaeoc, father of Pandarus, ii. 826 ;iv. 89, 93; v. 95, 101, 169, 179,193, 197, 229, 246, 276, 283

Avxatav, son of Priam, iii. 333 ; xx.81; xxi. 35, 127; xxii. 46; xxiii.746

AVKITJ, homeland of Sarpedon, ii.877 ; v. 479, 645; vi. 168, 171 ff.,188, 210, 225 ; xii. 312, 318 ; xvi.437, 455, 514, 542, 673, 683; xvii.172

Avxtot, ii. 876, and oftenAvicoep-yos, vi. 130, 134; vii. 142,

144, 148AUKO/J.TJ&JS, ix. 84; xii. 366; xvii.

345 f. ; xix. 240AVKO<£OI/TI}S, viii. 275Avicoifrptav, XV. 430AUKTOS, ii. 647 ; xvii. 611AVKIOI/, xvi. 335, 337Aupnjo-o-os, ii. 690 f. ; xix. 60; xx.

92, 191Avo-ai/Spos, xi. 491

MaytrjTes, ii. 756Mou'ai/fipos, ii. 869Mai/ixaAiirjs, xvi. 194Moupa, xviii. 48MouW, iv. 394, 398Maicap, xxiv. 544MavTiit'j;, ii. 607Mdpu, xvi. 319MapTTTjuo-a, ix. 557Maarjs, ii. 562Maoropiiijs, xv. 438MaaTwp, xv. 430MaXawi/, ii. 732 ; iv. 193, 200; xi.

506, 512, 617, 598, 613, 651,833;xiv. 3

MeyaSrjs/xvi. 695Me'yrjs, ii. 627; v. 69; xiii. 692; xv.

302, 520, 535; xix. 239MeSew!/, ii. 501Me'Swi/, son of Oi'leus, ii. 727 ; xiii.

693, 695; xv. 332, 334MeSiav, an ally of the Trojans, xvii.

216MeAai/0(.os, vi. 36MeAowmros, of Percote, xv. 547

553, 576, 582MeAai/nnros, a Greek, xix. 240MeAdi/urwos, a Trojan, viii. 276McAdfiTrjros, another Trojan, xvi

695


Me'Aas, Xiv. 117MeAe'a-ypos, ii. 642; ix. 543, 550, 553,

590McAi'/Soia, ii. 717MeAiri), xviii. 42Meve'Aao?, i. 159, and often; king

of Lacedaemon, ii. 581 ; acceptsParis'challenge, iii. 21 ff. ; worstshim, iii. 35511".; is wounded byPandarus, iv. 134 ff. ; guarded byAthene, iv. 128 ff. ; his apio-reia,xvii. 1 ff.; with Meriones bearsoff the corpse of Patroclus, xvii.722 ff.

Mei/etrflo/'s, ii. 552 ; iv. 327 ; xii. 331,373 ; xiii. 195, 690 ; xv. 331

MeceVer)?, V. 609Mei/eVOios, a Boeotian, vii. 9Meve'o-flios, a Myrmidon, xvi. 173Mei/oiTiaSr)?, i. 307; ix. 211 ; xi. 608;

xvi. 420, 434, 438, 452, 554, 760 ;xvii. 132, 267, 270, 369, 538 ; xviii.93 ; xxi. 28 ; xxiii. 25, 239 ; xxiv.16

Mevomo?, ix. 202 ; xi. 605, 765, 771,785, 814, 837 ; xii. 1 ; xvi. 14, 278,307, 626, 665, 827 ; xviii. 12, 325,455 ; xix. 24 ; xxiii. 85

MeVnjs, xvii. 73MeVraip, xiii. 171Me'i/aw, xii. 193Me'p|u.6po9, xiv. 513Me'po>/<, ii. 831 ; xi. 329Me'aflAris, ii. 864 ; xvii. 216Me'o-oTj, ii. 582Mecrerijis, vi. 457MrjSecriKao-TT), xiii. 173Attain), ii. 716Mijiaoreu'?, son of Talaus, ii. 566;

xxiii. 678Mri/aoTeu's, son of Echius, viii. 333 ;

xiii. 422 ; xv. 339Mijieia-TiafiTjs, vi. 28Mrjovi'rj, iii. 401 ; xviii. 291Mrjoi/ts, iv. 142MijW, v. 43 ; (in pi.) ii. 864, 866 ; x.

431Mrjptoi/rjs, ii. 651; iv. 254 ; v. 59,

65 ; vii. 166 ; viii. 264 ; ix, 83 ;x. 59,196, 229, 260, 270; xiii. 93,159, 164, 246, 249, 254, 266, 295,304, 306, 328, 479, 528, 531, 567,575, 650 ; xiv. 514 ; xv. 302 ; xvi.842, 603, 60S, 617, 619, 627; xvii.

259, 610, 620, 668 f., 717; xix.239 ; xxiii. 113, 124, 351, 356, 528,614, 860, 870, 877, 882, 888, 893,896

MijoTtop, xxiv. 257Mi'Seta, ii. 507

I'ATJTOS, in Asia, ii. 868t'Ar/Tos, in Crete, ii. 647

MiTOeto9, ii. 511 ; xi. 722Muxos, xiii. 450 f. ; xiv. 322MI^O-OS, xxi. 210MoAiW, xi. 322MoAi'oi/e = 'AKTOp<.We, xi. 709, 750MdAo?, x. 269; xiii. 249Mdpvs, xiii. 792; xiv. 514MouAios, an Bpeian, xi. 739Mov'Aios, a Trojan, xvi. 696MouAio?, another Trojan, xx. 472MoOaa, ii. 701; (in pi.) i. 604; ii. 484,

491, 498, 594; xi. 218; xiv. 508;xvi. 112

MvySiov, iii. 186MvSiav, a. Paphlagonian, v. 580MvSwi/, a Paeonian, xxi. 209Mu/caAr;, ii. 869Mu/eaA»)<T<r6s, ii. 498MUKIJI/CUO?, xv. 638 ; (in pi.) xv. 643MUKIJKTJ (MuKrjrai), ii. 569 ; iv. 52,

376; vii. 180; ix. 44; xi. 46MVI/IJS, ii. 692 ; xix. 296MupiVrj, ii. 814MupjmSdi/ej, i. 180, 328 ; ii. 684 ; vii.

126 ; ix. 185, 652; xi. 797 ; xvi.12, 15, 39, 65, 155, 164, 194, 200,220, 240, 266, 269, 506, 546, 564,570, 596; xviii. 10, 69, 323, 355 ;xix. 14, 278, 299 ; xxi. 188 ; xxiii.4, 6, 60, 129; xxiv. 397, 449, 536

Mvpo-t^o?, ii. 616Mvo-oi, in Asia, ii. 858 ; x. 430; xiv.

512; xxiv. 278Mvo-oi, in Europe (?), xiii. 5

Naorijs, ii. 867, 870 f.Neoji-roAejuos, xix. 327Neoropeos-, ii- 54; viii. 113, 192Nearopi'Sai, xvi. 317

589; xxiii. 353Neo"ropi'6i)S=©pacTU|UTJST)s, ix. 81Ne'crrwp, i. 247, and often; king of

the Pylians, ii. 591 ff'. ; his greatage, i. 250ff., cf. ix. 53ff.; hisoratory praised, i. 249; his wis-

637


dom, ii. 370 ff., ix. 62 ff. ; praisesold days, and tells of his formerprowess,!. 260ff., iv. 318ff., xi.670 ff., xxiii. 629 ff.; gives tacticaladvice, ii. 36? ff. ; seeks to quellthe strife between Achilles andAgamemnon, i. 254ff., cf. ix.96 ff.; advises the burial of thedead arid the building of theGreek wall, vii. 327 ft'. ; suggestssending a spy to the Trojan camp,x. 204 ff. ; urges Agamemnon tosend gifts to Achilles, ix. Ill ff. ;bids Patroclus plead with Achillesto relent, or at least to allow himto aid the Greeks, xi. 791 ff. ;Diomedes saves him when indanger, viii. 102 ff.

NijAeifys, xxiii. 652Nr/Aev?, xi. 683, 692, 717NrjArjiaS^s, viii. 100; x. 8T, 555;

xi. 511, 618; xiv. 42; xv. 378 ;xxiii. 303

NrjArjlo;, ii. 20 ; x. 18 ; xi. 697, 682 ;xxiii. 349, 514

NêpTrjs, xviii. 46Nr/pijtSes, xviii. 38, 49, 52NrjpiTOi-, ii. 632NIJO-CU'T), xviii. 40Nt6j8rj, xxiv. 602, 606Nipeus, ii. 671 ff.Nô-a, ii. 508Nt<rvpos, ii. 676NOT^WP, v. 678 ; xxiii. 612No/niwy, ii. 871Nu'f, xiv. 259, 261Nucnji'oj', vi. 133

Bai-Sos, the Lycian river, ii. 877;v. 479 ; vi. 172; xii. 313

Hayflps, the Trojan river, vi. 4 ;viii. 560 ; xiv. 434 ; xx. 40 ; xxi.2, 15, 146, 332, 337, 383; xxiv.693

EavSos, a Trojan, v. 152HavSos, the horse of Achilles, xvi.

149 ; xix. 400, 405, 420Hoiôs, the horse of Hector, viii. 185

'OSi'os, a Greek herald, ix. 170'OSi'os, leader of the Halizones, ii.

856 ; v. 39'OSvo-ereus, i. 138, and often ; king

of Ithara, and leader of the

638

Cephallenians, ii. 631 ff.; fatherof Telemachus, ii. 260, iv. 354;is described, iii. 191 ff., 216 ff.;restores Chrysei's to her father, i.430 ff. ; checks the flight of theGreeks, ii. 182 ff. ; chides, andbeats, Thersites, ii. 246 ff. ; hisspeech in the Assembly, ii. 284 ff.;is unjustly rebuked by Agamem-non,'iv. 339ff. ; a member of theembassy sent to Achilles, ix.169 ff.; and its spokesman, ix.225 ; reports failure to Aga-memnon, ix. 677 ff. ; goes withDiomedes as a spy to the Trojancamp, x. 254 ff. ; is wounded, xi.437 ; but saved from death byAthene, xi. 438 ; herfavourshewnhim also, x. 245, xxiii. 782 ff. ;taunts Agamemnon with coward-ice, xiv. 82 ff.

'Oflpvoi/ev's, xiii. 363, 374, 772OiSin6Sw, xxiii. 679'Oi'Aeus, father of the lesser Aias,

ii. 527, 727 f. ; xiii. 66, 694, 697,701 ; xiv. 422, 520 ; xv. 333, 336 ;xvii. 256 ; xxiii. 473, 488, 754

'Oi'Aevs, a Trojan, xi. 93'Oi'AtaSr)?, xii. 365; xiii. 203, 712;

xiv. 446; xvi. 330; xxiii. 759OivetSys, v. 813 ; x. 497Oii/eus, ii. 641 ; vi. 216, 219; ix.

535, 540, 543, 581 ; xiv. 117Oti/d/xaos, an Aetolian, v. 706Oipd/uaos, a Trojan, xii. 140; xiii

506OivoTu'Srjs, v. 707On-vAos, ii. 585Olxahievs, » 596, 730OlxaAt'r), ii. 596, 730'OAi^wi/, ii. 717'O\oo<rcriov, ii. 739'OAvjiiTriaSes, ii. 491'OAu^TTios, i. 18, 353, 399, 508, 580,

583, 589, 609; ii. 13, 30, 67, 309,484; iv. 160; v. 383; vi. 282;viii. 335 ; xi. 218; xii. 275 ; xiii.58; xiv. 508; xv. 115, 131, 375;xvi. 112; xviii. 79; xix. 108; xx.47 ; xxii. 130; xxiv. 140, 175, 194

"OAujun-os (OiiAv/uTros), i. 44, andoften

*Oi/eipos, ii. 6, 8, 16, 22'Oj/ijrwp, xvi. 604


"OTi-mjs, xi. 301'On-oets, ii. 531; xviii. 326 ; xxiii. 85'OpeV/Sio?, v. 707'OpeV-njs, son of Agamemnon, ix.

142, 284'Ope'0-n)5, another Greek, v. 705'OpeVnjs, a Trojan, xii. 139, 193'Opflatos, xiii. 791"Opflr?, ii. 739'OpAxei'i'S])?, ix. 448; x. 266'OpjueVto?, ii. 734"Opêi/os, a Trojan, viii. 274"Op/tei/os, another Trojan, xii. 187'OpveiaC, ii. 571'Opo-c'Aoxo?, father of Diodes, v.

546 f.'Opo-i'Aoxos, son of Diocles, v. 542,

519'Opo-tAoxo?, a Trojan, viii. 274'OpKojuei/dînBoeotia, ii. 511;ix.331'Opxo/j,ev6<;, in Arcadia, ii. 605*O<ro-<x, ii. 93'Orpews, iii. 186'OTpui/TeiSrjs, xx. 383, 389'Orpwrevs, xx. 384Ov/caAe'yu>i>, iii. 148OupamWes, i. 570; v. 373, 898;

xvii. 195 ; xxi. 275, 509; xxiv.547, 612

'O<f>e\ea-Tii<;, a Trojan, viii. 274"OêAe'orr)?, xxi. 210'Oê'Arios, a Trojan, vi. 20'O<jk'A.Tios, a Greek, xi. 302'OX>)<T«>?, v. 843

Tlairiiav, v. 401, 899 f.Uai'oi/ey, ii. 848 ; x. 428 ; xvi. "287,

291 ; xxi. 155, 205, 211II<uovt'%, xi. 339, 368Haiovlri, xvii. 350; xxi. 154Ilcuo-ds, v. 612IlaAAds, i. 200, 400 ; iv. 78, 541; v.

1, 61, 121, 256, 510, 840, 856 ; vi.311 ; x. 245, 275, 295; xi. 438;xv. 614 ; xviii. 217, 311, 516 ; xx.33, 146, 314 ; xxi. 290, 408; xxii.270, 276 ; xxiii. 771

IIoV«*> xiii- 792TlaHfjuav, Xxiv. 250Jlavax<uoi, ii. 404; vii. 73, 159, 327,

385 ; ix. 301; x. 1; xix. 193; xxiii.236

navSapos, ii. 827; iv. 88; v. 168,171, 246, 795

HavSltov, xii. 372llaôKos, xi. 490nace'AArji/6?, ii. 530napSoiSijs, = Ev<pop/3os, xvi. 808;

xvii. 70, 81riai/dotS))?, = IIovAvMiixas, xiii. 756;

xiv. 450, 454; xv. 446; xvi. 535 ;xviii. 250

Ilavfloos, iii. 146 ; xv. 522 ; xvii. 9,23, 40, 59

Ilai/oTrevj, in Phocis, ii. 520; xvii.307

Ilai/ojreuj, a Greek, xxiii. 665Tlai/oirij, xviii. 45IlapfleVto?, ii. 854n<ipi5, iii. 325, 437; vi. 280, 503,

512 ; xii. 93; xiii. 490, 660; xv.341 ; xxii. 359 ; xxiv. 249

Ilappacrii), ii. 608ncunSe'r), xiv. 269, 276n<xTpo<Ao5, i. 337, and often; his

youth spent with Peleus, xxiii.85 ; accompanies Achilles to thewar, xi. 781 ff., xviii. 324 fif. ;dearest to Achilles of all hiscomrades, xviii. 81, xxiv. 574 f. ;sent by Achilles to Nestor's hut,xi. 602 ff. ; Nestor bids him pleadwith Achilles, xi. 790 ff.; tends thewounded Burypylus, xi. 809 ff. ;comes weeping to Achilles, xvi.2 ff. ; pleads with him, xvi. 21 ff. ;Achilles sends him into battle,xvi. 125ff.; his apierreia, xvi.284 ff. ; slays Sarpedon, xvi.476 ff. ; is smitten by Apollo,xvi. 791; mortally wounded byEuphorbus, xvi. 806 ff., and byHector, 818 ff. ; his death, xvi.855, struggle over his corpse,xvii. 1 ff. ; it is borne back to thecamp, xvir. 722ff., cf. xviii. 232ff. ;his spirit appears to Achilles,xxiii. 65 ff. ; his funeral, xxiii.127 ff. ; games in his honour,xxiii. 257 ff.

IlaÂa-yoves, ii- 851; v. 577; xiii.656, 661

ncipaiSrjs, iv. 228neiptfoo?, i. 263; ii.,741f.; xii. 129;

182 ; xiv. 318Ilei'poos, ii. 844; iv. 520, 525; xx. 484nei'o-ai'Spos, son of Antimachus, xi.

122, 143

639


[Iei'<rai>Spos, another Trojan, xiii601, 606, 611

IIei<rai>6pos, one of the five leadenof the Myrmidons, xvi. 193

IIei(r>ji'<op, XV. 445rieAayoH/, a Pylian, iv. 295fle\dyiav, a Lycian, v. 695TleAao-yiKos, ii. 681 ; xvi. 233neAao-yos, ii. 843 ; xvii. 288 ; (in pi.)

ii. 840 ; x. 429IleAia?, ii. 715ileAAiji/ij, ii. 574Ile'Aof, ii. 104 f.ITepai/Soi, ii. 749IIe'pyaj/.es, iv. 508 ; V. 446, 460 ; vi

512 ; vii. 21; xxiv. 700Ilep-yao-i'fir)?, V. 535nepi'jSota, xxi. 142Ilepajpj;?, xvi. 177IIepiju.»jS>js, XV. 515UepifLos, xvi. 695IIepi<£as, an Aetolian, v. 842, 847Hepi'c/>as, a Trojan herald, xvii. 323IIepi<J>rJTT)?, a Trojan, xiv. 515Ilepi^T))?, of Mycenae, xv. 638riepicalo-ios, ii. 831 ; vi. 30; xi. 329HepmoxT), ii. 835 ; xi. 229 ; xv. 548Ilepcreus, xiv. 320Hepcre<j)6vei.a, ix. 457, 569nepo-rjiafirjs, xix. 116, 123Tlereiav, ii. 500Hereof, ii. 552; iv. 327, 338; xii.

331, 335 ; xiii. 690HrjSaiov, xiii. 172Ilq&uoff, v. 69TlrjSaa-og, a Tiojan, vi. 21UrjSa.fros, a city in the Troad, vi.

35; xx. 92 ; xxi. 87IljjSacros, a city in Agamemnon's

domain, ix. 152, 294n^Satro?, one of Achilles' horses,

xvi. 152, 467IlrjAeyoii/, xxi. 141, 152, 159nrjAeiSrjs, i. 146, and oftennrjAeiMi/, i. 188, and oftenrbjAew's, i. 469; vii. 125; ix. 147,

252, 289, 394, 400, 438, 480; xi.769, 772 f. ; xvi. 15, 21, 33, 175,203, 381, 574, 867; xvii. 443 ;xviii. 18, 84, 87, 331, 433 ; xix.21fi, 334; xx. 2, 206 ; xxi. 139,189; xxii. 8, 250, 421 ; xxiii. 89,144, 278; xxiv. 61, 534

ITijArjiaSrjs, i. 1, 322 ; ix. 166 ; xvi.

640

269, 653, 686; xxiv. 406, 431,448

, xviii. 60, 441as, xvi. 143; xix. 390; xx. 277;

xxi. 162; xxii. 133llij\iov, ii. 744, 757 ; xvi. 144 ; xix.

391Ilrji/eio?, ii. 752 f., 757n>ji>e'A<-(os, ii. 494; xiii. 92 ; xiv.

487, 489, 496 ; xvi. 335, 340; xvii.597

n^peirj, ii. 766n<.Sv'n)9, vi. 30ritepirj, xiv. 226niT0ev's, iii. 144IIiTv'eia, ii. 829HAa/cos, vi. 396, 425 ; xxii. 479nAarata, ii. 504HAevpwi/, ii. 639 ; xiii. 217 ; xiv. 116nAei/puptos, xxiii. 635IIoSaAei'pios, ii. 732 ; xi. 833IloSa'pyrj, xvi. 150 ; xix. 400HoSapyos, a horse of Hector's, viii.

185ndSapyo?, a horse of Menelaus",

xxiii. 295rtoSap/oj?, ii. 704; xiii. 693Ho5%, xvii. 575, 590;noAi'rrj?, ii. 791 ; xiii. 533 ; xv. 339 ;

xxiv. 250HoAuai^ovi'Srjs, viii. 276IIoAujSos, xi. 59TIoAvSeu'iojs, iii. 237noXufiuJpr/, xvi. 175IIoAvScopos, son of Priam, xx. 407,

419; xxi. 91 ; xxii. 46noAvSupos, a Greek, xxiii. 637IIoAift'So?, a Trojan, v. 148

oAui'Sos, a Corinthian seer, xiii.663, 666oAuKTWp, xxiv. 397oAi^rjATj, xvi. 180

IIoAvjiajAos, xvi. 417s, iv. 377

IIoAvfei)/os, ii. 623oAvTroirrj?, ii. 740; vi. 29; xii.129, 182 ; xxiii. 836, 844, 848oAv'^>rj/xos, i. 264

IToAvcjbJTr;?, xiii. 791s, iv. 395

IIop0ei;;, xiv. 115oo-etSdwv, i. 400 ; ii. 479 ; vii. 445;viii. 200; xi. 728 ; xii. 17, 34 ;xiii. 19, 34, 43, 65, 206, 231, 351,


434, 554, 503 : xiv. 357, 384, 390;xv. 8. 41, 51, 57, 158, 205; xx. 34,57, 63, 67, 115, 132, 149, 291, 318,330; xxi. 284, 287, 472, 477 ; xxiii.277, 307 ; xxiv. 26

noo-tSrji'os, ii. 506HouAuSajua?, xi. 57; xii. 60, 80, 88,

109, 196, 210, 231; xiii. 725, 748,751, 756, 790; xiv. 425, 449, 453,462, 469 f. ; xv. 339, 446. 454, 518,521; xvi. 535; xvii. 600 ; xviii.'249, 285, 313; xxii. 100

Ilpd/mos, ii. 835npa/ii^ios, xi. 639IIpialat'5r)s=*AvTi(J>os, iv. 490IIpiafu'5i}$-Ar)i'ij>o/3o£, xiii. 157IIpiajou'Si7s = AdpvKAos, xi. 490nptant'577s="E(CTup, ii. 817; v. 684;

vii. 112, 250, 258 ; viii. 216, 356 ;xi. 295, 300 ; xii. 438 ; xiii. 40, 80,316, 803; xiv. 365, 375; xv. 597,604; xvi. 828; xvii. 449, 503;xviii. 164 ; xix. 204 ; xx. 77;xxiii. 183

IIpian.i6'r)s=°EAei>os, vi. 76 ; xiii. 586IIpia/iiSij? = Aw(caa>i') XX. 87npiap,iSr/« = ndpts, iii. 356npi<tyu'Sj]9=IloAt;Sa)pos, xx. 408nptajuo;, i. 19 and oftenIIpo0o)j>'<op, ii. 495 ; xiv. 450, 471npotfoos, ii. 756, 758npodduf, xiv. 515IIpolTos, vi. 157, 160, 163 f., 177Ilpd^axos, xiv. 476, 482, 503UpoVoos, xvi. 399IIpOTidwi', xv. 455Hpvravit, V. 678TTpwrea-iAao?, ii. 698, 706, 708 ; xiii.

681; xv. 705 ; xvi. 280IIpwTw, xviii. 43nreAeos, a city in Nestor's domain,

ii. 594nreAed?, a city in Thessaly, ii. 697n-roAe/xaro?, iv. 228Tlvy/jLoioi, iii. 6nv0<a(v), ii. 519; ix. 405nuAaifxeVr)?, ii. 851 ; v. 576 ; xiii. 643HuAaios, ii. 842IIvAdpiTjs, a Trojan, xi. 491IIvAop-njs, anotlier Trojan, xvi. 696IIuAyjnj, ii. 639IIvAiot, i. 248 ; iv. 293 ; v. 545 ; vii.

134; xi. P87, 724. 737, 753; xvii.704; xxiii. 633

VOL. II 2T

IIuAoi-yeiTjf, ii. 54; xxiii. 303IIvAos, i. 252, 269; ii. 77, 591 ; v.

397 ; ix. 153, 295 ; xi. 682, 712,716, 760

nvA<oi>, xii. 187Ilupatxjiir??, ii. 848; xvi. 287IIvp<x<ro5, a Trojan, xi. 491Hupao-os, a city in Thessaly, ii. 695Hiipts, xvi. 416

"PaSdpavevs, xiv. 322'Pe'a (Tet'a), xiv. 203 ; XV. 187•Pjji/rj, ii- 728"Prjcros, the Thracian king, x. 435,

474, 519'Pijo-o?, a river in the Troad, xii. 20'Ply/no?, xx. 485'Pi'mj, ii. 606TdSioi, ii. 654'Pofiios, xii. 20Timor, ii. 648

2ayy<xpios, iii. 187 ; XVI. 7192aAa/xi's, ii. 557 ; vii. 1992djAos = 2a/j.7), ii. 6342djw.os (©PIJIKIIJ), xiii. 12 ; xxiv. 78,

753SapTrvjScAi', ii. 876, and often ; leader

of the Lycians, ii. 876 ; and com-mander of the Trojan allies, xii.101; he slays Tlepolemus, v.655 If. ; and is himself severelywounded, 660 ff. ; tears down aportion of the Greek battlement,xii. 3^7 ff. ', is slain by Hector,xvi. 462 ff.; his corpse borne awayby Apollo, xvi. 677 ff.

2arvto6is, vi. 34 ; xiv. 445 ; xxi. 87Sari/iot, xiv. 4432e'Aayos, v. 6122eXr)iria6»js, ii. 6932eAArj«s, a river in Elis, ii. 659 ; xv.

5312eAA»J6is, a river in the Troad, ii.

839 ; xii. 972eAAot', xvi. 234Sejxe'Ar), xiv. 323, 3252i)<r<x/aio?, ii. 8532rj<n-os, ii. 836SfleveAao?, xvi. 58620e'i/eAof, son of Capaneus, ii. 564 ;

iv. 367; v. 108, 111, 241, 835;viii. 114 ; ix. 48; xxiii. 511

641


SfleWAos, son of Perseus, xix. 116,123

2i8oi'es) xxiii. 743SiSoj/ir), vi. 291SiSonos, vi. 290ZiKvtav, ii. 572 ; xxiii. 2992i^o€is, iv. 475 ; v. 774, 777; vi. 4 ;

xii. 22 ; xx. 53 ; xxi. 307SiVrie?, i. 5942iVvAos, xxiv. 0152iVvid>05, vi. 153 f.SKCUCU', iii. 145, 149, 263; vi. 237,

307, 393 ; ix. 354 ; xi. 170; xvi.712 ; xviii. 453; xxii. (5, 360

Sxa/ixacfipios, son of Strophius, v.49

2Kaju.aJ'8pi.09 = 'Acrruai'af, vi. 4022/ca.ju.ai'Spios (adj.), ii. 465, 467•S.Ka/j.at'Spoy, v. 36, 77, 774 ; vii. 329;

xi. 499; xii. 21; xx. 74 ; xxi. 124,223, 305, 603 ; xxii. 148

•ZKavSeia, X. 2682Kap4>r), ii. 5322i<5pos, the island, xix. 326, 3322Kvpos, a city in Phrygia, ix. 6682/cwAos, ii. 497"S,ij.iv0evs, i. 392oAujuoi, vi. 184, 204Siroprrj, ii. 528 ; iv. 522ireioi, xviii. 402irepxeios, xvi. 174, 176; xxiii. 142,

1442TeW<op, v. 785Sux">«, xiii. 195, 691 ; xv. 3292TpaTir), ii. 6062Tpo$ioy, v. 492™;ixc£riAoy, ii. 6082™£, ii. 755; viii. 369 ; xiv. 271 ;

xv. 372n!pa, ii. 539'S.vti.-q, ii. 671S^rjAos, xv. 3382x«S»>«, son of Iphitus, ii. 517;

xvii. 3062xe5t'o«, son of Perimedes, xv. 5152x<H>'os, ii. 4972wicos, xi. 427 f., 440, 450, 456

TaAai|U.e'iT7s, ii. 865ToAaioi'tSijs, ii. 506 ; xxiii. 678TaAeu'/Sio?, i. 320; iii. 118 ; iv. 192 f.;

vii. 276 ; xix. 196, 250 267; xxiii.897

Tappi), V. 44

64,2

Taprapo?, viii. 13, 481Tdp<j>ri, ii. 533Teye'rj, ii. 607TC'KTCOJ/, v. 59TeAa/uair/, viii. 283; xiii. 177; xvii.

284, 293TeAa/xwwaS)??, viii. 224, 267 ; ix. 623;

xi. 7, 542 ; xiii. 709 ; xiv. 460 ; xv.289 ; xvii. 235 ; xviii. 193

TeAa^aii/ios, of Aias, ii. 528, 768;iv. 473; v. 610, 615 ; vi. 5 ; vii.224, 234, 283; ix. 644; xi. 465,526, 563, 591; xii. 349, 362, 364,370, 378; xiii. 67, 76, 321, 702;xiv. 409, 511 ; xv. 471, 560; xvi.116 ; xvii. 115, 628, 715; xxiii. 708,722, 811, 842

TeAajixwi/ios, of Teucer, viii. 281 ;xiii. 170; xv. 462

TeVeSos, i. 38, 452 ; xi. 625 ; xiii. 33Teve/rriSiav, ii. 756Tev0paWS>79, vi. 13Teu'ftpas, V. 705TeOxpos, vi. 31; viii. 266, 273, 281,

292, 309, 322 ; xii. 336, 350, 363,371f., 387, 400 ; xiii. 91, 170, 182,313 ; xiv. 515 ; xv. 302, 437, 458,462, 466, 484; xvi. 511; xxiii.859, 862, 883

TeuTOM^Tjs, ii- 843TrjWs, xiv. 201, 302T7jA6>axo5, ii. 200; iv. 354T>7peu), ii. 829Ti6W6s, xi. 1; xx. 237Tipvvs, ii. 559Ttrayos, ii. 735Tiraprjcrios, ii. 751Tfriji/es, xiv. 279TAr)7r6Aefi09, son of Heracles, ii. 653,

657, 661 ; v. 628, 632, 648, 056,660, 608

TAi/TToAe/io?, son of Damastor, xvi416

T>wAo«r, ii. 866 ; xx. 385Tprjxt's, ii. 682Tpijxos, v. 706TputKT/ (TpiKT)), ii. 729 ; iv. 202TpiroyeVeia, iv. 515; viii. 39; xxii.

183iji/, ii. 561ji/os, ii. 847

Tpoi'ij, i. 129, and oftenTpwe?, i. 152, and often

s), vi. 442 ; vii. 297;


ix. 139, 281; xvi. 831; xviii. 122;xxii. 105, 514 ; xxiv. 215, 704

TpwiK09, x. 11; xvi. 369 ; xvii. 724 ;xxi. 296 ; xxiii. 464

TpwiAos, xxiv. 257Tpwios (Tpwos), iii. 384, 411, 420;

v. 222, 461; vi. 380, 385; viii.106 ; xiii. 262; xvi. 393; xvii.127, 255, 273 ; xviiii. 179, 339;xxii. 57. 430. 434, 476; xxiii. 291,378

Tpws, son of Eriehthonius, v. 265;xx. 230 f.

Tpws, son of Alastor, xx. 463TvSeiSijs, v. 1, and oftenTvSevs, ii. 406; iv. 365, 3YO, 372,

384, 387, 396, 399 ; V. 25, 126, 163,184, 232, 235, 277, 335, 376, 406,800 f., 813, 881; vi. 96, 119, 222,277, 437 ; vii. 179 ; viii. 118, 152;x. 159, 285, 487, 494, 509, 516 ; xi.338; xiv. 114; xxiii. 883, 472,538

T«(pcoev«, ii. 782 f.Tvx">«i vii. 220

'YdSes, xviii. 486'Yaju.jroA.is, ii. 521*Y$7), ii. 783; xx. 385*YAr), ii. 500; v. 708; vii. 221"YMos, xx. 392'Yn-eipoxifii??, xi. 673'Yirei'p°X°«> xi. 335'YireCptav, v. 144•Yweipeia, ii. 734 ; vi. 457'Yirepjji/wp, xiv. 516 ; xvii. 24'Yn-epijo-irj, ii. 573'Yn-epiW, viii. 480; xix. 398"Yôs, xiv. 231, 233, 242, 264, 270,

286, 364; xvi. 454, 672, 682•Yjroflrj/Sai, ii. 505'Y7ro7rAaKi77, vi. 397'Ypa/, ii. 496'YP/J.U/T), ii. 616•YpraKiSTjs, ii, 837 f. ; xii. 96, 110,

163'YpraKos, xiii. 759, 771'Yprtos, xiv. 511•Yî/wp, v. 76 ; xiii. 411•YîTruAi), vii. 469

*<uVo</<, a Trojan, v. 1524><uVoiJ;, father of Phorcys, xvii. 3124><uVoi/i, son of Asius, xvii. 583

*ai<TTo?, ii. 648*a!<j"ro?, v. 43*dA.ia)s, xiii. 791; xiv. 513*Spis, ii. 582•fcavo-iaSr)?, xi. 578*€id, vii. 135*eiSas, xiii. 691*ei'6i7T7ros, ii. 678•fcei/eos, ii. 605*epai,. ii. 711*e'pe/cAos, v. 59*e'poi»<ra, xvii. 43*rjy6us, v. 11, 15«J>>)p<u (*Tjp>?), v. 543 ; ix. 151, 293*ijpey, i. '268; ii. 743*v)pi)TiaSi)s, ii. 763 ; xxiii. 376*0i'i), 155, 169 ; ii. 683 ; ix. 253, 363,

395, 439, 479, 484; xi. 766; xvi.13; xix. 299, 323, 330

4>er0t, xiii. 686, 693, 699*0?pes, ii. 868*iAijTopi'Si)s, xx. 457<J>iAoKTrjn]s, ii. 718, 725*Ae'yues, xiii. 302*6/3os, iv. 440; xi. 37; xiii. 299;

xv. 119*<n;3os, i. 43, 64, 72, 182, 443, 457 ;

v. 344, 454, 509 ; vii. 452 ; ix. 405,560, 564; xi. 353, 363; xii. 24; xv.59, 221, 256, 307, 318, 355, 365,441; xvi. 527, 667, 700, 715, 788,793 ; xvii. 71,118; xx. 39, 68, 118,138, 152, 375, 450; xxi. 436, 448,515, 545 ; xxii. 7, 213, 359; xxiii.188, 383 ; xxiv. 32

Qo'ivig, ix. 168, 223, 427, 432, 607,621, 659, 690; xiv. 321; xvi. 196;xvii. 555, 561; xix. 311; xxiii.360, 744

*dp/3a?, a Lesbian, ix. 665*6p/3<x<r, a Trojan, xiv. 490*op<cus, ii. 862; xvii. 218, 312, 318*pa8(ixoi'i8i)s, viii. 257•fcpoi'Ti?, xvii. 40*puy<=s, ii. 862; iii. 185 ; x. 431*puyi'ij, iii. 184, 401; xvi. 719 ; xviii.

291 ; xxiv. 545*vA<iKij, ii. 695, 700; xiii. 696; xv.

335*vA<xKi'Sr)5, ii. 705; xiii. 698

vAa»co?, vi. 35vA«, xvi. 181, 191

*vAetS»)s, ii. 628 ; v. 72; xiii. 692 ;xv. 519, 528; xvi. 313 ; xix. 239

VOL. II 2T2 643


*vAew, ii. 628; x. 110, 175; xv.530; xxiii. 637

4>vAo/*eSov<ra, vii. 10<J>iuKrjes, ii. 517, 525; xv. 516; xvii.

307

XaAxi?, ii. 537, 640Xa.AitwSoi'TiaSr)?, ii. 541; iv. 464XaAicwc, xvi. 595Xdpn, xviii. 382 ; (in pi.) v. 338;

xiv. 267, 275 ; xvii. 51XapoTros, ii. 672Xapoi/f, xi. 426Xeipa../, iv. 219; xi. 832 ; xvi. 143 ;

xix. 390Xep<7t£a/u.a?, xi. 423

vi. 179Xpojiu'o?Xpojai'os

a son of Priam, v. 160another Trojan, viii. 275a Lycian, v. 677a Mysian, xvii. 218, 494,

XPOJU.IOS, a Pylian, iv. 295Xpo/ixis, ii. 858Xpu'o-r), i. 37, 100, 390, 431, 451XpvoVs, i. Ill, 143, 182, 310, 369,

439XpuVrjT, i. 11, 370, 442, 450Xpvaofle/tiis, ix. 145, 287

'n/caAf'rj, ii. 501'fliceai/09, i. 423; iii. 5; v. 6; vii.

422; viii. 485; xiv. 201, 246, 302,311; xvi. 151; xviii. 240, 399, 402,489, 607 ; xix. 1; xx. 7 ; xxi. 195 ;xxiii. 205

'(Uewi), ii. 617 ; xi. 757*fl\ei>os, ii. 639'fipai, v. 749; viii. 393, 433'QpeiOvia, xviii. 48'flpiW, xviii. 486, 488 ; xxii. 29'Opos, xi. 303^fii-os, brother of Ephialtes, v. 385*Oros, leader of the Epejans, xv. 518

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3 Vols. Vol. I. OUTLINES OF PYRRHONISM.SOPHOCLES. Trans, by F. Storr. 2 Vols. (Verse trans-

lation.) (Vol. 1. 6th Impression, Vol. II. 4th Impression.)STRABO : GEOGRAPHY. Trans, by Horace L. Jones.

8 Vols. (Vol. I. 2nd Impression.)THEOPHRASTUS : CHARACTERS. Trans, by J. M.

Edmonds; HERODES, CERCIDAS AND THE GREEKCHOLIAMBIC POETS. Trans, by A. D. Knox.

THEOPHRASTUS : ENQUIRY INTO PLANTS. Trans.by Sir Arthur Hort, Bart. 2 Vols.

THUCYDIDES. Trans, by C. F. Smith. 4 Vols. (Vols.I.-III. 2nd Impression revised.)

TRYPHIODORUS : cf. OPPIAN.XENOPHON : CYROPAEDIA. Trans, by Walter Miller.

2 Vols. (2nd Impression.)XENOPHON : HELLENICA, ANABASIS, APOLOGY,

AND SYMPOSIUM. Trans, by C. L. Brownson andO. J. Todd. 3 Vols. (2nd Impression.)

XENOPHON : MEMORABILIA AND OECONOMICUS.Trans, by E. C. Marchant.

XENOPHON: SCRIPTA MINORA. Trans, by E. C.Marchant.

7


VOLUMES IN PREPARATION

GREEK AUTHORS

ARISTOTLE: ATHENIAN CONSTITUTION. H.Rackham.

ARISTOTLE: DE ANIMA etc. W. S. Hett.ARISTOTLE: ON THE MOTION OF ANIMALS, etc.

E. S. Forster and A. Peck.ARISTOTLE: ORGANON. H.P.CookeancIH.Tredennick.DEMOSTHENES : MEIDIAS, ANDROTION, ARISTO-

CRATES, TIMOCRATES. J. H. Vince.DEMOSTHENES: PRIVATE ORATIONS. A. T.

Murray.DIONYSIUS OF HALICARNASSUS : ROMAN ANTI-

QUITIES.MINOR ATTIC ORATORS (Antiphon, Andocides, De-

mades, Deinarchus, Hypereides). K. Maidment.NONNUS. W. H. D. ROUSE.GREEK MATHEMATICAL WORKS. J. Thomas.

LATIN AUTHORS

AMMIANUS MARCELLINUS. J. C. Rolfe.AUGUSTINE: CITY OF GOD. J. H. BAXTER.GELS US. W. G. Spencer.CICERO: AD HERENNIUM. H. Caplan.CICERO : AD M. BRUTUM ORATOR. H. M. HubbelLCICERO : CATILINE ORATIONS. B. L. Ullman.CICERO : DE ORATORE. Charles Stuttaford and W. E.

Sutton.CICERO: PRO SESTIO, IN VATINIUM,PRO CAELIO,

PRO PROV. CONS., PRO BALBO. J. H. Freese.COLUMELLA: DE RE RUSTICA. H. B. Ash.ENNIUS, LUCILIUS, AND OTHER SPECIMENS OF

OLD LATIN. E. H. Warmington.PLINY: NATURAL HISTORY. W. H. S. Jones.PRUDENTIUS. J. H. Baxter.SIDONIUS. E. V. Arnold and W. B. Anderson.VARRO: DE LINGUA LATINA. R. G. Kent.

DESCRIPTIVE PROSPECTUS ON APPLICATION

Cambridge, Mass. . HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESSLondon . . WILLIAM HEINEMANN LTD

8

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